96 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas By principle, the minute hand (MH) always moves faster than the (HH). The relation between the minute hand and the hour hand is where : MH is in number of minutes Also, the hour hand in terms of second hand is expressed as where: SH is in number of seconds PROGRESSION / SEQUENCE & SERIES ‘A sequence or progression is a set or collection of numbers arranged in an orderly manner such that the preceding and the following numbers are completely specified. An infinite sequence is a function whose domain is the set of positive integer. If the domain of the function consists of the first n positive integers only, then itis said to be a finite sequence, 14+345+7+9+11+13+15 ——> Finite sequence 1434+54+7+94+11413+-. > Infinite sequence Terms or elements are the term used to describe the numbers in a given sequence.Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 97 Series is the sum of the terms in a sequence. An alternating series has positive and negative terms arranged alternately. If an infinite series has a finite sum, itis referred to as convergent series and divergent series if it has no sum at all The most common types of sequence are Arithmetic, Harmonic and Geometric Progression. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.): A sequence is said to be in arithmetic progression if its succeeding terms have a common difference. The corresponding sum of all the terms in arithmetic. progression is called as arithmetic series. ‘There are only two formulas (i.e. last term and sum) to remember and used in solving a problem in arithmetic sequence. Last term (n" term): ‘Sum of all terms: sfea) = where: ay = first term an = last term (n™ term) fn = number of terms d = common difference = a2 — a; = a3 — a2 = --- GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (G.P.): A sequence is said to be a geometric progression if its succeeding terms have a ‘common ratio. The corresponding sum of all the terms in geometric progression is called as geometric series. Also, there are only two formulas (i.e. last term and sum) to remember and used in solving a problem in geometric sequence. Last term (n™ term):98 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Sum of all terms: eae ace where: a1 = first term @q = last term (n™ term) n= number of terms INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION: This type of progression is a geometric progression only that the number of terms (n) is extremely large or infinity, ITT > 1, Sum of all terms 1s infinite Ifr <1, the sum of all terms is where: ay = first term r= common ratio HARMONIC PROGRESSION: ‘A sequence of numbers whose reciprocals form an arithmetic progression is known as harmonic progression. In solving a problem, it would be wise to convert all en terms into arithmetic sequence by getting its reciprocals, Use the formulas in arithmetic sequence and take the reciprocal of resulting value to obtain the equivalent harmonic term for an answer. OTHER RELATED SEQUENCES: 1. Fibonacci Numbers — Named after the Italian merchant and mathematician, Leonardo di Pisa or Fibonacci (Figlio dei Bonacci, “Son of the Bonnaccis”). 1,1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144... Each number is equal to the sum of the two preceding numbers. 2, Lucas Sequence — Named after Edouard Lucas (1841 — 1891). Like the Fibonacci numbers, every term of the Lucas sequence is the sum of the two preceding numbers, “ 1,3, 4,7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 76, 123...Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 99 Figurate Numbers: ‘A. Triangular numbers: Numbers which can be drawn as dots and arranged in triangular shape. 1,3, 6, 10, 15, 21, B. Square numbers: Numbers which can be drawn as dots and arranged in ‘square shape. 1, 4,9, 16, 25, 36, .. C. Gnomons: Numbers which can be drawn as dots on equally long legs of a right angle. 1,3,6, 7,9, 11, ... D. Oblong numbers: Numbers which can be drawn as dots end arranged in a rectangle ohape. 