ADVANCE CEMENT CONCRETE LAB

MANUAL M.Tech( Structural Engineering ) 1st Semester

Dr Sanjay Gupta
Ph.D. (Structural Engineering), M.Tech( Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering ), B.Tech(Civil Engineering ),Diploma
,MIE,MNSC,MISTE,MSITTE,MIGS,MISSE,MNBC
Associate Professor, Manav Rachna International University,
Faridabad

List of experiment
1. Compressive strength of M-20,M30 and M-35 Grade of cement
2. Effect of water cement ratio on compressive strength of concrete
3. Effect of percentage of sand on compressive strength of concrete
4. Flexural strength of beam
5. split tension strength of concrete
6. rebound hammer test of concrete

Experiment No - 1
TITLE: Compressive strength of M-20,M30 and M-35 Grade of cement

Introduction : The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and

determining their relative amounts with the objective of producing a concrete of the
required, strength, durability, and workability as economically as possible, is termed the
concrete mix design. The proportioning of ingredient of concrete is governed by the
required performance of concrete in 2 states, namely the plastic and the hardened states.
If the plastic concrete is not workable, it cannot be properly placed and compacted. The
property of workability, therefore, becomes of vital importance.
The compressive strength of hardened concrete which is generally considered to be an
index of its other properties, depends upon many factors, e.g. quality and quantity of
cement, water and aggregates; batching and mixing; placing, compaction and curing. The
cost of concrete is made up of the cost of materials, plant and labour. The variations in
the cost of materials arise from the fact that the cement is several times costly than the
aggregate, thus the aim is to produce as lean a mix as possible. From technical point of
view the rich mixes may lead to high shrinkage and cracking in the structural concrete,
and to evolution of high heat of hydration in mass concrete which may cause cracking.
The actual cost of concrete is related to the cost of materials required for producing a
minimum mean strength called characteristic strength that is specified by the designer of
the structure. This depends on the quality control measures, but there is no doubt that the
quality control adds to the cost of concrete. The extent of quality control is often an
economic compromise, and depends on the size and type of job. The cost of labour
depends on the workability of mix, e.g., a concrete mix of inadequate workability may
result in a high cost of labour to obtain a degree of compaction with available equipment.
Requirements of concrete mix design
The requirements which form the basis of selection and proportioning of mix
ingredients are :
a ) The minimum compressive strength required from structural consideration
b) The adequate workability necessary for full compaction with the compacting
equipment available.
c) Maximum water-cement ratio and/or maximum cement content to give
adequate durability for the particular site conditions
d) Maximum cement content to avoid shrinkage cracking due to temperature
cycle in mass concrete.

Types of Mixes
1. Nominal Mixes
In the past the specifications for concrete prescribed the proportions of cement,
fine and coarse aggregates. These mixes of fixed cement-aggregate ratio which
ensures adequate strength are termed nominal mixes. These offer simplicity and
under normal circumstances, have a margin of strength above that specified.
However, due to the variability of mix ingredients the nominal concrete for a
given workability varies widely in strength.
2. Standard mixes
The nominal mixes of fixed cement-aggregate ratio (by volume) vary widely in strength
and may result in under- or over-rich mixes. For this reason, the minimum compressive
strength has been included in many specifications. These mixes are termed standard
mixes.
IS 456-2000 has designated the concrete mixes into a number of grades as M10, M15,
M20, M25, M30, M35 and M40. In this designation the letter M refers to the mix and the
number to the specified 28 day cube strength of mix in N/mm 2. The mixes of grades
M10, M15, M20 and M25 correspond approximately to the mix proportions (1:3:6),
(1:2:4), (1:1.5:3) and (1:1:2) respectively.
3. Designed Mixes
In these mixes the performance of the concrete is specified by the designer but the mix
proportions are determined by the producer of concrete, except that the minimum cement
content can be laid down. This is most rational approach to the selection of mix
proportions with specific materials in mind possessing more or less unique
characteristics. The approach results in the production of concrete with the appropriate
properties most economically. However, the designed mix does not serve as a guide since
this does not guarantee the correct mix proportions for the prescribed performance.
For the concrete with undemanding performance nominal or standard mixes (prescribed
in the codes by quantities of dry ingredients per cubic meter and by slump) may be used
only for very small jobs, when the 28-day strength of concrete does not exceed 30
N/mm2. No control testing is necessary reliance being placed on the masses of the
ingredients.
Factors affecting the choice of mix proportions
The various factors affecting the mix design are:

1. Compressive strength
It is one of the most important properties of concrete and influences many other
describable properties of the hardened concrete. The mean compressive strength required
at a specific age, usually 28 days, determines the nominal water-cement ratio of the mix.
The other factor affecting the strength of concrete at a given age and cured at a prescribed
temperature is the degree of compaction. According to Abrahams law the strength of
fully compacted concrete is inversely proportional to the water-cement ratio.
2. Workability
The degree of workability required depends on three factors. These are the size of the
section to be concreted, the amount of reinforcement, and the method of compaction to be
used. For the narrow and complicated section with numerous corners or inaccessible
parts, the concrete must have a high workability so that full compaction can be achieved
with a reasonable amount of effort. This also applies to the embedded steel sections. The
desired workability depends on the compacting equipment available at the site.
3. Durability
The durability of concrete is its resistance to the aggressive environmental conditions.
High strength concrete is generally more durable than low strength concrete. In the
situations when the high strength is not necessary but the conditions of exposure are such
that high durability is vital, the durability requirement will determine the water-cement
ratio to be used.
4. Maximum nominal size of aggregate
In general, larger the maximum size of aggregate, smaller is the cement requirement for a
particular water-cement ratio, because the workability of concrete increases with increase
in maximum size of the aggregate. However, the compressive strength tends to increase
with the decrease in size of aggregate.
IS 456:2000 and IS 1343:1980 recommend that the nominal size of the aggregate should
be as large as possible.
5. Grading and type of aggregate
The grading of aggregate influences the mix proportions for a specified workability and
water-cement ratio. Coarser the grading leaner will be mix which can be used. Very lean
mix is not desirable since it does not contain enough finer material to make the concrete
cohesive.
The type of aggregate influences strongly the aggregate-cement ratio for the desired
workability and stipulated water cement ratio. An important feature of a satisfactory

