Further Reading Mos books ein wih esearch mead wil av chap onthe deen ‘fgustomains ado te oy ena hre ae str ens Shoal evenly valle ea Al poi good via wal on Av a Kskoo, (1971) Sse Method Sil tiation, Tandon, Heinemann ee Capes ae 1. ‘Opps (1966) Desa Aide Mensa Tal, Henan. Rather ltl pve wes Seat,€-1961 Resarchon mal seven Jona the Roy Sua ‘sity Serie (129) 143-208. Te rel worth tay. {ine sbesne iasemany oth er Sundar Youngman, MGB. (1982) Degning and Anahsine Gnetonaes edge 12” Unverty of Nota, Schade, Ais ‘sed as Capes £0 nD wl 1904) Conca Sal. {fle mstaton ta Edeatnalanpemen Lacon Mae and Noy. Onolthees ani most arighlorvar ude togaettontoe ‘py and ston, 8 PLANNING AND CONDUCTING INTERVIEWS ‘advantage ofthe iervew i is aap. sala can follow up ides, probe reyontes and invsiate ‘lo The expres sion, hesiation, et) can provide information tht a ween response would coneal. Questionnaire responses have oe tken face vay but a response in am interview cin be developed tnd lai, There are problems of couse. Inerviws ate time-consuming, 1nd so in 2 100-hou® peoect you wl be alec inerview oly latvely small umber of peopl. is highly abject techni ‘nuheefore heres away the danger of Bias, Aoaysing espootes an preset problems, aad wording the sss 1s lost at ‘emanding for ieeiews a» efor queiomien Ev sy she inerview can i ichmateral anda often pu lesbo the bones sf questionnae responses, ‘Moser and Kalo (1971-271) describe the survey interview as *scomsersation berween interviewer and respondent with the par ose of hci certain information ftom the respondent, This, they contin, mighe app = saihlocward mate, but thepe ‘72_Boing Your RessorePelect stainnenc of sucesul interview mock more complex than his Statement gh suggest “Wiheman and. Avon (1972) liken etervewing 10 a fishing cexpeson sd, paring this analogy, Coben (1976:82) adds that “The hing, nerviewing ta atv regu caefl prepare: tion, much patience, and comsderale practice i he crest ear ito be worth ct ‘reparation for iseriews flows much the sume procedures 3 for questionnaires. Topics need tobe slated, suestions devised, mesos of snalsis considered, a schedle prepared and piloted “Though question wording i importa, may nt Be QUE ingporant co be pred abou the use of estan ters 35 fr ues ‘Sonn, tough of cure the language you use must be unde. andabletothe respondent Inthe chapter guciconnaite deen, Tve the example of dents having ben asked how mach ine they spene syn ard wopgesed that“ grest deal’ certain mun and not at alP, would mean diferene things co diferent ‘oun: to an merviow would be posible to ask "How much ine you spend saying?” and then fw with a prompe 0 te lines of For example Follow teres lid down Sor questionaire desig 0 leading presmptive or ofonine questions et). Prepare opis a then questions on cards or om sepatae pices of pape, s0 that you an Tarte onde of questioning when al tpi have been coer. ‘Comer whic ely to be dhe best order in which ro ask ques= tion The order ay be nporas in exablshing an xn eatin ‘pve the eres, Fhe manera thick You ask questions Tove ceaialy il bes Praise interviewing and managing your “Wheat wo mate see your form of questioning i clear, does “ntaeonive he respondent ad sows you fo record respons ‘tay that yo cam tnderstand whe he eriew sor Type of Interview ‘Once you have decided wht you neds know, decision will have tebe made about the eye of itervew which i mos Tkely £0 produee the information require. Grebeik and Moser (1962:16) Fite akerative peas eaged stpewbere on what hey cll Planing ond Conducting Ilerviows_ 29 inedimerview wher th ntrvewes behave as mache a machine ‘hpossble, Atte cn the completely nlormaliatrview in whic the shape Is detersned by indivdval epondent. The moe a0- ‘lsd the ltervew, the nies aggregate and quantify the est A seructred interview ean tke the form of a quesonnate ‘retest completed bythe inteviewer cates han bythe eponiens andi you are a actimeseterviewer, ou may id onert ue stacured fora. Th te ease of your snvengaion ito barriers to leaning, you night perhaps ws oid othe entent to which mare sents ive petted in the actin ofthe Mature Stents Secety In that eau, yom might prepare a schedule on the following nes 2 w von enan ee pie emp wba Foie) If ihe nervewee provides information fel hen prompts will oc be newsary bu if yu parilarly wash to Kv, for example, whet sents nade ve of che eousellig serve and whether they rund the sevice sacl, den prompe may be needed “Th ove forint allows yout ice responses andi plenty of space’ allowed, sy oteresing comments provided by te it~ ‘ewes canbe ted down ravens real oftime athe anayss ‘ope ndyou canbe sre all oper ar covered. The problem aboot {hs format tat you, asthe neviewe, decide what questions tovash and you may nore asking the sporti gusions Unsure inerviwscenredowndaopicray, andi sil Hee Te eet dle dar, but each inserviewsa0 py 01 ym No to piodop nb 0 “saa