TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
SECTION A

: PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL CONDITIONS

A/1 - A/30

SECTION B

: EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

B/1 - B/14

SECTION C

: FOUNDATION WORKS AND WORKS BELOW LOWEST

FLOOR LEVEL

C/1 - C/42

SECTION D

: CONCRETE WORKS

D/1 - D/44

SECTION E

: NON-STRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM

E/1 E/10

SECTION F

: SEWERAGE WORKS

F/1 F/10

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

G/1 - G/8

SECTION H

: TIMBER, JOINERY AND IRONMONGERY WORKS

H/1 - H/30

SECTION I

: CEILING WORKS

I/1 - I/10

SECTION J

: STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METAL WORKS

J/1 - J/6

SECTION K

: PLASTERING, PAVING AND TILING WORKS

K/1 - K/14

SECTION L

: WATER RETICULATION, INTERNAL PLUMBING SYSTEM

AND SANITARY FITTINGS

L/1 - L/14

SECTION M : RAIN WATER COLLECTION

M/1 - M/6

SECTION N

: GLAZING WORKS

N/1 - N/4

SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

O/1 - O/8

SECTION P

P/1 - P/11

: ROADS AND HARDSTANDING

SECTION Q : FENCING AND GATES

Q/1 - Q/2

SECTION R

: LANDSCAPING AND TURFING WORKS

R/1 - R/10

SECTION S

: DRAINAGE WORKS

S/1 - S/8

SECTION T

: SIGNAGE WORKS

T/1 -T/4

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

Scope Of Works
Abbreviations
Standards
Contract Documents
Adjoining Property
Goods, Materials And Workmanship
Use Of Local Materials
Sustainable Materials And Products
Metrication
Ordering
Supply Of Materials By Government
Shop Drawings, Samples And Mock-Ups
Contractors Plant
Construction Plan
Project Signboard
Progress Photographs
Sufficient Notice To Local Authorities
Access And Temporary Roads
Temporary Diversion And Relocation Of Existing Overhead And
Underground Services
Temporary Water And Power Supplies For The Works
Site Security
Care And Protection
Legislation And Regulations
Drainage, Erosion And Sediment Control
Access Roads And Maintenance Of Existing Roads
Control Of Workmen, Plant And Machinery At Site
Particulars Of Employees
Contractors Temporary Accommodation And Facilities For Workmen
Living On Site
Contractors Office And Storage
Office Accommodation For S.O.
Telephone For S.O.
Site Items For S.O./ Office Equipment And Facilities
Material Testing Laboratory And Staff
Survey Instruments And Personnel
Safe Working Area
Safety, Health And Welfare
Sanitation
Waste Management
Environmental Protection Works
TABLE A1

40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.

: Submission Of Documents

Water And Air Quality, Noise And Vibration Control

Nominated Sub-contractors
Nominated Suppliers
Coordination Of Mechanical And Electrical Services
Keeping The Site Tidy
As-built Drawings
Clearing, Cleaning And Making Good On Completion

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

A/1
A/1
A/1
A/2
A/3
A/3
A/3
A/4
A/4
A/4
A/4
A/5
A/5
A/5
A/6
A/6
A/7
A/7
A/7
A/7
A/7
A/8
A/8
A/8
A/9
A/10
A/10
A/10
A/11
A/12
A/12
A/13
A/14
A/14
A/15
A/16
A/17
A/17
A/17
A/18
A/18
A/19
A/21
A/21
A/22
A/22
A/23

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
PAGE
APPENDIX A/1 :
APPENDIX A/2 :
APPENDIX A/3 :
APPENDIX A/4 :
APPENDIX A/5 :
APPENDIX A/6 :
APPENDIX A/7 :

Legislation And Regulations

List Of S.O.s Facilities And Equipment
List Of S.O.s Transport Service
List Of Laboratory Equipment
Requirements Of Safety And Health Plan (S-Plan)
Requirements Of Safety And Health Report
TABLE A2 : Environmental Quality Standards To Be
Complied With By The Contractor

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

A/24
A/25
A/26
A/27
A/28
A/29
A/30

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

:
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:

JKR 20800-0183-14
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A/1

1. Scope Of Works
1.1

The Works covered in this Contract comprise the provision by the Contractor at his
own risk and cost of all materials, scaffolding, tools, plant, labour, transport, water,
light and everything else necessary for the construction and completion of i.
.all to the approval of the S.O.

1.2

The Conditions of Contract for the Works, which is embodied in the Form of
Contract (Form PWD 203 / Form PWD 203A), shall be read in conjunction with this
Specification. A copy of the Form of Contract is available for inspection on the
Tender Table on any working day up to the time appointed for receiving tenders. If
the tenderer considers that any of the clauses of the Contract involves expenses, he
shall allow for the money value of such clauses in his Tender.

2. Abbreviations
2.1

The following abbreviations appearing in these Specifications have their meanings

as assigned against them:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
(xii)
(xiii)
(xiv)
(xv)
(xvi)
(xvii)
(xviii)
(xix)

B.Q.
CIAST
CIDB
CoW
DGFR
DOE
DOSH
EMP
JKR
MOH
MSMA
MTIB
PDRM
P.E.
R.O.W.
S.O.
S.P.
SIRIM
SPAN

- Bills of Quantities
- Pusat Latihan Pengajar dan Kemahiran Lanjutan
- Construction Industry Development Board
- Clerk of Works
- Director General of Fire and Rescue
- Department of Environment
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health
- Environmental Management Plan
- Jabatan Kerja Raya
- Ministry of Health
- Manual Saliran Mesra Alam
- Malaysian Timber Industry Board
- Polis Diraja Malaysia
- Professional Engineer
- Right Of Way
- Superintending Officer
- System Provider
- Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
- Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara

3. Standards

3.1

All Standards referred to in this Specification together with any addenda issued shall
be deemed to be the editions current at the time of Tender. If the Malaysian
Standard (MS) exists, which the S.O. deems to be equivalent to the British or other
Standard specified, then the MS shall be followed. Other equivalent standards
specifying superior material may be used with the approval of the S.O.

3.2

In the event of any discrepancy between the provision of this Specification and the
provision within the relevant Standards or Codes of Practice (CP) as mentioned in
this Specification, then the provision of this Specification shall take precedence.

Refer to details in the B.Q./Summary of Tender

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SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

3.3

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Tarikh
Muka Surat

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A/2

The following references shall mean:

(i)

AASHTO

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

ANSI
API
AS/NZS
ASTM
AWWA
BS

(viii) CNS
(ix) CP

(x)
(xi)

DIN
EN

(xii) JIS
(xiii) MS

The American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials
American National Standards Institute
American Petroleum Institute Specification
Australian/New Zealand Standard
The American Society for Testing and Materials
American Water Works Association
British Standards Specification as issued by the British
Standards House, London (the latest amendment)
China National Standard
British Standard Code of Practice issued by the Council for
Code of Practice in Great Britain (the latest amendment)
German Institute for Standardisation
European Standard which is a standard that has been
adopted by one of the three recognized European
Standardisation Organisations (ESOs), that is CEN
(European Committee for Standardization), CENELEC
(European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation)
and ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards
Institute)
Japanese Industrial Standard
Malaysian Standards as issued by the Standards and
Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (the latest
amendment)

4. Contract Documents
4.1

The Contract Documents shall consist of:

(i)

PWD Form of Contract (for contract based on Drawings and Specification or

for contract based on Quantities);
(ii)
Form of Tender;
(iii) Letter of Acceptance of Tender;
(iv) Special Provisions to the Conditions of Contract as listed in the PWD Form of
Contract;
(v)
Contract Drawings;
(vi) Specifications;
(vii) Summary of Tender (for contract based on Quantities, this item is part of the
B.Q.);
(viii) Schedule of Rates (for contract based on Drawings and Specifications) or
B.Q. (for contract based on Quantities);
(ix) Any other relevant documents included therein.
4.2

The documents shall be taken as mutually explanatory of each other and in case of
any discrepancy or inconsistency, the following rules shall apply:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

The Conditions of Contract (PWD Form 203/ PWD Form 203A) shall take
preference over all other documents.
Special Provisions to Conditions of Contract shall take preference over
Conditions of Contract.
In Drawings, large scale details shall take preference over small scale
Drawings.
The Addendum Specification shall take preference over the Standard
Specifications and Drawings.
Drawings shall take preference over Standard Specifications.

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SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

4.3

No. Dokumen
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Any discrepancies shall be referred as soon as possible to the S.O. who shall
decide which shall be followed.

5. Adjoining Property
Where the property adjoining the Site is in constant use by the Employer/adjoining owners
and occupiers, the Contractor shall arrange and carry out the Works so as to cause
minimum interference or interruption to the use of adjoining properties including roads,
footpaths, other access and any existing services thereto. He shall comply with all
instructions or directions given by the S.O. in these matters.

6. Goods, Materials And Workmanship

6.1

Materials and workmanship throughout the Works shall be in accordance with the
Drawings and Specifications and to the approval of the S.O.

6.2

Where required, all works shall be executed by competent and skilled workers in the
related field.

6.3

Wherever in this Specification any proprietary goods or materials are specified,

goods or materials of alternative manufacture may be considered for acceptance
provided they comply in all respect as regards to appearance and quality, and are
approved by the S.O.

6.4

If, however, the Contractor has shown beyond reasonable doubt that the specified
goods or materials cannot be obtained and the S.O. is satisfied with regard to the
non-availability of the goods and materials, the benefit of cost savings, if any,
resulting from the Contractors proposal or substitution of goods or materials
approved by the S.O., shall be deducted from the Contract Sum.

7. Use Of Local Materials

7.1

The Contractor shall use locally manufactured materials and goods as listed in the
Senarai Bahan/Barangan Binaan Buatan Tempatan issued by IKRAM QA Services
Sdn. Bhd. and/or Senarai Bahan/Barangan Buatan Tempatan issued by SIRIM QA
Services Sdn. Bhd., whichever is relevant. If the Contractor fails to comply with this
requirement, a penalty shall be imposed and/or the materials supplied shall be
rejected.

7.2

The locally manufactured materials and goods which are not listed aforesaid, may
be permitted if the materials have been tested and certified by IKRAM QA Services
Sdn. Bhd. or SIRIM QA Services Sdn. Bhd. whichever is relevant. If the testing
cannot be carried out by IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd. or SIRIM QA Services Sdn.
Bhd., the Contractor may apply and, subject to the approval of the S.O., carry out
the testing by other agencies.

7.3

Under no circumstances will the Contractor be permitted to incorporate or supply

imported materials, plant, equipment, or other goods into the Works or forming part
of the scope of the Works except those approved by the Government, prior to the
execution of the Contract. The Contractor shall substitute any materials, plant,
equipment, or other goods proposed to be imported but not approved by the
Government, with suitable local materials, plant, equipment, or other goods,
including making any necessary sub-sequential changes or adjustments to the
design of the Works to accommodate such substitution, all to the concurrence of the
S.O.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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:

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A/4

7.4

The Contractor shall ensure that the procurement of approved imported materials,
plant, equipment, or other goods are obtained directly from the country of origin
based on Free On Board (F.O.B) or other similar basis. The transportation and
insurance of such imported materials, plant, equipment, or other goods from the
country of origin to the Site shall be arranged by the Contractor through approved
Governments Multi Modal Transport Operators (MTO). The Contractor shall allow in
his tender all costs and time required in complying with the requirements of this
clause including the cost required for the services provided by the MTO.

7.5

The Contractor shall submit documentary evidence of compliance with this clause to
the S.O. within one (1) month from the date of each delivery to the Site of such
materials, plant, equipment, vehicles or other goods.

8. Sustainable Materials And Products

8.1

Notwithstanding the materials and products shown on the Drawings or specified

herewith, the Contractor is encouraged to propose, at no additional cost, alternative
equivalent materials or Green products to be used in the Works, subject to the
approval of the S.O., such as:
(i)
(ii)

Environmentally friendly materials or Green products that are certified under

the SIRIM Eco-Label certification or any labels under the Global Eco-Label
Network (GEN) certification.
Products self-declared Green by the manufacturer with certification from
recognised independent certifying bodies and not a member of GEN.

9. Metrication
Unless otherwise specified hereinafter or shown on the Drawings, only materials of metric
dimension shall be used for the Works. Materials of equivalent imperial dimension may only
be used if the Contractor can satisfy the S.O. that the required materials are not available
in metric dimension.

10. Ordering
The Contractor shall place his orders for specified materials at the earliest possible date
after notification of acceptance of tender or at such times as may be specifically stated for
any particular material.

11. Supply Of Materials By Government

11.1

If the Contractor fails for any reason to supply any materials, which he has
contracted to supply, or if he fails to supply any such materials in sufficient time to
enable the Contract to be completed by the agreed date for completion, the
Government may supply any portion, or all of such materials.

11.2

If the Government supplies such material, the cost in respect thereof to be borne by
the Contractor shall be either the current market rates or the actual cost to the
Government, whichever is greater, plus 5% on cost charges.

11.3

The cost to be borne by the Contractor, as detailed above, shall be deducted from
any money due or to become due to the Contractor under this Contract and failing
which such costs shall be recovered from the Performance Bond or as a debt due
from the Contractor.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

11.4

No. Dokumen
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No action by the S.O. under this clause shall be deemed in any way to affect or
modify the right of the Government to claim for damages in the event of the
Contractors failure to complete the Works by the agreed date of completion.

12. Shop Drawings, Samples And Mock-ups

12.1

The Contractor shall submit for approval relevant shop drawings as requested by
the S.O.

12.2

The Contractor shall submit samples of materials or execute samples of

workmanship for the S.O.s approval, and for further samples as required until the
samples submitted or executed are in accordance with this Specification.

12.3

The Contractor shall prepare sample installations as required to match specified

works in all respects before proceeding with work. Mock-up units approved and
accepted by the S.O. shall be referred as the Standard of comparison for the work.

12.4

The Contractor shall submit for approval as requested by the S.O., manufacturer's
specifications, installation instruction, general recommendation for the work,
including certified laboratory test reports and other data required to show
compliance with these specifications.

13. Contractors Plant

13.1

The Contractor shall provide, erect, keep insured, maintain and remove on
completion all requisite scaffolding, hoist, ladder, staging, tarpaulins, tools, vehicles,
tackles and other plants and apparatus (excluding piling and pile testing equipment),
as required by all trades as are necessary for the execution of the Works.

13.2

All mechanical plant used by the Contractor shall be of such type, size and capacity
suitable to the type and nature of the Works and site conditions where the Works
are to be executed.

13.3

The Contractor shall take note the required cranage for the erection and completion
of precast components and to ensure that the said cranes are or will be available
during the construction stages.

14. Construction Plan

14.1

Within fourteen (14) days after the receipt of the Letter of Acceptance, the
Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his approval the following:
14.1.1

Programme of Works
14.1.1.1

A detailed work programme using the Critical Path Method

(CPM) including electronic and printed copies of all data. The
programme shall be presented in the form of Gantt chart and
network diagrams indicating, among others the critical activities,
interface dates and resources required to complete the works
within the Contract period. The Contractor shall be required to
update all information and maintain the planned programme
weekly/monthly using the CPM or as instructed by the S.O.

14.1.1.2

The work programme shall be prepared and maintained by

trained and qualified personnel.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

14.1.2

14.1.3

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Method statements
14.1.2.1

The Contractor shall also furnish in writing to the S.O. or S.Os

Representatives particulars of the Contractors method
statements for carrying out such works and of the construction
plant and temporary works, if any, which the Contractor intends
to supply, use or construct as the case may be. The submission
to and approval by the S.O. or the S.O.s Representatives of
such programme or the furnishing of such particulars shall not
relieve the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities
under the Contract.

14.1.2.2

If at any time it should appear to the S.O that the actual

progress of the Works does not conform to the approved
programme the Contractor shall submit for approval, a revised
programme showing the modifications to the previously
approved programme and additional resources necessary to
ensure the completion of the whole Works within the approved
contract period.

Contractors organisation chart

The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. the organisation chart of his project
team showing the personnel involved, their designations and relationship
including their roles and responsibilities.

14.1.4

Schedules
14.1.4.1

The Contractor shall submit the following schedules:

(i)
(ii)

Maintenance and Calibration Schedule of the plant and

equipment to be used in the Works.
Inspection and Testing Schedule of the plant and
equipment, itemising the type and frequency of inspection
and testing.

15. Project Signboard

The Contractor shall provide, erect, paint and maintain a project signboard in Bahasa
Melayu as shown on the relevant drawing or as directed by the S.O. The signboard shall be
erected at a prominent position at the Site as approved by the S.O.

16. Progress Photographs

16.1

The Contractor shall take progress photographs at monthly intervals or more

frequent as directed by the S.O. The photographs to be taken from different angles
as approved by the S.O. and the average number of photographs shall be
sufficient enough to show the progress of the Works. For building works, the
average number per month shall not be less than six (6) per block of building.

16.2

The Contractor shall supply six (6) sets of bound printed copies of the approved
photographs, all properly titled and dated. The photographs shall also be provided
in jpeg or other approved format with each image set at minimum size of 1280 x
960 pixels and at resolution of 72 pixels per inch and submitted to the S.O.
monthly, in compact discs or removable storage.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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17. Sufficient Notice To Local Authorities/Utility Providers/Regulatory Bodies

17.1

The Contractor shall give sufficient notice to the relevant Local Authorities/Utility
Providers/Regulatory Bodies before commencing or to inspect any works in
relation to their scope of services. Failure to give sufficient notice shall not entitle
the Contractor to extension of time due to any subsequent delays in connection
with the Works.

17.2

Any notice given to the above mentioned authorities shall also be copied to the
S.O.

18. Access And Temporary Roads

The Contractor shall provide and maintain all necessary temporary entrance to the Site and
temporary culverts, tracks, bridges, et cetera for access to and within the Site as long as
required to the approval of the S.O. The position where the site access is to be made shall
be as indicated on the site plan or as approved by the S.O. and the Contractor shall make
all arrangements and obtain all approvals and permissions required at his own cost.

19. Temporary Diversion And Relocation Of Existing Overhead And Underground

Services
19.1

Before commencing any excavation, et cetera, the Contractor shall enquire from
the various authorities whether any underground pipes, cables, et cetera are
present on the Site and if so, he shall make arrangements for the disconnection,
removal and if necessary, the relocation and reconnection of such services and
pay all necessary cost and fees in connection with all temporary diversion and
relocation of existing services.

19.2

If during excavation, the Contractor comes across any underground cables, et

cetera, he shall immediately stop work and refer to the S.O. for further instructions
and make arrangements for the disconnection, et cetera The Contractor shall be
responsible for making good all damage to the cables, et cetera, and shall
indemnify the Government against any claims as a result of such damage.

20. Temporary Water And Power Supplies For The Works

20.1

The Contractor shall provide adequate power supplies for temporary lighting and
for the execution of the works. Electricity shall be obtained from Tenaga Nasional
Berhad (TNB) or the local electricity supply company. Where such electricity supply
cannot be provided, generator set(s) may be used but safety precautions must be
taken. The use of kerosene lamps shall not be allowed.

20.2

The Contractor shall provide all water required for the use in the Works including
paying all associated costs and fees and providing and removing all temporary
plumbing and storage facilities on completion.

21. Site Security

The Contractor shall provide all necessary personnel and lighting for the security of the site
at all times until completion of the whole Works.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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JKR 20800-0183-14
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29 Januari 2014
A/8

22. Care And Protection Of Materials And Works

The Contractor shall provide and maintain everything necessary for proper protection of
materials and Works from any damage by weather, carelessness or otherwise. Any
damage caused shall be made good at the Contractors own cost to the approval of the
S.O.

23. Legislation And Regulations

23.1

The Contractor shall at all times comply with the provisions of all statutes and other
related legislation currently in force regarding the environment, safety and health
as listed in APPENDIX A/1 including any revisions to the current regulations.

23.2

The Contractor shall be liable for and shall indemnify the Government against any
damages, expenses, liability, losses, claims, prosecution, proceedings, fines and
penalties caused by any non-compliance or contravention of the above legislation
and regulations.

24. Drainage, Erosion And Sediment Control

24.1

The Contractor shall execute the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) and
all control measures as shown on the Drawings in such a manner and order as
directed by the S.O. that will minimize accelerated erosion and sedimentation
during the construction phase. The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance
with MSMA relating to erosion and sediment control.

24.2

The Contractor shall execute ESCP which provides for inspection of erosion and
sediment control devices and facilities on a weekly basis and following precipitation
events, as well as maintenance, replacement or repairs to inadequate or damaged
controls and devices to ensure effective and efficient operation.

24.3

The contractor shall maintain all the temporary works regularly throughout the
construction period, or as directed by the S.O. and making good of any damaged
portions during the course of the works.

24.4

The Contractor shall make proper provision for the drainage of surface water from
the work site including rainwater from surrounding areas which drain on to the site.

