Fixed Abutment - CASE 1 B/Fill + Construction Surcharge

metres
R
F2
Toe Length Lt = 1.100
M
Wall Thickness tw = 1.000

F1

Base Length Lb =
Height to deck soffit Hw =
Fill height on heel H =
Base thickness tb =
H
Fill height on toe Hf =
Offset to bearing centre e =
Splay length Ls =

e
Hw

Hf

tw

Lt
Ls

backfill = 35
sliding = 30

6.400
6.500
6.500
1.000
0.000
0.500
0.000

Surcharge = 12

Lh = 4.300

conc = 25

Rdead =
Rlive =
M=
F1 =
F2 =
backfill =

0
0
0
0
0
19

degrees
degrees
kN/m2
kN (+ve downwards)
kN (+ve downwards)
kNm (+ve clockwise)
kN (+ve to left)
kN (+ve to left)
kN/m3
kN/m3

tb
Ka = 0.271
Ko = 0.426

Lb
STABILITY
Base
Wall
B/fill
S/chrge
R
M
=

W
160.00
162.50
531.05
51.6
0.00
905.15

MA
512.00
260.00
2256.96
219.3
0.00
0.00
= 3248.26

H
0
0
144.81
24.39

MA
0
0
-362.0258
-91.45914

= 169.20

= -453.4849

F1
F2
B/fill
S/chrge

W tan = 522.59

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 7.16
Sliding = 3.09

BEARING PRESSURES (Using Ka)

P= 905.15
MCL= -101.70

Pressure at toe = 156.33

Pressure at heel = 126.53
Pressure at front of wall = 151.21
Pressure at back of wall = 146.55

WALL MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

(f3 = 1.1 included for ULS)
Dead Ld
S/chrg
F&M
Section
Depth (m) ULS Shear SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment ULS Moment
H/8
0.813
11.27
0.72
1.69
0.00
2.41
3.98
H/4
1.625
31.37
5.79
6.76
0.00
12.55
20.71
3H/8
2.438
60.29
19.56
15.20
0.00
34.76
57.35
H/2
3.250
98.04
46.35
27.02
0.00
73.38
121.08
5H/8
4.063
144.62
90.54
42.23
0.00
132.76
219.06
3H/4
4.875
200.01
156.45
60.81
0.00
217.25
358.47
7H/8
5.688
264.24
248.43
82.76
0.00
331.19
546.47
Splay top
6.500
337.29
370.84
108.10
0.00
478.94
790.24
H
6.5
337.29
370.84
108.10
0.00
478.94
790.24

Estimated effective depth d =

924 mm

BASE MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

ULS Shear SLS Moment ULS Moment

At d from front of wall

At front of wall
At back of wall
At bottom of splay

44.32
260.76
258.67
258.67

2.61
98.83
446.82
446.82

3.91
146.97
768.08
768.08

Bearing Pressures (Using Ko)

At Toe
At Heel
SLS
194.43
88.43
ULS
260.25
74.14

Fixed Abutment - CASE 2 (Elastomeric Brng) B/Fill + HA Surcharge + Deck Dead Load + Contraction
metres
R
F2
Toe Length Lt = 1.100
backfill =
35
degrees
M
Wall Thickness tw = 1.000
sliding =
30
degrees
2
kN/m
Base Length Lb = 6.400
10
Surcharge =

F1

Hw

Hf

Height to deck soffit Hw =

Fill height on heel H =
Base thickness tb =
H
Fill height on toe Hf =
Offset to bearing centre e =
Splay length Ls =

tw

Lt
Ls

6.500
8.500
1.000
0.000
0.500
0.000

Rdead =
Rlive =
M=
F1 =
F2 =
backfill =

191
0
0
81
0
19

kN (+ve downwards)
kN (+ve downwards)
kNm (+ve clockwise)
kN (+ve to left)
kN (+ve to left)
kN/m3

Lh = 4.300

conc =

25

kN/m3

tb
Ka = 0.271
Ko = 0.426

Lb
STABILITY
Base
Wall
B/fill
S/chrge
R
M
=

W
160.00
162.50
694.45
43
191.00
1250.95

MA
512.00
260.00
2951.41
182.75
305.60
0.00
= 4211.76

H
81
0
232.34
25.74

MA
-607.5
0
-735.7436
-122.2843

= 339.08

= -1465.528

F1
F2
B/fill
S/chrge

W tan = 722.24

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 2.87
Sliding = 2.13

BEARING PRESSURES (Using Ka)

