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168 viewsParticle Momentum
problems involving particle momentum
Uploaded by
Kitz DerechoCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 11
15-10, A solid-fueled rocket can be made using a fuel
grain with either a hole (a), or starred cavity (b), in the cross
section. From experiment the engine thrust-time curves (T
vs. 1) for the same amount of propellent using these geome-
tries are shown, Determine the total impulse in both cases.
Realizing that the mass of the fuel is expelled as it is
bumed, explain which geometry for the propellent is best
for obtaining the maximum range when used in a rocket and
why.
rw)
s
@
16)
rab)
Prob, 15—10
6
aay |
® es
15-11, The baseball has a horizontal speed of 35 m/s
when it is struck by the bat B. If it then travels away at an
angle of 60° from the horizontal and reaches a maximum
altitude of 50 m, measured from the height of the bat, deter-
mine the magnitude of the net impulse of the bat on the ball.
The ball has a mass of 400 g. Neglect the weight of the ball
during the time the bat strikes the ball.
Prob. 15-11
“15-12. Packages having a mass of 6 kg slide down a
smooth chute and land horizontally with a speed of 3 m/s on
the surface of a conveyor belt. If the coefficient of friction
between the belt and a package is z= 0.15, determine the
time needed to bring the package to rest on the belt if the
belt is moving in the same direction as the package with a
speed v = 1 mis.
I ms
(OMOMOMOMOMOMO)
Prob. 15-12
15-13. The jet plane has a mass of 250 Mg and a horizon-
tal velocity of 100 m/s when 1 = 0. If both engines provide
a horizontal thrust which varies as shown in the graph, de-
termine the plane’s velocity in ¢ = 5 s. Neglect air resist-
ance and the loss of fuel during the motion.
ae
(RN)
F = 200 + 2
Prob. 15-13
15-14, The tanker has a mass of 130 Gg. If itis originally
at rest, determine its speed when t = 10 s, if the horizontal
thrust provided by its propel.er varies with time as shown in
the graph. Neglect the effect of water resistance.
rosa
Prob. 15-14
179 15-29. The boy B jumps off the canoe at A with a velocity
of 5 m/s relative to the canoe as shown. If he lands in the
second canoe C, determine the final speed of both canoes
after the motion. Each canoe has a mass of 40 kg. The boy’s
mass is 30 kg, and the girl D has a mass of 25 kg. Both
canoes are originally at rest.
g
Prob. 15-29
15-30. A 70-kg man on ice skates throws the 8-kg block
with an initial horizontal velocity of 3 m/s, measured rela-
tive to himself, in the direction shown. If he is originally at
rest, determine the distance s he is from the block at the
instant the block strikes the ground. Neglect friction, the
motion of his arms and the size of the block and man.
nim = 3nis
ay 8
Prob. 15-30
15-31. A tugboat T having a mass of 19 Mg is tied to a
barge B having a mass of 75 Mg. If the rope is “‘elastic””
such that it has a stiffness & = 600 kN/m, determine the
maximum stretch in the rope during the initial towing. Orig-
inally both the tugboat and barge are moving in the same
direction with speeds (v7) =15km/h and (vp);
10 km/h, respectively. Neglect the resistance of the water.
#15-32. A boy having a weight of 75 Ib stands at the end
of the 50-Ib canoe. If the canoe is not tied to the pier P and
the boy runs at 4 fi/s relative to the canoe, determine how
far d the canoe has moved away from the pier at the in-
stant he leaps off at A. Neglect water resistance. Originally
Prob. 15-32
15-33. A boy A having a weight of 80 1b and a man B
having a weight of 170 Ib stand motionless at the ends of the
dolly, which has a weight of 40 Ib. If they exchange posi-
tions, A going to B and then B going to A's original posi-
tion, determine the final position of the dolley just after the
motion. Assume that the dolly is free to roll. Neglect the
mass of the wheels.
Prob. 15-33 / 15-34
15-34, Solve Prob. 15-33 if B first moves to A, then A
moves to B’s original position
191 Problems
15-38. Disk A has a mass of 250 g and is sliding on a
smooth horizontal surface with an initial velocity (v4), =
2mJs. It makes a direct collision with disk B, which has a
mass of 175 g and is originally at rest. If both disks are of
the same size and the collision is perfectly elastic (e = 1),
determine the velocity of each disk just after the collision.
