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Molecular Weight

cvbnmnm

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1K views7 pages

Molecular Weight

cvbnmnm

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ahsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Molecular Weight Solution numerical

William d. clister
14.2 Compute repeat unit molecular weights for the following: (a) poly(vinyl
chloride), (b) poly(ethylene terephthalate), (c) polycarbonate, and (d)
polydimethylsiloxane.
Solution
(a) For poly(vinyl chloride), each repeat unit consists of two carbons, three
hydrogens, and one chlorine (Table 14.3). If AC, AH and ACl represent the
atomic weights of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine, respectively, then
m = 2(AC) + 3(AH) + (ACl)
= (2)(12.01 g/mol) + (3)(1.008 g/mol) + 35.45 g/mol = 62.49 g/mol
(b) For poly(ethylene terephthalate), from Table 14.3, each repeat unit has ten
carbons, eight hydrogens, and four oxygens. Thus,
m = 10(AC) + 8(AH) + 4(AO)
= (10)(12.01 g/mol) + (8)(1.008 g/mol) + (4)(16.00 g/mol) = 192.16 g/mol
(c) For polycarbonate, from Table 14.3, each repeat unit has sixteen carbons,
fourteen hydrogens, and three oxygens. Thus,
m = 16(AC) + 14(AH) + 3(AO)
= (16)(12.01 g/mol) + (14)(1.008 g/mol) + (3)(16.00 g/mol)
= 254.27 g/mol
(d) For polydimethylsiloxane, from Table 14.5, each repeat unit has two
carbons, six hydrogens, one silicon and one oxygen. Thus,
m = 2(AC) + 6(AH) + (ASi) + (AO)
= (2)(12.01 g/mol) + (6)(1.008 g/mol) + (28.09 g/mol) + (16.00 g/mol) = 74.16
g/molExcerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on
a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled
in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or
translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is
unlawful.

14.3 The number-average molecular weight of a polypropylene is 1,000,000


g/mol. Compute the degree of polymerization.
Solution
We are asked to compute the degree of polymerization for polypropylene, given that
the number-average molecular weight is 1,000,000 g/mol. The repeat unit molecular
weight of polypropylene is just
m = 3(AC) + 6(AH)
= (3)(12.01 g/mol) + (6)(1.008 g/mol) = 42.08 g/mol
Now it is possible to compute the degree of polymerization using Equation 14.6 as
DP=Mn/m
=1,000,000 g/mol/42.08 g/mol
= 23,760

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a notfor-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in
courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or
translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is
unlawful.

14.4 (a) Compute the repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene.


(b) Compute the number-average molecular weight for a polystyrene for which
the degree of polymerization is 25,000.
Solution
(a) The repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene is called for in this portion
of the problem. For polystyrene, from Table 14.3, each repeat unit has eight
carbons and eight hydrogens. Thus,
m = 8(AC) + 8(AH)
= (8)(12.01 g/mol) + (8)(1.008 g/mol) = 104.14 g/mol
(b) We are now asked to compute the number-average molecular weight. Since
the degree of polymerization is 25,000, using Equation 14.6
M n= (DP)m=(25,000)(104.14 g/mol) = 2.60 106 g/mol

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a notfor-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in
courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or
translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is
unlawful.
14.5 Below, molecular weight data for a polypropylene material are tabulated.
Compute (a) the number-average molecular weight, (b) the weight-average
molecular weight, and (c) the degree of polymerization.

