Name of student: _________________________

Class: Wednesday
Date: 29.06.16
24 Ramadan 1437H
Week: 26
Time: (7.45 pm 9.45 pm)

Kipli Yassin Rescources, Heritage Garden

Subject:
Topic:
Sub-topic:
Exercise:

PHYSICS, Form 4
2 FORCES & MOTION
2.12 Understanding Elasticity
1

Short Notes
Understanding Elasticity

Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape and size when the external force
acting on it is removed.

It is due to the strong intermolecular forces between the molecules of the solid. (you have to be able to
explain elasticity in terms of intermolecular forces)

Hookes Law States that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force
provided that the elastic limit is not exceeded.

Elastic limit of a spring is the maximum force that can be applied to a spring such that the spring will
be able to be restored to its original length when the force is removed.

If the elastic limit is exceeded, the length of the spring is longer than the original length even though
the force no longer acts on it. It is said to have permanent extension.

Hooke's law Graph

Force vs Extension

Force (N )

Extension (m)

k = force constant of the spring (equal of the gradient of the graph)

x = extension
1

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Force constant is the force that is required to produce one unit of extension of the spring. It is the
measure of the stiffness of the spring.

Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

Force (N )

Elastic Limit
This is reached when the
graph line starts to curve

Extension (m)

The curve at the end occurs represents the moment before the material breaks.

Factors influencing the elasticity of a spring:

a.
type of spring material
b.
diameter of the coil of spring
c.
diameter of the wire of spring
d.
arrangement of the spring.

Point 1 is the Limit of Proportionality. Point 2 is the Elastic Limit. Point 3 is the Yield Point.
Before the limit of proportionality, the material obeys Hookes Law. After it, Force is no longer
proportional to extension, and the graph begins to curve.
The Elastic Limit is the point when a material stops behaving elastically, and starts behaving
plastically. The area before this point is called the elastic region; after it, the plastic region.
The Yield Point is the point where the material starts to stretch without applying any additional force.

Elastic Potential Energy, U

Elastic potential energy is the energy transferred to the spring when work is done on the spring.
2

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U Ep

1
2

kx 2

k = force constant
x = spring extension

Meanwhile, from the graph of Force vs Extension above, its area represents potential energy;
Area under the graph = Elastic potential energy = Work done

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Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

Exercise
1. Which of the following describe Hookes
Law?
A. Acceleration is proportional to the force
applied.
B.
The total momentum of a system is
conserved provided there are no external
forces.
C. The extension of a spring is directly
proportional to the applied force provided
that the elastic limit is not exceeded.
D. The extension of a spring is directly
proportional to its elastic limit.

A.
B.

10 cm
20 cm

C.
D.

30 cm
40 cm

7. A spring is stretched 10 cm when the

stretching force is 300 N. How much energy
is stored in the spring when it is stretched 15
cm?
A. 3.40 J
C. 33.8 J
B.
22.5 J
D. 375 J
8. How much work is required to compress a
spring constant of 50 N m1 by 20 cm?
A. 1 J
C. 10 J
B.
5J
D. 20 J

2. An elastic material
A. returns to its original shape but not its
original size after the deforming force is
removed.
B.
returns to its original size but not its
original shape after the deforming force is
removed.
C. does not returns to its original size and
shape after the deforming force is removed.
D. returns to its original size and shape after
the deforming force is removed.

9. Which graph shows the correct relationship

between the force, F, and the extension, x, of
a spring? (SPM 2010)

3. A bow is elastic because

A. it maintains its stretching position when a
force acts on it\
B.
it can be pulled to a greater length
C. it can be compressed when a force acts on
it
D. it returns to its original shape when the
deforming force is removed

10. The full length of an extended spring is 20

cm. Which of the following shows the spring
is elastic when the force applied on the spring
is released?
A. The length of the spring becomes 18 cm
B.
The length of the spring becomes 20 cm
C. The length of the spring becomes 22 cm
D. The length of the spring becomes 24 cm

4. A spring produces an extension of 4 cm when

a stretching force of 1.2 N is applied to it.
What is the elastic constant of the spring?
A. 30 N m1
C. 60 N m1
B.
40 N m1
D. 70 N m1
5. A spring of length 18 cm is extended to 22
cm when it is pulled by a force of 50 N. What
is the load required to reduce the length of
the spring to 16 cm?
A. 2.0 kg
C. 3.0 kg
B.
2.5 kg
D. 25 kg

Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

6. A spring is 30 cm long when a load of 10 N is

hanging from it, and 40 cm long when a load
of 20 N is hanging from it. What is the length
of the spring when there is no load on it?

