All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.

info

Star List

NAME

ACAMAR
ACHERNAR
ACRUX
ADHARA
ALDEBARAN
ALIOTH
ALKAID
AL NA,IR
ALNILAM
ALPHARD
ALPHECCA
ALPHERATZ
ALTAIR
ANKAA
ANTARES

NO.

MAG

7
5

3.1
0.6

30

I. I

19
10

1.6

32
34
SS

15
25
41
I

51
2
42

I. I

1.7
1.9
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.2

SHA

316
336

174
255
291
167
153
28

276
218

2.8

31 5

N 4

N 56
N 49
s 47

MENKENT
36
MIAPLACIDUS 24
MlRF'AK
9
MOONC
66
MOONLL
65

2.3
1.8
1.9

149
222

s
s

I
9

183
349

53
N 46
N 45
N 15
s 18

SABIK
SATURN
SCHEDAR
SHAULA
SI RIUS

44
61
3
45

2 .0
1.8
2.4
2.5
1.3

194
279
91
34
16

N 62
N 29
N 51
N 10
s 30

SPICA
SUHAIL
SUNC
SUN LL
SUN UL

33
23
63
62
64

1.6
2.8
0.9
2.2

172
176
149
328

TRANSFER
VEGA
VENUS
ZUBEN,UBI

68
49
SB
39

27
14
47

35
6

34
N 74
N 15

20

DUBliE
ELNATH
ELTANI N
ENIF'
FOMALHAUT

29

137
14

i>ROCYON
RASALHAGUE
REGULUS
RIGEL
RIGIL KENT

so

2.0
2.2
2 .6

N 19
69
S 5'1
N 6
N 7

264
281

48
40
57
59
8

1.2

17 -0.9
12 0.2
53
1. 3
28
2.2
4
2. 2

DEC

KAUS AUST
KOCHAB
MARKAB
MARS
MENKAR

CANOPUS
CAPELLA
DENEB
DENEBOLA
OIPHDA

40
57
s 63
s 29
N 16

21

146
108
234
279
271

31

SHA

POLLUX

2.4
1.2

0. 2
1 '}
22
1. 7
13
1.7
16 0 . 1/1.2

GACRUX
GIENAH
HADAR
HAMAL
JUPITER

MAG

2. 1
2. 1
2. I

37
43

54

s
s

NO.

67

ARCTURUS
ATRIA
AVIOR
BELLATRIX
BETELGEUSE

56

NAME

MOONUL
NUNKI
PEACOCK
POLARIS

O. 'J

126
358
62
354
11 3

DEC

N 27
N 29
N 9
s 42

s 2{,
s

57
17
60
N 23

s
s

60

Do not sell this PDF !!!

50

52

46
26
11

38

IS

84

309

s 36
70
N 50

76
54
326
244

0.5
2. I
t. 3
0.3
0.1

245
'}6
282
140

N 5
N 13
N 12
s 8
s 61

2.6

103

s 16

2.5
1 7
- 1.6

350
97
259

s
s

1.2
2.2

223

0. I

81

2.9

137

208

159

26

s 57

N S'J
N 2B

N 56
37
17

s
s

11
43

N 39

16

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

ASTRO-NAVIGATION
DEAD RECKONING
ROUTE PLANNING

@..,-2000 MODULE

POCKET

COMPUTERS

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http :/lwww.PC-1500.info

Program Construction
SECTION
Program Initialisation
Basic Data I
Basic Data 2
Catalogue: Numbers and Names
of Celestial Bodies
Times of Rise, Set, Transit,
Twilight and Azimuth of the Sun
Times of Rise, Set, Transi 1 and
Age of the Moon
LI IA Aries, Altitude and Azimuth
of catalogued bodies
LMA Aries, SHA, LH A etc. of
catalogued bodies
Calculation of SHA and DEC irorn
Time, Altitude and Azimuth
Traverse (Mercator Sailing)
Transfer of Traverse to
OR Position
Start of Sight Reduction
Calculation of Observed Position
Rejection of unwanted
observations
Continuation of Sight Reduction
Transfer of Ol>scrvcd Position
to Traverse
Rhumb Linc and Great Circle
Sailings
Composite Sailing

LAllEL

KEY

DATA!
DATA2
CAT

DEF
DEF
DEF
DEF

=
A
S
Z

2
2
3
4

SUN

DEF X

MOON

DEF C

PREO

DEF V

ALM

DEF SPACE

IOENT

DEF B

TR AV
TR- >DR

DEF K
DEF L

8
8

SLOP

DEF D
DEF F
DEF J

FlX

REJ

PAGE

10

FX-> TR

DEF H
Dl;f G

II

RH&GC

DEF N

13

COMP

DEF .\I

14

CLOP

10

NOTES
Running up of Sights
Transfers - Body No 68
Timing of Sights
Other Calculations
Bubble Sextant
Figure of t he Earth
Accuracy
Input Formats

II

12

15
16

16
16
16
16

The CN-2000 Program is divided into

sections, each of which may be acccsse<I
independently. To invoke any of the above
sections press DEF and the appropriate key.
If a prompt message appears in the display,
the data is keyed in using the format given
in the prompt message. The computer will
not accept data whilst it is calculating as
indicated by a BUSY sign in the display.
Output ls prefixed by a descriptive label in
the display or on the printed record. If the
printer is not being used two courses of
action are open. You may press ENTER to

advance to the ne~ stage in the sec tion or

you may transfer to another section by
pressing DEF and the sect ion key.
The
latter opt.ion is called branc hing. It is a
feature of the CN-2000 Progra m that you
are never "locked-in" to a particular section.
You may branch at ar1y time to another
section.
The CN-2000 Modul.e is compatible with
these pocket c omputers:
Sharp PC-1500
Sharp PC-J 500A
Tandy PC-2

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info

Catalogue
35 HADAR 0.9
36 MENKENT 2.3
37 ARCTURUS 0.2
38 RIG IL KENT 0. I
39 ZlJBEN, UB l 2 . 9
40 KOC~lA8 2. 2
41 ALPHECCn 2 . 3
42 ANTARES 1. 2
4 3 AlR JA I . 9
44 SABI K 2.6
45 SHAULA 1 . 7
46 RASALHAGUE 2. I
47 ELT ANIN 2 . 4
48 KAUS AUST 2.0
49 UEGA 0. I
50 NUNKJ 2. I
5 1 ALTAIR 0.9
52 PEACOCK 2.J
53 DENEB J .3
54 ENIF 2.5
55 AL NA, IR 2 . 2
56 FOMALHAU T 1.3
57 MARKAB 2.6
58 VENUS
59 MARS
60 JUP lT ER
61 SATURN
62 SUNLL
63 SUNC
64 SUNUL
65 MOONLL
66 MOONC
6 7 MOONUL
68 TRANSFER

CATALOGUE
0 POLARJ S 2. 1
I ALPHERATZ 2.2
2 Al'< KAA 2.4
3 SCHEDAR 2 .5
4 OlPHOA 2.2
S ACHERNAR 0.6
6 HAMAL 7..2
7 ACAMAR 3. I
8 MENKAR 2. 8
9 MIRFAK I. 9
10 ALDEBARAN I . I
11 RIGEL 0.3
12 CAPELLA 0 .2
13 BELL ATRl X l ./
14 ELNA TH l.8
IS ALNILAM 1.8
16 BETEL GEUSE UAR
1/ CANOPUS - 0.9
18 SI RI US - 1.6
19 AOHAR(\ !. 6
:20 PROCYON 0. 5
21 POLL UX 1. 2
22 AU lOR I. 7
23 SUHAl L 2. 2
24 MI APLAC IDUS 1.8
25 ALPHARD 2 . 2
26 RGULUS J. 3
27 DUBHE 2. 0
28 DENEBOLA 2.2
29 GI ENAH 2 . 8
30 ACRUX I. J
3J GACRUX I . 6
32 ALIOT H 1. 7
33 SPI CA 1. 2
34 ALKAID !. 9

':!.,
~.,~. M
i.!
a El a u
ia.