P= 1250.95
MCL= -1301.96

Pressure at toe = 386.18

Pressure at heel = 4.74
Pressure at front of wall = 320.62
Pressure at back of wall = 261.02

WALL MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

(f3 = 1.1 included for ULS)
Dead Ld
S/chrg
F&M
Section
Depth (m) ULS Shear SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment ULS Moment
H/8
1.063
130.85
1.62
2.41
0.00
4.03
6.64
H/4
2.125
160.96
12.96
9.63
10.13
32.71
51.74
3H/8
3.188
206.17
43.73
21.66
96.19
161.58
245.45
H/2
4.250
266.47
103.66
38.51
182.25
324.42
495.20
5H/8
5.313
341.85
202.46
60.17
268.31
530.95
817.03
3H/4
6.375
432.33
349.85
86.65
354.38
790.88
1226.99
7H/8
7.438
537.91
555.55
117.94
440.44
1113.93
1741.09
Splay top
8.500
658.57
829.28
154.05
526.50
1509.82
2375.38
H
8.5
658.57
829.28
154.05
526.50
1509.82
2375.38

Estimated effective depth d =

924 mm

BASE MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

ULS Shear SLS Moment ULS Moment

At d from front of wall

At front of wall
At back of wall
At bottom of splay

120.47
669.36
658.05
658.05

7.34
272.06
1352.64
1352.64

10.68
386.39
2032.71
2032.71

Bearing Pressures (Using Ko)

At Toe
At Heel
**
SLS
503.54
0.00
4.969
ULS
664.16
0.00
4.443
** = adjusted base length for uplift

Fixed Abutment - CASE 2a (Sliding Bearing) B/Fill + HA Surcharge + Deck Dead Load + Contraction
metres
R
F2
Toe Length Lt = 1.100
backfill =
35
degrees
M
Wall Thickness tw = 1.000
sliding =
30
degrees
2
kN/m
Base Length Lb = 6.400
10
Surcharge =

F1

Hw

Hf

Height to deck soffit Hw =

Fill height on heel H =
Base thickness tb =
H
Fill height on toe Hf =
Offset to bearing centre e =
Splay length Ls =

tw

Lt
Ls

6.500
8.500
1.000
0.000
0.500
0.000

Rdead =
Rlive =
M=
F1 =
F2 =
backfill =

191
0
0
16
0
19

kN (+ve downwards)
kN (+ve downwards)
kNm (+ve clockwise)
kN (+ve to left)
kN (+ve to left)
kN/m3

Lh = 4.300

conc =

25

kN/m3

tb
Ka = 0.271
Ko = 0.426

Lb
STABILITY
Base
Wall
B/fill
S/chrge
R
M
=

W
160.00
162.50
694.45
43
191.00
1250.95

MA
512.00
260.00
2951.41
182.75
305.60
0.00
= 4211.76

H
16
0
232.34
25.74

MA
-120
0
-735.7436
-122.2843

= 274.08

= -978.0279

F1
F2
B/fill
S/chrge

W tan = 722.24

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 4.31
Sliding = 2.64

BEARING PRESSURES (Using Ka)

P= 1250.95
MCL= -814.46

Pressure at toe = 314.77

Pressure at heel = 76.16
Pressure at front of wall = 273.75
Pressure at back of wall = 236.47

WALL MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

(f3 = 1.1 included for ULS)
Dead Ld
S/chrg
F&M
Section
Depth (m) ULS Shear SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment ULS Moment
H/8
1.063
37.90
1.62
2.41
0.00
4.03
6.64
H/4
2.125
68.01
12.96
9.63
2.00
24.59
40.13
3H/8
3.188
113.22
43.73
21.66
19.00
84.39
135.07
H/2
4.250
173.52
103.66
38.51
36.00
178.17
286.06
5H/8
5.313
248.90
202.46
60.17
53.00
315.63
509.14
3H/4
6.375
339.38
349.85
86.65
70.00
506.50
820.33
7H/8
7.438
444.96
555.55
117.94
87.00
760.49
1235.67
Splay top
8.500
565.62
829.28
154.05
104.00
1087.32
1771.20
H
8.5
565.62
829.28
154.05
104.00
1087.32
1771.20

