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Thumb Rules in Civil Engineering

This document provides information to calculate the quantity of steel required for different structural building elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings. It gives approximate steel quantities in kg per cubic meter for conventional slabs (60-65 kg/m3), beams (200-220 kg/m3), columns (200-250 kg/m3), and footings (100-120 kg/m3). It also provides steel quantities for other specific structural elements. The document then discusses calculating quantities of bricks, sand, cement, and mortar for masonry walls based on wall thickness and mortar thickness. It provides 4 example cases analyzing percentage of bricks and mortar in walls of different thicknesses.

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Adil Imtiaz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views

Thumb Rules in Civil Engineering

This document provides information to calculate the quantity of steel required for different structural building elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings. It gives approximate steel quantities in kg per cubic meter for conventional slabs (60-65 kg/m3), beams (200-220 kg/m3), columns (200-250 kg/m3), and footings (100-120 kg/m3). It also provides steel quantities for other specific structural elements. The document then discusses calculating quantities of bricks, sand, cement, and mortar for masonry walls based on wall thickness and mortar thickness. It provides 4 example cases analyzing percentage of bricks and mortar in walls of different thicknesses.

Uploaded by

Adil Imtiaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To Calculate quantity of Steel in Slab , Beam, Column & Footing

Slab area is 400 square meter, thickness of the slab is 150 mm.
Concrete quantity required to cast this slab is 400*0.15 = 60 Cubic meter.
After calculating concrete quantity, you can remember these thumb rules just for getting a basic
idea of how much quantity of steel is required in those structural members.
Steel quantity in a conventional slab (excluding its beams) will be around 60 to 65 Kg per Cubic
meter.
In beams it will be around 200 to 220 kg per cubic meter.
In columns it'll be around 200 to 250 kg per cubic meter.
For raft footings it'll be around 100 to 120 kg per cubic meter.
Column footings 75 kg/m3
Grade beams 100 kg/m3
Plinth beams 125 kg/m3
Main beams above 6m 250 kg/m3
Columns 225 kg/m3
Lintel beam 125 kg/m3
Sunshades 60 kg/m3
Canopy slab upto 2.0 m span 125 kg/m3
Staircase waist slab 150 kg/m3
Roof slab
(a) One way slab 80 kg/m3
(b) Two way slab 100 kg/m3
(c) Square slab 4m to 6m size 150 kg/m3

To Estimate for Number of Bricks , sand, cement


Multiply the size of brick and get the volume ffor e.g.
4 inch brick
= 9"x3"x4"
=0.75 x 0.25 x 0.33 =0.061875 cubic foot
Now 10.061875 = 16 bricks
In any kind of BRICK WORK 33% mortar is assumed in one cubiic foot
That is in 100 cubic foot 33% Will be 33 cubic foot
Consider mortar mix ratio 1:6

Therefore for cement = 33 7 (addition of 1 and 6)


=4.711.25 (1 cement bag is 1.25 cu.ft.)
=3.768 ~3.8 bags
Sand = 4.71 7 = 33 cu.ft

take brickwork as 100 percent then deduct the mortar


for e.g
6 " wall dimension 10' x 10'
10 feet divided by numbers of mortar layer which will be decided by dividing it by
brick laying format for stretcher bond it will be
10' / .33 (4 inch = .33[4/12])
=30 numbers + 1 = 31 ( this was for vertical )
now for horizontal
10'/.75 = 13+1 = 14 joints
now
10' x .5 x .08 ( dimesion of mortar laid in horizontal direction) = 0.4 x 31 joints =
12.4 cu.ft
&
10' x .33 x .08 ( dimension of mortar laid in vertical direction) =0.264 x 14 joints =
3.7
add both i.e 12.4 + 3.7 = 16.1 cu.ft
if 10' x 10' x 6" = 50 cu.ft is 100 % the how much percent will be 16.1 of 50 cu.ft ..
16.1/50x100 = 32.2 say 33%
wooah .. that was quite a lecture

Percentage of Bricks and Mortar in a


Masonry Wall
Posted on March 16, 2015 by UBAIDAHMAD 7 Comments

Percentage of Bricks and Mortar in a


Masonry Wall
By Jahanzaib
16-3-2015

Case 1: When thickness of the wall is 4.5 and that of mortar is 12mm, having
the following plan.

In this case
Height of the wall along with the mortar = (10 x 3) + [(9 x 12)/25.4] = 34.252
In the above equation
10 = No of Brick Layers
9 = No of layers of Mortar of 12mm each
3 = Brick Height in inches
Width= 4.5
Length of the wall along with the mortar= (5.5 x 9) + [(512)/25.4]
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= LWH
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= 7993.72 cubic inch
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= 4.626 cft
Now Number of Bricks= 55
Volume of One Brick= (9/128) cft
Total volume of bricks used= 55 x (9/128) = 3.867 cft
%age of bricks used = (3.867 / 4.626)*100 = 83.6 = 84%
%age of mortar used= 16.4%

Case 2:When thickness of the wall is 9 and that of mortar is 12mm, having the
following plan.

In this case
Height of the wall along with the mortar = (10 x 3 ) + [( 9 x 12 )/25.4] = 34.252
Width of the wall along with the mortar = (9+12/25.4) = 9.472
Length of the wall along with the mortar= (5.5 x 9) + (5 x 12/25.4) = 51.862
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= LWH
Volume of the wall along with the mortar=16826.678 cubic inch
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= 9.7376 cft
Now Number of Bricks= 110
Volume of One Brick= 9/128 cft
Total volume of bricks used= 110 x (9/128) = 7.7344 cft
So
%age of bricks used = (7.7344 / 9.7376) x 100 = 79.43% = 80%
%age of mortar used= 20.57% = 21%

Case 3: When thickness of the wall is 4.5 and that of mortar is 10mm, having
the following plan.

In this case
Height of the wall along with the mortar = (10 x 3) + (9 x 10/25.4) = 33.543
width = 4.5
Length of the wall along with the mortar= (5.5 x 9) + (5 x 10/25.4) = 51.468
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= LWH
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= 4.4959 cft
Now Number of Bricks= 55
Volume of One Brick= 9/128 cft
Total volume of bricks used= 55 x 9/128 = 3.8672 cft
%age of bricks used = (3.8672 / 4.4959) x 100 = 86%
%age of mortar used = 14%

Case 4:When thickness of the wall is 9 and that of mortar is 10mm, having the
following plan.

In this case
Height of the wall along with the mortar = (10 x 3) + (9 x 10/25.4) = 33.543
width = (9 + 10/25.4) 9.3937
Length of the wall along with the mortar= (5.5 x 9) + (5 x 10/25.4) = 51.468
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= LWH
Volume of the wall along with the mortar= 9.38513 cft
Now Number of Bricks= 110
Volume of One Brick= 9/128 cft
Total volume of bricks used= 110 x 9/128 = 7.7344 cft
%age of bricks used = (7.7344 / 9.38513) x 100 = 82.4% = 82%
%age of mortar used = 17.6% = 18%

Conclusion

Where in it
W= wall thickness in inches
m= thickness of the mortar in mm
The answer will be the %age of mortar, and for better results round it off.
Its Verification is given below after the example from observation.
EXAMPLE:
If thickness of the wall is 4.5 and that of mortar is 12mm, then what will the percentage of
mortar used in the wall?
Solution:

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