International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014)

Vibration Measurement System with Accelerometer Sensor

Based on ARM
N. S. Marne1, Prof. Dr. M. S. Nagmode2, Prof. R. D. Komati3
1

Student,

2,3

Professor, E&TC Department, MITCOE Pune, Maharastra, pune university, India

Acceleration which is getting on output graph is
proportional to voltage with respect to input displacement.
Accelerometer measures signal in three direction such as
X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis [4]. When a transducer is used in
conjunction with another device to measure vibrations, it is
called a vibration pickup. The commonly used vibration
pickups are known as seismic instruments. A seismic
instrument consists of a mass-spring-damper system
mounted on the vibrating body [9].

Abstract These Vibration amplitude may be measured as

a displacement, a velocity, or acceleration. Vibration
amplitude measurements may either be relative, or absolute.
The basic scheme of vibration measurement is outlined first.
Descriptions are given of transducers devices which transform
physical variables into equivalent electrical signals and of
vibration pickups. The increasing demands of higher
productivity and economical design lead to higher operating
speeds of machinery and efficient use of materials through
lightweight structures. How we can measure vibration or
earthquake signal of any device is describe in this system.
These trends make the occurrence of resonant conditions
more frequent during the operation of machinery and reduce
the reliability of the system. Hence the periodic measurement
of vibration characteristics of machinery and structures
becomes essential to ensure adequate safety margins.
Accelerometers develop a voltage from a piezoelectric crystal
that has a mass mounted upon it. When the mass fixed to the
crystal vibrates from the motion of the device upon which the
sensor is attached, the crystal generates a voltage proportional
to the force applied by the mass as it vibrates with the
machinery. While no external excitation is required for the
sensor to produce its voltage signal, the signal is small (selfgenerated) and requires a preamplifier.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

There are two types of devices used to measure ground
vibrations:
seismometers
and
accelerometers.
Accelerometers are used to record very strong vibrations,
while seismometers are used to detect weaker vibrations. A
seismometer is a sensor used to detect ground motion,
containing a mass or pendulum mounted on a spring. When
the ground moves, the seismometer moves with it;
however, the mass remains stationary [6]. A recording
device, called a seismograph, records the relative motion
between the mass and the unit, producing a record of the
movement. Modern seismometers utilize electronic circuits
to measure the electrical voltage created by this motion
rather than mechanical means [7]. These modern devices
are capable of detecting vibrations as small as semidiurnal
gravitational tide movements and distances almost as small
as atomic spacing.
The overview was made by Lee and Stewart (1981),
who, on the instrumental side, that was mainly dealt with
micro Earthquake networks. During 1970s all
observatories were upgraded and seismic signal were
available for the analysis [3]. The Wilmore (1979) dealt
with all the classical analog seismographs, but it is not
consider now. Seismograms give the basic information
about earthquakes, chemical and nuclear explosions.
Accordingly, our review knowledge of seismicity, Earth's
structure, and the various types of seismic sources is
mainly the result of analysis and interpretation of
seismograms [4]. The more completely we quantify the
signal of Earthquake, the more we understand the Earth's
structure, seismic sources and the Causing processes.

Keywords Accelerometer, ADC, ARM processor, wireless

Tx/Rx.

I. INTRODUCTION
Depending on the quantity measured, a vibration
measuring instrument is called a Vibrometer, a velocity
meter, an accelerometer, a phase meter, or a frequency
meter. If the Instrument is designed to record the measured
quantity [8]. In some application, we need to vibrate a
machine or structure to find its resonance characteristics.
For this, electrodynamics vibrators, electro hydraulic
vibrators, and signal generators (oscillators) are used. Here
we want to develop cost effective system for measurement
of earthquake signal. With the help of this system we can
measure any vibration present at the input side with the
help of accelerometer sensor. Here we are considering main
parameter is Acceleration. We are measuring Acceleration
with the help of accelerometer.

