Chapter 5 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions

5.2

Let the symbols Q and Work represent rates in kJ/s. Then by Eq. (5.8)
=

TC
Work
= 1
QH
TH

TC := 323.15 K

TH := 798.15 K

TC

TH

Work := QH 1

Work = 148.78
or

QH := 250
kJ
s

Work = 148.78 kW which is the power. Ans.

QC := QH Work

By Eq. (5.1),

kJ
s

QC = 101.22

kJ
s

Ans.

5.3 (a) Let symbols Q and Work represent rates in kJ/s

TH := 750 K

TC := 300 K

By Eq. (5.8):

:= 1

But

Work

QH

Work := 95000 kW

TC

= 0.6

TH

Whence

QH :=

Work

5
QH = 1.583 10 kW Ans.

QC := QH Work

4
QC = 6.333 10 kW Ans.

Work

5
QH = 2.714 10 kW Ans.

(b) := 0.35

QH :=

QC := QH Work

5.4 (a) TC := 303.15 K

Carnot := 1

TC
TH

5
QC = 1.764 10 kW Ans.

TH := 623.15 K
:= 0.55 Carnot
123

= 0.282

Ans.

(b)

5.7

:= 0.35

Carnot :=

By Eq. (5.8),

TH :=

0.55

Carnot = 0.636

TC

TH = 833.66 K Ans.

1 Carnot

Let the symbols represent rates where appropriate. Calculate mass rate of
LNG evaporation:
3

V := 9000

m
s

molwt := 17

P := 1.0133 bar

gm
mol

mLNG :=

T := 298.15 K

P V
molwt
R T

mLNG = 6254

kg
s

Maximum power is generated by a Carnot engine, for which

QH QC
QH
TH
Work
=
=
1=
1
QC
QC
QC
TC
TH := 303.15 K
QC := 512

TC := 113.7 K

kJ
mLNG
kg

TH

Work := QC

TC

QC = 3.202 10 kW

Ans.

QH := QC + Work

5.8

Work = 5.336 10 kW
QH = 8.538 10 kW

Ans.

kJ
kg K
kJ
Q = 418.4
kg

Take the heat capacity of water to be constant at the valueCP := 4.184

(a) T1 := 273.15 K

T2 := 373.15 K

T2

SH2O := CP ln

T1

Sres :=

Q
T2

Q := CP ( T2 T1)

SH2O = 1.305

kJ
kg K

Sres = 1.121

kJ
kg K

124

Ans.

Stotal := SH2O + Sres

Stotal = 0.184

kJ
kg K

Ans.

(b) The entropy change of the water is the same as in (a), and the total
heat transfer is the same, but divided into two halves.
Sres :=

Q
1
1

+
2 323.15 K 373.15 K

Stotal := Sres + SH2O

Sres = 1.208

Stotal = 0.097

kJ
kg K

kJ
kg K

Ans.

(c) The reversible heating of the water requires an infinite number of heat
reservoirs covering the range of temperatures from 273.15 to 373.15 K,
each one exchanging an infinitesimal quantity of heat with the water and
raising its temperature by a differential increment.

5.9

P1 := 1 bar
n :=

P 1 V
R T1

(a) Const.-V heating;

T2 := T1 +

Q
n CV

P2
P1

V := 0.06 m

n = 1.443 mol

CV :=

T1

Q := 15000 J

U = Q + W = Q = n CV ( T2 T1)
3

T2

T1

S = n CP ln
T2

5
R
2

T2 = 1 10 K

By Eq. (5.18),

But

T1 := 500 K

Whence

P2

R ln

P1

T2

S := n CV ln

T1

S = 20.794

(b) The entropy change of the gas is the same as in (a). The entropy
change of the surroundings is zero. Whence
Stotal = 10.794

J
K

Ans.

The stirring process is irreversible.

125

J
K

Ans.

5.10 (a) The temperature drop of the second stream (B) in either
7
case is the same as the temperature rise of the first stream CP := R
2
(A), i.e., 120 degC. The exit temperature of the second
stream is therefore 200 degC. In both cases we therefore
have:
463.15
343.15

SB := CP ln

473.15
593.15

J
mol K

SB = 6.577

SA := CP ln
SA = 8.726

J
mol K

Ans.

(b) For both cases:

Stotal := SA + SB

Stotal = 2.149

J
mol K

Ans.