CJ

~.

t.::J

L-J

'!.
~; ~. '~.' .Iii
g o a u

IE!

~ ill C!J D m
l.!J ill , , , . , 1-;;-;.
o u w 0 ~~~
W ill I "' I l..2J 0 0 ~ EJ

u. a ~._w;;; r a

c:J CJ LJ "'

!:!!I

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

P.O. BOX 229 MILSON$ POINT

SYDNEY AUSTRALIA 2061
PHONE (02) 922 3378.

Do not sell this PDF !! !

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

General
description
The C N-2000 program for use with
SHARP PC-1500 and PC-I 500A Computers
will provide data and solutions for all the
practic al
problems
which
arise
in
astro-navigation and route planning.
No
almanac is required as a ll the astronomical
data is generated by the program with an
accuracy of +/-0.2'. The user may choose
from a catalogue of 58 bright stars including
Polaris, the Sun and Moon, artd the four
navigational plane ts, Venus, Mars, J upiter
and Saturn.
The timing of sights may be made
automaticaJJy using the computer's internal
clock.
Corrections such as retraction,
height of eye, semi-diameter, parallax etc.
arc automatically applied. Up t o 1;0 sights
may be reduced (Azimuth and Jnrcrcept) and
the obser ver's position comput eci v;ithout uny

plotting. No averages of times and altitudes .

need be taken as individual sights can be
processed.
Thus mistakes or poor
observations which may be concealed in
averages are discovered and eliminated. In
addition, the error of every sight is
computed to provide a check on the quality
of the position !ix.
The program is completely self-contained
in that prompt statements for data remind
the operator of the format of' the input.
Sections on Planning (Predic tion, Rise, Set
etc. of the Sun and Moon), Identification etc;
enable the navigator to plan, reduce and
assess the quality of observations without
the need of tables, graphs and alma nacs.
Dead Reckoning (Traverse :and Rhumb
Line Calculations), Great Circle and
Composite Sailing sections wil I assist in
route planning, checking course plotting,
navigating in high latitudes etc.
The navigator also has the choice of
printing all the input and output of the
program - an invaluable record for later
reference.
I

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

Program lnitialisation
SWITCH THE COMPUTER OFF BEFORE
CONNECTING OR DISCONNECTING A
PROGRAM MODULE. FAILURE TO DO SO
MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO THE MODULE
1 Remove any program module from the
computer module box.
2 Connect the NC-2000 module to the
port at the l eft end of the computer or, if
the computer is attached to the printer,
connec t the module to the port at the r ear
of the print er ,
3 Switch the computer on. A message
NEWO: CHECK? will appear in the display.
Press CL, type NEWO (figure zero not letter
0) and press ENTER.
4 Press MODE (this will switch the
computer from the PRO to the RUN mode).
' Press DEF and then = (the equals
key).
The word BUSY will appear in the
display for a few seconds, and then the
prompt arrow will appear, indicating that
the CN-2000 program is ready for use.

Prognim Execution
The program is to be executed in the
RUN mode.
M<1ke sur e that DEG a lso
appear s in the display. II it docs not, type
DECREE and press ENTER.
Each section of the program is accessed
by pressing DEF and then the appropriate
letter key (A, s, D, F, etc.),

or display the input and output of the

program. If your printer is connected you
may enter Y(es) or (N)o but ii the printer is
not connected you must enter N. When you
have made your choice and you do not wish
to change it, simply press ENTER whenever
the prompt PRI NTER Y /N appears.
This
process, called skipping, is a feature of
many sections of the CN-2000 program.
EXAMPLE: If your printer is attached,
type Y, if not type N.
Prompt: UNITS M/F
You must now select, by entering M(etrcs)
or F(eet) the units of length you wish to use
when the Height of Eye is input later in the
program.
Once the units arc selected all
sub~uent Heights o f Eye will be calculated
in those units unt il you change your
selection. As in the previous section you
may skip il you do not wish to change
whatever has already been entered.
EXAMPLE: Type M and press ENTER.
Prompt: YEAR YYYY
Enter the year of observat ion. If you do not
wish to change a previously entered value of
the year, press ENTER and skip past this
request.
Now the stored v<1lue will be
displayed (or printed) for you to checR and a

further pressing ol ENTER allows you to

proceed to the next data input. Thi s latter
process is called r eviewing. Both skipping
and reviewing may be used throughout the
BASIC DATA section of the CN-2000
program.
EXAMPLE: Type 198} and pr ess ENTER.

If whilst entering da ta a wrong va lue is

keyed in, and provided ENTER has mH been
pressed, the correc t data may be entered
after pressing CL.

Prompt: MONTH MMM

Ent er the iirst three letters of the month of
the year.
EXAMPLE: Type JA N and press ENTER.

Basic Data
It is usual to start operations by keying
in or reviewing BASIC [)ATA which consists
of 13 items arranged in two sections
labelled DATA I and DAT A 2 and accessed
by DEF A or DEF S. If only some i t ems are
to be entered or reviewed you can start at
either DATA I or DATA 2, whichever is the
quicker point of access. Note that the end
of DAT A I runs into the beginning of DA TA

Prompt: DAY DD
Enter the day of the month.
EXAMPLE: Type 7 arid press ENTER.

2.

WARNING
The CN-2000 program is
designed to be used for any date between
I March 1900 and 31 December 2099. Dates
outside this range or imposs.i ble dates such
as 29 February 198~ may produce incorrect
results.

DEF A
Prompt: PRINTER Y /N
You now choose whether you wish to print

Pr ompt: WATCH ERROR F/SHH.MMSS

The error of the watch being used is input.
E.g. F(ast) Im 2Js is input F.0121 or F0.0121.

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http :/lwww.PC-1500.info

When watch times or times taken from the
computer's internal clock are entered later,
this Watch Error is automatically applied. If
the watch or clock being used is keeping
correct time the input is a zero. In this
case a preceding F or S is unnecessary.
EXAMPLE: Type F.0009 and press ENTER.
Prompt: TIME ZONE E/WHH.MM
The Time Zone , E(ast) or (W)est of the
Greenwich 7'.1eridiun, expressed in hours (.and

:lO

minutes

for

half Zones) is

entered.

Prompt: SPEED KK.K.

The speed in knots of the vessel whilst on
the given course is now e ntered.
EXAMPLE: Type 9 and press ENTER.
Prompt: M OF E LL.L
The Meight of Eye, in the units of length
specified at the start of the BASIC DATA
section, is now entered. After this entry
the display will momentarily echo the chosen
units. The printed output gives the Height
of Eye and the units.