11. Diagram 11.1 shows the apparatus set-up to

study the elasticity of springs X and Y.

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Which comparison of the length of spring

arrangements, P, Q and R is correct when
weight of 1 kg is hung?
A. P > Q > R
C. R > P > Q
B.
P>R>Q
D. R > Q > P
13. Diagram 13 shows three identical springs
with the original length of 16.0 cm. (SPM
2013)
Diagram 11.1

The relationship between length of springs X

and Y when stretched by different force is
shown in Diagram 11.2.

Diagram 13

What is the length of Y?

A. 2.0 cm
C.
B.
6.0 cm
D.

10.0 cm
13.0 cm

14. Diagram 14 shows a cradle with spring x.

Diagram 11.2

Which comparison about springs X and Y is

correct?
A. X is harder than Y
B.
The original length of X is longer than Y
C. To stretch 1 cm, work done on X is smaller
than on Y
12. Diagram 12 shows three identical spring
arrangements, P, Q and R. All springs used
are identical. (SPM 2011)

Diagram 14

A.
B.
C.
D.

Spring x can hold a maximum load of 5 kg.

Which of the following ways is used so that
the cradle can hold a baby of 7 kg?
Change with a spring of greater diameter.
Increase the length of the spring.
Add one spring and arrange in series.
Add one spring and arrange in parallel.

Diagram 12
Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

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Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

Structured Questions
1. (a)

What do you mean by the elasticity of an object?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

(b)

Define Hookes law.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. (a)

Define force constant of a spring.

______________________________________________________________________________

(b)

State the factors that affect the force constant of a spring.

(c)

Describe how the factors mentioned in (b) affect the force constant of a spring.

3. A spring is stretched. A graph of force against extension of the spring is drawn as shown below.

Relate work done to elastic potential energy. Find an expression for elastic potential energy in terms of
force constant, k and extension, x.

Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

4. P, Q, R and S are four identical springs with original length of 10 cm. the length of each spring is 15 cm
when it is stretched by a 10 N force. The diagram below shows the arrangement of four springs with a
mass of 6.4 kg.

Find the value of y. (Ans: 18 cm)

5. If the spring in question 4 are now arranged as shown in the diagram below,

Find the value of y. (Ans: 47.5 cm)

Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

6. A block of mass 2.0 kg is pushed to compress a spring to 5.0 cm by a force of 4.0 N as shown in
diagram below.

(a)

Find the elastic potential energy of the compressed spring. (Ans: 0.1 J)

(b)

Find the speed of the block when it is released to move along the smooth surface.
(Ans: 0.32 ms1)

7. In diagram shown below, an arrow of mass 20 g traveling at a speed of 400 m s 1 hits a block of mass 80
g and stick together to compress the spring of force constant 400 N cm 1 along a smooth surface.

(a)

Find the speed of the block and the arrow. (Ans: 80 ms1)

(b)

Calculate the maximum distance of compression of the spring. (Ans: 12.6 cm)

Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

8. A spring with un-stretched length 10 cm is extended 5 mm by an applied force of 2.0 N.

(a) What is its spring constant? (Ans: 400 N m1)

(b)

How much would it extend if a load of 250 g was suspended from it? (Ans: 0.25 mm)

(c)

If four springs of the same kind are arranged as shown in diagram below,

what is the length of x? (Ans: 21.6 cm)

Week 26, 2.12 Understanding Elasticity

Physics Form 4 @ KYRHG

9. Diagram (i) shows the arrangement of apparatus in an experiment to determine the relationship between
extension, x of spring S with force, F. The relationship between x and F is shown in the graph in
diagram (ii).

(i)

(ii)

A law state that: The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied to stretch it if
the elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.
(a)

Name the law.

(b)

Mark a cross (X) on the graph in Diagram (ii) to indicate the elastic limit of the spring.

(c)

The spring stores energy when it is extended.

Calculate the energy stored in the spring when it is extended by 8 cm.

(d)

Another spring identical to spring S is added to the arrangement as in Diagram (iii). The experiment is
repeated.
Sketch a graph of x against F, up to the elastic limit, for this
experiment in Diagram (iii).

(iii)