2,6, 12, 20, 30, ... Pentagonal numbers: 4,51 Cubic numbers: 4,8, 2: Tetrahedral numbers: 4,4, 1 1,5,1 1,5,1 Fromm ‘Square pyramidal numbers: i; ‘Supertetrahedral numbers: 5, Tips:1. Diophantine Equations ~ refers to systems of equations ‘where the number of equations is one less the number of unknowns. These equations yield whole number for its answers. This was named after a Greek mathematician, Diophantus (c. 250 AD). . Variation Problems: Variations are expressed in the following: © x-varies directly with y. | x= ky x varies inversely with y where: k = proportionality constant BiB you now that...the eminent German mathematician, Carl Freidrich Gauss’s father is an Accountant and young Carl corrected his father’s spreadsheet at the age of 3! Proceed to the next page for your fifth test. GOODLUCK! ©100 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Time element: 4 hours and 30 minutes ne ene Problem 191: CE Board May 1995 In how many minutes after 2 o'clock will the hands of the clock extend in opposite directions for the first time? 42.4 minutes 42.8 minutes 43.2 minutes 43.6 minutes pom> Problem 192: CE Board November 1995 In how many minutes after 7 o'clock will the hands be directly opposite each other for the first time? A. 5.22 minutes B, 5.33 minutes C. 5.46 minutes D. 5.54 minutes Problem 193: CE Board May 1997 What time after 3 o'clock will the hands of the clock be together for the first time? A. 3:02.30 B. 3:17.37 C. 3:14.32 D. 3:16.36 Problem 194: GE Board February 1997 At what time after 12:00 noon will the hour hand and minute hand of the clock first form an angle of 120°? 12:18.818 12:21.818 12:22.818 12:24.818 com>Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 101 Problem 195: At what time between 8 and 9 o'clock will the minute hand coincide with the hour hand? cone Problem 196: EE Board October 1990 ‘A man left his home at past 3:00 o'clock PM as indicated in his wall clock, between 2 to 3 hours after, he retums home and noticed the hands of the clock interchanged. At what time did the man leave his home? Problem 197: GE Board February 1994 From the time 6:15 PM to the time 7:45 PM of the same day, the minute hand of a standard clock describe an arc of A. 60° B. 90° C. 180° D. 540° Problem 198: EE Board April 1990 A storage battery discharges at a rate which is proportional to the charge. If the charge is reduced by 50% of its original value at the end of 2 days, how long will it take to reduce the charge to 25% of its original charge? 99p> oone Problem 199: ECE Board April 1990 The resistance of a wire varies directly with its length and inversely with its area. Ifa certain piece of wire 10 m long and 0.10 cm in diameter has a resistance of 100 ‘ohms, what will its resistance be if it is uniformly stretched so that its length becomes 12m? 80 90 144 120 gom>102 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 200: CE Board May 1993 Given that “w" varies directly as the product of “x’ and *y” and inversely as the ‘square of “2” and that w = 4 when x = 2, y = 6 and z = 3, Find the value of ‘w’ when x =1,y=4 and z=2. 3 4 = 6 pom> Problem 201: ECE Board November 1993 If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x = 14 when y = 7 and z= 2, find the value of x when y = 16 andz = 4, A 14 Bo 4 c. 16 D8 Problem 202: EE Board March 1998. The electric power which a transmission line can transmit is proportional to the product of its design voltage and current capacity, and inversely to the transmission distance. A 115-kilovolt line rated at 100 amperes can transmit 150 megawatts over 150 km. How much power, in megawatts can a 230 kilovolt line rated at 150 amperes transmit over 100 km? A. 785 B. 485 Cc. 675 D. 595 Problem 203: ME Board October 1992 The time required for an elevator to lift a weight varies directly with the weight and the distance through which it is to be lifted and inversely as the power of the motor. If it takes 30 seconds for a 10 