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414 views24 pagesBS - 5480 - 2 - en - GRP Boru Standarti PDF
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 24
cl BS 5480: Part 2: 1982
0c (628.148 1628.241:621.649,2-006.5-057.52
Ez)
Specification for
Glass fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and
fittings for use for water supply or sewerage
Part 2. Design and performance requirements
Spécification pour les canalisations et raccords en matigre plastique renforcée de fibres
de verre destinés a l'adduction d'eau ou a lassainissement
Partie 2. Exigences de construction et fonctionnement
Spezifikation fir glasfaserverstarkte Kunststoff-Rohre und -Armaturen fiir
die Wasserversorgung oder Abwasser
Teil 2. Konstruktion und Leistungsforderungen
British Standards Institution BS 5480 : Part 2 : 1982
Contents
Page
Foreword 1
Cooperating organizations Back cover
tion one, General
1, Scope 2
2. References 2
3. Definitions 2
4, Pipe design limits 2
Section two, Type tests
5. General 3
6. Impact resistance 3
7. Long-term strain corrosion resistance 3
8. Long-term hoop tensile strength 3
9. Long-term semi-permanent set and ageing 3
10. Dimensions 3
Section three. Quality assurance tests
11, Test frequency 3
12, Dimensions 3
13. Leak tightness 4
14, Initial specific stiffness and resistance to
structural damage under ring deflection 4
15. Initial hoop tensile strength 4
16. Initial longitudinal tensile strength 4
17. Strain corrosion resistance 4
Section four, Fittings and joints
18. Fittings made from GRP 4
19. Joint performance 5
Section five, Workmanship, inspection
and certification
20, Workmanship 5
21. Inspection 5
22. Certification 5
Appendices
A. Guide to requirements and methods of test 6
B. Method for the determination of the
long-term semi-permanent set and ageing
of reinforced plastics pipe 6
©, Method for the determination of the
long-term hoop tensile strength 7
D. Method for the determination of the strain
corrosion resistance 8
E. Method for the determination of the
impact resistance a
F, Method for the determination of the internal
diameters of pipes 9
G. Method for the determination of the leak
tightness of pipes by hydrostatic pressure
testing
H. Method for the determination of the leak
tightness of fittings
J. Method for the determination of the initial
specific stiffness and resistance to structural
damage under ring deflection
K. Method for the determination of the initial
hoop tensile strength by means of a burst test
L. Method for the determination of the initial
hoop tensile strength by means of a split
ise test
IM, Method for the determination of the initial
hoop tensile strength by means of a tensile
plate test
N. Method for the determination of the initial
longitudinal tensile strength by means of
a tensile strip test
P, Method for the determination of the initial
longitudinal tensile strength by means of a
tensile plate test
Q. Method for the determination of the initial
longitudinal tensile strength by means of a
beam test
R, Optional construction and cure tests
Tables
1, Summary of sampling plans for inspection
level $3 and Ac/Re numbers
2. Loads for beam test
Figures
1, Diagrammatic representation of apparatus
for semi-permanent set and ageing
2. Typical graphs for semi-permanent set
and ageing
3. Diagrammatic representation of apparatus
for strain corrosion
Split ring test piece
Split dises
Plate test piece for the hoop tensile strength
test
7. Diagrammatic representation of application
of resin to tensile plate test pieces
8, Strip test piece for the longitudinal tensile
strength test
9. Plate test piece for the longitudinal tensile
strength test
10. Diagrammatic representation of apparatus
for the beam test
Compliance with » British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations,
Page
10
10
4"
12
13
13
4
4
16
16
uv
"7
”7
18
8
19
19
20 Foreword
‘This British Standard has been prepared under the direction
of the Plastics Standards Committee. Requirements are
specified for glass fibre reinforced plastics pipes and
fittings for use for water supply or sewerage and certain
industrial applications.
‘This Part of BS 5480 specifies requirements for design
limits, pertormance, workmanship, certification and
inspection and describes methods of test.
Part 1 of BS 5480 specifies dimensions, materials and
classification,
‘A British Standard for glass fibre reinforced plastics pipes
{and fittings for use in process plant systems is in course
of preparation,
In the preparation of this standard account has been
taken of the discussions on reinforced plastics pipes and
fittings in progress within Technical Committee TC 138,
BS 5480 : Part 2: 1982
Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the transport of
fluids, of the International Organization for Standardization
liso)’
Water authorities state that materials used for the
conveyance of potable water shall not impair the whole-
some nature of the water. They require the manufacturer
to give evidence that, within limits, the materials used
shall not support microbial growth, or affect the taste,
‘odour or turbidity of the water.