‘Show that the kinetic energy of the disks before and after
collision is the same.
15-39, Block B has a mass of 0.75 kg and is sliding for-
ward 6n the smooth surface with a velocity (vg), = 4 m/s
when it strikes the 2-kg block A, which is originally at rest.
If the coefficient of restitution between the blocks is ¢ =
0.5, compute the velocities of A and B just after collision.
4 mi
Prob. 15-39
¥15-40.. The 20-Ib suitcase A is released from rest at C.
‘After it slides down the smooth ramp it strikes the 10-Ib
suitcase B, which is originally at rest. If the coefficient of
restitution between the suitcases is ¢ = 0.3 and the coeffi-
cient of kinetic friction between the floor DE and each suit-
case is ¢ = 0.4, determine (a) the velocity of A just before
impact, (b) the velocities of A and B just after impact, and
(©) the distance B slides before coming to rest.
15-41. If two disks A and B have the same mass and are
subjected to direct central impact such that the collision is
perfectly elastic (e = 1), prove that the kinetic energy be-
fore collision equals the kinetic energy after collision. The
surface upon which they slide is smooth.
15-42, The cue ball A is given an initial velocity (v); =
5 mis. If it makes a direct collision with ball B (e = 0.8),
determine the velocity of B and the angle 6 just after it
rebounds from the cushion at C (e’ = 0.6). Each ball has a
mass of 0.4 kg. Neglect the size of each ball.
Prob, 15-42
15-43. The three balls each have the same mass m. If A is
released from rest at @, determine the angle to which C
rises after collision. The coefficient of restitution between
each ball is e.
Prob. 15-43
15-44, The four balls shown each have the same mass m.
If A and B are rolling forward with velocity v and strike C,
explain why after collision C and D each move off with
velocity v. Why doesn’t D move off with velocity 2v? The
collision is elastic, e = 1. Neglect the size of each ball
Prob. 15-44
199 15-50, Two smooth disks A and B have the initial veloci-
ties shown just before they collide at O. If they have masses
ma = 8kg and mp = 6kg, respectively, and the surface
upon which they slide is smooth, determine their speeds just
after impact. The coefficient of restitution is e = 0.5.
Prob. 15-50
15-51. The two hockey pucks A and B each have a mass
of 250 g. If they collide at O and are deflected along the
dashed paths, determine their speeds just after impact. As-
sume that the icy surface over which they slide is smooth.
Hint: Since the y' axis is not along the line of impact, apply
the conservation of momentum along the x’ and y' axes.
#15-52. Before a cranberry can make it to your dinner
plate, it must pass a bouncing test which rates its quality. If
cranberries having an e > 0.8 are to be accepted, determine
the dimensions d and h for the barrier so that when a cran-
berry falls from rest at A it strikes the plate at B and bounces
over the barrier at C.
Prob. 15-52
15-53. The girl throws the 0.5-kg ball towards the wall
with an initial velocity v4 = 10 m/s as shown. Determine
(a) the velocity at which it strikes the wall at B, (b) the
velocity at which it rebounds from the wall if e = 0.5, and
(c) the distance s from the wall to where it strikes the ground
at C.
Prob, 15-53 Problems
15-58. A particle has a linear momentum
L = {5i— 6 + 10k}kg+ m/s. If it is located at point
B (5m, 2m, —1m), determine its angular momentum
about point A (—3 m, 6m, 4m)
15-59. In cach case determine the angular momentum Ho
of each of the particles about point 0. Use a scalar solution
for part (a) and a Cartesian vector solution for part (b).
8m——|
4inis
o
Prob. 15-59
Problems
*15-60. The four spheres each have a mass of 2 kg and
are rigidly attached to a crossbar frame of negligible mass
If a couple M = (5 + 2)N~+m, where ¢ is in seconds, is
applied as shown, determine the speed of each of the
spheres in 4s, starting from rest
Prob. 15-60
15-61. An amusement-park ride consists of a car which is
attached to the cable OA. The car rotates in a horizontal
circular path and is brought to a speed v, = 4 ft/s when
r = 12 ft. The cable is then pulled in at the constant rate of
0.5 fils. Determine the speed of the car in 3s.
211 Ch. 15 / Kinetics of a Particle: Impulse and Momentum
15-62, The small cylinder C has a mass of 10 kg and is,
attached to the end of a rod whose mass may be neglected.