760

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014)
The first device is Accelerometer sensor which converts
nonelectrical signal into electrical quantity which is in the
range of (0-1.76V).The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low
power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with signal
conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures
acceleration with a minimum full-scale range of 3 g. The
user selects the bandwidth of the accelerometer using the
CX, CY, and CZ capacitors at the XOUT, YOUT, and
ZOUT pins. Bandwidths can be selected to suit the
application, with a range of 0.5 Hz to 1600 Hz for the X
and Y axes, and a range of 0.5 Hz to 550 Hz for the Z axis.
The output of Accelerometer is given to the low pass filter.
Ground vibrations, or seismic waves, are most
commonly caused by earthquakes. However, there are
numerous other sources for these vibrations, including
volcanoes, large explosions and impacts. These vibrations
spread out from their source as seismic waves and are
measured by a world-wide seismographic network of
seismometers and accelerometers. One of the most
common types of vibration sensor is an accelerometer.
Accelerometers come in a variety of designs, and they can
detect a wide range of different vibrations. One of the most
popular versions of the accelerometer is a piezoelectric
sensor. This sort of sensor contains a material (such as
crystal quartz) that gives off an electric charge when it
detects changes in pressure. By measuring the amounts of
electric charge that piezoelectric accelerometers give off it
becomes possible to determine the amount of vibration
going on in the connection. Accelerometer having input up
to 10000g shock survival. And output voltage range is 0.1
to 2.8 V (Analog form). It requires very less supply voltage
that is 1.8 to 3.6 V.
Output of Accelerometer is given to the LPF which
passing only low frequency component and block high
frequency component. Acceleration deflects the moving
mass and unbalances the differential capacitor resulting in a
sensor output whose amplitude is proportional to
acceleration. In low frequency applications (up to 20 kHz),
passive filters are generally constructed using simple RC
(Resistor-Capacitor) networks. We can calculate frequency
with the help of these formulae 1/ (2II32KC).
In this system we are using 10-bit ADC which is in built
in the ARM circuit. It also includes an onboard temperature
sensor to monitor ambient temperature.LPC2148 consists
of two analog to digital converter each of 10 bit successive
approximation method. While ADC0 has six channel and
ADC1 has eight channels. Therefore total number available
ADC inputs are 14.Conversion time of this ADC is 2.44us.
And ADC having output in terms of binary form like logic
0 or logic 1.

III. MEASUREMENT PLATFORM

Earthquakes release energy in the form of ground
vibrations, called seismic waves. These waves radiate
outwards in all directions. There are three types of seismic
waves, or vibrations. The fastest are pressure waves, called
P waves. These waves are also known as compression
waves. Slower than P waves, S waves are vertical and
horizontal waves that run perpendicular to their direction of
travel. Finally, surface waves, the slowest moving
vibrations, follow behind the P and S waves. In this figure,
the motion (or dynamic force) of the vibrating body is
converted into an electrical signal by the vibration
transducer or pickup. In general, a transducer is a device
that transforms changes in mechanical quantities (such as
displacement, velocity, acceleration, or force) into changes
in electrical quantities (such as voltage or current). Since
the output signal (voltage or current) of a transducer is too
small to be recorded directly, a signal conversion
instrument is used to amplify the signal to the required
value. The output from the signal conversion instrument
can be presented on a display unit for visual inspection, or
recorded by a recording unit, or stored in a computer for
later use.
An accelerometer is an instrument that measures the
acceleration of a vibrating body. Accelerometers are widely
used for vibration measurements and also to Record
earthquakes. From the accelerometer record, the velocity
and displacements are obtained by integration. Transducer
is a device that transforms values of physical variables into
equivalent electrical signals. Several types of transducers
are available; some of them are less useful than others due
to their nonlinearity or slow response. Some of the
transducers commonly used for vibration measurement.

Fig-1: Measuring platform of the System

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014)
We are using LPC2148 microcontroller which is based
on 32-bit ARM7TDMI CPU with real time emulation and
embedded trace support that combines microcontroller with
high speed flash memory. Due to tiny size power
consumption is low. This is having input as logic 0, logic 1.
And output will be in the range of 3V to 15V (11V). It
is having 60 MHz maximum CPU clock with settling time
100 s.
UART (universal asynchronous receiver transmitter) are
one of the basic interfaces which provide a cost effective
simple and reliable communication between one controller
to another controller or between a controller and PC.
Having input voltage-3V to 15V (11V).This application
report describes a 2.4-GHz frequency-hopping system
consisting of a designated Transmitter and Receiver, each
with distinct functions to avoid RF-channel interference.
The Transmitter board emulates the control device (e.g.,
remote control) by sending commands to be processed on
the Receiver side (e.g., TV, stereo, set top box, or gaming
console). The specific radio device used for this demo is
the TI CC2500 (2.4 GHz) RF transceiver module.
The Transmitter board is scanning each RF channel
looking for the Receiver board, the Antenna icon is cleared
during this time. The Transmitter board periodically sends
out a broadcast beacon to the Receiver. If the Receiver
sends back an acknowledge to the beacon request, the
Transmitter board remains on its currently-selected preset
RF channel. When the Receiver board is first powered up,
it parks itself on frequency #1 (denoted as F1 on the LCD
display).