hp motor to lift 100 Ibs through 50 feet, what size of motor is required to lift 800 Ibs in 40 seconds through 40 feet? 42 44 46 48 pom> Problem 204: The selling price of a TV set is double that of its cost. If the TV set was sold toa customer at a profit of 25% of the net cost, how much discount was given to the customer? A. 337% B. 35.7% C. 375%Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 103 D. 34.7% Problem 205: ‘A group of EE examinees decided to hire a mathematics tutor from Excel Review Center and planned to contribute equal amount for the tutor's fee. If there were 10 more examinees, each would have paid P 2 less. However, if there were 5 less examinees, each would have paid P 2 more. How many examinees are there in the group? A 14 B. 16 Cc. 18 D. 20 Problem 206: EE Board March 1998 ‘A bookstore purchased a best selling price book at P 200.00 per copy. At what price should this book be sold so that, giving a 20% discount, the profit is 30%? A P450 B. P500 Cc. P357 D. P400 Problem 207: ECE Board November 1993 Jojo bought a second hand Betamax VCR and then sold it to Rudy at a profit of 40%. Rudy then sold the VCR to Noel at a profit of 20%. if Noe! paid P 2,856 more than it Gost to Jojo, how much did Jojo paid for the unit? A. P4,000 B. P4,100 Cc. P4,200 D. P4,300 Problem 208: EE Board March 1998 Ina certain community of 1,200 people, 60% are literate. Of the males, 50% are literate and of the females 70% are literate. What is the female population? 850 500 550 600 gom> Problem 209: Board March 1996 ‘A merchant has three items on sale, namely a radio for P 60, a clock for P 30 and a flashlight for P 1. At the end of the day, he sold a total of 100 of the three items and has taken exactly P 1,000 on the total sales. How many radios did he sale? A 16 B. 20 Cc. 18104 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas D. 24 Problem 210: ME Board October 1996 The arithmetic mean of a and b is a+ s a ab a a-b SES Problem 211: The sum of three arithmetic means between 34 and 42 is 114 124 134 144 909> Problem 212: EE Board March 1998 Gravity causes a body to fall 16.1 ft in the first second, 48.3 in the 2 second, 80.5 in the 3" second, How far did the body fall during the 10" second? A. 248.7 ft B, 308.1 ft C. 241.5 ft D. 305.9f Problem 213: If the first term of an arithmetic progression is 25 and the fourth term is 13, what is the third term? A 17 B. 18 c. 19 D. 20 Problem 214: ECE Board November 1998 Find the 30" term of the arithmetic progression 4, 7, 10,... 75 88 90 91 ponClock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 105 Problem 215: CE Board May 1993, CE Board May 1994, : CE Board November 1994 How many terms of the progression 3, 5, 7, ... must be taken in order that their sum will be 2600? A 48 B. 49 Cc: 60 D. 51 Problem 216: ME Board April 1995, In a pile of logs, each layer contains one more log than the layer above and the top contains just one log. if there are 105 logs in the pile, how many layers are there? "1 12 13 14 com> Problem 217: CE Board May 1995 ‘What is the sum of the progression 4, 9, 14, 19... up to the 20" term? 1030 1035 1040 1045 pomp Problem 218: EE Board April 1997 A stack of bricks has 61 bricks in the bottom layer, 58 bricks in the second layer, 55 bricks in the third layer, and so on until there are 10 bricks in the last layer. How many bricks are there all together? A. 638 B. 637 C. 639 D. 640 Problem 219: CE Board May 1998 Determine the sum of the progression if there are 7 arithmetic mean between 3 and 35. 