If the frame is subjected to a couple M = (81 + 5)N-m,
where fis in seconds, and the cylinder is subjected to a force
of 60.N, which is always directed as shown, determine the
speed of the cylinder when r = 2s. The cylinder has a speed
U9 = 2 mis when 1 = 0,
M= (81? +5)Nem
Prob. 15-62
18-63. A girl having a weight of 80 Ib is skating around in
a circle of radius rs = 20 ft with a speed of (v4): = 5 ft/s,
while holding on to the end of a rope. If her partner starts to
pull the rope inward with a constant speed of v, = 4 ft/s,
determine the girl's speed at the instant rg = 10 ft. How
much work is done by her partner after pulling in the rope?
Neglect friction and assume the girl remains in a rigid posi-
tion.
TT re = 10 ft 4
1 2207
Prob. 15-63
*15-64. A small block having a mass of 0.1 kg is given a
horizontal velocity of v, = 0.4 m/s when r; = 500 mm. It
slides along the smooth conical surface. When it descends
to 4 = 100 mm, determine its speed and the angle of de-
scent, that is, the angle measured from the horizontal to the
tangent of the path,
Prob. 15-64
15-65. A gymnast having a mass of 80 kg holds the two
rings with his arms down in the position shown as he swings
downward. His center of mass is located at point G;. When
he is at the bottom position of his swing, his velocity is
(veh = 5 mis. At this lower position he suddenly lets his
arms come up, shifting his center of mass to position G>.
Determine his new velocity in the upswing due to this sud-
den movement, and the angle @ to which he swings before
coming to rest. Treat his body as a particle.
Prob. 15-65 Ch. 16 / Planar Ki
Problems
16-1. A wheel has an initial clockwise angular velocity of
10 rad/s and a constant angular acceleration of 3 rad/s”,
Determine the number of revolutions it must undergo to
acquire a clockwise angular velocity of 15 rad/s. What time
is required?
16-2. A flywheel has its angular speed increased uni-
formly from 15 rad/s to 60 rad/s in 80 s. If the diameter of
the wheel is 2 ft, determine the magnitudes of the normal
and tangential components of acceleration of a point on the
rim of the wheel when t = 80 s, and the total distance the
point travels during the time period.
16-3. The tub of a washing machine is rotating at 50 rad/s
when the power is tured off. If it takes 15 s for the tub to
come to rest, determine (a) the constant angular decelera-
tion, and (b) the total number of revolutions the tub makes.
*16-4, A belt is wrapped around the inner hubs of pulleys
‘A and B as shown, Each hub is fixed to its respective pulley
and turns with it. If A has a constant angular acceleration
a4 = 6 rad/s’, determine the velocity of block C in 3 s if it
starts from rest. How high does it rise in 3 s?
Prob. 16-4
254
16-5. The operation of “‘reverse”” for a three-speed auto-
motive transmission is illustrated schematically in the fig-
ure. If the crank shaft G is turing with an angular speed of
60 rad/s, determine the angular speed of the drive shaft H.
Each of the gears rotates about a fixed axis. Note that gears
A and B, C and D, E and F are in mesh. The radius of each
of these gears is reported in the figure
30 mm
rp = $0
ve = 70mm
rp = 60 mn
Prob, 16-5
16-6. If the angular velocity of the drum is increased uni-
formly from 6 rad/s when t = 0 to 12 rad/s when t = 5s,
. determine the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of
points A and B on the conveyor belt when = 1s. At this
instant the points are located as shown. Ch. 16 / Planar Kinematics of a Rigid Body
16-13. Starting from rest, pulley A is given an angular
acceleration a = (66) rad/s, where @ is in radians. Deter-
mine the speed of block B when it has risen s = 6 m. The
pulley has an inner hub D which is fixed to C and turns
with it
150 mm
Prob. 16-13
16-14. If the hoisting gear A has an initial angular velocity
w= 8rad/s and an angular deceleration a4 =
~1.5 rad/s”, determine the velocity and acceleration of
block C in 2.
Probs. 16-14 / 16-15
#16-15. Solve Prob. 16-14 assuming that the angular
deceleration of gear A is defined by the relation a4 =
(—0.5e~°**) rad/s*, where ¢ is in seconds. Use Simpson's
rule with n = 50 to evaluate the integral
256
*16-16. Determine the distance the load W is lifted
1 = 5 using the hoist. The shaft of the motor M turns wi
an angular velocity @ = 100(4 + ¢) rad/s, where ¢ is in
onds.
