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Principles of Communication Expt 1

This document discusses basic communication system simulation using MATLAB. It introduces filters, their types (low-pass, high-pass, etc.), characteristics (Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel), and applications. It then describes a laboratory simulation experiment involving full-wave rectification and low-pass filtering of input signals to observe how the system conditions the signals. Students are asked to implement the simulation in MATLAB, plot and analyze the signals, and discuss how such a system could be applied in communication.

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Jam Magat
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79 views

Principles of Communication Expt 1

This document discusses basic communication system simulation using MATLAB. It introduces filters, their types (low-pass, high-pass, etc.), characteristics (Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel), and applications. It then describes a laboratory simulation experiment involving full-wave rectification and low-pass filtering of input signals to observe how the system conditions the signals. Students are asked to implement the simulation in MATLAB, plot and analyze the signals, and discuss how such a system could be applied in communication.

Uploaded by

Jam Magat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles of Communication

Experiment 1: Simulation of a Basic Communication


System
OBJECTIVES:
To learn the basics of MATLAB in simuating basic communication system

INTRODUCTION:
FILTERS
Filter is circuit that capable of passing signal from input to output that has frequency within
a specified band and attenuating all others outside the band. This is the property of
selectivity. They are four basic types of filters. They are low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and
band-stop. The all-pass filter circuit that can be designed. The basic filter is achieved by with
various combinations of resistors, capacitors, and sometimes inductors. It is called passive
filter. Active filters usetransistors or operational amplifier and RC circuit to provide desired
voltage gains or impedance characteristics. Inductance is not preferred for active filter
design because it is least ideal, bulky, heavy, and expensive and does not lend itself to ICtype mass production. Each type of filter response can be tailored by circuit component
values that have Butterworth, Chebyshev, or Bessel characteristics. Each of these
characteristics is identified by the shape of its response curve and each has an advantage in
certain application. Butterworth characteristic has very flat amplitude in the pass band and a
roll-off rate of -20dB/decade/pole. The phase response is not linear. However, the phase shift
of the signals passing through the filter varies nonlinearly withfrequency. Therefore, a pulse
applied to a filter with Butterworth response will cause overshoots on the output because
each frequency component of thepulse's rising and falling edges experiences a different
time delay. Chebyshev has characteristic response that roll-off greater than 20dB/decade/pole. The circuit has characteristic of overshoot and ripple response in the pass
band. Bessel has a linear phase characteristic, which shall mean that the phase shift
increases linearly with frequency. Thus, Bessel response is used for filtering pulse waveform
without distorting the shape of the waveform.

LOW PASS FILTER


A low pass filter is one that passes frequencies from dc to

fc

and significantly attenuates

all other frequencies. The passband of the ideal low pass filter is shown in the blue shaded
area of the below figure; the response drops to zero at frequencies beyond the passband.

This ideal response is sometimes referred to as a brick wall because nothing gets through
beyond the wall. The bandwidth of an ideal low pass filter is equal to

f c.

FILTER APPLICATIONS
The FM stereo receiver accepts carrier signals in the frequency range from 88 MHz to 108
MHz. In frequency modulation, the frequency of the carrier is varied in proportion to the
amplitude and frequency of the modulating audio signal. The filter circuits are part of the
channel seperation cirucits. It is used as to separate the audio signals that go to the right
and left channel speaers of an FM system.

LABORATORY SIMULATION:
Write a MATLAB Program That will simulate a simple filter system

a(t)

x(t)

Fullwave
rectificati
on

y(t)

Low Pass
Filter @
1KHz

z(t)

b(t)
Given that a(t)=expt(100|t|); b(t)=cos(2*(10^3)t); time interval is from -0.1 to 0.1 with a
step size of 10microsec.

LABORATORY EXERCISE:
1. Plot x(t), y(t) and z(t).
2. Change m(t) to 2+ sin(2 1000t) and c(t) to cos(2 (10^4)t) and cut off
frequency to 2KHz and Plot x(t), y(t) and z(t).
3. Discuss each of the following steps in your MATLAB program
4. Analyze the graphs of x(t), y(t) and z(t) for the two inputs and tell how the system
conditioned the signal.

5. How will this system be applied in a communication system?

Reference:
Floyd, T. L. (2008) Electronic Devices Seventh Edition US: Prentice Hall

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