71 182 232 216 com>106 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 220: ECE Board April 1995 A besiege fortress is held by 5700 men who have provisions for 66 days. If the garisson losses 20 men each day, for how many days can the provision hold out? A 72 B74 c. 76 D. 78 Problem 221: CE Board May 1991 In the recent “Gulf War’ in the Middle East, the allied forces captured 6400 of ‘Saddam's soldiers and with provisions on hand it will last for 216 meals while feeding 3 meals a day. The provision lasted 9 more days because of daily deaths. At an average, how many died per day? A 15 B. 16 G47. D. 18 Problem 222: GE Board July 1993 A Geodetic Engineering student got a score of 30% on Test 1 of the five number test in Surveying. On the last number he got 90% in which a constant difference more on each number that he had on the immediately preceding one. What was his average score in Surveying? A 50 B. 55 c. 60 D. 65 Problem 223: ME Board April 1999 If the sum is 220 and the first term is 10, find the common difference if the last term is 30. AS? B. 5 Cc. 3 D. 28 Problem 224: EE Board April 1997 Once a month, a man puts some money into the cookie jar. Each month he puts '50 centavos more into the jar than the month before. After 12 years, he counted his money, he had P 5,436. How much money did he put in the jar in the last month? P 73.50 P 75.50 P 74.50 P 72.50 pompClock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 107 Problem 225: EE Board April 1997 A girl on a bicycle coasts downhill covering 4 feet the first second, 12 feet the second second, and in general, 8 feet more each second than the previous second. If she reaches the bottom at the end of 14 seconds, how far did she coasts? A. 782 feet Ro 780 feet C. 784 feet D. 786 feet Problem 226: When all odd numbers from 1 to 101 are added, the result is 2500 2601 2501 3500 gom> Problem 227: How many times will a grandfather's clock strikes in one day if it strikes only at the hours and strike once at 1 o'clock, twice at 2 o'clock , thrice at 3 o'clock and so on? A. 210 B. 24 Cc. 156 D. 300 Problem 228: CE Board May 1992 To conserve energy due to the present energy crisis, the Meralco tried to re- ‘adjust their charges to electrical energy users who consume more than 2000 kw-hrs. For the first 100 kw-hr, they charged 40 centavos and increasing at a constant rate more than the preceding one until the fifth 100 kw-hr, the charge is 76 centavos. How much is the average charge for the electrical energy per 100 kw-hr? A. 58 centavos B. 60 centavos C. 62 centavos D. 64 centavos Problem 229: CE Board November 1993 The 3” term of a harmonic progression is 15 and the 9" term is 6. Find the 11” term. 9om> Noon108 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 230: ECE Board November 1995 Find the fourth term of the progression 1/2 , 0.2, 0.125, ... 4no M1 0.102 0.099 gom> Problem 231: Find the 9" term of the harmonic progression 3, 2, 3/2... 3/5 3/8 415 419 o9m> Problem 232: Find the cum of 4 goomotric moane botwoon 160 and 6. 130 140 150 160 pop> Problem 233: EE Board October 1991 The fourth term of a G. P. is 216 and the 6" term is 1944. Find the 8" term. 17649 17496 16749 17964 pOR> Problem 234: ECE Board April 1999 Determine x so that: x, 2x + 7, 10x — 7 will be a geometric progression. A B. Cc. D. Problem 235: ECE Board April 1999 Fone third of the air in a tank is removed by each stroke of an air pump, what fractional part of the total air is removed in 6 strokes? 0.7122 0.9122 0.6122 0.8122 com>Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 109 Problem 236: ME Board October 1996 A product has a current selling of P 325.00. If its selling price is expected to decline at the rate of 10% per annum because of obsolescence, what will be its selling price four years hence? A. P213.23 B. P 202.75 C. P302.75 D. P 156.00 Problem 237: CE Board May 1995 ‘The numbers 28, x + 2, 112 form a G. P. What is the 10” term? 14336 13463 16433 16344 gom> Problem 238: ECE Board April 1998 ‘The sum of the first 10 terms of a geometric progression 2, 4, 8, 1023 2046 225 1596 gom> Problem 239: If the first term of a'G.P. is 9 and the common ratio is -2/3, find the fifth term. 8/5 16/9 15/7 13/4 pop> Problem 240: EE Board April 1997 The seventh term is 56 and the twelfth term is -1792 of a geometric progression. Find the common ratio and the first term. Assume the ratios are equal. Problem 241: ‘A person has 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great