Prob, 16-16
16-17. Due to an increase in power, the motor M rotates
the shaft A with an angular acceleration
(0.066%) rad/s?, where 0 is in radians. If the shaft is initially
turning at «; = 50 rad/s, determine the angular velocity of
gear B after the shaft undergoes an angular displacement
AO = 10 rev.
Shaft
Diameter is 24mm
t
60 mm
Prob. 16-17 Problems
16-27, Determine the velocity and acceleration of the 16-30. At the instant @ = 30°, the angular velocity of the
plate C as a function of 6, if the circular cam is rotating crankshaft AB is w = 150 rad/s. Determine the velocity of
about the fixed point O with a constant angular velocity the piston C at this instant,
w = 4 rad/s.
hb
a!
Probs, 16-27 | 16-28 Prob. 16-30
“16-28. Determine the velocity and acceleration of the 16-31. The circular cam rotates about the fixed point 0
plate at the instant @ = 30°, if at this instant the circular with a constant angular velocity ea, Determine the velocity
cam is rotating about the fixed point O with an angular of the follower rod AB as a function of 8.
velocity @ = 4rad/s and an angular acceleration a
2radis*, a
16-29. The 2-m-long bar is confined to move in the hori-
zontal and vertical slots A and B. If the velocity of the slider
block at A is 8 m/s, determine the bar's angular velocity and
the velocity of block B at the instant 6 = 60°.
Prob. 16-31
*16~32. Wheel A rolls without slipping over the surface of
the fixed cylinder B. Determine the angular velocity of A if
its center C has a speed ve = 5 m/s, How many revolutions
will A have made about its center just after link DC com-
pletes one revolution?
v4 = 8s
Prob. 16-29
Prob. 16-32
261 15-45,
15-46.
15-47,
15-49,
15-50.
15-51,
15-53.
15-54.
15-55.
15-57.
15-58.
15-59.
15-61.
15-62.
15-63.
15-65.
15-66,
15-67.
15-69.
15-70.
15-71.
15-73.
15-74,
15-75.
15-77.
15-78.
15-79.
15-81.
15-82.
15-83.
15-85.
15-86.
15-87,
15-89.
15-90.
15-91.
(Up)2 = 1.06 m/s —, (v4) = 0.968 mis,
(@)2 = 5.11 A
(ala = 4.06 1s, (Up)2 = 6.24 fs.
0.456 ft
(0): = 3.16 mis, (v4), = 0.699 mis.
(op)a = 3.50 mis, (Wa)2 = 6.47 ms.
(v,)2 = 6.88 mis, (Up)2 = 75.6 mis.
(a) Ug = 8.81 mis, 6, = 10.5° <2, (b) (Us)2 =
4,62 mis, 6) = 20.3° 2s, (€) 5 = 3.96m.
1.68 m.
90".
(op — SSMU 9 ar = amore — Dd.
Hy = {-70i — 105j ~ 28k} kg > m?ss.
(a) Ho)s = 22.3 kg + mis 5, Hoe = 7-18 ke - mils J,
(Hole = 21.6 kg + ms J, (b) Ho = {-16.81 + 14.9) —
23.6k} slug fs.
4.60 tus.
13.4 mis,
vp = 10.8 fUs, Ugg = 113 ft Ib.
(vo) = 4.31 mis, 6 = 33.2"
ug = 2.77 ms, vg = 3.23 mis.
341s.
13.8 fs
vp = 10.2 kms, ry = 13.8 Mm.
9.41 ft
Ay = L8OKN—, Ay = 7.20 KN, By = 5.40 KN.
1L.0N.
302 Ib,
9.87 Ib, Fy = 4.93 Ib t
0.143 Ib —, Fy = 1.43 Ib t
3.98 KN, A, = 3.81 KN J, Ma =
1.99 KN- mf
[At the instant of firing a = 2.11 mis’, just before
fuel runs out a = 2.40 mis?
32.2 slugis.
11.3 KN
104 mms?
112 mms?
16.1 mis.
R= (20r + 2.48) Ib.