Attention is drawn to 7.4.1 of 8S 6480 : Part 1 : 1977
‘where requirements for compatibility with potable water
are specified. Work is currently being done by BSI
committee EPC/44 on the effect on potable water of
‘materials used in its distribution, A Draft for Development,
DD 82, on this subject will be published shortly. BS 5480 : Part 2 : 1982
British Standard Specification for
Glass fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and
fittings for use for water supply or sewerage
Part 2, Design and performance requirements
Section one, General
1. Scope
‘This Part of this British Standard specifies the requirements
for the design and testing of pipes and fittings made from
lass fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) either with or without,
2 thermoplastics liner for the construction of pressure and
rnon-pressure pipelines intended for conveying above or
below ground liquids including potable and non-potable
water, foul sewage and storm water. The pipeline may also
be used for those industrial wastes for which its suitability,
hhas been established by compliance with the requirements
of clause 7.
For the purposes of this standard compliance with
[BS 6480 : Part 1, which specifies dimensions, materials
and classification, is required
NOTE. A guide ta the clause reterences forthe requirements and
rmathods of test is given in appendix A.
2, References
‘The titles of the publications referred to in this standard
are listed on the inside back cover.
3. Definitions
For the purposes of this Part of BS 5480 the following
definitions apply.
3.1 ageing, Tho reduction of modulus of elasticity with
time of a pipe or fitting subjected to an applied force,
3.2 aggressive industrial waste, A fluid that may have
a detrimental effect on glass fibre reinforced plastics (GRP).
3.3 AL, The maximum percentage defective (or the
maximum number of defectives per hundred units) that,
for the purposes of sampling inspection, can be considered
satisfactory as a process average.
3.4 inspeetion level. A characteristic of a sampling plan
chosen in advance that determines the relationship
between the lot size and the sample size,
3.5 lay-up. An assembly of resin impregnated material
for processing.
3.6 lot, A collection of units of @ product for which @
sample is representative and inspected to determine
conformance with the acceptability criteria, and may
differ from a collection of units designated as a lot for
‘other purposes (e.g. production, shipment).
37 semi-permanent set. The deformation remaining after,
loading and unloading the test piece that slowly reduces
with time,
NOTE. In this standord the long-term effect is determined.
3.8 septic sewage. Sewage of an acidic nature, generally
associated with the evolution of hydragen sulphide,
siving conditions where sulphate-reducing bacteria,
proliferate
4, Pipe design limits
4.1. General. The design limits given in 4.2 to 4.4
incorporate a factor M that relates to the method of
‘manufacture and shall be as follows
‘M-= \ for repeatable machine controlled production
processes
‘M = 2 for all other manufacturing processes
NOTE 1. The design of pipes far water supply or sewerage is based
‘on the long-term strength of the pipe (normelly 50 years) which is
‘Setermined by extrapolation. GRP pipes and fittings fer process
plants are designed on the basis of inti! strength. A British
Standerd for GRP pines and fittings for process plents sin course
of preperation.
NOTE 2, Sito consideretions are not spaciied, but it should be
‘noted that GRP pipes are flexible and buried pipelines rely on soll
And bedding for thee top load-bearing eapscity It is therefore
tesential that buried pipelines are surrounded with a suitable
material that is adequately compected and that the virgin soil
has an adequate modulus of deformation,
NOTE 3. Particular attention is drawn tothe need to confirm the
regression curves for longterm properties for each resin and
method of manufacture used.
4.2 All pipes, The recommended maximum permissible
long-term ring deflection shall be declared by the
manufacturer.
The composite factor of safety to failure shall at no time
during the design service life of the pipeline fall below
1.3M. The semi-permanent set (a) and the ageing factor
(6), which tend to reduce the strength of the pipe with
time, shall be determined in accordance with appendix 8
and used in the pipe design calculation details to ensure
that the factor of safety is maintained during the design
service life of the pipe
‘The pipe design calculation details shall account for the
classification and physical properties of the resin and
{lass used in the manufacture of the pipes and shall be
supplied by the manufacturer if requested at the time
of placement of order.
4.3 All pressure pipes
4.3.1 Pipes reinforced with continuous glass fibre
reinforcement only shall be designed on the basis of
hoop tensile glass strength.
‘The design hoop glass tensile stress (0g) at the rated st
pressure shall not exceed the following: where
On is the long-term hoop glass tensile stress at @
design service life of m years determined in
accordance with appendix C,
4.3.2 Pipes reinforced with non-continuous glass fibre
reinforcement only shall be designed on the basis of
hoop wall tensile strength,
‘The design hoop wal tensile stress (0iy3) at the rated
pressure shall not exceed the following:
Tem
where
Gun is the long-term hoop wall tensile stress at @
design service life of a years determined in
accordance with appendix C,
4.3.3 Pipes reinforced with both continuous and
non-continuous glass fibre reinforcement shall be designed
‘on the basis of both hoop tensile glass strength and hoop
wall tensile strength
‘The design tensile strength shall be calculated from gn
and djyq in the same proportion as the types of
reinforcement.
