Study of Wireless Power Transfer by Induction Technique: Amit Kumar, Shubhajit Jana, Reshmi Chandra
Uploaded by
IOSRjournalStudy of Wireless Power Transfer by Induction Technique: Amit Kumar, Shubhajit Jana, Reshmi Chandra
Uploaded by
IOSRjournalIOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. Feb. 2016), PP 01-06
www.iosrjournals.org
Study of wireless power transfer by Induction Technique
Amit Kumar1, Shubhajit Jana2, Reshmi Chandra3
1
(Electrical Engineering, Abacus Institute of Engineering and Management, India)
(Electrical Engineering, Abacus Institute of Engineering and Management, India)
3
(Electrical Engineering, Abacus Institute of Engineering and Management, India)
2
Abstract: Electricity is the basic need of our world now a day. We are using wires for the transmission of the
electrical power. And we are also facing a lot of problem due to the wires. Today we are bound to compromise
with those problems because we are not having any other technology to transmission of power. Scientists and
engineers are working to eliminate this problem by isolating the wires from the transmission lines. This
technology is named as wireless power transfer system. According to near and far field there are some
classifications of the wireless power transfer. Induction is the one of the near field or non radiative technique of
the wireless power transfer system.
In this paper we have explained the brief idea about this technique. In this technique there will be the
conversion of energy from electrical to magnetic energy in the transmitter and then transmitted. Again in the
receiver the magnetic energy is converted in the electrical energy and supplied to the load. In this paper we
have explained the method of the conversion of energy on both transmitter and receiver side. Also the function
of the generated magnetic field is explained. Some practical results of our device are also explained in this
paper.
Keywords: Electrical, Energy, Magnetic, Power, Wireless.
I.
Introduction
This paper is going to introduce about a basic idea about the wireless power transfer. By one of the
methods of non-radiative technique of wireless power transfer i.e. induction technique the power transfer will be
done. In this technique electrical power will be converted in the magnetic form of the energy. Actually the
transmitter will create time varying magnetic field and if any device/receiver comes in that region/field it will
receive power. The device/receiver must have ability of conversion of magnetic energy in electrical energy. In
this paper we will see such types of receiver and transmitter also. The relation between current and magnetic
flux is also explained in this paper. This paper will give an idea to reduce the use of wires.
Generation of
time varying
current
To load
Transmitting coil
EMF Induced
Time varying
magnetic flux
Receiving coil
Figure 1- Block diagram
II. Power transmitter part
For the generation of time varying current we are taking a transistor for the switching purpose.
We are taking the basic circuit of common emitter in the npn transistor. In electronics, a common
emitter amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies,
typically used as a voltage amplifier.
In this circuit the base terminal of the transistor serves as the input, the collector is the output, and the
emitter is common to both.
DOI: 10.9790/1676-11120106
www.iosrjournals.org
1 | Page
Study of wireless power transfer by Induction Technique
Figure 2- Common emitter circuit
As the Base/Emitter junction is forward-biased, the Emitter voltage, Ve will be one junction voltage
drop different to the Base voltage. If the voltage across the Emitter resistor is known then the Emitter current, Ie
can be easily calculated using Ohms Law. The Collector current, Ic can be approximated, since it is almost the
same value as the Emitter current.
Also we have,
Where
Therefore,
(collector current) and
(base current)
We can also say that,
From the above derivation we can
see that
depends on the .
So, by adding any inductive or
capacitive component at the base of the npn
transistor, we will get our required time
varying current. That will produce the time
varying flux.
By adjusting the value of impedance in the
base side, we can get the required frequency
of the current.
Finally we can conclude that by applying any
signal at the base of the transistor, we will
have current on collector of the same
function as that of base current.
For the transmitting part as shown in the
given circuit (Figure 3)
At the base of the transistor we have
connected an inductor. On the collector side
we have connected the transmitting coil,
which is having same inductance as that of
the inductor connected at the base.
Figure 3- circuit of power transmitter part
In the circuit the inductance of both the inductor is same. We have used magnetic wire of 26 gauges for the coil
of transmitter. The coils are used for both purpose
DOI: 10.9790/1676-11120106
www.iosrjournals.org
2 | Page
Study of wireless power transfer by Induction Technique
1) For transmission of power,(generates time varying magnetic flux)
2) Provide inductance on the base of transistor for switching purpose.
There are some other methods also we are having for the triggering of the base. They are given below,
1. By the use of the combination of
some inductive and capacitive
components with appropriate value.
2. By the use of a function generator.
By any method we have to generate a time
varying current, which will pass through
transmitting coil, which is connected across
the collector part of the transistor. And this
coil will generate a time varying magnetic
field.
Now by reversing the same process
we will get a required current from this
magnetic flux at the receiver side.
Figure 4- circuit of power receiving part
III. Power Receiveing Part
In this circuit at the place of inductor we have used coli of magnetic wire. The wire is of 26 gauges.
The inductance of this coil is same to the total inductance of the coil at transmission side.
When we place the coil in the range of the time varying magnetic field of transmission coil the emf will
be induced in the receiving coil according to the Lenzs law.
So with the help of these two circuits we can transmit power in air without any use of wire.
Figure 4- circuit of power receiving part
IV. Derivation of the magnetic field from the OERSTEDs equation
In this derivation we will see the relation between the magnetic field (
From OERSTEDs equation.
) and the current (I).