Standard Times, or Watch l "imes corrected

for Watch Error, used in the program refer

to this Time Zone. If GMT is being used a
zero is to be entered and the prefix E or W
may be om;t ted.
EXAMPLE: Type EI I and press ENTER.
(The ship was keeping Australian Eastern
Summer Time.)
The

CN-2000

program

now

EXAMPLE: Type 3.1 and press ENTER.

Prompt: SEXT CORR +/-DDMM.M
The Sextant Correction (the correction to
be applied to the observed altitude) is now
entered. If the correction is negative the
value must be prefixed by a minus sign but,
if the correction is positive, a plus sign is
optional.

advances

auto1natically into the second part of the

EXAMPLE: Type 0 and press ENTER.

BASIC DATA section (DA TA 2).

DEF S
Prompt: LAT N/SDDMM.M
Just before this prompt appears in the
display the additional prompt of DR is seen
momentarily, reminding you that the Dead
Reckoning Position is now required. Enter
the latitude in the format N(orth) or S(outh)
and then the degrees, minutes, decimal point
and decirn<:1l minutes. A zero value without
a precedirig N of S is valid for an observer
at the equator.
EXAMPLE: Type
ENTER.

53350.0

and

If you have entered the data as suggested

in the previous Examples your printout
should be identical with that shown below.
If you are not using a printer, skip through
and review the data in DEF A and DEF S
(DAT/\ I and DA TA 2) and compare it also
with the printout.

YEAR
!985
MONTH
J AN
DAY
7
WATC!-1 ERR F 0. 0009
TJME ZONE
EI l. 00
OR

LAT

53350.0
E l 51 ! 8:.0
COURSE <TJ
108:. 0
LON

press

SPEED
H OF E METRES

Prompt: LON E/WDDDMM.M

Enter the longitude in the format E(ast) or
W(est) followed by degrees, minut es, decimal
point and decima l minutes. As with latitude
a zero value without a preceding le tte r is
va lid (obse<rvcr on the Greenwich Meridian).
EXAMPL E: Type
ENTER.

El51J8.0

and

SEXT COR

9.0
3. I
0.0

press

Prompt: COURSE(T) ODD.D

The course of the vessel during the period
of celestial observations is e ntered. The
True Course, not Magnetic, is required.
EXAMPL E: Type 108 and press ENTER.

NOTE: All the above data is stored

permanently in the computer until new
va lues are entered which overwrite the old
ones.
The Table on page 5 summarises the
BASIC DAT A required for the various
sections of the C N-2000 program.
3

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

Catalogue
Morning and afternoon azimuths are
calculated for the instant when the Sun's
DEF Z
centre appears to be level with the horizon.
The ca talogue of 58 stars, 4 planets, t he
Rise and se t is when the Sun's upper limb is
Sun and Moon (lower limb, centre and upper
seen to be touching the visible horizon.
limb) may be accessed in one of three ways.
In high latitudes the Sun may remain
I Enter the body number (prompt: llODY
above the horizon for the whole of the day,
NO) and the response will be Number, Name
in which case the the message AllOVE HOR
and Magnitude of the star or Number and
is displayed or printed. If the Sun does not
Name of the planet or Number, Name
rise above an altitude of -12 the message
NO PHENOM is displayed or printed. In
(including Limb) of the Sun or Moon. To
continue, press EN TER and a prompt for
intermediate cases when the Sun remains
anothe r body number will be displayed.
above altit ude -6 or -12 (i.e. Civil or
Nautical Twilight last all night) the
2 If the body number is not known then
additional message ALL NIGHT is displayed
skip the prompt BODY NO and the prompt
or printed.
BODY NAME will appear. If the name of
the body is entered the response will be the
EXAMPLE: Access
the
program
by
same as l above. If the name is incorrectly
pressing DEF a nd X and press ENTER.
e ntered the response NOT FOUND will be
The program will use the data entered in
displayed after the catalogue ha s been
the previous Examples.
The printed
searched.
output is shown below.
It is not necessary to enter the full name
of the body but only sufficient letters to
uniquely identify it. For example the letters
SI would be sufficient to identify SIRIUS.
However the letters VE would result in the
information for VEGA being given because
the search routine finds VEGA be fore

SUN
TRANS
RISE
A2
CJI.I TW
NAU TW

SE T

VEN US.

I 17. 7

5.23
4.48
20. 10

AZ

242.3

Cl V

20.38
21 . I 4

TW
NAU TW

3 If the entire catalogue is required,

skip through the prompts BODY NO and
BODY NAME and the complete list of bodie s
is then output.

13.0057
5 .52

EXAMPLE: Access
the
program
by
pressing DEF and Z and skip through the
prompts BODY NO and BODY NAME.

A printout of the CATALOGUE faces the

Contents (Program C onstuction) pa ge.

Sun
DEF X
The data required for this section is
shown in the Table on page 5. The results
from this section will be found to be a lmost
identical wi th those interpolated from the
Nautical Almanac. All va lues given are for
an observer at sea level with c1 c lear
horizon.
The Standard Time o f upper transit
(Meridian Passage) of the Sun is given first.
Then the times of rise, morning civil and
nautical twilight are given, followed by.
times of set etc.

Moon
DEF C
The data required for this section is the
same as for the Sun (sec Table on page .5).
The first out put is the Moon's age in days,
which is a measure of the elapsed time since
new Moon. The time in terval between new
Moons is a synodical month (about 29..5 days).
The times of upper and lower transit, rising
and setting are then given in the order in
which they occur.

Do not sell this PDF !! !

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

In high latitudes, as with the Sun, the
Moon may remain above or below the
horizon for the whole of the day in which
case the message /\BOVE HOR or BELOW
HOR is displayed or printed
EXAMPLE: Access
the
program
by
pressing DEF and C and press ENTER.
The output, based on the data entered in
the previous Examples, is shown below.
Note that the cal cu la tions for the Moon
arc long and complicated - the total
processing time is between 3 and 4 Minutes.
D uring the time the computer is calculating
the BUSY symbol will appear i n the display.

UPPER TRANS
SE T
LOWER TRANS
RiSE

H
0 . 33
5 . 25
13 . 02
20 . 3/

see

the

EXAMPLE: Type 20.38 and press ENTER.

After a few seconds the computer will
display or print LHA ARIES 421/1.8 (i.e.
1/241 '.8).
Prompt: LOWEST ALT DD
If you wish to l imit the a lt itude r ange of
bodies t o be listed use this ;m d the next
prompt.

EXAMPLE: 'Type 25 and press ENTER.

(You have elected to r eject low altitude
sights i.e. sights lower th;in 25),
Prompt: MIGl'IEST ALT DD
Thi s allows you to choose
altitude you wish to output.

MOON

AGE

planicphere or star globe to

approximate positions of bodies.

the

highest

EXAMPLE: Type 70 and press ENT ER.

(You have chosen to eliminate high
alti tude sights i.e. sights higher than 70.)