24.5

The Contractor shall provide, form, fix and maintain such pumps, chutes, walls,
drains, bunds and other temporary works necessary for the proper drainage of the
Site so that no ponding, flooding or other damage or disturbance is caused to
areas surrounding the works throughout the duration of the Contract.

24.6

Silt/Sediment traps shall be constructed as shown on the Drawings. The

silt/sediment traps shall be maintained regularly throughout the contract period,
including desilting when full or as directed by the S.O. and making good of any
damaged portions during the course of the Works. The desilted material shall be
transported to disposal site approved by the S.O.

24.7

The Contractor shall construct construction stabilization access as shown on the

Drawing unless otherwise directed by the S.O. for reducing tracking of mud and dirt
onto publics roads by Contractors vehicles. The construction stabilization access
can be made from aggregates, asphaltic concrete and concrete based on
longevity, required performance and site condition. The use of asphalt concrete
grindings for stabilized construction access/roadway shall be not allowed.
Stabilized construction access shall be maintained by the Contractor until

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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construction staging requires removal or upon final stabilization of the construction

site. Upon removal of the stabilized construction access, the area shall be graded
and stabilized.
24.8

The Contractor shall construct wash trough as shown on the Drawing unless
otherwise directed by the S.O. for cleaning all debris, dirt and mud from the wheels
and tyres of Contractors vehicles leaving the Site. The position of the wash trough
shall be as indicated on the site plan or as approved by the S.O. The wash trough
shall be maintained regularly throughout the contract period as directed by the S.O.

24.9

The Contractor shall construct temporary waterway crossing as shown on the

Drawing unless otherwise directed by the S.O., for providing erosion-free access
point across a waterway for contractors vehicles or equipment and may be
necessary to prevent contractors equipment from causing erosion of the waterway
and tracking of pollutants into the waterway.

24.10

The Contractor shall install check dam as shown on the Drawings unless otherwise
directed by the S.O., for preventing erosion by reducing the velocity of storm water
flows in diversion channel in steep terrain. The check dam shall be constructed of
rocks or logs which are secured against damage during significant floods. It shall
be of sufficient height and spacing to allow small pools to form between each one
and also promote sedimentation behind the dam. The check dam shall be
inspected after each rainfall and when a sediment accumulation of approximately
one third (1/3) of the check dam height is observed, the sediment shall be
removed.

24.11

The Contractor shall construct protection works to the drainage inlets and outlets
as shown on the Drawings unless otherwise directed by the S.O. for trapping
sediment and debris. The drainage inlet and outlet protection works may consist of
rock, grouted rip-rap, concrete rubble, gravel, sand bag, wire mesh or trash screen
shall be constructed in such a manner that will facilitate cleanout and disposal of
trapped sediment / debris and minimizes interference with construction activities.

25. Access Roads And Maintenance Of Existing Roads

25.1

All access roads to the site shall be built away from the existing watercourses,
streams and rivers with proper drainage system and be paved for a distance of at
least 10 m from where these access roads join existing roads.

25.2

The Contractor shall maintain all access roads including the drainage system
throughout the construction period to the satisfaction of the S.O.

25.3

Where the Contractor uses existing/private roads as his access, he shall be

responsible for any damage to the existing roads, bridges, drains, culverts,
roadside furniture, and all other appurtenances and services on such roads caused
by any work carried out by him throughout the construction period. The Contractor
shall repair any damages and reinstate the same to their original condition to the
satisfaction of the S.O.

25.4

All temporary diversion affecting public/private roads must be approved by the

Government, private landowners and the S.O. All such diversions must be
equipped with temporary diversion signs and comply with the current JKR
requirements Adequate workmen for controlling traffic diversion must be provided.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

25.5

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If the Contractor fails to carry out his obligations as stated above, the S.O. shall
carry out such maintenance and restoration and all costs incurred shall be borne
by the Contractor or deducted from any money due or to become due to the
Contractor under this Contract.

26. Control Of Workmen, Plant And Machinery At Site

26.1

The Contractor shall be responsible for controlling all persons under his
employment and those employed by his sub-contractors, merchants and haulers at
the work site and shall take all necessary precautions to prevent damage and
nuisance of any kind and shall indemnify the Government against any claim arising
therefrom.

26.2

The Contractor shall ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare
at work of all his workmen including:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

The provision and maintenance of plant and system of work that is safe and
without risks to health;
Ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use or
operation, handling, storage and transport of plant and substances;
The provision for such information, instruction, training and supervision as is
necessary to ensure the safety and health at work of his workmen;
The maintenance of place of work condition, the provision and maintenance
of the means of access to and egress from place of work that are safe and
without risks;
The provision and maintenance of a working environment for his workmen
that is safe, without risks to health, and adequate as regards facilities for
their welfare at work;
Ensuring all workmen have a valid CIDB Green Cards before entering the
construction site.

27. Particulars Of Employees

The Contractor shall on each working day furnish to the S.O., maintain and update a full list
of all his workers including all workers employed by his sub-contractors or Nominated Subcontractors on the work site giving all particulars in the format as approved by the S.O.

28. Contractors Temporary Accommodation And Facilities For Workmen Living On Site
28.1

The Contractor shall provide and maintain all temporary accommodation and
facilities including temporary lighting, plumbing and water storage for his labour
and staff living on Site. Such accommodation shall be in the form of standard
cabins or constructed of plywood and/or metal deck or of other materials approved
by the S.O. and provided with adequate facilities to the approval of the S.O., in
accordance with the following requirements:
(i)

The location of the accommodation quarters shall be to the approval of the

S.O. before the erection and shall be such as to avoid obstruction and
nuisance to the Works and public, and shall be laid out in an approved and
orderly manner.

(ii)

Under no circumstances shall the accommodation be provided in buildings

under construction.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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(iii)

The temporary accommodation shall be provided with adequate ventilation

and lighting. The sleeping area or resting area shall not be less than 5 m2 per
person. Each accommodation unit shall be maintained, kept tidy and clean at
all times.

(iv)

The accommodation quarters shall not be more than two storeys high.
Common areas for dining, recreation and praying purposes shall be
provided.

(v)

Plywood used shall be new and of minimum thickness 12 mm. The external
walls shall be painted.

(vi)

The Contractor shall provide adequate temporary toilets (not less than one
(1) no. for every twenty five (25) workmen) and bathing place with necessary
water, septic tank and drainage in accordance with DOE and/or Local
Authority requirements. It shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary
condition at all times to the satisfaction of the S.O./ Ministry of Health (MOH)/
Local Authority. All wastewater must be treated such that its effluent meets
the requirements of all existing legislation and regulations.

(vii)

A separate area shall be provided for cooking.

(viii) Water used for consumption shall be obtained directly from water authority
mains. Where such water supply is not available, potable water shall be
provided from sources approved by the S.O. Potable water shall comply with
the requirements of the guidelines issued by the MOH.
(ix)

The Contractor shall appoint a person to be responsible for keeping and

maintaining a register of the workmen and other persons occupying the site
accommodation.

(x)

No rearing of animals shall be allowed at the Site.

(xi)

Proper provision shall be made for the disposal of all waste and refuse.

29. Contractors Office And Storage

29.1

The Contractor shall provide and maintain on the Site in positions as approved by
the S.O. the following adequate, secure and weatherproof temporary building(s) for
use during the execution of the Contract.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

29.2

Office for Contractors use

Shed for storage of cement with the floor raised 300 mm above the ground.
Shed for bar-bending and similar Works
Store for chemical / hazardous substance
Store for other building materials
.

The Contractor shall store or stack at all times, all materials, tools, et cetera in a
safe and orderly manner so as not obstruct any passageway or place of work.

Insert other item if required

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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JKR 20800-0183-14
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29 Januari 2014
A/12

30. Office Accommodation For S.O.

30.1

The Contractor shall provide and maintain a site office for the use of the JKR
supervisory staff all in accordance with JKR design type as shown on the relevant
Drawings inclusive of all fittings and furniture as stated therein.

30.2

The Contractor is permitted to provide relocatable site office as an alternative to

the JKR design type. The quality of such relocatable site office shall be of
equivalent standard but not inferior to the JKR design type and shall be equipped
with similar fittings and furniture as indicated in the JKR design site office.

30.3

Where relocatable site office is to be provided, the Contractor shall submit details
of the relocatable site office together with his tender. Such details shall include the
name of the manufacturer, floor area and layout, list of fittings and furniture and
brochures (if available). The Contractor shall also indicate whether the proposed
site office is new or had been previously used.

30.4

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the office is to be sited, positioned and
constructed as approved by the S.O.

30.5

The Contractor is also permitted to rent a premise of equivalent floor area and
standard not inferior to the JKR design type and equipped with similar furniture,
fittings and equipment. Where a rented premise is to be provided, the Contractor
shall submit details, which shall include the layout and a list of furniture and fittings
to be provided to the S.O. for approval.

30.6

The Contractor shall make proper arrangement for and pay all charges in
connection with conservancy. The site office shall comply with local building bylaws. It shall be erected or provided by the Contractor and approved by the S.O.
within four (4) weeks from the date of possession of Site.

30.7

On completion of the Works, unless otherwise instructed, the site office with all
fittings and furniture shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be
removed from the Site forthwith.

31. Telephone For S.O.

31.1

The Contractor shall provide a telephone at the S.O.s site office for the sole use of
the S.O. and his representatives in connection with the supervision and
administration of the Contract and pay for all installation, rental, call charges and
disconnection.

31.2

The Contractor shall arrange for the installation of a permanent telephone line
including provision of internet access for the exclusive use of the S.O. and his
representatives in connection with the supervision and administration of the
Contract and pay for all installation, rental, call charges and disconnection.

31.3

Where a telephone exchange is not within practical distance, a mobile telephone

shall be provided and the Contractor shall pay for all charges.

Delete if not applicable.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
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29 Januari 2014
A/13

32. *Site Items For S.O./Office Equipment And Facilities

32.1

Safety Facilities
32.1.1

The Contractor shall provide the following items for the use of the S.O.
and his supervisory staff throughout the duration of the Contract which
comply with the DOSH requirements:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)

32.1.2
32.2

32.3

Safety boots
Safety helmets
Safety harness and life lines
Protective gloves
Safety goggles
Safety jackets of reflective type
Ear plugs and muffs
Dust masks
.
.

Suitable types of fire extinguishers shall be installed and maintained at

required locations on the Site throughout the Contract period.

Office Equipment And Facilities

32.2.1

The Contractor shall provide the equipment and facilities as listed in

APPENDIX A2 for the use of the S.O., his representatives and staff. All
equipment and facilities provided shall be new, delivered, tested and
installed within four (4) weeks from the date of possession of Site.

32.2.2

The facilities provided shall be maintained by the Contractor or his

appointed agent throughout the contract period until six (6) months after
the issuance of the Certificate of Practical Completion. Maintenance
shall include all necessary monthly servicing according to the
manufacturer specifications and supply of accessories and
consumables.

32.2.3

Upon six (6) months after the issuance of the Certificate of Practical
Completion, the equipment shall be returned to the Contractor.

32.2.4

If the Contractor fails to provide or maintain any equipment or facilities as

listed in APPENDIX A/2 the Government shall have the right to procure
the equipment from other sources or maintain it and all expenses arising
shall be borne by the Contractor and an appropriate adjustment shall be
made to the Contract Sum.

Transport Services For The S.O And His Staff

32.3.1

The Contractor shall provide suitable transportation service by means of

vehicle(s) including licensed and competent driver(s) as stipulated in
APPENDIX A/3.

32.3.2

The Contractor shall ensure that the vehicle(s) is/are in a good and well
maintained condition subject to certification from PUSPAKOM at every
six (6) months.

Insert other items if required.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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A/14

32.3.3

The vehicle(s) shall be in the custody of the Contractor at all times and
be readily available for the use of the S.O and his staff.

32.3.4

The Contractor shall provide comprehensive insurances to cover all

drivers and passengers, and ensure that all road tax is valid throughout
the period of service.

32.3.5

Replacement vehicle(s) shall be provided when the normal vehicle is not

available such as during periods of servicing, maintenance or repair. If
the Contractor fails to provide the required transport, the officer shall
have the option to arrange alternative transport and the Contractor shall
bear the expenses incurred.

32.3.6

Upon six (6) months after the issuance of the Certificate of Practical
Completion, the vehicle(s) shall be returned to the Contractor.

33. Material Testing Laboratory And Staff

33.1

Where specified, the Contractor shall provide a testing laboratory within the site
with a minimum floor area 60 m2 all in accordance with the relevant drawings
including water and electricity supply. The Laboratory shall be equipped with the
necessary equipment required to carry out the tests as identified in APPENDIX A/4
(List of Laboratory Equipment). The Contractor shall be responsible for the
maintenance of the Laboratory and all equipment including all necessary
calibration throughout the duration of the Contract. The laboratory may be jointly
used by the S.O. and the Contractor.

33.2

Alternatively the Contractor may rent a premise of equivalent floor area and
standard not inferior to that of the JKR specified type with similar fittings and
necessary equipment as identified in APPENDIX A/4.

33.3

All tests shall be carried out by qualified laboratory assistant(s) / technician(s) and
shall be witnessed and approved by the S.O.

33.4

Subject to the S.O.s approval, the Contractor may also propose an accredited
laboratory approved by SIRIM as an alternative to the construction of a testing
laboratory.

33.5

All works subject to laboratory test shall not be permitted to commence until the
laboratory and necessary equipment have been provided or the accredited
laboratory has been approved by the S.O.

33.6

All equipment shall be returned to the Contractor six (6) months after the issuance
of the Certificate of Practical Completion.

34. Survey Instruments And Personnel

The Contractor shall provide for the sole use of the S.O. and his staff all such instruments,
equipment and survey personnel as may be required until six (6) months after the issuance
of the Certificate of Practical Completion. The Contractor shall ensure that all instruments
and equipment are maintained in good working condition at all times.

Delete if not applicable

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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35. Safe Working Area

35.1

The Contractor shall supply, erect, maintain and remove on completion of the
Works, adequate, protective and security hoarding and such other safety measures
necessary to ensure the safety of the public and others who may be on or within
the vicinity of the Site.

35.2

The Contractor shall supply, erect and dismantle scaffolding and working platform
with safety nettings by competent person(s) under the direct supervision of a
designated person under the relevant Act.

35.3

For construction works above 15 m high, the Contractor shall submit scaffolding
and working platform design certified by a P.E. to the S.O.

35.4

The Contractor shall supply, erect, maintain and dismantle catch platform during
demolition of structure or other related exterior works at more than 12 m high and
shall be constructed and maintained not more than 6 m below the storey from
which the demolition works are being carried out. Such platform shall be designed
and certified by a P.E. for safety prior to erection. Catch platform shall not be used
for storage of material or be used as working platforms or walkways.

35.5

The Contractor shall erect, maintain and remove safety barricades, fencing, railing,
screen wire netting and toe board for maintaining safe working environment during
the works.

35.6

The Contractor shall provide, maintain and remove guardrails or board fences and
temporary foot walks with adequate overhead protection for public walkways and
thoroughfares during the Works.

35.7

The Contractor shall cordon off working areas and provide public control and safety
measures where lifting operations, moving, shifting, transferring works are carried
out outside the hoarded up area of the worksite.
The Contractor shall provide and maintain safe working conditions with sufficient
illumination wherever persons are required to work or pass. For passageways,
stairways and landings, the illumination shall be not less than 50 lux.

35.8

35.9

The Contractor shall ensure that all electrical and mechanical tools and equipment
are inspected by a competent or designated person where relevant.

35.10

The Contractor shall hold a valid certificate of fitness for steam boiler, unfired
pressure vessel or hoisting machine other than a hoisting machine driven by
manual power so long as such machineries remain in service.

35.11

For work in confined spaces, the Contractor shall;

35.11.1

Ensure that closed tanks with restricted means of entry and exit, open
manholes, trenches, pipes, flues, ducts, ceiling voids, basements and
other places where there is inadequate ventilation and/or the air is either
contaminated or oxygen deficient, be tested before entry to determine
that there are adequate levels of oxygen present, and that dangerous
amounts of flammable and or poisonous gases are not present.

35.11.2

Establish a safe work system and adopt entry permit system for workers
who will be carrying out their work in confined spaces.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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36. Safety, Health And Welfare

36.1

The Contractor shall be required to provide a complete First Aid Kit as stated under
Factory and Machinery (Safety, Health And Welfare) Regulation 1970 which shall
be kept and properly maintained in the Contractors site office. The kit shall be in
the charge of either the Contractors site representative or some other responsible
person who shall be on the Site during all working hours to ensure that the first aid
facilities are available without delay at all times when Works is in progress. At least
one (1) designated person of the Contractors staff shall be trained in first aid
duties.

36.2

The Contractor shall refrain from dumping and/or depositing any form of materials
that are capable of collecting water which afford breeding places for mosquitoes,
rodents, insects and vermin of any kind. All excavation and any portion of the site
where water stagnates or accumulates shall be kept dry by pumping, bailing or
other operations. The Contractor shall pay all charges as may be required by the
MOH and/or Local Authority and employ whatever destructive measures as are
necessary.

36.3

All Works shall be carried out without unreasonable noise level and dust emission.
The Contractor shall take measures to ensure that all equipment and machinery
are in proper working condition so as to minimize the amount of noise and dust
generated. The S.O. may require the Contractor to submit a proposal on how to
reduce excessive noise and dust.

36.4

The Contractor is prohibited from discharging oil and grease to any water course.
Storage tanks for oil and grease shall be placed on concrete base with upstand
edges to contain any spillage. Any spilled oil and grease shall be promptly
removed by the Contractor. The Contractor shall collect and store used oil, grease
and other scheduled wastes and dispose these according to methods approved by
DOE.

36.5

Where the contract period is more than six weeks, the Contractor shall register with
DOSH within seven (7) days after commencement of Works.

36.6

All safety measures shall be carried out in accordance with Occupational Safety
and Health Act (OSHA) 1994 and relevant local by-laws. The Contractor shall be
held solely responsible for all accidents arising from any negligence in this respect.
The Contractor shall employ throughout the entire contract period a competent and
qualified person as Safety and Health Practitioner as below:
(i)
(ii)

Site Safety Supervisor (SSS) to be stationed minimum 15 hours a week for all
projects.
Safety and Health Officer (SHO) to be stationed full time for contracts worth
more than RM20 million.

36.7

The Contractor shall ensure all sub-contractors who employ more than 20 persons
shall appoint a Contractor Safety Supervisor (CSS) to be stationed minimum 5
hours a week;

36.8

The Contractor shall submit Safety and Health Plan (S-Plan) in writing duly signed
by the Director of the company to the S.O. within one (1) month after the receipt of
the Letter of Acceptance. The S-Plan shall be as per APPENDIX A/5. The
Contractor shall submit revised S-Plan whenever required.

36.9

The Contractor shall form a Safety and Health Committee in accordance with the
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996 and organise meetings at
minimum once in every three (3) months.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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36.10

The Contractor shall conduct Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) related
training and programmes for the workmen including sub-contractors.

36.11

The Contractor shall carry out site safety and health inspections and submit
monthly safety and health reports to the S.O. in accordance with APPENDIX A/6.

36.12

The Contractor shall provide and maintain safety and health statistic scoreboard at
the entrance of site office and workplace.

36.13

The Contractor shall provide and maintain adequate traffic safety signage, warning
signs and warning lights at place of Works and close proximity to public.

36.14

The Contractor shall provide and maintain traffic control by competent persons
including provision of flagmen where Works is in close proximity to public roads.

36.15

The Contractor shall carry out site safety and health audits as per DOSH
requirements and/or instructed by the S.O.

37. Sanitation
37.1

The Contractor shall provide and maintain sufficient temporary toilets at

appropriate locations on site as approved by the S.O. Toilets shall be complete
with adequate water closets, urinals, hand-basins with proper sanitary system and
maintained in a clean and sanitary condition in accordance with the requirements
of the MOH.

37.2

All wastewater must be treated such that its discharged effluent meets the
requirements of all existing legislation and regulations.

38. Waste Management

38.1

The contractor shall ensure all waste generated on site shall be managed in
accordance with the Solid Waste And Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 and
Environmental Quality Act 1974 as follows:
(i)

The Contractor shall submit in the approved format the Construction Waste
Management Plan (CWMP) to the S.O. for approval within fourteen (14) days
from the date of site possession.
(ii) The Contractor shall provide Roll-On Roll Off (RORO) for construction waste
and Mobile Garbage Bin (MGB) for domestic waste
(iii) The Contractor shall provide a minimum of one (1) location on site for
segregation and collection of construction and domestic waste.
(iv) The Contractor shall appoint a licensed contractor(s) to collect the
construction waste, scheduled waste and domestic waste from the site to
approved locations for disposal or to recycle the waste.