aggregate is the uniformity of the grading which can be achieved by mixing different size
fractions.
6. Quality Control
The degree of control can be estimated statistically by the variations in test results. The
variation in strength results from the variations in the properties of the mix ingredients
and lack of control of accuracy in batching, mixing, placing, curing and testing. The
lower the difference between the mean and minimum strengths of the mix lower will be
the cement-content required. The factor controlling this difference is termed as quality
control.

Mix Proportion designations

The common method of expressing the proportions of ingredients of a concrete mix is in
the terms of parts or ratios of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. For e.g., a concrete mix
of proportions 1:2:4 means that cement, fine and coarse aggregate are in the ratio 1:2:4 or
the mix contains one part of cement, two parts of fine aggregate and four parts of coarse
aggregate. The proportions are either by volume or by mass. The water-cement ratio is
usually expressed in mass
Factors to be considered for mix design
The grade designation giving the characteristic strength requirement of concrete.
The type of cement influences the rate of development of compressive strength of
concrete.
Maximum nominal size of aggregates to be used in concrete may be as large as possible
within the limits prescribed by IS 456:2000.
The cement content is to be limited from shrinkage, cracking and creep.
The workability of concrete for satisfactory placing and compaction is related to the size
and shape of section, quantity and spacing of reinforcement and technique used for
transportation, placing and compaction.

Procedure
1. Determine the mean target strength ft from the specified characteristic compressive
strength at 28-day fck and the level of quality control.
ft = fck + 1.65 S

where S is the standard deviation obtained from the Table of approximate contents given
after the design mix.
2. Obtain the water cement ratio for the desired mean target using the emperical relationship
between compressive strength and water cement ratio so chosen is checked against the
limiting water cement ratio. The water cement ratio so chosen is checked against the
limiting water cement ratio for the requirements of durability given in table and adopts
the lower of the two values.
3. Estimate the amount of entrapped air for maximum nominal size of the aggregate from the
table.
4. Select the water content, for the required workability and maximum size of aggregates (for
aggregates in saturated surface dry condition) from table.
5. Determine the percentage of fine aggregate in total aggregate by absolute volume from
table for the concrete using crushed coarse aggregate.
6. Adjust the values of water content and percentage of sand as provided in the table for any
difference in workability, water cement ratio, grading of fine aggregate and for rounded
aggregate the values are given in table.
7. Calculate the cement content form the water-cement ratio and the final water content as
arrived after adjustment. Check the cement against the minimum cement content from the
requirements of the durability, and greater of the two values is adopted.
8. From the quantities of water and cement per unit volume of concrete and the percentage of
sand already determined in steps 6 and 7 above, calculate the content of coarse and fine
aggregates per unit volume of concrete from the following relations:

where V = absolute volume of concrete

= gross volume (1m3) minus the volume of entrapped air
Sc = specific gravity of cement
W = Mass of water per cubic metre of concrete, kg
C = mass of cement per cubic metre of concrete, kg

p = ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume

fa, Ca = total masses of fine and coarse aggregates, per cubic metre of
concrete, respectively, kg, and
Sfa, Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine and coarse
aggregates, respectively
9. Determine the concrete mix proportions for the first trial mix.
10. Prepare the concrete using the calculated proportions and cast three cubes of 150 mm size
and test them wet after 28-days moist curing and check for the strength.
11. Prepare trial mixes with suitable adjustments till the final mix proportions are arrived at.
i) Exposure Moderate
ii) Minimum Cement Content = 300 Kgs/cum
c) Cement
(Refer Table No. 5 of IS:456-2000)
i) Make Chetak (Birla)
ii) Type OPC
iii) Grade 43
d) Workability
i) compacting factor = 0.7
e) Degree of quality control Good
2. TEST DATA FOR MATERIALS SUPPLIED
a) CEMENT
i) Specific gravity = 3.05
ii) Avg. comp. strength 7 days = 46.5 more than 33.0 OK
28 days = 55.0 more than 43.0 OK
b) COARSE AGGREGATE
i) 20mm Graded
Type Crushed stone aggregate
Specific gravity = 2.68
Water absorption = 1.46
Free (surface) moisture = 0

c) FINE AGGREGATE (Coarse sand)

i) Type Natural (Ghaggar)
Specific gravity = 2.6
Water absorption = 0.5
Free (surface) moisture = 1.4

3. TARGET MEAN STRENGTH (TMS)

a) Statistical constant K = 1.65
b) Standard deviation S = 4.6
Thus, TMS = 27.59 N/Sqmm
4. SELECTION OF W/C RATIO
a) As required for TMS = 0.5
b) As required for Moderate Exposure = 0.55
Assume W/c ratio of 0.5
5. DETERMINATION OF WATER & SAND CONTENT
For W/C = 0.6
C.F. = 0.8
Max. Agg. Size of 20 mm
a) Water content = 186 Kg/cum
b) Sand as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume = 35 %