Prediction
DEF V
Prompt : STD rtME HH.MMSS
The Table on this page shows the data
required for thi s section.
The St andard Time at which the positions
of celestia l bodies are r equired for the
pJ<:inning of an observat ional program is
/\t first the L MA of the Fir st
keyed in.
Poi nt of Aries is output. Thi s may b<~ of
particular value i f you wish to set a

Not e that for both these pr ompts, degr ees

onl y are required (DD).
The input of
DDMM.M - degrees, minutes and decimals of
minutes will r esult in a false output.

If you wish to predict all bodies that are

above the horizon, skip through the above
two prompts and the default values of
and 90 will be adopted automatically by the
program.

Prompt: BODY NUMBER

If a Body Number is enter ed the output will

be the body number, name, magnitude (if

TABL E - BASIC DA TA REQUIRED FOR USE IN OTHER SECTIO NS

BASIC DATA

SECTION
LOP

PRF.D

IOENT

SUN

MOON

AL M

DATE

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

WATCH ERROR

YES

TIME ZONE

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

OR POSITION

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES*

COURSE & SPEED

YES

HEIGHT OF EYE

YES

YES

YES

SEXTANT CORR'N

YES

YES

YES

YES

Requir ed for the calculation of the Moon's co-ordinates.

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

appropriate), azimuth and altitude.
The
displayed momentarily.
The C N-2000
CN-2000 program will then be re ady to
pre<liction program will only list bodies
acce pt another body number.
which are above the horizon.
If you wish to predict positions for all
the bodies in the catalogue , then skip past
the prompt BODY NO and the catalogue will
be searc hed for all available bodies in the
chosen altitude range.
Skip past the Prompt BODY
Part of the printed output is shown
below.

EXAMPLE:

NO.

f'REOlClJ ON

sro TIME 20 . 3800

LHA AR JES
q2 ~ J. 8
LOWEST ALT
25
HICiHfST AL T
70
2 ANKAA 2 _q
AZ

ALT
1

242.3
6029 .2

O!?HOA 2 . 2

AZ

ALT

290. 7
5727 .8

The prediction routine may be used to

advantage whe n an unknown body has been
observed and it cannot be identified using
the IDENTffICA TION sect ion (see page 7)
because the a z imuth a t the time of
observation is not known. The catalogue is
searched using a range between the lowest
and highest altitude restricted lO a
"window" of (say) l or 2, depending on t he
accuracy of the DR position. The out put
will be the azimuths and altitudes of all the
bodies in the chosen altitude range.
At 20h34m you observed a
bright body to have a sextant altitude of
3854'.
No azimuth was taken and
subsequen tly you were unsure of the
ident ity of the body. To identify it ,
access the PREDICTION section, enter
20.34 as the STD TIME, 38 "' the
LOWEST ALT a nd 40 a s the HIGH EST
ALT.
Skip through BODY NO.
The
computer will search the catalogue and
output :

EXAMPLE:

S ACHERNAR 0 . 6
AZ
ALT

202 . 3
532B. 1

PREDIC TION
STD TIME
20.3400
LHA ARJES
4 141. /
LOWEST ALT
38
HI GHEST ALT
40

6 HAMAL 2.2
A2

AL T

347 . 9
3152.9

15

8 MENKAR 2.8
AZ

ALT

AZ

4. 3

ALT

5206. 9

ALNILAM

I.

59 . 5

3855.3

10 ALDEBARAN J. l
AZ
30. 5
AL T

335 7.7

l l R J GEL 0. 3
AZ

ALT

60. 4
':822. 5

13 BELLATRIX 1 . 7
AZ
19 . 5

ALT

3555. 5

NOTE: If you request information for a body

t ha t is outside the chosen range of
altitudes, the message OUT OF RANGE
t oget her with the body number will be

Almanac
DEF SPACE
The data require<! for t his section is
shown in the Table on page 5. The first
prompt is for a Standard Time. The output
is the LHA of the First Point of Aries.
Then a BODY NO is called for. The output
is the SHA, DEC and LHA of the chosen
body. If the body is either the Sun or Moon,
the semi-diameter correc tion which is found
in most alma na cs is given together with its
apppropriate sign. In addition, for the Moon,
the value of horizonta l parallax is output.

Do not sell this PDF !! !

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http://www.PC-1500.info

As with the Prediction section, skipping
the prompt BODY NO will result in the
ouptut of data for the whole catalogue.
EXAMPLE: You wish to print the Almanac
for 20n38m, 7 Jan 198.5, for DR position
S.3350' El 5118', Time Zone El l. If you
have completed the previous Example s the
Basic Da ta will reside in t he computer.
O the rwise you will ha ve to e nte r it now.
Access the program by pressing DEF
SPACE.
On t he prompt STD TIME, input
20.)8. Skip through the prompt BOO V NO
and the entire Almanac will be calculate<!
and output. Part of the output is shown
below:

ALMANAC

S TD TIME
LHA AR JES

20.3800
'1241. 8

0 POLAR IS 2. J
SHA
3/555 . 5
DEC
N8912 . I
LHn
83?.3
l

ALPHERATZ 2 . 2

SHA

35806 . ?

DEC

N2 900. S
4f.M ll. 0

Ll tA

2 ANKAA 2 . 4
SHA
3533? . 0
DEC
S 't 223 . 6
LHA

Identification
DEF B
The data required for this section is
shown in the Table on page 5.
Prompt : WATCH TIME HH.MMSS. Input
the time. The next prompts arc for sextant
a lti tude SEXT ALT DDMM.M and a z imut h
(true bearing) AZ DDD.D. The o utput is the
SHA and DEC of the body.
This section will be used mainly for
calcu la ting the co-ordinates of bodies which
were not identified at the time of
observation. If it is suspected that a star
has
b~n
observed,
the
calculated
co-ordina tcs may be compared with those in
the Star Jr)dex (inside front and ba ck
covers). Ot herwise the co~rd ina tes ol the
planets arc generated us ing the ALMANAC
section and a further comparison made.
EXAMPLE: Identify the body which had a
sextant altitude of 3854' and an
approximate true bearing o f 60.
The
time of the observation was 20h34m on 7
J an 1985, the DR position and Time Zone
being those which have a lready been
entered
for the previous Examples.
Access the program by DEF B ;incl, on the
prompt STD TIME, e oter 20.34. For SEXT
ALT enter 3854 and AZ enter 60. The
output will be:

36J8. 9
IDENTIFICATION

3 SCHEDAR 2.5

SHA
DEC

NS62/.S

LHA

3247 . 5

Tl nE 20 . 340 0
SEXT AL T
3854. 0

~ATCH

3500 5.7

A2

SHA
DEC

'I DIPHOA 2.2

SltA
349 J/ . /
DEC
5 1904. 3
LHA
3 159.S

5 ACHERNAR 0 . 5
SHA
33542.6
D[ [
SS/19. I
LHA
1s2q_q
6 HAMAL 2. 2

SHA
IJEC

32l25 . 3
N2323 . 6

L ~IA

I J 0 ?. I

60. 0
275 5 3 .~

S 127 . F.

the Star Index.

A~tilam
C onsult
(SHA 276 Dec Si") is the o nly star which
fits.
If the azimuth ol the body is not known,
the body may still be identified by using the
PRIZDJC TION section - see the C:.xample on
page 6.