39. Environmental Protection Works

39.1

Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

39.1.1 The Contractor shall prepare the EMP for the following situations:
(i)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Projects worth more than RM20 Million including earthworks.

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(ii)

Project sites located in Environmental Sensitive Area (ESA) as

defined in the National Physical Plan by Jabatan Perancangan
Bandar dan Desa (JPBD).
(iii) Projects where Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been
carried out.

39.1.2 The EMP shall be prepared by a registered environmental consultant and

submitted to the S.O. for approval within fourteen (14) days from the date
of possession of Site. The EMP shall be concise, up to date and site
specific. The EMP shall make reference to the following but not limited to:
(i)
(ii)

DOE format for the preparation of EMPs.

The approved EIA report and conditions imposed (if any).

39.1.3 The Contractor shall submit the following documents as per TABLE A1 to
the S.O. for approval:
TABLE A1: SUBMISSION OF DOCUMENTS
Documents
EMP
Environmental Quality
Report (EQR)
Environmental Monitoring
And Audit Report
(EMAR)
Closure Audit Report
(CAR)

No. Of
Copies

Reporting Frequency

Timing

Once only ( to be
updated when necessary)

Within 14 days from the

date of possession of site

Monthly

14 days after monitoring*

Quarterly

14 days after audit *

Once Only

14 days prior to issuance

of Certificate of Practical
Completion*

Note * to be carried out by registered environmental consultant

39.2 Environmental Officer (E.O)

39.2.1 The Contractor shall appoint a person to be responsible to ensure the
implementation of the EMP and to monitor and report on the site
compliance on a daily basis.

40. Water And Air Quality, Noise And Vibration Control

40.1

The Contractor shall carry out monitoring of water and air quality, noise and
vibration as indicated in the EMP and tests to be carried out by accredited
laboratories. Parameters to be tested are as specified in TABLE A2 (APPENDIX
A/7).

40.2 Air Quality

40.2.1 The Contractor is not allowed to carry out open burning of cleared
vegetation, debris and construction waste et cetera, shall not be allowed
unless prior approval is obtained from the Director General of the DOE.
40.2.2 The Contractor shall provide suitable spraying equipment for regular
spraying of water over the existing roads, tracks and access roads, near
settlements, completed as well as incomplete road and other barren areas
of the site used by the contractor especially during the dry season or as and
when directed by the S.O.
@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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A/19

40.2.3 When the Contractors trucks or equipment utilizes public or private

roadways, all dirt and materials shall be removed from the trucks/
equipment by hosing, lorry wash-trough, et cetera before leaving the site.
40.2.4 The Contractor shall provide for the prompt removal of all dirt and other
materials spilled from his or his sub-contractors vehicles on public or
private roadways.
40.2.5 For Contractors trucks carrying sand, aggregates, earth and other loose
construction materials liable to spillage, tarpaulin must be used to cover
such open trucks when passing through villages and settlements or on all
roadways.
40.2.6 The Contractor shall also ensure dust control at quarry / batching plant (if
any) complies with environmental requirement as stipulated in the
Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations, 1978.
40.3 Vibration Control
40.3.1 The Contractor shall ensure that at any time, the vibration levels resulting
from his works at or across real property boundary should not exceed the
Recommended Limit as Specified in TABLE A2 (APPENDIX A/7). No
person unless duly authorized by law or carrying our legitimate duties shall
use explosives or results in explosions which create a vibration disturbance
across a real property boundary or on a public space or right of way.
40.3.2 The Contractor shall comply with the general recommendations set out in
DOE Interim Planning Guidelines for Vibration Limits and Control in the
Environment together with any specific requirements described in the
Contract.
40.3.3 The Contractor shall indemnify and keep indemnified the Government, S.O.
and the S.O.s Representatives against any liability for damages on account
of vibration disturbance created while or in carrying out of the works and
from and against all claims, demands, proceedings, damages, costs
charges and expenses whatever in regard or in relation to such liability.

41. Nominated Sub-contractors

41.1

The Contractor shall allow in his tender price for attendance and facilities upon all
Nominated Sub-contractors. Such attendance and facilities shall include the
following:
(i)

Ascertaining from Nominated Sub-contractors all particulars relating to their

work in regard to sizes and positions in which chases, holes, mortices, et
cetera are required to be formed or left.

(ii)

Making good of walls, ceilings, floors, roofs, et cetera and finishes thereto
including touching up of all paintwork necessitated, damaged or disturbed by
the Nominated Sub-contractors work.

(iii) Supplying all setting out information.

(iv) Giving all necessary dimensions and taking responsibility for their accuracy.
(v)

Affording free and full use of standing scaffolding whilst it remains erected on
the Site.

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(vi) Affording free and full use of storage accommodation for materials, equipment
and plant which are for incorporation into the Works and/or which require
protection against weather and deterioration, messrooms, sanitary and welfare
facilities.
(vii) Providing site space only for Nominated Sub-contractors temporary office,
workshops, workmens accommodation and storage of materials, tools, plant
and equipment which are not for incorporation into the Works and not requiring
protection against weather or deterioration.
(viii) Providing temporary water supply, electric power supply, artificial lighting and
paying all fees and charges for fuel, water and electricity consumed including
for testing and commissioning of the whole Nominated Sub-contractors works.
(ix) Liaising with the relevant supply/service authorities for the expeditious
installation of the connections for permanent water and electricity supplies in
the Works making available such supplies to the Nominated Sub-contractors;
and paying all fees and charges for such installation, deposits for such
supplies/services on behalf of the Government. All such payments made, shall
be reimbursed to the Contractor on production of receipted bills.
(x)

Providing competent personnel in compliance with the latest Electricity

Regulations to take responsibility for the operation of the electrical installation
from the time the permanent electricity supply is made available until testing,
commissioning and handing over of the Works.

(xi) Protecting, watching and taking full responsibility for all Nominated Subcontractors work and unfixed materials and goods intended for use thereon.
(xii) Removing rubbish and debris off the Site and cleaning the Works internally and
externally.
41.2

It is deemed that the Nominated Sub-contractor shall include in the sub-contract

Sum, inter alia, the costs in connection with the following:
(i)

Unloading, getting in, storing and all handling and hoisting of these materials,
plant and tools into required positions.

(ii)

Providing, erecting, maintaining and removing of all his temporary office,

workshops and workmens accommodation including paying all assessment
and other charges.

(iii) Connecting to temporary water and power supplies made available by the
Contractor for the execution of the Works, supplying and running distribution
pipes, hoses, cables, leads, electrical gear, et cetera but excluding payment for
water and electricity consumed.
(iv) Provision of fuel, gas, steam, oil lubricants, chemicals and everything else
necessary (other than water and electricity) for the test running and
commissioning of the Sub-contract Works.
(v)

Any scaffolding, staging, et cetera that are required for the Sub-contract Works
not covered by sub-section 41.1(v) above.

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42. Nominated Suppliers

The Contractor shall allow in his tender, price for attendance upon all Nominated Suppliers
which is to include taking delivery, unloading, setting in, checking and accepting delivery,
returning empties, handling, storing and hoisting of the materials/goods supplied by the
Nominated Suppliers. Packing and carriage to Site shall be borne by the Nominated
Supplier unless specifically stated to the contrary.

43. Coordination Of Mechanical And Electrical Services

43.1

General
This section shall describe the scope of works, qualifications, competency, roles and
responsibilities of the Mechanical and Electrical (M & E) Services Coordination
Team.

43.2

43.3

Scope Of Work
43.2.1

The Contractor shall be responsible for coordinating the implementation of

all M & E works and related activities within the project scope. For this
purpose the Contractor shall appoint M & E Services Coordinators full
time on site during the whole duration of the works. The appointment shall
be approved by the S.O.

43.2.2

The Contractor shall ensure all M & E requirements are implemented in a

timely manner and adequately integrated with all services involved such
as architectural, structural and other related services.

43.2.3

The Contractor shall conduct regular coordination meetings among all

sub-contractors, nominated or otherwise, from related disciplines to
evaluate and resolve all issues or problems regarding integration and
coordination of all services.

Minimum Requirement Of M & E Services Coordinator Based On Project Cost As

Followed:
Project Cost (RM)
between 10 to 50 million
more than 50 million

Minimum Requirement Of M & E Coordinator

1 Engineer & 1 CoW
1 Engineer & 2 CoW

43.4 Qualification And Competency Of M & E Coordinators

43.4.1 Engineer
Degree in related engineering field with minimum three (3) years of
working experience in building construction.
43.4.2 Clerk of Works (CoW)
Diploma in related engineering field with minimum five (5) years of
working experience in building construction.

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43.5 Responsibilities Of M & E Services Coordinator

43.5.1 The M & E Services Coordinator shall be responsible, on behalf of the
Contractor for :
(i)

Guiding the overall M & E works and implementation of related

activities within the project scope and providing timely and relevant
information.
(ii) Ensuring that all layout, schematic, detail and Builders Work in
Connection (BWIC) drawings (for architectural, structural,
mechanical and electrical works) are received from the S.O.
(iii) Supervising all the installation and construction works to ensure the
works are sufficiently coordinated.
(iv) Identifying and resolving issues or problems related to integration
and coordination of services by producing coordinated services
drawing, new method of installation and et cetera.

44. Keeping The Site Tidy

44.1

The Contractor shall make every effort to keep the Site in a reasonably clean and
tidy condition for the duration of the Works. He shall, in addition, from time to time
and on the completion of any area of the Works or where directed by the S.O.,
remove rubbish, surplus materials, or any other construction debris from such areas
as may be attributable to his work under this Contract and generally maintain the
Site in a satisfactory condition, to the approval of the S.O.

44.2

The Contractor shall gather up and clear away all rubbish as it accumulates during
the progress of the Works at least twice each week at times approved by the S.O.
The services shall be continued until the completion of the Works. Garbage or
construction waste shall be disposed in a locally available landfill or hauled to
disposal sites approved by the S.O.

45. As-built Drawings

45.1

The Contractor shall provide and deliver to the S.O. approved As-built drawings
after completion of each section of the Works in the form of :
(i)

Four (4) sets of As-built drawings as actually constructed pertaining to the

Works including all services and facilities systems and all supporting
documents such as Operation and Maintenance Manual, Testing and
Commissioning Certificates. All As-built drawings for building works shall show
the immovable asset registration coding in accordance with the Governments
Immovable Asset Code System (Sistem Kod Aset Tak Alih - SKATA).
(ii) Four (4) sets of Digital Copies in AutoCAD (.dwg) format to be stored in
compact discs or removable storage.
(iii) Four (4) sets of Digital Copies in Acrobat (.pdf) format to be stored in compact
discs or removable storage.

45.2

The As-built drawings supplied shall be comprehensive and to the satisfaction of the
S.O. as to allow for a complete understanding of the Works as they were actually
built incorporating all Works arising from variations, expenditure of Provisional Sums
and Prime Cost Sums.

45.3

The
As-built
drawings
shall
be
endorsed
by
a
Professional
Architect/Engineer/Surveyor registered with the respective Professional Boards in
Malaysia.

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SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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46. Clearing, Cleaning And Making Good On Completion

46.1

The Contractor shall ensure the existing roadside drains bounding the Site are clear
of any building debris, earth, et cetera, at all times before handing over of the Works
to the S.O. upon completion.

46.2

Upon completion of the Works, the Contractor shall remove and clear away from
Site all temporary buildings, temporary works, temporary installation and equipment,
and ensure the Site is in a clean and tidy condition.

46.3

Before handing over of the Works, the Contractor shall scrub all floors, pavings,
staircases et cetera and clean out all gutters, gulleys, manholes, sumps and drains.
The Contractor shall also clean all glass panes and leave every part of the
completed Works included in this Contract in a clean, sound and tidy condition to
the approval of the S.O.

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SECTION A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
JKR MALAYSIA

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APPENDIX A/1

LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS

1. BS 5228: Code of Practice for Noise control on Construction and Demolition Site
2. Construction Industry Development Board Act, 1994
3. Electricity Regulations, 1994
4. Electricity Supply Act, 1990
5. Environmental Quality Act (EQA), 1974
6. Explosives Act, 1957
7. Factory and Machinery Act (FMA), 1967 Rev 2006 and Regulations under the Act.
8. Federal Territory (Planning) Act 1982 (Act 267)
9. Fire Services Act, 1988
10. Forestry Act 1984 (Act 313)
11. Guidelines For Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment And Risk Control, 2008, DOSH
12. Guidelines for Public Safety and Health at Construction Sites, 2007, DOSH
13. Guidelines for the Prevention of Falls at Workplaces, 2007, DOSH
14. Guidelines On Occupational Safety And Health In Tunnel Construction, 1998, DOSH
15. Guidelines on Occupational Vibration, 2003, DOSH
16. Industry Code of Practice for Safe Working in A Confined Space, 2010, DOSH
17. Irrigation Areas Act, 1953
18. Land Conservation Act 1960 (Act 385)
19. Local Government Act, 1976
20. MS 2318: Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildings, 2010
21. National Land Code (Act 56 of 1965)
22. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), 1994 and Regulations under the Act.
23. Protection of Wildlife Act, 1972 (Act 76)
24. Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 (Act 672)
25. Standard OHSAS 18001
26. Street, Drainage and Building Act, 1974
27. Street, Drainage and Building Act, 1974: Act 133 and Amendment, 1978
28. The Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Standards) Regulations 1987
29. Town and Country Planning Act 1976, (Act 172)
30. Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL), 1984
31. Workers Minimum Amenities Act 1990 (Act 446)

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APPENDIX A/2

LIST OF S.O.S FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

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APPENDIX A/3

LIST OF S.O.S TRANSPORT SERVICES

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APPENDIX A/4

LIST OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

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APPENDIX A/5

REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY AND HEALTH PLAN (S-PLAN)

1. Project Introduction and Scope of Works associated with OSH;
2. Contractors Authorised and Updated OSH Policy;
3. Contractors Organisation Chart and Safety And Health Committee (SHC) Chart which
shall describing the staff involved including list of duties and responsibilities;
4. Communication, Consultation and Involvement of each member of the Contractors
project team as shown in the Item (c), including their relationship, interfacings and
cooperation of workmen for successful implementation of the project. The planning
shall taking account control of any OSH related complaints, advice, OSH programmes
and awareness, SHC meetings schedule, and solving OSH related issues;
5. Contractors Authorised Updated Compliance List on OSH Legislation and Other
Related Requirements;
6. List of Prohibited foods and drinks including drugs and medicines;
7. List of Personal Protective Equipment at Works;
8. Schedule of OSH Trainings and Programmes to all workmen including sub-Contractor;
9. Emergency Response Plan;
10. Safe Work System on Temporary Electricity Installation Works;
11. Safe Operational Procedures;
12. Format of Incident investigation report;
13. Format of Daily Reporting on Incident Statistic;
14. Chemical Safety Data Sheets or Material Safety Data Sheets;
15. Health Precaution on workmen: Medical Report (Health Surveillance), noise
prevention;
16. Sanitation for workmen;
17. Safety Signage and Traffic Control;
18. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC);

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APPENDIX A/6

REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY AND HEALTH REPORT

1. Related OSH programme;
2. Incident statistic from daily notification of any accidents, near misses, lost time injuries,
death and ill-health with actions taken; in accordance with OSH (Notification of Accident,
Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease) Regulations
2004. The Contractor shall be held solely responsible for all incidents arising from any
negligence in this respect;
3. Related OSH issues on complaints, Non-compliance, damages and actions taken;
4. Status on S-Plan and HIRARC;
5. List of workmen permit, CIDB Green Card, tools and machineries;
6. Traffic and other related safety control.

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APPENDIX A/7

TABLE A2 : ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS TO BE COMPLIED WITH BY THE

CONTRACTOR

Aspects

Soil loss

Soil

Water

Parameter

1,2

Air3

Turbidity
Suspended
Solid
Biochemical
Oxygen
Demand 5 @
20C (BOD)5
Chemical
Oxygen
Demand
(COD)
pH

JKR EMS Set Target

Environment Quality
(Sewage) Regulations,
2009

National Water
Quality Standards
(NWQS)

Standard A

Standard B

Class IIA

Class IIB

Minimum earthwork
Phase construction
6 berms/benches
for slopes ( 6m per
berm) Reuse topsoil
200 NTU

50 NTU

100 mg/l

50 mg/l

100 mg/l

50 mg/l

50 mg/l

20 mg/l

50 mg/l

3 mg/l

100 mg/l

120 mg/l

200 mg/l

25 mg/l

5.5 9

69

5.5 9

6-9
100
counts/
100ml

400
counts /
100 ml

E-Coli

400 counts /
100 ml

Dissolved
Oxygen(DO)

4 mg/l

5-7 mg/l

Oil and Grease

10 mg/l

5 mg/l

10mg/l

40 g /l, N

Ammoniacal
Nitrogen (river)

10 mg/l

20mg/l

0.3 mg /l

Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) (24hr)

Particulate Matter (PM10) (24hr)

Noise4

Equivalent Noise Level (Leq), L10, L90

Vibration5

Vertical Vibration Peak Velocity (mm/s)

260 g/m /day

3
150 g/m /day

Receiving Land Use (residential)

Day time (7.00 am 7.00 pm )
L90 60 dBA; L10 75 dBA; Lmax 90 dBA;
Evening (7.00 pm 10.00 pm)
L90 55 dBA; L10 70 dBA; Lmax 85 dBA;
Night time (10.00 pm 7.00 am)
Noise Sensitive Areas : LAeq 40 dBA
Suburban Areas : LAeq 45 dBA
Urban Areas : LAeq 50 dBA
Not more than 3 mm/s at receiver location or
across real property boundary.

Reference:
nd

1) 2 Schedule (Regulation 7), Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009, Environmental Quality Act 1974.
(i) Standard A: For location with downstream water intake
(ii) Standard B: For location with no downstream water intake
2) National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia
(i) Class IIA: Water Supply II conventional treatment required
a) Fishery II sensitive aquatic species
(ii) Class IIB: Recreational use with body contact
3) Recommended Malaysian Guidelines on Ambient Air Quality
4) Schedule 1 & Schedule 6, Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits & Control, (DOE, 2004)
5) Planning Guidelines for Vibration Limits and Control of the Environment (DOE, 2004)
Note: N - No visible floatable materials or debris or no objectionable odour, or no objectionable taste

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION B: EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

7.

General
Site Clearing, Grubbing And Stripping Topsoil
Demolition Of Existing Structures
Relocation Of Existing Utilities And Services
Excavation Works

B/1
B/1
B/2
B/2
B/2

TABLE B1 : Grading Limits Of Materials For Replacement

Of Excavated Material

B/6

Filling Works

B/8

TABLE B2 : Frequency Of Control Test For Earth

Embankment

B/11

Protection And Maintenance For Erosion Control

B/13

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EARTHWORKS
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1. General
1.1

This work shall consist of all the required excavation within the limits of the Works. It
shall include the removal and proper utilization and hauling, or disposal of all
excavated materials, and constructing, shaping and finishing of all earthworks over
the entire extent of the Works, in conformity with the Drawings and these
Specifications.

1.2

The excavation and earthworks shall be executed in such a manner and order as
approved by the S.O. The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with bylaws and regulations relating to earthworks.

1.3

Excavation in rock and/or hard material shall respectively be measured and paid for
as extra over to excavation and earthworks in accordance with the Provisional B.Q.
The Contractor shall give reasonable notice to the S.O. to examine, classify the
excavation and to take measurement prior to breaking up.

1.4

For contract based on Specifications and Drawings, unless otherwise provided in

the Contract, for the purpose of pricing the excavation and earthworks, the whole
excavation shall be assumed to be without rock and/or hard material as defined
hereunder.

1.5

For contract based on Quantities, the pricing shall be in accordance with the B.Q.

1.6

Computation of volume of rock excavation for payment shall be based on nett

volume excavated as shown on the Drawings.

1.7

The Contractor shall comply with all statutory requirements and regulations such as
payment of royalties and environmental protection for removal of unsuitable material
and borrow materials.

2. Site Clearing, Grubbing And Stripping Topsoil

2.1

This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil in the areas within
the limits of Works designated hereunder and/or shown on the Drawings and/or
directed by the S.O., and of clearing only in other areas designated hereunder
and/or shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., all as specified herein
and as required by the S.O. The work shall also include the demolition and disposal
of structures in the said areas, except where otherwise provided for in the Contract,
as specified herein and as required by the S.O.
2.1.1

Site clearing
Clearing shall consist of cutting and/or taking down, removal and disposal
of everything above ground level, including objects such as walls, fences,
drains and other obstructions, except such trees, vegetation, structures or
parts of structures and other things which are designated in the Contract to
remain, to be protect as satisfied under SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND
TURFING WORKS. The material to be cleared shall include but not
necessarily be limited to trees, stumps (parts above ground), logs,
brushwood, undergrowth, long grasses, crops, loose vegetable matter and
structures (except those structures whose removal or clearance is
otherwise provided for in the Contract). Clearing shall also include levelling
of obsolete dikes, terraces, ditches, et cetera, unless otherwise directed by
the S.O.

