Scribd
Upload
36 views

Lesson3 ITConceptsComputerSystem

The document discusses the basics of information technology including definitions of key terms like computer, data, information, hardware, software, and peopleware. It describes the main parts and functions of a computer system including input, processing, storage, and output. It also discusses different types of computers and their uses as well as various computer components, both hardware and software. Computer networks and connectivity options are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Jae
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Lesson3 ITConceptsComputerSystem

The document discusses the basics of information technology including definitions of key terms like computer, data, information, hardware, software, and peopleware. It describes the main parts and functions of a computer system including input, processing, storage, and output. It also discusses different types of computers and their uses as well as various computer components, both hardware and software. Computer networks and connectivity options are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Jae
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 52

Information Technology

COMPUTER is an electronic machine that


follows a set of instructions in order that it
may be able to accept and gather data and
transform these into information.

DATA is a collection of independent and


unorganized facts.
DATA PROCESSING is the course of doing
things in a sequence of steps.
INFORMATION is the processed and
organized data presented in a meaningful
form.

PROCESSING
SYSTEM

DATA

INFORMATION

1.
2.
3.
4.

It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)


It processes data to become
information. (PROCESSING)
It stores data and information.
(STORE)
It presents information. (OUTPUT)

HARDWARE is the tangible part of a


computer system.
SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part
that tells the computer how to do its
job.
PEOPLEWARE refer to people who use
and operate the computer system,
write computer programs, and analyze
and design the information system.

MICROCOMPUTER (Personal Computer) is


most widely used especially at home
because of its affordable price and
manageability.
MINICOMPUTER perform multi-tasking and
allow many terminals to be connected to
their services.
MAINFRAME are large general purpose
computers.

MAINFRAME
COMPUTERS

MINICOMPUTERS

MICROCOMPUTERS/
PERSONAL
COMPUTERS
8

HARDWARE is the tangible part of a computer


system.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)


Memory Unit
Input Devices
Output Devices
Secondary Storage Devices

10

Brain of the computer.


It directs and controls the entire computer
system and performs all arithmetic and
logical operations.

11

Where the programs and data


are stored .

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)


contains the pre-programmed
computer instructions such as the
Basic Input Output System (BIOS).
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
is used to store the programs and
data that you will run. Exists only
when there is power.

12

13

Allows data and programs to be sent to the


CPU.

Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Microphone
Webcam
Scanner
Monitor

14

Traditional keyboards
Flexible keyboards
Ergonomic keyboards
Wireless keyboards
PDA keyboards

15

Mechanical - a type of
computer mouse that has a
rubber or metal ball on its
underside and it can roll in
every direction.
Optical: This type uses a
laser for detecting the
mouse's movement.

16

PS/2 Mouse

Serial Mouse

USB

Cordless Mouse

17

Trackball

Track point

Touch pad

Touch Screen

18

Joystick input device for


computer games

Light Pens light-sensitive


penlike device
Stylus penlike device
commonly used with tablet
PCs and PDAs.

19

Optical scanners
Card readers
Bar code readers
Character and mark recognition devices

20

Digital Cameras

Digital Video Cameras

21

An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology


uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data
between a reader and a movable item to identify,
categorize, track..
Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact
between reader/scanner and the tagged item.
Performs the operation using low cost components.
Attempts to provide unique identification and
backend integration that allows for wide range of
applications.

22

23

Biometrics authentication (or realistic


authentication) is used in computer science
as a form of identification and access
control. It is also used to identify
individuals
in
groups
that
are
under surveillance.

Types
Fingerprints
iris scans/retinal scans
face scans, and other personal information that
is more difficult to forge.
24

FACE RECOGNITION

25

FINGER SCAN

26

IRIS / RETINA SCAN

27

Media used by the computer in displaying its


responses to our requests and instructions.
Monitor
Audio Speakers
Printer

28

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

29

IMPACT PRINTERS uses pressure by physically


striking the paper. Ex. Daisy wheel printers,
line printers, dot matrix printers & band
printers.
NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply
pressure on the paper but instead produces
character by using lasers, ink spray,
photography or heat.

30

Dot matrix
printer

Laser
printer

Inkjet printer
31

Attached to the computer system to allow you


to store programs and data permanently for
the purpose of retrieving them for future use.
Diskette, Hard disk, CD Rom, External
HardDrive, Memory Card

32

The most common secondary storage device


before but has been obsolete.
3.5 disk 1.44MB

33

Floppy disk cartridges


3 inches in diameter
Stores more information
Zip disks

34

Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks


Holds a greater amount of data

10MB in 1980s
600MB in mid 1990s
4.3GB in 1999
180GB in 2001
400GB - 2004

35

A standard part of modern desktop machines,


especially used for multimedia purposes and
preferred in loading applications.

36

Blue Ray Disk 40G


Digital Versatile Disk
DVD-R write once, 3.95G
DVD RW rewritable, 3G
Single Layer and Double Layer

Compact Disk
CD-R write once, 650MB
CD-RW rewritable, 700MB

37

CD-ROM
CD-Writer
DVD-Combo
DVD Writer

read CDs
read/write
read/write
read/write
read/write

CDs
CDs, read DVD
CDs
DVDs

38

Solid-State Storage
No moving parts
Flash memory cards

USB flash drives

39

Casing or cover
Power Supply
Motherboard
Microprocessor
Memory
Video Card

Sound card
Floppy disk drive
Hard disk drive
CD-ROM drive
MODEM

40

The box or outer shell


that houses most of the
computer, it is usually
one of the most
overlooked parts of the
PC.
Protects the computer
circuits, cooling and
system organization.

41

Responsible for powering every device in


your computer.
Uninterrupted Power Supply (UTP)
Will not shut off for almost an hour even without
electricity

42

The physical arrangement in a computer


that contains the computers basic circuitry
and components.
Components are:

Microprocessor
(Optional) Coprocessors
Memory
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Expansion Slot
Interconnecting circuitry

43

44

Instructions that tell the computer how to


process data into the form you want.
Software and programs are interchangeable.
Two major types:
System and Applications

45

1.System Software enables the application


software to interact with the computer hardware.
Operating
Systems
are
programs
that
coordinate computer resources, provide an
interface between users and the computer; and
run applications.
Utilities perform specific tasks related to
managing computer resources.
Device drivers are specialized programs
designed to allow particular input or output
devices to communicate with the rest of the
computer system.
46

Managing resources (memory, processing,


storage, and devices like printer).
Providing user interface
Running applications

47

2.

Applications Software - provides the real


functionality of a computer. It help you use
your computer to do specific types of work.

Basic Applications, widely used in all career areas.


Specialized Applications, more
narrowly focused
on specific disciplines and occupations.

48

A computer network or data network is


a
telecommunications
network
which
allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing
devices exchange data with each other using
a data link.
The
connections
between
nodes
are
established
using
either
cable
media or wireless media. The best-known
computer network is the Internet.

49

Connecting devices enable the hardware to


communicate with each other
A parallel connector is used to plug a printer into a
system box
Parallel connector interfaces with a parallel port
that is connected to an expansion card

50

Connectivity software
enables a computer to dial up or connect to
another computer

Web browser software


enables a computer to surf the Web

E-mail software
enables electronic communication with other
people by sending and receiving e-mail

51

Infrared also called IR or IrDA (infrared data


association) - uses red light to send and receive
information

Bluetooth - standard for transmitting information

in the form of short range radio waves over


distances of up to 30 feet and is used for purposes
such as wirelessly connecting a cell phone or a PDA
to a computer
WiFi (wireless fidelity) - standard for transmitting
information in the form of radio waves over
distances up to about 300 feet

52

You might also like