grandparents and so on. How many ancestors during the 15 generations preceding his own, assuming no duplication? A. 131070 B. 65534110 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Cc. 32766 D. 16383 Problem 242: In the PBA three-point shootout contest, the committee decided to give a prize in the following manner: A prize of P1 for the first basket made, P 2 for the second, P 4 for the third, P8 for the fourth and so on. If the contestant wants to win a prize of no less than a million pesos, what is the minimum number of baskets to be converted? A. 20 -B. 19 C48. D. 21 Problem 243: CE Board November 1994 In a benefit show, a number of wealthy men agreed that the first one to arrive would pay 10 centavos to enter and each later arrive would pay twice as much as the preceding man. The total amount collected from all of them was P 104,857.50. How many wealthy men paid? A 18 B. 19 C, 20 Dy 2 Problem 244: ‘Aman mailed 10 chain letters to ten of his friends with a request to continue by sending a similar letter to each of their ten friends. If this continue for 6 sets of letters and if all responded, how much will the Phil. Postal office earn if minimum postage costs P 4 per letter? A. P6,000,000 B. P.60,000 ©. P 2,222,220 D. P4,444,440 Problem 245: EE Board March 1998 0 Determine the sum of the infinite series: S~ 4+ 444 4..4(4 Bo 13 ela 4/5 3/4 213 12 pompClock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 111 Problem 246: Under favorable condition, a single cell bacteria divided into two about every 20 minutes. If the same rate of division is maintained for 10 hours, how many organisms is produced from a single cell? 1,073,741 1,730,74 4,073,741,823 1,037,417 pomp Problem 247: EE Board October 1994 ‘A rubber ball is made to fall from a height of 50 feet and is observed to rebound 2/3 of the distance it falls. How far will the ball travel before coming to rest if the ball continues to fall in this manner? A. 200 feet B. 225 feet C. 260 feet D. 275 feet Problem 248: EE Board April 1990 What is the fraction in lowest term equivalent to 0.133133133? ae 3 oes . & Problem 249: ECE Board April 1998 Find the sum of the infinite geometric progression 6, 9/2 5/2 72 2 pom>112. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 250: CE Board May 1998 Find the sum of 1,-4,-, 25 A. 5/6 B. 2/3 Cc. 084 D. 072 Problem 251: ECE Board November 1998 Find the ratio of an infinite geometric progression if the sum is 2 and the first term is 1/2. A138 B. 12 Cc. 3/4 D. 14 Problem 252: EE Board April 1997 If equal spheres are piled in the form of a complete pyramid with an equilateral triangle as base, find the total number of spheres in the pile if each side of the base contains 4 spheres. A 15 B. 20 Cc. 18 D, 21 Problem 253: Find the 6” term of the sequence 55, 40, 28, 19, 13,... 10 9 8 ct * pom> Problem 254: EE Board October 1997 In the series 1, 1, 1/2, 1/6, 1/24,..., determine the 6" term. 1/80 174 4/100 1120 pODPrClock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 113 Problem 255: ECE Board April 1998 Find the 1987" digit in the decimal equivalent to ee starting from the decimal point. A 8B B14 CAT, D5 ANSWER KEY 208.D. 225. 209.A 226.B 210.A 227.C 211.A 228.4 212.D 229.8 213.A 230.8 214.D 231.A RATING 215.C 232. 216.D 233.8 a 217.A 234.0 O 55-65 Topnotcher 218.C 235.8 [_J s2-54 Passer 219.A 236.A 220.C 237.4 [_] 32-42 conditional 221.0 238.8 222.C 239.8 [_] 0-3 Failed 223.A 240.D 224.A 241.8 If FAILED, repeat the test.114 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas SOLUTIONS TO TEST 5 , Ty) AO Sra ie x= 43.6 minutes x=5+ Ao 5.454 RRM x=15+~ x=154 8 X= 16.36 minutes ‘Thus, the time is 3:16.36" 30 minutes bey "1 = Ea Note: 120 160° x x= 75 +20 x= 21.818 minutes Thus, the time is 12:21.818"Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 115 x=40+% 12 x= 43.6 minutes Thus, the time is 8:43.6" Time when he left his home x 12x =360+15+ — ey x = 31.47 minutes Thus, the time when he left home was 3:31.47". Ri Time when he returned home116 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Let: x= the number of minute difference between 6:15 and 7:45. 