CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

Project
Conception, analysis and design of a 3D steel building

Performed by:
Project group 10
Maksym Podgayskyy
MD Refat Ahmed

European Erasmus Mundus Master Course

Sustainable Constructions
under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events
520121-1-2011-1-CZ-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC

List of contents
1. Introduction.
2. General safety criteria, actions and combinations of actions.
2.1 Loads evaluation.
2.2 Load combinations.
3. Pre-design
3.1 Preliminary evaluation of cross sections.
3.2 Consideration of horizontal and vertical deformations.
4. Structural analysis.
5. Checking of elements.
5.1 Verification of beams.
5.1.1 Secondary beams (IPE 360).
5.1.2 Main beam (IPE 450).
5.2 Verification of columns
5.2.1 Central column (HEA 450).
5.2.2 Perimeter column (HEA 300).
5.3 Verification of bracing.
6. Verification of joints
6.1 Column base.
6.2 Beam-Beam connection.
6.3 Beam-to column connection.
6.4 Bracing joint (gusset plate connection).
7. References.
Annex 1. Calculation of column base joint in software ROBOT.
Annex 2. Calculation of beam-beam joint in software ROBOT.
Annex 3. Calculation of column (flange) to beam joint in software ROBOT.
Annex 4. Calculation of column (web)to beam joint in software ROBOT.
Annex 5. Drawn part (3D view, plan view, elevations, execution drawing for a column,
execution drawing for a beam, joint details).

1. Introduction
The building analyzed in this project is based in steel-framed structure and has got following
characterisitics:
1) Type of use residential building;
2) Location Guarda, Portugal;
3) Span L=6m;
4) Bay B1=6m, B2=6m;
5) Number of floors 3;
6) Floor height 4 m.
Scheme of the building is given on the following visualization:

2. General safety criteria, actions and combinations of actions

The quantification of the actions and their combinations was made according to EN 1990, EN 19911-1, 1991-1-3, considering the permanent actions that correspond to the self-weight of the structure
and non-structural members, the variable actions corresponding to imposed loads, snow and wind
loads.
2.1 Loads evaluation.
1. Permanent actions:
According to EN 1991-1-1 permanent actions include the self-weight of the structural elements and
non-structural elements.
Self-weight of structural elements includes the weight of steel structure (weight is obtained during
the calculations in software ROBOT).
Self-weight of non-structural elements includes following positions:
a) Roof slab:
Layer
Thickness, mm
Specific weight, kN/m3
Weight, kN/m2
Hydro insulation
0.003
Thermal insulation
80
1.4
0.112
Slope concrete
50
24
1.2
Vapors foil
0.3
0.2
0.00006
RC slab
115
25
2.87
Steel sheeting
1
78
0.078
Gypsum plaster board
12
15
0.18
Total
4.48
b) Current floor
Layer
Thickness, mm
Specific weight, kN/m3
Weight, kN/m2
Sandstone
12
20
0.24
Adhesive support
5
21
0.105
Flooring
20
22
0.44
Vapors foil
0.3
0.2
0.00006
RC slab
115
25
2.875
Steel sheeting
1
78
0.078
Gypsum plaster board
12
15
0.18
Total
3.70
c) Partition walls (lightweight walls) = 1.0 kN/m2 (of slab). This weight is represented by
uniformly distributed load on the floor slabs.
d) External walls (lightweight walls) = 1.0 kN/m2 (of wall linear load). We assume that
secondary beams (for external lightweight walls) will be installed in horizontal position. The
way of installation is shown on the visualization below:

Vis.1. Installation of secondary beams for external walls.

Therefore, the load from external walls will be applied to columns. In order to apply this load
in ROBOT we will use claddings working in one-way (horizontal) direction.
4

2. Variable actions.
a) Imposed loads.
For residential building according to table 6.1 of EN 1991-1-1, category of use is A (areas for
domestic and residential activities). From this this table we take underlined recommended
characteristic values of imposed loads.
qk, kN/m2

Loaded area
Floors

Qk, kN

2.0
2.0
In the project we will use only the imposed load on floor (qk=2.0 kN/m2) which is intended for
determination of global effects. We neglect the loads given for representing of stairs and balconies
as long as they are not considered for calculation in our project.
According to table 6.9 of EN 1991-1-1 roof is categorized category H (roofs not accessible except
for normal maintenance and repair). Therefore, according to recommended values in table 6.10,
imposed load on roof is qk=0.4 kN/m2.

b) Wind loads.
Surface horizontal load = 1.5 kN/m2 in one faade and -0.6 kN/m2 in the opposite faade. Wind load
will be divided into two orthogonal loads which can not act simultaneously. First wind load will act
, second wind load will act with angle
. Value of the loads will be taken
with angle
identical in both directions.
c) Snow loads.
According to EN 1991-1-3 for Iberian Peninsula (Guarda, Portugal, 1056 m a.s.l.) region and stating
that in this region exceptional snow falls and exceptional snow drifts are unlikely to occur we obtain:
,
;
,
(for Guarda, Portugal)
3. Summary of basic actions.
The resulting actions are summarized in following table:

LC2
LC3
LC4

Description
Self-weight of steel structure
Weight of floor slab
Weight of roof slab
Weight of partition walls
Weight of external walls
Imposed load on floor
Imposed load on roof
Wind load 1 (
)

ype
Permanent action
Permanent action
Permanent action
Permanent action
Permanent action
Variable action
Variable action
Variable action

LC5

Wind load 2 (

Variable action

LC6

Snow load

Action No

LC1

Variable action

Value
Obtained in ROBOT
3.70 kN/m2
4.48 kN/m2
1.0 kN/m2
1.0 kN/m2
2.0 kN/m2
0.4 kN/m2
1.5 kN/m2 one faade;
-0.6 kN/m2 opposite
faade
1.5 kN/m2 one faade;
-0.6 kN/m2 opposite
faade
1.15 kN/m2

2.2 Load combinations.

Ultimate limit state.
The design values of the applied forces are obtained from the fundamental combinations, given by
(EN 1990):

Reduction coefficients for variable actions.

Action
0
Imposed loads (category
0.7
A)
Snow loads (sites located
0.7
at altitude H>1000 m a.s.l)
Wind load
0.6
According to EN 1990 Table A1.2(A) we consider verification of static equilibrium which involves the
resistance of structural members. Permanent actions are considered to be unfavorable part. Following
coefficients apply to these considerations:
The following combinations are considered for the Ultimate Limit State:
Combination 1-Imposed load as a leading variable action; wind load -

Combination 2-Imposed load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 3-Snow load as a leading variable action; wind load -

.
.

Combination 4-Snow load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 5-Wind load as a leading variable action;
Combination 6-Wind load as a leading variable action;

.
.

Serviceability limit state.

For serviceability limit state we apply characteristic combinations (irreversible limit states) (EN 1990):

Combination 7-Imposed load as a leading variable action; wind load -

Combination 8-Imposed load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 9-Snow load as a leading variable action; wind load -

.
.

Combination 10-Snow load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 11-Wind load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 12-Wind load as a leading variable action; wind load -

where G=LC1;

=LC2+LC3;

=LC4;

=LC5;

.
.
.

=LC6.
6

Substituting G,
obtain:

with appropriate actions according to our project we

Combination 7-Imposed load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 8-Imposed load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 9-Snow load as a leading variable action; wind load -

.
.

Combination 10-Snow load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 11-Wind load as a leading variable action; wind load Combination 12-Wind load as a leading variable action; wind load -

.
.
.

3.

Pre-design
3.1 Preliminary evaluation of cross sections.

6000

6000

6000

1
6000

6000

6000

In order to obtain acting internal forces in the ROBOT model we assumed following cross-sections of
members:
Type of columns
Perimeter

Center

Type of beams
Main beams
Secondary beams

Grid
Cross-section
Steel grade
A1, A4, D1, D4, A2,
HEA 300
S355
A3, D2, D3, B1, B4, C1,
C4
B2, B3, C2, C3
HEA 400
S 355
Tab.100. Initial assumed geometric characteristics of columns.
Beams
Cross-section
Steel grade
A1-D1, A2-D2, A3-D3,
IPE 300
S 355
A4-D4
A1-A4, B1-B4, C1-C4,
IPE 200
S 355
D1-D4
Tab.100. Geometric characteristics of beams on all floors.

Bracing
Cross-section
Steel grade
A1-A2, D1-D2, A3-A4, D3-D4 CHS 168x8
S 355
Tab.100. Geometric characteristics of bracings.
After obtaining internal forces we perform preliminary design of members considering the biggest
internal forces in members of a type:
Beams
1. Secondary beams.
Assuming class 1 or 2 cross sections, the following solution is obtained:

In order to satisfy this condition IPE 240 section (

is selected.
2. Main beams.
Assuming class 1 or 2 cross sections, the following solution is obtained:

In order to satisfy this condition IPE 360 section (

is selected. IPE
does not meet the requirements as long as the moment in cross
330 (
section increases after changing the cross section in ROBOT model to Med=318 kNm.
Columns
1. Central columns.
Assuming class 1, 2 or 3 cross sections, the following solution is obtained:

As it is expected that buckling resistance will govern the member design, a member HEA
320 (A=124.4 cm2)
2. Perimeter columns.
Assuming class 1, 2 or 3 cross sections, the following solution is obtained:

As it is expected that buckling resistance will govern the member design, a member HEA
220 (A=64.3 cm2)
Bracing
Assuming class 1, 2 or 3 cross sections, the following solution is obtained:

In order to satisfy this condition TRON 88x2.5 section (

is selected.

Pre-design sections are summarized in following table:

Type of c lumns
Grid
Cross-section
Steel grade
Marginal
A1, A4, D1, D4, A2,
HEA 220
S355
A3, D2, D3, B1, B4, C1,
C4
Center
B2, B3, C2, C3
HEA 320
S 355
Tab.100. Geometric characteristics of pre-designed columns.
Type of beams
Main beams

Beams
Cross-section
Steel grade
A1-D1, A2-D2, A3-D3,
IPE 360
S 355
A4-D4
Secondary beams
A1-A4, B1-B4, C1-C4,
IPE 240
S 355
D1-D4
Tab.100. Geometric characteristics of pre-design beams sections.
Bracing
Cross-section
Steel grade
A1-A2, D1-D2, A3-A4, D3-D4 TRON 88x2.5
S 355
Tab.100. Geometric characteristics of pre-design bracings sections.

3.2 Consideration of horizontal and vertical deformations.

In this chapter the verification of horizontal deformations in the building will be made. Limiting
values for horizontal displacements in frames:

This verification is made for serviceability limit states.

H=12 m=1200 cm => H/500=2.4 cm
Hi=4 m=400 cm => Hi/300=1.33 cm
Vertical deformations in beams.
Limiting value for main and secondary beams:
L/250=600/250=2.4 cm
The structure with the members which were chosen in pre-design stage do not satisfy the
requirements of horizontal and vertical deformations.
Therefore, we change the cross section of members to satisfy the deformation requirements.
Limit
values
IPE 360
IPE 450
HEA 450
HEA 300
TRON
139x8
Bracing
Horizontal deflection ()
2
Secondary beam
Main beam
Central column
Perimeter column

2.4

Horizontal deflection
first floor (1)

1.3

1.33

Horizontal deflection
first floor (2)

0.5

1.33

Horizontal deflection
first floor (2)

0.2

1.33

Vertical deflection main

beam

2.4

Vertical deflection
secondary beam

2.3

2.4

10

4. Structural analysis
The structural model for the analysis was created in software ROBOT. Following input data is
used for model consideration:
1. Beams in plane xz are rigidly connected to the steel columns.
2. The beams in plane yz are hinged at both ends. Releases for hinged connections are
indicated in following directions: Ry, Rz.
3. Elements defining bracing system are also hinged at both ends.
4. Supports are pinned. Fixed directions of pinned support: Ux, Uy, Uz, Rz.
5. Bracings in axis A1-A2, D1-D2, A3-A4, D3-D4 are represented by one bar per frame
assuming that it will work in tension and compression.
6. The concrete slab has a strong influence on the global stiffness of the structure. In
ROBOT 3D model concrete slab was modeled by a horizontal bracing system, connected
to main columns. Connection of these bracings are hinged.
To identify the type of analysis which should be performed (1st or 2nd order) we
calculate cr for ultimate limit state combinations.
cr (mode 1)
Combination 1
10.95
Combination 2
10.95
Combination 3
11.46
Combination 4
11.46
Combination 5
11.66
Combination 6
11.66
In all combinations cr>10. Therefore, according to EN 1993-1-1 1st order elastic
analysis should be performed.