Thus,
Net water content = 180.42 Kg/cum
Net sand percentage = 33 %

6. DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT

W/c ratio = 0.5
Water content = 180.42 Kg/cum
Thus, Cement content = 360.84 Kg/cum Adequate for moderate exposure Say 360
Kg/cum
7. DETERMINATION OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATE CONTENT
Assume entrapped air as 2 %
Thus,
0.98 cum = [180.42+360/3.05 + {1/0.33}*{fa/2.6}]/1000
& 0.98 cum = [180.42+360/3.05 + {1/0.67}*{Ca/2.68}]/1000
Hence,
fa = 584 Kg/cum
Ca = 1223.8 Kg/cum
The final mix proportions of M-20 grade of concrete become:-

Note: 1 The above recommended mix design must be verified, by actual cube tests.
2 The mix design is based on the quality and grading of the materials actually supplied,
by the client.
Any variation in quality and gradation will result in changes in the mix design.

Grade of Concrete : M35

Characteristic Strength (Fck) : 35 Mpa
Standard Deviation : 1.91 Mpa*
Target Mean Strength : T.M.S.= Fck +1.65 x S.D.
(from I.S 456-2000) = 35+ 1.651.91
= 38.15 Mpa
Test Data For Material:
Aggregate Type : Crushed
Specific Gravity
Cement : 3.15
Coarse Aggregate : 2.67
Fine Aggregate : 2.62
Water Absorption:
Coarse Aggregate : 0.5%
Fine Aggregate : 1.0 %
MIX DESIGN
Take Sand content as percentage of total aggregates = 36%
Select Water Cement Ratio = 0.43 for concrete grade M35
(From Fig 2. of I.S. 10262- 1982)
Select Water Content = 172 Kg
(From IS: 10262 for 20 mm nominal size of aggregates Maximum Water Content = 186
Kg/ M3 )
Hence, Cement Content= 172 / 0.43 = 400 Kg / M3
Formula for Mix Proportion of Fine and Coarse Aggregate:
1000(1-a0) = {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +(Fa / Sp. Gr.* Pf
)}

1000(1-a0) = {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +Ca / Sp. Gr.* Pc
)}
Where Ca = Coarse Aggregate Content
Fa = Fine Aggregate Content
Pf = Sand Content as percentage of total Aggregates
= 0.36
Pc = Coarse Aggregate Content as percentage of total Aggregates.
= 0.64
a0 = Percentage air content in concrete (As per IS :10262 for 20 mm nominal size of
aggregates air content is 2 %) = 0.02
Hence, 1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Fa / 2.62 x 0.36)}
Fa = 642 Kg/ Cum
As the sand is of Zone II no adjustment is required for sand.
Sand Content = 642 Kg/ Cum
1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Ca / 2.67 x 0.64)}
Hence, Ca = 1165 Kg/ Cum
From combined gradation of Coarse aggregates it has been found out that the proportion
of 53:47 of 20 mm & 10 mm aggregates produces the best gradation as per IS: 383.
Hence, 20 mm Aggregates = 619 Kg
And 10 mm Aggregates = 546 Kg
Hence the Mix Proportion becomes:
Cem
400
1

W/C
0.43

Units Kg/ M3

Water
172
0.43

Sand
635
1.6

20mm
619
1.547

10mm
564
1.36

Admix
1.2
0.003

Cement : Sand: Coarse Aggregates = 1 : 1.6 : 2.907

M20 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-1Stipulations for Proportioning
1 Grade Designation
M20
OPC 53 grade confirming to IS2
Type of Cement
12269-1987
3 Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
20 mm
Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H
4
1700-3 A)
250 kg/m3
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H
5
1700-3 A)
0.5
6 Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
25 mm (Slump)
7 Exposure Condition
Normal
8 Degree of Supervision
Good
9 Type of Aggregate
Crushed Angular Aggregate
Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
10
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
Superplasticiser Confirming to IS11
Chemical Admixture Type
9103
A-2Test Data for Materials
1 Cement Used
Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2 Sp. Gravity of Cement
3.15
3 Sp. Gravity of Water
1.00
4 Chemical Admixture
Not Used
5 Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate
2.884
6 Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate
2.878
7 Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
8 Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate
0.97%
9 Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate
0.83%
10 Water Absorption of Sand
1.23%
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm
11
Aggregate
nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm
12
Aggregate
nil
13 Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse
14
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done

Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse

Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
15 Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
A-3Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1 Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 30N/mm2
2 Characteristic Strength @ 28 days
20N/mm2
A-4Selection of Water Cement Ratio
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H
1
1700-3 A)
0.5
2 Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.5
A-5Selection of Water Content
1 Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2 Estimated Water content for 25 mm Slump 145 Lit.
3 Superplasticiser used
nil
A-6Calculation of Cement Content
1 Water Cement Ratio
0.5
2 Cement Content (145/0.5)
290 kg/m3
Which is greater then 250 kg/m3
A-7Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1 Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262
62.00%
2 Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate
65.00%
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.65) 35.00%
A-8Mix Calculations
1 Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
3
2 Volume of Cement in m
0.09
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
3 Volume of Water in m3
0.145
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
4 Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3
nil
(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of
Admixture)x1000
5 Volume of All in Aggregate in m3
0.763
Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6 Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3
0.496
Sr. no. 5 x 0.65
7 Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3
0.267
Sr. no. 5 x 0.35
15