dos ap usonng Sine Sonorosaep seu 34) aaa Saopee pS BE sg BSE eK Bsena Baap pam Ba 2g woruanoouy aasnon ‘sama a BEN ME Hy eo POON I NO OF ir eesapemon ss susp pasa 9 0) pt 22 mosey eu 40 kis pun 92 ‘own, ‘ory voiseds ase) same aygracse © amps 1 agen0d {ou en Hk 4goUD Konpn Teabo} psnna Bolangapibosay oA Buioa we18 Dolng Your Research Project Uheimerviewee a cae There ate pasticlrdfclesin interview Ingenio colleagues, ae Seaphen Watersound when he interviewed Iie headmaster He wrote a5 follows ‘When interviewing neers of he senie staff in te hook tnd, in pula, the headmaster, 1 9s concnas of the {eget which ny toe a teacher laced me ina subor- {fine potion, while paradoxically py vole as researcher frne me the iad of advaneage which Pe (198) epors is {theremin the interviewer-inrieweetlationship I never managed to eee the feng of daft which aos fom ining to recone the to roles, am ceria chat te bead tose must hove ele a sinatra eon. I coal not ave bown aay to discus the schoo’ anagemers proces with am inexperienced rarer who es also a member of ison sales oe cred ofl heptane tha Ld fot far a ean tll cxprienceanyhing othe ham open Thess and honesty aad thereby ovecome what might hae een 2 evons imaton tomy ssi research, Narra, e5pon- ‘ents chose thie words caeily ae they were aware that Coilengues were tobe iventhe pportnity of eading the ial ‘port Diplomacy rather than consraent seed be et ‘veriingconsideation. endif to now how hs dificaliescasbeoxerome Honey bout he purpose of he execs, integrity inthe condo and in che {eportng of then at promin to low interviewees oe theeramesit wos the draco the report wil allep though eos in ie ay make i aificltto crea dats, Whatever pro- ‘Maa almost hep, soak cate ot promise 00 itch, A Few Words of Warning Incerviews ae very tne comming. Ifyou allow pe or forthe el imerview, there salto traveling time and ime ls hough {ny one of nero shape (respondent late home, adden ris twit chen which cases delay uexpeced visitor who nese Ue mere Then hare the tie ned t conser what fase std ding th icevisw ogo throu nets, co extend Plonnng and Conducting Interviews 99 ‘and clarify pints that nay have been asi noted. Ifyou are work- ing ful in, you are wkd o be ale to carey ou more hen one incriw in evening, and even if you ate able o devo youre fal toe the tsk i dlc 0 cope with more han three oF four interviews Goring the course of da. Your original peojest ‘la hole acc ofthe ine rouied for planning td en ‘veting cervewn or coping with anseled arrangement second Wisteand finding replacements fr people whe deop ou Interview Checklist 1. Dee wha you ned nL all he me ou whi iow Iormatbaseqed 2. sak youl wy yo eed Examine yout i ed reoe any hs mao fc tae mot ely cited 2 kamimevin he et way Conidae. Shoah rma? 4. yt deve “hein frm of usin wil {potion eatin dlend ow tie peo mec (aod ce 5. Dace the gp often, -Avmocmnd its wil Feoace stot espe: {iwc os wan or re pen pron ie 6, elie te geo: ‘Woe quran card, Check orang ee gona ca 2. Same hw oteone wil Cole Chapter 1 before 5, Pesta inven schele Consider he der of gpetons wide eprint ta rman ay. 9 il your shee Schedles ned oe eed, sd Yoused pace shing 10, Reyne tn whole “Toke secout af lo spender?E 100 _ Doing Your Resoorch _o your bet soil bis. “yw oma ek yu el ot be Geri ake efi camels ove been dered Ince youl expan Say tow og terse {para ems oon te ep Decl whether wo tapered Honey and egy ae foe asp fe oie ray vipat I reo ‘Pld ty the ae ne? Trauma pe Dee. ‘pho do sce peop ore Tv lingo abe ge ae Teme eli abut he eso evens ha con fe leer fom your penis, en ryan eapnining the fron othe eh lhe Ir Say wht you itd do with Ber Ace monty o wheter Streets stud oe espe “Thi il ak ine Remember ‘owe rr pig prove ite emer itwiltbe og ine Svan Remeber ako he an ‘emi end oa lc ‘it uay a eepontet words ied: Rp een Ine nee coe Planning ond Conducting Interviws _ 101 20, Common see and yond People who a Be to. monet wile or long wove at yy vou. v= They dort codertion 21, Doe use the itch for There are ay aur of ays se rorrhe by sik papas ean eee etshoningeapendnms encase. Aponte ot Mite wiscnetonot Leper se etore sang ‘eno dong o ndesing ‘ew i's ele manne Further Reading since cae of gmsionmne om urd book on rca mets ‘ieee rating omer Soe ofthe es kaw a at Taw rer M, Brown, J. al Cate, D. (1985) The Ree ners ‘fading with cover any othe problems my well asthe advantages ‘i ueeing aa earch uve shed rea tine uigsy RG. 9) “The mace ere st conversion’ "oss RS. ok) Pa Rese A Sou Booka Pa Mal onion, Aden 8 Urwin Cohn, Ltn Manon, (1989) Rear Metods in Education elon Rowige Chap 38, “Themen Mowe 6: and, 60971 Srey Method Social nerigaon Tlaemann Chapter 1, Ned cece lon ‘Wc, Me (987) nee nBdacatona Resch Tendon, Rade 8 Kepan Ps ‘wing, 6900) Condy ond Saying ters edie Thckray af Noung, ol of Education. Ane een 3 ‘Cher 1a el ral 984) Conducting maliscl Imes Seem Econ Mangement. Loony Harper So.