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AP Comp Sci Summer Work

This document contains a vocabulary list for hardware and internet terms related to computer processing and networking. It defines 46 terms across categories like basic computer processing, hardware components, and networks. Terms defined include hardware, program, software, CPU, main memory, secondary memory, operating system, application, analog technology, digital technology, computer architecture, peripheral, controller, bit, byte, volatility, RAM, ROM, register, arithmetic logic unit, network, file server, LAN, WAN, Internet, protocol, IP address, domain name, subdomain, top-level domain, World Wide Web, browser, and URL.

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50 views5 pages

AP Comp Sci Summer Work

This document contains a vocabulary list for hardware and internet terms related to computer processing and networking. It defines 46 terms across categories like basic computer processing, hardware components, and networks. Terms defined include hardware, program, software, CPU, main memory, secondary memory, operating system, application, analog technology, digital technology, computer architecture, peripheral, controller, bit, byte, volatility, RAM, ROM, register, arithmetic logic unit, network, file server, LAN, WAN, Internet, protocol, IP address, domain name, subdomain, top-level domain, World Wide Web, browser, and URL.

Uploaded by

Lopez Andre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name_________Kartik Singh______________________

Vocab)

APCS A (Ch1 Hardware & Internet

Read pages 2-24 and complete the following vocabulary list. If you need an additional source,
check out a free online dictionary of computing at http://foldoc.org/.

1.0 Basic Computer Processing, Software Categories, Digitization


1 hardware
Physical components of a computer. If it can be touched, then it is
hardware. Some example includes chips, boxes, wires, keyboards,
speakers etc.
2

program

Instructions that hardware performs one after another such as


coded instructions for the automatic performance of a particular
task.

software*

programs used to direct the operation of a computer, as well as


give instructions on how to use them

CPU

The Central Processing Unit is the that interprets and executes


program instructions

I/O device

The input output devices are also known as peripherals and input
and output information into the system.

main memory

The device used by a system to hold the current program and its
data.

secondary memory

Stores software for a long term until it is deleted ands stored in a


hard drive or optical drives.

operating system*

The software that handles the interface of the system

user interface

The platform that allows a user to interact with the system.

10 application*

A separate self-contained program other than the operating system

11 GUI

The use of graphics and pictures to represent the inputs and


outputs of a program

12 analog technology*

information is transmitted by modulating a continuous


transmission signal, such as amplifying a signal's strength or
varying its frequency

13 digital technology*

Breaks up information into pieces and records them in binary


code combinations.

14 digitized data

Analog information is converted to a digital format by breaking


them up into pieces

15 binary number system

A method of representing numbers that has 2 as its base and uses


only the digits 0 and 1

1.1 Hardware Components


16 computer architecture
the structure, behaviour, and design of computers
17 peripheral*

Help serve as a bridge between the user and the cpu by helping
input and output the data.

18 controller

Sends information back and forth from the cpu and main memory
to the peripherals.

19 data transfer device*

Data Transfer Services serve as another type of peripheral and


allows information back and forth

20 bit

A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single


binary value, either 0 or 1

21 byte

A sequence of adjacent bits operated on as a unit by a computer. A


byte usually consists of eight bits.

22 volatility

Information that is stored in it will be lost if its electric power


supply if the power source is lost.

23 RAM

random access memory a type of computer memory that can be


accessed randomly

24 ROM

ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off

25 control unit

a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that


directs operation of the processor.

26 registers

a register is one of a small set of data holding places that are part
of a computer processor

27 arithmetic logic unit

digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations. It

represents the fundamental building block of the central


processing unit
28 instruction register

part of a CPU's control unit that stores the instruction currently


being executed or decoded

29 program counter

A program counter is a register in a computer processor that


contains the address (location) of the instruction being executed at
the current time.

30 von Neumann
architecture

Machines that follow the fetch decode execute style.

31 microprocessor

an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central


processing unit of a computer

1.2 Networks
32 Network

Communication systems for hardware and software

33 file server

A computer which does nothing but store programs and data that
are needed by other users

34 network address

The individual address that a computer that helps mark the


uniqueness of the computer. Also comprises of the network
portion of an ip address.

35 LAN

Local area network which is designed to connect in short span


distances

36 WAN

Wide area network connects LANs across long spans and one
computer of each network works as the means of communication.

37 Internet

world's collection of interconnected networks

38 ARPANET

A WAN that expanded and eventually became known as Internet.

39 protocol

Formal rules of how two things communicate

40 IP

Internet Protocol which defines how information is formatted and


transferred

41 Internet address*

The Internet address is the internet name of a computer. One


address example would be spencer.mcps.org

42 domain name*

Domain Name is the full name of a system, consisting of its local


hostname and its domain name

43 subdomain*

an Internet domain which is part of a primary domain.

44 top-level domain*

refers to the last segment of a domain name, or the part that


follows immediately after the "dot" symbol

45 World Wide Web

an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be


connected to other documents by hypertext links.

46 browser*

A software too that loads html files in a gui for display

47 URL*

Uniform Resource Locator, an address that refers to a resource on


the world wide web

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