4.3.4 Pipes designed to withstand end loads due to
internal pressure (LS pipes) shall have a composite factor
Of safety against the long-term longitudinal strength of
at least 1.6 M.
‘The lower of the two values for tensile strength reported
in C.7(¢) shall be used in the formulae in 4.3.1 and 4.3.2,
4.4 Pipes carrying septic sewage or aggrassive industrial
waste. The total design circumferential strain, ¢g, at the
‘manufacturer's maximum recommended ring deflect
{and at the working pressure of the pipeline shall not
exceed the following:
a
Tom
where
ny is the extrapolated circumferential failuré strain
at the design service life of years determined in
‘accordance with appendix D.
Section two. Type tests
5. General
Each type test shall be carried out on pipes or fittings
representative of each classification. The tests shall be
{epeated when alteration of the design basis or laminate
Structures is made.
NOTE. If required, the do
glass distribution, and hardness ean be determined as recommended
in appendix R to chock the construction of the pipe or fitting and
the cure of the rein,
6. Impact resistance
When tested in accordance with appendix E, the pipe shall
show no signs of weeping through the wall
7. Long-term strain corrosion resistance *
Pipes intended for use with septic sewage or aggressive
industrial waste, when tested in accordance with
appendix , shall conform to the design requirements
BS 5480 : Part 2 : 1982
that are related to the number of years of service (see 4.4)
In addition, the 95 % lower confidence limit of failure
strain at 100 000 hi shall not be less than 0.5 %.
8. Long-term hoop tensile strength
‘The long-term hoop tensile strength of reinforced plastics
pipes under internal hydrostatic pressure shall be
determined in accordance with appendix C.
NOTE 1, The intis! hoop tensile strength is related to the long-term
1009 tersle strength by the resresion line determined by the
method described in appendix C,
NOTE 2, The maximum working pressure ofa pipeline is related
1 the long-term hoop tensile strength by the equation given
era,
9. Long-term semi-permanent set and ageing
The long-term semi-permanent set (a) and ageing (8) of
reinforced plasties pipes by deflection shall be determined,
in accordance with appendix B.
10. Dimensions
10.1 General. The dimensions of GRP pipes and fittings
shall be in accordance with BS 5480 : Part 1. Minimum
wall thickness values shall be determined from the design
calculations.
10.2 Measurement of diameters of pipes. The inside
diameter of the pipe shall be measured in accordance
with appendix F.
The values obtained shall fall within the manufacturing
tolerances on the work size specified in 4,1.2 of
BS 6480 : Part 1 : 1977.
10.3 Wall thickness, When measured by a method with
an accuracy of measurement of 0.1 mm, the wall thickness
at at least 3 points along the length of the pipe or around
the circumference shall be not less than the figure declared
and used by the manufacturer resultant from the
calculations for the design of the pipe.
Section three, Quality assurance tests
11. Test frequency
Quality assurance tests shall be carried out to achieve an
AQL of 10% at an inspection level of $-3 as described in
BBS 6001 using the double sampling plan, except where
100% testing is specified in this standard.
‘This inspection level covers production lots up to and
including 160 units per size and classification and specifies
sampling requirements and acceptance/rejection levels
summarized in table 1
NOTE. For information regarding the operation ofthe switching
‘ules from normal to tightened inspection, norinal to reduced
inspection et, see BS 6001. :
inside diameter of the pipe shall be
124
within the manufacturing tolerances on the work size
specified in BS 6480 : Part 1
appendix F for ths type test or by using’ dameter ope”
thar rears th Outside amt pms te BS 5480 : Part 2 : 1982
Table 1, Summary of sampling plans for inspection level S-3 and Ac/Re numbers
Cerme|emoe [Nort mete Tiel women | Redon
en [ anaive] c] | Sonae [euatnne [Ac] A+] Sn [ Suman [ae
sm | Som sm | com =
= =
vros0 fern [aa ole ofl? |? |b
Second | 3 6 1/2/18 10 14}2\)2 0 la
_ | |
NOTE. Ac is the aceaptence number and Aa isthe rejection number.
12.2 Wall thickness, The wall thickness shall be in
accordance with 10.3.
13. Leak tightness
13.1 Non-pressure pipes, Non-pressure pipes, ie. those
rated zero bar, shall be tested in accordance with
appendix G to a pressure of 1.5 bar"
No water shall pass through the pipe wall and appear on
the outside surface,
NOTE. Pigs from a rejcted lot may be sccepted if they are
individually ested.
13,2 Pressure pipes, Pressure pipes shall be tested in
accordance with appendix G to a pressure of 1.6 times
the rated pressure.