A NOTE on page 16 (see ACCURACY)

shows how to compare the CN-2000 Almanac
with the Nautical Almanac (N.P. 314).
7

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

printer is connected the message is printed
as well

Traverse
DEF K

If you have completed the

previous E.xarnple, the TRAVERSE section
should now contain the c0-ordinates
531106.7 E15223.8.
Press DEF L.
The
co-ordinates will be entered into the
DATA 2 section. You may press DEF S
and skip through the LAT ;md LON
prompts to confirm that the DR position

EXAMPLE:

The prompts LAT N/SDDMM.M and

LON E/WDDDMM.M call for the initial
co-ordinates of the traverse. These values
are retained in the computer at all times
until changed by entering or calculating new
ones. If the stored values are required a s
starting co-ordinates of the traverse, this
input may be skipped. The true Mercator
course and dista,ce (prompts COURSE(T)
DDD.D and DIST MMMM.M) are entered and
the latitude and longitude of the new
position is displayed or printed. Pressing
ENTER will prompt for a new course and
distance etc.
A vessel, starting irom 53350'
El5118', steamed on a course of 1001'
for a distance of 7.5 miles and then
changed c ourse to l 08T and steamed a
further 49.8 miles. What was her DR
position at the end of these runs?
EXAMPLE:

Access the program by DEF K and

proc ess the information. Check your results
with the printout below.

LA T

COURSE< Tl
DIST

LON

E J5l 26.9

LAT
LON

Traverse

100.0
/ .5
S335!. 3

COURSE<T l

Sight Reduction (SLOP)

It is usual to start operations by keying
in or review ing the DATA I and DATA 2
sections (DEF A and DEF S). If you have
followed the Examples so far your Basic
Data should be as shown on page 3 except
that the OR c o-ordinates (as derived from
the TRAVERSE sect ion) will now be
S3406.7 El 5223.8.

DEF D

S3350.0
EIS J 18.0

LAT

DIST

transferred to the Basic Data sect.ion.

Note that the initial co-ordinates in t he
TRAVERSE sect ion remain unchanged.

This sec tion is labelled SLOP which is short

for Start Line of Position Calculations.

TRAUERSE

LON

from t he Traverse calculation has been

108. 0
49 . 8
S3406.7
Ei5223.B

-+ DR

DEF L
Frequently in the practice of navigation
the final t raverse co-ordinates are used as
the DR co-ordinates for sight reduction.
This can be performed simply by pressing
DEF L. The message TRA V - > DR appears
momentarily in t he display to show that the
co-ordinates have been transferred. If the

Sight reduction commences with the

message OBS NO I appearing momentarily in
the display followed by the prompt BODY
NO. Immediately after the Body Number has
been entered, the name of the body appears
momentarily in the display and, if the
printer is connected, the body name and
number are printed. 11 the printer is not
connected, it will be neccessary to press
ENTER after each result is output.
For all bodies except t ransfers a watch
time of observation and an observed sextant
angle are called for. After this information
has been entered the calcu lated azim uth and
intercept, prefixed by T(oward) or A(way),
a re printed. The computer then momentar ily
displays the message OBS NO 2 and prompts
If
another
for another BODY NO.
observation has been made on the same body
the input may be skipped. The procedure is
repeated until all observational data is
processed. Up to r10 sights may be reduced.
Occasionally it may happen during the
course of entering a number of observations
that a wrong body number or watch time
etc. has been entered. Provided the value
of the sextant altitude has not been

Do not sell this PDF !! !

All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

entered, the mistake can be rectified
immedi ate! y by branching to the CLOP
(Continue Line of Position) section by
presslng DEF H. Enter the data for that
body again and carry on r educing more
observations.
Note that the previous
observation number appears again.

TRAV- >OR
OR
$3406. '?
E J 5223. 8

UH

LON

OBS NO
UENUS
50
Wl'.I TCH TJME 20.3715
SEX T ALT
2445.0
l'.IZ
/7/.8
INT
A
I. 0

It must be remembl!rcd that when

beginning sight r eductions with SLOP, the
observation number counter is set to I and
previous azimuths and intercepts are erased
(intern.:illy). Therefore, when reducing a set
of sights SLOP is only entered once.

OBS NO
2
ALOEBARAN
10
WATCH TIME 20.394 1
SEXT ALT
3405 . 0
AZ
28.8
IN T
A
14. /

U, during the course of sight reduction, it

is found from the nature of the calculated
azimuth
and
intercept
that
a
poor
observation has been made or d.:ita has bC<!n
incorrectly enter ed, branch out, make t he
necessary correction and then, Jf necessary,
return to the process of sight reduction
In this way,
using the CLOP section.
previous results will be preser ved.

08$ NO
3
SJRJUS
18
WATCH TI ME 20. 4225
SEX T ALT
3704 .0
AZ
85.6
INT
A
0.0

N.:iturally it is not permit wd to change

t he stored DR position, course and speed of
the vessel during t he r eduction of a set of
observMions.
legitimat e r easons for
branching might be to change the Height of
Eye, identify an unknown body, or inspect
the Catalogue.

OBS NO
ACHERNAR
5
Wl'.ITCH TIME 20. 4455
SEXT ALT
630 1. 0
AZ
205 . 2

"

INT
EXAMPLE: The navigator of the vessel
we have been considering made the
following observations at evening twilight
on 7 J<in 1985. The Basic Data is as
shown on page 3 except that the DR
position is 53406'. 7
El.52*23'.8 (the
position by Traverse in the Example in
the Traverse section). The Watch Time
when the vessel's last position fix was
m.:ide W<lS 14hJ3m.
BODY
NO

TIME

SEXT ALT

58

20h37ml5s
20h39m41s
20h42m25s
20h44m55s

2445'
3405'
3704'
6301'

JO
18

'

Access 1he program by DEF D and reduce

the observations. Check with the printout
alongside.

FIX AT

20.3'?

UH
LON
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR

13. G

S3423. I
E ! 5224 . 6
I

0.4

2
3

- 0.5

0.7

WT LAST F I X
SET
ORJF T

0.'?

14.l 3
t// .8
2.5

Fix
DEF F
When this is accessed the computer
calculates the fix from the observations (up
to 40 are permitted) which have been
entered in the Sight Reduction section.
After the fix has !)(,en calculated the
message FIX and the t ime of the fix are