Estimated effective depth d =

924 mm

BASE MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

ULS Shear SLS Moment ULS Moment

At d from front of wall

At front of wall
At back of wall
At bottom of splay

92.58
528.40
457.83
457.83

5.53
204.94
979.65
979.65

8.19
301.58
1596.46
1596.46

Bearing Pressures (Using Ko)

At Toe
At Heel
**
SLS
385.52
5.40
ULS
514.84
0.00
5.732
** = adjusted base length for uplift

Fixed Abutment - CASE 3 B/Fill + HA Surcharge & Braking behind Abutment + Deck Dead Load
metres
R
F2
Toe Length Lt = 1.100
backfill =
35
degrees
M
Wall Thickness tw = 1.000
sliding =
30
degrees
2
kN/m
Base Length Lb = 6.400
10
Surcharge =

F1

Hw

Hf

Height to deck soffit Hw =

Fill height on heel H =
Base thickness tb =
H
Fill height on toe Hf =
Offset to bearing centre e =
Splay length Ls =

tw

Lt
Ls

6.500
8.500
1.000
0.000
0.500
0.000

Rdead =
Rlive =
M=
F1 =
F2 =
backfill =

191
0
0
0
39
19

kN (+ve downwards)
kN (+ve downwards)
kNm (+ve clockwise)
kN (+ve to left)
kN (+ve to left)
kN/m3

Lh = 4.300

conc =

25

kN/m3

tb
Ka = 0.271
Ko = 0.426

Lb
STABILITY
Base
Wall
B/fill
S/chrge
R
M
=

W
160.00
162.50
694.45
43
191.00
1250.95

MA
512.00
260.00
2951.41
182.75
305.60
0.00
= 4211.76

H
0
39
232.34
25.74

MA
0
-370.5
-735.7436
-122.2843

= 297.08

= -1228.528

F1
F2
B/fill
S/chrge

W tan = 722.24

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 3.43
Sliding = 2.43

BEARING PRESSURES (Using Ka)

P= 1250.95
MCL= -1064.96

Pressure at toe = 351.46

Pressure at heel = 39.46
Pressure at front of wall = 297.84
Pressure at back of wall = 249.09

WALL MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

(f3 = 1.1 included for ULS)
Dead Ld
S/chrg
F&M
Section
Depth (m) ULS Shear SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment ULS Moment
H/8
1.063
68.65
1.62
2.41
41.44
45.46
65.90
H/4
2.125
98.76
12.96
9.63
82.88
105.46
155.78
3H/8
3.188
143.96
43.73
21.66
124.31
189.71
285.67
H/2
4.250
204.26
103.66
38.51
165.75
307.92
471.60
5H/8
5.313
279.65
202.46
60.17
207.19
469.82
729.63
3H/4
6.375
370.13
349.85
86.65
248.63
685.13
1075.76
7H/8
7.438
475.70
555.55
117.94
290.06
963.56
1526.05
Splay top
8.500
596.36
829.28
154.05
331.50
1314.82
2096.53
H
8.5
596.36
829.28
154.05
331.50
1314.82
2096.53

Estimated effective depth d =

924 mm

BASE MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

ULS Shear SLS Moment ULS Moment

At d from front of wall

At front of wall
At back of wall
At bottom of splay

105.17
593.12
552.53
552.53

6.34
234.88
1177.82
1177.82

9.31
340.23
1834.02
1834.02

Bearing Pressures (Using Ko)

At Toe
At Heel
**
SLS
438.35
0.00
5.708
ULS
582.09
0.00
5.070
** = adjusted base length for uplift

Fixed Abutment - CASE 4 B/Fill + HB Surcharge + Deck Dead Load

metres
R
F2
Toe Length Lt = 1.100
backfill =
M
Wall Thickness tw = 1.000
sliding =