Fig-2: Result of the earthquake signal

IV. RESULT
Figure 2 shows the result of the system which a
earthquake signal also called as seismic data or vibration of
the system. This data is not separated from noise. For noise
free data we have to do addition in to filtrations process.
When because of earthquake particular area is affected then
seismic data reaches at maximum level in the graph.
According to area of affection it reaches its peak value.
When area is less affected then it reaches at small peaks.
Following graph consists of 256 digitals levels because
here we are using 8-bit ADC. And Alarm value is set as per
our Requirement. Here Alarm set value is 140. When
output that means Seismic signal value is greater than set
value then Alarm will give Buzzer if not it will not provide
any sound.

Fig-3:Result of the earthquake signal

Above graph that is Fig-4 shows that all signal are

combine here in one graph this is done in MATLAB
programming. In previous section we have shown that
signal of different vibration like horizontal, vertical, mobile
and no signal movement is shown in individual graph. In
the above figure all signals are combining in MATLAB.

762

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014)
In previous days seismometer and geophone was used
to measure earthquake signal but the requirement of
maintenance is more. Because mechanical rotary part
present in the seismometer is more.

Red color is used for horizontal movement, yellow color

is used for vertical movement, blue color is used for mobile
vibration and white color is used for no vibration. White
signal is very feint it is behind of all signal. In practical
application we cannot implement this because practically
when signal is coming from transmitter side is of same
color so we cannot identify the waveform of the different
vibration signal. This graph is used for analysis purpose.

Also Seismometer is covered in a case for

improvement in the performance. And that are
expensive. Hence the cost of that device is more as
compare to this system.
Seismometer and geophone is not compatible with the
computer hence we cannot process that device with
the help of computer.

V. USER INTERFACE
Below fig-4 shows that GUI of seismic data in which on
X-Axis we are plotting time and on Y-Axis voltage is
available. Start is provided for data initialization. After
pressing start button we are getting seismic signal based on
input vibration or displacement. The time which is of on Xaxis is continuously varying and on y-Axis maximum
voltage we are giving is 3.5 V. If we want to plot X-axis
signal then we have to click on start of x- signal, same for
Y-axis signal, Z-axis signal, also stop button is also
provided.

The price of Seismometer is approximately twelve

thousand to fifteen thousand. Whereas cost of propose
system is approximately seven thousand to eight
thousand.
We can increase the resolution of the signal for that
we have to use more number of bits ADC but the
disadvantage is that speed will decrease.
By putting number of system at the different places
we can form one network like many transmitter and
single receiver. We can store the data for further
analysis in database. When we get information of
particular area then we can save life of many people.
VII. LIMITATIONS OF THE SYSTEM
In this system we are measuring any vibration which is
available at the input side. Very small vibration we can
measure with the help of this system. Hence we cannot
separate out noise signal which is present with the input
information signal. For that purpose we have to use
additional circuitry to separate out input signal and noise
signal. So this is one of the limitations of this system.

Fig-4: Result of the earthquake signal

REFERENCES

VI. ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM

[1]

In this project seismic data acquisition system based

on ARM7 designed. High sensitivity sensor and high
range wireless transceiver are selected.

[2]

Time complexity of this system is less as compared to

other systems. The new system has a significantly
reduced size and weight, which improves its
versatility and mobility.

[3]

Accelerometer senses the vibration in three direction

x, y, z. That signal is transmitted through transmitter
and received at the receiver side. If input signal is
greater than reference signal then controller will on
the buzzer.

[4]

[5]

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Miss.N.S.Marne,Prof.Dr.M.S.Nagmode,Prof.R.D.Komati.
Development of new system for earthquake data based on ARM,
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Khairul Anuar abd Wahid university sains malaysia Development of
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M. Griffin, Handbook of human vibration. London: Academic Press,
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014)
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[7]
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Bullen K. E., and Bolt B. A. (1993), An Introduction to the Theory

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