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sha!P PC-1 500.alhtt.o.:/lwww.PC-1500.info

displayed.. THE TIME OF THE FIX IS THE
Sight Ke1ecnon
TIME OF THE OBSERVATION WHICH WAS
FIRST PROCESSED. AU other observations
If it is seen that the results of an
observat ion (Azimuth and Intercept) are
a re au tomatically adjusted to that time.
Observations may be processed in any time
wrong and should be excluded from those
stored in the coniputer, this may be done by
order.
calling up the Reject section.
The next output ls the observed latitude
and longitude of the vessel. The routine
DEF J
used in the program is based on the
assumption that the observations are not
Prompt: REJECT OBS NO
affected by systematic errors and the most
Enter the observation number. If the
probable position is one for which the Slim
printer is being used, the information is
of the squares of the errors, as defined
printed and the prompt r epeated etc. In the
non-printing mode, after pressing ENTER
below, is a minimum.
In cases where
systematic errors arc suspected it is best to
At the
the prompt is also repeated.
plot the position lines and decide, on the
conclusion of this operation as with other
basis of the geometry of the plot etc.,
sections such as !DENT, CAT etc. you may
where the roost probable posit ion lies.
return to sight reduction using the CLOP
section.
If only one observation has been made the
FIX corresponds to the intersection of the
azimu th .Jine drawn from the DR position
Sight Reduction (CLOP)
(towards or away from the body) and the
position line.
If you wish to plot the
DEF H
position line, plot the observed position and
draw a line through it a t right angles to the
This section is IabeUed CLOP which is
azimuth of the body.
short for Continue Line of Position
Calculations.
The errors o f the observations are now
The error of Oln
CLOP should always be used to return to
displayed or printed.
observation is the perpendicular distance
sight reduction when the sequence of
entering sextant observations has been
from the position line to the observed
broken by branching to other sect ions.
position. If the observed sextant altitudes
were corrC'Cted by these errors a perfect
fix w.:>uld be obtained, i.e. all the position
When this section is invoked the
numbering of observations is taken up where
lines would pass through the observed
it was left off. The previously stored
position.
azimuths and intercepts are left intact and
observa tions are now reduced as if the
Large error values often indicate poor
sequence of sight reductions had never been
observations. If it is decided that some
observations should be exc luded or others
interrupted.
added, t he REJ and/or CLOP sections may
be used and a new observed position found.
After ent ering the CLOP section do not
Note that the limit of 40 observations
skip the initial prompt BODY NO even
includes the rejected ones.
though the body is the same as the one
being processed prior to brunching - the
the
program
prompts
for
body number may have been overwritten in
Finally
WT LAST FIX HH.\IM, i.e. watch time of the
the meantime.
la st !ix. t\iter this has been entered the
Set in degrees and Drift in knots whic h
EXAMPLE: If, when working the previous
affected the vessel between fixes is output.
example, by some mischance the sextant
Note that the calculation will not be
altitude for observation number 2 was
entered and processed as 4305' instead
correct ii the time between fixes exceeds
24 hours or the Time Zone or Watch Error
of 3405', the output would include an
intercept of T 525.6 which is obviously
has been changed.
wrong. 1\n examination of the dat a would
indicate
that t he error arose from the
EXAMPLE : Access
t he
program
by
incorrectly ent ered sextant alt itude.
DEF F.
The observations from the
previous Example will be processed. (The
Watch Time of Last Fix is 14h(Jm.) The
To recover from t his error, branch to
printed output is shown on page 9.
REJECT and eliminate the offending

JO

Do not sell this PDF !! !

All and more about Sharp PC-1500_.si.t hltp:ifYLww.PC-1500.info

observation and then enter the observation
t 'lx .;.+ Traverse
again using CLOP. The correction rnay be
DEF G
made at a ny stage of the sight reduction
process, c\len after the sights have been
At the conclusion of,...sight reduction it
processed and a FIX obtained.
If the
will
often be found convenient to transfer
correction is made after the FIX progr,am
the observed position, as obtained by the
has been run, obviously it will be necessary
FIX seetion, to the TRAVERSE section.
to re-run t he FIX program.
This is achieved by pressing DEi' G. The
FIX co-ordinates are then stored and
The printout below shows the incorrect
retained as the starting point lor the next
entry corrected at the end of the sequence
of sight reduc tion and the subsequent Fix.
traverse calculation. The message FIX - >
TRAV appea rs momentarily in the display to
show that the cQ-QrQinates have been
OHS NO
1
transferred. If the printer is connec ted the
VENUS
58
message is printed as well.
WA TCH TIME 20 . 3715
SEXT AL T
7.4 45.0
EXAMPLE: Transfer the FIX co-ordinates
AZ
2/2 . 8
resu lting from the previous C:x;imple to
INT
A
I. 0
the TRAVERSE section. You may access
the TRAVERSE section and review the
OBS NO
2
initial co-ordinates to confirm that the
ALOEBnRAN
10
transfer has been made.
WATCH TIME 20.39'. J
SE XT nL T
4305 . 0
AZ
28.8
Running Up of Sights
!NT
r 525 . 6

OBS NO
3
S IRIUS
18
WArCH TIME 20 . 4225
SEx r ALT
3/04 .0
AZ
85 . 6
I NT
A
0. 0
q
OBS NO
ACHERNAR
5
WATCH TI ME 20.4455
SEXT 11L T
6301 . 0
AZ
205 . 2
INT
T
!3 . 8

REJECT OBS NO

s
OBS NO
10
ALOE BARAN
WATCH TI ME 20 . 39 41
3405.0
SCXT ALT
28 . 8
AZ
n
J4 . /
INT
20.37

FJX AT

LAT
LON
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR

53423. J
EJ52 24. 6

l
3

4
S

- 0.4
-0 . S
0.?
0.J

Any fix base d on a sequence of

observations from a moving vessel is a
running fix. Yet navigators tend to think of
two types of fixes. The first is based on a
number of observations of one body, e.g. the
Sun, the sights often being sep;irated by
The second is based on
some hours.
observations of several bodies observed over
a short period of time, e.g. a se t of sights of
stars and/or planets made at twilight. l'hc
latter type of fix is often treated as though
the observations were made from a
stationary vessel, which in many cases is
incorrect- Both types of fixes arc running
fi xes.
The CN-2000 sight reduction routines use
the correct procedures for either "running
up" and "running back" of sights or Jor
transferring sights, thus obt aining the
greatest possible accuracy.
When comput ing observations made over a
short period of time (such as morning or
evening stars) all sishts a re automatic ally
"run up" or "run back" to THE TIME OF
THE OBSERVATION WHICH WAS FIRST
ENTERED INTO THE PROGRAM.
The
remajning observations may be entered in
any order (not necessarily in the order in
which they were made). The sigh t reduction
is made as if the vessel were stopped a t the
time of the first entered observation and
remained so for all the other observations.
The "running up" (or "running back") routine
11

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

uses the Course and Speed of the vessel
DR
stored in the Basic Data section and it
un
53507'. 6
assumes that these values remain constant
LON
EI
51 2B. 7
during the period of the observations.

OBS NO
SUNLL
WATCH TI ME
SEXT ALT
AZ
! NT

Transfers - Body No 68
When reducing a set of sights the SLOP
and CLOP sections require a Body Number
to be input.
The Body Number and
corresponding name of the celestial body
are found in the CATALOGUE section. The
time of observation and sextant altitude are
then called for. The computer generates
almanac data and reduces the sight, i.e. an
Azimuth and Intercept are calculated.
finally the sight is automatically "run up"
or

11

run bac.:k" to what it would have been

had the sight been taken from the vessel's

position at the time of the observation
which is first entered in the computer. The
vessetts course ()nd speed are used in this

62
;:>. 5? J 3

233/.0
10 l. 4
A

6. 5

DR

LAT
LON

S35 M. 5
El 5 J5 9. B

OBS NO
I
SUNLL
62
WATCH TJ ME I I. I 520
SEXT ALT
6 345 . 0
AZ
67 . I
INT
A
J2 . 4
OBS NO
TRANSFER
AZ
INT

FIX AT
LAT

S3525. 5

68
J0 1 . 4

6. 5

latter process.
This

routine

is

not

suitable

for

observations extending over a long time, nor

is it possible to take into account changes
of . course and speed during the period of
observation. Therefore, for running fixes,
such as sui:i-ru.n-Sun-run-5un where . some
hours may separate 'the observations and the
course 0r speed of the vessel may change,
an alter;iative routine using transferred or
double sights is used.
Each sight is reduced using the SLOP
sect ion o1 the program and the va lues of
the Azimuths and Intercepts which are
output arc recorded. When a position fix is
'required the Azimuths and Intercepts of the
previously reduced sights are entered using
Body Number 68. The computer by-passes
the sight reduction process and stores these
values without further calculation. The FIX
section is now invoked to complete the
operation.
Transfers can, of course, be rejected by
using the REJECT rout ine and, after
branching from the SLOP section, sight
reduction can be resumed by returning via
CLOP and ent er ing additional Transfers etc.