(c) In this case the final temperature of steam B is 80 degC, i.e., there is
a 10-degC driving force for heat transfer throughout the exchanger.
Now
463.15
343.15

SB := CP ln

353.15
473.15

J
mol K

SB = 8.512

SA := CP ln
SA = 8.726

Stotal := SA + SB

5.16 By Eq. (5.8),

Since dQ/T = dS,

J
mol K

Stotal = 0.214

T
dW
= 1
dQ
T

Ans.

J
mol K

dW = dQ T

Ans.

dQ
T

dW = dQ T dS

Integration gives the required result.

T1 := 600 K

T2 := 400 K

Q := CP ( T2 T1)

Q = 5.82 10

T := 300 K
3 J

126

mol

 T2

J
mol K

S := CP ln

S = 11.799

Work := Q T S

Work = 2280

Q := Q Work

Q = 3540

T1

Sreservoir :=

S + Sreservoir = 0

J
mol K

Ans.

J
mol

Sreservoir = 11.8

5.17 TH1 := 600 K

J
mol

Ans.
J
mol K

Ans.

Process is reversible.

TC1 := 300 K

TH2 := 300 K

For the Carnot engine, use Eq. (5.8):

TC2 := 250 K

TH1 TC1
W
=
TH1
QH1

The Carnot refrigerator is a reverse Carnot engine. W

TH2 TC2
=
Combine Eqs. (5.8) & (5.7) to get:
TC2
QC2
Equate the two work quantities and solve for the required ratio of the heat
quantities:
TC2 TH1 TC1
Ans.
r :=

r = 2.5
TH1 TH2 TC2

5.18 (a) T1 := 300K

P1 := 1.2bar

T2 := 450K

H := Cp ( T2 T1)

T2

S := Cp ln

T1

(b)

H = 4.365 10

P2

R ln

H = 5.82 10

P2 := 6bar

S = 1.582

P1

3 J

mol

S = 1.484

127

3 J

mol

J
mol K

J
mol K

Ans.

Ans.

Cp :=

7
R
2

3 J

(c)

H = 3.118 10

(d)

H = 3.741 10

(e)

H = 6.651 10

mol
3 J

mol
3 J

mol

S = 4.953

J
mol K

S = 2.618

J
mol K

S = 3.607

J
mol K

5.19 This cycle is the same as is shown in Fig. 8.10 on p. 305. The equivalent states
are A=3, B=4, C=1, and D=2. The efficiency is given by Eq. (A) on p. 305.
Temperature T4 is not given and must be calaculated. The following equations
are used to derive and expression for T4.
For adiabatic steps 1 to 2 and 3 to 4:
1

T1 V1

= T2 V2

T3 V3

For constant-volume step 4 to 1:

= T4 V4

V1 = V4
P2

For isobaric step 2 to 3:

T2

P3
T3

T2
Solving these 4 equations for T4 yields: T4 = T1
T3
Cp :=

7
R
2

Cv :=

T1 := ( 200 + 273.15)K

T2
T4 := T1
T3
Eq. (A) p. 306

5
R
2

:=

Cp

= 1.4

Cv

T2 := ( 1000 + 273.15)K

T3 := ( 1700 + 273.15)K

T4 = 873.759 K
:= 1

1 T4 T1

T3 T2

128

= 0.591

Ans.

5.21 CV := CP R
:=

P1 := 2 bar

CP

P2 := 7 bar

T1 := 298.15 K

= 1.4

CV

With the reversible work given by Eq. (3.34), we get for the actual W:
1

R T1 P2

Work := 1.35

1
1 P1

3 J

Work = 3.6 10

But Q = 0, and W = U = CV ( T2 T1)

Whence

mol

T2 := T1 +

Work
CV

T2 = 471.374 K

T2

S := CP ln

T1

5.25 P := 4

P2

R ln

S = 2.914

P1

J
mol K

Ans.

T := 800

Step 1-2: Volume decreases at constant P.

Heat flows out of the system. Work is done on the system.
W12 = P ( V2 V1) = R ( T2 T1)
Step 2-3: Isothermal compression. Work is done on the system. Heat flows
out of the system.