11

5. Checking of elements
5.1 Verification of beams
5.1.1 Secondary beams (IPE 360)
Cross section characteristics

h 360mm

d 298.6mm

b 170mm

Iy 16270cm

tw 8mm

Wel.y 904cm

tf 12.7mm

Wpl.y 1019cm

r 18mm
2

A1 72.7cm

hi 334.6mm
Lbeam 6m

iy 15cm
2

Avz 35.1cm

fyd 355MPa
M0 1.0

Internal forces
MEd 129.56kN m

12

VEd 86.37kN

Fy and Fz are low so we can neglect them.

Cross section classification
As long as steel class of the beam is S355 we
obtain:
N
235
2
mm

0.814
fyd
Web in bending:
cw d
cw
37.325 < 72 58.58
tw
Web is class 1
Flanges in compression:
cf

b tw 2r

63 mm

cf
4.961
tf

<

9 7.323

Flanges are class 1

The class of cross section is class 1
Resistance of cross section
1. Bending moment
For class 1 the design resistance for bending according to EC3-1-1 chapter 6.2.5:
Wpl.y fyd
MRd
361.745 kN m
M0
MEd
0.358 < 1
MRd
13

2. Shear resistance according to EC3-1-1 chapter 6.2.6:

Design plastic shear resistance:
VRd
VEd
VRd

Avz fyd
M0 3

719.407 kN

0.12 < 1

Shear buckling resistance classification:

1 (conservatively taken)
h
45 <
tw

72
58.58

Therefore, shear buckling resistance of the web does not have to be verified
3. Bending and shear force according to EC3-1-1 chapter 6.2.8:
VEd 86.37 kN< 0.5VRd 359.704 kN
Therefore, effect of shear force on te moment resistance can be neglected
Lateral torsional buckling
Secondary beam is not susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling as long as it is laterally restrained with
reinforced concrete slabs on the floor and roof. The slab prevents lateral displacements of the compress
parts of the cross section.
Verification of serviceability limit state
The verification of the maximum vertical deflection is performed using deformations from ROBOTsof
for serviceability limit states. For floors general limiting value for the vertical displacement according
1990 Annex A1.4, National annex, figure A1.1 is following:
max <

Lbeam
250

For IPE 360:

max 2.3cm <

Lbeam
250

2.4 cm

Cross section size is governed by deformation requirements. As long as vertical

deformation values are 2.3<2.4, the cross section satisfies the requirement and can not
be reduced more.
Cross section IPE 360 verifies ULS and SLS requirements
14

5.1.2 Main beam (IPE 450)

h 450mm

d 378.8mm

b 190mm

Iy 33740cm

tw 9.4mm

Wel.y 1500cm

tf 14.6mm

Wpl.y 1702cm

r 21mm
2

A1 98.8cm

hi 420.8mm
Lbeam 6m

iy 18.5cm
2

Avz 50.9cm

fyd 355MPa

M0 1.0
Internal forces
MEd 275.78kN m

15

VEd 132.62kN

NEd 22.63kN

Value of axial force is low so we can neglect it.

Cross section classification
As long as steel class of the beam is S355 we obtain:
235

N
mm

fyd

0.814

Web in bending:
cw d
cw
40.298 < 72 58.58
tw
Web is class 1
Flanges in compression:
b tw 2r
cf
69.3 mm
2
cf
4.747 < 9 7.323
tf
Flanges are class 1
The class of cross section is class 1

16

Resistance of cross section

1. Bending moment
For class 1 the design resistance for bending according to EC3-1-1 chapter 6.2.5:
MRd

Wpl.y fyd
604.21 kN m
M0

MEd
0.456 < 1
MRd
2. Shear resistance according to EC3-1-1 chapter 6.2.6:
Design plastic shear resistance:
VRd
VEd
VRd

Avz fyd
M0 3

1.043 10 kN

0.127 < 1

Shear buckling resistance classification:

1 (conservatively taken)
h
47.872 <
tw

72
58.58

Therefore, shear buckling resistance of the web does not have to be verified
3. Bending and shear force according to EC3-1-1 chapter 6.2.8:
VEd 132.62 kN <

0.5VRd 521.622 kN

Therefore, effect of shear force on te moment resistance can be neglected

Laterral torsional buckling
Secondary beam is not susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling as long as it is laterally
restrained with reinforced concrete slabs on the floor and roof. The slab prevents
lateral displacements of the compressed parts of the cross section.
Verification of serviceability limit state
The verification of the maximum vertical deflection is performed using
deformations from ROBOTsoftware for serviceability limit states. For floors
general limiting value for the vertical displacement according to EN 1990 Annex
A1.4, National annex, figure A1.1 is following:
Lbeam
max <
250

17

For IPE 450:

max 2.0cm <

Lbeam
250

2.4 cm

Cross section size is governed by deformation requirements. The deformation can not be
increased till 2.4 cm because it results in increase of deformations in secondary beams.
Deformation in secondary beams can not be increased (this is verified in verification of
secondary beam).

Cross section IPE 450 verifies ULS and SLS requirements

18

5.2 Verification of columns

5.2.1 Central column (HEA 450)
Cross section characteristics

h 440mm

b 300mm
tw 11.5mm

Wpl.y 3216cm

tf 21mm
r 27mm

Avz 65.78 cm

iy 18.92 cm
2

Iz 9465cm

A1 178cm

Wel.z 631cm

hi 398mm

Wpl.z 965.5 cm

d 344mm

iz 7.29 cm

Iy 63720cm

Wel.y 2896cm

Iw 4148000cm
4

It 243.8 cm

Coefficients and other values

M0 1
M1 1

Lcolumn 4m
Hbuilding 12m

E 210000MPa
0.3
G 80700MPa

19

Internal forces
MyEd 291.07kN m

NEd 1072.62 kN

VEd 72.77 kN

MzEd 0

20

Cross section classification

235MPa
f

yd

fyd 355MPa

1. Flange in compression:
cf

b tw 2r
2

117.25 mm

cf
5.583 < 9 7.323
tf
Flange is Class 1
2. Web in bending and compression
cw d

1 h N Ed

tf r 0.882

d 2 2 tw fyd

<

as long as =0.875>0.5
cw
29.913 <
tw

( 396)
30.789
13 1

Therefore, web is Class 1

Cross section is Class 1.
Buckling length of the column
As long as the column is pinned we obtain following buckling length:
Lz.cr Lcolumn 4 m
Ly.cr Lcolumn 4 m
Verification of cross section resistance
1. Axial force
Npl.Rd
NEd
Npl.Rd

A1 fyd
M0

6.319 103 kN

0.17 < 1

2. Axial force and bending

According to EN1993-1-1 chapter 6.2.9.1
NEd 1.073 103 kN <

0.25 N pl.Rd 1.58 103 kN

21

 0.5 h tw fyd

NEd 1.073 10 kN

>

M0

898.15 kN

As a result, axial force has an effect on plastic moment resistance.

The resistance to bending combined with axial force is obtained from following
expressions according to clause 6.2.9.1:
n

NEd
Npl.Rd

0.17

A1 2 b tf

0.292 <

A1

0.5

fyd
Mpl.y.Rd Wpl.y
1.142 103 kN m
M0
Reduced plastic resistance is given by:
( 1 n)
Mn.y.Rd Mpl.y.Rd
1.11 103 kN m
1 0.5 a
MyEd 291.07 kN m <

Mn.y.Rd 1.11 103 kN m

3. Shear force
Vpl.Rd
VEd
Vpl.Rd

Avz fyd
M0 3

1.348 103 kN

0.054 <1

Shear buckling resistance classification:

1

(conservatively taken)

h
38.261 <
tw

72

58.58

Therefore, shear buckling resistance of the web does not have to be verified
4. Bending and shear force
VEd 72.77 kN < 0.5 Vpl.Rd 674.111 kN
Therefore, effect of shear force on te moment resistance can be neglected

22

Verification of the stability of the member

According to EN 1993-1-1 chapter 6.3.3 members which are subjected to
combined bending and axial compression should satisfy:

As long as members with open sections are susceptible to torsional deformation

verification of lateral-tersional buckling is needed.
Deternination of the reduction factor due to lateral-torsional buckling
kz 1
c1 1.77
c2 0
c3 0
kw 1

kz 2 Iw kz Lcolumn 2 G It

Mcr c1


2 k
2

E Iz
kz Lcolumn w Iz

E Iz

0.5

1.69 103 kN m

According to EN1993-1-1 chapter 6.3.2.2:

Wpl.y fyd
LT
0.822 non-dimensional slenderness
Mcr

h
1.467 < 2 => we use buckling curve a
b

(from table 6.4)

For buckling curve a

LT 0.21 (from table 6.3)

LT 0.5 1 LT LT 0.2 LT 0.903

LT

LT

LT LT

0.783 but

LT 1

Determination of the reduction factors due to flexural buckling

Calculation of non-dimensional slenderness for flexural buckling accordinf to
EN1993-1-1 chapter 6.3.1.3
23

235MPa
1 93.9
76.399
fyd

y
z

Ly.cr
iy 1
Lz.cr
iz 1

for class 1

0.277

0.718

Calculation of the reduction factor y and z according to chapter 6.3.1.2

h
1.467 > 1.2
b
tf 21 mm< 100 mm
As a result for y-y we use curve b, for z-z curve c (table 6.2 EC3-1-1)
y 0.34
z 0.49

z 0.5 1 z z 0.2 z 0.885

y 0.5 1 y y 0.2 y 0.551

y

z

0.973

0.713

y y
2

z z
2

Calculation of Nrk, Mi,rk for class 1

NRk fyd A1 6.319 106 N
MyRk fyd Wpl.y 1.142 103 kN m
MzRk fyd Wpl.z 342.753 kN m
Calculation of interaction factors according to Method 2
Calculation is made according to Annex B EC3-1-1.
0 because of triangular shape of bending moment diagram
Cmy 0.6
Cmz 0.6
CmLt 0.6
24


NEd
kyy.1 Cmy 1 y 0.2
0.608 <

y NRk

<

M1

NEd
kyy.2 Cmy 1 0.8
0.684

y NRk

M1

then kyy 0.608

NEd
kzz.1 Cmz 1 2z 0.6
0.719 <

z NRk

<

M1

NEd
kzz.2 Cmz 1 1.4
0.8

z NRk

M1

then kzz 0.721

kyz 0.6 kzz 0.433
kzy1 1 0.1

kzy2 1 0.1

z NEd

NRk

0.25

C
mLt
z
M1

NEd

NRk
CmLt 0.25 z
M1

0.951

0.932

kzy1 kzy2
then kzy 0.951

25

Based on the determined parameters we obtain:

NEd
y NRk
M1

NEd
z NRk
M1

kyy MyEd

LT MyRk
M1

kzy MyEd
LT MyRk
M1

kyz MzEd
LT MzRk
M1

kzz MzEd
LT MzRk
M1

0.373

<1

0.548

<1

The stability of column with cross section HEA 450 is verified.

Verification of serviceability limit state
The verification of the maximum horizontal deflection is performed using
deformations from ROBOTsoftware for serviceability limit states. Following
limiting values apply for horizontal displacement:
1. Verification of horizontal displacement for the whole building height (H=12 m):
Hbuilding
2.0 <
2.4 cm
500

2. Verification of horizontal displacement for the each floor:

Lcolumn
first floor - 1 1.3 <
1.333 cm
300
second floor - 2 0.5 <
third floor -

3 0.2 <

Lcolumn
300

Lcolumn
300

1.333 cm
1.333 cm

Due to the horizontal displacement on the first floor which are very close to the
limit section can not be reduced. Moreover, decreasing of column section results in
increase of the displacement in secondary beams which are also close to the limit.
Cross section HEA 450 for column verifies the reuirements of ULS and SLS.
26

5.2.2 Perimeter column HEA 300

Cross section characteristics

h 290 mm

Wpl.y 1383cm

b 300 mm
tw 8.5mm

iy 12.74 cm
2

Avz 37.28 cm

tf 14mm
r 27mm

Iz 6310cm
2

A1 112.5 cm
hi 262 mm

Wel.z 420.6 cm

Wpl.z 641.2 cm
iz 7.49cm

d 208 mm
4

Iy 18260 cm

Iw 1200000 cm
3

Wel.y 1260cm

It 85.17 cm

Material
M0 1
M1 1
E 210000MPa
0.3
G 80700MPa
Building
Lcolumn 4m
Hbuilding 12m

27

Internal forces
MyEd 117.37kN m

NEd 694.3 kN

Verification of perimetr column will be made using SemiComp+ software. For input data we need to
calculate Mcr.
Deternination of critical moment:
kz
c1
c2
c3

1
1.77
0
0

kw 1

kz 2 Iw kz Lcolumn 2 G It

Mcr c1


2 k
2

E Iz
kz Lcolumn w Iz

E Iz

Following verification were obtained (using Method 2):

0.5

762.666 kN m

28

29

30

31

Verification of serviceability limit state

The verification of the maximum horizontal deflection is performed using deformations from
ROBOTsoftware for serviceability limit states. Following limiting values apply for horizontal displace
1. Verification of horizontal displacement for the whole building height
(H=12 m):
2.0 <

Hbuilding
500

2.4 cm

2. Verification of horizontal displacement for the each floor:

first floor -

1 1.3 <

second floor -

third floor -

Lcolumn

2 0.5 <
3 0.2 <

300

1.333 cm

Lcolumn
300

Lcolumn
300

1.333 cm

1.333 cm

Due to the horizontal displacement on the first floor which are very close to the
limit section can not be reduced. Moreover, decreasing of column section results in
increase of the displacement in secondary beams which are also close to the limit.
Cross section HEA 300 for column verifies the reuirements of ULS and SLS.