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SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND

EARTHWORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

2.1.2

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Grubbing
Grubbing shall consist of removal and disposal of surface vegetation, bases
of stumps, roots, underground parts of structures, and other obstructions to
a depth of at least 0.50 m below ground level, with the agreement of the
S.O.

2.1.3

Stripping topsoil
Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of topsoil to an average depth
of at least 100 mm below ground level, and its stockpiling for use in the
Works, and/or its disposal, as directed by the S.O.

2.1.4

Disposal
All materials resulting from site clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall
be removed and disposed of as approved by the S.O. in accordance with
Environmental Quality Act 1974(Act 127) and Solid Waste and Public
Cleansing Management Act 2007 (Act 672).

3. Demolition Of Existing Structures

3.1

Major structures are those which cannot practicably be cleared by bulldozer and/or
hydraulic excavator, whose demolition requires pneumatic tools, explosives and/or
other specialized equipment. A brief description of each major structure (if any) and
depth to which extent it shall be demolished is given in the B.Q.

3.2

All fences, buildings, structures, and encumbrances of any character within the
limits of the limits of the Works, except those to be removed by others or designated
to remain, shall be demolished and removed by the Contractor.

3.3

Materials designated in the Contract or directed by the S.O. to be salvaged, shall be

carefully removed and stored, and shall be the property of the Government.

4. Relocation Of Existing Utilities And Services

4.1

The Contractor's attention is specially drawn to his responsibilities under the Clause
headed Damage to Property' of the Condition of Contract.

4.2

Before commencing on any excavation, the Contractor or his representative shall

accompany the S.O. on a site inspection to identify the presence of underground
cables, water or other service pipes at or in the vicinity of such excavation.
Thereafter, the Contractor shall carry out the excavation work in a manner and
sequence as approved by the S.O.

4.3

If during excavation, the Contractor's workmen uncover any cables, water or other
service pipes, work shall be stopped immediately and shall not be again started until
the matter has been reported to the S.O. who will notify the appropriate local
authority, and subsequently issue whatever directions he deemed appropriate.

5. Excavation Works
5.1

General Requirements
5.1.1

The work shall include the excavation of all types of material, backfilling,
compaction, forming embankments and slopes, et cetera, as is necessary

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SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND

EARTHWORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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for the completion of the works up to the formation levels, in accordance

with the lines, grades, dimensions, shapes and typical cross-sections
shown on the Drawings and to the approval of the S.O.

5.2

5.1.2

The Contractor shall provide where necessary temporary water courses,

ditches, drains, pumping or other means of maintaining the earthworks free
from water. Such provision shall include carrying out the work of forming
the cuttings and embankments in such a manner that their surfaces have
at all times a sufficient gradient to enable them to shed water and prevent
water ponding.

5.1.3

In pumping water out from excavation and in the lowering of water table
the Contractor shall pay due regard to the stability and settlement of all
structures.

5.1.4

Adequate means for trapping silt shall be provided on all temporary

drainage systems. Similar arrangements shall be made for all earthworks
including excavation whether for pile trenches, foundations or cuttings.

5.1.5

Should the surface of completed areas be damaged by erosion or by any

other causes, the Contractor shall at his own cost make good such areas
to the approval of the S.O.

5.1.6

The Contractor shall exercise care in preventing wastage of suitable

material needed for embankment or fill construction.

Definitions
5.2.1

Formation level
Formation level means the final earthwork level after cutting or filling.

5.2.2

Common excavation
Common excavation shall mean excavation in any materials which are not
rock or hard materials as defined in sub-sections 5.2.5 and 5.2.6.

5.2.3

Unsuitable materials
5.2.3.1

Unsuitable materials shall include:

(i)

Running silt, peat, logs, stumps, roots, grass and other

vegetable matter, perishable or toxic material, slurry or
mud; or
(ii) Organic clay and organic silt; or
(iii) Any material
a)
b)
c)

5.2.3.2

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

which is susceptible to spontaneous combustion; or

which is clay having a liquid limit exceeding 80%
and/or a plasticity index exceeding 55%; or
which has a loss of weight greater than 2.5% on
ignition.

Materials that are soft or unstable merely because they are too
wet or too dry for effective compaction shall not to be classified
as unsuitable, unless otherwise classified by the S.O.

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5.2.4

5.2.5

5.2.6

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Suitable materials
5.2.4.1

Suitable materials shall mean those materials other than the

unsuitable materials defined in sub-section 5.2.3.

5.2.4.2

General fill shall generally comprise of suitable materials made up

of either cohesive soil or cohesion less soil or mixture of both.
The classification of cohesive and cohesion less soil shall be
based on Soil Classification System set out in the latest MS 1056:
Site Investigation.

5.2.4.3

Special fill shall comprise of material, which would otherwise be

classified as general fill but which contains durable well-graded
natural sand and gravel or crushed rock, other than argillaceous
rock, or durable clean crushed demolition rubble of similar particle
size and free from any contaminants.

Hard material
5.2.5.1

This shall mean any hard material which can be excavated using
an excavator with minimum weight of 44 tonnes and nett
horsepower rating of 321 brake horsepower with production rate
not exceeding 50 m3 / hour. The excavator unit is to be in good
condition and operated by experienced personnel.

5.2.5.2

Hard material shall exclude individual masses less than 0.5 m3.

5.2.5.3

Trial excavation shall be carried out using the above equipment to

determine hard material. The trial excavation shall be carried out
on a flat platform in order to develop the rated horsepower at
maximum efficiency.

Rock
5.2.6.1

Rock shall mean material found in ledges or masses which can

be excavated using the following equipment with production rate
not exceeding 20 m3 / hour:
(i)

Track-type tractor (dozer)

Equipment with minimum weight of 37 tonnes and nett
horsepower rating of 305 brake horsepower or more (D8R or
equivalent). The tractor unit is to be in good condition and
operated by experienced personnel skilled in the use of
ripping equipment; and

(ii)

Ripping unit
The ripper to be attached to the above mentioned tractor
shall have a minimum penetration force of 120 kN. The
ripper shall have a single shank in good working condition
with sharpened cutting point.

5.2.6.2

Trial excavation shall be carried out using the above equipment to

determine rock.

5.2.6.3

Boulders or detached pieces shall only be regarded as rock if

they individually exceed 0.5 m3. For determination of the volume
of individual boulder, diameters of the boulder in three (3)
orthogonal directions shall be taken. The average of the three (3)

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diameters shall be used to calculate the volume of boulder.

Records of measurements and photographs shall be taken and
kept to support the calculation of the volume of boulder.
5.3

Dimensional Tolerances
Slopes in cutting shall be trimmed mechanically to neat and even surfaces which
shall have gradients not steeper than that shown on the Drawings. Widths of
excavations shall not exceed the dimensions shown on the Drawings by more than
300 mm with encumbrance free to complete the Work, unless otherwise approved
by the S.O.

5.4

Separation And Stockpiling Of Suitable Material

Where excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable materials, the
Contractor shall, wherever the S.O. considers it practicable, carry out the excavation
in such a manner that the suitable materials are excavated separately for use in the
Works without contamination by the unsuitable materials.

5.5

5.6

5.7

Removal Of Excavated Material From Site

5.5.1

Trial pit shall be carried out prior to removal of material to be excavated to

confirm water table and depth of excavation.

5.5.2

No excavated material shall be removed from the Site except on the

direction or with the approval of the S.O. Should the Contractor be permitted
to remove suitable materials from the Site to suit his operational procedure,
then he shall make good any consequent deficit of fill material arising there
from, at his own expense. Unless designated dump sites have been shown
on the Drawings, the Contractor shall dispose of surplus suitable material at
his own dump areas outside the Site as approved by the S.O.

Removal Of Unsuitable Material

5.6.1

Trial pit shall be carried out prior to removal of material to be excavated to

confirm water table and depth of excavation.

5.6.2

Unsuitable material shall be excavated to such depth and over such area
as shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O. and be transported
and disposed off in an approved manner. Unless approval of the S.O. to
dump and spread the unsuitable material within the Site is obtained, the
Contractor shall be responsible for providing his own dump site for such
unsuitable material.

Replacement Of Excavated Material Under Standing Water

Where it is decided by the S.O. that replacement of excavated material shall be
done under standing water, voids created due to removal of excavated material
shall be backfilled with hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or sand having
grading within the respective limits specified in TABLE B1.

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TABLE B1: GRADING LIMITS OF MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT OF EXCAVATED

MATERIAL
B.S. Sieve Size
Crushed Rock or Gravel
63.0 mm
37.5 mm
20.0 mm
10.0 mm
Sand
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
1.18 mm
300 m
150 m

5.8

% Passing By Weight
100
85 100
0 20
05
100
90 100
45 80
10 30
2 - 10

Sides Of Excavation
The Contractor shall ensure that at all times, the sides of the excavation are
maintained in a safe and stable condition, and shall be responsible for the adequate
provision of all shoring and strutting including sheet piling required for this purpose.
All temporary works shall comply with the requirements of BS 5975.

5.9

5.10

Widening Cuts
5.9.1

The S.O. may instruct the Contractor or the Contractor himself may elect to
obtain material for the Works by widening cuts. In the latter case, the
Contractor shall first request permission in writing from the S.O.

5.9.2

Widening of cuts shall not be permitted beyond the limits of the road
reserve.

5.9.3

Any additional costs and time incurred that resulted from widening cuts shall
be borne by the Contractor.

Excavation Of Rock
5.10.1 Rock excavation shall be carried out by methods appropriate to site
requirements as approved by the S.O. As far as is practicable the
Contractor shall not use blasting methods for excavations.
5.10.2 Where the excavation is too hard to be performed by digging, dozing,
scraping, ripping, splitting, breaking, jack picking or other such methods, the
Contractor may make a written request to the S.O. for permission to blast.
Such permission will be granted only if the S.O. is satisfied that all
reasonable measures have been tried to carry out the excavation by
methods other than blasting.
5.10.3 Where explosives are used, the Contractor shall provide a method
statement and shall comply fully with requirements of these Specifications,
or any direction, order, requirement or instruction given by the PDRM or any
other authority competent to do so under any written law.
5.10.4 All material from rock excavations shall be used as far as is practicable in
the Works.
5.10.5 Where the rock is of satisfactory quality, the Contractor may elect to crush
and screen it to produce aggregates required for concrete, road base, sub-

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base, or other purposes with the prior approval of the S.O. Excavated rock
needed for earthwork construction which the Contractor elects so to use for
producing aggregate materials shall be replaced at the Contractor's own
expense by borrow materials of satisfactory quality from alternative
locations approved by the S.O.
5.10.6 Otherwise, excavated rock shall be used in the construction of embankment
and fill, to the fullest practical extent, in either of the two (2) following ways:
(i)

Excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of

300 mm and used as rock fill as described in sub-section 5.2.6;

(ii)

Excavated rock shall be broken down to a maximum particle size of

150 mm, blended with suitable earth fill material in a proportion not
exceeding 1 rock to 1 earth, and used as common fill.

5.10.7 The Contractor may only waste excavated rock with the approval of the
S.O. Excavated rock needed for earthwork construction which the
Contractor elects to waste shall be replaced at the Contractor's own
expense by borrow materials of satisfactory quality from alternative
locations approved by the S.O.
5.11

Storage And Handling Of Explosives

Proper buildings or magazines, with separate compartments for detonators, in
suitable positions for the storage of explosives in manner and quantities to be
approved shall be provided in compliance with all authorities requirements. The
prevention of any unauthorised issue or improper use of any explosive brought on
the Works shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and only experienced and
qualified personnel shall be employed to handle explosives for the purpose of the
Works.

5.12

Blasting
5.12.1 Explosives shall be used in the quantities and manner recommended by the
manufacturers and blasting specialist. Blasting shall be restricted to such
periods as the S.O. may prescribe and to comply with all authorities
requirement. If, in the opinion of the S.O., blasting would be dangerous to
persons or properties or to any finished work, or is being carried on in a
reckless manner, he may prohibit it, and order the rock to be excavated by
other means. The use of explosives in large blasts, that is exceeding 9 kg of
explosive, as in seams, drifts, shafts, pits, or large holes, is prohibited
unless authorised in writing by the S.O. Such authorisation shall not in any
way relieve the Contractor of his liabilities under the Conditions of Contract.
5.12.2 All necessary precautions shall be taken to preserve the materials below
and beyond the lines of all excavations in the soundest possible condition.
Delayed blasting to reduce shock waves shall be used to avoid damage to
concrete and other works already completed. As the excavation approaches
its final lines, blasting with pre-splitting technique of approved drill hole
spacing shall be carried out to reduce blast damage and create reasonably
even finished surface by means of parallel drill holes perpendicular to the
toe of the excavation and parallel to the finally required face.

5.13

Safety Measures
5.13.1 When blasting is carried out close to properties or roads, safety rules
complying to authorities requirements shall be strictly adhered to. Where
necessary or as directed by the S.O., heavy mesh blasting mats shall be
used to ensure that no damage is caused to persons or properties on or off

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Site. Special care shall be taken in wet ground to ensure that individual
explosions are reduced to such size as to preclude damage to any buildings
or structures. Plaster shooting will not be permitted within 400 m of any
building or structure. If traffic on any road or railway has to be interrupted for
blasting operations, the Contractor shall obtain approval of his schedule for
such interruption from the appropriate authorities and shall prove to the S.O.
that he has obtained it, prior to the interruption.
5.13.2 When blasting is carried out with close proximity to sensitive structures and
environmental sensitive areas, thresholds and criteria of vibration impact
shall be established for monitoring purpose.
5.14

Insecure Material
The cut slopes shall be cleared of all rock fragments which move when pried with a
crow-bar. The Contractor shall excavate any insecure material to an approved depth
and build up the resulting spaces with Grade 15P/20 concrete or masonry using
rock similar to the adjoining natural rock so as to ensure a solid face.

6. Filling Works
6.1

6.2

Material
6.1.1

Fill materials to form formation level shall be of suitable material obtained

from excavation in cuttings. Where the quantity of such materials is
inadequate, the Contractor shall obtain suitable materials from the
designated borrow pits or from his own borrow pits which have been
approved by the S.O.

6.1.2

The fill material shall be free from roots, grass, other vegetable material,
clay lump or material of particles size larger than 150 mm.

6.1.3

Sand shall not be used as fill materials at outer edges of the embankment.

Borrow Pits
6.2.1

The Contractor shall be responsible for locating borrow pits. Designated

borrow pits shown on the Drawings only indicate to the Contractor potential
areas for borrow. Whether the Contractor obtains materials from the
designated or his own borrow pit, it shall be his responsibility to ascertain
the suitability of the pit with respect to the quantity and quality of the
materials, which shall be subjected to the approval of the S.O.

6.2.2

The Contractor shall keep the borrow pits free from water ponding and the
excavation neat and tidy. The contractor shall make sure the side-wall of the
borrow pits is stable, protect the slope surface by turfing and shall carry out
other necessary erosion and environmental protection measures following
the agreed method statement or as instructed by the S.O.

6.2.3

The following tests should be carried out for each 1,500 m3 of material to be
placed or more frequent tests as required by the S.O. :
(i) Atterberg limits
(ii) Gradation analysis
(iii) M.S 1056 Compaction Test (2.5 kg rammer method)

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6.3

6.4

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Placement Of Fill Materials

6.3.1

All fill materials shall be deposited in layers and brought up at a uniform rate
so that all parts of the Site reach finished level at the same time. The loose
depth for each layer of fill shall be determined from the trial compaction.
Each layer shall extend over the full width of the fill area and shall be
compacted in accordance with the requirements of sub-section 6.4. Each
compacted layer shall be maintained at all times with a sufficiently even
surface of longitudinal and cross slope in order to drain away the surface
water.

6.3.2

Where embankment is to be constructed on ground with a cross slope

flatter than 1 (vertical) to 10 (horizontal) but steeper than 1 (vertical) to 30
(horizontal), the foundation material, except where this is rock, shall be
scarified to a depth of 100 mm, blended with embankment fill material and
compacted as described in sub-section 6.4.

6.3.3

Where embankment is to be constructed against existing embankment or

on ground with a cross-slope steeper than 1 (vertical) to 10 (horizontal), the
foundation shall be excavated in all materials (including hard rock) to form
benches with horizontal and vertical faces from which construction of the
embankment shall proceed. The benches shall be contiguous beneath the
full width of the embankment, and shall be of a suitable width to
accommodate construction equipment such as motor-graders, trucks,
rollers, et cetera. Scarifying of the horizontal and vertical faces of the
benches shall not normally be required, and the material excavated in
forming the benches may normally be used as fill in the embankment as
approved by the S.O.

Compaction
6.4.1

6.4.2

General
6.4.1.1

All materials used in embankments and as fill elsewhere shall be

compacted as soon as practicable after being placed and spread.
Compaction shall be undertaken to the requirements of this
Section by plant approved by the S.O. All compaction
requirements shall be controlled by means of field density
measurement.

6.4.1.2

For compaction of embankment slope, the Contractor may either

extend each compacted layer beyond the design slope surface by
at least 600 mm then trim back to the required slope angle, or he
may employ an agreed tow type roller to compact the sloping
surface.

Compaction trials
6.4.2.1

The latest MS 1056 Compaction Test (2.5 kg rammer method)

shall be used in determining the moisture versus density relation
of soil.

6.4.2.2

The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his agreement the
proposed method of compaction for each main type of material to
be used in the embankment. This shall include the type of
compaction plant for each type of material and the number of
passes in relation to the loose depth of material to achieve
desired compaction. The maximum loose thickness for fill shall
generally be limited to 300 mm unless trial compaction shows

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compliance with larger loose thickness and with the approval from
the S.O. The Contractor shall carry out field compaction trials,
supplemented by any necessary laboratory investigations, as
required by the S.O. This shall be done by using the procedures
proposed by the Contractor for earthworks and shall demonstrate
to the S.O. that all the specified requirements regarding
compaction can be achieved. Compaction trials with the main
types of material likely to be encountered shall be completed
before the works with the corresponding materials will be allowed
to commence. Each trial area shall be not smaller than 8 m x 15
m.
6.4.2.3

6.4.3

For earthwork compaction of less than 100 m3, trial compaction

can be waived with approval from the S.O., but field density
testing as per sub-section 6.4.4 is still remained necessary as and
when instructed by the S.O.

Degree of compaction
The whole of the fill area shall be compacted to not less than 90% (for
cohesive material) or 95% (for cohesion less material) of the maximum dry
density determined in the latest MS 1056: Compaction Test (2.5 kg-rammer
method), unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings.

6.4.4

Field density testing

Field density tests on each layer of compacted earth fill shall be carried out
using the sand replacement method in accordance with the latest MS 1056
or by using other means of testing of comparable accuracy approved by the
S.O.

6.4.5

6.4.6

Moisture control
6.4.5.1

Each layer of earth fill shall be processed as necessary to bring

its moisture content to a uniform level throughout the material,
suitable for compaction. The optimum moisture content as
determined by the latest MS 1056: Compaction Test (2.5 kg
rammer method) shall be used as a guide in determining the
proper range of moisture content, preferably on the wet side, at
which each soil type shall be compacted. Water shall be added in
fine spray for consistent moisture absorption in the fill, or the
material aerated and dried to adjust the soil to the proper range of
moisture content to obtain the required density. A satisfactory
method and sufficient equipment as approved by the S.O. shall
be used for the furnishing and handling of water.

6.4.5.2

If the natural water content of suitable material is too high for the
proper compaction to be carried out, the Contractor can either
bring down the moisture content by aeration or drying or
alternatively replace it with suitable materials of compactable
moisture range at his own cost.

Air voids
To reduce potential of collapse compression of unsaturated cohesive fill due
to wetting, the moisture content range at fill placement shall be controlled to
achieve a compacted fill with allowable air void content not exceeding 5 %.

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SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND

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6.5

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Frequency Of Control Tests

6.5.1

For each compacted fill materials, the frequency of control tests shall be in
accordance with TABLE B2. The control tests shall be evenly allocated to
each compacted layer of the entire compacted fill. Each control test shall
provide moisture content, dry density and air void content.

TABLE B2 : FREQUENCY OF CONTROL TEST FOR EARTH EMBANKMENT

6.6

6.7

Type of Material

Frequency of Test

Fill/ Imported material

1 test per 1500 m3

Compacted material

1 test per 500 m2

6.5.2

For California Bearing Ratio (CBR), the frequency of test shall not be less
than one test per 4000 m2 of compacted subgrade surface completed or
otherwise as directed by the S.O.

6.5.3

If certain test methods are used for the reasons of speed and economy,
calibration between such tests and the master test method as per latest MS
1056 shall be carried out at the interval of every 100 tests subject to the
S.O. agreement. The calibration is material specific and shall be performed
for each material type. The non-master test method with variation of more
than 5 % shall be rejected.