A-9Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)

1 Mass of Cement in kg/m3
290
3
2 Mass of Water in kg/m
145
3
3 Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m
696
3
4 Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m
1429
3
Mass of 20 mm in kg/m
1029
3
Mass of 10 mm in kg/m
400
3
5 Mass of Admixture in kg/m
nil
6 Water Cement Ratio
0.5

M-30 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-1Stipulations for Proportioning
1 Grade Designation
M30
OPC 53 grade confirming to IS2
Type of Cement
12269-1987
3 Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
20 mm
Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 17004
3 A)
310 kg/m3
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H
5
1700-3 A)
0.45
6 Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
50-75 mm (Slump)
7 Exposure Condition
Normal
8 Degree of Supervision
Good
9 Type of Aggregate
Crushed Angular Aggregate
Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
10
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
Superplasticiser Confirming to IS11
Chemical Admixture Type
9103
A-2Test Data for Materials
1 Cement Used
Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2 Sp. Gravity of Cement
3.15
3 Sp. Gravity of Water
1.00
4 Chemical Admixture
BASF Chemicals Company
5 Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate
2.884
6 Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate
2.878
7 Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
8 Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate
0.97%

9
10
11
12
13

Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate

0.83%
Water Absorption of Sand
1.23%
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse
14
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse
15
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
15 Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
A-3Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1 Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 42N/mm2
2 Characteristic Strength @ 28 days
30N/mm2
A-4Selection of Water Cement Ratio
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H
1
1700-3 A)
0.45
2 Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.42
A-5Selection of Water Content
1 Maximum Water content (10262-table-2)
186 Lit.
Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm
2
Slump
160 Lit.
3 Superplasticiser used
0.5 % by wt. of cement
A-6Calculation of Cement Content
1 Water Cement Ratio
0.42
2 Cement Content (160/0.42)
380 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
A-7Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1 Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262
62.00%
2 Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate
62.00%
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62)
38.00%
A-8Mix Calculations
1 Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
3
2 Volume of Cement in m
0.12
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
3 Volume of Water in m3
0.160
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
4 Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3
0.00160

(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of

Admixture)x1000
5 Volume of All in Aggregate in m3
0.718
Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6 Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3
0.445
Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
7 Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3
0.273
Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
A-9Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1 Mass of Cement in kg/m3
380
3
2 Mass of Water in kg/m
160
3
3 Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m
711
3
4 Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m
1283
3
Mass of 20 mm in kg/m
924
3
Mass of 10 mm in kg/m
359
3
5 Mass of Admixture in kg/m
1.90
6 Water Cement Ratio

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1 Grade Designation
M35
OPC 53 grade confirming to IS2
Type of Cement
12269-1987
3 Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
20 mm
Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H
4
1700-3 A)
310 kg/m3
Maximum Water Cement Ratio
5
(MORT&H 1700-3 A)
0.45
6 Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
50-75 mm (Slump)
7 Exposure Condition
Normal
8 Degree of Supervision
Good
9 Type of Aggregate
Crushed Angular Aggregate
Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
10
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
Superplasticiser Confirming to IS11
Chemical Admixture Type
9103

A-2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
A-3
1
2
A-4
1
2
A-5
1
2
3
A-6
1
2
A-7

Test Data for Materials

Cement Used
Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
Sp. Gravity of Cement
3.15
Sp. Gravity of Water
1.00
Chemical Admixture
BASF Chemicals Company
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate
2.884
Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate
2.878
Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate
0.97%
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate
0.83%
Water Absorption of Sand
1.23%
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm
Aggregate
nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm
Aggregate
nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
Sp.Gravity of Combined Coarse
Aggregates
2.882
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 47N/mm2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days
35N/mm2
Selection of Water Cement Ratio
Maximum Water Cement Ratio
(MORT&H 1700-3 A)
0.45
Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.4
Selection of Water Content
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm
Slump
160 Lit.
Superplasticiser used
0.5 % by wt. of cement
Calculation of Cement Content
Water Cement Ratio
0.4
Cement Content (160/0.42)
400 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content

1
2

Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262

62.00%
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate
62.00%
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62) 38.00%
A-8 Mix Calculations
1 Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
3
2 Volume of Cement in m
0.13
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
3 Volume of Water in m3
0.160
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
4 Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3
0.00168
(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of
Admixture)x1000
5 Volume of All in Aggregate in m3
0.711
Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6 Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3
0.441
Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
7 Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3
0.270
Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
A-9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1 Mass of Cement in kg/m3
400
3
2 Mass of Water in kg/m
160
3
3 Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m
704
3
4 Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m
1271
3
Mass of 20 mm in kg/m
915
3
Mass of 10 mm in kg/m
356
3
5 Mass of Admixture in kg/m
2.00
6 Water Cement Ratio
0.40

