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Chapter Two Literature Review: 2.1 Introduction To The Malaysian Education Structure

Malaysia has a structured education system beginning with optional preschool and compulsory primary and secondary education, which is free. After secondary school, students can pursue pre-university qualifications like matriculation or A-levels, or vocational certificates and diplomas. Higher education includes bachelor's, master's and PhD programs. The education system was previously managed by two ministries but is now unified under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Statistics provided include over 5 million students enrolled across nearly 10,000 primary and secondary schools, served by over 420,000 teachers.

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133 views

Chapter Two Literature Review: 2.1 Introduction To The Malaysian Education Structure

Malaysia has a structured education system beginning with optional preschool and compulsory primary and secondary education, which is free. After secondary school, students can pursue pre-university qualifications like matriculation or A-levels, or vocational certificates and diplomas. Higher education includes bachelor's, master's and PhD programs. The education system was previously managed by two ministries but is now unified under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Statistics provided include over 5 million students enrolled across nearly 10,000 primary and secondary schools, served by over 420,000 teachers.

Uploaded by

Paradise Pearls
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter Two

Literature Review
2.1 Introduction to the Malaysian Education Structure
Children in Malaysia begin their education as early as at the age of four at pre-schools although this is
not compulsory. Primary education starts when the child reaches the age of six on the first day of
January of the current school year. Presently, only the six years of primary education is compulsory
while the five years of secondary education will be made compulsory by 2015. The government
provides free education for six years at primary level and five years at secondary level. At the end of
this secondary education, students sit for the public common examination, Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia
(SPM).
Students who want to pursue higher education after the secondary level need to have the required
academic grades and be able to fund their education. School leavers with SPM qualifications can opt to
obtain a pre-university qualification (such as the sixth form, matriculation programmes and GCE 'A'
levels) or study for a certificate or diploma at higher educational institutions. The time needed to
complete a pre-university programme depends on the type of programme - students usually take a year
to complete a matriculation programme or STAM and one-and-a-half to two years for STPM and Alevels.
At higher education phase, study opportunities include certificate, diploma, undergraduate, as well as
postgraduate studies. Undergraduate studies consist of bachelor degrees and professional qualifications
while postgraduate studies offer master degrees and PhDs. Generally, higher education at the diploma
level is for school leavers with a secondary school certificate such as SPM (usually age 17 onwards)
while bachelor degrees require post-secondary qualifications such as STPM or GCE A Levels or other
equivalent pre-university qualifications (usually age 19 onwards).
https://www.studymalaysia.com/education/higher-education-in-malaysia/a-glance-at-the-malaysianeducation-system?gclid=CNya9MGb2c0CFdWKaAodn4EOyw
2.2 Education Governing Authorities
Generally, the Malaysian education structure can be divided into pre-tertiary and tertiary education
levels. Previously, there were two governing authorities in education: the pre-tertiary education sector
(from pre-school to secondary education and teacher education) was placed under the jurisdiction of
the Ministry of Education (MOE), while the higher education sector came under the Ministry of Higher
Education (MOHE). In May 2013, the two ministries were merged as one entity and named the
Ministry of Education Malaysia (or Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia in Malay).
2.3 Statistics of Educational Institute
Number of Schools
Level

Number of Schools

Primary

7769

Secondary

2404

Jumlah
EMIS Data 31 January 2016

10173

Number of Students (Enrolment)


Level

Total

Preschool

200,684

Primary

2,685,403

Secondary

2,188,525

Overall Total

5,074,612

Data APDM 31 Mei 2016

Number of Teachers
Level

Total

Primary

239,850

Secondary

181,978

Total

421,828

Data e-operasi 1 Jun 2016

http://www.moe.gov.my/en/home

2.4 Employee Relation and its Impact on Organization

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