32

5.3 Bracing
Cross section characteristics TRON 139x8
2

Ax 33.1cm - cross section area

4
Iy 720.29 cm - moment of inertia of a section around y-axis
4
Iz 720.29cm - moment of inertia of a section around y-axis

h 14cm diameter
t 0.8 cm - web thickness
Lb 7.21m - length of bracing element
Material
fyd 355MPa
M0 1
M1 1
E 210000MPa
Internal forces

NEd 216.8 kN
Cross section classification
235MPa

fyd

Section in compression
h
2
17.5 < 50 33.099
t
The cross section is class 1.

33

Cross section resistance

Axial force
NEd

fyd
NcRd Ax
1.175 103 kN
M0

216.8 kN <

Verification of buckling resistance

Flexural buckling
1

E
76.409
fyd

LE 1 Lb 7.21 m - buckling length

Iy
4.665 cm - radius of giration
Ax

LE

154.559

2.023 - nondimensional skenderness coefficient

1

hot finished hollow section => curve a, so1 0.21

2
0.5 1 1 n 0.2 n 2.737

NbRd

0.197
2

Ax fyd
M1

NEd 216.8 kN <

231.494 kN
NbRd 231.494 kN

So section TRON 139x8 is adopted.

34

6. Verification of joints
6.1 Column base
The design of column base joint is performed in software ROBOT.
a) Pinned column base joint for column HEA 450.
For designing was chosen a column with the maximum axial load.

Axial force diagram

Shear force diagram

For anchoring of the column two anchor bolts are sufficient. However, for better execution it is
chosen to install 4 anchor bolts.
Results of calculation can be found in Annex 1.
35

6.2 Beam-beam connection

The design of beam-beam joint is performed in software ROBOT.
Connection is made for two secondary beams IPE 360 and main beam IPE 450.
As long as the secondary beam has pinned connection to main beam the governing internal force
is shear. Therefore, we chose the beam with maximum shear force for design.

Shear force diagram for right secondary beam IPE 360.

Shear force diagram for left secondary beam IPE 360.

Results of calculation can be found in Annex 2.

36

6.3 Beam-to-column connection

The design of beam-beam joint is performed in software ROBOT.
a) Connection of column HEA 300 (flange) to beam IPE 450.
This joint is a moment resisting one. We chose the connection with the biggest moment and
shear force.

Moment diagram of column

37

Shear force diagram of column.

Moment diagram of beam

Shear diagram for beam

Results of calculation can be found in Annex 3.

38

b) Connection of column HEA 300 (web) to two secondary beams IPE 360.
As long as the secondary beam has pinned connection to column, the governing internal force is
shear. Therefore, we chose the beam with maximum shear force for design.

Shear force diagram of the left secondary beam IPE 360.

Shear force diagram of the right secondary beam IPE 360.

Results of calculation can be found in Annex 4.

39

6.4 Bracing joint (gusset plate connection)

The gusset plate is welded to the beam using double fillet welds. Joint is designed in a way to minimiz
the eccentricity between the bracing member and the column axis.
Main joint data:
Column - HEA 300, S355
Beam - IPE 360, S355
Bracing - TRON 139x8, S355
Type - plate welded to bracing and then bolted to gusset plate; gusset plate is welded
to beam.

Cross section characteristics TRON 139x8

2

Ax 33.1cm - cross section area

4
Iy 720.29 cm - moment of inertia of a section around y-axis
4
Iz 720.29cm - moment of inertia of a section around y-axis

h 14cm diameter
t 0.8 cm - web thickness
Lb 7.21m - length of bracing element
Material
fyd 355MPa
fu 470MPa
M0 1
M1 1
M2 1.25
Internal forces

NEd 216.8 kN

40

Shear resistance of bolts

In order to evaluate the tpe and quantity of bolts for fastening the bracing plate to gusset plate we use
table 3.4 EN 1993-1-8.
Shear resistance per shear plane:

v fub Ab
FvRd
M2
We choose class of bolts 8.8. As a result we obtain following input data:

v 0.6 - for class 8.8

N
- for class 8.8
fub 800
2
mm
FvRd 216.8 kN
We obtain the required cross section of the bolts:

Ab

FvRd M2
v fub

564.583 mm

Taking the bolts with d=20mm, class 8.8 required quantity of bolts:
2
A 314mm - area of one bolt with d=20mm in accordance with EN ISO 898.

20

Ab

1.798

A20

As a result we take 2 bolts class 8.8,

d 20mm
d0 d 2mm 22 mm
Now

Ab1 2 A20 628 mm

Shear resistance of bolts:

v fub Ab1
FvRd
241.152 kN
M2
NEd
FvRd

0.899 < 1

Verification of bearing resistance

FbRd

k1 b fuac d tp
M2
41

Characteristics of bolts location:

e1 40mm
e2 40mm
p2 80mm
e1
b
0.606
3d0

2.8 e2

k1 min

d0

1.7 2.5 2.5

tp 10mm - thickness of plate welded to bracing

tg 15mm - thickness of gusset plate
FbRd

k1 b fu d tp
M2

113.939 kN

Shear force for one bolt:

NEd
NEd1
108.4 kN <
2

FbRd 113.939 kN

Bearing resistance is sufficient.

Weld design
Weld design is as follows:
1. The gusset plate is welded to the beam using double fillets.
a)Weld design for gusset plate and a beam according to simplified method:
we propose

a 4mm
w 0.95
lc 320mm

Nrdw 2FwRd l
FwRd fvw a
fu

N
3
fvw
228.509
2
w M2
mm
N
FwRd fvw a 914.037
mm
Nrdw 2FwRd lc 584.983 kN
It supports the horizontal component of the force acting in the bracing:
NEdhor NEd sin ( 56deg) 179.735 kN
Therefore, the horizontal weld is OK.
42

2. The bracing is welded to the plate bolted to the gusset plate.

we propose

a3 4mm
w3 0.95
l3 150mm
fu

N
3
fvw3
228.509
2
w3 M2
mm
N
FwRd3 fvw a3 914.037
mm
Nrdw3 4FwRd lc 1.17 103 kN
NEd 216.8 kN < Nrdw3 1.17 103 kN
So the welding is OK.

43

7. References.
1. Simoes da Silva L., Simoes R., Gervasio H.: Design of steel structures. ECCS
Eurocode Design Manuals, ECCS and Ernst & Sohn, 2010, 438 p.
2. Jaspart J.P. and Weynand K.: Design of joints for steel and steel-concrete structures,
ECCS, Ernst & Sohn and Wiley, 2012.
3. EN 1993-1-1 Design of steel structures Part 1.1: General rules and rules for
buildings.
4. EN 1993-1-8 Design of steel structures Part 1.8: Design of joints.
5. EN 1990 Basis of structural design.
6. EN 1991-1-1 Actions on structures Part 1.1: General actions Densities, selfweight, imposed loads for buildings.
7. EN 1991-1-3 Actions on structures Part 1.3: General actions Snow loads.

44

Annex 1. Calculation of column base joint in software ROBOT.

Page 1 of 4

Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2013-Student Version

Pinned column base design

Eurocode 3: EN 1993-1-8:2005/AC:2009 + CEB Design Guide: Design of fastenings on
Ratio
0.98

concrete

GENERAL
Connection no.:
Connection name:
Structure node:
Structure bars:

2
Pinned column base
37
29

GEOMETRY
COLUMN
Section: HEA 450
Bar no.: 29
Lc =
12.00

[m]

Column length

=
hc =

0.0
440

[mm]

Height of column section

bfc =

300

[mm]

Width of column section

[Deg]

Inclination angle

twc =

12

[mm]

Thickness of the web of column section

tfc =

21

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of column section

rc =

27

[mm]

Radius of column section fillet

178.03

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a column

63721.60
Material: S 355
fyc =
355.00

[cm4]

Moment of inertia of the column section

[MPa]

Resistance

fuc =

[MPa]

Yield strength of a material

Ac =
Iyc =

470.00

COLUMN BASE
lpd =

470

[mm]

Length

bpd =

340

[mm]

Width

tpd =

15

[mm]

Thickness

Material: S 355
fypd =
355.00

[MPa]

Resistance

fupd =

[MPa]

Yield strength of a material

470.00

ANCHORAGE
The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
4.6
Class =
Anchor class
fyb =
240.00
[MPa]
Yield strength of the anchor material
fub =
400.00
[MPa]
Tensile strength of the anchor material
d=

8
0.37

[mm]

Bolt diameter
Effective section area of a bolt

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Page 2 of 4

As =

[cm2]

Av =

0.50

nV =

Number of bolt columns

nH =

Number of bolt rows

eH =

220

[mm]

Horizontal spacing

eV =

150

[mm]

Vertical spacing

30

[mm]

Anchor dimensions
L1 =

[cm2]

L2 =

150

[mm]

L3 =

30

[mm]

L4 =

30

[mm]

Area of bolt section

Washer
lwd =

30

[mm]

Length

bwd =

30

[mm]

Width

twd =

10

[mm]

Thickness

MATERIAL FACTORS
M0 =

1.00

M2 =

1.25

Partial safety factor

C =

1.50

Partial safety factor

Partial safety factor

SPREAD FOOTING
L=
B=
H=

520
380
500

[mm]
[mm]
[mm]

Spread footing length

Spread footing width
Spread footing height

Concrete
Class C20/25
fck =
20.00

[MPa]

Characteristic resistance for compression

Grout layer
tg =

20

[mm]

Thickness of leveling layer (grout)

fck,g =

12.00

[MPa]

Characteristic resistance for compression

Cf,d =

0.30

Coeff. of friction between the base plate and concrete

WELDS
ap =

[mm]

Footing plate of the column base

LOADS
Case: Manual calculations.
Nj,Ed =

-1077.93

[kN]

Axial force

Vj,Ed,y =

0.01

[kN]

Shear force

Vj,Ed,z =

69.48

[kN]

Shear force

RESULTS
COMPRESSION ZONE
COMPRESSION OF CONCRETE
fcd =
13.33
[MPa]
fj =

9.88

[MPa]

Design compressive resistance

Design bearing resistance under the base plate

EN 1992-1:[3.1.6.(1)]
[6.2.5.(7)]

c = tp (fyp/(3*fj*M0))
c=
beff =
leff =
Ac0 =

52
88

[mm]
[mm]

Additional width of the bearing pressure zone

Effective width of the bearing pressure zone under the flange

340

[mm]

Effective length of the bearing pressure zone under the flange

298.86

[cm2]

Area of the joint between the base plate and the foundation

Ac1 =

[6.2.5.(4)]
[6.2.5.(3)]
[6.2.5.(3)]
EN 1992-1:[6.7.(3)]

524.02
Maximum design area of load distribution
[cm2]
Frdu = Ac0*fcd*(Ac1/Ac0) 3*Ac0*fcd

EN 1992-1:[6.7.(3)]

Ac1 =

EN 1992-1:[6.7.(3)]

j =

524.02
0.67

[cm2]

Maximum design area of load distribution

Reduction factor for compression

[6.2.5.(7)]

fjd = j*Frdu/(beff*leff)

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Page 3 of 4

fjd =
Ac,n =

11.77

[MPa]

Design bearing resistance

[6.2.5.(7)]

936.93

[cm2]

Bearing area for compression

[6.2.8.2.(1)]

[kN]

Bearing resistance of concrete for compression

[6.2.8.2.(1)]

Fc,Rd,i = AC,i*fjd
Fc,Rd,n =

1102.80

RESISTANCES OF SPREAD FOOTING IN THE COMPRESSION ZONE

Nj,Rd = Fc,Rd,n
Nj,Rd =

[kN]

1102.80

Resistance of a spread footing for axial compression

[6.2.8.2.(1)]