‘The test shall be carried out on all pressure pipes,
No water shall pass through the pipe wall and appear on.
the outside surface.
13,3 Fittings made from GRP. Fittings shall be tested at
100 mbar in accordance with appendix H to check that
the fitting does not leak.
The test shall be carried out on all fittings.
There shall be no leakage of air evidenced by bubbling
when the outer surface is painted with a 10% solution
of a wetting agent in water.
14. Initial specific stiffness and resistance to
structural damage under ring deflection
‘The mean initial specific stiffness of the pipe shall be in
accordance with 7.3 of BS 6480 : Part 1 : 1977 when
tested in accordance with appendix J.
There shall be no evidence of structural damage of the
test piece after the test
15, Initial hoop tensile strength
‘The mean value of the initial hoop tensile strength of the
pipe shall be in accordance with the value declared by
the manufacturer in his literature and at the time of,
confirmation of the order when tested in accordance
with one of the three methods described in appendix K,
Lor Mand the method used shall be stated by the
‘manufacturer at the time of confirmation of order.
Pipes intended to withstand the end load resulting from
internal pressure shall be tested in accordance with,
appendix K.
NOTE. The method given in appendix L using a split dsc isnot
suitable for pipes where the hoop reinforcement is t an angle
{greater then 10° from the circumferential direction,
"bar = 108 wim?
00 KPa
16. Initial longitudinal tensile strength
‘The mean longitudinal tensile force per unit of
circumference shall be in accordance with clause 8 of
BS 5480 : Part 1 : 1977 or, in the case of pipe classified
2s LS, in accordance with the value declared by the
‘manufacturer when tested in accordance with one of the
‘methods described in appendix N, P or Q and the method
Used should be stated by the manufacturer at the time
of confirmation of order. When tested in accordance
with appendix Q, there shall be no rupture of the pipe,
abrupt loss of oad or increase in deflection.
NOTE. The method given in appendix Q using a beam test is only
‘plicable to pipes up to 600 mm nominal diameter
17. Strain corrosion resistance
Pipes intended for use with septic sewage or aggressive
industrial wastes shall be tested in accordance with
appendix D using one test piece for each strain level at
the 10, 100 and 1000 h 95 % confidence limit determined
from the type test (see clause 7).
No fluid shall pass through the pipe wall and there shall be
1 visible surface erack.
Section four. Fittings and joints
18. Fittings made from GRP
18.1 General. All fittings made from glass fibre reinforced
plastics such as bends, tees, junctions and reducers shall
‘be equal to or superior in performance to pipe of the same
classification (see 5.1 of BS 5480 : Part 1 : 1977)
NOTE. Its usual to design fitings for buried applications as rigit
structure to be surrounded in an intitu conerete snchor block
tuitably designed to reset the resultont forces and the bending
_Rroszes on the Fitting,
18.2 Fittings made from straight pipe. Fittings made from
straight pipe shall conform to the declared design
requirements and shall be suitably mitred, The mitre shall
be overwrapped externally and if practicable, internally
with woven roving and chopped strand mat to restore
the longitudinal and hoop tensile performance to be at
least equal to that of the pipe of the same classification.
18,3 Fittings made by moulding. Fittings made by
moulding shall be made by hand lay-up, contact moulding,
hot or cold press moulding or tape winding. 19, Joint performance
Joints may be rigid or flexible (mechanical) and shall be
in accordance with clause 6 of BS 5480 : Part 1: 1977.
{In the case of flexible (mechanical) joints, the material of
the sealing rings shall be in accordance with BS 2494,
Section five. Workmanship, inspection
and certification
20, Workmanship
20.1. The manufacturer shall ensure consistency in both
‘materials and fabrication, and shall provide adequate
supervision at all stages of manufacture,
Manufacture shall be under environmental conditions
compatible with producing satisfactory pipes and fitings,
and raw matorals shall be stored and used in compliance
with the recommendations oftheir manufactures.
20.2. Where pipes are being fabricated by repeatable
‘machine-controlled processes, sufficient control shall be
maintained of the mechanisms for metering and mixing
resins, catalysts and accelerators, and emolacing the
mixed resin together with reinforcement and fillers in the
pipe wall, to ensure that the construction of the pipe
complies with the quality assurance requirements specified
in section three of this standard. In the event of
malfunction, the suspect pipes or fittings shall be
identified and set aside.
20.3. Where pipes are being fabricated by other methods,
the requisite amounts of resin, catalyst or hardener and
accelerator shall be measured out and thoroughly mixed
in batches small enough to ensure utilization within the
Pot life at the workshop temperature, The number and
types of reinforcement layers applied shal be recorded.
The layers shal be consolidated with due care to avoid
excessive pressure that could disturb the distribution of
the layers and damage the reinforcement.