Rock Fill Embankment

6.6.1

Rock used in rock fill embankments shall be of maximum particle size of

300 mm so that it can be deposited in horizontal layers, each not exceeding
500 mm in compacted depth and extending over the full width of the
embankment except for any specified external cover to slopes or new
formation level. The materials shall be spread and levelled by a crawler
tractor weighing not less than 15 tonnes. Each layer shall consist of
reasonably well graded rock and all large voids with averaging dimension of
exceeding 150 mm shall be filled with broken fragments before the next
layer is placed. The top surface and side slopes of embankments so formed
shall be thoroughly blinded with approved fine graded material to seal the
surface.

6.6.2

There shall be a transition layer between rock fill and earth fill or the top 300
mm of subgrade of at least 300 mm compacted thickness. This shall consist
of uniformly graded crushed rock between 6 mm and 150 mm as approved
by the S.O.

6.6.3

Each layer of rock used as rock fill in embankments shall be systematically

compacted by at least 12 passes of a vibrating roller with a static load per
25 mm width of roll of at least 45 kg or a grid roller with load per 25 mm
width of roll of at least 200 kg or other approved plant.

Filling On Soft Ground

6.7.1

Foundation treatment
6.7.1.1

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Prior to forming embankment over soft ground, the soil over which
fill material shall be placed shall be given strength improvement
treatment as specified and to the details as shown on the
Drawings or as directed or approved by the S.O. Treatment by

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means of replacement of unsuitable material shall be as specified

in sub-sections 5.6 and 5.7.

6.7.2

6.7.1.2

The first layer of fill materials shall be deposited over the full width
of the embankment and berms in thicknesses not more than 500
mm or as approved by the S.O. to sufficiently support earthwork
machineries.

6.7.1.3

If fill materials are required to be placed under standing water,

hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or sand having grading
within the respective limits specified in TABLE B1 shall be used to
backfill the embankment not less than 300 mm above the
standing water to receive compacted suitable fill thereafter.

Surcharge and staged construction

Where indicated in the Contract or directed by the S.O., the embankment
shall be built to different heights in stages with or without surcharge and
with allowance for consolidation time periods in between stages, all in
accordance with the Contract. Where surcharge is specified, the Contractor
shall be responsible for the provision of surcharge material and the removal
and disposal of excess material on completion of consolidation or when
directed by the S.O.

6.7.3

6.7.4

Geotechnical instrumentations
6.7.3.1

Geotechnical instruments shall be provided and installed by the

Contractor in the positions as shown on the Drawings for the
purpose of measuring intended reading at specified location(s)
during and after the construction period. The details of
geotechnical instruments shall be as shown on the Drawings and
the Contractor shall be responsible for supplying, installing and
maintaining the functionality of the geotechnical instruments as
the work proceeds.

6.7.3.2

The Contractor shall take all necessary measures to protect

geotechnical instruments from damage by plant and vehicles at
all times and shall repair any such damage throughout the whole
duration of the Works. Necessary visible barriers shall be
installed around each geotechnical instruments wherever
required.

Monitoring records
6.7.4.1

Joint recording of geotechnical instruments reading shall be

conducted as specified. The monitoring records shall be
submitted to the S.O. on an approved printed form to be supplied
by the Contractor. Softcopy of monitoring records shall be
submitted together with the hard copy records.

6.7.4.2

For the measurement of the volume that has settled below the
original level of the foundation of the embankment, the measured
settlement of each settlement gauge shall be used for volume
computation following the method shown on the Drawings.

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7. Protection And Maintenance For Erosion Control

7.1

Where turfing is required for earthworks protection, they shall be planted

immediately after cutting or filling as specified under SECTION R: LANDSCAPING
AND TURFING WORKS.

7.2

Hydroseeding
7.2.1

Hydroseeding shall be carried out after the proposed slope surface exceeds
1000 m2 or within two (2) weeks after cutting or one (1) week during
monsoon season, whichever is earlier on all slopes and other areas as
shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O. Every measure should
be taken to ensure that the grass seed properly germinate at the intended
location as shown on the Drawings at Contractors expense.

7.2.2

The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his consideration and approval,
at least four (4) weeks in advance of the proposed work, full details of his
proposed method of hydroseeding. The information submitted shall include,
but not necessarily be limited to, a full description of the following aspects of
the work:
(i)

the preparation of the areas to be hydroseeded, including if

appropriate the amount of topsoil to be used and its method of
application;

(ii)

the details and results of investigations to determine which types of

grass and legume are compatible with the soil in the areas to be
seeded;

(iii) the types of grass and legume (if any) and strains of seed to be used,
and the function, root and growth characteristics of each type;
(iv) the rates of application of the grass and legume seeds;
(v)

the composition of fertiliser to be used at the time of hydroseeding and

its rate of application;

(vi) the composition of fertiliser to be used after seeding, the times of

application after hydroseeding, and the rates of application;
(vii) the type of mulch to be used and its method and rate of application;
(viii) the amounts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to
improve the soil before, during and/or after hydroseeding;
(ix) the type and amounts of binding agent to be applied with the seeds,
mulch, fertiliser, et cetera, as appropriate;
(x)

the proportions and methods of preparation of the hydroseeding mix;

(xi) the equipment and methods to be used in preparing and placing the
hydroseeding mix and other materials;
(xii) the cultivation and after-care of the seeded areas, including rates and
frequencies of watering, fertilising, grass cutting and general
maintenance for at least one (1) year after hydroseeding;
(xiii) the time after hydroseeding required for establishing permanent, dense
growth of grasses, which will require minimal maintenance;

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SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND

EARTHWORKS
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(xiv) the temporary erosion protection materials used for protecting the
seeds;
(xv) guarantees the success of the hydroseeding work.
7.2.3

7.3

All grass shall be regularly watered until the vegetation is satisfactorily

established to the requirements of these Specifications. Any dead grass
shall be replaced at the Contractor's own expense.

Creepers
7.3.1

Where creepers are introduced on gunited slopes, rocks or unsuitable

materials, species shall be of Malaysian origin such as ficus pumila,
centrusemo pubscens, or to the agreement of the S.O.

7.3.2

The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his consideration and approval,
at least four (4) weeks in advance of the proposed work, full details of his
proposed method of planting the creepers. The information submitted shall
include, but not limited to, a full description of the following aspects of the
work:
(i)

the preparation of the areas to be planted with creepers, including the

amount of topsoil if appropriate to be used and its method of
application;

(ii)

the details and results of investigations to determine which types of

creepers are compatible with the soil in the areas to be planted;

(iii) the types of creepers to be used, and the function, root and growth
characteristics of each type;
(iv) the composition of fertilizer to be used at the time of planting the
creepers and its rate of application;
(v)

the composition of fertilizer to be used after planting, the times of

application and the rate of application;

(vi) the amounts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to

improve the soil before, during and/or after planting;
(vii) the cultivation and after care of the areas, including rates and
frequencies of watering, fertilizing and general maintenance for at least
one (1) year after planting;
(viii) the time after planting required for establishing permanent, dense
growth of creepers, which will require minimal maintenance;
(ix) guarantees the success of the creepers planting work.
7.3.3

7.4

All creepers shall be regularly watered until the vegetation is satisfactorily

established to the requirements of these Specifications. Any dead creepers
shall be replaced at the Contractors own expense.

Temporary Slope Protection

7.4.1

Should the Contractor be unable to turf/hydroseed the exposed slopes

within two (2) weeks after cutting or one (1) week during monsoon season,
whichever is earlier, temporary protection measures such as covering with
plastic sheeting or artificial cover to control erosion shall be taken.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION C: FOUNDATION WORKS AND WORKS BELOW LOWEST
FLOOR LEVEL
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Shallow Foundations
Deep Foundations
Subterranean Termites Treatment
Damp Proof Membrane (DPM)
Damp Proof Course (DPC)
Filling Under Floors, Aprons Et Cetera
Hardcore

C/1
C/1
C/36
C/37
C/37
C/38
C/38

TABLE C1
TABLE C2
APPENDIX C/1
TABLE C3
TABLE C4

C/39
C/39
C/40
C/40

TABLE C5
TABLE C6

: Specification Of Precast Concrete Piles

: Slump Range For Typical Concreting Situations
: Bending Strength For Precast Concrete Piles
: Maximum Allowable Crack Width
: Cracking Bending Moment (Mc) And Factor f For
Precast Reinforced Concrete Square Piles (RC Piles)
: Cracking Bending Moment (Mc) And Factor f For
Precast Pretensioned Spun Concrete Piles (Spun Piles)
: Cracking Bending Moment (Mc) And Factor f For
Precast Prestressed Concrete Square Piles - Class
PC-X, Class PC-Y, Small Piles

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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1. Shallow Foundations
1.1

1.2

General
1.1.1

Shallow foundations are defined as those where the depths are less than 3
m below the finished ground level.

1.1.2

Unless otherwise specified, shallow foundations shall conform with MS

1756.

Confirmatory Bearing Capacity Of Soil

The Contractor shall conduct a Probe Test as stated in the Drawings to confirm the
required design bearing capacity. The Contractor shall submit the Probe Test result
to the S.O. for approval.

1.3

1.4

Excavation
1.3.1

Foundations shall be excavated to the levels and dimensions as shown on

the Drawings, with sides trimmed and bottoms levelled and stepped as
required.

1.3.2

All excavation shall be carried down to required level. On no account shall

shallow foundations rest on made up or filled ground. Unless otherwise
shown on the Drawings, the depths of foundation shall be decided on the
site by the S.O. The Contractor shall at his own cost and expense, make
good any over excavation below the required depth with suitable granular
material or concrete as approved by the S.O.

Materials
1.4.1

Concrete
The materials and workmanship for concrete shall be as specified in
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

1.4.2

Reinforcement
The steel reinforcement shall be as specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE
WORKS.

2. Deep Foundations
2.1

General
Deep foundations are defined as those where the depths are more than 3 m below
the finished ground level.

2.2

Piling Works
All piling works shall conform to BS 8004 and MS 1314 unless otherwise specified.
2.2.1

Definitions
2.2.1.1

Preliminary pile
A preliminary pile is a pile installed before the commencement
of the main piling work for the purpose of establishing the

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driving criteria for subsequent working piles and for confirming

the adequacy of the design, dimensions and bearing capacity.
This pile shall be treated as a working pile unless otherwise
directed by the S.O.
2.2.1.2

Working pile
A working pile is a pile which is installed as part of the
permanent foundation work.

2.2.1.3

2.2.1.4

Ultimate load
(i)

Where pile test is carried out, the Ultimate Load is defined

as the constant load at which the pile continues to settle at
a steady rate, or the load at which the maximum
settlement of the pile during one (1) continuous loading
cycle is one tenth of the pile base diameter or least
dimension, whichever is the lesser.

(ii)

Where a pile test is not carried out, the Ultimate Load is

defined as the calculated Ultimate Load, derived from
appropriate static bearing capacity calculations.

Working load
The Working Load is the Design Load modified to allow for
group effect, pile spacing or any other factors changing the
efficiency of the total foundation from that of a single isolated
pile, and is at least equal to the dead plus imposed loads on the
pile together with downdrag or uplift loads as appropriate.

2.2.2

2.2.3

Soil investigation report

2.2.2.1

A soil investigation report shall be made available at the S.O.s

office for the Contractors information. The report is intended
solely as a preliminary guide and neither the completeness nor
the accuracy of the information provided is guaranteed. No
responsibility is assumed by the S.O. for any opinion or
conclusion given in the soil report.

2.2.2.2

The Contractor shall study the given soil report in detail and
make his own interpretation of the information provided and to
make due allowance for the effect of site conditions on his
construction operations.

Method statement for construction operations

2.2.3.1

Two (2) weeks before the commencement of piling works, the

Contractor shall submit to the S.O. a detailed method statement
for the installation of piles. The method statement shall contain
the following:
(i)
(ii)

A detailed construction sequence;

Shop Drawings showing details of all special requirements
for the construction activities such as hoisting of piles,
reinforcement cages, cast in fixing et cetera;
(iii) Design calculation of key temporary works endorsed by a
P.E.;

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(iv) Materials, plant and labour requirement at each

construction stage;
(v) Rate of production output based on resources allocated;
(vi) Other information relevant to the piling works.

2.2.4

2.2.3.2

If requested by the S.O, the Contractor shall submit additional

information pertaining to the method of construction (including
temporary works and the use of the construction plant),
calculation of the stresses, strain and deflection that will arise in
the permanent works of any part thereof during construction.

2.2.3.3

The Contractor shall not change the methods which have been
approved by the S.O. Approval by the S.O. of the Contractors
proposed methods of construction shall not in any way relieve
the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the
contract.

Setting out
Setting out shall be carried out using the data and reference points as
shown on the Drawings. The pile position shall be marked with suitable
identifiable pins, pegs or markers at least 300 mm length. The pins, pegs
or markers should be driven to ground level and the location marked with
contrasting material. If raking piles are to be installed then the setting out
pins, pegs or markers is located in an offset position at piling platform level
taking into account of depth to cut-off level and rake value of the pile. In
addition, the alignment of pins, pegs or markers shall indicate the direction
of the rake. Immediately before installation of the pile, the pile positions
shall be checked by the Contractor again.

2.2.5

Position
For a pile cut off at or above ground level the maximum permitted
deviation of the pile centre from the centre points shown on the Drawings
shall not exceed 75 mm in any direction. For a pile cut off below ground
level an increase in this tolerance of 150 mm is permitted in accordance
with sub-sections 2.2.6 and 2.2.7 herein. No pile edge shall be nearer than
150 mm from the edge of any pile cap.

2.2.6

Verticality
The maximum permitted deviation of the finished pile from the vertical is 1
in 75.

2.2.7

Rake
The piling rig shall be set and maintained to attain the required rake. The
maximum permitted deviation of the finished pile from the specified rake
or the rake shown on the Drawings is 1 in 25.

2.2.8

Forcible corrections
Forcible corrections to concrete piles shall not be permitted. Forcible
corrections may be permitted to specific types of piles if approved by the
S.O. However, no forcible corrections shall be made to piles which have
deviated beyond the permissible limits specified in sub-sections 2.2.5,
2.2.6 and 2.2.7.

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2.2.9

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Piles out of alignment or position

The Contractor shall, if instructed by the S.O., extract and reinstall any pile
which has deviated out of position or alignment by more than the specified
limit, or alternatively the substructure shall be modified to the approval of
the S.O. The cost of such extraction and reinstallation or any extra cost in
the design and construction of a modified foundation shall be borne by the
Contractor if such extra works have been made necessary due to the
incompetency and/or negligence of the Contractor.

2.2.10

Unexpected ground conditions

The Contractor shall give a written notice immediately to the S.O any
circumstances which, in the Contractors opinion, indicate ground
conditions that differ from those expected by him from interpretation of the
soil investigation report. The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. a report
which contains all information available to the Contractor that will materially
assist the S.O in verifying the conditions reported, and to modify the
design, if necessary.

2.2.11

2.2.12

Adjacent structures
2.2.11.1

The Contractor shall carry out a condition survey of adjacent

properties to establish the condition of the existing structures
and facilities prior to commencement of piling work. Condition
Surveys shall be conducted by a registered building surveyor
and the result of the survey shall be submitted to the S.O. for
record.

2.2.11.2

The Contractor shall pay very careful attention to the

construction constraints imposed by adjacent structures. The
Contractor shall take adequate measures to ensure his piling
works do not disturb or damage existing adjacent properties
and foundations. The Contractor shall provide a proposal for
monitoring adjacent properties for any detrimental effects
arising from execution of the piling works, so that appropriate
and timely preventive action can be taken to minimise damage.
The Contractors proposal and monitoring programme shall be
certified by a P.E.

2.2.11.3

The Contractor shall be responsible for and shall bear the cost
incurred including claims for damages arising from his
execution of the piling works.

Existing services
The Contractor shall give all required notices to the appropriate utility
authorities before commencement of piling works. The Contractor shall
also locate existing services by piloting, protect existing services, rectify
any damage or interference to them and provide temporary support while
repairs are being carried out if so required.

2.2.13

Materials
2.2.13.1

Concrete
The materials and workmanship for concrete shall be as
specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

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WORKS AND WORKS BELOW
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Reinforcement
The steel reinforcement shall be as specified in SECTION D:
CONCRETE WORKS.

2.2.13.3

Pile shoes
(i)

The type of pile shoes to be used shall be as shown on the

Drawings and shall comply with the following as relevant:
a) "Chilled-hardened" cast iron shoes as used for making
grey iron castings to BS EN 1561, Grade 10; or
b) Mild steel to BS EN 10025 or equivalent, Grade 50B;
or
c) Cast steel to BS EN 10293, Grade A.

(ii)

Mild steel straps cast into the shoes shall be as shown on

the Drawings. Rock shoes where required shall consist of
wrought iron shoes and mild steel straps cast into "Chilledhardened" cast iron blocks, as shown on the Drawings.

(iii) The shoes shall be truly coaxial and firmly embedded on

to end of the pile.
2.2.14

Supply of piles
The contractor shall only use precast concrete piles supplied by approved
manufacturers. Before the commencement of piling work, the contractor
shall notify the S.O. the name of the manufacturers. The Contractor shall
provide the manufacturer mill certificate. All piles found damage during
supplied should be taken out from site.

2.2.15

2.2.16

Handling and storage

2.2.15.1

The method and sequence of lifting, handling, transporting and

storing piles shall be such that piles are not damaged or having
crack width greater than 0.1 mm. Only the designed lifting and
support points shall be used. During transport and storage,
piles shall be placed on adequate supports located under the
lifting points of the piles. Piles shall be stored and stacked on
firm ground not liable to settlement under the weight of piles.
The supports shall be vertically above one another. All piles
within a stack shall be in groups of the same length. Packings
of uniform thicknesses shall be provided between piles at the
lifting points.

2.2.15.2

No piles shall be allowed for transportation before achieving

concrete strength of 30 N/mm2.

2.2.15.3

No pile shall be driven before the specified characteristic

strength of appropriate grade of concrete has been achieved.

Welding
Unless otherwise specified, all welds shall be full penetration butt welds
complying with the requirements of BS EN 12334.

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SECTION C : FOUNDATION
WORKS AND WORKS BELOW
LOWEST FLOOR LEVEL
JKR MALAYSIA

2.2.17

2.2.18

2.2.19

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Welders qualifications
2.2.17.1

All welding works shall be executed by qualified welders with

valid certificate issued by approved Authorities such as CIAST.

2.2.17.2

Only welders who are qualified to BS EN 287-1 or who have

attained a similar standard shall be employed on the Works.
Proof of welders proficiency shall be made available on request
by the S.O.

Damage to piles
2.2.18.1

The Contractor shall execute the work in such a manner so as

to minimise damage to piles.

2.2.18.2

All piles damaged during handling, transporting, pitching, and

driving or at any other time shall be replaced by the Contractor
at his own expense.

Safety precautions
The Contractor shall take safety precautions throughout the piling
operation in accordance with the requirements of the relevant laws and bylaws.

2.2.20

Records
The Contractor shall keep records of the installation of each pile and shall
submit two (2) signed copies of these records to the S.O. not later than the
next working day after the pile has been installed. The signed records shall
form part of the records for the Works. Any unexpected driving or boring
conditions shall be noted in the records.

2.2.21

As-built locations plan

The Contractor shall submit an As-built pile location plan certified by a
Licensed Surveyor to the S.O. within seven (7) working days of completion
of the last pile. Partial as-built plan may be submitted throughout
construction of the foundation for verification by the S.O.

2.3

Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles

2.3.1

Installation of precast reinforced concrete piles

2.3.1.1

Pitching of piles
Piles shall be pitched accurately in the positions as shown on
the Drawings. At all stages during driving and until the pile has
set or been driven to the required length, all exposed piles
shall be adequately supported and restrained by means of
leaders, trestles, temporary supports or other guide
arrangements to maintain position and alignment and to
prevent buckling and damage to the piles.

2.3.1.2

Driving of piles
(i)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified

set and/or depth has been reached, unless otherwise
approved by the S.O. The driving equipment used shall be

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of such type and capacity to the approval of the S.O. A

follower (long dolly) shall not be used unless approved by
S.O., subject to the following requirements:
a) The first pile in each pile system and every tenth pile
driven thereafter shall be driven full length, without a
follower, to verify that adequate pile length is being
attained to develop the desired pile capacity.
b) The follower and pile shall be held and maintained in
equal and proper alignment during driving;
c) The follower shall be of such material and dimension
to permit the piles to be driven to the length
determined necessary from the driving of the full
length piles;
d) The final position and alignment of the first two (2)
piles installed with follower in each substructure unit
shall be verified to be in accordance with the location
tolerances specified in sub-section 2.2.4 before
additional piles are installed.
(ii)

Follower shall not be used in driving of raked pile.