F = (7.851 + 0.32)N.
din y(t
dt ON Ug,
) eo er%o¥ (yy is negative)
Review 1
RIAL. 7.86 tvs —
RI-2. v= {5u, + 41u,} mis, v = 7.81 mss, a = {4u,} mist,
a= 4m,
RI-3. 38.5 fis.
RI-S, 83.1 km/h
RI-6. 210.
RI-7, 4.26(10") fus.
RI-9, = 4.58, x= 1.25 m.
RI-10. 0.933 m.
2.06 s.
RIA-13. ag = 0.671 mvs?, Ope = 1.44 mis 2553,
age = 0.671 mis? Bane
RIA. 6 = 14.6", 6 = 14.0
RI-1S. 10.4 mis
R117. 322 mmis*, @ = 26.6° 7.
RI-18, v; = 3.84 mis, T= 5.89 N
RI-19, 5.38 fs.
R12. (wy)2
RI-22. 0.901
RI1-23, 13.8 fs,
RI-25. 158
RI-26. T= 11.8N, a= 5.89 m/s",
RI-27, = 125, v= 18 mis,
RI-29. yy = 1.80 m/s, Spa = 1
RI-30. (a) As = 256 mm, (b) v = 300 mms?
RI-3L. ay = 1.96 mis’, ag = 3.92 mis?, Ty = 54.9 N,
Ty = 27.5N.
I-33. 834 kwh.
RI-34. vp = 55.2 fls, v4 = 27.6 fs
RI-35, 4.38 mis,
RI-37. 24.8 mis.
RI-38. 24.6 fUs.
RI-39,_ 3.58 m’s.
RI-41. 2.67 KN.
RI-42. (a) ag = ay = 2.76 fUs?, (b) a4 = 67.6 fus*,
dy = 5.15 fs?
RI-43. 19.4 fus.
I-45. up = 24.0 fils, Ny = 7.18 Ib, vc = 16.0 fus,
Ne = 1.18 Ib.
R1-46. (a) 0.627 hp, (b) 1.25 hp
RI-47, 0; = 5.867, #2 = 79.4"
RI-49. 852 KW.
fus, AT = -0.815 ft Ib,
1 fs, (va)2
561 Answers
I-50, F = 68N, Ne = 153,
(vp)2 = 0.575 fs, @= 71.5%, AT = -0,192 ft Ib.
Chapter 16
16-1, 0, = 3.32 rev, 1= 1.675.
16-2. a, = 0.562 fls?, a, = 3600 tus?
16-3. (a) @ = ~3.33 radis*, (b) 0
16-5. 126 radis.
16-6. v4 = Up = 28.8 inls, ay = 207 rads, ay = 4.8 in
16-7. 2.49
16-9. ay = 2.09 radis*, 8 = 0.667 rev.
16-10. vg = 180 rads, wae = 360 rads
16-11, 211 rads.
16-13. vp = 14.7 mis.
16-14. vc = 125 mmis f, ae = 37.5 mmis* |.
16-15. ve = 184 mms f , ac = 2.52 m/s?) .
16-17, 22.3 radis.
3000 ft
9.7 rev,
16-18. 12.6 fils, ap = 160 fus?, 1 = 3.47.
16-19. 70 fs, a= 0.456 fus?.
5
16-21. a= wt
Qa
16-22, 14.4 radis J
16-23. v = fw cos 6, a = — tw? sin 6
16-25. v = 750 cos @ mm/s, a = ~3750 sin @ mm/
16-26, v = 650 mm/s, a = ~1615 mm/s?
16-27. v = 0.480 cos @ m/s, a = —1.92 sin 6 mvs",
16-29. 4.62 rad/s}, 4.62 mis |
16-30. 18.5 fis —
16-31. i= wa sin a+
ros
wren
(Hee)
16-33. ©
16-34.
&
den p( 27 — #2 + drcos 0
re in a)
‘(V2 cos 6 — 1) )
3-2V2c0s 8/"
16-37. v¢ = 2.45 mis, 683, wep = 7.81 rads 5
16-38. 5.18 m/s
16-39. 2.40 fus t
16-35. oy = 2{.
16-41.
16-42.
16-43.
16-45.
Ooms e.
2.5 fuse.
cp = 4.03 rad/s}, cg = 1.65 rads J.
2 radis
Uq = 4 US 2, Up = 7.21 fs
