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3.system of Equation

The document discusses solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It provides examples of setting up the coefficient matrix [A] and constant vector [B] for different systems. It then performs row reduction on [A|[B]] to determine the consistency, number of solutions, and to solve the systems. Some key steps covered include: - Checking the rank of [A] and [A|[B]] to determine consistency - Solving homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems using free parameters - Finding values of parameters for which systems have unique, infinitely many, or no solutions The document contains worked examples testing various systems for consistency, uniqueness of solutions, and solving systems with parameters. Matrices are used throughout to set

Uploaded by

Shubham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
1K views

3.system of Equation

The document discusses solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It provides examples of setting up the coefficient matrix [A] and constant vector [B] for different systems. It then performs row reduction on [A|[B]] to determine the consistency, number of solutions, and to solve the systems. Some key steps covered include: - Checking the rank of [A] and [A|[B]] to determine consistency - Solving homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems using free parameters - Finding values of parameters for which systems have unique, infinitely many, or no solutions The document contains worked examples testing various systems for consistency, uniqueness of solutions, and solving systems with parameters. Matrices are used throughout to set

Uploaded by

Shubham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems

System of Equation :-

Q . Test for consistency and solve if consistent.


2x3y+7z=3
3x+y3z=13
2x+19y47z=32
Solution:
[A : B] =[


| ]

=[


| ]

+ , +

=[


| ]

=[


| ]

Rank =2
1

Matrices

System Of Equations

rank (A:B) = 3
The system is inconsistent

Q . Solve equation x + y + z = 3
x +2 y + 3z = 4
x + 4y + 9z = 6


| ]


| ]

3

[


| ]

Rank A=rank (A:B)=3


No. of solution
2z = 0
z=0
2

Solved Problems

Matrices

System Of Equations

y+2z=1
y=1
x+ y + z=3
x=2
Q . Test for consistency : 5 + + =
3 + + =
7 + + =


| ]

~[


| ]

+ , +

~[


| ]

() , ()

Solved Problems

Matrices

System Of Equations

~[

Solved Problems


| ]

~[


| ]

Rank A = 2 =rank[A:B] < no. of unknowns.


# L.I solution = nr =3 2 = 1
11 + =

(i)

+ =
Let = t
(i)

(tR)

(ii) = 14+3t49 { }

Q . Solve following equations : + + + =


+ + + =
+ =

(ii)

Matrices

System Of Equations


[A:B] =[

Solved Problems


| ]

~ [


| ]

~ [


| ]

Rank A = 3 =rank[A:B] < no. of unknowns.


System has infinitely many solution.
# L.I solution = nr =5 3 = 2
18 =
+ =

(i)
(ii)

+ + + = (iii)
Let = , =

= = 3

( , )

=2
= +
5

Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems

Q . for what value of will have no 3x 2y +z = 1


2x +y + z = 2
x + 2y z = 1
will equation have any solution for each value of

[A:B] = [


| ]



~ [


| ]

~ [


| ]

~ [

| ]

For no unique solution we must have


|| = 0

Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems

~ [
]

= 84 { } = 0
8= 4
For = 2 system here no unique solution

~ [

| ]

Rank A=2
Rank (A:B) =3
system has no unique solution.
Q . For what value of , equation have solution
x + y +z = 1
x +2y +4 z =
x + 4y +10z =
Equation have solution and find the solution in each case

[A:B]= [


| ]

,
7

Matrices

System Of Equations


~ [

| ]



~ [

]
|
+ +

Rank A =2
System has a solution is rank of [A:B] =2
i.e if + + =0
if = or 2
if =


| ]

rank A = 2 rank [A:B] < no. of unknowns.


Independent solution = n r =32 = 1
x + y + z = 1
x + 3y = 0
Let z=t

(ii)
(i)
tR

(i) y=3t
(ii) x = 1t+3t
8

Solved Problems

Matrices

System Of Equations

=1+2t

Solved Problems

tR

Q . For what value of and , equation have solution


x + y +z = 6
x +2y +3 z = 10
x + 2y +z =
(i) no solution
(ii) unique solution
(iii) Infinitely solution

[A:B]= [


| ]

,

~ [

| ]

~[

| ]

(i) If =3 , 10
9

Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems

Rank A = 2
Rank [A:B] = 3
No solution.
(ii) If 3 , for any value of
Rank A = 3 = rank [A:B]
= no. of solution
System has unique solution .
(iii) If 3 and =10
Rank A= 2= rank [A:B] < no. of solution.
system has infinite solution.

Q . Show that system of equation


3x + 4y +5z = a
4x +5y +6 z = b
5x + 6y +7z =c
Show that equation are consistent if a,b,c are in A.P

[


| ]


10

Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems


~[

| ]

+ , +

~[

| ]

+
Rank A =2
System has solution if rank[A:B] =2
i.e if a+c-2b=0
+

i.e if b=

i.e if a ,b ,c are in A.P


consider Homogenous system.
AX=0
x=0 is always a solution .
Unique solution of AX=0 is X=0 itself

Q . For what value of , equation posses a non travial


solution determine solution in each case
2 x 2 y +z = x
11

Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems

2x 3y +2 z = y
x + 2y 0 = z
(2) x 2 y +z = x
2x+( 3y) +2 z = y
x + 2y z=0


] []=[]

System has a non trival solution if ||=0 ( ) ( +


)=0
=1 , 1 ,3
If =1


] X=0

, +


] X=0

Rank A =1 =r
# L.I solution = n r = 3 1=2
x2y+z=0
12

Matrices

System Of Equations

Let z = t
y= s

t,sR

x= t+2s
for =3

[

] X=0

+ ,

] X=0

] X=0

+ , +

[

]X=0

]X=0

13

Solved Problems

Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems

Rank 2 = r
# L.I solution = n r = 3 1=2

x+2y+3z=0
4y+8z=0
Let z=P
y=2P PR
x= 3P4P
x=P
Q . Show that system of equations
ax + by + cz =0
bx + cy + az = 0
cx + ay + bz = 0
has non trivial solution if either a+b+c =0 or a =b = c
a+by+c=0 or a = b = c

[

] X = 0

System has non-trivial solution

14

Matrices

System Of Equations

Solved Problems

|| = 0 + + =0
(a+b+c) ( + + abacbc)=0
a+b+c = 0 or + + abbcac=0
or + + 2ab2bc2ac=0
or [( + ) + ( + ) +(
+ ]=0
( ) +( ) +( ) = 0
i.e = = =
i.e a = b= c = 0
If a+b+c+ = 0
+ +
++ ++
~[

++
] X =0

bx+cy+az=0
Cx+ay+bz=0


|
|

=
|

=t z R

x=( )t
y=( )t
15

Matrices

System Of Equations

z=(ab )t
If a=b=c


] X =0

r= 1

Indepent solution = nr=31=2


a ( x + y + z) = 0 x + y + z = 0
Let z=t , y=s
x = ts

t, sR

16

Solved Problems

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