Experiment -2 : Effect of water cement ratio on compressive strength of concrete

EXPERIMENTAL Number -02

Title: Effect of water cement ratio on compressive strength of

concrete
Procedure : A 6 kg weight of fine aggregate was weighed on a 15cm
x15cmx15cm pan physical balance and then poured into a wheel barrow. Three
kilogram of cement was added and it was thoroughly mixed with the sand. Also,
a 12 kg weight of gravel was measured and added to mix. Water-cement ratios of
0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70 and 0.80 (having respective water quantities of 650cl,
1800cl, 1950cl, 2100cl, and 2400cl) were then used with the aggregates. With
the addition of water into the mix, the whole mix was then mixed thoroughly into a
fine paste. Meanwhile, the concrete moulds/c cubes were oiled (lubricated) to
prevent the
concrete from sticking to them and for easy de-moulding.The concrete was then
poured into the cube and placed on the compacting machine, which when
switched on vibrated the cubes, making the concrete to lose the trapped air in
the mix. This was allowed for 2 minutes before the switching off. The excess
concrete was cleared from the surface with the aid of the travel and the cubes
were marked for easy identification to prevent mixup.These processes were
repeate d for casting lateritic concrete but the sand was replaced with laterite.
After the casting of the cubes, they were allowed to set and harden for 24 hours
before de-moulding. The cubes were then covered with polythene
sheets to prevent excess evaporation.After de-moulding the cubes were placed
in a curing tank for specified numbers of days (i.e., 7,14, 28 days,respectively).
At each specified period of days, the cubes were crushed to determine the
compressive strength of the concretes. The bearing surfaces of the crushing
machine were wiped clean and the test cubes well placed for the load to be

applied to the opposite side of the cube as casted. Also, the axes of the cubes
were carefully aligned in the centre of the plates
Slump Test: A means of evaluating workability of concrete is the slump test.
Slump is the distance through which a cone full of concrete drops when
the cone is lifted. The apparatus used for the slump test are tamping rod, a cone,
measuring rule, scoop, straight edge and a clean platform. Cement, sand, gravel
,and laterite of 3 kg were used. 12 kg weight of gravel was measured and added
to mix. Water-cement ratios of 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70,and 8.0 were then used with
the aggregates. The specific gravity of sand, gravel and cement are 2.5, 3.5,and
3.142,respectively.
The mix proportion used is 1:2:4 and batching was by weight. The mould for the
slump test is a frustrum or cone whose inside was moist ened; it was placed on a
smooth surface with the smaller opening at the top, and filled with concrete in
three layers. Each layer was tapped twenty five times with a standard 16 mm
diameter steel rod, rounded at the end as the tamping rod. The mould was
firmly held against its base during the test, this was facilitated by handles or foo
t-rest brazed to the mould Immediately after filling, the cone was slowly lifted
and the unsupported concret e then slumped. The decrease in the height of the
concrete was then measured. Concrete which incidentally dropped
immediately around the base of the cone was cleaned .
Effect of Water-Cement Ratios on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Table 1 shows the variation of the variations of weight, density and
crushing/compressive strength of concrete mixes with water-cement ratios. It was
observed that the weight, density and compressive strength of the concrete
cubes decrease with increase in water -cement ratio. However, the compressive
strength was observed to increase with age; after casting the concrete mixes, the
compressive strength increases as the number of curing day increases. This
shows that the water-cement ratio is the main determinant of the weight, density
and crushing strength of the concrete cube.
The plot of compressive strength of the concrete mixes versus water-cement
ratio and compressive strength graph can be plotted . For the respective watercement ratio, the compressive strength was observed to be highest at 28 days
after casting. Also, during each testing, the compressive strength of the concrete
mixes was observed to be highest at 0.55 water-cement ratio.
Variations of Weight, Density, and Compressive Strength of Concrete
Mixes with Water-Cement Ratio.
S/N

1
2
3
4
5
6

Mix
proportion

Water
cement
ratio

Date of
casting

Age
days

Weigh
t
of
cubes

Density
of
cubes

Crushing
of loads

Compressiv
e strength

Remarks

7
8
9
10
11
Flexural Strength of Concrete (The Modulus of Rupture Test)
Concrete pavement carries load as a simple , plain, (non-reinforced) concrete
beam. The strength of the concrete in flexure is the most
Important requirement. In previous labs then primary interest has been the
compressive strength of concrete. This strength is used in the structural design of
reinforced concrete, where tension, in which concrete is very weak, is assumed
to be taken entirely by the reinforcing steel.
The rebars in concrete pavement are not important from the point of view of
bending stresses. There are dowel bars at joints and possibly shrinkage control
bars. As the correlation between it and compressive strength is only
approximate, it is usually measured directly and many specifications for concrete
pavement specify only the flexural strength of the concrete, and not the
compressive. The flexural strength is referred to as the modulus of rupture of the
concrete.
Fibre reinforcement of concrete mixes has been in use for over 20 years mainly
to provide added resistance to crack propagation and improve its resistance to
failure in tension.
In this lab, half the class will cast and test concrete beams in in flexure while the
other half does the same, only with polypropylene fibres added to the mix. This
will enable the class to determine whether or not the addition of fibre
reinforcement had a significant effect on the flexural strength of the mix.
PROCEDURE
A. Mixing and Casting
1. Each group will cast one 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm (6" x 6") x 914.4 mm (36")
beam and two 101.6 mm x 203.2 mm mini cylinders.
2. The mix proportions are shown in Table 1.Calculate the quantity required for
the beams and cylinders. An extra 15% should be allowed for waste and also as
a margin for possible error in the assumed density of the concrete. The volume of
the air test container is 7.079 10-3 m3 . If a density of 2350 kg/m3 is assumed,
this calculation can be done in advance to save time in the laboratory.
3. After making the moisture determinations on the aggregates and correcting for
them, each group will mix a batch. Groups 1 to 4 will add 25 grams of
polypropylene fibres to their batch. The laboratory mixers being us ed must first
be dampened, spraying the insides of the mixer with water from the hose and
making sure that all sides of the paddles are moistened then finally turning the
mixer to the drain position for at least three minutes.
4. The slump, fresh density and air content ofthe concrete should be measured
and then the beam and cylinders should be cast by ro
or vibrating depending on the slump.