F1

Base Length Lb =
Height to deck soffit Hw =
Fill height on heel H =
Base thickness tb =
H
Fill height on toe Hf =
Offset to bearing centre e =
Splay length Ls =

e
Hw

Hf

tw

Lt

6.400
6.500
8.500
1.000
0.000
0.500
0.000

Lh = 4.300

Ls

35
30

degrees
degrees
kN/m2

Rdead =
Rlive =
M=
F1 =
F2 =
backfill =

20
191
0
0
0
0
19

kN (+ve downwards)
kN (+ve downwards)
kNm (+ve clockwise)
kN (+ve to left)
kN (+ve to left)
kN/m3

conc =

25

kN/m3

Surcharge =

tb
Ka = 0.271
Ko = 0.426

Lb
STABILITY
Base
Wall
B/fill
S/chrge
R
M
=

W
160.00
162.50
694.45
86
191.00
1293.95

MA
512.00
260.00
2951.41
365.5
305.60
0.00
= 4394.51

H
0
0
232.34
51.49

MA
0
0
-735.7436
-244.5685

= 283.83

= -980.3122

F1
F2
B/fill
S/chrge

W tan = 747.06

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 4.48
Sliding = 2.63

BEARING PRESSURES (Using Ka)

P= 1293.95
MCL= -816.74

Pressure at toe = 321.82

Pressure at heel = 82.54
Pressure at front of wall = 280.69
Pressure at back of wall = 243.31

WALL MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

(f3 = 1.1 included for ULS)
Dead Ld
S/chrg
F&M
Section
Depth (m) ULS Shear SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment ULS Moment
H/8
1.063
22.50
1.62
4.81
0.00
6.43
10.62
H/4
2.125
60.09
12.96
19.26
0.00
32.21
53.15
3H/8
3.188
112.77
43.73
43.33
0.00
87.06
143.64
H/2
4.250
180.54
103.66
77.02
0.00
180.68
298.13
5H/8
5.313
263.40
202.46
120.35
0.00
322.81
532.63
3H/4
6.375
361.36
349.85
173.30
0.00
523.15
863.20
7H/8
7.438
474.41
555.55
235.88
0.00
791.43
1305.87
Splay top
8.500
602.54
829.28
308.09
0.00
1137.37
1876.66
H
8.5
602.54
829.28
308.09
0.00
1137.37
1876.66

Estimated effective depth d =

924 mm

BASE MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

ULS Shear SLS Moment ULS Moment

At d from front of wall

At front of wall
At back of wall
At bottom of splay

96.42
550.23
495.00
495.00

5.61
208.32
1003.47
1003.47

8.53
314.06
1700.02
1700.02

Bearing Pressures (Using Ko)

At Toe
At Heel
**
SLS
390.96
13.40
ULS
535.03
0.00
5.708
** = adjusted base length for uplift

Fixed Abutment - CASE 5 B/Fill + HA Surharge + Dead & HB on Deck

metres
R
F2
Toe Length Lt = 1.100
backfill =
M
Wall Thickness tw = 1.000
sliding =

F1

Base Length Lb =
Height to deck soffit Hw =
Fill height on heel H =
Base thickness tb =
H
Fill height on toe Hf =
Offset to bearing centre e =
Splay length Ls =

e
Hw

Hf

tw

Lt

6.400
6.500
8.500
1.000
0.000
0.500
0.000

Lh = 4.300

Ls

35
30

degrees
degrees
kN/m2

Rdead =
Rlive =
M=
F1 =
F2 =
backfill =

10
191
167
0
0
0
19

kN (+ve downwards)
kN (+ve downwards)
kNm (+ve clockwise)
kN (+ve to left)
kN (+ve to left)
kN/m3

conc =

25

kN/m3

Surcharge =

tb
Ka = 0.271
Ko = 0.426

Lb
STABILITY
Base
Wall
B/fill
S/chrge
R
M
=

W
160.00
162.50
694.45
43
358.00
1417.95

MA
512.00
260.00
2951.41
182.75
572.80
0.00
= 4478.96

H
0
0
232.34
25.74

MA
0
0
-735.7436
-122.2843

= 258.08

= -858.0279

F1
F2
B/fill
S/chrge

W tan = 818.65

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 5.22
Sliding = 3.17

BEARING PRESSURES (Using Ka)

P= 1417.95
MCL= -961.66

Pressure at toe = 362.42

Pressure at heel = 80.69
Pressure at front of wall = 314.00
Pressure at back of wall = 269.98

