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Formulas Ed

This document provides formulas and rules for trigonometry, hyperbolic functions, differentiation, integration, and areas/volumes. It includes trigonometric identities, definitions of hyperbolic functions, tables of derivatives and integrals of common functions, integration by parts, and formulas for areas and volumes of revolution. The results may be quoted without proof unless proofs are specifically requested.

Uploaded by

Carlos Loler Navarro
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
171 views

Formulas Ed

This document provides formulas and rules for trigonometry, hyperbolic functions, differentiation, integration, and areas/volumes. It includes trigonometric identities, definitions of hyperbolic functions, tables of derivatives and integrals of common functions, integration by parts, and formulas for areas and volumes of revolution. The results may be quoted without proof unless proofs are specifically requested.

Uploaded by

Carlos Loler Navarro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMA144-150-157 Formula Sheet

These results may be quoted without proof unless proofs are asked for in the questions.

Trigonometry

Hyperbolic Functions

sin2 x + cos2 x = 1

sinh x = 21 (ex ex )

1 + tan2 x = sec2 x

cosh x = 21 (ex + ex )

1 + cot2 x = cosec2 x

tanh x =

sinh x
cosh x
cosh x
coth x =
sinh x
1
sechx =
cosh x

2 sin2 x = 1 cos 2x
2 cos2 x = 1 + cos 2x
2 sin x cos x = sin 2x
cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

cosh2 x sinh2 x = 1

sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

2 cosh2 x = 1 + cosh 2x

tan(x y) =

tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y

2 sinh2 x = cosh 2x 1
2 sinh x cosh x = sinh 2x

a cos x + b sin x = R cos (x )

where R = a2 + b2 ,
cos =

a
R

and

sin =

sech2 x = 1 tanh2 x

sinh1 x = ln(x + x2 + 1) , all x

cosh1 x = ln(x + x2 1) , x 1

1+x
1
1
tanh x = ln
, |x| < 1
2
1x

b
R

2 cos x cos y = cos(x + y) + cos(x y)


2 sin x sin y = cos(x y) cos(x + y)
2 sin x cos y = sin(x + y) + sin(x y)
1 tan2 (x/2)
cos x =
1 + tan2 (x/2)
sin x =

2 tan(x/2)
1 + tan2 (x/2)

tan x =

2 tan(x/2)
1 tan2 (x/2)

Differentiation
Function

Derivative

Function

Derivative

sin x

cos x

cos x

sin x

tan x

sec2 x

cot x

cosec2 x

sin1 x

cos1 x

tan1 x
sinh x
tanh x
sinh1 x
tanh1 x
coth1 x

1
, |x| < 1
1 x2
1
1 + x2

cot1 x

cosh x
1
cosh2 x
1

2
x +1
1
, |x| < 1
1 x2
1
, |x| > 1
1 x2

cosh x

sinh x

coth x

cosh1 x

1
, |x| < 1
1 x2
1

1 + x2
1
sinh2 x
1

, |x| > 1
2
x 1

Integration
In the following table the constants of integration have been omitted.
R
R
R
R
R
R
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z

xn+1
x dx =
n+1
n

e dx = e

Z
(n 6= 1)
R

sin x dx = cos x

sec2 x dx = tan x

sinh x dx = cosh x

sech2 x dx = tanh x
dx
x

= sin1
a
a2 x2

Z
(|x| < a)

dx
= ln |x|
x
ax
a dx =
ln a
x

(a > 0, a 6= 1)

cos x dx = sin x
cosec2 x dx = cot x
cosh x dx = sinh x
cosech2 x dx = coth x
dx
1
1 x
=
tan
a2 + x2
a
a

Z
dx
dx
x
1 x

= sinh
= cosh1
a
a
x2 a2
x2 + a2

a + x
dx
1
(= tanh1 x if |x| < a)

=
ln
2
2
a x
2a
a x
a
x
or ln (cosecx cot x)
cosecx dx = ln tan
2
x
sec x dx = ln tan
+
or ln (sec x + tan x)
2 4
x
cosechx dx = ln tanh
2

(|x| > a)

Integration by parts
Z
Z
0
f (x) g (x) dx = f (x) g(x) f 0 (x) g(x) dx

Newton-Leibnitz formula
Z b
b

0
If F (x) = f (x), then
f (x) dx = F (b) F (a) = F (x)

Variable substitution in definite integral


If x = (t) is a monotonic function in the interval [, ] and a = (), b = (), then
Z b
Z
f (x) dx =
f ((t)) 0 (t) dt
a

Variable substitution for a rational function of sin x and cos x


Let t = tan

x
2

then sin x =

2t
,
1+t2

cos x =

1t2
1+t2

and

dx
dt

2
.
1+t2

Area of planar figure


The area of a planar figure bounded by the graph of a continuous positive function f (x),
the x-axis, and the ordinates x = a and x = b is
Z b
S=
f (x) dx
a

Volume of solid of revolution


The volume of a solid of revolution, obtained by rotation of a planar figure bounded by
the graph of a continuous positive function f (x), the x-axis, and the ordinates x = a and
x = b through a complete revolution around the x-axis, is
Z b
V =
f 2 (x) dx
a

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