Scale Drawing
Scale Drawing
19 Scale Drawing
19.1 Measuring Lengths
In this section we consider which units to use when measuring lengths, estimating
lengths, and the errors made when measuring.
1 cm
= 10 mm
1m
= 100 cm
1 km
= 1000 m
Example 1
Which unit of length is the most appropriate to measure:
(a)
your height,
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
the distance between your school and the nearest other school?
Solution
(a)
cm
(b)
(c)
cm
(d)
mm
(e)
probably km
Example 2
Estimate the lengths of each of the following:
(a)
a car,
(b)
(c)
Solution
(a)
This will depend on the type of car, but answers between 2 m and 4 m are
reasonable.
106
(b)
Between 1 cm and 1
(c)
15 cm.
1
cm (or between 10 mm and 15 mm).
2
Example 3
A line is measured to the nearest centimetre as 12 cm.
(a)
(b)
What length must the actual length of the line be less than?
Solution
(a)
(b)
12.5 cm, as this is the shortest length that rounds to 13 cm, rather than to
12 cm.
The answers in Example 3 are called
upper and lower bounds
Note: the answer to Example 3 (a) is called the lower bound of the length;
the answer to Example 3 (b) is called the upper bound.
Exercises
1.
2.
Which unit of length would be the most appropriate if you were measuring:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
107
19.1
3.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
4.
The length of a line is measured as 10 cm, to the nearest cm. What are the
upper and lower bounds of its actual length?
5.
The length of a pen is measured as 16 cm, to the nearest cm. What is the
minimum possible length of the pen?
6.
The distance between 2 airports is 1700 km, correct to the nearest 100 km.
7.
8.
(a)
What are the upper and lower bounds of the actual distance?
(b)
The end of Andy's tape measure is broken, and all the distances that he
measures are 1 cm shorter than he thinks. Is this error significant when he
measures:
(a)
5 cm,
(b)
5 m,
(c)
20 cm,
(d)
1 m?
(a)
(b)
(c)
Explain why you would get more sensible results if you measured the
lines to the nearest mm.
108
9.
(a)
(iii)
10.
(iv)
(b)
Measure the size of each angle to see how good your estimates were.
(a)
(b)
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19.2 Plans
Plans are drawn using a scale such as 1 : 100. This means that 1 cm on the plan
represents 100 cm, or 1 m, in real life. In this section we consider how to take
measurements from plans and how to draw plans.
Example 1
The diagram shows the plan of a village hall, on a scale of 1 : 100.
W
W
LADIES
TOILETS
GENTS
TOILETS
KITCHEN
MAIN HALL
LOBBY
W
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Solution
(a)
On the plan the kitchen is 4 cm by 2.5 cm. In reality these distances are
100 times larger, that is, 4 100 = 400 cm by 2.5 100 = 250 cm, or 4 m
by 2.5 m.
(b)
On the plan the gents toilet is 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm. In reality it is 250 cm by
250 cm, or 2.5 m by 2.5 m.
(c)
The length of the main hall is 10.5 cm on the plan. In reality it will be
1050 cm, or 10.5 m.
(d)
(e)
The length of this window on the plan is 1 cm. The actual length will be
100 cm, or 1 m.
3m
Example 2
1.3 m
0.5 m
3.2 m
1.8 m
0.5 m
0.4 m
0.5 m
1.2 m
3.5 m
Solution
A scale of 1 : 50 means that 1 cm on the plan
will represent an actual distance of 50 cm.
Actual Size in
m
cm
3
300
300 50 = 6
1.3 130
130 50 = 2.6
1.8 180
180 50 = 3.6
1.2 120
120 50 = 2.4
3.5 350
350 50 = 7
0.4
40
40 50 = 0.8
0.5
50
50 50 = 1
3.2 320
111
Size on Plan in
cm
320 50 = 6.4
19.2
The plan can then be drawn
accurately, as shown in the
diagram.
Exercises
1.
2.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
112
CLASSROOM
LOBBY
STORE
3.
1 to 100,
(b)
1 to 200,
(c)
1 to 50,
(d)
1 to 10,
(e)
1 to 20?
4.
5.
3m
(b)
2.8 m
2.5 m
3.5 m
6.
7.
8.
(a)
(b)
(c)
What is the length of the longest straight line that could be drawn on
the floor of the room?
(b)
(c)
19.2
9.
HALL
10.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
LOUNGE/
DINER
KITCHEN
W
(b)
(c)
19.3 Maps
Scales are used on maps in the same way that they are used in plans. A scale of
1 : 50 000 is used on many Ordnance Survey maps. This means that 1 cm on the
map represents an actual distance of 50 000 cm (or 500 m or 0.5 km).
Buxton
Example 1
This map shows roads linking 3 towns
and is drawn using a scale of 1 : 300 000.
What is the actual distance on a
straight line between:
(a)
(b)
Ashbourne
114
Solution
(a)
(b)
The distance between Buxton and Leek on the map is 6.1 cm.
Actual distance = 6.1 300 000
= 1 830 000 cm
= 18.3 km
Example 2
The distance between two towns is 3.5 km. How far apart would these towns be
on a map with a scale of 1 : 50 000 ?
Solution
Actual distance = 3.5 km
= 3500 m
= 350 000 cm
Distance on map =
350 000
50 000
= 7 cm
Exercises
1.
The following map shows some places in Kent and is drawn using a scale of
1 : 300 000.
What is the actual distance on a straight line, in km, between:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
115
19.3
Herne
Bay
Whitstable
Margate
Ramsgate
Canterbury
Sandwich
Deal
Dover
Folkstone
2.
The map below shows a small island drawn using a scale of 1 : 25 000.
There are three lookout posts, at A, B and C.
3.
A map has a scale of 1 : 50 000. What are the actual distances, in km, that
are represented by each of these lengths on the map:
(a)
4 cm,
(b)
10 cm,
(c)
3.2 cm,
(d)
5.1 cm?
4.
The distance between two places on a map is 6 cm. If the map has a scale of
1 : 40 000, what is the actual distance between the two places?
5.
6.
Two towns are 15 km apart. What would be the distance between the two
towns on a map with a scale of 1 : 300 000?
7.
Windmill
Church
8.
(a)
What will be the distance on the map between the church and the
tower?
(b)
What will be the distance on the map between the tower and the
windmill?
(c)
Draw the map, and use it to calculate the actual distance between the
church and the windmill.
The distance between London and Birmingham is 165 km. What would be
the distance between these two cities on a map with a scale of:
(a)
1 : 500 000,
(b)
1 : 1 000 000,
(c)
1 : 300 000,
(d)
1 : 110 000 ?
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19.3
9.
900 m
750 m
POND
(a)
(b)
A person is exactly halfway between the gates and the pond. How
far are they from the flagpole?
(c)
Another student stands at the gates looking towards the flagpole. They
turn anticlockwise so that they are looking at the pond. What angle
does the student turn through?
10.
11.
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