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Ques 1: - How To Increase Disk Read Performance From Single Command in Linux ?

The document contains answers to 6 questions about various Linux topics: 1) Increasing disk read performance can be done using the 'blockdev' command to raise the read-ahead parameter, pre-caching more data into memory. 2) The tmpfs file system stores all files in virtual memory, making them temporary and lost on unmount. It dynamically uses memory and swap space. 3) Anacron runs jobs that were missed while the system was down, checking configuration files and time thresholds. 4) A soft link points to a file, while a hard link has identical content but a unique inode number. Soft links can cross filesystems but hard links cannot. 5) Hardware

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26 views

Ques 1: - How To Increase Disk Read Performance From Single Command in Linux ?

The document contains answers to 6 questions about various Linux topics: 1) Increasing disk read performance can be done using the 'blockdev' command to raise the read-ahead parameter, pre-caching more data into memory. 2) The tmpfs file system stores all files in virtual memory, making them temporary and lost on unmount. It dynamically uses memory and swap space. 3) Anacron runs jobs that were missed while the system was down, checking configuration files and time thresholds. 4) A soft link points to a file, while a hard link has identical content but a unique inode number. Soft links can cross filesystems but hard links cannot. 5) Hardware

Uploaded by

neerajbakshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ques 1 : How to increase disk read performance from single

command in Linux ?
Ans : - In Linux like Operating System the Read performance of a Disk can be improved by increasing
a parameter called Read+Ahead using blockdev command. By default the Linux OS will read 128
KB of data in advance so that it is already in Memory cache before the program needs it. This value
can be increased so as to get better Read Performance.
Example : # blockdev setra 16384 /dev/sda

Ques 2 : What is the use of tmfs File System ?


Ans : - Tmpfs is a file system which keeps all files in virtual memory. Everything in tmpfs is temporary
in the sense that no files will be created on your hard drive. If you unmount a tmpfs instance,
everything stored therein is lost.
tmpfs puts everything into the kernel internal caches and grows and shrinks to accommodate the files
it contains and is able to swap unneeded pages out to swap space. It has maximum size limits which
can be adjusted on the fly via mount -o remount

Ques 3 : What is anacron and its usage ?


Ans : - Anacron is a service that runs after every system reboot, checking for any cron and at
scheduled jobs that were to run while the system was down and hence, have not yet run. It scans
the /etc/cron.hourly/0anacron file for three factors to determine whether to run these missed jobs. The
three factors are the presence of the /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily file, the elapsed time of 24 hours
since anacron last ran, and the presence of the AC power to the system. If all of the three factors are
affirmative, anacron goes ahead and automatically executes the scripts located in the
/etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.weekly, and /etc/cron.monthly directories, based on the settings and
conditions defined in anacrons main configuration file /etc/anacrontab

Ques 4 : What is difference between Soft Link & Hard Link ?


Ans : - A soft link (symbolic link or a symlink) makes it possible to associate one file with another. It is
similar to a shortcut in MS Windows where the actual file is resident somewhere in the directory
structure but you may have multiple shortcuts or pointers with different names pointing to it. Each soft
link has a unique inode number.A soft link can cross file system boundaries and can be used to link
directories.
A hard link associates two or more files with a single inode number. This allows the files to have
identical permissions, ownership, time stamp, and file contents. Changes made to any of the files are
reflected on the other linked files. All files actually contain identical data.A hard link cannot cross file
system boundaries and cannot be used to link directories.

Ques 5 : What is the difference between hardware RAID and


Software RAID?
Ans : The hardware-based RAID is independent from the host. A Hardware RAID device connects to
the SCSI controller and presents the RAID arrays as a single SCSI drive. An external RAID system
moves all RAID handling intelligence into a controller located in the external disk subsystem. The
whole subsystem is connected to the host via a normal SCSI controller and appears to the host as a
single disk.
Software RAID is implemented under OS Kernel level. The Linux kernel contains an MD driver that
allows the RAID solution to be completely hardware independent. The performance of a software-based
array depends on the server CPU performance and load.

Ques 6 : Explain the command rpm -qf ?


Ans : it queries the RPM database for which package owns <filename>. When specifying a file,
specify the absolute path of the file.

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