WALL MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

(f3 = 1.1 included for ULS)
Dead Ld
S/chrg
F&M
Section
Depth (m) ULS Shear SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment ULS Moment
H/8
1.063
15.02
1.62
2.41
0.00
4.03
6.64
H/4
2.125
45.13
12.96
9.63
0.00
22.59
37.27
3H/8
3.188
90.34
43.73
21.66
0.00
65.39
107.90
H/2
4.250
150.64
103.66
38.51
0.00
142.17
234.58
5H/8
5.313
226.02
202.46
60.17
0.00
262.63
433.35
3H/4
6.375
316.50
349.85
86.65
0.00
436.50
720.23
7H/8
7.438
422.08
555.55
117.94
0.00
673.49
1111.26
Splay top
8.500
542.74
829.28
154.05
0.00
983.32
1622.48
H
8.5
542.74
829.28
154.05
0.00
983.32
1622.48

Estimated effective depth d =

924 mm

BASE MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

ULS Shear SLS Moment ULS Moment

At d from front of wall

At front of wall
At back of wall
At bottom of splay

106.62
610.33
326.65
326.65

6.50
240.99
853.22
853.22

9.43
347.92
1402.19
1402.19

Bearing Pressures (Using Ko)

At Toe
At Heel
**
SLS
448.77
4.77
ULS
588.30
0.00
5.868
** = adjusted base length for uplift

Fixed Abutment - CASE 6 B/Fill + HA Surharge + Dead & HA & Braking on Deck
metres
R
F2
Toe Length Lt = 1.100
backfill =
35
M
Wall Thickness tw = 1.000
sliding =
30

F1

Base Length Lb =
Height to deck soffit Hw =
Fill height on heel H =
Base thickness tb =
H
Fill height on toe Hf =
Offset to bearing centre e =
Splay length Ls =

e
Hw

Hf

tw

Lt

6.400
6.500
8.500
1.000
0.000
0.500
0.000

Lh = 4.300

Ls

degrees
degrees
kN/m2

Rdead =
Rlive =
M=
F1 =
F2 =
backfill =

10
191
98
0
39
0
19

kN (+ve downwards)
kN (+ve downwards)
kNm (+ve clockwise)
kN (+ve to left)
kN (+ve to left)
kN/m3

conc =

25

kN/m3

Surcharge =

tb
Ka = 0.271
Ko = 0.426

Lb
STABILITY
Base
Wall
B/fill
S/chrge
R
M
=

W
160.00
162.50
694.45
43
289.00
1348.95

MA
512.00
260.00
2951.41
182.75
462.40
0.00
= 4368.56

H
39
0
232.34
25.74

MA
-292.5
0
-735.7436
-122.2843

= 297.08

= -1150.528

F1
F2
B/fill
S/chrge

W tan = 778.82

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 3.80
Sliding = 2.62

BEARING PRESSURES (Using Ka)

P= 1348.95
MCL= -1143.76

Pressure at toe = 378.32

Pressure at heel = 43.23
Pressure at front of wall = 320.72
Pressure at back of wall = 268.37

WALL MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

(f3 = 1.1 included for ULS)
Dead Ld
S/chrg
F&M
Section
Depth (m) ULS Shear SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment SLS Moment ULS Moment
H/8
1.063
70.79
1.62
2.41
0.00
4.03
6.64
H/4
2.125
100.90
12.96
9.63
4.88
27.46
44.24
3H/8
3.188
146.11
43.73
21.66
46.31
111.71
174.13
H/2
4.250
206.41
103.66
38.51
87.75
229.92
360.06
5H/8
5.313
281.79
202.46
60.17
129.19
391.82
618.09
3H/4
6.375
372.27
349.85
86.65
170.63
607.13
964.22
7H/8
7.438
477.85
555.55
117.94
212.06
885.56
1414.51
Splay top
8.500
598.51
829.28
154.05
253.50
1236.82
1984.99
H
8.5
598.51
829.28
154.05
253.50
1236.82
1984.99

Estimated effective depth d =

924
BASE MOMENTS AND SHEARS (Using Ko)

mm

ULS Shear SLS Moment ULS Moment

At d from front of wall

At front of wall
At back of wall
At bottom of splay

112.47
636.70
469.76
469.76

6.88
254.81
1097.71
1097.71

9.96
364.65
1717.32
1717.32

Bearing Pressures (Using Ko)

At Toe
At Heel
**
SLS
473.30
0.00
5.783
ULS
620.13
0.00
5.233
** = adjusted base length for uplift