CONNECTION CAPACITY CHECK

Nj,Ed / Nj,Rd 1,0 (6.24)

0.98 < 1.00

verified

(0.98)

SHEAR
BEARING PRESSURE OF AN ANCHOR BOLT ONTO THE BASE PLATE
Shear force Vj,Ed,y
d,y = 3.17

Coeff. taking account of the bolt position - in the direction of shear

[Table 3.4]

b,y = 0.85

Coeff. for resistance calculation F1,vb,Rd

[Table 3.4]

k1,y = 2.50

Coeff. taking account of the bolt position - perpendicularly to the direction of shear

[Table 3.4]

F1,vb,Rd,y = k1,y*b,y*fup*d*tp / M2
F1,vb,Rd,y = 96.00

[kN]

Resistance of an anchor bolt for bearing pressure onto the base plate

[6.2.2.(7)]

Shear force Vj,Ed,z

d,z = 4.17

Coeff. taking account of the bolt position - in the direction of shear

[Table 3.4]

b,z = 0.85

Coeff. for resistance calculation F1,vb,Rd

[Table 3.4]

k1,z = 2.50

Coeff. taking account of the bolt position - perpendicularly to the direction of shear

[Table 3.4]

F1,vb,Rd,z = k1,z*b,z*fup*d*tp / M2
F1,vb,Rd,z = 96.00

[kN]

Resistance of an anchor bolt for bearing pressure onto the base plate

SHEAR OF AN ANCHOR BOLT

b =
0.37
Avb =
fub =

Coeff. for resistance calculation F2,vb,Rd

[6.2.2.(7)]

[6.2.2.(7)]

0.50

[cm2]

Area of bolt section

[6.2.2.(7)]

400.00

[MPa]

Tensile strength of the anchor material

[6.2.2.(7)]

Partial safety factor

[6.2.2.(7)]

Shear resistance of a bolt - without lever arm

[6.2.2.(7)]

M2 =

1.25

F2,vb,Rd = b*fub*Avb/M2
F2,vb,Rd =

[kN]

5.92

M =

2.00

MRk,s =

0.02

lsm =

29

Ms =

1.20

[kN*m]
[mm]

Factor related to the fastening of an anchor in the foundation

CEB [9.3.2.2]

Characteristic bending resistance of an anchor

CEB [9.3.2.2]

Lever arm length

CEB [9.3.2.2]

Partial safety factor

CEB [3.2.3.2]

Fv,Rd,sm = M*MRk,s/(lsm*Ms)
Fv,Rd,sm =

1.04

[kN]

CONCRETE PRY-OUT FAILURE

NRk,c =
26.34
[kN]

Shear resistance of a bolt - with lever arm

CEB [9.3.1]

Design uplift capacity

CEB [9.2.4]

k3 =

2.00

Factor related to the anchor length

Mc =

2.16

Partial safety factor

CEB [9.3.3]
CEB [3.2.3.1]

Fv,Rd,cp = k3*NRk,c/Mc
Fv,Rd,cp =

24.39

[kN]

Concrete resistance for pry-out failure

CEB [9.3.1]

CONCRETE EDGE FAILURE

Shear force Vj,Ed,y
VRk,c,y0 = 44.33 [kN] Characteristic resistance of an anchor

CEB [9.3.4.(a)]

A,V,y =

0.87

Factor related to anchor spacing and edge distance

h,V,y =

1.00

Factor related to the foundation thickness

CEB [9.3.4.(c)]

s,V,y =

0.96

Factor related to the influence of edges parallel to the shear load direction

CEB [9.3.4.(d)]

ec,V,y =

1.00

Factor taking account a group effect when different shear loads are acting on the individual anchors in a group CEB [9.3.4.(e)]

,V,y =

1.00

Factor related to the angle at which the shear load is applied

CEB [9.3.4.(f)]

Factor related to the type of edge reinforcement used

CEB [9.3.4.(g)]

ucr,V,y = 1.00

CEB [9.3.4]

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Page 4 of 4

Mc =

Partial safety factor

2.16

CEB [3.2.3.1]

Fv,Rd,c,y = VRk,c,y0*A,V,y*h,V,y*s,V,y*ec,V,y*,V,y*ucr,V,y/Mc
Fv,Rd,c,y =

[kN]

17.15

Concrete resistance for edge failure

CEB [9.3.1]

Shear force Vj,Ed,z

VRk,c,z0 = 66.03 [kN] Characteristic resistance of an anchor

CEB [9.3.4.(a)]

A,V,z =

0.51

Factor related to anchor spacing and edge distance

h,V,z =

1.00

Factor related to the foundation thickness

CEB [9.3.4.(c)]

s,V,z =

0.85

Factor related to the influence of edges parallel to the shear load direction

CEB [9.3.4.(d)]

ec,V,z =

1.00

Factor taking account a group effect when different shear loads are acting on the individual anchors in a group CEB [9.3.4.(e)]

,V,z =

1.00

CEB [9.3.4]

Factor related to the angle at which the shear load is applied

CEB [9.3.4.(f)]

ucr,V,z = 1.00

Factor related to the type of edge reinforcement used

CEB [9.3.4.(g)]

Mc =

Partial safety factor

2.16

CEB [3.2.3.1]

Fv,Rd,c,z = VRk,c,z0*A,V,z*h,V,z*s,V,z*ec,V,z*,V,z*ucr,V,z/Mc
Fv,Rd,c,z =

[kN]

13.33

SPLITTING RESISTANCE
Cf,d =
0.30
Nc,Ed =

1077.93

Concrete resistance for edge failure

CEB [9.3.1]

Coeff. of friction between the base plate and concrete

[6.2.2.(6)]

[kN]

Compressive force

[6.2.2.(6)]

[kN]

Slip resistance

[6.2.2.(6)]

Ff,Rd = Cf,d*Nc,Ed
Ff,Rd =

323.38

SHEAR CHECK
Vj,Rd,y = nb*min(F1,vb,Rd,y,F2,vb,Rd,Fv,Rd,sm,Fv,Rd,cp,Fv,Rd,c,y) + Ff,Rd
Vj,Rd,y =

[kN]

327.54

Connection resistance for shear

Vj,Ed,y / Vj,Rd,y 1,0

0.00 < 1.00

CEB [9.3.1]
verified

(0.00)

Vj,Rd,z = nb*min(F1,vb,Rd,z,F2,vb,Rd,Fv,Rd,sm,Fv,Rd,cp,Fv,Rd,c,z) + Ff,Rd

Vj,Rd,z =

[kN]

327.54

Connection resistance for shear

CEB [9.3.1]

Vj,Ed,z / Vj,Rd,z 1,0

0.21 < 1.00

verified

(0.21)

Vj,Ed,y / Vj,Rd,y + Vj,Ed,z / Vj,Rd,z 1,0

0.21 < 1.00

verified

(0.21)

WELDS BETWEEN THE COLUMN AND THE BASE PLATE

=

72.44

[MPa]

Normal stress in a weld

72.44

[MPa]

Perpendicular tangent stress

[4.5.3.(7)]

yII =

0.00

[MPa]

Tangent stress parallel to Vj,Ed,y

[4.5.3.(7)]

zII =

21.82

[MPa]

Tangent stress parallel to Vj,Ed,z

[4.5.3.(7)]

W =

0.90

[4.5.3.(7)]

Resistance-dependent coefficient

[4.5.3.(7)]

/ (0.9*fu/M2)) 1.0 (4.1)

0.21 < 1.00

verified

(0.21)

(2 + 3.0 (yII2 + 2)) / (fu/(W*M2))) 1.0 (4.1)

0.35 < 1.00

verified

(0.35)

( + 3.0 (zII +

0.36 < 1.00

verified

(0.36)

2))

/ (fu/(W*M2))) 1.0 (4.1)

WEAKEST COMPONENT:
FOUNDATION - BEARING PRESSURE ONTO CONCRETE

REMARKS
15 [mm] < 24 [mm]
Anchor curvature radius is too small.
Segment L4 of the hook anchor is too short. 30 [mm] < 40 [mm]

Connection conforms to the code

Ratio 0.98

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Annex 2. Calculation of beam-beam joint in software ROBOT.

Page 1 of 8

Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2013-Student Version

Calculation of the beam-to-beam (web) connection

EN 1993-1-8:2005/AC:2009

Ratio
0.87

GENERAL
Connection no.:
Connection name:
Structure node:
Structure bars:

9
Beam-beam (web)
68
58, 68, 67

GEOMETRY
PRINCIPAL BEAM
Section: IPE 450
Bar no.: 58
-90.0
=
hg =
450

[Deg]
[mm]

Height of the principal beam section

bfg =

190

[mm]

Width of the flange of the principal beam section

twg =

[mm]

Thickness of the web of the principal beam section

tfg =

15

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of the principal beam section

rg =

Inclination angle

21

[mm]

Fillet radius of the web of the principal beam section

98.82

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a principal beam

33742.90
Material: S 355
fyg =
355.00

[cm4]

Moment of inertia of the principal beam section

[MPa]

Design resistance

fug =

470.00

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

Section: IPE 360

Bar no.: 68
0.0
=
hbl =
360

[Deg]

Inclination angle

[mm]

Height of beam section

bbl =

170

[mm]

Width of beam section

twbl =

[mm]

Thickness of the web of beam section

tfbl =

13

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of beam section

Ap =
Iyp =

LEFT SIDE
BEAM

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Page 2 of 8

rbl =

18

[mm]

Radius of beam section fillet

Ab =

72.73

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a beam

16265.60
Material: S 355
fybl =
355.00

[cm4]

Moment of inertia of the beam section

[MPa]

Design resistance

fubl =

470.00

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

h1 =

25

[mm]

Top cut-out

h2 =

0
85

[mm]
[mm]

Bottom cut-out
Cut-out length

Section: CAE 80x8

0.0
=
hkl =
80

[Deg]

Inclination angle

[mm]

Height of angle section

bkl =

[mm]

Width of angle section

Iybl =

BEAM CUT

l=

ANGLE

80

tfkl =

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of angle section

rkl =

10

[mm]

Fillet radius of the web of angle section

lkl =
150
Material: S 355
fykl =
355.00

[mm]

Angle length

[MPa]

Design resistance

fukl =

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

470.00

BOLTS
BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM
The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
5.8
Class =
Bolt class
16
d=
[mm]
Bolt diameter
d0 =
18
[mm]
Bolt opening diameter
As =
1.57
Effective section area of a bolt
[cm2]
Av =

2.01

[cm2]

Area of bolt section

fub =

[MPa]

k=
w=
e1 =

500.00
1
3
30

[mm]

Tensile resistance
Number of bolt columns
Number of bolt rows
Level of first bolt

p1 =

45

[mm]

Vertical spacing

Section: IPE 360

Bar no.: 67
0.0
=
hbr =
360

[Deg]

Inclination angle

[mm]

Height of beam section

bbr =

170

[mm]

Width of beam section

Thickness of the web of beam section

RIGHT SIDE
BEAM

twbr =

[mm]

tfbr =

13

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of beam section

rbr =

18

[mm]

Radius of beam section fillet

72.73

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a beam

16265.60
Material: S 355
fybr =
355.00

[cm4]

Moment of inertia of the beam section

[MPa]

Design resistance

fubr =

470.00

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

25

[mm]

Top cut-out

Abr =
Iybr =

BEAM CUT
h1 =

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h2 =

0
85

[mm]
[mm]

Bottom cut-out
Cut-out length

Section: CAE 80x8

hkr =
80

[mm]

Height of angle section

bkr =

80

[mm]

Width of angle section

tfkr =

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of angle section

rkr =

10

[mm]

Fillet radius of the web of angle section

lkr =
150
Material: S 355
fykr =
355.00

[mm]

Angle length

[MPa]

Design resistance

fukr =

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

l=

ANGLE

470.00

BOLTS
BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH PRINCIPAL BEAM
The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
5.8
Class =
Bolt class
16
d=
[mm]
Bolt diameter
d0 =
18
[mm]
Bolt opening diameter
2
As =
1.57
Effective
section area of a bolt
[cm ]
Av =

2.01

[cm2]

Area of bolt section

fub =

[MPa]

k=
w=
e1 =

500.00
1
3
30

[mm]

Tensile resistance
Number of bolt columns
Number of bolt rows
Level of first bolt

p1 =

45

[mm]

Vertical spacing

BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM

The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
5.8
Class =
Bolt class
16
d=
[mm]
Bolt diameter
d0 =
18
[mm]
Bolt opening diameter
2
As =
1.57
Effective section area of a bolt
[cm ]
Av =

2.01

[cm2]

Area of bolt section

fub =

[MPa]

k=
w=
e1 =

500.00
1
3
30

[mm]