(iii) A detailed record of the driving resistance over the full

length of each pile shall be kept. The log shall record the
number of blows for every 0.5 m of pile penetration. The
Contractor shall inform the S.O. without delay if an
unexpected change in driving characteristics is
encountered. Where required by the S.O. set shall be
taken at approved intervals during the driving to establish
the behaviour of the piles.
(iv) A set shall be taken only in the presence of the S.O.
unless otherwise approved. The Contractor shall provide
all facilities to enable the S.O. to check driving resistances.
The final set of a pile other than as friction pile, shall be
recorded as the penetration in millimetres per 10 blows.
The temporary compression of the pile shall be recorded if
required.
(v)

When a set is being measured, the following requirements

shall be met:
a) The pile shall be in good condition, without damage or
distortion;
b) The hammer blow shall be in line with the axis of the
pile and
the impact surface shall be flat and
perpendicular to the hammer axis;
c) The hammer shall be in good condition, delivering the
required energy per blow and operating correctly;
d) The rebound shall be measured and recorded
accordingly.

(vi) When an acceptable resistance or set appears to have

been reached, the driving of pile should be suspended for
an interval sufficient to permit the soil to recover from the
disturbance of pile driving, and then resumed to determine
whether there is any increase or decrease in resistance.

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(vii) In soils that dilate when disturbed e.g. silts and some
shales, negative pore pressure can be set up temporarily
and the driving resistance may fall as these pore pressure
return to normal. In clays disturbance can cause positive
pore pressure to develop and the strength of the soil may
increase as these dissipate. The necessary time interval
before redriving may vary from one (1) hour to two (2)
hours for non-cohesive soils or two (2) days or more for
clays.
(viii) The resistance at the start of redriving is more likely to be
representative of the true bearing value of the pile, and
each redriving result should be taken into consideration
when deciding the pile penetration length.
(ix) Piles shall be driven in an approved sequence to minimise
the detrimental effects of heave and lateral displacement
of the ground. When required, careful levelling from a
datum unaffected by the piling shall be made on the pile
heads already driven, before and after driving subsequent
piles. Piles which have been displaced vertically by more
than 3 mm as a result of driving adjacent piles shall be
redriven to the required resistance.
2.3.1.3

Preboring and jetting of piles

(i)

Piles shall not be prebored without the written approval of

the S.O. Preboring of piles may be allowed for the
following reasons:
a) To ease pile drivability by breaking through hard
layers;
b) To reduce lateral soil displacement where this could
cause damage to nearby structure;
c) To investigate and possibly deal with obstruction in the
ground.

(ii)

The piles shall in contact with surrounding soil and the

completed piles shall comply with the requirements of this
Specification. Diameter of preboring shall be in
accordance with sub-section 2.5.3.1 of this Specification. If
boring is oversize, any gap between the tube and ground
shall be filled with compacted sand prior driving the pile.

(iii) In some soils, jetting may lift adjacent structure or cause

undermining of nearby foundations. Pile shall not be jetted
without the written approval of the S.O. Prior to jetting any
pile, the Contractor shall submit to the S.O. details of the
equipment to be used and the proposed method to be
adopted.
2.3.1.4

Repair of damaged pile heads

(i)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

If a pile is to be subjected to further driving, concrete in

the damaged pile head shall be cut off square at sound
concrete, and all loose particles shall be removed by wire
brushing, followed by washing with water. Care shall be
exercised to ensure that the reinforcement in the pile
head is not in any way damaged. Any damaged

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reinforcement shall be made good to the satisfaction of

the S.O. The head shall be replaced with concrete of
similar grade or higher.
(ii)

2.3.1.5

The new head shall be cast truly in line with the

remainder of the pile and be properly cured and allowed
to harden sufficiently to develop the strength necessary
for further driving. If a pile has been driven to the required
set or depth but the level of sound concrete of the pile is
below cut-off level, the pile shall be made good to the cutoff level as described above so that the completed
foundation will safely withstand the specified ultimate
load.

Lengthening of piles
(i)

Where piles have to be lengthened, other than by means

of welding of steel plates as detailed on the Drawings, the
reinforcement shall be stripped of all surrounding concrete
for a distance equal to forty (40) times the diameter of the
main reinforcement measured from the pile head for
spliced joints and 300 mm for butt welded joints and all
lateral reinforcement shall be removed.

(ii)

The new concrete shall be of the same grade or higher as

the original concrete on pile and shall be adequately
compacted.

(iii) The lengthening bars shall butt on the exposed bars in

true alignment and shall be butt welded as specified or
shall be spliced with bars of the same diameter as the
main pile bars, 60 diameters in length and lapping the
main bars for a distance of 40 diameters above and below
the joint, and shall be securely bound with 1.63 mm soft
annealed iron wire.
(iv) New binders of similar size shall be provided and spaced
at half the centres of the binders in the main body of the
pile and shall be securely bound with 1.63 mm soft
annealed iron wire and the pile extended by concreting in
properly constructed mounds to the length required.
(v)

2.3.1.6

Care shall be taken to form the joint between the old and
new concrete as specified hereinbefore. The old concrete
shall be adequately roughened and all loose particles shall
be removed by wire brushing, followed by washing with
clean water. The extension shall be truly in line at all
stages of handling and driving with the remainder of the
pile and be properly cured and allowed to harden
sufficiently to develop the strength necessary for further
driving.

Pile joint
The bending strength test of pile joint shall be done for laterally
loaded pile only to determine the bending capacity at each
respective joint. The test shall be done as in 2.3.1.7 provided
that the joint is positioned at the centre of the span. The
bending capacity at the pile joint shall be greater than the

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bending capacity of the pile body by 10%. The result shall be

submitted to S.O for approval prior to driving of any pile.
2.3.1.7

Pile bending strength test

Pile bending strength test shall be performed in accordance
with APPENDIX C/1 of this Specification.

2.3.1.8

Cutting and preparation of pile heads

(i)

When a pile has been driven to the required set or depth,

the head of the pile shall be cut off to the level specified or
shown on the Drawings. This shall be done carefully to
avoid shattering or otherwise damaging the rest of the pile.
Any cracked or defective concrete shall be cut away and
made good with new concrete properly bonded to the old.
The length of reinforcing bars projecting above this level
shall be as shown or specified on the Drawings. If the
length of reinforcing bars left projecting is insufficient, then
they shall be extended by either of the following methods :
a)

Butt welding
aa) The extension bars shall butt on the projecting
bars in true alignment and shall be butt welded
in accordance with sub-section 2.7.4 of this
Specification.
ab) Redriving of the piles shall only be allowed after
the welded joints have sufficiently air cooled to
100C or below.

b)

Splicing
The projecting bars shall be stripped of all
surrounding concrete as necessary to allow splices
of length 60 diameters with extension bars. The
extension bars shall be securely bound to the
projecting bars with 1.63 mm soft annealed iron wire.
The concrete of the pile shall be made good either
before or together with the casting of the pile cap, all
to the satisfaction of the S.O. Care shall be taken to
avoid cracking or otherwise damaging the rest of the
pile. Any cracked or defective concrete shall be cut
away and made good with new concrete properly
bonded to the old.

2.4

Prestressed Spun Concrete Piles

2.4.1

Materials
2.4.1.1

Concrete
The materials and workmanship for concrete shall be as
specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

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Reinforcement
(i)

The prestressing tendons and the non-prestressing

reinforcement of the piles including workmanship shall be
as specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS of this
Specification and to the details as shown on the Drawings.

(ii)

Prestressing steel shall comply with JIS G3137 or BS

4486 or BS 5896 or ASTM A416 or equivalent.

(iii) A certificate of conformance is required for every delivery

of reinforcement.
2.4.1.3

Transfer of prestress
The minimum concrete cube strength at transfer should be 30
N/mm2. All test cubes should be stored under same conditions
as the piles.

2.4.1.4

End plates
Details of end plates of each length of pile shall be as shown on
the Drawings. Each end plate shall be machine-finished and
provided with a chamfer to accommodate the welding when two
(2) lengths of pile are jointed.

2.4.1.5

Pile shoes
If specified, the type of pile shoes to be used shall be as shown
on the Drawings and shall be in accordance with sub-section
2.2.13.3.

2.4.2

Installation of prestressed spun concrete piles

2.4.2.1

Pitching and driving of piles

Pitching and driving of piles shall be in accordance with subsections 2.3.1.1 and 2.3.1.2. Piles shall not be driven until the
concrete has achieved the specified characteristic strength.

2.4.2.2

Lengthening of piles
Where lengthening of piles is required, the details of the joint
shall be as shown on the Drawings and in accordance with subsection 2.7.4. When two (2) lengths of pile are jointed, the end
plates shall bear over their complete areas. Shims for packing
shall not be accepted. For laterally loaded pile, the pile joint
shall be in accordance with sub-section 2.3.1.5.

2.4.2.3

Cutting and preparation of pile heads

When a pile has been driven to the required set or depth, the
head of the pile shall be cut off to the level specified or shown
on the Drawings using a diamond cutter. Pile heads shall be
constructed to details as shown on the Drawings.

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2.5

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Bored Cast-in-situ Piles

2.5.1

Description
This work shall comprise the boring or grabbing, with or without casing,
and subsequently filling the hole with plain or reinforced concrete to form
bored cast-in-situ piles, all in accordance with this Specification and to the
details shown on the Drawings.

2.5.2

Materials
2.5.2.1

Concrete
The materials and workmanship for concrete shall be as
specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS. The grade of
the concrete shall be as shown on the Drawings.

2.5.2.2

Reinforcement
The steel reinforcement shall be as specified in SECTION D:
CONCRETE WORKS. The details of the steel reinforcement
shall be as shown on the Drawings.

2.5.2.3

Permanent casings
Permanent casings which form part of the designed pile shall
be as specified on the Drawings.

2.5.2.4

Support fluid
(i)

Support fluid material, bentonite, shall comply with the

manufacturers certificate and mix proportion. A certificate
shall be obtained by the Contractor from the manufacturer
of the bentonite powder, showing the properties of each
consignment delivered to the site. This certificate shall be
made available to the S.O. Test should be carried out at
regular interval to ensure consistency of the batching
process.

(ii)

Polymer can be used as an alternative to bentonite to

maintain stability of the bores with the approval of the S.O.

(iii) Bentonite or polymer shall be mixed thoroughly with water

complying with MS 28 to make a suspension which will
maintain the stability of the pile excavation for the period
necessary to place concrete and complete construction.
Preparation of the suspension shall comply with the
manufacturer's instructions.
(iv) Where saline or chemically contaminated ground water
occurs, special precautions shall be taken to modify the
bentonite suspension or pre-hydrate the bentonite in fresh
water to render it suitable in all respects for the
construction of piles.

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2.5.3

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Boring Operations
2.5.3.1

2.5.3.2

Diameter of piles
(i)

The diameter of piles shall not be less than the specified

designed diameter at any level throughout its length.

(ii)

The auger width shall be checked as necessary and

recorded for each pile to ensure the specified diameter is
achieved. A tolerance of +5% to 0% on the auger width is
permissible.

Boring
(i)

Boring shall be carried down to the depth as required

and directed by the S.O. When deemed necessary by
the S.O., the Contractor shall take undisturbed soil
samples while the pile is being bored. The samples shall
be taken to an approved Laboratory for testing.

(ii)

Sampling and all subsequent handling and testing shall

be carried out in accordance with BS EN ISO 1997, BS
EN ISO 14688, BS EN ISO 14689, BS EN ISO 22475
and BS EN ISO 22476.

(iii) Piles shall not be bored at a distance less than three (3)
times diameter close to other piles which have recently
been cast and which contain workable or unset concrete.
2.5.3.3

Drilling in rock
The Contactor shall submit a method statement when drilling in
rock. Chiselling of rock may cause micro cracks in surrounding
rock and is not allowed.

2.5.3.4

2.5.3.5

Temporary casings
(i)

Temporary casings of approved quality or an approved

alternative method shall be used to maintain the stability of
pile excavations which might otherwise collapse.

(ii)

Temporary casings shall be free from significant distortion.

They shall be of uniform cross-section throughout each
continuous length. During concreting they shall be free
from internal projections and encrusted concrete which
might prevent the proper formation of the piles being cast.

Stability of piling excavations using support fluid

Where the use of support fluid or a column of water is approved
for maintaining the stability of boring, the level of fluid or column
of water in the excavation shall be maintained such that the
fluid pressure always exceeds the pressure exerted by the soil
and external ground water and an adequate temporary casing
shall be used in conjunction with the method to ensure the
stability of the strata near ground level until concrete has been
placed. The fluid water level shall be maintained at a level not
less than 1 m above the level of the external ground water. In
the event of a rapid loss of bentonite suspension, polymeric

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fluids or water from the piling excavation, the excavation shall

be backfilled with lean concrete or well compacted sand as
specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS of this
Specification without delay and the instructions of the S.O. shall
be obtained prior to resuming boring at that location.
2.5.3.6

2.5.3.7

Spillage and disposal

(i)

All reasonable steps shall be taken to prevent the spillage

of bentonite suspension or water on the site in areas
outside the immediate vicinity of the boring operations.
Discarded bentonite water shall be removed from the site
without delay. The disposal of bentonite water shall
comply with the regulations of the Local Authorities.

(ii)

Entrained solids shall be removed from the polymeric fluid

by use of flocculants before disposal of the remaining fluid
to the environmentally acceptable area.

Pumping of boreholes
Pumping from the borehole shall not be permitted unless a
casing has been placed into the stable stratum to prevent the
further ingress of water in significant quantities from other strata
into the boring, or, unless it can be shown that pumping will not
have a detrimental effect on the surrounding soil or its
properties.

2.5.3.8

2.5.3.9

Continuity of construction
(i)

A pile constructed in the stable soil, without the use of

temporary casings or other support, shall be bored and
concreted without delay to ensure that the soil
characteristics are not significantly altered. Sandy clays or
clayey silts may soften significantly in less than twelve (12)
hours. Where prolonged delay in construction arises, the
bore may have to be backfilled with lean concrete as
specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS of this
Specification or well compacted sand to minimise
deterioration of the shaft. The time interval between
completion of boring and placing of concrete should be
preferably within six (6) hours.

(ii)

If the pile excavation is carried out using permanent or

temporary casing, the time period between completion of
pile excavation and completion of concreting is
recommended not to exceed twenty four (24) hours.

Enlarged pile bases

The enlarged pile base shall not be smaller than the dimensions
specified and shall be concentric with the pile shaft to within
10% of the shaft diameter. A sloping surface of the frustum
forming the enlargement shall make an angle to the horizontal
of not less than 55. At the specified diameter of the under ream
at the perimeter of the base there shall be a minimum height of
150 mm.

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2.5.3.10

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Cleanliness of pile bases

On completion of boring, loose, disturbed or remoulded soil or
fragments of rock shall be removed from the base of the pile.

2.5.3.11

Inspection
For dry boreholes, each hole shall be inspected prior to the
placing of concrete in it. The inspection shall be carried out from
the ground surface in the case where the borehole diameter is
less than 1500 mm. Where the borehole diameter exceeds
1500 mm, adequate equipment shall be provided to enable the
Contractor and the S.O. to descend into the borehole for the
purpose of inspection. All works shall conform to the
requirement of BS 5537: Safety Precaution in the Construction
of Large Diameter Borehole for Piling and Other Purposes. For
wet boreholes, i.e. holes filled with drilling fluid or water, a
suitable probe shall be provided to ascertain the evenness and
cleanliness of the pile base.

2.5.4

Placing of reinforcement
2.5.4.1

Joints in longitudinal bars

Reinforcement shall be such that the full strength of the bar is
effective across the joint and the joint shall be made so that
there is no relative displacement of the reinforcement during
the construction of the pile and the spacing of the reinforcing
bars shall be maintained in such a way that proper concreting
shall not be impeded.

2.5.4.2

2.5.5

Positions of reinforcement
(i)

Adequate spacer blocks, guide tubes, and lifting wires

shall be provided so as to maintain the reinforcing steel
in the positions as specified.

(ii)

Where temporary casings are employed, the longitudinal

reinforcement shall extend at least 1 m below the bottom
of the casing so that movement of the reinforcement
during extraction of the casing is minimised.

Concreting operations
2.5.5.1

Placing concrete
The method of placing and the workability of concrete shall be
such that a continuous monolithic concrete shaft of the full
cross-section is formed.

2.5.5.2

Workability of concrete
(i)

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The workability of the concrete shall be determined by the

slump test as described in M.S. 26.

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(ii)

2.5.5.3

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The suggested slump details for typical concreting

situations shall be as specified in TABLE C2 of this
Specification. The slump shall be measured at the time of
discharge into the borehole.

Compaction
Internal vibrators shall not be used to compact concrete unless
it can be satisfied that they will not cause segregation or
arching of the concrete.

2.5.5.4

2.5.5.5

Placing concrete in dry borings

(i)

Approved measures shall be taken to avoid segregation

and bleeding and to ensure that the concrete at the bottom
of the pile is not deficient in grout.

(ii)

Where piles are vertical, concrete may be poured through

a funnel with a length of tube so that the flow is directed
and does not hit reinforcement bars or the side of the hole.
Chutes extending to near the base shall be employed for
raking piles of large diameter. For raking piles of small
diameter, an enriched mix of 20% more cement shall be
used in the first few batches of concrete to minimise
segregation.

Placing concrete under water or support fluid

(i)

The concrete mix shall be 20% more cement content when

placing is done under water.

(ii)

Concrete to be placed under water or support fluid shall be

placed by tremie unless otherwise approved and shall not
be discharged freely into the water or support fluid. Before
placing concrete, measures shall be taken to ensure that
there is no accumulation of silt or other material at the
base of the boring.

(iii) The hopper and pipe of the tremie shall be clean and
watertight throughout. The pipe shall extend to the base of
the boring and a sliding plug or barrier shall be placed in
the pipe to prevent direct contact between the first charge
of concrete in the pipe of the tremie and the water or
support fluid. The tremie pipe shall at all times penetrate
the concrete which has previously been placed and shall
not be withdrawn from the concrete until the completion of
concreting.
(iv) At all times, a sufficient quantity of concrete shall be
maintained within the tremie pipe to ensure that the
pressure from it exceeds that from the water or support
fluid. The internal diameter of the tremie pipe shall not be
less than 150 mm for concrete made with 20 mm
aggregate and not less than 200 mm for concrete made
with 40 mm aggregate.
(v)

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The tremie pipe shall be so designed that external

projections are minimised, allowing the tremie pipe to pass
through the reinforcing cage without causing damage or

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uplifting. The internal face of the tremie pipe shall be from

projections.
2.5.6

Extraction of casing
2.5.6.1

Workability of concrete
Temporary casings shall be extracted while the concrete within
them remains sufficiently workable to ensure that the concrete
is not lifted.

2.5.6.2

Concrete level
(i)

When the casing is being extracted, a sufficient quantity

of concrete shall be maintained within it to ensure that the
pressure from external water, drilling fluid or soil is
exceeded and that the pile is neither reduced in section
nor contaminated.

(ii)

No concrete shall be placed in the bore once the bottom

of the casing has been lifted above the top of the
concrete. It shall be placed continuously as the casing is
extracted until the desired head of concrete is obtained.

(iii) Adequate precautions shall be taken in all cases where

excess heads of water or drilling fluid could be caused as
the casing is withdrawn because of the displacement of
water or fluid by the concrete as it flows into its final
position against the wall of the pile shaft. Where double
casings are used in the boring, the proposed method of
working shall be with the approval of the S.O.
2.5.6.3

Vibrating extractors
The use of vibrating extractors shall be permitted subject to the
condition that work shall be carried out in such a manner and
at such times as to minimise nuisance and disturbance.

2.5.7

Construction of pile heads

2.5.7.1

Water levels
In the event of the ground water level being higher than the
required pile head casting level shown on the Drawings, the
Contractor shall submit his proposals for approval prior to
placing concrete. The pile head shall not be left below the
ground water level unless approved precautions are taken.

2.5.7.2

Cutting and preparation of pile heads

The top of the pile shall be brought at least 300 mm or more as
specified on the Drawings above the cut-off level of the pile to
permit all laitance and weak concrete to be removed and to
ensure that it can be properly keyed into the pile cap. Only hand
held cutting equipment or hydraulic splitters shall be used. Pile
heads shall be constructed to the details shown on the
Drawings.

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Temporary backfilling above pile casting level

After each pile has been cast, any empty bore remaining shall
be protected and shall be carefully backfilled as soon as
possible with well compacted sand.

2.5.7.4

Piling records
(i)

(ii)

Complete piling records shall be kept by the Contractor

during pile installation. The Contractor shall submit in
duplicate the following information to the S.O.:
a)

Signed records of all piles as the work proceeds.