S 5480 : Part 2 : 1982
Adjacent pieces of reinforcement shall be overlapped by
not less than 50 mm and their edges worked out to
‘minimize the stop, Such joints shall be staggered through
the thickness of the wall. When directionally biased
reinforcement is used, care shall be taken to ensure that
the high strength direction is correctly aligned to give
the designed balance of hoop and longitudinal strength,
20.4 The manufacturer shall ensure that good adhesion
is obtained between successive layers of laminate either
by correct time scheduling of the lay-up, or (particularly
in the case of butt joints and fabrication of fittings from
pipe sections) by removing the surface gloss of cured
rosin before further applications,
‘The internal surface of the pipe and fitting shall be smooth,
and both the internal and external surfaces shall be clean
and free from defects such as protruding fibre, voids,
bubbles, cracks, blisters or foreign matter that would
impair their performance in service.
21. Inspection
In addition to the manufacturer's own inspection and
suporvision, the purchaser or his appointed inspecting
authority shall have access at all reasonable times by
arrangement with the manufacturer to those parts of the
works engaged on the manufacture and testing of the pipes
and fittings he has ordered and all the relevant test records,
22. Certi n
‘The manufacturer shall, on request, furnish to the
purchaser or purchaser's representative, duplicate copies
of a signed certificate stating that the design, construction,
{and testing of the pipes and fittings complies with the
requirements specified in this standard, If required by the
purchaser, the test results or a suitable summary shall be
Provided with the certificate.
In cases of joint responsibility for inspection and testing
of pipes and fittings, signed documentary evidence of the
results of all the completed inspections and tests shall be
forwarded to the Inspecting Authority. BS 6480 : Part 2 : 1982
Appendix A
Guide to requirements and methods of test
Proper Requirement “est method
Construction and cure Clouse 6 optional | Anpendix R
Diameter of pipes 10.2, clause 12 | Appendix F
Initial hoop tensile stenath Clouse 18 Appendices K, L, M
Initia impact eesistance Clause 6 ‘Appendix E
Initial longitudinal tensile strongth Clause 16 ‘Appendices N, P, Q
Initial specifi stiffness and resistance to structural damage | Clause 14 Appendix J
Joint performance Clause 19 8s 2494
Leak tightness of fittings 133 Appendix H
Leak tightness of pipes 131,132 Appendix G
Long-term hoop tensile strength 43, clause 8 | Appendix ¢
Long-term strain corrosion resistance 44, clause 7 Appendix D
Semi-pecmanent set and ageing 42, clause 9 ‘Appendix 8
Short-tarm strain corrosion resistance Clause 17 ‘Appendix D
Wall thickness | 103, 122
More oa iat open t ®
Appendix B B.5.1.4 Measure and record the average deflection from.
Method for the determination of the long-term
semi-permanent set and ageing of reinforced
B.1 Principle. This method describes the test procedure
to determine the long-term semi-permanent set and ageing
of reinforced plastics pipes deflected as a ring in an
aqueous environment. It is usual to carry out the test on
pairs of test piecas,
‘The procedure consists of two test methods, one to
determine ageing and semi-permanent set and one to
determine ageing alone, semi-permanent set being
obtained as shown in B.6.1
B.2 Apparatus. The apparatus shall be as shown in
figure 1 and shall be capable of maintaining the load at a
constant value, The plates shall be 300 mm wide,
B.3 Tost piecos. Test pieces shall be ring sections,
300 mm long, cut from a pipe. A minimum of four
test pieces is required.
B.4 Test conditions. Conduct the test with the rings
immersed in tap water at 15+ 10°C. For applications
where the service temporature is higher than 30 °C,
conduct the test at the maximum service temperature.
B.S Procedure
B.5.1 Determination of ageing plus semi-permanent set
(af)
B.5.1.1. Assemble the rings without distortion between
the plates and submerge the rings and plates in water
controlled at the appropriate temperature,
8.5.1.2 Note the reading of the measuring devices and
record the average as the datum reading,
8.5.1.3 Load the rings to give equal deflections at each
‘measuring point until the total vertical pipe deflection
from the datum condition is 5 + 0.5 % of the nominal
diameter, 0.01 h after full load is applied, record the
average deflection fram the datum as d,
the datum as after the rings have been loaded for a
total of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 h,
B.5.1.5 On loglog paper plot dy da against time
(araph 1). Determine the best regression line by the
least squares method and extrapolate to 50 years,
Record the extrapolated value of dj /d at 50 years
5 (aB}<9. An example is shown in figure 2.
8.5.2 Determination of ageing (8)
8.5.2.1 Assemble and load as described in B.6.1.1, B.5.1.2
and B.5.1.3, 0.01 h after full load is applied, record the
average deflection from the datum as ds
8.5.2.2 After the rings have been loaded for 1 h, record
the average deflection from the datum as ds, remove the
dead weights and 1 min after removing the weights record
the average deflection as ds. Replace the dead weights and
1 min after replacing the weights record the average |
deflection as de. |
8.5.2.3 Repeat 8.5.2.2 after the rings have been loaded |
|
fora total of 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000h.