5. The procedure for casting the beams is as follows: Vibration (Slump less than
80 mm): One layer is used and the mold is over-filled so that after consolidation
the top of the concrete will be slightly above the edge of the mold. Vibrate the
concrete along the centreline of the mold at not less than 150 mm intervals.
Be careful not to touch the sides or bottom of the mold with the vibrator. Remove
the vibrator slowly after each insertion to eliminate voids. After vibrating, tap the
sides of the mold gently to dislodge any air bubbles.
Roding (Slump greater than 80 mm): Two equal layers will be used. The number
of roddings per layer is specified as one for each 14 cm2 of surface area of the
beam. After Roding each layer spade around the sides of the beam with a trowel.
Table 1 Mix Design Proportions Design SSD Masses (kg) SSD Mass for
Required 1 m3(kg) SSD Mass for Required
Volume (kg) ,Cement 20.676 ,Water 9.924 .CA 30.686 ,FA 38.714 ,Total 100.000
2350 3
6. The tops of the cylinders should be finished in the normal manner. The beams
are to be struck off level, finished with a sponge float and covered with plastic.
7. The following working day each group must strip and tag their beams and
cylinders and place them in the curing tanks, unless otherwise instructed.
B. Flexural Testing of the Beams
(After one week of curing)
1. The beam will be tested on its side relative to the position in which it was cast.
2. The span should be 457.2 mm (3 times the depth). The load should be applied
to the specimen at the third points as illustrate
d in Figure 1 (152.4 mm from each support).
3. The specimen should not be removed from the curing tank until just before
testing .
Even a small amount of drying can adversely a ffect the results. Two tests will be
made on each beam. Therefore, for the first test, po
sition the beam with one end about 30 mm from the support.
4. The points of support and loading should be marked on the beam.
5. The test should be carried out at a rate of loading indicated by the instructor.
6. After the load test, the average depth and width of the specimen at the failure
section must be measured to the nearest mm.
Figure 1 Third-Point Loading Proportion Requirements for PCC Flexural
Strength Test 4C: Testing of Cylinders 1. After determining the hardened density
ofthe cylinders, they should be capped and tested in compression in the usual
manner.
CALCULATIONS
1. The modulus of rupture is calculated as follows:
CASE I
where fracture occurs within the middle third of the span: 2dbLP=R
where R = modulus of rupture in kPa P = maximum load in kN
L = span length (457.2 mm) in metres
b = average width in metres
d = average depth in metres
CASE II

where fracture occurs outside the middle third of the span as measured along the
beam bottom by no more than 5% of the span length (grace zone):
2dbaP3=R
where
a = distance in metres of the fracture from the nearest support measured along
the bottom centre line of the beam...
if left support is closest, record as positive, if right support is closest, record as
negative
CASE III where fracture occurs more than 5%outside the middle third, the results
of the test are discarded (i.e. the test is indeterminate).
2. The constant k , which is sometimes used in converting compressive strength
to modulus of rupture is calculated as follows: cf1000Rk2

5
where
f'c = compressive strength in MPa
R = modulus of rupture in kPa
REPORT
1.
Visit
the
website
for
the
Ontario
Provincial
Standards:
http://www.ops.on.ca/home.asp and select Online Standards or click on the
OPS link on the instructors homepage. Using the standards indicated on the
Report Forms, fill in the required information for the report. The National
Research Council website should also be examined as it relates to fibre
reinforcement in concrete mixes (http://irc.nrc-nrc.gc.ca/pubs/cbd/cbd223print_e.html
).
2.The diagram in Datasheet 7.6b must be dimensioned and the fracture lines
accurately drawn thereon and their distance to the nearest support dimensioned.
The appearance of the specimens after stripping should also be reported,
indicating whether there was any
honeycombing, large air bubbles, etc.
3.The average Modulus of Rupture value obtained by your group should be
evaluated in the report against the OPS criterion.
4.A tabular summary of the class results (posted on the instructors webs ite)
should also be presented in the report with
the non-reinforced data grouped separately from the fibre reinforced data.
5.Finally, a non-paired statistical comparison should be made (instr
uctions and examples posted on the instructors we bsite) on the Modulus of
Rupture data to determine whether or not the fibre reinforcement had a
statistically significant effect.

Experiment number -06

AIM : METHODS OF PROPORTIONING CONCRETE
The process of relative proportions of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water, so as to
obtain a concrete of desired quality is known as the proportioning of concrete.
The proportions of coarse aggregate, cement and water should be such that the resulting
concrete has the following properties:
1. When concrete is fresh, it should have enough workability so that it can be placed
in the formwork economically.
2. The concrete must possess maximum density or in the other words, it should be
strongest and most water-tight.
3. The cost of materials and labour required to form concrete should be minimum.
The determination of the proportions of cement, aggregates and water to obtain the
required strengths shall be made as follows:
a) By desigining the concrete mix, such concrete shall be called design mix concrete, or
b) By adopting nominal mix, such concrete shall be called nominal mix concrete.

Design mix concrete is preferred to nominal mix.

Concrete of each grade shall be analysed separately to determine its standard
deviation.

