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Problem Statement

There are three key issues discussed in the document: 1) Lahore has issues with clean drinking water due to untreated domestic and industrial waste contaminating rivers and canals. This waste is the main cause of high arsenic levels in water samples across Punjab. 2) A study from 2006 found that 100% of water samples from Lahore were highly contaminated. Groundwater levels are decreasing in Lahore which risks depleting the resource. 3) A study of water quality in urban Lahore found Total Dissolved Solids levels were within guidelines but some homes had higher levels likely due to wastewater infiltration. Proper chlorination is needed to improve water quality.

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49 views

Problem Statement

There are three key issues discussed in the document: 1) Lahore has issues with clean drinking water due to untreated domestic and industrial waste contaminating rivers and canals. This waste is the main cause of high arsenic levels in water samples across Punjab. 2) A study from 2006 found that 100% of water samples from Lahore were highly contaminated. Groundwater levels are decreasing in Lahore which risks depleting the resource. 3) A study of water quality in urban Lahore found Total Dissolved Solids levels were within guidelines but some homes had higher levels likely due to wastewater infiltration. Proper chlorination is needed to improve water quality.

Uploaded by

maryam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Statement:

Issues in clean drinking water in Lahore due to unprocessed waste.

Methodology:
Variable: The two variables on which we are working
1-

Clean Drinking Water

2-

Un-Processed Waste

Scale: As this is a categorical variable, so we are using Ordinal scale for our both variables.

Source of Data: We are using secondary source of data for the facts and figures.

Review of Literature:

Article 1:
Lahore: High arsenic concentration in potable water-Study-Disposal of untreated industrial waste
Published in Dawn News on 13th April, 2004
Review:
In 2001, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) has organized a national level assessment to
monitor the quality of water that people are using and to measure the deficiencies why people are getting badly
effect from water they are using. This survey was conducted among 21 cities major in Punjab. In the outcome of that
survey, they conclude that major of Punjabs population is facing high arsenic concentration in their drinking water
which is distressing their health and they are facing some Spartan diseases through which they are unable to get off.
This study evidently disclosed that the foremost reason for the high arsenic concentration on their water is untreated
domestic and industrial waste. In rivers and canals especially in Lahore. This mismanagement by the public and
government is mainly accountable for all that substance. Water in these areas is unhealthy for the human feasting
due to the huge amount of domestic and industrial waste. And people are not getting plentiful clear water to
accomplish their necessities and in result, they trapped under severe diseases which some time lead to demise.

Article 2:
Lahores water contaminated by pollutants
Posted on November 30, 2008 by Raza Rumi
* Paper by Anita Chaudhry says Lahore has no public storage capacity, sewage seeps into groundwater
By Khalid Hasan (writing for the Daily Times)
Review:
After rereading the article, we get to know that in 2006 huge number of samples were collected from Lahore water
supply and were established to measure the contamination in the water. Almost hundred percent of those samples
were found under high contamination which was a red signal.
To find the consequences of this result, a brief study and trials were organized. In the result, they came to know that
the average groundwater depth in east Lahore is 100 feet while it is 40 feet in west Lahore. In 2002, 95 % of
Punjabs urban areas were getting safe drinking water while rural areas were getting 87%. And same as sanitation,
92 % of urban and 35% of rural. Almost all of the Punjabs urban houses were retained by their own private
groundwater pumps. After this study, they conclude that there should be harvesting of rainwater. It should be
properly reaped under the safe measurements. Groundwater should be practice at minimum level as the level of
water is going miserable gradually. It is also a red sign for the world. And there should be the proper discarding of
domestic and industrial waste which is heartwarming the useable water.

Article 3:
Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Urban Areas of Pakistan: A Case Study of Southern Lahore
S. Haydar1, M. Arshad2 and J.A. Aziz3
1Associate Professor, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 54890. E-mail: [email protected]
Professor, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore,
Pakistan 54890.
Review:
Water supplied by water and sanitation agency (WASA) was carried out under a study to measure the superiority
they are providing to the public under the supervision of world health organization (WHO). For this study, southern
Lahore was taken under observation. Water samples were collected from Water Turbine and house connections. This
study was being organized in well mature societies like Green Town, Johar Town, Model Town and Faisal Town.
These samples were taken before and after monsoon and were tested three times before and after the monsoon on the
dates. In the result, the main thing they found was Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). TDS values, both at the source
Water Turbine and house connections were well below the upper desirable value. It can further be pointed out that
TDS in the collected samples consistently decreased at all the sampling points after monsoon. This may be due to
the dilution of underground aquifer after the monsoon season. TDS at some house connections increased as
compared to the source. This may be due to the mixing of wastewater into the water mains due to faulty joints.
However, further investigation on this aspect is needed. In conclusion of this study, WHO recommend that to
improve bacteriological quality of water, chlorination devices must be installed. Water Turbine operators must be
trained enough to operate them in a better way and can also handle the amount of chlorine water needs to be clear or
somehow pure.

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