B.8.2.4 On log-log paper plot 2d3/dg + dg ~ 2d) against
time (graph 2), Determine the best negative regression line
by the least squares method and extrapolate to 50 years.
Record the extrapolated value of 2d5/\d + dg ~ 2ds) at
50 years a5 Bso. |
‘An example is shown in figure 2. |
B.6 Calculation
B.6,1 The semi-permanent set factor, aso, is obtained
from the following equation:
tag = LB |
Beo
where
{a8} s9_ is obtained from graph 1;
Boo is obtained from graph 2.
B.6.2 The ageing factor, Aso is obtained from graph 2. B.7 Report. The report shall include the following,
{2} The size, thicknoss and classification of the pipe,
manufacturer's code and date of test
(b) Graphs 1 and 2, prepared in B.5.1.5 and B.5.2.4
{c) Semi-permanent set factor, agp, and ageing
factor, Bso
(dl The test temperature,
Appendix C
Method for the determination of the long-term
hoop tensile strength
.1 Principle. This method describes the test procedure
to determine the long-term tensile strength of reinforced
plastics pipe under internal hydrostatic pressure.
€.2 Apparatus. The apparatus shall consist of one or more
tanks containing water sufficiently deep to submerge the
test pieces and suitable devices to seal the ends of each test
piece. For pipes intended to withstand the end load
resulting from internal pressure, a minimum of 18 test
pieces shall be sealed by means of devices that transmit
the entire end load to the test piece, and a minimum of
18 test pieces shall be sealed by devices that do not
transmit end load to the test piece wall, All other test
Pieces shall be sealed by devices that do not transmit end
load to the test piece wall. A suitable means of indepen:
dently hydrostatically pressurizing each test piece is
required,
€.3 Test pieces, Test pieces shall be lengths cut from pipes
Of the same classification. All test pieces shall be equal in
length which shall be not less than that necessary to
Provide a clear length between the end seals of 1.5 times,
their nominal diameter. A minimum of 18 test pieces is
required, except for pipes intended to withstand the end
load resulting from internal pressure (marked LS) when a
minimum of 36 is required,
€.4 Test conditions. Conduct the test at 15 + 10°C.
Unless the hoop strength characteristics are required for
{an application involving temperatures higher then 30°C
in which case conduct the test at the maximum service
temperature.
C5 Procedure
€.5.1 Measure the mean internal diameter of the test
piece to an accuracy of 1 mm or 1.0%, whichever is the
least, in accordance with the method described in
appendix F and the mean wall thickness of the test piece
10 an accuracy of 0.5 mm or 3.0 % whichever is the least.
.5.2 Seal each test piece, submerge it in a test tank
controlled at the appropriate temperature, and pressurize
it to the selected pressure, and seal off from the
pressurizing source,
€.5.3 Monitor the pressure and adjust periodically to
keep it within + 5 % of the selected test pressure until
failure occurs.
NOTE. Failure is indicated by the transmission of the tet fluid
through the test pieca wall in any manner, shethor it be a wall
fracture, localized leaking or weeping as avicenced by 2
continuous loss of pressure in excess of 0.2 % por hour of the
test pressure
BS 5480 : Part 2 : 1982
€.6.4 Note the time corrected to the nearest hour
between pressurization and failure for each test piece,
€.6 Test schedule. The pressure applied to each test piece
shall be chosen so that failure occurs as follows.
Failure time (>) Number of failures
10to 1000 At least 4
1001 t0 6000 At least 3
6001 to 10.000 At least 3
After 10000 At least 7
(On completion of each time band, if the requisite number
Of failures has not occurred either, (a) the number shall be
attained by assigning a failure, at the upper time limit of
the band, to the number of extra unfailed test pieces
necessary, or, (b) the test for the time band shall be
repeated.
C7 Calculation
€.7.1 For each test piece, calculate the long-term hoop
tensile stress at failure from equation (1) oF (2) according
to the type of reinforcement,
Failure times of less than 1 h shall not be included,
If the test piece contains non-continuous glass fibre
reinforcement only, determine the long-term hoop wall
tensile stress at failure, dy, (in N/mm?) using the following
equation
= Pst
Oy = 2! a
where
P is the internal pressure (in MPa),
D is the mean internal diameter (in mm);
£ is the mean wall thickness of pipe (in mn).
