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Lecture 1 DQ PDF

This document outlines the introduction to a lecture on chemical engineering thermodynamics. It introduces expectations for the course and provides an overview of topics to be covered, including basic concepts like temperature, pressure, work, heat, and kinetic and potential energy. It also outlines the course structure, calendar, and required textbook. The document reviews the history of thermodynamics and provides examples and problems to help explain the basic concepts to be explored in more depth throughout the course.

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Agilen Magalingam
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
112 views

Lecture 1 DQ PDF

This document outlines the introduction to a lecture on chemical engineering thermodynamics. It introduces expectations for the course and provides an overview of topics to be covered, including basic concepts like temperature, pressure, work, heat, and kinetic and potential energy. It also outlines the course structure, calendar, and required textbook. The document reviews the history of thermodynamics and provides examples and problems to help explain the basic concepts to be explored in more depth throughout the course.

Uploaded by

Agilen Magalingam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics: Chapter 1.1-1.9

Dr Dimple Quyn
[email protected]

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Lecture Outline

Expectations (mine and yours)


Structure of unit
Program Calendar
Feedback
Lecture/workshop attendance
Lecture/tute material on BB
Textbook

What is thermodynamics?
Review basic concepts: Force, Temperature, Pressure, Work, Heat,
Potential and Kinetic Energies

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Expectations (mine and yours)


READ required textbook
Problem-solve (understanding solutions ability to problem-solve!)
Attend lectures, workshops, tests
Work consistently and responsibly
Have realistic expectations of yourself and from me!

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Structure of unit
Basic concepts are crucial to the entire unit.
Mathematical proficiency is important, especially from about
mid-way through the unit.
The tests are spaced out during the semester to allow for study,
marking and feedback.

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Program Calendar
Week

Begin Date

Orientation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
9
10.
11.
12.
13.

28 July
1 August
8 August
15 August
22 August
29 August
5 September
12 September
19 September
26 September
3 October
10 October
17 October
24 October

14.

31 October

15.
16.
17.

7 November
14 November
21 November

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Lecture/
Seminar

Pre-readings

Lecture 1,2
Lecture 3,4
Lecture 5,6
Lectures 7,8

Chapter 1-2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5

Lecture 9,10
Lecture 11
Lecture 13,14

Chapter 6
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

Lecture 14,15
Lecture 16,17
Lecture 18
Lecture 19,20

Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 13

Lecture 21, Course


Review

Chapter 13

Tutorial

No tutorial
Tutorial 1
Tutorial 2
Tutorial 3
Tuition Free Week
Tutorial 4
Tutorial 5
Tutorial 6
Tuition Free Week
Tutorial 7
Tutorial 8
Tutorial 9
Tutorial 10

Assessment

BB Quiz 1 (chap 1-2)

BB Quiz 2 (chap 3-5)


Test 1 (Thur 15 Sept)
BB Quiz 3 (chap 6)
BB Quiz 4 (chap 6-10)
Test 2 (Fri 21 Oct)
BB Quiz 5 ( chap 11-13)

Tutorial 11
Study Week
Exams Week 1
Exams Week 2

Feedback
After each test, there will be an opportunity to review your
marks this could have either a positive or negative outcome!
Its not possible logistically to comment on each of 200 student
assessments! Test solutions and general feedback will be
provided.
If you are concerned about your progress during this unit,
please come and see me without further delay.

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Lectures/Workshops/Textbook
The required textbook is REQUIRED!

8AM lectures are a challenge, but so


is life as an engineer.
Friday afternoons can be difficult,
but take it as preparation for the real
world of endless Friday deadlines.

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History of Thermodynamics
Thermo is derived from the Greek word thermos meaning hot
Dynamic is derived from the Greek word dunamikos meaning powerful
In the mid 1800s, William Thompson, better
known as Lord Kelvin, is widely credited with
coining the term thermo-dynamics in one of
his papers on the nature of heat.

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James Joule, Sadi Carnot, Rudolph Clausius


and Willard Gibbs were contemporary
scientists/engineers in the 19th century. We
will learn about their contributions to
thermodynamics throughout this unit.

What is Thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its relationship to other
forms of energy.
The Laws of Thermodynamics were formulated by experimental
observation, not by mathematical derivation.

What is heat?
In order to understand heat in context, we need to first review some basic
concepts.

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Force
Fun 1-1: State Newtons 2nd Law of Motion. What are the units of force?
If an astronaut weighs 730 N on earth, what is his weight on the moon if
g= 1.67 m/s2 on the moon and g = 9.79 m/s2 on earth?

F = ma

1 Newton is force applied to a 1 kg mass to accelerate it to


1 m/s2

mass

weight

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SI Units
In this unit, the SI system of units will be used:

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Temperature
Fun 1-2: How do you measure hotness or coldness?

1. Sense of hotness or coldness


2. Temperature scales are
rather arbitrary
3. Absolute zero is minimum
temperature achievable

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Pressure

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Pressure
Fun 1-3: Estimate the pressure of the gas using a mercury manometer at 27C. Assume
the density of Hg = 13.53 g/cm3 at 27 C and the height of the Hg in the column is 60.5
cm. Is this absolute pressure or gauge pressure? Assume g = 9.784 m/s2.

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Work
Work if performed when a force F acts through a distance dl.
Work is positive in the same direction as the displacement dl.

dW = F.dl

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Work
Fun 1-4: If a piston is compressed from point 1 to 2, derive an expression for
the work done W by the piston on the gas, in terms of its pressure P and
volume V.
P
2

1
V

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Potential and Kinetic Energies

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Principle of Energy Conservation

EK + EP = 0
Notes: 1. Above Eq. is only true for pure mechanical systems (i.e. no
heat (friction), no work etc.)
2. Other forms of energies such as that for configuration
may also exist (spring energy)

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Heat
Prior to the mid-19th century, heat was regarded as an
indestructible fluid called caloric, until Joules experiments resulted
in heat being given the status of energy.

When we touch something hot what we feel is something being


transferred to our finger! It is heat how obvious is that?
What makes heat travel from a hot body to a cold one? Can
heat travel from a cold body to a hot one?

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Heat
Heat Q and work W exist as energy in transit: they cannot be stored!
UNITS OF HEAT: 1 Calorie = 4.1840 J = 0.003366 Btu

What happens to the energy when it enters a system as heat?

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Summary and Pre-Reading


Force

Temperature
Pressure
Work
Heat
Kinetic and Potential Energies
Next lecture pre-reading: chapter 2 in textbook

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