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Notes To Study For Physics Practical

This document contains information and tips for studying and preparing for the Physics Alternative to Practical exam. It discusses the five topics covered in Physics: General Physics, Thermal Physics, Waves, Magnetism, and Atomic Physics. It also provides guidance on laboratory safety precautions and rules, techniques for measurements and experiments, sources of error, and how to improve accuracy. Tips are given for drawing graphs, calculating gradients, and reducing variables in spring experiments.

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180 views

Notes To Study For Physics Practical

This document contains information and tips for studying and preparing for the Physics Alternative to Practical exam. It discusses the five topics covered in Physics: General Physics, Thermal Physics, Waves, Magnetism, and Atomic Physics. It also provides guidance on laboratory safety precautions and rules, techniques for measurements and experiments, sources of error, and how to improve accuracy. Tips are given for drawing graphs, calculating gradients, and reducing variables in spring experiments.

Uploaded by

pearlynpuay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics (Alternative to Practical) 62 Tuesday


Just study all 5 Topics of physics:

General Physics
Thermal Physics
Waves
Magnetism
Atomic Physics

PEOPLEWORKS IT SERVICES SDN BHD

2A-2-11, LUCAS ARK DIGITAL MALL, LENGKOK


NIPAH, TAMAN LIP SIN, 11900 BAYAN LEPAS,
PENANG.

3027241438

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And you'll do fine For paper 6 learn all the 5 topics


experiments precautions.

Physics laboratory safety precautions / rules:

* Live wires should not be touched.

* Hot Objects should not be touched with barren


hands instead of that gloves should be used the
most common process is heating of water in
thermodynamic experiments.

* Circuit connections should be checked and


approved by the teacher and then only the circuit
should be switched ON.

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* While changing components of the circuit the


power should be switched so that one should not
experience electric shocks.

* Safety spectacles, gloves and other safety


components should be used while handling
experiments.

* While handling a mercury thermometer one


should take of the mercury spills.

* No other laboratory instruments should be


touched or handled which is not involved in the
course of experiments.

micrometer : can measure the thickness of any


small thing to 0.01 mm
vernier : can measure the inner and outer wall of
anything to 1.05mm
Control Variables
Precautions
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Units ( eg.. voltage is V etc. ) cause the units hold 1


mark of the question
Statements & justification
The rest are calculations and measurements
To produce more accurate or reliable results:
Repeat experiment, to calculate average
reading.
Avoiding parallax error, look perpendicular to
the ruler.
If accuracy in measurement was asked, check
for zero error.
Improvements that could be done to the
experiment (temp. cooling):

Same initial temperature.

Same volume of water.

Same shape of beaker.

Beakers of same surface.

Same room temperature.

Stirring the water in the beakers.

Same time intervals.

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Same surface area. (Unless given different


containers)
Adding water or cooling effect at regular
intervals.
Heat loss could be reduced by:

Insulation of beaker.

Covering beaker with a lid.

For 2 values to be directly proportional,


The graph of the values must be a straight line
from the origin.

As value 1 increase, value 2 increases.

For images produced from lenses on screens,


precautions taken:

Use of a darkened room for the experiment.

Avoiding parallax error in measurement, and


look perpendicular to the ruler.

Object and lens at the same height from bench.

Object/lens/screen is perpendicular to the


bench.
To draw an image created from lens:
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Inverted from the original object.

Sides are multiplied by the magnification.

*If values have difference by 0.1 or 0.01, that is the


limit of experimental accuracy, so answers are
about the same.
For spring extension experiment, variables that
should be constant in the experiment:

Number of coils.

Diameter of spring.

Selection of loads.

Mass of spring.

http://www.opampelectronics.com/tutorials/experiments_ch_003.htm

micrometer : can measure the thickness of any


small thing to 0.01 mm
vernier : can measure the inner and outer wall of
anything to 1.05mm
Control Variables
Precautions

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Units ( eg.. voltage is V etc. ) cause the units hold 1


mark of the question
Statements & justification
The rest are calculations and measurements
To produce more accurate or reliable results:
Repeat experiment, to calculate average reading.
Avoiding parallax error, look perpendicular to the
ruler.
If accuracy in measurement was asked, check for
zero error.
Improvements that could be done to the
experiment (temp. cooling):
Same initial temperature.
Same volume of water.
Same shape of beaker.
Beakers of same surface.

Same room temperature.


Stirring the water in the beakers.
Same time intervals.
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Same surface area. (Unless given different


containers)
Adding water or cooling effect at regular
intervals.
Heat loss could be reduced by:
Insulation of beaker.
Covering beaker with a lid.
For 2 values to be directly proportional,
The graph of the values must be a straight line
from the origin.
As value 1 increase, value 2 increases.
For images produced from lenses on screens,
precautions taken:
Use of a darkened room for the experiment.
Avoiding parallax error in measurement, and look
perpendicular to the ruler.
Object and lens at the same height from bench.
Object/lens/screen is perpendicular to the bench.
To draw an image created from lens:
Inverted from the original object.
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Sides are multiplied by the magnification.


*If values have difference by 0.1 or 0.01, that is the
limit of experimental accuracy, so answers are
about the same.
For spring extension experiment, variables that
should be constant in the experiment:
Number of coils.
Diameter of spring.
Selection of loads.
Mass of spring.
for improving the accuracy of the results (for
experiments):
Minimizing heating effect of a current:
Lower current
Increase voltage
Add a lamp
Increase resistance of a resistor
To increase accuracy of ray diagrams
View bases of pins since pins may not be vertical
Keep pins further apart
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Use more pins


Avoid parallax, explain action and reason
Repeats and average
Adjustments made to experiments will be made to
increase accuracy
Improvement made to experiments about heating
effect and insulation
Lids
Repeats
Stirring
Record max. Temperature
Add insulation
Keep constant room temperature
Avoid heat loss
How to check if a rule is vertical:
Protractor
Use of set square
Plumb line
Spirit Level
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Precautions taken in experiments about formation


of images by a lens
Use a darkened area
Meter ruler on bench or clamped
Object and lens same height on bench
Mark on lens holder to show center of lens
Take more readings
Avoid parallax error, explain action and reason
Lens\screen perpendicular to bench
Variables in experiments about springs and
stretching effect:
Number of coils
Length of spring
Diameter\thickness of spring or wire
Range of loads
Length of wire
Coil spring
Periodic time (T) is measured by timing a number
(n) of oscillations, then divide the time taken for all
the oscillations by the number of oscillations (n)
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Drawing graphs:
Label axis
Choose a proper scale
Well judged best fit line
Thin and neat lines
Measuring the gradient:
Draw a triangle on graph
Use clear lines
Triangle must be larger than half the line
Sources of error in calculating circumference by
string method:
Parallax
Diagonal winding
Thickness of string
Improvement made to calculating circumference by
string method
Avoid parallax error
Repeats and average
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Thinner string
Parallel winding of springs
It's not the BEST list in the world, but hopefully it
will help...
Control Variables
Precautions
Units ( eg.. voltage is V etc. ) cause the units hold 1
mark of the question
Statements & justification
The rest are calculations and measurements which
are easy.. they provide the equation in the question

Paper 6 is one of the easiest


Just memorise the variables.. precautions.. & units
Other then that .. use a sharp pencil when drawing
graphs cause you may lose marks for the thickness
of the lines
Be so accurate in measuring angles..
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