Tensile resistance
Number of bolt columns
Number of bolt rows
Level of first bolt

p1 =

45

[mm]

Vertical spacing

MATERIAL FACTORS
M0 =

1.00

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

M2 =

1.25

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

LOADS
Case: 11: COMB1 (1+2+3+4+5)*1.35+(6+7)*1.50+10*1.05+8*0.90

LEFT SIDE
Nb2,Ed =

0.06

Vb2,Ed =

86.37

Mb2,Ed =

0.00

[kN]
[kN]
[kN*m]

Axial force
Shear force
Bending moment

RIGHT SIDE
Nb1,Ed =

-0.06

[kN]

Axial force

Vb1,Ed =

86.37

[kN]

Shear force

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Mb1,Ed =

0.00

[kN*m]

Bending moment

RESULTS
LEFT SIDE
BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH PRINCIPAL BEAM
BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

48.25

[kN]

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Ft,Rd =

56.52

[kN]

Tensile resistance of a single bolt

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2
Ft,Rd= 0.9*fu*As/M2

Bolt bearing on the angle

Direction x
k1x =

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

1.80

k1x > 0.0

1.80 > 0.00

bx =
bx > 0.0

0.65 > 0.00

56.15

Direction z
k1z =

[kN]

2.50

Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

2.50 > 0.00

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

bz > 0.0
Fb,Rd2z =

0.56 > 0.00

66.84

[kN]

verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

k1z > 0.0

bz =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.65

Fb,Rd2x =

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified

verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE PRINCIPAL BEAM - ANGLE CONNECTION

Bolt shear
49
e=
M0 =
2.12

[mm]
[kN*m]

Distance between centroid of a bolt group of an angle and center of the beam web
Real bending moment

M0=0.5*Vb2,Ed*e
FVz=0.5*Vb1,Ed/n

FVz =

14.40

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

FMx =

23.51

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment

Fx2,Ed = 23.51

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx2,Ed = FMx

Fz2,Ed = 14.40

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

Fz2,Ed = FVz + FMz

FRdx = 48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd2x)

FRdz = 48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd2z)

FMx=M0*zi/zi2

|Fx2,Ed| FRdx

|23.51| < 48.25

verified

(0.49)

|Fz2,Ed| FRdz

|14.40| < 48.25

verified

(0.30)

Bolt tension
50 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of the principal beam web
e=
M0t = 2.15 [kN*m] Real bending moment

Ft,Ed=M0t*zmax/zi2 + 0.5*Nb2,Ed/n

Ft,Ed = 23.86 [kN] Tensile force in the outermost bolt

Ft,Ed FtRd

23.86 < 56.52

verified

Simultaneous action of a tensile force and a shear force in a bolt

Fv,Ed =
27.57
[kN]
Resultant shear force in a bolt
Fv,Ed/FvRd + Ft,Ed/(1.4*Ft,Rd) 1.0

0.87 < 1.00

M0t=0.5*Vb2,Ed*e
(0.42)

Fv,Ed = [Fx,Ed2 + Fz,Ed2]

verified

(0.87)

BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM

BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

96.51

[kN]

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2

Bolt bearing on the beam

Direction x
k1x =

1.80

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1x = min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

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k1x > 0.0

1.80 > 0.00

bx =
bx > 0.0

0.65 > 0.00

Fb,Rd1x =

Fb,Rd1x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

0.58

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

[kN]

k1z > 0.0

2.50 > 0.00

bz =
bz > 0.0

0.58 > 0.00

Fb,Rd1z =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]
verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

56.15

Direction z
k1z =

verified

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.65

70.19

[kN]

verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd1z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

Bolt bearing on the angle

Direction x
k1x =

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

1.80

k1x > 0.0

1.80 > 0.00

bx =

0.65 > 0.00

112.30

Direction z
k1z =

[kN]

2.50 > 0.00

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

bz > 0.0

0.56 > 0.00

Fb,Rd2z =

133.69

verified
Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50

k1z > 0.0

bz =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.65

bx > 0.0
Fb,Rd2x =

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified

[kN]

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]
verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE ANGLE - BEAM CONNECTION

Bolt shear
50 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of the principal beam web
e=
M0 =
4.29 [kN*m] Real bending moment
FNx =
0.02 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the longitudinal force
FVz = 28.79 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

M0=Mb2,Ed+Vb2,Ed*e
FNx=Nb2,Ed/n
FVz=Vb2,Ed/n

FMx =

47.70

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the x direction

FMx=M0*zi/(xi2+zi2)

FMz =

0.00

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the z direction

FMz=M0*xi/(xi2+zi2)

Fx,Ed = 47.72

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx,Ed = FNx + FMx

Fz2,Ed = 28.79

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

Fz2,Ed = FVz + FMz

FRdx = 56.15

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd1x, FbRd2x)

FRdz = 70.19

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd1z, FbRd2z)

|Fx,Ed| FRdx

|47.72| < 56.15

verified

(0.85)

|Fz,Ed| FRdz

|28.79| < 70.19

verified

(0.41)

VERIFICATION OF THE SECTION DUE TO BLOCK TEARING

ANGLE
Ant =

2.08

[cm2]

Net area of the section in tension

Anv =

6.00

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

162.08

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

VeffRd =

|0.5*Vb2,Ed| VeffRd

|43.19| < 162.08

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.27)

BEAM
Ant =

2.08

[cm2]

Net area of the section in tension

Anv =

12.40

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

293.25

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

VeffRd =

|Vb2,Ed| VeffRd

|86.37| < 293.25

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.29)

RIGHT SIDE

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BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH PRINCIPAL BEAM

BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

48.25

[kN]

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Ft,Rd =

56.52

[kN]

Tensile resistance of a single bolt

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2
Ft,Rd= 0.9*fu*As/M2

Bolt bearing on the angle

Direction x
k1x =

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

1.80

k1x > 0.0

1.80 > 0.00

bx =
bx > 0.0

0.65 > 0.00

56.15

Direction z
k1z =

[kN]

2.50

Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

2.50 > 0.00

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

bz > 0.0
Fb,Rd2z =

0.56 > 0.00

66.84

[kN]

verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

k1z > 0.0

bz =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.65

Fb,Rd2x =

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified

verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE PRINCIPAL BEAM - ANGLE CONNECTION

Bolt shear
49
e=
M0 =
2.12

[mm]
[kN*m]

Distance between centroid of a bolt group of an angle and center of the beam web
Real bending moment

M0=0.5*Vb2,Ed*e
FVz=0.5*Vb2,Ed/n

FVz =

14.40

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

FMx =

23.51

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment

Fx1,Ed = 23.51

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx1,Ed = FMx

Fz1,Ed = 14.40

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

Fz1,Ed = FVz + FMz

FRdx = 48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd2x)

FRdz = 48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd2z)

FMx=M0*zi/zi2

|Fx1,Ed| FRdx

|23.51| < 48.25

verified

(0.49)

|Fz1,Ed| FRdz

|14.40| < 48.25

verified

(0.30)

Bolt tension
50 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of the principal beam web
e=
M0t = 2.15 [kN*m] Real bending moment

Ft,Ed=M0t*zmax/zi2 + 0.5*Nb2,Ed/n

Ft,Ed = 23.84 [kN] Tensile force in the outermost bolt

Ft,Ed Ft,Rd

23.84 < 56.52

verified

Simultaneous action of a tensile force and a shear force in a bolt

Fv,Ed =
27.57
[kN]
Resultant shear force in a bolt
Fv,Ed/Fv,Rd + Ft,Ed/(1.4*Ft,Rd) 1.0

0.87 < 1.00

M0t=0.5*Vb1,Ed*e
(0.42)

Fv,Ed = [Fx,Ed2 + Fz,Ed2]

verified

(0.87)

BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM

BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

96.51

[kN]

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Bolt bearing on the beam

Direction x
k1x =

1.80

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.65

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1x > 0.0

bx =

1.80 > 0.00

bx > 0.0
Fb,Rd1x =

0.65 > 0.00

56.15

[kN]

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

k1x = min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified
bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd1x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Direction z

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k1z =

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.58

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1z > 0.0

2.50 > 0.00

bz =
bz > 0.0

0.58 > 0.00

Fb,Rd1z =

70.19

[kN]

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]
verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd1z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

Bolt bearing on the angle

Direction x
k1x =

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

1.80

k1x > 0.0

1.80 > 0.00

bx =

0.65 > 0.00

112.30

Direction z
k1z =

[kN]

2.50 > 0.00

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

bz > 0.0

0.56 > 0.00

133.69

Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50

Fb,Rd2z =

verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

k1z > 0.0

bz =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.65

bx > 0.0
Fb,Rd2x =

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified

[kN]

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]
verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE ANGLE - BEAM CONNECTION

Bolt shear
50 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of the principal beam web
e=
M0 =
4.29 [kN*m] Real bending moment
FNx =
0.02 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the longitudinal force
FVz = 28.79 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

M0=Vb1,Ed*e
FNx=Nb1,Ed/n
FVz=Vb1,Ed/n

FMx =

47.70

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the x direction

FMx=M0*zi/(xi2+zi2)

FMz =

0.00

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the z direction

FMz=M0*xi/(xi2+zi2)

Fx,Ed = 47.72

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx,Ed = FNx + FMx

Fz1,Ed = 28.79

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

Fz1,Ed = FVz + FMz

FRdx = 56.15

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd1x, FbRd2x)

FRdz = 70.19

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd1z, FbRd2z)

|Fx,Ed| FRdx

|47.72| < 56.15

verified

(0.85)

|Fz,Ed| FRdz

|28.79| < 70.19

verified

(0.41)

VERIFICATION OF THE SECTION DUE TO BLOCK TEARING

ANGLE
Ant =

2.08

[cm2]

Net area of the section in tension

Anv =

6.00

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

162.08

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

VeffRd =

|0.5*Vb1,Ed| VeffRd

|43.19| < 162.08

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.27)

BEAM
Ant =

2.08

[cm2]

Net area of the section in tension

Anv =

12.40

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

293.25

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

VeffRd =

|Vb1,Ed| VeffRd

|86.37| < 293.25

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.29)

VERIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL BEAM

BOLT BEARING ON THE PRINCIPAL BEAM WEB
Direction x
kx =

1.80

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

1.00

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

kx > 0.0
bx =
b > 0.0

1.80 > 0.00

1.00 > 0.00

kx = min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified
bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]
verified

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Fb,Rdx =

101.79

Direction z
kz =

2.50

[kN]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

kz > 0.0

2.50 > 0.00

bz =

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.58

bz > 0.0
Fb,Rdz =

0.58 > 0.00

82.47

Fb,Rdx=kx*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

[kN]

kz=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]
verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rdz=kz*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

RESULTANT FORCE ACTING ON THE OUTERMOST BOLT

Fx,Ed =

47.03

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx,Ed = Fx1,Ed + Fx2,Ed

Fz,Ed =

28.79

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

Fz,Ed = Fz1,Ed + Fz2,Ed

|Fx,Ed| Fb,Rdx

|47.03| < 101.79

verified

(0.46)

|Fz,Ed| Fb,Rdz

|28.79| < 82.47

verified

(0.35)

Connection conforms to the code

Ratio 0.87

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Annex 3. Calculation of column (flange) to beam joint in software ROBOT.