Individual pile record shall be submitted not later
than noon of the next working day after the pile was
installed. The signed records shall form record of the
work. Any unexpected installation condition shall be
noted in the record.

b)

Upon completion, compile a record of the work as

carried out and provide As-build drawings. The
Drawings shall be prepared and endorsed by the
Licensed Surveyor.

The format of the record shall be approved by the S.O.

and shall contain but not be limited to the following
information where applicable:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)

Date of concreting
Concrete mix
Method of concreting
Standing ground water level
Length of temporary casing
Length of permanent casing
Details of soil strata penetrated.
Soil samples taken and in-situ tests carried out.
Length and details of reinforcement.
Estimated and actual volume of concrete required to
form the pile shaft.

(iii) All record shall bear the names of person who records and
person who checks.
2.5.8

Pressure grouting of piles

2.5.8.1

Post grouting of piles in sand shall be constructed to details as

shown on the Drawings if encounter any base disturbance to
ensure compatible performance of piles. Method of grouting
shall be carefully controlled to prevent pile uplift and avoid other
potential problems with prior approval of the S.O.

2.5.8.2

Pressure grouting shall not be used to compensate for poor pile

construction practice.

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2.6

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Steel H-Section Piles

2.6.1

Description
This work shall comprise the supply and installation of steel H-section
piles, inclusive of pitching and driving, lengthening and preparation of pile
heads, all in accordance with this Specification and to the details shown on
the Drawings.

2.6.2

Materials
All steel H-bearing piles shall comply with the requirement of BS EN 10025
and or BS EN 10029, BS EN 10210, BS EN 10113, BS 7668 or JIS A5526.
The profile and grade to be used are as specified or as shown on the
Drawings.

2.6.3

Manufacture and storage of steel H-section piles

2.6.3.1

2.6.3.2

Manufacturing tolerances
(i)

All piles shall be of the type and cross-sectional

dimensions as designed. For standard rolled sections the
dimensional tolerances and weight shall comply with the
relevant standard. Length tolerance of H-section steel
bearing piles shall be 50 mm in accordance with BS EN
10034.

(ii)

The rolling or proprietary tolerances for H-section steel

bearing piles shall be such that the actual weight of the
section does not differ from the theoretical weight by more
than 2.5%.

Straightness of sections
(i)

For standard rolled sections the deviation from

straightness shall be within the compliance provisions of
BS EN 10034. When two (2) or more rolled sections are
joined by butt-jointing, the deviation from straightness shall
not exceed 1/600 of the overall length of the pile.

(ii)

For proprietary sections made up from rolled sections and

for tubular piles, the deviation from straightness on any
longitudinal face shall not exceed 1/600 of the length of
the pile nor 5 mm in any 3 m length.

(iii) Based on the results of pile driving resistance and/or load

tests carried out on piles driven on the Site, the S.O. may
from time to time order the lengths of piles to be modified.
2.6.3.3

Strengthening of piles
Unless otherwise approved by the S.O., the strengthening of
the toe of the pile in lieu of a shoe or the strengthening of the
head of a pile shall be made from material of the same grade as
the pile and to the details as shown on the Drawings.

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2.6.3.4

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Marking of piles
Each pile shall be clearly marked with white undeletable
marking at the flanged head showing its reference number and
overall length. In addition, each pile shall be marked at intervals
of 500 mm along its length before being driven. The length of
piles to be supplied shall be as shown on the Drawings subject
to revision by the S.O.

2.6.3.5

2.6.4

Handling and storage

(i)

All operations such as handling and transporting of piles

shall be carried out in such a manner that damage to piles
and their coatings is minimized. Piles that are damaged
during handling and transporting shall be replaced by the
Contractor at his own expense. All damaged and rejected
piles shall be removed from the Site forthwith.

(ii)

Piles within a stack shall be in groups of the same length

and on approved supports.

Installation of steel H-section piles

2.6.4.1

Pitching and driving of piles

Pitching and driving of piles shall be in accordance with subsections 2.3.1.1 and 2.3.1.2.

2.6.4.2

Lengthening of piles
(i)

Where lengthening of piles is required, the piles shall be

jointed by butt welding. Butt welded joints shall be
stiffened with plates fillet welded on all four (4) sides as
detailed on the Drawings. All welding shall be continuous
and complying with BS 638, BS EN 1011 and BS EN 1993
for arc welding and BS EN ISO 4577 for resistance
welding as appropriate. The type and size of weld shall be
as detailed on the Drawings.

(ii)

Weld tests shall be performed by radiographic or

ultrasonic methods as specified. Provided that satisfactory
results are being obtained, one (1) test of a length of 300
mm shall be made for 10% or more of the number of
welded splices.

(iii) Redriving of the piles shall only be allowed after the

welded joints have sufficiently air cooled to 100C or
below.
2.6.4.3

Cutting and preparation of pile heads

(i)

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When a pile has been driven to the required set or depth

and before encasing in concrete, the piles shall be cut to
within 20 mm of the levels shown on the Drawings. Pile
heads shall be constructed to the details as shown on
the Drawings.

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(ii)

2.7

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The remaining section which can be reused for

lengthening of piles shall be stored and protected as
directed by the S.O.

Steel Pipe Piles

2.7.1

Description
This work shall comprise the supply and installation of steel pipe piles,
inclusive of pitching and driving, lengthening and preparation of pile
heads, all in accordance with this Specification and to the details shown
on the Drawings.

2.7.2

Materials
All steel pipes shall comply with BS EN 10296, BS EN 10297 and BS
EN 10305 with regard to sectional dimensions and the steel shall
comply with the requirements of BS EN 10113 or BS EN 10025.

2.7.3

Manufacture and storage of steel pipe piles

2.7.3.1

Welding
Unless otherwise specified, all welds shall be full penetration
butt welds complying with the requirements of BS EN 12334.

2.7.3.2

Fabrication of piles
(i)

Pile lengths shall be set up so that the differences in

dimensions are matched as evenly as possible. The length
of piles to be supplied shall be as shown on the Drawings
subject to revision by the S.O.

(ii)

Based on the results of pile driving resistance and/or load

tests carried out on piles driven on the Site, the S.O. may
from time to time order the lengths of piles to be modified.

(iii) For tubular piles where the load will be carried by the wall
of the pile, and if the pile will be subjected to loads that
induce reversal of stress during or after construction, the
external diameter at any section as measured by using a
steel tape on the circumference shall not differ from the
theoretical diameter by more than 1%.
(iv) The ends of all tubular piles as manufactured shall be
within a tolerance on ovality of 1% as measured by a
ring gauge for a distance of 100 mm at each end of the
pile length.
(v)

The root edges or root faces of lengths of piles that are to

be shop butt-welded shall not differ by more than 25% of
the thickness of pile walls not exceeding 12 mm thick or by
more than 3 mm for piles where the wall is thicker than 12
mm. When piles of unequal wall thickness are to be buttwelded, the thickness of the thinner material shall be the
criterion.

(vi) Pile lengths shall be set up so that the differences in

dimensions are matched as evenly as possible.
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2.7.3.3

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Matching of pile lengths

Longitudinal shop seam welds and spiral seam welds of lengths
of pipe piles forming a completed pile shall, whenever possible,
be evenly staggered. However, if in order to obtain a
satisfactory match of the ends of piles or the specified
straightness, the longitudinal seams or spiral seams are
brought closely to one (1) alignment at the joint, then they shall
be staggered by at least 100 mm.

2.7.3.4

Straightness of piles
For standard rolled sections the deviation from straightness
shall be within the compliance provisions of BS EN 10034 and
in accordance with sub-section 2.6.3.2.

2.7.3.5

Fabrication of piles on site

When pile lengths are to be made up on Site, all test
procedures and dimensional tolerances shall conform to the
Specification for the supply of pipe materials. Adequate facilities
shall be provided for supporting and aligning the lengths of pile.

2.7.3.6

Handling and storage

All piles within a stack shall be in groups of the same length and
on approved supports. All operations such as handling,
transporting and pitching of piles shall be carried out in a
manner such that no damage occurs to piles and their coatings.
Piles that are damaged during handling and transporting shall
be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense. All damaged
and rejected piles shall be removed from the Site forthwith.

2.7.3.7

Marking of piles
Each pile shall be clearly marked with white undeletable
marking near the pile head showing its reference number and
overall length. In addition, each pile shall be marked at intervals
of 500 mm along its length before being driven. The length of
piles to be supplied shall be as shown on the Drawings subject
to revision by the S.O.

2.7.4

Workmanship
2.7.4.1

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Welding procedures
(i)

The Contractor shall submit for approval, full details of the

welding procedures and electrodes with Drawings and
schedules as may be necessary. Tests shall be
undertaken as may be required by the S.O. and shall be
in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 288.

(ii)

All welding procedures shall have been qualified to BS EN

ISO 15607, BS EN ISO 15609-1, BS EN ISO 15613 and
BS EN ISO 15614-1 and the Contractor shall make
available full details of the welding procedures and
electrodes, with Drawings and schedules as may be

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necessary. Tests shall be undertaken as may be required

by the S.O.
2.7.4.2

2.7.4.3

Welders' qualifications
(i)

All welding works shall be executed by qualified welders

with valid certificate issued by approved Authorities such
as CIAST.

(ii)

Only welders who are qualified to BS EN 287-1 or who

have attained a similar standard shall be employed on the
Works. Proof of welders proficiency shall be made
available on request by the S.O.

Weld tests
(i)

During production of welded tube piles, at least one (1)

radiograph approximately 300 mm long shall be required
on each completed length as a spot check on weld quality.
This shall be taken on a circumferential or longitudinal
weld and its position shall be as directed by the S.O.

(ii)

For spirally welded piles, one (1) of the following tests

shall be carried out:
a)

For tubes of wall thickness 12 mm or less, three (3)

spot check radiographs, one (1) at each end of each
length of the tube as manufactured and one (1) at a
position to be chosen at the time of testing by the
S.O.; and spot check radiographs as required by the
S.O. on the weld joints between strip lengths;

b)

For tubes of any wall thickness, continuous ultrasonic examination over the whole weld,
supplemented where necessary by radiographs to
investigate defects revealed by the ultrasonic
examination.

(iii) Weld tests shall be performed by radiographic or

ultrasonic methods as specified. Provided that satisfactory
results are being obtained, one (1) test of a length of 300
mm shall be made for 10% or more of the number of
welded splices in the case where the load will be carried
by the wall or section of the pile will not normally exceed
10%.
(iv) Results shall be made available to the S.O. within ten (10)
days of completion of the tests.
2.7.4.4

Standards for welds

(i)

Longitudinal welds in tubular piles

For piles of longitudinal or spiral weld manufacture where
the load will be carried by the wall of the pile, and if the
pile will be subject to loads which induce reversal of stress
during or after construction other than driving stresses, the
standard for interpretation of non-destructive testing shall
be the American Petroleum Institute Specification 5L. The

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maximum permissible height of weld reinforcement shall

not exceed 3.2 mm for wall thicknesses not exceeding
12.7 mm and 4.8 mm for wall thicknesses greater than
12.7 mm.
(ii)

2.7.5

Circumferential welds
a)

For circumferential welds in tubular piles the same

maximum height of weld reinforcement as specified
above for longitudinal welds in tubular piles shall
apply, the standard for interpretation of nondestructive testing shall be the American Petroleum
Institute Specification 5L.

b)

If the results of any weld test do not conform to the

specified requirements, two (2) additional specimens
from the same length of pile shall be tested. In the
case of failure of one (1) or both of these additional
tests, the length of pile covered by the test shall be
rejected.

Protective coatings
2.7.5.1

The term coating shall include the primer and the coats
specified. If protective coatings are specified, the preparation of
surfaces and the application of the coatings shall be carried out
by skilled labour having experience in the preparation of the
coatings specified.

2.7.5.2

Corrosion protection of permanent steel structure in accordance

with environment classified as C4 according to BS EN ISO
12944-2 shall require durability resistance of 25 years.

2.7.5.3

The protective coating system shall comply with BS EN ISO

12944-5 and shall comprise of at least:
(i)

First coating or prime coat zinc epoxy of 0.08 mm thick

(ii)

Two (2) layers of Intermediate coating of 0.08 mm thick

epoxy each layer

(iii) Top coating of polyurethane of 0.08 mm thick

2.7.5.4

2.7.5.5

Surface preparation
(i)

Surface preparation to cleanliness SA 2 in accordance

with BS EN ISO 12944-4 and BS EN ISO 8501-1.

(ii)

Blast-cleaning shall be done after fabrication. Unless an

instantaneous-recovery blasting machine is used, the
cleaned steel surface shall be air-blasted with clean dry air
and vacuum-cleaned or otherwise freed from abrasive
residues and dust immediately after cleaning.

Application and type of primer

(i)

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Immediately after surface preparation, the surface shall be

coated with an approved primer or the specified coating to
avoid recontamination. No primer coat shall be applied to

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a metal surface which is not thoroughly dry. Within 4 hours

after surface preparation, before visible deterioration takes
place, the surface shall be coated with an appropriate
primer or the specified coating.
(ii)

2.7.5.6

2.7.5.7

The primer shall be compatible with the specified coating

and shall be such that if subsequent welding or cutting is
to be carried out it shall not emit noxious fumes or be
detrimental to the welding.

Control of humidity during coating

(i)

No coating shall be applied when the surface metal

temperature is less than 3C above the dew point
temperature or when the humidity could have an adverse
effect on the coat.

(ii)

When heating or ventilation is used to secure suitable

conditions to allow coating to proceed, care shall be taken
to ensure the heating or ventilation of a local surface does
not have an adverse effect on adjacent surfaces or work
already done.

Part to be welded
The coating within 200 mm of a weld shall be applied after
welding. The method of application shall comply with the
manufacturers recommendations.

2.7.5.8

Thickness, number and colour of coats

(i)

The minimum dry film thickness of the finished coating,

including the minimum dry film thickness of each coat and
the minimum number of coats that are to be applied, shall
be as specified and shown on the Drawings. Coatings
shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.

(ii)

The nominal thickness of the finished coating and each

coat shall be as specified. The average coat or finished
coating thickness shall be equal to or greater than the
specified nominal thickness. In no case shall any coat or
finished coating be less than 75% of the nominal
thickness. Each coat shall be applied after an interval that
ensures the proper hardening or curing of the previous
coat.

(iii) Where more than one (1) coat is applied to a surface,

each coat shall be different colour from the previous coat.
The colour sequence and final coating colour shall be
established prior to application of coatings.
2.7.5.9

Inspection of coatings and acceptability

(i)

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The finished coating shall be generally smooth, of a dense

and uniform texture and free from sharp protuberances or
pin holes.

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(ii)

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Any coat damaged by subsequent processes or which has

deteriorated to an extent such that proper adhesion of the
coating may not be obtained or maintained, shall be
recleaned to the original standard and recoated with the
specified sequence of coats.

(iii) The completed coating shall be checked for thickness and

continuity by an approved magnetic gauge or detector.
Areas where the thickness is less than that specified shall
receive approved additional treatment.
(iv) When specified, the completed coating shall be checked
for adhesion by means of an adhesion test to BS EN ISO
2409, BS 3900-E6, carried out on 10% of the piles. The
adhesion of any completed coating shall not be worse than
Classification 2. If adhesion tests on the initial batch are
satisfactory, then on further batches 1% of the piles shall
be tested. Adhesion tests shall not be carried out until
seven (7) days after coating.
2.7.6

Installation of steel pipe piles

2.7.6.1

Pitching and driving of piles

Pitching and driving of piles shall be in accordance with subsections 2.3.1.1 and 2.3.1.2.

2.7.6.2

2.7.6.3

Lengthening of piles
(i)

Unless otherwise approved, where lengthening of piles is

required, the piles shall be jointed by butt welding along
the entire periphery as detailed on the Drawings.

(ii)

Redriving of the piles shall only be allowed after the

welded joints have sufficiently air cooled to 100C or
below.

Cutting and preparation of pile heads

When a pile has been driven to the required set or depth and
before encasing in concrete, the pile shall be cut to within 20
mm of the levels shown on the Drawings and protective
coatings shall be removed from the surfaces of the pile head
100 mm above the soffit of the concrete. Pile heads shall be
constructed to details as shown on the Drawings.

2.7.6.4

Concreting of pile shaft

(i)

If concreting is specified or shown on the Drawings after

the pile has been cut off to the specified level, the shaft
shall be filled with concrete in a continuous operation. The
method of placing shall be approved by the S.O.

(ii)

The reinforcement cage in the pile shall be made

sufficiently rigid and kept in its correct position during
concreting.

(iii) The length of the reinforcing bars projecting above the

pile cut off level shall be as shown on the Drawings.
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2.8

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Micropiles
2.8.1

Description
This work shall comprise the drilling of a hole, placing of reinforcement unit
and subsequently filling the hole with grout to form micropiles, all in
accordance with this Specification and to the details shown on the
Drawings.

2.8.2

Materials
2.8.2.1

Reinforcement
The type of reinforcement to be used, the diameter and/or
thickness, grade, yield strength and working stress shall be as
specified or as shown on the Drawings.

2.8.2.2

2.8.3

Grout
(i)

Unless otherwise specified, the grout shall be non-shrink

cement grout. The grout mix design such as the watercement ratio, the minimum cement and grout strength at 7
and 28 days shall be as specified and shown on the
Drawings.

(ii)

If admixtures are used, details of admixtures shall be

submitted to the S.O. for approval before commencement
of works. The use of the admixture shall fully comply with
the manufacturer's instructions.

Drilling operations
2.8.3.1

Diameter of piles
The diameter of piles shall not be less than the
specified/designed diameter at any level throughout its length
and shall be in accordance with sub-section 2.5.3.1.

2.8.3.2

Drilling
The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. details of drilling
equipment and drilling procedure for approval before
commencement of works. Drilling operations shall be carried
out in accordance with the relevant requirements of sub-section
2.5.3.

2.8.4

Grouting operations
2.8.4.1

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Mixing and placing grout

(i)

The Contractor shall provide details of the method and

equipment used in grout mixing. Further information such
as grouting pressure, grouting procedure, grouting
equipment and techniques employed in grouting
underwater shall also be furnished for approval.

(ii)

Grout shall be mixed on Site and shall be free from

segregation, slumping and bleeding. Grout shall be
pumped into its final position in one (1) continuous

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operation as soon as possible and in no case more than

half an hour after mixing.
2.8.4.2

Testing grout
(i)

Grout shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 12390

and BS EN 196.

(ii)

Maximum bleed should be limited to 5%.

(iii) If the grout cube as tested failed to satisfy the criteria as

prescribed in Specification and Drawings, the pile
constructed using this batch of grout shall be rejected.
The contractor shall undertake all necessary additional
and consequential remedial works to the approval of the
S.O.
2.8.5

Construction of pile heads

2.8.5.1

Lengthening of piles
Where lengthening is required, the pile reinforcement unit shall
be connected on Site to the details shown on the Drawings.
Other means of jointing reinforcement shall be to the approval
of the S.O.

2.8.5.2

Cutting and preparation of pile heads

Pile heads shall be constructed to the details as shown on the
Drawings.

2.9

Pile Testing
2.9.1

2.9.2

General
2.9.1.1

In order to verify the working load, the Contractor shall carry out
pile load test as shown on the Drawings and / or as instructed
by the S.O. The Contractor shall give at least 48 hours notice of
the commencement of construction of any preliminary pile
which is to be test-loaded.

2.9.1.2

The design and construction of the load application system

shall be satisfactory for the required test. These details shall be
made available prior to the commencement testing.

Construction of pile to be tested

2.9.2.1

Notice of construction
The Contractor shall give at least 48 hours notice of
commencement of construction of any preliminary pile which is
to be tested.

2.9.2.2

Method of construction
Each preliminary test pile shall be constructed in a manner
similar to that to be used for the construction of the working
piles and by the used of similar equipment and material. Extra
reinforcement and concrete of increase strength will be

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permitted in the shafts of preliminary piles where necessary for

carrying out the testing.
2.9.2.3

Boring or driving record

For each preliminary pile which is to be tested, a detailed record
of the conditions experienced during boring or of the progress
during driving, shall be made available daily, not later than noon
on the next working day. Where soil samples are required to be
taken or in-situ tests to be made, the Contractor shall present
the results without delay.

2.9.2.4

2.9.2.5

2.9.2.6

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Concrete test cube

(i)

Three (3) test cubes shall be made from the concrete used
in the preliminary test pile and from the concrete used for
building up the working pile. If the concrete pile is
extended or capped for the purpose of testing, a further
three (3) cubes shall be made from the corresponding
batch of concrete. The cube shall be made and tested in
accordance with SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS of
this Specification.

(ii)

The pile test shall not be started until the strength of the
cubes taken from the pile exceed twice the average direct
stress in any pile section under the maximum required test
load and the strength of the cubes taken from the pile
head or cap exceed twice the average stress at any point
in the pile head or cap under the same load.