Vector representation is given by,
=
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . (1)
we has assumed that the direction of the distance between the point at which magnetic field is to be calculated
is perpendicular to the wire caring current .so we have
So,
=
is perpendicular to r.
when
=
By putting this value to the equation (1),
[because
By integrating on both sides, we will have,
DOI: 10.9790/1676-11120106
www.iosrjournals.org
3 | Page
Study of wireless power transfer by Induction Technique
Here, will be total length of the wire.
In our device we know the value of and
. So, we can take and
as constant.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(2)
So, we can say that
Let us take,
= a constant
Now as we know the magnetic flux
= area magnetic field.
= area B
= area
[Where
= area
We can take area as a constant.
So, we can conclude that magnetic flux depends on the property of current .
If
is time varying then the magnetic field will also be time varying.
V. Figures and TABLES
DOI: 10.9790/1676-11120106
www.iosrjournals.org
4 | Page
Study of wireless power transfer by Induction Technique
These three graphs of flux vs. time are plotted with the help of matlab software version
7.9.0.529(R2009b)
As we know from the equation,
That means magnetic flux depends on the current.
In our simulation we have taken three different value of current for
Figure 5,
5*sin (w*t)
Figure 6,
5*sin (w*t) +sin (1*w*t) +sin (2*w*t) +sin (3*w*t) +sin (4*w*t)
Figure 7,
5*sin (w*t) +sin (1*w*t) +sin (2*w*t) +sin (3*w*t) +sin (4*w*t) +
Sin (5*w*t) +sin (6*w*t) +sin (7*w*t) +sin (8*w*t) +sin (9*w*t) +sin (10*w*t) +cos(1*w*t) +cos
(1*w*t) + cos (2*w*t) +cos (3*w*t)
[Here w represent the angular frequency and t represents time]
From the above result we can conclude that the function of magnetic flux depending on the function of
current.
In figure 6 and figure 7 we can see that in the magnetic field different number of frequency is present
with respect to the current supplied to the coil.
In the above two figure 8 and 9, we can see the relation between the base current and
the collector current.
As we know that,
So, the property and the function of
totally depend on the
value.
For the BD139 transistor, we have the value of for npn transistor is 100 approx.
So, by the help of matlab simulation we have the above two curve.
In figure8,
5*sin(w*t)+sin(w*t)+sin(1*w*t)+sin(2*w*t)+sin(3*w*t)+sin(4*w*t)
And Figure 9,
5*sin(w*t) +sin(1*w*t)+sin(2*w*t)+sin(3*w*t)+ sin(4*w*t) +sin(5*w*t) +sin(6*w*t)
+sin(7*w*t)+sin(8*w*t)+sin(9*w*t) +sin(10*w*t)+cos(1*w*t)+cos(1*w*t) +cos(2*w*t) +cos(3*w*t)
From the above result we can say that by controlling the value of
be controlled.
, the value of
and function can
Table 1 In the above table, given values are the
SL.NO.
Numbers of turn in receiver coil
Induced voltage in coil (in mV)
30
1.1
24
0.8
18
0.3
12
0.2
experimental results of developed device.
DOI: 10.9790/1676-11120106
www.iosrjournals.org
5 | Page
Study of wireless power transfer by Induction Technique
In this device we have used a coil of 30 turns and 8cm diameter for transmitter coil. The magnetic wire
is of 26 gauges. We have given 3V dc supply in the transmission coil.
When we placed the receiver coil of respective numbers of turns, we got the values of the voltages as
given in the table. The magnetic wire is of 26 gauges in the receiver coil also. The diameter of all receiver coils
is nearly 4cm.And the load is 1ohm (approx).
In this result we can see that from the same transmission coil, different numbers of receiving coil can
absorbs power. All the different receiver coils are having different natural frequency. It indicates that our
magnetic flux in transmission coil is produced due to the current, which is having function of different numbers
of frequency.
VI. Conclusion
The transmission of power without wires is not a theory, it is now a reality. The electrical power can be
economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance.
In this device we have transmitted power up to 4-5cm of air gap without any help of wires. We have
noticed that the harmonics of the current in the transmission coil leads the power loss in the form of magnetic
energy. Due to the presence of harmonics in current, at the time of conversion of electrical energy into magnetic
energy, some unwanted magnetic flux generated.
If we will manage to remove or reduce this harmonics from the current of the base in the npn
transistor. This loss, we will be able to reduce.
There are some points we can conclude from the results of this project:
We can conclude that the function of magnetic flux depending on the function of current.
We can say that by controlling the value of
, the
value and function can be controlled.
We can say that our magnetic flux in transmission coil is produced due to the current, which is having
function of different numbers of frequency.
We can also increase the range of this device by increasing the value of frequency of the current of the
transmission coil or by increasing the magnitude of magnetic flux.
Magnitude of magnetic flux can be increased by increasing the value of voltage on transmission side
References
[1].
[2].
[3].
[4].
[5].
[6].
[7].
[8].
[9].
[10].
[11].
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_power
http://www.ripublication.com/ijepa/ijepav1n3_2.pdf
http://www.sspi.gatech.edu/wptshinohara.pdf
https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/wireless-power-transmission.pdf
http://ijcee.org/papers/480-N015.pdf
http://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol%201%20issue%204/AJ01415061510.pdf
http://www.ijetae.com/files/Volume2Issue4/IJETAE_0412_67.pdf
http://www.witricity.com/assets/highly-resonant-power-transfer-kesler-witricity-2013.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiTricity
http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/amp_2.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_emitter
DOI: 10.9790/1676-11120106
www.iosrjournals.org
6 | Page