Molecular
Weight
Range
(g/mol)
8,000
16,000
16,000
24,000
24,000
32,000
32,000
40,000

xi

wi

0.05

0.02

0.16

0.10

0.24

0.20

0.28

0.30

40,000
0.20
0.27
48,000
48,000
0.07
0.11
56,000
Solution
(a) From the tabulated data, we are asked to compute , the number-average
molecular weight. This is carried out below.
Molecular wt
Range
Mean Mi xi
xiMi
8,000-16,000
12,000
0.05 600
16,000-24,000
20,000
0.16 3200
24,000-32,000
28,000
0.24 6720
32,000-40,000
36,000
0.28 10,080
40,000-48,000
44,000
0.20 8800
48,000-56,000
52,000
0.07 3640
____________________________
M n =xiMi=33,040 g/mol
(b) From the tabulated data, we are asked to compute , the weight-average
molecular weight. M w
Molecular wt.
Range Mean
Mi `
wi
wiMi
8,000-16,000
12,000
0.02 240
16,000-24,000
20,000
0.10 2000
24,000-32,000
28,000
0.20 5600

32,000-40,000
36,000
0.30 10,800
40,000-48,000
44,000
0.27 11,880
48,000-56,000
52,000
0.11 5720
___________________________
M w =wiMi=36,240 g/mol
(c) Now we are asked to compute the degree of polymerization, which is possible
using Equation 14.6. For polypropylene, the repeat unit molecular weight is just
m = 3(AC) + 6(AH)
= (3)(12.01 g/mol) + (6)(1.008 g/mol) = 42.08 g/mol
And
DP=Mn / m
=33,040 g/mol / 42.08 g/mol =785
14.6 Molecular weight data for some polymer are tabulated here. Compute (a)
the number-average molecular weight, and (b) the weight-average molecular
weight. (c) If it is known that this material's degree of polymerization is 710,
which one of the polymers listed in Table 14.3 is this polymer? Why?
Molecular
Weight
Range g/mol
15,000
30,000
30,000
45,000
45,000
60,000
60,000
75,000
75,000
90,000
90,000
105,000
105,000
120,000
120,000
135,000
Solution

xi

wi

0.04

0.01

0.07

0.04

0.16

0.11

0.26

0.24

0.24

0.27

0.12

0.16

0.08

0.12

0.03

0.05

(a) From the tabulated data, we are asked to compute, the number-average
molecular weight. This is carried out below. M n
Molecular wt.
Range
Mean Mi
15,000-30,000
22,500
30,000-45,000
37,500
45,000-60,000
52,500
60,000-75,000
67,500
75,000-90,000
82,500
90,000-105,000 97,500
105,000-120,000 112,500
120,000-135,000 127,500
_________________________

xi
0.04
0.07
0.16
0.26
0.24
0.12
0.08
0.03

xiMi
900
2625
8400
17,550
19,800
11,700
9000
3825

M n=xiMi=73,800 g/mol
(b) From the tabulated data, we are asked to compute, the weight-average
molecular weight. This determination is performed as follows: M w
Molecular wt.
Range
Mean Mi wi
wiMi
15,000-30,000
22,500
0.01 225
30,000-45,000
37,500
0.04 1500
45,000-60,000
52,500
0.11 5775
60,000-75,000
67,500
0.24 16,200
75,000-90,000
82,500
0.27 22,275
90,000-105,000 97,500
0.16 15,600
105,000-120,000 112,500
0.12 13,500
120,000-135,000 127,500
0.05 6375
_________________________
M w=wiMi=81,450 g/mol
(c) We are now asked if the degree of polymerization is 710, which of the
polymers in Table 14.3 is this material? It is necessary to compute m in
Equation 14.6 as
m =Mn / DP
=73,800 g/mol / 710=103.94 g/mol
The repeat unit molecular weights of the polymers listed in Table 14.3 are as follows:

Polyethylene--28.05 g/mol
Poly(vinyl chloride)--62.49 g/mol
Polytetrafluoroethylene--100.02 g/mol
Polypropylene--42.08 g/mol
Polystyrene--104.14 g/mol
Poly(methyl methacrylate)--100.11 g/mol
Phenol-formaldehyde--133.16 g/mol
Nylon 6,6--226.32 g/mol
PET--192.16 g/mol
Polycarbonate--254.27 g/mol
Therefore, polystyrene is the material since its repeat unit molecular weight is
closest to that calculated above.

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