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Tutorial 5

This document discusses several problems related to air pollution. 1. It calculates concentrations of carbon monoxide and other pollutants from vehicle emissions. 2. It determines heat released during methane combustion and percentage lost when water vapor is not condensed. 3. It estimates downwind pollutant concentrations from power plant emissions under different meteorological conditions. Several rules of thumb are discussed to adjust pollutant concentrations from short-term estimates to hourly averages required by regulations. Stack and meteorological parameters are considered in dispersion modeling calculations.

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Ibrahim Hussain
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419 views

Tutorial 5

This document discusses several problems related to air pollution. 1. It calculates concentrations of carbon monoxide and other pollutants from vehicle emissions. 2. It determines heat released during methane combustion and percentage lost when water vapor is not condensed. 3. It estimates downwind pollutant concentrations from power plant emissions under different meteorological conditions. Several rules of thumb are discussed to adjust pollutant concentrations from short-term estimates to hourly averages required by regulations. Stack and meteorological parameters are considered in dispersion modeling calculations.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial5:AirPollution

1.

2.

3.

Theexhaustgasfromanautomobilecontains1.0%byvolumeofcarbonmonoxide.Expressthis
concentrationinmg/mat25Cand1atm.
(Ans:11,445mg/m)

Atypicalmotorcycleemitsabout20gofCOpermile.
(a) WhatvolumeofCOwoulda5miletripproduceafterthegascoolsto25C(at1atm)?
(b) Per meter of distance travelled, what volume of air could be polluted to the air quality
standardof9ppm?
(Ans:[a]0.087m[b]1.2m/m)

Findthegrossheatofcombustionwhenmethaneisburned.ReferringtoExample5.3howmuch
inpercentageofgrossheatingvalueislostwhenwatervapourisnotcondensed.
(Ans:890.2kJ/molofCH4,10%)

4.

5.

FromExp5.5,iftheHenrysconstantforTCEis560at20Cinunitsofatm,whatwillthewater
concentrationbeinthepresenceof0.01molesofair?
(Ans:75.7g/L)
IthasbeenestimatedthattheemissionofSO2fromacoalfiredpowerplantis1,656.2g/s.At3
kmdownwindonanovercastafternoon,whatisthecenterlineconcentrationofSO2ifthewind
speedis4.50m/s?(Note:centerlineimpliesy=0.).Whatisthisconcentrationinppm?
Stackparameters:
Height=120.0m
Diameter=l.20m
Exitvelocity=10.0m/s
Temperature=315C
Atmosphericconditions:
Pressure=95.0kPa
Temperature=25.0C

Severalauthorshaveproposedrulesofthumbtocorrectfortheaveragingtimedifference
betweenthestandardsandtheestimatesprovidedbyequationandthestandarddeviationfigures.
Thesecorrectionsrangefrom0.33to0.63foranhourlyaverage.Usingtheserules,determinethe
maximumonehourconcentrationanddetermineifitcomplieswithNAAQS.

(Ans: 1.45 x 103 g/m of SO2, 0.59 ppm, (0.1950.372ppm) this comply with NAAQS onehour
standard)

Comment:
1. Theplumestandarddeviationsobtainthroughfiguresarebasedonfieldmeasurementsusing
a10minutesamplinglime.Thefieldmeasurementswereconductedinrelativelyopencountry.
Applicationoftheequationstoothersettingsisnotrecommended.
2. Thestacktemperatureusedforthisexampleisabithighforcoalfiredpowerplants.Forbrick
andlinedstacksthetemperaturedropalongtheheightofthestackisabout0.9C/m(0.5F/ft).
Thetemperatureofthegasenteringthestackisontheorderof320C.Thus,amorerealistic
temperaturewouldhavebeenabout210C.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Determinethedistancedownwindfromastackatwhichwemustswitchtotheinversionform
ofthedispersionmodelgiventhefollowingmeteorologicalsituation:
Effectivestackheight:50m
Inversionbase:350m
Windspeed:7.3m/s
Cloudcover:none
Time:1130h
Season:summer
(Ans:5km)

Giventhemeteorologicalandpowerplantdatashownbelow,determinethemaximumdownwind
concentrationofSO2andthedistancefromthestackthatitoccurs.
Meteorologicalconditions:
Windspeedat10m=4m/s
Sunnysummerafternoon
Powerplantconditions:
SO2emissionrate=151g/s
Effectivestackheight=150m
(Ans:1km,2.8104g/mofSO2)
Estimatetheconcentrationofnonmethanehydrocarbons(NMHC)300mdownwindofahighway
at5:30PMonanovercastdaywithawindspeedof4m/s.Thewindisfromduesouthandisatan
angleof60tothehighway.Themeasuredtrafficflowis8,000vehiclesperhour.Theaverage
speedis40milesperhour(mph)andtheemissionrateis0.25g/mile.
(Ans:6.52106g/mofNMHC)
DeterminetheheightofapackedtowerthatistoreduceNH3inairfromaconcentrationof0.10
kg/m3toaconcentrationof0.0005kg/m3giventhefollowingdata:
Columndiameter=3.00m
Operatingtemperature=20.0C
Operatingpressure=101.325kPa
Hg=0.438in
Hl=0.250in
Qg=10.0kg/sofair
Ql=10.0kg/soH2O
IncomingliquidiswaterfreeofNH3.
DeterminetheconcentrationofNH3inthewatereffluent.

GivenfromChemicalEngineersHandbook(PerryandChilton,1973):

(Ans:7.6m,82,380mg/LofNH3)

10.

Determinethecrosssectionalareaanddepthofcatalysttomeeta95%destructionefficiencyfor
methylethylketone(MEK).Theexhaustgasflowrateenteringthecontrolequipmentis5.66m3/s.
Combustionairissuppliedatarateof0.6m/s.Boththeexhaustgasandthecombustionairflow
ratesareat20C.Themanufacturersspecificationsrequirethatthecatalystbeoperatedat480C
andthatthebedgasvelocitybelimitedto6.0m/s.AssumethattheMEKcombustionreaction
followsfirstorderkineticsandthattherateconstantat480Cis100s1.
(Ans:2.68m,0.18m)

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