Standard Deviation
Where, = deviation of the individual test strength from the average strength of n
samples.
n = Number of sample test results.
METHODS OF PROPORTIONING CONCRETE
(1) Arbitrary Method
The general expression for the proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregate is 1 : n :
2n by volume.
1 : 1 : 2 and 1 : 1.2 : 2.4 for very high strength.
1 : 1.5 : 3 and 1 : 2 : 4 for normal works.
1 : 3 : 6 and 1 : 4 : 8 for foundations and mass concrete works.
Recommended Mixes of Concrete
The concrete as per IS 456: 2000, the grades of concrete lower than M20 are not to be
used in RCC work.
M10
M15
M20
M25

1:3:6
1:2:4
1 : 1.5 : 3
1:1:2

(2) Fineness Modulus Method:

The term fineness modulus is used to indicate an index number which is roughly
proportional to the average size of the particle in the entire quantity of aggregates.
The fineness modulus is obtained by adding the percentage of weight of the material
retained on the following sieve and divided by 100.
The coarser the aggregates, the higher the fineness modulus.
Sieve is adopted for:
All aggregates : 80 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, and Nos. 480, 240, 120, 60, 30 and 15.

Coarse aggregates : mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, and No. 480.

Fine aggregates : Nos. 480, 240, 120, 60, 30 and 15.
Proportion of the fine aggregate to the combined aggregate by weight

Where, P = desired fineness modulus for a concrete mix of fine and coarse aggregates.
= fineness modulus of fine aggregate
= fineness modulus of coarse aggregate.
(3) Minimum Void Method (Does not give satisfactory result)
The quantity of sand used should be such that it completely fills the voids of coarse
aggregate. Similarly, the quantity of cement used shown such that it fills the voids of
sand, so that a dense mix the minimum voids is obtained.
In actual practice, the quantity of fine aggregate used in the mix is about 10% more than
the voids in the coarse aggregate and the quantity of cement is kept as about 15% more
than the voids in the fine aggregate.
(4) Maximum Density Method: (Not very Popular)

Where, D = maximum size of aggregate (i.e. coarse aggregate)

P = percentage of material finer than diameter d (by weight)
d = maximum size of fine aggregate.
A box is filled with varying proportions of fine and coarse aggregates. The proportion
which gives heaviest weight is then adopted.
(5) Water Cement Ratio Method:
According to the water cement ratio law given by Abram as a result of many
experiments, the strength of well compacted concrete with good workability is dependent
only on the ratio.

The lower water content produces stiff paste having greater binding property and
hence the lowering the water-cement ratio within certain limits results in the
increased strength.
Similarly, the higher water content increases the workability, but lower the
strength of concrete.
The optimum water-cement ratio for the concrete of required compressive
strength is decided from graphs and expressions developed from various
experiments.
Amount of water less than the optimum water decreases the strength and about
10% less may be insufficient to ensure complete setting of cement. An increase of
10% above the optimum may decrease the strength approximately by 15% while
an increase in 50% may decrease the strength to one-half.
According to Abrams Law water-cement law, lesser the water-cement ratio in a
workable mix greater will be the strength.
If water cement ratio is less than 0.4 to 0.5, complete hydration will not be
secured.
Some practical values of water cement ratio for structure reinforced concrete

0.45 for 1 : 1 : 2 concrete

0.5 for 1 : 1.5 : 3 concrete
0.5 to 0.6 for 1 : 2 : 4 concrete.
Concrete vibrated by efficient mechanical vibrators require less water cement ratio, and
hence have more strength.
Thumb Rules for deciding the quantity of water in concrete:
(i) Weight of water = 28% of the weight of cement + 4% of the weight of total aggregate
(ii) Weight of water = 30% of the weight of cement + 5% of the weight of total aggregate

AIM: M-20 ,30,40CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

M-20 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1 Grade Designation
2

M20
OPC 53 grade confirming to IS12269-1987
20 mm

Type of Cement
3 Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H
4
1700-3 A)
250 kg/m3
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H
5
1700-3 A)
0.5
6 Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
25 mm (Slump)
7 Exposure Condition
Normal
8 Degree of Supervision
Good
9 Type of Aggregate
Crushed Angular Aggregate
Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
10
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
Superplasticiser Confirming to IS11
Chemical Admixture Type
9103
A-2 Test Data for Materials
1 Cement Used
Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2 Sp. Gravity of Cement
3.15
3 Sp. Gravity of Water
1.00
4 Chemical Admixture
Not Used
5 Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate
2.884
6 Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate
2.878
7 Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
8 Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate
0.97%
9 Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate
0.83%
10 Water Absorption of Sand
1.23%
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm
11
Aggregate
nil
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm
12
Aggregate
nil
13 Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse
14
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse
15
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
15 Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882

16 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates

Separate Analysis Done
A-3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1 Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 30N/mm2
2 Characteristic Strength @ 28 days
20N/mm2
A-4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H
1
1700-3 A)
0.5
2 Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.5
A-5 Selection of Water Content
1 Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2 Estimated Water content for 25 mm Slump 145 Lit.
3 Superplasticiser used
nil
A-6 Calculation of Cement Content
1 Water Cement Ratio
0.5
2 Cement Content (145/0.5)
290 kg/m3
Which is greater then 250 kg/m3
A-7 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1 Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262
62.00%
2 Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate
65.00%
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.65) 35.00%
A-8 Mix Calculations
1 Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
3
2 Volume of Cement in m
0.09
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
3 Volume of Water in m3
0.145
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
4 Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3
nil
(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of
Admixture)x1000
5 Volume of All in Aggregate in m3
0.763
Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6 Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3
0.496
Sr. no. 5 x 0.65
7 Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3
0.267
Sr. no. 5 x 0.35
A-9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1 Mass of Cement in kg/m3
290

2
3
4

5
6

Mass of Water in kg/m3

Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3
Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3
Mass of 10 mm in kg/m3
Mass of Admixture in kg/m3
Water Cement Ratio