EXAMPLE: The following observations of

the Sun (Lower Limb) were made during
the morning of 7 January 1985. The
Basic Data is the same as for the
12

Do not sell this PDF !! !

I I . 15

ERROR 2

EJ5! 49 . 0
0.0
-0 .0

OR
LAT
LON

EJ 52 12 . I

LON

ERROR J

535 17 . Z

OBS NO
I
SUNLL
62
WAT CH Ti ME 12.331 2
$EXT ALT
7529 . 0
AZ
23 . 9
! NT

OBS NO
TRANSFER
AZ
INT

68
101. 4
A
6.5

OBS NO
TRANSFER
AZ
!NT

68

F IX AT
LAT
LON
ERROR J
ERROR 2
ERROR 3

21. 9

3
67 . I

12 .4

12. 33
535 35 . 8
E J520 1. 7
I. 5
I. 9

-2.7

All and more about Sharp PC-1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info

Catalogue
35 llADAR 0.9
36 MENKEN T 2.3
37 ARCTURUS 0. 2
38 RIG IL KENT 0. 1
39 2U8EN,U 81 2. 9
40 KOCtlAS 2. 2
41 ALPHECCA 2.3
42 ANTARES l. 2
4 3 ATR IA 1.9
4<1 SABIK 2.6
45 SHAULA l .7
46 RASALHAGUE 2. l
4/ ELTANIN 2 . 4
48 KAUS AUST 2.0
43 VEGA 0. l
S0 NUNK I 2. I
S l ALTAIR 0.9
52 PEACOCK 7. . J
S3 DENEB l. 3
S4 EN IF 2.S
SS AL NA, lR 2 .2
56 FOMALHAUT t .3
S7 MARKAB 2 .6
SS V(NUS
59 MARS
60 JUP ! TER
61 SATURN
62 SUNLL
63 SUNC
64 SUNUL
65 MOONLL
66 MOONC
6/ MOONUL
68 TRANSFER

CATALOGUE
0 POLARI S 2.l
I ALPHERATZ 2. 2
2 ANKAA 2. 4
3 SCHEDAR 2.5
4 OIPHOA 2. 2
S ACHERNAR 0 .6
6 HAMAL ;2.2
7 ACAMAR 3. 1
8 MENKAR 2.8
9 MJRFAK l.9
10 AL DEBARAN I. I
11 RIGEL 0.3
12 CAPELLA 0.2
13 BELLATR IX ! ./
14 ELNATH I. 8
IS ALNILAM 1.8
16 BETELGEUSE VAR
I/ CANOPUS - 0.9
18 SI RI US - 1.6
19 ADHARr'I 1 . 6
20 PROCYON 0. 5
21 POLLUX l. 2
22 AV! OR I. 7
23 SlJHAIL 2 . 2
24 MIAPLACIDUS 1.8
25 ALPHARD 2 . 2
26 RE GULUS 1. 3
2/ DUBHE 2. 0
28 DENEBOLA 2.2
29 GIENAlt 2 . 8
30 ACRUX I.I
31 GACRUX I . 6
32 AL I 01 H I . ;>
33 SPICA I. 2
34 ALKAID I. 9

L....J

L-J

i::J

!El

':!.. &!.,'! ~. ~. ~- ~; II;!. ':.'..Iii III Lfil CD D m

~..El~~-~ ~.. ~..~.~ D
IBI Ill &:I ~ _D

1 13 D

i::J 0 D

~ ~

M l. .

Do not sell this PDF !!!

'

~ Ci.I

(]J 1..::J A
l.Zl CD 8 G
lJ 0 D ~ 8
~

U
I

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

P.O. BOX 229 M ILSONS POINT

SYDNEY AUSTRALIA 2061
PHONE (02) 922 3378.

Do not sell this PDF !! !

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

EXAMPLE-

COMPOSITE

SAILING -

3 LEGS

ONLY: Using the same Departure ;md

Arrival points as before and a Limit ing
Latitude of S6ooo, calculate a single
Rhumb line Track and distance t o the
Limiting Latitude, along the Limiting
Parallel of Latitude and from the
Limiting Latitude to the Arrivai point.
The printed output appears below.

COMPOS! TE

DEPART
LAT
LON
ARR IUE
LAT
LON
TRACK
DIST
GC TRACK
GC DJS T
VERTEX
L<'l T
L l MIT I NG
LAT

$4253 . 0
Ei4?2!. 0
556 10 . 0

w 67 15 . 0
98. I
5692 . 0
J 5 1. 0
46 04 . I

56000 . 0

LAT

When the CN-2000 program prompts for a

watch time in the SLOP, CLOP or
IDENTIFICATION sections, the time may be
entered in one of two ways. Eittler the
watch time is keye<l in or ENTER is pressed
at the t ime of observation. If the second
method is used the time from the computer's
internal clock is au tomatically entered into
the calculation and displayed. If the printe r
is not being used, a further pressing of
ENTER advances the program to the next
prompt.
Before using the a utomatic timing feature
the computer's internal clock must be set
according to the Instruction Manual. It wil l
be noted t hat when timing t his way the
months and days at the beginning of the
t ime expression a re suppressed in t he output.
The rate of the computer clock should be
periodically checked.
lf the dock has
gained or lost it may be reset or this watch
error entered in the Basic Data section.

S/5 13 .8

LAT
S6000.0
LON
W!5504 . 5
TRACK
I 15. 8
DJS T
2363.0
137 . 0
GC TRACK
DIST
2292. 4
LON
if RACK
DI ST
GC TRA.CK
GC DIS T

Timing of Sights

560'00. 0

w 9746 .9
90 .0
J?26.2
I J5 . 3
JB64 . 3

LAT
5561 0 . 0
LON
w 6/JS . 0
TRACK
?6 . ?
DI S T
99().4
GC TRACK
90.0
GC DIST
9 85.8

Single-handed navigators who wish to

take advantage of automatic timing face a
practical difficulty because of the time
delay between making an observation and
get ting to t he computer to enter the time
(the body number is input prior to the
observation). The problem ca11 be overcome
by adopting a watch error equal to the time
difference between taking a sight and
pressing the ENTER key. For example, if it
is found that generally 5 seconds elapses
between making an observation <1nd pressing
ENTER, a watch error of F.0005 can be
ent ered in the Ba sic Data sec tion. This
assumes that the internal clock is. correctly
set, otherwise the five second delay must be
combined with the watch error.
WARNING: Standard Times and Watch Times
(corrected for Watch Error) used in the
program refer to the date (year month and
day) entered in the Basic Data section.
Therefore, if the date changes during a
series of observat ions the date stored in
DATA I stlould be changed. This can be
a voided by adding 24 hours to the time s of
observations made after the date change.

