Scribd
Upload
186 views

Tutorial 3

This document provides information on various topics related to atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy. It discusses the need for source modulation in flame AAS, how cesium acts as an ionization suppressor, the components and process of flame AAS, types of interferences and methods to overcome them, and using the standard addition method to determine unknown elemental concentrations in samples.

Uploaded by

shahera rosdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
186 views

Tutorial 3

This document provides information on various topics related to atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy. It discusses the need for source modulation in flame AAS, how cesium acts as an ionization suppressor, the components and process of flame AAS, types of interferences and methods to overcome them, and using the standard addition method to determine unknown elemental concentrations in samples.

Uploaded by

shahera rosdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

TUTORIAL 3

In flame AAS, justify the need to do source modulation
In the analysis of potassium by atomic spectroscopy, it is recommended that the
solutions used should contain CsCl. Relate how cesium acts as an ionization
suprresor
In flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS):
a. Name the line source used
b. Describe what happens when the liquid sample undergoes nebulization
c. Explain why source modulation is necessary during the analysis
d. State one disadvantage of AAS when used for elemental analysis
In the analysis of Ca using Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, the presence of SO42- and
PO43- ions prevent the atomization of Ca2+ by forming non volatile salts
a. Name the type of interference described above
b. List two (2) methods which can be used to cure the interference
Explain why flame atomic emission analysis is sensitive to flame temperature (must
maintain flame stability)
In the determination of silicon, Si, in jet-engine oils using AAS, the standard addition
method was used and the following data was obtained
Solution
Concentration of added Si
Absorbance
standard (ppb)
Blank
0.0
0.018
Addition 1
12.5
0.094
Addition 2
25.0
0.139
Addition 3
37.5
0.179


a) State why the standard addition was used for this analysis
b) Plot the standard addition graph and determine the amount of Si present in the
oil sample
7. State two (2) differences between the techniques employed in flame atomic
absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and flame atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) in
terms of source of light and uses of flame.
8. Define the following terms:
a. Atomization
b. Nebulization
c. Aspiration
9. Name two (2) types of interferences in atomic spectroscopy and give one method to
cure each interference
10. Describe the functions of the following devices found in a double beam atomic
absorption spectrophotometer
a. Chopper

b. Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL)


c. Burner
11. The amount of unknown cadmium, Cd in an aqueous sample was determined by
pipetting 20.0 mL each of the unknown into five 50.0 mL volumetric flasks. Various
volumes of a standard containing 10.0 ppm Cd were added to the flasks. The linear
regression of the standard addition graph is y= 1.645x + 0.266
a. Provide the reason for using standard addition analysis
b. Calculate the concentration of Cd in the sample
12. A standard addition experiment was done to determine the concentration of
calcium, Ca in wastewater samples by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
(FAAS). 10 mL of aliquots were added into 50 mL volumetric flasks. The response of
the aliquots were measured and the following data were obtained
Solution
Concentration of added Ca2+
Absorbance
standard (ppb)
Blank
0.0
0.018
Addition 1
12.5
0.094
Addition 2
25.0
0.139
Addition 3
37.5
0.179

a) Sketch and label the standard addition graph
b) Determine the concentration of Ca in the wastewater if the value of x-
intercepted from the graph, (CSA) is -7.0 ppb.
c) The analysis of calcium can also be performed with flame atomic emission
spectrometer (FAES). Differentiate between any two (2) principles in FAAS
and FAES
13. Briefly explain the function of adding a releasing agent such as La3+ during the
analysis of calcium using the flame absorption spectroscopy
14. AAS can be used to determine the lead (Pb) concentration in industrial wastewater.
A student prepared a series of standard Pb solutions for comparison and the
absorbance for each solution was measured. The results are shown in the table
below.

Solution
Concentration of added Pb
Absorbance
standard (ppb)
Blank
0.0
0.018
Standard 1
1.654
0.154
Standard 2
3.308
0.226
Standard 3
4.962
0.300
Standard 4
6.616
0.379
Standard 5
8.270
0.448

Plot the standard addition graph and find the concentration of Pb present in the
wastewater sample
15. Spectral interferences is a type of interference in atomic spectroscopy
a. Explain what is meant by spectral interference
b. State one (1) method which can be used to cure this interference
16. A Cd line at 228.802 nm causes spectral interference with the As line at 228.812 nm
in most atomic spectrometers. How can this type of interference can be removed?
17. When is it better to analyze a sample by the method of standard additions rather
than by direct reading from a calibration curve?

You might also like