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Chem - Chapter 11 Study Guide

This document provides a summary of key concepts from a study guide on chemical reactions. It discusses how to write word, skeleton, and balanced chemical equations. It describes the five main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single-displacement, and double-displacement. It explains how to predict products based on reaction type. It also covers net ionic equations and predicting precipitation in double-displacement reactions using solubility rules.

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Georgia
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421 views

Chem - Chapter 11 Study Guide

This document provides a summary of key concepts from a study guide on chemical reactions. It discusses how to write word, skeleton, and balanced chemical equations. It describes the five main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single-displacement, and double-displacement. It explains how to predict products based on reaction type. It also covers net ionic equations and predicting precipitation in double-displacement reactions using solubility rules.

Uploaded by

Georgia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Study Guide: Chapter 11Chemical Reactions

Key Concepts
11.1Describing Chemical Reactions
*How do you write a word equation?
To write a word equation, write the names of the reactants t the left of the
arrow separated by a plus sign; write the names of the products to the right
of the arrow, also separated by plus signs.

*How doe you write a skeleton equation?


To write a skeleton equation, write the formulas for the reactant to the left
of the yields sign and the formula for the products to the right.

*What are the steps in writing a balanced chemical equation?


After writing the skeleton equation, use coefficients to balance the equation
so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.

11.2Types of Chemical Reactions


*What are the five general types of reactions?
The five general types of reactions are synthesis (combination), decomposition,
combustion, single-displacement, and double-displacement.

*How can you predict the products of the five general types of reactions?
The number of elements and/or compounds reacting is a good indicator of
possible reaction types and thus possible products.
Synthesis: always a single product
Decomposition: breakdown of a single compound into two or more
simpler substances.
Combustion: always involves oxygen as a reactant
Single-displacement: both the reactants and products are an element
and a compound
Double-displacement: generally takes place between two ionic
compounds in aqueous solution.

11.3Reaction in Aqueous Solution


*What does a net ionic equation show?
A net ionic equation shows only those particles involved in the reaction and is
balanced with respect to mass and charge.

*How can you predict the formation of a precipitate in a double-replacement


reaction?
You can predict the formation of a precipitate by using the general rules for
solubility of ionic compounds.

Vocabulary
chemical equation (11.1)
skeleton equation (11.1)
catalyst (11.1)
coefficients (11.1)
balanced equation (11.1)
synthesis (combination)
reaction (11.2)
o decomposition reaction (11.2)
o
o
o
o
o
o

o single-replacement reaction
(11.2)
o activity series (11.2)
o double-displacement reaction
(11.2)
o combustion reaction (11.2)
o complete ionic equation (11.3)
o spectator ion (11.3)
o net ionic equation (11.3)

Sample Review Questions

11.1
1. Write a skeleton equation for these reactions.
a. Heating copper (II) sulfide in the presence of diatomic oxygen
produces pure copper and sulfur dioxide gas.
CuS+ O2 Cu + SO2
b. When heated, baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) decomposes
to form the products sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water.
NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
2. Write and balance equations for the following reactions.
a. Iron metal and chlorine gas react to form solid iron (III) chloride.
2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2FeCl3(s)
b. Solid aluminum carbonate decomposes to form solid aluminum oxide
and carbon dioxide gas.
Al2(CO3)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3CO2(g)
c. Solid magnesium reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to form solid
silver and aqueous magnesium nitrate.
Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
3. Balance the following equations.
a. 2SO2 + O2 -> 2SO3
b. Fe2O3 + 3H2 -> 2Fe + 3H2O
c. 4P + 5O2 -> P4O10
d. 2Al + N2 -> 2AlN

11.2
4. Classify each reaction and balance the equations.
a. C3H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
combustion
b. Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + H2O
decomposition
c. Li + O2 Li2O
combination or synthesis
d. Zn + AgNO3 Ag + Zn(NO3)2
single-replacement
5. Which of the five general types of reaction would most likely occur, given
each set of reactants? What are the probably products?
a. an aqueous solution of two ionic compounds
double-replacement
b. a single compound
decomposition
c. two elements
combination or synthesis
d. oxygen and a compound of carbon and hydrogen
combustion
6. Complete
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

and balance an equation for each reaction.


CaI2 + Hg(NO3)2 (HgI2 precipitates.)
2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
2Ag + 2HCl H2 + 2AgCl
2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O
MgCl2 Mg + Cl2

7. What are the three types of products that result from doublereplacement reactions?
A precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound like water.

11.3
8. Write a balanced net ionic equation for each reaction.
a. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) -> PbSO4(s) + HNO3(aq)
2+
Pb (aq) + SO42-(aq) PbSO4(s)
b. Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + HCl(aq) -> PbCl2(s) + HC2H3O2(aq)
Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) PbCl2(s)
c. Na3PO4(aq) + FeCl3(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + FePO4(s)
3+(
Fe aq) + PO43-(aq) FePO4(s)
d. (NH4)2S(aq) + Co(NO3)2(aq) -> CoS(s) + NH4NO3(aq)
2+
Co (aq) + S2-(aq) CoS(s)

9. Write a balanced net ionic equation for each reaction. Identify the
spectator ions in each reaction.
a. HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) HNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
net ionic equation: Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)
spectator ions: H+, NO3b. Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + LiCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + LiC2H3O2(aq)
net ionic equation: Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) PbCl2(s)
spectator ions: C2H3O2-, Li+
c. Na3PO4(aq) + CrCl3(aq) NaCl(aq) + CrPO4(s)
net ionic equation: Cr3+(aq) + PO43-(aq) CrPO4(s)
spectator ions: Na+, Cl10. Identify
are mixed.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

the precipitated formed when solutions of these ionic compounds


H2SO4 + BaCl HCl(aq) + Ba2SO4(s)
Al2(SO4)3 + NH4OH Al(OH)3(s) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)
AgNO3 + H2S HNO3(aq) + Ag2S(s)
CaCl2 + Pb(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2(aq) + PbCl2(aq)
Ca(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3(s) + NaNO3(aq)

11. Will a precipitated form when the following aqueous solutions of ionic
compounds are mixed?
a. AgNO3 and Na2SO4 yes; Ag2SO4(s)
b. NH4Cl and Ba(NO3)2 no
c. CaCl2 and K2SO4
yes; CaSO4(s)
d. Pb(NO3)2 and HCl yes; PbCl2(s)

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