6(60) + 15 = 375 minutes ‘7(60) + 45 = 465 minutes 6:1 74 x= 465 — 375 = 90 minutes (somes) x =90 minutes = 640° 30 minutes. FEB 0-1 When D = 2 and C = 0.5CV, k =? 2=k (0.5C) =4 Cc ‘When C = 0.75C, D =? D=k@7KC)= £¢0 750) D =3 days L Rak> rz ar @ Let: V = volume of the wire VEAL; sv wz ®@ Substitute (2) in (1): L wy? Kia & R=k>= 7K kK (L?; kK Vv 1 Note: When the wire was stretched, the diameter was changed but the volume remains constant assuming there was no losses in the process. When R = 100 and L = 10, k’ =? 100 =k’ (10)" eat When L = 12, R=? R=(1 (12 = 144 ohms Te w= 2 When w= 4, x= 2, y =6 andz=3,k=? 26) ey? k=3Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 117 When x= 1, y=4 and z= 2, w=? 1] 5 a { @y | xekt z When x = 14, y= 7 andz=2,k =? taekl 2 k=4 When y = 16 and z= 4, x=? x= of] =16 When P = 150, V = 115, |= 100 and d = 150, k =? 115(100) 150 =k 150 k= 1.956 When V = 230, | = 150 and d = 100, P =? P =1.956. 2301180) - 675 megawatts ws ik When t = 30, W = 100, S = 50 and P =10, k =? _Jaooy50) 20-4 10 | k=0.08 When t= 40, W = 800 and S = 40, P =? 40 =(0. oo oto) P = 48 horsepower 2x (1d) = new selling price New selling price = Net cost + Gain118. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 2xd = 0.75x d= 0.375 or 37.5% Let: x = number of examinees y=tutor’s fee = = original fee shared per examinee If there were 10 more examines who will join, y = (x+10) 2-2 y=ec+10{ 2-2} y=y-2x+12t_29 10y = 2x? +20x y =0.2x? +2x aw@ It here were 5 examinees wno will Dack-out, y=(-8{2-2) by yay+2x-2¥—10 Sy = 2x? -10x y =0.4x? -2x w@ Equate (1) and (2): 0.2x? + 2x = 0.4x? - 2x 4x =0.2x7 x= 20 examinees Let: x = selling price without discount 0.8x = new selling price (with discount) Income — Expenses 0.3 (0.8x) = 0.8x - 200 0.24 x = 0.8x— 200 Let: x= price Jojo paid for the VCR 1.4x = price Rudy paid for the VCR 1.2(1.4x) = price Noel paid for the VCR 1.2(1.4x) = x + 2856 1.68 x= x +285 x=P 4,200Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 119 Let: x= number of men in the population y = number of female in the population x+y= 1200 x= 1200-y we @ 0.5x + 0.7y = 0.6(1200) we @ ‘Substitute (1) in Let: x = number of radios sold out y = number of clocks sold out = number of flashlight sold out xty+z= 100 aw @ 50x + 30y +z = 1000 wr @ Subtract (2) by (1 (60x + 30y + z) ~ (x+y +z) = 1000-100 49x + 28y = 900 ‘Assume x = 16: 49(16) + 29y = 900 y=4 Substitute x = 20 and y = 4 in (1): 16+4+2=100 2=80 Substitute x = 20, y = 4 and z = 80 in (2): 50(16) + 30(4) + 80 = 1000 1000= 1000 1a Check! Thus, x= 16 radios. FBGA Note: Arithmetic mean is the same term as average. Thus, the arithmetic mean of a and bis, a 34, a2, Ay, a4, 42 as Say + 4d 42=34+4d d=2 Thus, a2 = 36, a3 = 38 and a, = 40 Sum = 36 +38 +40 = 114120 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ay = 16.1; a2 = 48.3; ay = 80.5 d= ap—ay = 48.3-16.1= 32.2 aro = a + Od aio = 16.1 + 9(82.2) = 305.9 feet 25; a= 13 ant 3d ag= 25 + 2(-4) = 17 ; a= 7; as = 10 Ry inspection, d= 3 ‘a0 = as + 29d aso = 4 + 29(3) = 91 a1 = 3; @2=5;as=7 By inspection, d = 2 Se ka +(n-1)] 2600 Fee) (n-1p] = $le+2n-2] = $l4+2n] n+? a n? + 2n~ 2600 n+ 51)(n - 50) n=-51 (absurd) n= 50 numbers PAL a =1;d=1;S= 105 oe 105 = le (n-1}] = $+n- d= Shen) oanee n?