145
696
1429
1029
400
nil
0.5

M-30 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009

M-30 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1 Grade Designation

M30

OPC 53 grade confirming to ISType of Cement

12269-1987
3 Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
20 mm
Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 17004
3 A)
310 kg/m3
Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H
5
1700-3 A)
0.45
6 Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
50-75 mm (Slump)
7 Exposure Condition
Normal
8 Degree of Supervision
Good
9 Type of Aggregate
Crushed Angular Aggregate
Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
10
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
Superplasticiser Confirming to IS11
Chemical Admixture Type
9103
A-2 Test Data for Materials
1 Cement Used
Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2 Sp. Gravity of Cement
3.15
3 Sp. Gravity of Water
1.00
4 Chemical Admixture
BASF Chemicals Company
5 Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate
2.884
6 Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate
2.878
7 Sp. Gravity of Sand
2.605
8 Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate
0.97%
9 Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate
0.83%
10 Water Absorption of Sand
1.23%
11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12 Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13 Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse
14
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse
15
Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
15 Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
Separate Analysis Done
A-3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1 Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 42N/mm2
2 Characteristic Strength @ 28 days
30N/mm2
A-4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H0.45
2

1700-3 A)
2 Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.42
A-5 Selection of Water Content
1 Maximum Water content (10262-table-2)
186 Lit.
Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm
2
Slump
160 Lit.
3 Superplasticiser used
0.5 % by wt. of cement
A-6 Calculation of Cement Content
1 Water Cement Ratio
0.42
2 Cement Content (160/0.42)
380 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
A-7 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1 Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262
62.00%
2 Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate
62.00%
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62)
38.00%
A-8 Mix Calculations
1 Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
3
2 Volume of Cement in m
0.12
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
3 Volume of Water in m3
0.160
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
4 Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3
0.00160
(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of
Admixture)x1000
5 Volume of All in Aggregate in m3
0.718
Sr. no. 1 (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6 Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3
0.445
Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
7 Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3
0.273
Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
A-9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1 Mass of Cement in kg/m3
380
3
2 Mass of Water in kg/m
160
3
3 Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m
711
3
4 Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m
1283
3
Mass of 20 mm in kg/m
924
3
Mass of 10 mm in kg/m
359

5
6

Mass of Admixture in kg/m3

Water Cement Ratio

1.90
0.42

Mix Design M-40 Grade

The mix design M-40 grade for Pier (Using Admixture Fosroc) provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as
per the location and other factors.
Parameters for mix design M40
Grade
Designation
=
M-40
Type
of
cement
=
O.P.C-43
grade
Brand
of
cement
=
Vikram
(
Grasim
)
Admixture
=
Fosroc
(
Conplast
SP
430
G8M
)
Fine
Aggregate
=
Zone-II
Sp.
Gravity
Cement
=
3.15
Fine
Aggregate
=
2.61
Coarse
Aggregate
(20mm)
=
2.65
Coarse
Aggregate
(10mm)
=
2.66
Minimum
Cement
(As
per
contract)
=
400
kg
/
m3
Maximum water cement ratio (As per contract) = 0.45
Mix Calculation: 1. Target Mean Strength = 40 + (5 X 1.65) = 48.25 Mpa
2.
Selection
of
Assume water cement ratio = 0.4

water

3.
Calculation
of
cement
Assume
cement
content
400
(As per contract Minimum cement content 400 kg / m3)

cement
content:
kg
/

ratio:m3

4.
Calculation
of
water:
400 X 0.4 = 160 kg Which is less than 186 kg (As per Table No. 4, IS: 10262)
Hence o.k.

5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: As per IS : 10262 , Cl. No. 3.5.1
V = [ W + (C/Sc) + (1/p) . (fa/Sfa) ] x (1/1000)
V = [ W + (C/Sc) + {1/(1-p)} . (ca/Sca) ] x (1/1000)
Where
V = absolute volume of fresh concrete, which is equal to gross volume (m 3) minus the
volume of entrapped air ,
W = mass of water ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,
C = mass of cement ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,
Sc = specific gravity of cement,
(p) = Ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume ,
(fa) , (ca) = total mass of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (kg) per m 3 of
Concrete respectively, and
Sfa , Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate
respectively.
As per Table No. 3 , IS-10262, for 20mm maximum size entrapped air is 2% .
Assume F.A. by % of volume of total aggregate = 36.5 %
0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.365 ) ( Fa / 2.61 )] ( 1 /1000 )
=> Fa = 660.2 kg
Say Fa = 660 kg.
0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.635 ) ( Ca / 2.655 )] ( 1 /1000 )
=> Ca = 1168.37 kg.
Say Ca = 1168 kg.
Considering 20 mm : 10mm = 0.6 : 0.4
20mm
10mm = 467 kg .

701

kg

Hence Mix details per m3

Cement
=
Water
=
Fine
aggregate
Coarse
aggregate
20
Coarse
aggregate
10
Admixture
=
0.6
%
by
Recron 3S = 900 gm

400
160
=
mm
mm
weight
of

660
=
=
cement

701
467
=
2.4

kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg.

Water: cement: F.A.: C.A. = 0.4: 1: 1.65: 2.92

Observation:
A.
Mix
was
cohesive
and
homogeneous.
B.
Slump
=
110mm
C.
No.
of
cube
casted
=
12
Nos.
7
days
average
compressive
strength
=
51.26
MPa.
28 days average compressive strength = 62.96 MPa which is greater than 48.25MPa
Hence the mix is accepted.