Scribd
Upload
93 views6 pages

Notes To Rewrite

This document summarizes key aspects of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes normal heart pressures and blood flow, the structure and function of heart valves, coronary artery anatomy, factors affecting preload and afterload, and how stroke volume and cardiac output are calculated. It also reviews ECG wave patterns, common cardiac medications and their side effects, diagnostic tests for myocardial infarction, and treatments for congestive heart failure and hypertension.

Uploaded by

Eunice Angela Fulgueras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
93 views6 pages

Notes To Rewrite

This document summarizes key aspects of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes normal heart pressures and blood flow, the structure and function of heart valves, coronary artery anatomy, factors affecting preload and afterload, and how stroke volume and cardiac output are calculated. It also reviews ECG wave patterns, common cardiac medications and their side effects, diagnostic tests for myocardial infarction, and treatments for congestive heart failure and hypertension.

Uploaded by

Eunice Angela Fulgueras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

CARDIO

LV pressure 120 180 mmHg


RA

60 80 mmHg

1. Atrioventricular Valves
a. TV
b. MV / BV
- 1st heart sound (S1 lub)
2. Semi lunar Valves
a. P
b. A
- 2nd heart sound (S2 dub)

RCA Rside, inferior LV, bk septum


LCA CircumF (bk) & LAD (front)
PRELOAD

stretch; V returning to RA

AFTERLOAD

squeeze; resistance to pump bld out

STROKE VOLUME amt of bld pumped out of ventricles

CO = HR x SV
SA 60 100 bpm
AV 40 60 bpm
Bundle of His < 40 bpm
Purkinje Fibers 20 40 bpm

ECG WAVES
- P WAVE (atrial depolarization) contraction
QRS WAVE (v.d.) 0.06 0.10 sec (1/2 of PR int.)
- T WAVE (v.r.) <0.12
- PR interval 0.12 0.20 seconds

1 sec:

Big box= 5

Sb 2.5

1 box = 0.20 sec


1 small box = 0.04

BLOOD FLOW
SVC / IVC RA TV RV
PV PA Lungs
Pv
LA BV LV
AV Aorta Body
(Try b4 you buy)

HPN

Diet
o Restrict cholesterol, saturated fats, Sodium
o Maintain adequate intake of K, CA, MG

1. Cardiac Enzymes
a. CPK MB
- Creatinine phosphokinase is
- Heart only, 12 24 hours
b. LDH Lactic acid dehydrogenase
c. SGPT Serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase
d. SGOT Serum glutamic oxal-acetic transaminase is (ALT / AST)
2. Troponin Test (last 30m)
3. ECG tracing reveals
a. ST segment elevation
b. T wave inversion
c. Widening QRS complexes arrhythmia in MI
4. Serum Cholesterol / uric acid
5. CBC WBC Myoglobin (1st but fast to dec)
ONSET
Myoglobin

0 85
ng/mL

Anytime

AST

8-20

Anytime

5-34
Trop

<.6

3 6 hrs

CPK-MB

0 -76 30200

4-8

45 90
125-243

3 4 days

iso enzyme
Creatine kinase
LDH

MORPHINE SULFATE Side Effects: respiratory depression

Antidote: NARCAN/NALOXONE

Side Effects of Naloxone Toxicity is tremors

Lidocaine (Xylocane)
- Side Effects: confusion and dizziness

g. Anti Coagulant
- Heparin (ck PTT 60 - 70 s) IV or SL
Antidote: PROTAMINE SULFATE
(Preve conversion of factors needed in form of clots)
AR: angina, numb, hdache, dvt sx, dob

PTT measures other clotting factors (bld or thrombotic episode)

- Coumadin/ Warfarin Sodium (ck PT 11 12 s) PO


Antidote: VITAMIN K
(Preve formation clots by altering metabolism of vit K)
AR: severe bld, red/brown urine, hdache, jt pain, blk tarry stool

PT how long it takes blood to clot.

Resumption of ADL particularly sexual intercourse is 2 wks; 4 6 weeks post cardiac


rehab, post CABG

Cardiomyopathy
1. Dilated or congestive cardiomyopathy (DC) ventricular dilation and impaired
systolic contractile function. Emboli may occur because of blood stasis in the
dilated ventricles. most common.
2. Hypertrophic inappropriate myocardial hypertrophy without ventricular dilation.
Obstruction to left ventricular outflow may or may not be present.
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RC) abnormally rigid ventricles with decreases
diastolic compliance. The ventricular cavity , and clinical manifestations are
similar to constrictive pericarditis.

CHF
TREATMENT (MADDOG)
M orphine Sulfate
A minophylline
D igoxin
D iuretics
O xygen

G ases, blood monitor

CVP ck R side of heart


o RA (must be leveled)
o N: 6 12 mmHg
o
fld V
o

SWAN-GANZ R heart catheterization


ck RA, PA, pulm capillaries
Pulm Art Press systolic (PAP) - 20 30

Pulm Capillary Wedge Press (PCWP) - 8 13

CARDIAC CATH ck CAD

*** HYPERKALEMIA digitalis toxicity


Fruits:

Apple, Banana, Cantaloupe + Orange

Veg:

Asparagus, Broc, Carrots, + Potato


Prunes, raisins, apricots

ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM (AAA)


Sx

D ull abd, back pain


P ulsating mass
H PN
ASx
Systolic bruit

THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSMS

Constant, boring angina when lying in the supine position


Brassy cough
Hoarseness
Dysphagia

RHEUMATIC HEART DSE


JONES CRITERIA at least 1-2 major sx and 2 minor
Ex: Carditis + leukocytosis, fever
Minor Sx
1. Fever
2. Arthralgia (hist RF, prolong PR interval, ESR leukocytosis)

Major SX
1. Carditis - acute glomerulo nephritis (AGN)
a. HR / Cardiomegaly
2. Polyarthritis 75% - swollen hot painful joints
3. Sydenhams chorea 10%
a. Basal ganglia inflam (ctrls etrem)- Sudden aimless irreg mvmt extrem ->
seizure
2. Erythema marginatum 5%
a. Non pruritic rash (itchy-> impetigo staph)
3. SQ nodules - Non tender lesions over bony prominences

ASO titer ( > 117 TODD)


Ab: IM BENZATHINE

PENICILLIN - 2 mo; eradicate gabsi

Diet chon/ adeq cal

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDER


RD
Female (cold, stress) > 40

distal cyanosis (fingers)


Vasospastic Sm art and arterioles
S & S:

Hypersens,
immunocompromised
clotting (hematoma)
tissue hypoxia

Allens Test (radial and ulnar art.)


Wear leather gloves to keep warm

BD (Boys, Below extrem) Thromboangitis


Obliterans
Young 20-40 Male (smoke, emo)
distal cyanosis (toes)
Inflam dse of sm & med-sized art
and veins
DVT
Paresthesia
peripheral pulses ulceration /
gangrene
intermit. claudication in foot arch
Doppler UTZ
Oscillometry in peripheral
pulses
slow progressive physical activity
a. walking 3 4x/day
b. out of bed 3 4x/day
NICOTINE PATCH (NICOTROL)

You might also like