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Introduction To The R Language: Loop Functions - Apply

The apply function in R allows you to apply a function over the margins of an array. It is commonly used to apply a function to each row or column of a matrix. apply takes an array as the first argument, followed by the margin to apply over (1 for row, 2 for column) and the function to apply. This allows functions to be vectorized over the margins of an array in one line rather than using an explicit for loop.

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35 views

Introduction To The R Language: Loop Functions - Apply

The apply function in R allows you to apply a function over the margins of an array. It is commonly used to apply a function to each row or column of a matrix. apply takes an array as the first argument, followed by the margin to apply over (1 for row, 2 for column) and the function to apply. This allows functions to be vectorized over the margins of an array in one line rather than using an explicit for loop.

Uploaded by

Mal Ob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7/30/13

Introduction to the R Language

Introduction to the R Language


LoopFunctions-apply

Roger Peng, Associate Professor


Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

file://localhost/Users/sean/Developer/GitHub/modules/roger/apply/index.html#1

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Introduction to the R Language

apply
applyis used to a evaluate a function (often an anonymous one) over the margins of an array.

It is most often used to apply a function to the rows or columns of a matrix


It can be used with general arrays, e.g. taking the average of an array of matrices
It is not really faster than writing a loop, but it works in one line!

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Introduction to the R Language

apply
> str(apply)
function (X, MARGIN, FUN, ...)

Xis an array
MARGINis an integer vector indicating which margins should be retained.
FUNis a function to be applied
... is for other arguments to be passed to FUN

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file://localhost/Users/sean/Developer/GitHub/modules/roger/apply/index.html#1

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Introduction to the R Language

apply
> x <- matrix(rnorm(200), 20, 10)
> apply(x, 2, mean)
[1] 0.04868268 0.35743615 -0.09104379
[4] -0.05381370 -0.16552070 -0.18192493
[7] 0.10285727 0.36519270 0.14898850
[10] 0.26767260
> apply(x, 1, sum)
[1] -1.94843314 2.60601195 1.51772391
[4] -2.80386816 3.73728682 -1.69371360
[7] 0.02359932 3.91874808 -2.39902859
[10] 0.48685925 -1.77576824 -3.34016277
[13] 4.04101009 0.46515429 1.83687755
[16] 4.36744690 2.21993789 2.60983764
[19] -1.48607630 3.58709251

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file://localhost/Users/sean/Developer/GitHub/modules/roger/apply/index.html#1

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Introduction to the R Language

col/rowsumsandmeans
For sums and means of matrix dimensions, we have some shortcuts.
rowSums= apply(x, 1, sum)
rowMeans= apply(x, 1, mean)
colSums= apply(x, 2, sum)
colMeans= apply(x, 2, mean)
The shortcut functions are much faster, but you wont notice unless youre using a large matrix.

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Introduction to the R Language

OtherWaystoApply
Quantiles of the rows of a matrix.
> x <- matrix(rnorm(200), 20, 10)
> apply(x, 1, quantile, probs = c(0.25, 0.75))
[,1]
[,2]
[,3]
[,4]
25% -0.3304284 -0.99812467 -0.9186279 -0.49711686
75% 0.9258157 0.07065724 0.3050407 -0.06585436
[,5]
[,6]
[,7]
[,8]
25% -0.05999553 -0.6588380 -0.653250 0.01749997
75% 0.52928743 0.3727449 1.255089 0.72318419
[,9]
[,10]
[,11]
[,12]
25% -1.2467955 -0.8378429 -1.0488430 -0.7054902
75% 0.3352377 0.7297176 0.3113434 0.4581150
[,13]
[,14]
[,15]
[,16]
25% -0.1895108 -0.5729407 -0.5968578 -0.9517069
75% 0.5326299 0.5064267 0.4933852 0.8868922
[,17]
[,18]
[,19]
[,20]

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Introduction to the R Language

apply
Average matrix in an array
> a <- array(rnorm(2 * 2 * 10), c(2, 2, 10))
> apply(a, c(1, 2), mean)
[,1]
[,2]
[1,] -0.2353245 -0.03980211
[2,] -0.3339748 0.04364908
> rowMeans(a, dims = 2)
[,1]
[,2]
[1,] -0.2353245 -0.03980211
[2,] -0.3339748 0.04364908

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