Page 1 of 9

Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2013-Student Version

Design of fixed beam-to-column connection

EN 1993-1-8:2005/AC:2009

Ratio
0.92

GENERAL
Connection no.:
Connection name:
Structure node:
Structure bars:

19
Column-Beam
31
17, 62

GEOMETRY
COLUMN
Section: HEA 300
Bar no.: 17
-90.0
=
hc =
290

[Deg]
[mm]

Height of column section

bfc =

300

[mm]

Width of column section

[mm]

Thickness of the web of column section

Inclination angle

twc =

tfc =

14

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of column section

rc =

27

[mm]

Radius of column section fillet

112.53

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a column

Ac =
Ixc =

18263.50 [cm4] Moment of inertia of the column section

Material: S 355
fyc =
355.00 [MPa] Resistance

BEAM
Section: IPE 450
Bar no.: 62
-0.0
=

[Deg]

Inclination angle

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Page 2 of 9

hb =

450

[mm]

Height of beam section

bf =

190

[mm]

Width of beam section

[mm]

Thickness of the web of beam section

twb =
tfb =

15

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of beam section

rb =

21

[mm]

Radius of beam section fillet

21

[mm]

Radius of beam section fillet

98.82

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a beam

rb =
Ab =
Ixb =

33742.90 [cm4] Moment of inertia of the beam section

Material: S 355
fyb =
355.00 [MPa] Resistance

BOLTS
The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
20 [mm] Bolt diameter
d=
9.8
Class =
Bolt class
FtRd = 158.76 [kN] Tensile resistance of a bolt
nh =
2
Number of bolt columns
nv =

Number of bolt rows

h1 =
80 [mm] Distance between first bolt and upper edge of front plate
Horizontal spacing ei = 100 [mm]
Vertical spacing pi =

110;180 [mm]

PLATE
hp =

490

[mm]

Plate height

bp =

210

[mm]

Plate width

20
Material: S 355
fyp =
355.00

[mm]

Plate thickness

[MPa]

Resistance

[mm]

Web weld

11

[mm]

Flange weld

tp =

FILLET WELDS
aw =
af =

MATERIAL FACTORS
M0 =

1.00

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

M1 =

1.00

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

M2 =

1.25

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

M3 =

1.25

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

LOADS
Ultimate limit state
Case: 15: COMB5 (1+2+3+4+5)*1.35+8*1.50+(6+7+10)*1.05
Mb1,Ed = 156.52

[kN*m]

Bending moment in the right beam

Vb1,Ed =

78.98

[kN]

Shear force in the right beam

Nb1,Ed =

-4.32

[kN]

Axial force in the right beam

Mb2,Ed = -10.67

[kN*m]

Bending moment in the left beam

Vb2,Ed =

17.64

[kN]

Shear force in the left beam

Nb2,Ed =

1.35

[kN]

Axial force in the left beam

Mc1,Ed = -116.79

[kN*m]

Bending moment in the lower column

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Page 3 of 9

Vc1,Ed = -29.20

[kN]

Shear force in the lower column

Nc1,Ed = -575.28

[kN]

Axial force in the lower column

Mc2,Ed =

50.30

[kN*m]

Vc2,Ed =

27.49

[kN]

Shear force in the upper column

Nc2,Ed = -398.93

[kN]

Axial force in the upper column

Bending moment in the upper column

RESULTS
BEAM RESISTANCES
COMPRESSION
Ab =
98.82

[cm2]

Area

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.4]

Design compressive resistance of the section

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.4]

Ncb,Rd = Ab fyb / M0
Ncb,Rd = 3508.14
SHEAR
Avb =

[kN]

[cm2]
Vcb,Rd = Avb (fyb / 3) / M0

Shear area

Vcb,Rd = 1042.12

Design sectional resistance for shear

50.85

[kN]

Vb1,Ed / Vcb,Rd 1,0

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.6.(3)]

0.08 < 1.00

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.6.(2)]
verified

BENDING - PLASTIC MOMENT (WITHOUT BRACKETS)

Wplb = 1701.92 [cm3] Plastic section modulus

(0.08)

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.5.(2)]

Mb,pl,Rd = Wplb fyb / M0

Mb,pl,Rd = 604.18 [kN*m] Plastic resistance of the section for bending (without stiffeners) EN1993-1-1:[6.2.5.(2)]
BENDING ON THE CONTACT SURFACE WITH PLATE OR CONNECTED ELEMENT
Wpl =
1701.92 [cm3] Plastic section modulus

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.5]

Mcb,Rd = Wpl fyb / M0

Mcb,Rd = 604.18

Design resistance of the section for bending

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.5]

FLANGE AND WEB - COMPRESSION

Mcb,Rd = 604.18 [kN*m] Design resistance of the section for bending

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.5]

hf =

435

[kN*m]

[mm]

Distance between the centroids of flanges

[6.2.6.7.(1)]

Resistance of the compressed flange and web

[6.2.6.7.(1)]

Fc,fb,Rd = Mcb,Rd / hf
Fc,fb,Rd = 1387.65

[kN]

COLUMN RESISTANCES
WEB PANEL - SHEAR
Mb1,Ed = 156.52 [kN*m]
Mb2,Ed = -10.67

[kN*m]

Vc1,Ed = -29.20

[kN]

Bending moment (right beam)

[5.3.(3)]

Bending moment (left beam)

[5.3.(3)]

Shear force (lower column)

[5.3.(3)]

27.49
[kN]
Shear force (upper column)
328
z=
[mm]
Lever arm
Vwp,Ed = (Mb1,Ed - Mb2,Ed) / z - (Vc1,Ed - Vc2,Ed) / 2

[5.3.(3)]
[6.2.5]

Vwp,Ed = 538.51

[kN]

Shear force acting on the web panel

[5.3.(3)]

Avs =

37.28

[cm2]

Shear area of the column web

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.6.(3)]

37.28

[cm2]

Shear area

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.6.(3)]

Vc2,Ed =

Avc =

Vwp,Rd = 0.9*( fy,wc*Avc+fy,wp*Avp+fys*Avd ) / (3 M0)

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Page 4 of 9

Vwp,Rd = 687.64

[kN]

Resistance of the column web panel for shear

Vwp,Ed / Vwp,Rd 1,0

0.78 < 1.00

verified

[6.2.6.1]
(0.78)

WEB - TRANSVERSE COMPRESSION - LEVEL OF THE BEAM BOTTOM FLANGE

Bearing:
twc =
beff,c,wc =

9 [mm] Effective thickness of the column web

[6.2.6.2.(6)]

291 [mm] Effective width of the web for compression

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

37.28 [cm2] Shear area

0.78
Reduction factor for interaction with shear
=
com,Ed = 117.63 [MPa] Maximum compressive stress in web

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.6.(3)]

Avc =

kwc =

Reduction factor conditioned by compressive stresses

1.00

[6.2.6.2.(1)]
[6.2.6.2.(2)]
[6.2.6.2.(2)]

Fc,wc,Rd1 = kwc beff,c,wbc twc fyc / M0

Fc,wc,Rd1 = 685.12
Buckling:
dwc =
p =

208

[kN]

[mm]

1.11

Column web resistance

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

Height of compressed web

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

Plate slenderness of an element

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

0.74
Reduction factor for element buckling
=
Fc,wb,Rd2 = kwc beff,c,wc twc fyc / M1

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

Fc,wc,Rd2 = 506.52

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

[kN]

Column web resistance

Final resistance:
Fc,wc,Rd,low = Min (Fc,wc,Rd1 , Fc,wc,Rd2)
Fc,wc,Rd = 506.52

[kN]

Column web resistance

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

WEB - TRANSVERSE COMPRESSION - LEVEL OF THE BEAM TOP FLANGE

Bearing:
twc =
beff,c,wc =

9 [mm] Effective thickness of the column web

[6.2.6.2.(6)]

291 [mm] Effective width of the web for compression

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

37.28 [cm2] Shear area

0.78
Reduction factor for interaction with shear
=
com,Ed = 117.63 [MPa] Maximum compressive stress in web

EN1993-1-1:[6.2.6.(3)]

Avc =

kwc =

Reduction factor conditioned by compressive stresses

1.00

[6.2.6.2.(1)]
[6.2.6.2.(2)]
[6.2.6.2.(2)]

Fc,wc,Rd1 = kwc beff,c,wbc twc fyc / M0

Fc,wc,Rd1 = 685.12
Buckling:
dwc =
p =

208

[kN]

[mm]

Column web resistance

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

Height of compressed web

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

Plate slenderness of an element

0.74
Reduction factor for element buckling
=
Fc,wb,Rd2 = kwc beff,c,wc twc fyc / M1

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

Fc,wc,Rd2 = 506.52

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

1.11

[kN]

Column web resistance

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

Final resistance:
Fc,wc,Rd,upp = Min (Fc,wc,Rd1 , Fc,wc,Rd2)
Fc,wc,Rd,upp = 506.52

[kN]

Column web resistance

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF A CONNECTION

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Page 5 of 9

EFFECTIVE LENGTHS AND PARAMETERS - COLUMN FLANGE

Nr
m
1 24
2 24
3 24

mx
-

e
100
100
100

ex
-

p
110
145
180

leff,cp
152
152
152

leff,nc
191
222
222

leff,1
152
152
152

leff,2
191
222
222

leff,cp,g leff,nc,g leff,1,g

186
220
256

135
110
201

135
110
201

leff,2,g
135
110
201

EFFECTIVE LENGTHS AND PARAMETERS - FRONT PLATE

Nr
m
1 37
2 37
3 37
m
mx

mx
-

ex

e
55
55
55

p
110
145
180

leff,cp
235
235
235

leff,nc
253
218
218

leff,1
235
218
218

leff,2
253
218
218

p
leff,cp

Bolt distance from the web

Bolt distance from the beam flange
Bolt distance from the outer edge
Bolt distance from the horizontal outer edge
Distance between bolts
Effective length for a single bolt in the circular failure mode

leff,nc

Effective length for a single bolt in the non-circular failure mode

leff,1

Effective length for a single bolt for mode 1

e
ex

leff,cp,g leff,nc,g leff,1,g

227
290
297

199
145
199

199
145
199

leff,2,g
199
145
199

leff,2

Effective length for a single bolt for mode 2

leff,cp,g Effective length for a group of bolts in the circular failure mode
leff,nc,g Effective length for a group of bolts in the non-circular failure mode
leff,1,g

Effective length for a group of bolts for mode 1

leff,2,g

Effective length for a group of bolts for mode 2

CONNECTION RESISTANCE FOR COMPRESSION

Nj,Rd = Min ( Ncb,Rd , 2 Fc,wc,Rd,low , 2 Fc,wc,Rd,upp )
Nj,Rd = 1013.05

[kN]

Connection resistance for compression

Nb1,Ed / Nj,Rd 1,0

0.00 < 1.00

[6.2]
verified

(0.00)

CONNECTION RESISTANCE FOR BENDING

Ft,Rd =

158.76

[kN]

Bolt resistance for tension

[Table 3.4]

Bp,Rd =

297.67

[kN]

Punching shear resistance of a bolt

[Table 3.4]

Ft,fc,Rd

column flange resistance due to bending

Ft,wc,Rd column web resistance due to tension
Ft,ep,Rd resistance of the front plate due to bending
Ft,wb,Rd resistance of the web in tension
Ft,fc,Rd = Min (FT,1,fc,Rd , FT,2,fc,Rd , FT,3,fc,Rd)

Ft,wc,Rd = beff,t,wc twc fyc / M0

Ft,ep,Rd = Min (FT,1,ep,Rd , FT,2,ep,Rd , FT,3,ep,Rd)
Ft,wb,Rd = beff,t,wb twb fyb / M0

[6.2.6.4] , [Tab.6.2]
[6.2.6.3.(1)]
[6.2.6.5] , [Tab.6.2]
[6.2.6.8.(1)]

RESISTANCE OF THE BOLT ROW NO. 1

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Ft1,Rd,comp - Formula

Ft1,Rd,comp

Component

Ft,fc,Rd(1) = 298.56

298.56

Column flange - tension

Ft,wc,Rd(1) = 425.93

425.93

Column web - tension

Ft,ep,Rd(1) = 317.52

317.52

Front plate - tension

Ft,wb,Rd(1) = 783.75

783.75

Beam web - tension

Bp,Rd = 595.34

595.34

Bolts due to shear punching

Vwp,Rd/ = 643.77

643.77

Web panel - shear

Fc,wc,Rd = 506.52

506.52

Column web - compression

Fc,fb,Rd = 1387.65

1387.65

Beam flange - compression

Ft1,Rd = Min (Ft1,Rd,comp)

298.56

Bolt row resistance

Ft2,Rd,comp - Formula

Ft2,Rd,comp

Component

Ft,fc,Rd(2) = 317.52

RESISTANCE OF THE BOLT ROW NO. 2

317.52

Column flange - tension

Ft,wc,Rd(2) = 425.93

425.93

Column web - tension

Ft,ep,Rd(2) = 317.52

317.52

Front plate - tension

Ft,wb,Rd(2) = 728.37

728.37

Beam web - tension

Bp,Rd = 595.34

595.34

Bolts due to shear punching

Vwp,Rd/ - 11 Fti,Rd = 643.77 - 298.56

345.21

Web panel - shear

Fc,wc,Rd - 11 Ftj,Rd = 506.52 - 298.56

Fc,fb,Rd - 11 Ftj,Rd = 1387.65 - 298.56
Ft,fc,Rd(2 + 1) - 11 Ftj,Rd = 509.66 - 298.56
Ft,wc,Rd(2 + 1) - 11 Ftj,Rd = 623.54 - 298.56
Ft,ep,Rd(2 + 1) - 11 Ftj,Rd = 635.04 - 298.56
Ft,wb,Rd(2 + 1) - 11 Ftj,Rd = 1148.08 - 298.56

207.96

Column web - compression

1089.09

Beam flange - compression

211.10

Column flange - tension - group

324.98

Column web - tension - group

336.48

Front plate - tension - group

849.52

Beam web - tension - group

207.96

Bolt row resistance

Ft3,Rd,comp - Formula

Ft3,Rd,comp

Component

Ft,fc,Rd(3) = 317.52

317.52

Column flange - tension

Ft2,Rd = Min (Ft2,Rd,comp)