P3

W23 = R T2 ln

P2

P3

= R T2 ln

P1

Step 3-1: Expansion process that produces work. Heat flows into the
system. Since the PT product is constant,
dP
= dT
P

P dT + T dP = 0

P V = R T

P dV + V dP = R dT

P dV = R dT V dP = R dT R T

dP
P

129

(A)

In combination with (A) this becomes

P dV = R dT + R dT = 2 R dT
P3 = P1

Moreover,

T1
T3

T1

= P 1

T2

1
W31 = P dV = 2 R ( T1 T3) = 2 R ( T1 T2)
V
3

Q31 = U31 W31 = CV ( T1 T3) + 2 R ( T1 T3)

Q31 = ( CV + 2 R) ( T1 T3) = ( CP + R) ( T1 T2)
=
CP :=

Wnet
Qin

W12 + W23 + W31

Q31

7
R
2

T1 := 700 K

T2 := 350 K

P1 := 1.5 bar

P3 := P1

W12 := R ( T2 T1)

P3

T1
T2
3 J

W12 = 2.91 10

mol
3 J

W23 := R T2 ln

W23 = 2.017 10

W31 := 2 R ( T1 T2)

W31 = 5.82 10

Q31 := ( CP + R) ( T1 T2)

Q31 = 1.309 10

P1

:=

W12 + W23 + W31

Q31

mol
3 J

mol

4 J

= 0.068

130

mol

Ans.

5.26 T := 403.15 K

P1 := 2.5 bar

P2 := 6.5 bar

By Eq. (5.18),

S := R ln

P2
P1

S = 7.944

Tres := 298.15 K
J
mol K

Ans.

With the reversible work given by Eq. (3.27), we get for the actual W:

P2

Work := 1.3 R T ln

P1

Q := Work

(Isothermal compresion) Work = 4.163 103

J
mol

Q here is with respect to the system.

So for the heat reservoir, we have

Q
Tres

Sres = 13.96

J
mol K

Ans.

Stotal := S + Sres

Stotal = 6.02

J
mol K

Ans.

Sres :=

5.27 (a) By Eq. (5.14) with P = const. and Eq. (5.15), we get for the entropy change
of 10 moles
n := 10 mol

S := n R ICPS 473.15K , 1373.15K , 5.699 , 0.640 10

S = 536.1

J
K

, 0.0 , 1.015 10

Ans.

(b) By Eq. (5.14) with P = const. and Eq. (5.15), we get for the entropy
change of 12 moles
n := 12 mol

S := n R ICPS 523.15K , 1473.15K , 1.213 , 28.785 10

S = 2018.7

J
K

Ans.

131

, 8.824 10

, 0.0

5.28 (a) The final temperature for this process was found in Pb. 4.2a to be 1374.5 K.
The entropy change for 10 moles is then found as follows
n := 10 mol

S := n R ICPS 473.15K , 1374.5K , 1.424 , 14.394 10

S = 900.86

J
K

, 4.392 10

, 0.0

Ans.

(b) The final temperature for this process was found in Pb. 4.2b to be 1413.8 K.
The entropy change for 15 moles is then found as follows:
n := 15 mol

S := n R ICPS 533.15K , 1413.8K , 1.967 , 31.630 10

S = 2657.5

J
K

, 9.873 10

, 0.0

Ans.

(c) The final temperature for this process was found in Pb. 4.2c to be 1202.9 K.
The entropy change for 18.14 kg moles is then found as follows
n := 18140 mol

S := n R ICPS 533.15K , 1202.9K , 1.424 , 14.394 10

S = 1.2436 10

6 J

, 4.392 10

, 0.0

Ans.

5.29 The relative amounts of the two streams are determined by an energy
balance. Since Q = W = 0, the enthalpy changes of the two streams must
cancel. Take a basis of 1 mole of air entering, and let x = moles of chilled air.
Then 1 - x = the moles of warm air.
T0 := 298.15 K

Temperature of entering air

T1 := 248.15 K

Temperature of chilled air

T2 := 348.15 K

Temperature of warm air

x CP ( T1 T0) + ( 1 x) CP ( T2 T0) = 0
x := 0.3

(guess)
132

x
T2 T0
=
1x
T1 T0

Given

x := Find ( x)

x = 0.5

Thus x = 0.5, and the process produces equal amounts of chilled and warmed
air. The only remaining question is whether the process violates the second
law. On the basis of 1 mole of entering air, the total entropy change is as
follows.
CP :=

7
R
2

P0 := 5 bar

T1

Stotal := x CP ln

T0

Stotal = 12.97

P := 1 bar

T2

+ ( 1 x) CP ln

T0

J
mol K

P
P0

R ln

Ans.

Since this is positive, there is no violation of the second law.