If the test piece contains continuous glass fibre reinforce-
ment only, determine the long-term glass tensile stress at
failure, 0g, (in N/mm?) using the following equation:
P(o+t) 2
2ty sino
where
P is the internal pressure (in MPa);
D is the mean internal diameter (in mm);
ty is the cross-sectional area of continuous helical glass
fibre reinforcement determined normal to the fibre
Crientation per unit axial length of pipe wall (in mm):
@ is the plane angle between helical glass fibre
reinforcement and longitudinal axis of the pipe
(helix angle).
Where a mixture of continuous and non-continuous glass
reinforcements is used, calculate the hoop tensile stress at
failure using both equations (1) and (2) according to the
proportions of each component,
€.7.2 If the pipes are intended to withstand the end load
resulting from internal pressure, calculate the hoop tensile
stress at failure for test pieces sealed by means of devices
‘that transmit the entire end load to the pipe wall separately
from those sealed by means of devices that do not
transmit end load to the pipe wall.
6.7.3 Plot log'109 graphs of tensile stress at failure against
time to failure from the results obtained for each sealing
‘method. For each graph, draw the regression line of log BS 5480 : Part 2 : 1982
(time) = A +B log (stress) using the least squares method.
Extrapolate to 60 years and read off the value of hoop
tensile stress (hoop wall tensile stress or hoop glass tensile
stress) at 50 years. Ifthe design service life is less than
50 years read off the value of hoop tensile stress at the
design service life,
NOTE 1.A and & are conventional mathematical symbols for
intercept and slope.
NOTE 2, Whoraver possible the test petiod should be extended
{ avoid extrapolation beyond one logarithmic sale,
C.8 Report. The report shall include the Following.
{a} The size and classification of the pipe,
manufacturer's code and date of test.
{b) The strength basis (pipe wall tensile strength or
Glass tensile strength)
(c} The design service life in years.
(4) The graph(s) prepared in 6.7.3,
{e) The long-term hoop wall tensile strength dyin OF
long-term hoop glass tensile strength ogg. (The tensile
strength is equivalent to the tensile stress at failure.)
(f) For pipes intended to withstand the end load
resulting from internal pressure, the minimum of the
‘two values of long-term strangth given in C.7(e) for
both sealing methods
(q) The test temperature.
Appendix D
Method for the determination of the strain
corrosion resistance
D.1 Principle. This method describes the test procedure
to determine the time to Failure of pipes strained in an
aggressive environment.
D.2 Apparatus. The apparatus shal! be as shown in
figure 3. Strain gauge equipment shall be used for accurate
determination of strains.
NOTE, End dams fied to the outside of the pipe may be used
provided the edge ofthe test piace is sealed
D.3 Test pieces. Test pieces shall be ring sections or
segments, 300 mm long, cut from a pipe. A minimum
Of 18 test pieces is required.
D.A Test conditions. Conduct the test at 15 + 10°C
Unless the strain corrosion characteristics are required for
an application involving temperatures higher than 30°C
in which case conduct the test at the maximum service
temperature,
D.S Procedure
D.5.1 Attach a strain gauge to the inside surface of the
test piece to measure the initial circumferential strai
D.5.2 Place the test piece in the strain fixture with the
strain gauge at the bottom, Deflect the test piece until the
desired initial strain lovel is recorded and maintain this
deflection for the duration of the test, Prepare chemically
inert dams and bond to the ends of the deflected test
Piece.
'D5.3 Fill the bore of the test piece between the dams to
‘2 depth of at least 0.2 diameters with 1.0 sulphuric acid
controlled at the appropriate temperature. Other acids
fr reagents may be used for specific applications (see
clause 7). Once a week, check and if necessary correct,
the concentration,
D.5.4 Note and record any failure (see C.5.3) with time
of occurrence corrected to the nearest hour
D.6 Test schedule, The strain level applied to each test
piece shall be chosen so that failure occurs as follows:
Friture time (h) Number of failures
10t0 1000 At least 4
1001 to 6000 At least 3
6001 t0 10 000 At least 3
After 10000 Atleast 1
On completion of each time band, if the requisite number
of failures has not occurred either, (a) the number shall be
attained by assigning a failure, at the upper time limit of
the band, to the number of extra unfailed test pieces
necessary, or, (b) the test for the time band shall be
repeated.
D.7 Calculation. Plot a log-log graph of strain against
time of failure from the results obtained. Extrapolate to
80 years and read off the value of strain at 50 years.
If the design service life is less than 50 years then read
Off the value of strain at the design service life
Failure times of less than 1 h shall not be included.
D.B Report. The report shall include the following.
(a) The size, thickness and classification of the pipe,
manufacturer's code and date of test.
(b) A graph on tog-log paper showing the relationship
between strain and time to failure, The best straight
line by least squares method, extrapolated to 50 years,
and the 95 % lower confidence limit line
(c} Tho value of the strain where the 95 % lower
confidence limit line reaches 10, 100, 1000 h for a
quality control test.