RESISTANCE OF THE BOLT ROW NO. 3

Ft,wc,Rd(3) = 425.93

425.93

Column web - tension

Ft,ep,Rd(3) = 317.52

317.52

Front plate - tension

Ft,wb,Rd(3) = 728.37

728.37

Beam web - tension

Bp,Rd = 595.34

595.34

Bolts due to shear punching

Vwp,Rd/ - 12 Fti,Rd = 643.77 - 506.52

Fc,wc,Rd - 12 Ftj,Rd = 506.52 - 506.52
Fc,fb,Rd - 12 Ftj,Rd = 1387.65 - 506.52
Ft,fc,Rd(3 + 2) - 22 Ftj,Rd = 551.79 - 207.96
Ft,wc,Rd(3 + 2) - 22 Ftj,Rd = 729.47 - 207.96
Ft,fc,Rd(3 + 2 + 1) - 21 Ftj,Rd = 814.63 - 506.52
Ft,wc,Rd(3 + 2 + 1) - 21 Ftj,Rd = 878.78 - 506.52
Ft,ep,Rd(3 + 2) - 22 Ftj,Rd = 635.04 - 207.96
Ft,wb,Rd(3 + 2) - 22 Ftj,Rd = 1148.38 - 207.96

137.25

Web panel - shear

0.00

Column web - compression

881.12

Beam flange - compression

343.83

Column flange - tension - group

521.51

Column web - tension - group

308.10

Column flange - tension - group

372.25

Column web - tension - group

427.08

Front plate - tension - group

940.42

Beam web - tension - group

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Ft,ep,Rd(3 + 2 + 1) - 21 Ftj,Rd = 952.56 - 506.52

446.04

Front plate - tension - group

Ft,wb,Rd(3 + 2 + 1) - 2 Ftj,Rd = 1812.60 - 506.52

Ft3,Rd = Min (Ft3,Rd,comp)

1306.08

Beam web - tension - group

0.00

Bolt row resistance

SUMMARY TABLE OF FORCES

Ftj,Rd

hj
Nr
1 383
2 273
3 93

Ft,fc,Rd

298.56
207.96
-

298.56
317.52
317.52

Ft,wc,Rd
425.93
425.93
425.93

Ft,ep,Rd
317.52
317.52
317.52

Ft,wb,Rd
783.75
728.37
728.37

Ft,Rd
317.52
317.52
317.52

Bp,Rd
595.34
595.34
595.34

CONNECTION RESISTANCE FOR BENDING Mj,Rd

Mj,Rd = hj Ftj,Rd
Mj,Rd =

[kN*m]

170.97

Connection resistance for bending

Mb1,Ed / Mj,Rd 1,0

[6.2]
verified

0.92 < 1.00

(0.92)

CONNECTION RESISTANCE FOR SHEAR

v =
Fv,Rd =

0.60

Coefficient for calculation of Fv,Rd

[Table 3.4]

135.72

[kN]

Shear resistance of a single bolt

[Table 3.4]

Tensile resistance of a single bolt

[Table 3.4]

Ft,Rd,max = 158.76

[kN]

Fb,Rd,int = 263.20

[kN]

Bearing resistance of an intermediate bolt

[Table 3.4]

Fb,Rd,ext = 263.20

[kN]

Bearing resistance of an outermost bolt

[Table 3.4]

Ftj,Ed,N

Ftj,Rd,N
Nr
1 317.52
2 317.52
3 317.52
Ftj,Rd,N

-1.44
-1.44
-1.44

Ftj,Rd,M
298.56
207.96
317.52

Ftj,Ed,M
273.32
190.38
0.00

Ftj,Ed
271.88
188.94
-1.44

Fvj,Rd
105.42
156.07
271.43

Bolt row resistance for simple tension

Ftj,Ed,N

Force due to axial force in a bolt row

Ftj,Rd,M Bolt row resistance for simple bending
Ftj,Ed,M Force due to moment in a bolt row
Ftj,Ed

Maximum tensile force in a bolt row

Fvj,Rd

Reduced bolt row resistance

Ftj,Ed,N = Nj,Ed Ftj,Rd,N / Nj,Rd

Ftj,Ed,M = Mj,Ed Ftj,Rd,M / Mj,Rd
Ftj,Ed = Ftj,Ed,N + Ftj,Ed,M
Fvj,Rd = Min (nh Fv,Rd (1 - Ftj,Ed/ (1.4 nh Ft,Rd,max), nh Fv,Rd , nh Fb,Rd))
Vj,Rd = nh 1n Fvj,Rd
Vj,Rd =

[Table 3.4]
[kN]

532.92

Vb1,Ed / Vj,Rd 1,0

Connection resistance for shear

0.15 < 1.00

[Table 3.4]
verified

(0.15)

WELD RESISTANCE
Aw =
Awy =

115.19 [cm2] Area of all welds

62.16 [cm2] Area of horizontal welds

[4.5.3.2(2)]
[4.5.3.2(2)]

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Awz =

53.03 [cm2] Area of vertical welds

[4.5.3.2(2)]
36281.76 [cm4] Moment of inertia of the weld arrangement with respect to the hor. axis [4.5.3.2(5)]

Iwy =
max=max =

-70.69 [MPa] Normal stress in a weld

[4.5.3.2(5)]

= =

-58.15 [MPa] Stress in a vertical weld

[4.5.3.2(5)]

II =

14.89 [MPa] Tangent stress

w =

[4.5.3.2(5)]

Correlation coefficient

0.90

[4.5.3.2(7)]

[max2 + 3*(max2)] fu/(w*M2)

141.37 < 417.78

verified

(0.34)

[2

119.13 < 417.78

verified

(0.29)

70.69 < 338.40

verified

(0.21)

3*(2+II2)]

fu/(w*M2)

0.9*fu/M2

CONNECTION STIFFNESS
twash =

[mm]

Washer thickness

[6.2.6.3.(2)]

hhead =

14

[mm]

Bolt head height

[6.2.6.3.(2)]

hnut =

20

[mm]

Bolt nut height

[6.2.6.3.(2)]

Lb =

59

[mm]

Bolt length

[6.2.6.3.(2)]

[mm]

Stiffness coefficient of bolts

k10 =

[6.3.2.(1)]

STIFFNESSES OF BOLT ROWS

Nr
1
2
3

k4

k3

hj
383
273
93

3
2
3

24
19
27

k5
27
20
27

keff,j
2
2
2
Sum

keff,j hj
6.89
4.18
1.80
12.87

keff,j = 1 / (35 (1 / ki,j))

keff,j
h j2
263.71
113.94
16.70
394.34
[6.3.3.1.(2)]

zeq = j keff,j hj2 / j keff,j hj

zeq =

[mm]

306

Equivalent force arm

[6.3.3.1.(3)]

keq = j keff,j hj / zeq

keq =

[mm]

Avc = 37.28 [cm2]

1.07
=
306 [mm]
z=
k1 =
4 [mm]
beff,c,wc =

Equivalent stiffness coefficient of a bolt arrangement

Shear area
Transformation parameter
Lever arm
Stiffness coefficient of the column web panel subjected to shear

[6.3.3.1.(1)]
EN1993-1-1:[6.2.6.(3)]
[5.3.(7)]
[6.2.5]
[6.3.2.(1)]

275

[mm]

Effective width of the web for compression

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

[mm]

Effective thickness of the column web

[6.2.6.2.(6)]

dc =

262

[mm]

Height of compressed web

[6.2.6.2.(1)]

k2 =

[mm]

Stiffness coefficient of the compressed column web

twc =

[6.3.2.(1)]

Sj,ini = E zeq2 / i (1 / k1 + 1 / k2 + 1 / keq)

[6.3.1.(4)]

Sj,ini =

[6.3.1.(4)]

31337.20

2.35
=
Sj = Sj,ini /

[kN*m]

Initial rotational stiffness

Stiffness coefficient of a connection

[6.3.1.(6)]
[6.3.1.(4)]

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Page 9 of 9

Sj =

13310.58

[kN*m]

Final rotational stiffness

Connection classification due to stiffness.

Sj,rig = 94480.12 [kN*m] Stiffness of a rigid connection
Sj,pin =

5905.01

[kN*m]

Stiffness of a pinned connection

[6.3.1.(4)]

[5.2.2.5]
[5.2.2.5]

Sj,pin Sj,ini < Sj,rig SEMI-RIGID

WEAKEST COMPONENT:
COLUMN WEB - COMPRESSION

REMARKS
Distance of bolts from an edge is too large. 120 [mm] > 120 [mm]

Connection conforms to the code

Ratio 0.92

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Annex 4. Calculation of column (web) to beam joint in software ROBOT.

Page 1 of 8

Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2013-Student Version

Calculation of the beam-column (web) connection

EN 1993-1-8:2005/AC:2009

Ratio
0.84

GENERAL
7
Connection no.:
Connection name: Beam-column (web)

GEOMETRY
COLUMN
Section: HEA 300
-90.0
=
hc =
290

[Deg]

Inclination angle

[mm]

Height of column section

bfc =

300

[mm]

Width of column section

twc =

[mm]

Thickness of the web of column section

tfc =

14

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of column section

rc =

27

[mm]

Radius of column section fillet

112.53

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a column

18263.50
Material: S 355
fyc =
355.00

[cm4]

Moment of inertia of the column section

[MPa]

Design resistance

fuc =

470.00

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

Section: IPE 360

0.0
=
hbl =
360

[Deg]

Inclination angle

[mm]

Height of beam section

170

[mm]

Width of beam section

[mm]

Thickness of the web of beam section

13

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of beam section

rbl =

18

[mm]

Radius of beam section fillet

Ab =

72.73

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a beam

16265.60
Material: S 355

[cm4]

Moment of inertia of the beam section

Ac =
Iyc =

LEFT SIDE
BEAM

bbl =
twbl =
tfbl =

Iybl =

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Page 2 of 8

fybl =

355.00

[MPa]

Design resistance

fubl =

470.00

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

Section: CAE 80x8

0.0
=
hkl =
80

[Deg]

Inclination angle

[mm]

Height of angle section

bkl =

80

[mm]

Width of angle section

tfkl =

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of angle section

rkl =

10

[mm]

Fillet radius of the web of angle section

150
Material: S 355
fykl =
355.00

[mm]

Angle length

[MPa]

Design resistance

fukl =

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

ANGLE

lkl =

470.00

BOLTS
BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM
The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
5.8
Class =
Bolt class
16
d=
[mm]
Bolt diameter
d0 =
18
[mm]
Bolt opening diameter
2
As =
1.57
Effective
section area of a bolt
[cm ]
Av =

2.01

[cm2]

Area of bolt section

fub =

500.00
1
2
45

[MPa]

k=
w=
e1 =

[mm]

Tensile resistance
Number of bolt columns
Number of bolt rows
Level of first bolt

p1 =

60

[mm]

Vertical spacing

Section: IPE 360

0.0
=
hbr =
360

[Deg]

Inclination angle

[mm]

Height of beam section

bbr =

170

[mm]

Width of beam section

[mm]

Thickness of the web of beam section

tfbr =

13

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of beam section

rbr =

18

[mm]

Radius of beam section fillet

72.73

[cm2]

Cross-sectional area of a beam

16265.60
Material: S 355
fybr =
355.00

[cm4]

Moment of inertia of the beam section

[MPa]

Design resistance

fubr =

470.00

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

Section: CAE 80x8

hkr =
80

[mm]

Height of angle section

bkr =

80

[mm]

Width of angle section

tfkr =

[mm]

Thickness of the flange of angle section

rkr =

10

[mm]

Fillet radius of the web of angle section

150
Material: S 355
fykr =
355.00

[mm]

Angle length

[MPa]

Design resistance

fukr =

[MPa]

Tensile resistance

RIGHT SIDE
BEAM

twbr =

Abr =
Iybr =

ANGLE

lkr =

470.00

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Page 3 of 8

BOLTS
BOLTS CONNECTING COLUMN WITH ANGLE
The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
5.8
Class =
Bolt class
16
d=
[mm]
Bolt diameter
d0 =
18
[mm]
Bolt opening diameter
2
As =
1.57
Effective
section area of a bolt
[cm ]
Av =

2.01

[cm2]

Area of bolt section

fub =

[MPa]

k=
w=
e1 =

500.00
1
2
45

[mm]

Tensile resistance
Number of bolt columns
Number of bolt rows
Level of first bolt

p1 =

60

[mm]

Vertical spacing

BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM

The shear plane passes through the UNTHREADED portion of the bolt.
5.8
Class =
Bolt class
16
d=
[mm]
Bolt diameter
d0 =
18
[mm]
Bolt opening diameter
2
As =
1.57
Effective section area of a bolt
[cm ]
Av =

2.01

[cm2]

Area of bolt section

fub =

[MPa]

k=
w=
e1 =

500.00
1
2
45

[mm]

Tensile resistance
Number of bolt columns
Number of bolt rows
Level of first bolt

p1 =

60

[mm]

Vertical spacing

MATERIAL FACTORS
M0 =

1.00

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

M2 =

1.25

Partial safety factor

[2.2]

LOADS
Case: Manual calculations.