5.30

T1 := 523.15 K

T2 := 353.15 K

Tres := 303.15 K

Work := 1800

CV := CP R

Q = U Work

Sres :=

Q
Tres

T2

S := CP ln

T1

Sres = 5.718

P1 := 3 bar
J
mol

P2

Stotal := S + Sres

7
R
2

Q := CV ( T2 T1) Work

J
mol K

R ln

CP :=

3 J

Q = 1.733 10

S = 2.301

P1
Stotal = 3.42

133

P2 := 1 bar

mol

J
mol K

J
PROCESS IS POSSIBLE.
mol K

5.33 For the process of cooling the brine:

CP := 3.5

kJ
kg K

T := 40 K

mdot := 20

T1 := ( 273.15 + 25) K

T1 = 298.15 K

T2 := ( 273.15 15) K

T2 = 258.15 K

T := ( 273.15 + 30) K

T = 303.15 K

H := CP T

H = 140

T2

S := CP ln

T1

kg
sec

t := 0.27

kJ
kg

S = 0.504

kJ
kg K

Eq. (5.26):

Wdotideal := mdot H T S Wdotideal = 256.938 kW

By Eq. (5.28):

Wdot :=

5.34 E := 110 volt

Wdotideal

Wdot = 951.6 kW

t
i := 9.7 amp

Wdotmech := 1.25 hp

Wdotelect := i E

T := 300 K
3

Wdotelect = 1.067 10 W

At steady state: Qdot + Wdotelect + Wdotmech = d Ut = 0

dt
Qdot
d t
+ SdotG = S = 0
T
dt
Qdot := Wdotelect Wdotmech
SdotG :=

Qdot = 134.875 W

Qdot
T

SdotG = 0.45

134

Ans.

W
K

Ans.

5.35 := 25 ohm

i := 10 amp
2

T := 300 K
3

Wdotelect := i

Wdotelect = 2.5 10 W
Qdot + Wdotelect =

At steady state:

d t
U = 0
dt

Qdot := Wdotelect

Qdot
d t
+ SdotG = S = 0
T
dt
3

Qdot = 2.5 10 watt

5.38 mdot := 10
Cp :=

kmol
hr

watt
K

SdotG = 8.333

T1 := ( 25 + 273.15)K

7
R
2

Cv := Cp R

Qdot
T

Ans.

P1 := 10bar

:=

(a) Assuming an isenthalpic process:

SdotG :=

Cp

P2 := 1.2bar
=

Cv

T2 := T1

7
5

T2 = 298.15 K

Ans.

2
Cp 1
S
P2
(b)
=
dT ln

R
R T
P1
T

Eq. (5.14)

S :=

7
T2
P2
R ln
R ln
2
T1
P1

S = 17.628

(c) SdotG := mdot S

SdotG = 48.966

(d) T := ( 20 + 273.15)K

Wlost := T S

5.39 (a) T1 := 500K

T := 300K

W
K

P1 := 6bar

T2 := 371K

Basis: 1 mol

n := 1mol

H := n Cp ( T2 T1)

Ws := H
135

J
mol K

Ans.

Ans.
3 J

Wlost = 5.168 10

P2 := 1.2bar

Ws = 3753.8 J

mol
Cp :=

Ans.
7
R
2

Ans.

T2

T1

S := n Cp ln

P1

Wideal := H T S

Eq. (5.30)

Wlost := Wideal Ws

Eq. (5.39)

SG :=

Wlost
T
Wlost

(a) 3753.8J

5163J

1409.3J

(b) 2460.9J

2953.9J

493J

3063.7J

4193.7J

1130J

(d) 3853.5J

4952.4J

1098.8J

3055.4J

4119.2J

1063.8J

(e)

P1 := 2500kPa

P2 := 150kPa

P2

Ans.

Wlost = 1409.3 J

Ans.

J
K
J
1.643
K
J
3.767
K
J
K
J
3.546
K
3.663

T := 300K

SdotG = 0.468

Wdotlost := T SdotG

Wdotlost = 140.344 kW

actual :=

W
QH

mdot := 20

mol
sec

kJ
mol K

SdotG := mdot S

W := 0.45kJ

Ans.

4.698

S = 0.023

QH := 1kJ

J
K

SG

S := R ln

P1

J
K

Wideal = 5163 J

SG = 4.698

Wideal

(c)

5.42

S = 4.698

Eq. (5.27)

Ws

5.41

P2

R ln

kJ
sec K

Ans.
Ans.