(d) The type of failure (e.g. leakage, local crack or
complete cracking) and the location relative to the
strain gauge.
(e) The test temperature,
(f) The fluid used for the test.
Appendix E
Method for the determination of the
impact resistance
E.1 Principle. This method describes the test procedure
+10 determine the resistance to impact.
E.2. Apparatus. A falling weight apparatus shall be used
and shall consist essentially of the following,
£.2.1 Amain frame and guide that can be fixed rigidly
in a true vertical position.
E.2.2 A weighted striker that can fall freoly within the
guide and that has a hardened hemispherical striking
surface of 50 mm diameter and is of mass 560 g.
£.2.3 A solid flat test piece support at least 1.0 m long
that is positioned below the guide
E.24 A release mechanism such that the striker can fall
through a height of 300 mm onto the top surface of the
test piece,
E.2.5 Means for maintaining a constant height of fallin
order to accommodate different diameters of pipe.
E.3 Test piece. A complete section of pipe length
equivalent to three times the nominal diameter or 1.5 m
whichever is the longer shall be tested. E.4 Tost conditions. Conduct the test at 15 + 10°C,
E.5 Procedure
E.5.1. Cap both ends of the test piace so that it can be
filled with water and later pressurized (see E.5.4
and E.5.5),
£.5.2 Fill the test piece with water and place it on the
flat support under the striker so that impact will be at
least 300 mm from either end closure. Then release the
striker.
E.5.3 Repeat E.6.2 three times so that each impact is a
minimum of 300 mm from each other and a minimum
‘of 300 mm from either end closure.
E.5.4 Raise the internal pressure to the maximum service
pressure and repeat E.5.2 and E.5.3 on different areas to,
those used previously.
E.5.5 Raise the internal pressure to 1.5 times the maximum
service pressure and-maintain this pressure for 168 h.
E.5.6 Examine the outer surface of the pipe wall for
water and record any failure (see C.5.3).
E.6 Report. The report shall include the following
{a} The size and classification of the pipe,
‘manufacturer's code and date of test.
(b) The minimum service pressure.
(c} The test temperature.
(a) The type of failure (e.g, leakage, local crack or
complete cracking).
Appendix F
Method for the deters
internal diameters of pipes
F.1 Principle. This method describes the test procedure
10 accurately determine the internal diameter of GRP.
pipes and the deviation from roundness other than that
associated with self-weight loading.
NOTE. GRP pipes ae relatively flexible, and when resting on 9
horizontal surface, deflect undar their ovwn self weight
F.2 Procedure
F.2.1 With the pipe resting horizontally mark the
horizontal and vertical diameters at each end of the pipe.
F.2.2 Measure and record the horizontal diameter Dyso
and vertical diameter Dyo at each end of the pipe.
F.2.3. Rotate the pipe through 15° and record the new
horizontal diameter Dyyyg and vertical diameter Dy 5
F.2.4 Repeat the above at 15 ° inorements around half
the circumference of the pipe.
F.3 Calculation. Calculate the mean diameter, Dry,
(in mm) at each end of the pipe using the following
equation:
(Ono *On15* -»Dysres) + (Ovo + vis ---Dvres)
24
Calculate the vertical deflection of the pipe due to
self-weight, 4, {in mm) using the following equation:
2yo + Dyrs *-+-Ovn
BS 5480 : Part 2: 1982
Calculate the deviation from coundness, 7, of the pipe at
any point, with the exception of self-weight loading using
the Following equation:
Dm ~ Oyo
where
yp is any vertical measurement.
For each end combine the highest positive and negative
values of 7 with the mean diameter D,, to obtain the
limits on the work size diameter.
F.A Report. The report shall include the following,
(a) The size and classification of the pipe,
manufacturer's code and date of test.
(b) The individual measurements of horizontal diameter,
Dy, and vertical diameter, Dy
(c} The mean diamoter, Diy.
{d) The vertical deflection of the pipe, Ay.
(0) The deviation from roundness, 7, at any point.
(f) The limits on the work size diameter.
Appendix G
‘Method for the determination of the leak
tightness of pipes by hydrostatic pressure testing
G.1 Principle. This method describes the test procedure
to determine the leak tightness of reinforced plastics
pressure or non-pressure pipes under hydrostatic pressure
G2 Apparatus
6.2.1. For pipes that are not intended to resist longitudinal
‘end loads developed by internal pressure, e.g. pipes with
socket and spigot joints with elastomeric sealing rings,
the apparatus shall consist of a pair of end seals suitably
restrained so that no axial force is applied to the pipe other
than that exerted through the gasket and provided with @
means of measuring the hydrostatic pressure at the top
Of the pipe to an accuracy of + 2%.
6.2.2 For pipes intended to resist longitudinal end loads