+n—-210=0 (n- 14)(n + 15) =0 15 (absurd) 4 layers of log ay = 4; a2 = 9; a9 = 14; a4 = 19; = 20 By inspection, d= 5Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 121 S= Soa, +(ns] = 22 2(4)+ 10(6)]= 1030 2 a1 = 61; a2 = 58; as = 55; an = 10 By inspection, d =-3 Qn = ay + (n— 1)d 10 = 61 + (n—1)(- 3) 10 =61-3n+3 n=18 S= plea +(0-t]= 26 + 18-13) S = 639 logs BEEN a2, 20,24, 2, 26 a, a8 95 By inspection: ay n= 95; =74+2=9 S= F(a; +29) $0436) =171 EX Total provision = 5700 (66) = 376,200 Note: a 5700; d = - 20 pla + (0-1) 376,200 = 5 let6700)+ (0 -1(-20)] = 5h 1400 - 20n + 20] 376200 = 5710n - 10n? 37620 = §71n—n* n’ ~571n + 37620=0 (n= 76) (n - 495) n= 495 (absurd) n=76 days Let: x= number of days, the meal can last {otal number of provisions 1umber of days the total provisions can last 1umber of soldiers died per day 28 =72 days S = 6400(72) = 460,800 meals n=72+9= 81 days 3= Spay +(0-tH122 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Note: a; = 6400 Substitute: 460, 800 = e(e400),-804) d= (-)18 soldiers died per day ZB a, = 30; as= 90 as =a; + 4d 90 = 90+ 4d lea +(0- tll = Fl60)+ 418) 2 $=300 Average score = = = 60% 300 = 10; an = 90 (a1 +@n) n 220= 3(10+30) n= ass = a+ 10d 30= 10+ 10d d=2 ELeM d= 0.50; n= 12(12)=144 s = Flea, +(n—-1)] 5436 = ha, +143(0.50)] 5436 = 144a; +5148 ara = P 73.50 EES a= 40-814 S= Flea, + (n-th) = Hara) +19(¢)= 784 feet EES a. -1:0,-101;4-2 an = ay + (n—1)d 101 =1 + (n-1)(2) 101 =1+2n-2Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 123 Ser+109 = 2601 EIR a= 1) 22-2) 0-3; n 12 S= Bay +0q)= (14-12) $=78 a= 12 Note: One day is equivalent to 24 hours. Thus, total = 2(78) = 156 times Zk a: = 40; as= 76 ass a; +4d 76=40+4d d=9 Thus, a2=40+9=49 a3 = 49 +9= 58 a, = 58 +9=67 40449 +68+67+76 _55 contavos as=a;+2d arated ae ars 7e-2d wO a9= ai + 8d seated wr @ 6 Substitute (1) in (2): Lats Br yg 2d 8d 4 do 60 Substitute d in (1) 1 : 1 eek ofa eae (as) 30 an = ay + 10d124 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas # ag=5 fis= 0.125 Fey Sum = 80+ 40+ 20+ 10= 150 ay = 216; ag = 1994 aa art ae = ant? 216=ar wr @O 1994 =a,r° w@ Divide (2) by (1): ag? _ 1944 ar 216Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 125 r=9 r=3 Substitute rin (1): 216 = a,(3) a=8 ae = ay ae = 8(3)' = 17496 a1 =X; a2 = 2x +7; as = 10x-7 Let:_x-= total volume of air in the tank y = total volume removed from the tank after the 6" stroke Volume left after 1" stroke = Volume left after 2 stroke = Volume left after 3 stroke = Note: By inspection, the volume left after each stroke forms a GP whose common ratio r= 4/9 = 2 23 3 ‘Solving for the volume left after the 6” stroke: 6 2,2 say= |x)! -0.08779x azar [2x|2] 9 Thus, the total volume removed after the 6” stroke:126 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas y = x—0.08779x = 0.9122x 325(0.9) = 292.5 st? = (292.5)(0.9)° = P 213.23 ay = 28; a2 =x +2; a= 112 x+2_ 112 28” x42 (x +2)? = 112(28) = 3136 56 Solving for r: pe 825442 a, 2B ato = ayt® = 28(2)°= 14336 ; 82 = 4; a = 8, n= 10 By inspection, n 10 g= al =9. 22"-1) dog T=1 2-1 av=9re-% 4 oy 16)_16 eo Os) as EEG 2, - 55; 2, ar=aite S6ear ar O Divide (2) by (1): ag"! _-1792 ar 56 - 32 ra-2 Substitute rin (1): 56 = ax(-2)° =-1792Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 127 9,534 ancestors Take In on both sides: In 2" = In 1,000,001 nin 2 = In 1,000,001 100,001 In2 n= approximately 20 baskets ars 0.4;r=2 fe 1048575 = 22"-1) 2-1 = 1048575 2° = 1048586 19.93 Take in on both sides: In 2° = In 1048576 nin 2= In 1048576 n= 221048676 - 20 wealthy men In2 a1 = 10;r=10;n=6 By inspection, r =128 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 60 n= 55(10)=30 0 g= CAD. 19 - 1,073,741,823 organisms 10/3 ft Let: D = total distance traveled by ball D=50+2S D = 50 +2(100) = 250 feet 0.133133133133 = 0.133 + 0.000133 + 0.000000133 + Note: The numbers being added are in a GP and 0.133133133133... is the sum of an infinite GP. Solving for the common ratio: 0.000133 __1 0.133 1 1000 1000 FEM estes tact 5 25 By inspection, r=Clock, Variation, Miscellaneous Problems & Progression 129 Total spheres = 10 +6 +3 +1 = 20 spheres B&H LayerI Layer If Layer Ill Layer IV Let: x= the 6” term of the number series 56 28 9 43 ~—- —_A—,— “15 -12 2 - as Thus, x= 13+ (-3)=10 Eka Let: y =the 6” term of the number series 1 digo 1124 Nee Ho es Se x13 a 1f4]_1 Thus, y=7|>)=—— ae ale 120 1785 _ = ede ‘gog9 = 0178517851... 12° This is a repeating digit decimal number Note: The four repeated digits are 1,7,8 & 5. 17 96 75; 496(4) = 1984 rat Thus, 1984" digit = 5 1986" digit = 7 1985" di 1987" digit = 8