15

Do not sell this PDF !!!

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

Other Calculations
Apart from the normal running of the
CN-2000 program, Sharp PC-1500 and
PC-1500A computers can be used for any
calculations whilst the CN-2000 module is
connected provided the following storage
registers are NOT used:
to Z
to E(40)
A$
10 Z$
A$(0) to A$(68)

E(O)

B$(0)

AO to A9
BO 10 B9
CO to C9
DO to 09
F.O to E2

The registers A to Z may be used on the

understanding that data which has beer1
entered as part of the program may be
overwritten.
To guard against an error arising from
any of the a bove, switch off the computer,
withdraw

the

1nodule and

ini tialise

the

CN -2000 program (see page 2).

WARNING:
The computer
performs
ca.lculations to an accuracy of 10 decimal
digi ts but the CN-2000 program displays the
results of calculations with the last digi t
rounded off. Consequently values stored in
the computer may differ from those
displayed or printed by up to ha lf of the
last displayed digit. It follows that if some
of the Exanlples given in this m~tnual i:lre
re-worked using the printed output instead
of values generated by the computer, the
answ ers obtained may be slightly different
from those shown.

Bubble Sextant
The CN-2000 program is intended primarily
for use at sea with a marine sextant.
it is possible t o reduce
Mowever,
observations made with a bubble sextant (or
other instruments which do not use the
vlsjble

horizon as an a ltitude reference)

provided that zero is entered for the Meight

of Eye. For the Sun and the Moon the Body
Numbers to be used a re 63 and 66
respectively.

Figure of Che Earth

C a lculations in the TRAVERSE, RHUMB
LINE & GREAT CIRCLE and COMPOSITE
SAILING sections are based on the WGS 72
(World Geodetic System 1972) Spheroid with
the e xception of Great Circle calculations
which are based on a sphere on the surface
of which an angle of one minute of arc at
the centre subtends one nautical mile.

Accuracy of
Celestial Co-ordinates
If the celestial co-ordina tes generated by

the CN-2000 program a re compared with

those frorn an a(:Cura te almanac the
cnaxinlun1 difference \ViJI not exceed about

0'.2, with the following two exceptions. In

the case of the Moon a small correction has
been applied to the Declinat ion to allow for
the shape of the Earth. for Venus the
co-0rdina tes refer to the centre of light i.e.
the centre of gravity of the light emanating
from the planet.
It will be noticed that there are small
differences between the values of stellar
magnitude genera ted by the CN-2000
program and those tabulated in the Nautical
Almanac. The reason for this is that the
theory used in the CN-2000 program is the
same as that used in the preparation of the

Astronomical
Almanac
the
precise
astronomic al catalogue published by H.M.
Nautical Almanac Office.
To compare CN-2000 <il111anac data with
the Nautical Almanac, access DATA I and
enter the date. Enter zero for TIME ZONE,
DR LAT and DR LON.
Access the
ALMANAC section and enter the hour
rec1uired.
Select a Body Number or skip
through !or a complete output. Note that
LHA's are now GMA's.

Input Fonnafs
For a data entry where a dec imal point is
followed by . a z ero, both the decimal point
and the trailing zero may be omitted.
However if the ligure or figures which
precede the decimal point arc zero, these
must be entered.
E.g. I
E.g. 2

l.atitude Ni712'.0
Enter either N1712.0 or Ni 712
Longitude W00900'.5
Enter either W00900.5 or W900.5

Note also that an arithmetical expression

instead of a single numerical value may be
used as input data.
E.g.
You arc required to input the
distance run by a ship stea111ing at 8.7 knots
over a period of 50 minutes.
You may enter 8.7*50/60.

16

Do not sell this PDF !! !

All and more about Sharp PC-1 500 at http:/lwww.PC-1500.info

Star List

NAME

MAG

SHA

DEC

NO .

NAME

MAG

SHA

DEC

2. 1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.2

326
J58

N 8'J
N 29

35

42

0.9
2. 3
0.2
o. 1
2.9

149
149
146
140
137

s 60
s 36
N 19
s 61

POLARIS
ALPHERATZ
ANKAA.
SCHEDAR
DI PHDA

5
6
7
8
9

ACHERNAR
HAMAL
ACAMAR
MENKAR
MIRFAK

0.6
2.2
3.1
2.a
1. 9

336
328
316
315

N 74
N 27
s 26
s 69

10
11
12
13
14

ALDEBARAN
RIGEL
CAPELLA
BELL,.TRIX

1 1
0.3
0.2
1.7

ELNATH

J.8

291
282
281
279
27'1

15
16
17
lB
19
20

NO .
0
1
2
3

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

JStt

350

N 5l.
S 18

37
38
39

HADAR
MENKENT
ARCTURUS
RIGIL KENT
ZUBEN,UBI

s 57
N 23
s 40
N 4
N SO

40
41
42
43
44

KOCHAB
ALPHECCA
ANTARES
ATRIA
SABIK

2.2
2.3
1.2
1.9
2.6

137
126
113
108
103

N 16
B
N 46
N 6

45
46
47
48

SHAULA
RASALHAGUE
ELTANIN
KAUS AUST

1. 7
2. 1
2.4
2.0

97
96
91

N 2'J

4'J

VEGA

o. 1

276
ALNILAM
1.8
BETELGEUSE 0.1/0.2 271
264
CANOPUS
- 0.9
259
SIRIUS
-1.6
ADHARA
1.6
255

50

NUNKI
ALTAIR
PEACOCK
DENEB
ENIF

2. 1
0.9
2. 1
1.3
2.5

SI,

PROCYON
0.5
POLLUX
1.2
AVIOR
1. 7
SUHAIL
2.2
MIAPLACIDUS 1.B

AL NA,IR
FOMALHAUT
MARKAB
VENUS
MARS

2.2
1.3
2.6

28
16
14

ALPHARD
REGULUS
DUBHE
DENEBOLA
GIENAH
ACRUX
GACRUX
ALIOTH
SPICA
ALKAID

349

30?

245

244
234
223
222

2.2

218

1.3

208

2.0
2.2
2.8

194
183
176

1.1

174
172
167
159
153

1.6
1.7
1.2
1. 9

N
s
s
s

1
7
53
17
29

5
N 28
s 59
s 43
s 70

36

51
52
53
54

55
56

57
SS

59

s 9
N 12
N 62
N 15
s 17

61
62
63
i.4

JUPITER
SATURN
SUNLL
SUNC
SUN UL

(.5

MOONLL

66

MOONC
MOON UL
TRANSFER

(,3
57
N 56
s 11
N 49

Do not sell this PDF !!!

60

67
,8

8"

81

76
l2
50
:JI,

.,6

16

s 37
N 13
N 51
s 34
N 3'1
s 26
N 9
s 57
N 45
N 10
$ 47
s 30
h 15