LEFT SIDE
Nb2,Ed =

23.44

[kN]

Axial force

Vb2,Ed =

44.32

[kN]

Shear force

Mb2,Ed =

0.00

[kN*m]

Bending moment

RIGHT SIDE
Nb1,Ed =

37.38

[kN]

Axial force

Vb1,Ed =

-44.32

[kN]

Shear force

Mb1,Ed =

0.00

[kN*m]

Bending moment

RESULTS
LEFT SIDE
BOLTS CONNECTING COLUMN WITH ANGLE
BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

48.25

[kN]

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Ft,Rd =

56.52

[kN]

Tensile resistance of a single bolt

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2
Ft,Rd= 0.9*fu*As/M2

Bolt bearing on the angle

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Direction x
k1x =

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50

k1x > 0.0

2.50 > 0.00

bx =
bx > 0.0

0.56 > 0.00

Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

0.83

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

[kN]

k1z > 0.0

2.50 > 0.00

bz =
bz > 0.0

0.83 > 0.00

Fb,Rd2z =

verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

66.84

Direction z
k1z =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

Fb,Rd2x =

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified

100.27

[kN]

verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE COLUMN - ANGLE CONNECTION

Bolt shear
e=
M0 =

54 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group of an angle and center of the beam web
1.20 [kN*m] Real bending moment

M0=0.5*Vb2,Ed*e

FVz =

11.08

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

FVz=0.5*Vb1,Ed/n

FMx =

19.94

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment

Fx2,Ed = 19.94

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx2,Ed = FMx

Fz2,Ed = 11.08

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

Fz2,Ed = FVz + FMz

FRdx =

48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd2x)

FRdz =

48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd2z)

FMx=M0*zi/zi2

|Fx2,Ed| FRdx

|19.94| < 48.25

verified

(0.41)

|Fz2,Ed| FRdz

|11.08| < 48.25

verified

(0.23)

Bolt tension
54 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of column web
e=
M0t =
1.20 [kN*m] Real bending moment
Ft,Ed = 25.90

[kN]

Tensile force in the outermost bolt

Ft,Ed FtRd

25.90 < 56.52

verified

Simultaneous action of a tensile force and a shear force in a bolt

Fv,Ed =
22.82
[kN]
Resultant shear force in a bolt
Fv,Ed/FvRd + Ft,Ed/(1.4*Ft,Rd) 1.0

0.80 < 1.00

M0t=0.5*Vb2,Ed*e
Ft,Ed=M0t*zmax/zi2 + 0.5*Nb2,Ed/n
(0.46)

Fv,Ed = [Fx,Ed2 + Fz,Ed2]

verified

(0.80)

BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM

BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

96.51

[kN]

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Bolt bearing on the beam

Direction x
k1x =

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50

k1x > 0.0

bx =

2.50 > 0.00

Direction z
k1z =

0.74 > 0.00

89.13

[kN]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.86

0.86 > 0.00

103.61

Fb,Rd1x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

2.50 > 0.00

bz > 0.0
Fb,Rd1z =

verified

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50

k1z > 0.0

bz =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.74

bx > 0.0
Fb,Rd1x =

k1x = min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified

[kN]

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]
verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd1z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

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Bolt bearing on the angle

Direction x
k1x =

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1x > 0.0

2.50 > 0.00

bx =
bx > 0.0
Fb,Rd2x =

0.56 > 0.00

133.69

Direction z
k1z =

[kN]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

bz > 0.0

0.83 > 0.00

200.53

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

2.50 > 0.00

0.83

Fb,Rd2z =

verified

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50

k1z > 0.0

bz =

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

[kN]

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]
verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE ANGLE - BEAM CONNECTION

Bolt shear
54 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of column web
e=
M0 =
2.40 [kN*m] Real bending moment
FNx = 11.72 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the longitudinal force
FVz = 22.16 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

M0=Mb2,Ed+Vb2,Ed*e
FNx=Nb2,Ed/n
FVz=Vb2,Ed/n

FMx =

40.07

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the x direction

FMx=M0*zi/(xi2+zi2)

FMz =

0.00

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the z direction

FMz=M0*xi/(xi2+zi2)

Fx,Ed = 51.79

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx,Ed = FNx + FMx

Fz2,Ed = FVz + FMz

Fz2,Ed = 22.16

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

FRdx = 89.13

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdz = 96.51

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd1x, FbRd2x)

FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd1z, FbRd2z)

|Fx,Ed| FRdx

|51.79| < 89.13

verified

(0.58)

|Fz,Ed| FRdz

|22.16| < 96.51

verified

(0.23)

VERIFICATION OF THE SECTION DUE TO BLOCK TEARING

ANGLE
Ant =

1.68

[cm2]

Net area of the section in tension

Anv =

6.24

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

159.48

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

VeffRd =

|0.5*Vb2,Ed| VeffRd

|22.16| < 159.48

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.14)

BEAM
Ant =

2.48

[cm2]

Net area of the section in tension

Anv =

14.64

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

346.68

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

VeffRd =

|Vb2,Ed| VeffRd

|44.32| < 346.68

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.13)

RIGHT SIDE
BOLTS CONNECTING COLUMN WITH ANGLE
BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

48.25

[kN]

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Ft,Rd =

56.52

[kN]

Tensile resistance of a single bolt

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2
Ft,Rd= 0.9*fu*As/M2

Bolt bearing on the angle

Direction x
k1x =
k1x > 0.0

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50 > 0.00

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

verified

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bx =

0.56 > 0.00

Fb,Rd2x =

66.84

Direction z
k1z =

[kN]

2.50 > 0.00

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]
verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.83

bz > 0.0

0.83 > 0.00

100.27

Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50

Fb,Rd2z =

verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

k1z > 0.0

bz =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

bx > 0.0

[kN]

verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE COLUMN - ANGLE CONNECTION

Bolt shear
e=
M0 =

54 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group of an angle and center of the beam web
1.20 [kN*m] Real bending moment

M0=0.5*Vb2,Ed*e

FVz =

11.08

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

FMx =

19.94

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment

Fx1,Ed = 19.94

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx1,Ed = FMx
Fz1,Ed = FVz + FMz

Fz1,Ed = 11.08

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

FRdx =

48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdz =

48.25

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FVz=0.5*Vb2,Ed/n
FMx=M0*zi/zi2

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd2x)
FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd2z)

|Fx1,Ed| FRdx

|19.94| < 48.25

verified

(0.41)

|Fz1,Ed| FRdz

|11.08| < 48.25

verified

(0.23)

Bolt tension
54 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of column web
e=
M0t =
1.20 [kN*m] Real bending moment
Ft,Ed = 29.38

[kN]

Ft,Ed=M0t*zmax/zi2 + 0.5*Nb2,Ed/n

Tensile force in the outermost bolt

Ft,Ed Ft,Rd

29.38 < 56.52

verified

Simultaneous action of a tensile force and a shear force in a bolt

Fv,Ed =
22.82
[kN]
Resultant shear force in a bolt
Fv,Ed/Fv,Rd + Ft,Ed/(1.4*Ft,Rd) 1.0

0.84 < 1.00

M0t=0.5*Vb1,Ed*e
(0.52)

Fv,Ed = [Fx,Ed2 + Fz,Ed2]

verified

(0.84)

BOLTS CONNECTING ANGLE WITH BEAM

BOLT CAPACITIES
Fv,Rd =

96.51

[kN]

Fv,Rd= 0.6*fub*Av*m/M2

Shear resistance of the shank of a single bolt

Bolt bearing on the beam

Direction x
k1x =

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.74

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1x > 0.0

bx =

2.50 > 0.00

bx > 0.0
Fb,Rd1x =
Direction z
k1z =

0.74 > 0.00

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd1x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

0.86

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

[kN]

2.50 > 0.00

bz > 0.0
Fb,Rd1z =

verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

89.13

k1z > 0.0

bz =

k1x = min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

0.86 > 0.00

103.61

[kN]

verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

Fb,Rd1z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1x=min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

Bolt bearing on the angle

Direction x
k1x =

2.50

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k1x > 0.0

2.50 > 0.00

bx =
bx > 0.0
Fb,Rd2x =

0.56 > 0.00

133.69

Direction z
k1z =

[kN]

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

k1z=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

bz > 0.0

0.83 > 0.00

200.53

[kN]

verified
Fb,Rd2x=k1x*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

2.50 > 0.00

0.83

Fb,Rd2z =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

k1z > 0.0

bz =

verified

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

0.56

verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rd2z=k1z*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

FORCES ACTING ON BOLTS IN THE ANGLE - BEAM CONNECTION

Bolt shear
54 [mm] Distance between centroid of a bolt group and center of column web
e=
M0 =
-2.40 [kN*m] Real bending moment
FNx =
18.69 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the longitudinal force
FVz =
22.16 [kN] Component force in a bolt due to influence of the shear force

M0=Vb1,Ed*e
FNx=Nb1,Ed/n
FVz=Vb1,Ed/n

FMx =

-40.07

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the x direction

FMx=M0*zi/(xi2+zi2)

FMz =

0.00

[kN]

Component force in a bolt due to influence of the moment on the z direction

FMz=M0*xi/(xi2+zi2)

Fx,Ed = -21.38

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx,Ed = FNx + FMx

Fz1,Ed = FVz + FMz

Fz1,Ed = 22.16

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

FRdx =

89.13

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction x

FRdx=min(FvRd, FbRd1x, FbRd2x)

FRdz =

96.51

[kN]

Effective design capacity of a bolt on the direction z

FRdz=min(FvRd, FbRd1z, FbRd2z)

|Fx,Ed| FRdx

|-21.38| < 89.13

verified

(0.24)

|Fz,Ed| FRdz

|22.16| < 96.51

verified

(0.23)

VERIFICATION OF THE SECTION DUE TO BLOCK TEARING

ANGLE
Ant =
Anv =
VeffRd =

3.28

[cm2]

6.24

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

189.56

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

Net area of the section in tension

|0.5*Vb1,Ed| VeffRd

|-22.16| < 189.56

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.12)

BEAM
Ant =

2.48

[cm2]

Anv =

14.64

[cm2]

Area of the section in shear

346.68

[kN]

Design capacity of a section weakened by openings

VeffRd =

Net area of the section in tension

|Vb1,Ed| VeffRd

|-44.32| < 346.68

VeffRd=0.5*fu*Ant/M2 + (1/3)*fy*Anv/M0
verified

(0.13)

COLUMN VERIFICATION
BOLT BEARING ON THE COLUMN WEB
Direction x
kx =

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

1.00

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

kx > 0.0
bx =

2.50 > 0.00

b > 0.0

1.00 > 0.00

Fb,Rdx =

127.84

Direction z
kz =

bx=min[e2/(3*d0), fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rdx=kx*bx*fu*d*ti/M2

2.50

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

kz=min[2.8*(e2/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

0.86

Coefficient for calculation of Fb,Rd

2.50 > 0.00

bz > 0.0
Fb,Rdz =

verified

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

[kN]

kz > 0.0
bz =

kx = min[2.8*(e1/d0)-1.7, 1.4*(p1/d0)-1.7, 2.5]

0.86 > 0.00

110.08

[kN]

Bearing resistance of a single bolt

verified
bz=min[e1/(3*d0), p1/(3*d0)-0.25, fub/fu, 1]
verified
Fb,Rdz=kz*bz*fu*d*ti/M2

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RESULTANT FORCE ACTING ON THE OUTERMOST BOLT

Fx,Ed =

39.89

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction x

Fx,Ed = Fx1,Ed + Fx2,Ed

Fz,Ed =

22.16

[kN]

Design total force in a bolt on the direction z

Fz,Ed = Fz1,Ed + Fz2,Ed

|Fx,Ed| Fb,Rdx

|39.89| < 127.84

verified

(0.31)

|Fz,Ed| Fb,Rdz

|22.16| < 110.08

verified

(0.20)

Connection conforms to the code

Ratio 0.84

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Annex 5. Drawn part (3D view, plan view, elevations, execution drawing for a column,
execution drawing for a beam, joint details).