TH := ( 250 + 273.15)K

TH = 523.15 K

TC := ( 25 + 273.15)K

TC = 298.15 K

actual = 0.45

136

 max := 1

TC

max = 0.43

TH

Since actual>max, the process is impossible.

5.43 QH := 150 kJ
TH := 550 K

5.44

QH

Q2 := 100 kJ

T1 := 350 K

T2 := 250 K

Q1

(a)

SG :=

(b)

Wlost := T SG

TH

Q1 := 50 kJ

T1

Q2
T2

Wdot := 750 MW

(a) max := 1
QdotH :=

SG = 0.27

TC
TH

Wdot
max

kJ
K

:= 0.6 max

Ans.

Wlost = 81.039 kJ

TC := ( 20 + 273.15) K

TH = 588.15 K

TC = 293.15 K

max = 0.502

Ans.

QdotC := QdotH Wdot

Wdot

QdotH :=

(minimum value)
9

QdotH = 2.492 10 W
3

QdotC := QdotH Wdot

QdotC = 1.742 10 MW
3

River temperature rise: Vdot := 165

Cp := 1

cal
gm K

Ans.

TH := ( 315 + 273.15) K

QdotC = 745.297 MW
(b)

T := 300 K

T :=

m
s

QdotC
Vdot Cp

137

:= 1

(actual value)
gm
3

cm

T = 2.522 K

Ans.

5.46 T1 := ( 20 + 273.15)K

T2 := ( 27 + 273.15) K

P1 := 5bar

T3 := ( 22 + 273.15)K

P2 := 1atm

First check the First Law using Eqn. (2.33) neglect changes in kinetic and
potential energy.

6
3
5
R ICPH T1 , T2 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 , 0 , 0.016 10 ...
7
1
3
5
+ ICPH T1 , T3 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 , 0 , 0.016 10 R
7
4 kJ
H is essentially zero so the first law is satisfied.
H = 8.797 10
mol
H :=

Calculate the rate of entropy generation using Eqn. (5.23)

SG :=

6
3
5
R ICPS T1 , T2 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 , 0 , 0.016 10 ...
7
1
P2
3
5
+ R ICPS T1 , T3 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 , 0 , 0.016 10 R ln
7
P1

SG = 0.013

kJ
mol K

5.47
3
ft
a) Vdot := 100000
hr
P := 1atm

Since SG 0, this process is possible.

T1 := ( 70 + 459.67)rankine T2 := ( 20 + 459.67)rankine
T := ( 70 + 459.67)rankine

Assume air is an Ideal Gas

ndot :=

P Vdot
R T1

ndot = 258.555

lbmol
hr

Calculate ideal work using Eqn. (5.26)

Wideal := ndot R ICPH T1 , T2 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 , 0 , 0.016 10 ...

+ T R ICPS T1 , T2 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 3 , 0 , 0.016 105

Wideal = 1.776 hp

138

))

b) Vdot := 3000

m
hr

T1 := ( 25 + 273.15)K

P := 1atm

T2 := ( 8 + 273.15)K

T := ( 25 + 273.15)K

Assume air is an Ideal Gas

ndot :=

P Vdot
R T1

ndot = 34.064

mol
s

Calculate ideal work using Eqn. (5.26)

Wideal := ndot R ICPH T1 , T2 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 , 0 , 0.016 10 ...

+ T R ICPS T1 , T2 , 3.355 , 0.575 10 3 , 0 , 0.016 105

))

Wideal = 1.952 kW
5.48 T1 := ( 2000 + 459.67)rankine
Cp ( T) := 3.83 + 0.000306

T2 := ( 300 + 459.67)rankine

T
R
rankine

Hv := 970

T := ( 70 + 459.67)rankine

BTU
lbm

M := 29

gm
mol

Tsteam := ( 212 + 459.67)rankine

a) First apply an energy balance on the boiler to get the ratio of steam flow
rate to gas flow rate.:
T

2
ndotgas Cp ( T) dT + mdotsteam Hv = 0
T
1

mdotndot :=

2
Cp ( T) dT
T
1

mdotndot = 15.043

Hv

lb
lbmol

Calculate the rate of entropy generation in the boiler. This is the sum of the
entropy generation of the steam and the gas.
SdotG = SdotGsteam + SdotGgas

139

Calculate entropy generation per lbmol of gas:

SdotG
ndotgas

mdotsteam

ndotgas

Ssteam + Sgas

Hv

Ssteam :=

Ssteam = 1.444

Tsteam

BTU
lb rankine

2 C p ( T)
Sgas :=
dT

T
T

Sgas = 9.969 10

SdotG := mdotndot Ssteam + Sgas

SdotG = 11.756

3 kg

BTU
mol lb rankine

BTU
lbmol rankine

Calculate lost work by Eq. (5.34)

Wlost := SdotG T

b) Hsteam := Hv

Wlost = 6227

Ssteam :=

Wideal := Hsteam T Ssteam

Hv
Tsteam

BTU
Ans.
lbmol

Ssteam = 1.444

BTU
lb rankine

Wideal = 205.071

BTU
lb

Calculate lbs of steam generated per lbmol of gas cooled.

T

mn :=

2
Cp ( T) dT
T
1

mn = 15.043

Hv

lb
lbmol

Use ratio to calculate ideal work of steam per lbmol of gas

3 BTU

Wideal mn = 3.085 10

lbmol

Ans.

2
c) Hgas := Cp ( T) dT
T
1

Wideal := Hgas T Sgas

3 BTU

Wideal = 9.312 10

140

lbmol

Ans.

5.49 T1 := ( 1100 + 273.15)K

T2 := ( 150 + 273.15)K

T
Cp ( T) := 3.83 + 0.000551
R
K

Hv := 2256.9

T := ( 25 + 273.15)K

Tsteam := ( 100 + 273.15)K

kJ
kg

M := 29

gm
mol

a) First apply an energy balance on the boiler to get the ratio of steam flow rate to
gas flow rate.:
T

2
ndotgas Cp ( T) dT + mdotsteam Hv = 0
T
1

2
Cp ( T) dT
T
1

mdotndot :=

mdotndot = 15.135

Hv

gm
mol

Calculate the rate of entropy generation in the boiler. This is the sum of the
entropy generation of the steam and the gas.
SdotG = SdotGsteam + SdotGgas
Calculate entropy generation per lbmol of gas:
SdotG
ndotgas

Ssteam :=

mdotsteam
ndotgas

Ssteam + Sgas

Hv

Ssteam = 6.048 10

Tsteam

J
kg K

2 C p ( T)
Sgas :=
dT

T
T

Sgas = 41.835

SdotG := mdotndot Ssteam + Sgas

SdotG = 49.708

J
mol K

J
mol K

Calculate lost work by Eq. (5.34)

Wlost := SdotG T

Wlost = 14.8

141

kJ
mol

Ans.

b) Hsteam := Hv

Ssteam :=

Wideal := Hsteam T Ssteam

Hv
Tsteam

Ssteam = 6.048 10

Wideal = 453.618

J
kg K

kJ
kg

Calculate lbs of steam generated per lbmol of gas cooled.

T

mn :=

2
Cp ( T) dT
T
1

Hv

gm
mol

mn = 15.135

Use ratio to calculate ideal work of steam per lbmol of gas

Wideal mn = 6.866

kJ
mol

Ans.

2
c) Hgas := Cp ( T) dT
T
1

Wideal := Hgas T Sgas

5.50 T1 := ( 830 + 273.15)K

Wideal = 21.686

kJ
mol

T2 := ( 35 + 273.15)K

Ans.

T := ( 25 + 273.15)K

a) Sethylene := R ICPS T1 , T2 , 1.424 , 14.394 10 3 , 4.392 10 6 , 0

Sethylene = 0.09

kJ
mol K

Qethylene := R ICPH T1 , T2 , 1.424 , 14.394 10

Qethylene = 60.563

, 4.392 10

,0

kJ
mol

Wlost := T Sethylene Qethylene

Wlost = 33.803

kJ
mol

Now place a heat engine between the ethylene and the surroundings. This
would constitute a reversible process, therefore, the total entropy generated
must be zero. calculate the heat released to the surroundings for Stotal = 0.
142

Sethylene

QC
T

= 0

Solving for QC gives:

QC := T Sethylene
QC = 26.76

kJ
mol

Now apply an energy balance around the heat engine to find the work
produced. Note that the heat gained by the heat engine is the heat lost by
the ethylene.
QH := Qethylene

WHE := QH + QC

WHE = 33.803

kJ
mol

The lost work is exactly equal to the work that could be produced by the heat
engine

143