Cut-off level
(i)

The cut-off level for the preliminary test pile/working piles

shall be as specified in the Drawings or as directed by the
S.O.

(ii)

Where the cut-off level of working piles is below the

ground level at the time of pile installation and where it is
required to carry out a load test from that installation level,
either allowance shall be made in the determination of the
twice working load for friction which may be developed
between the cut-off level and the existing ground level, or
the piling may be sleeved appropriately or otherwise
protected to eliminate friction which develop over the
extended length.

Preparation for pile head for testing

(i)

For a pile that is tested in compression, the pile head or

cap shall be formed to give the plane surface which is
normal to the axis of the pile, sufficiently large to
accommodate the loading and settlement measuring
equipment and adequately reinforced or protected to
prevent damage from the concentrated application of load
from the loading equipment.

(ii)

For a pile that is tested in tension, means shall be

provided for transmitting the test load axially without
inducing moments in the pile. The connection between the

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pile and the loading equipment shall be constructed in

such a manner as to provide strength equal to the
maximum load which is to be applied to the pile during the
test with an appropriate factor of safety on the structural
design.
2.9.2.7

2.9.2.8

Supervision
(i)

The setting up of pile testing equipment shall be carried

out under competent supervision and the equipment shall
be checked to ensure that the setting-up is satisfactory
before the commencement of load test.

(ii)

All tests shall be carried out only under the direction of an

experience and competent supervisor conversant with the
test equipment and test procedures. All personal operating
the test equipment shall have been trained in its use. The
Curriculum Vitae of Tester(s) shall be submitted 48 hours
prior testing works.

Notice of test
The Contractor shall give at least 24 hours notice of the
commencement of the test. No load shall be applied to the test
pile before the commencement of the specified test procedure.

2.9.3 Protection of testing equipment

2.9.3.1

Protection from weather

Throughout the test period, all equipment for measuring load
and movement and beams shall be protected from adverse
effects of sun, wind and precipitation. Temperature reading
shall be taken at the start, end and at the maximum load of
each loading cycle.

2.9.3.2

Prevention of disturbance
Construction activities and person who are not involved in the
testing processes shall be kept at a sufficient distance from the
test to avoid disturbance to any unavoidable activity and its
effects.

2.9.4 Method of loading

2.9.4.1

Test load
(i)

The test load shall be applied in one (1) of the following

ways:
a)
b)

(ii)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

By means of a jack which obtains its reaction from

kentledge heavier than the required load;
By means of a jack which obtains its reaction from
tension piles or other suitable anchors.

In all cases the Contractor shall ensure that when the

hydraulic jack and load measuring device are mounted on
the pile head, the whole system shall be stable up to the
maximum load to be applied.

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(iii) If in the course of carrying out a test, any unforeseen

occurrence should take place, further loading shall not be
applied until a proper engineering assessment of the
conditions has been made and steps have been taken to
rectify any fault.
(iv) Where an inadequacy in any part of the system might
constitute a hazard, means shall be provided to enable the
test to be controlled from a position clear of the kentledge
stack or test frame.
(v)

The hydraulic jack, pump, hoses, pipes, couplings and

other apparatus to be operated under hydraulic pressure
shall be capable of withstanding a pressure of one and a
half (1.5) times the maximum pressure used in the test
without leaking. Test certificate shall be submitted before
carrying the test.

(vi) The maximum test load expressed as a reading on the

gauge in use shall be displayed and all operators shall be
made aware of this limit.
(vii) When method (a) is used, care shall be taken to ensure
that the centre of gravity of the kentledge is on the axis of
the pile. The nearest edge of the crib supporting the
kentledge stack shall not be closer than 1300 mm to the
surface of the test pile. Kentledge shall not be used for
testing raked piles.
(viii) When method (b) is used, all anchor piles shall be at a
distance of at least three (3) piles shaft diameters from the
test pile, centre to centre, and in no case shall they be less
than 2000 mm from the test pile.
(ix) If the anchor piles are to be permanent working piles, their
levels shall be observed during application of the test load
to ensure no residual uplift occurs.
(x)

2.9.4.2

Alternatively, the Contractor may propose the use of other

types, patented or otherwise, in which case the
requirements as below shall be fully complied with.

Contractors load test system

The Contractor may propose to use other different types from
those specified. The proposal shall be submitted to the S.O. at
least 90 days before the date of testing. The suitability or
adequacy of any system shall be determined by the S.O. In the
event that the testing system proposed by the Contractor is
acceptable, the Contractor shall obtain a P.E.s endorsement on
load settlement results.

2.9.4.3

Measuring apparatus
(i)

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The Contractor shall provide apparatus for measuring

settlement consisting of a primary system, at least one (1)
auxiliary system, and a network of settlement reference
points. Two (2) fixed independent benchmarks at least 15
m from the test site to monitor the settlement reference

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point shall be established. If desired, the auxiliary system

may also be referenced to these benchmarks.
(ii)

2.9.4.4

All measuring devices, scales and reference points with

numbers or letters to ensure accurate data recording shall
be clearly identified.

Reference beams and displacement measuring devices

(i)

At least three (3) Linear Variable Differential Transformers

(LVDT) and a Readout Unit are to be used for measuring
the displacement. DC/DCtype displacement transducer
having at least 75 mm of travel and a linearity of 0.5 % or
less shall be used. A Readout Unit having a minimum
display of three (3) digits, capable of monitoring output
from DC/DC - Type LVDT shall be provided.

(ii)

The measurement devices parallel to the longitudinal axis

of the test pile and the axis of load application shall be
aligned.

(iii) An independent reference beam or beams shall be set up

to enable measurement of the movement of the pile to be
made to the required accuracy. The supports for beam
shall be founded in such a manner and at such a distance
from the test pile and reaction system that movement of
the ground do not cause movement of the reference beam
or beams which will affect the accuracy of the test.
Embedded the references beam supports at least 3000
mm into the crown at a horizontal distance of not less than
3000 mm or ten (10) times pile diameters (whichever is
greater) from the closest face of the test pile and from any
reaction piles or supports for the weighted box of platform
shall be provided. The beam must be free to move
horizontally at one (1) end.
(iv) A clear distance of 150 mm to 300 mm from the test pile to
the references beam or any projection used to support
LVDT shall be maintained. The beam and projections
should be at about the same elevation as the attachments
to the pile on which the measuring devices will bear. The
LVDT supports to references beam shall be attached so
as to allow the stem of each device to rest on a
attachment to the pile sides. Hardway and pile attachment
for LVDT devices shall be mounted using such materials
as brass, aluminium or 303 series stainless steel, to avoid
magnetic interference which the instruments. The pile
attachments are angles, about 75 mm x 100 mm with the
100 mm dimension projecting from the pile. For round pile,
these attachments shall be placed on the perimeter of the
pile at a 120 degrees and an equal radial distance. For pile
of other cross section, the attachments shall be placed at
a convenient location as approved by the S.O.
(v)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Observation of any movements of the reference beam or

beams shall be made and checking of the movement of
the pile head relative to a remote reference datum shall be
made and stopped at maximum load for each loading.

SECTION C : FOUNDATION
WORKS AND WORKS BELOW
LOWEST FLOOR LEVEL
JKR MALAYSIA

2.9.4.5

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Auxiliary systems
(i)

This measuring system shall consist of one (1) or more of

the following: wire, mirror and scale; surveyors level and
target road; or, as alternatives, electrical or optical levels.
a)

Wire, mirror and scale

Pile movement shall be determined by means of a
single strand of wire drawn in front of graduated scale
mounted on a mirror. This scale, at least 150 mm
long and machine-divided in graduations of 250 m,
is mounted on a 75 mm x 150 mm mirror with metal
and glass bonding adhesive or electrical tape. The
mirror shall be attached directly to the pile oriented so
that the mirror face is parallel to the reference beam.
The mirror shall be mounted to the wire between the
ends of the reference beam, with one (1) end fixed
and the other is placed over a pulley with a weight in
order to maintain tension. The wire shall be located
so that it is level and within 20 mm of the mirror face.

b)

c)

Optical levelling method

aa)

An optical levelling method by reference to a

remote datum may be used.

ab)

Where a level and levelling rod are used, the

level and scale of the levelling rod shall be
chosen to enable readings to be made to within
an accuracy of 0.5 mm. A scale attached to the
pile or pile cap may be used instead of levelling
rod. At least two (2) reliable independent datum
points shall be established. Each datum point
shall be so situated as to permit a single setting
up position of the level for all readings.

ac)

No datum point shall be located where it can be

affected by the test loading or other operations
on or off the Site.

Alternative systems
Any other type of electrical or optical gauge yielding
a precision equivalent to the primary system is
acceptable as and alternative, provided prior
written approval is obtained from the S.O.

2.9.4.6

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Measurement of load
(i)

The test load shall be measured by a single load cell or

proving ring calibrated in divisions not exceeding 1% of the
maximum load to be applied. If an electronic transducer is
used, each reading shall be immediately saved so that in
case of power failure the readings are not lost.

(ii)

The load cell or proving ring shall be calibrated

immediately prior to the test and a Certificate of Calibration
shall be made available.

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(iii) All increments of load shall be maintained to within 1% of

the specified load.
(iv) A spherical seating of appropriate size shall be used to
avoid eccentric loading. Care shall be taken to avoid any
risk of buckling of the load application and measuring
system. Load measuring and application devices shall be
in short axial length in order to secure stability. The
Contractor shall ensure that axial loading is maintained.
(v)

2.9.4.7

The loading equipment shall enable the load to be

increased or decreased smoothly or to be held constant at
any required value.

Measurement of settlement
Settlements shall be measured by use of a reference beam or
wire supported independently of the load test pile, reaction pile
or piles supporting reaction loads. Settlements shall be
measured to the nearest 0.1 mm for reference beams or 0.5
mm for reference wires. The reference beam supports shall be
located at least 3 mm from the load test pile, reaction pile or pile
supporting reaction loads. The reference beams or wires shall
be protected from the effects of temperature changes.

2.9.5

Testing procedure
2.9.5.1

2.9.5.2

General
(i)

The loading tests shall be carried out in accordance with

sub-section 2.9.5.2.

(ii)

Prior to the performance of any load test, the Contractor

shall submit to the S.O. for his approval, working Drawings
showing the method and equipment he proposes to use in
the performance of the load test and the measurement of
settlements. Such submission shall include design
calculations of lateral supports or other methods to be
used in ensuring against buckling. Horizontal supports to
ensure bucking stability shall be provided to the pile to be
loaded whenever the ratio of the unsupported height to the
least cross-sectional dimension is 20 or more. Horizontal
supports shall provide full support without restraining the
vertical movement of the pile in any way.

Maintained load test

(i)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

The maintained load test shall be carried out as follows:

a)

The Full Test Load (FTL) on a pile shall be twice

the Working Load (WL) noted on the Drawings.

b)

The load shall be applied in increment of 25% of

the working load, up to the working load and
appropriately smaller thereafter, until a maximum
test load of twice the working load is reached. Each
increment of load shall be applied as smoothly and
as expeditiously as possible. Settlement readings

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and time observations shall be taken before and

after each new load increment.

2.9.6

c)

A time-settlement graph shall be plotted to indicate

when the rate of settlement of 0.05 mm in 15
minutes is reached. A further increment of load
shall be applied when this rate of settlement is
achieved, or until a minimum time of 2 hours has
elapsed, whichever is later. The process shall be
repeated until the maximum test load is reached.

d)

The maximum test load shall then be maintained

for a minimum of 24 hours, and time-settlement
readings shall be taken at regular intervals, as for
the earlier load stages.

e)

The test load shall then be decreased in four (4)

equal stages, and time-settlement readings shall be
as specified a foresaid, until the movement ceases.
At least 60 minutes interval shall be allowed
between the unloading decrements.

f)

During testing, if the result from the each LVDT

differs by more than 20%, the Contractor shall
release the load and recheck the arrangement of
the load cell and redo the load test.

g)

Settlement readings shall be made immediately

after and before every load increment is applied or
removed.

Submission of results
2.9.6.1

Full test data and results from the readout unit shall be jointly
signed by the S.O.s representative and the Contractors
authorised agent immediately upon completion of the maintain
load test, and shall consist of the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Stage of Loading
Period for which the load was held
Final load and load increment
Maximum settlement

2.9.6.2

These are to be plotted as time-settlement graphs.

2.9.6.3

Interpretation of test results

(i)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

The S.O.s interpretation and conclusions on the test

results shall be final. Unless otherwise specified, the pile
so tested shall be deemed to have failed if:
a)

The residual settlement after removal of the test

load at working load exceeds [(diameter of pile or
diagonal width for non-circular pile / 120) + 4] mm
or 12.5 mm whichever is the lower value; or

b)

The total settlement under the Working Load

exceeds 12.5 mm; or

SECTION C : FOUNDATION
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JKR MALAYSIA

c)

2.9.7

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The total settlement under twice the Working Load

exceeds 38 mm, or 10% of pile diameter / width
whichever is the lower value.

Completion of a test
2.9.7.1

2.9.7.2

Removal of test equipment

(i)

On completion of a test, all measuring equipment and load

application devices shall be dismantled and checked. All
other test equipment, including kentledge, beams and
supporting structures shall be removed from the test pile
location. Measuring and other demountable equipment
shall be stored in a safe manner so that it is available for
further tests, if required, or removed from site.

(ii)

Temporary tension piles and ground anchorages shall be

cut off below ground level and off-cut materials removed
from the site. The ground shall be made good to the
original commencing surface level.

Preliminary test pile head

Unless otherwise specified, the head of each preliminary test
pile shall be cut off below ground level, and off-cut materials
removed from the site. The ground shall be made good to the
original commencing surface level.

3. Subterranean Termites Treatment

3.1

The Contractor shall only appoint termite management company (TMC) that has
adequate equipment, competency and skilled workers to perform expeditiously. The
Contractor shall also ensure that the TMC engage workers who are licensed to
apply the termiticide by the relevant authorities.

3.2

All methods of application and chemicals to be used for the treatment of

subterranean termite infestation shall be in accordance to MS 8215: Protection of
Buildings against Subterranean Termites - CP for Prevention, Detection and
Treatment of Infestation.

3.3

The Contractor shall submit a termite management programme and provide the
following in writing:
(i) a termite infestation report;
(ii) details of methods proposed and termiticides to be used.

3.4

The Contractors termite management company shall submit the above proposal
with the Material Safety Data Sheet, product label and brochure indicating the
termiticide to be used to the S.O for approval.

3.5

Termiticide chemicals shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturers

recommendation and label instructions prior to the pouring of concrete to construct
the ground slab or for binding. Notwithstanding the manufacturers recommendation,
the minimum surface application rate shall be 5 l/m2 on all ground floor built-up
areas including apron areas, and also on all areas extending one (1) m beyond the
perimeter drain all aroun the building. In addition, termiticide chemical shall be
sprayed on interfaces between the concrete ground beam and the hardcore at a
minimum rate of 1 l/m.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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3.6

Treatment shall not be performed just before or after heavy rain, unless the area to
be treated can be physically protected to avoid leaching and runoff before the
termiticide chemical has bound to the soil.

3.7

Immediately after spraying the chemical, all surfaces exposed to direct sunlight or
rain shall be covered with an impervious black PVC sheet of minimum thickness of
0.08 mm to reduce the loss of chemical by UV light, alkaline wet concrete, leaching
and runoff caused by rain on exposed treated soil. In the case of areas receiving
blinding, the coverings shall be removed immediately prior to the placement of the
blinding concrete.

3.8

As soon as practicable after the completion of anti-termite treatment and prior to the
issuance of the Certificate of Practical Completion, the Contractor shall submit to
the S.O., the anti-termite treatment specialists Guarantee against any termite attack
to the Works which may arise during a period of two (2) years from the date of
Practical Completion of Works due to any defect, fault or ineffective anti-termite
treatment. The terms of the Guarantee shall be such as shall be approved by the
S.O.

3.9

The Contractor shall verify the ground-water table before soil treatment. For this
purpose, the Contractor shall excavate trial holes of not less than 0.5 m deep
measured from the level below the level of the soil to be treated. The restriction to
soil treatment by virtue of this requirement shall not in any way affect or diminish the
Contractor from any indemnity against termite attacks.

4. Damp Proof Membrane (DPM)

4.1

DPM shall be installed below the ground concrete floor level or as shown on the
Drawings to prevent the rise of moisture or damp through the structure flooring.

4.2

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, the DPM shall be extruded polythene
film with a nominal thickness of 0.5 mm. The nominal weight shall not be less than
0.45kg/m and the tensile strength shall be not less than 44 MPa in accordance with
ISO 527.

4.3

Unless the application surface is smooth it shall be blinded with compacted soft
sand to guarantee a soft bed, free from any objects that may puncture the
membrane during the installation or when concrete is applied.

4.4

When laying two (2) sheets of DPM, a minimum of 150 mm overlap shall be
provided between each of the sheets and sealed with 100 mm wide jointing tape.

4.5

Any punctures in the membrane shall be patched with sheets of identical thickness
lapped at least 150 mm away from the perforation edge and sealed with double
sided pressure sensitive tape.

4.6

The DPM shall be covered with a protective layer or screed as soon as possible
after the membrane has been installed. Care shall be taken when applying concrete
or screed on top the DPM to avoid stretching or the DPM being displaced.

5. Damp Proof Course (DPC)

DPC shall comply with BS 8215: CP for design and installation of DPC in masonry
construction and as specified in SECTION E: NON-STRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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C/38

6. Filling Under Floors, Aprons Et Cetera

Filling shall be provided and laid under floors, aprons, et cetera where required. Filling shall
be of suitable material as specified hereinbefore, deposited in layers not exceeding 155
mm loose thickness, and each layer well watered where necessary, rammed and
compacted. No clay shall be used for filling under floors and aprons.

7. Hardcore
Where shown and required, approved hardcore consisting of good, sound broken bricks or
stones shall be provided and laid to the thickness shown on the Drawings, well rammed,
compacted and blinded with sand. All hardcore shall be well watered immediately prior to
the depositing of concrete thereon.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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C/39

TABLE C1: SPECIFICATION OF PRECAST CONCRETE PILES

Class

Minimum
Concrete
Strength
(N/mm2)

45

1.2 % of cross sectional area

400

45

1.0 % of cross sectional area

400

60

Minimum effective prestressed of 4 N/mm

420

60

Minimum effective prestressed of 5 N/mm2

420

60

Minimum effective prestressed of 7 N/mm2

420

60

Minimum effective prestressed of 5 N/mm2

420

60

Minimum effective prestressed of 7 N/mm2

420

60

55

45

1.0 % of cross sectional area

400

45

0.8 % of cross sectional area

400

Piles
Type

Minimum
Cement
Content
(kg/m3)

Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement

RC

Spun
pile

PC

PCS
RCS

Minimum
N/mm2
Minimum
2
N/mm

effective

prestressed

of

3.5

effective

prestressed

of

3.5

420
420

Type of
Driving
Hammer
driven
Hammer
driven
Hammer
driven
Hammer
driven
Hammer
driven
Hammer
driven
Hammer
driven
Hammer
driven
Jacked-in
Hammer
driven
Jacked-in

NOTES:
1 Concrete strength means characteristic compressive strength at 28 days.
2 The nominal sizes and length for each class of piles are specified in Parts 3, 4, 5 or 6 of Malaysian
Standard, whichever relevant.
Definitions:
1 Precast reinforced concrete square pile (RC pile)
A pile made of concrete cast in a uniform four-sided cross section before driving into the ground. It
shall be suitably reinforced mainly with steel bars.
2 Precast prestressed concrete square pile (PC pile)
A pile described in definition No. 1 but suitably reinforced mainly with prestressing steel.
3 Precast pretensioned spun concrete pile (Spun pile)
A hollow cylindrical pile made of concrete cast by centrifugal spinning before driving into the
ground. It shall be suitably reinforced mainly with pretensioned prestressing steel.
4 Small prestressed concrete square pile (PCS pile)
A small PC pile for sizes 200 mm and less.
5 Small reinforced concrete square pile (RCS pile)
A small RC pile for sizes less than 200 mm.

TABLE C2: SLUMP RANGE FOR TYPICAL CONCRETING SITUATIONS

Typical Conditions of Use

Slump Range
(mm)

Placed into water-free unlined bore. Widely spaced reinforcement leaving room for
free movement between bars.

75 to 125

Where reinforcement is not spaced widely enough to give free movement between bars.
Where casting level of concrete is within the casing.
Where pile diameter is less than 600 mm.

100 to 175

Where concrete is to be placed by tremie under water or drilling fluid.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

150 to collapse

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C/40
APPENDIX C/1

BENDING STRENGTH FOR PRECAST CONCRETE PILES

Pile Body Strength Test
General
Bending strength test on the pile body shall be done to determine the ability of the pile to
withstand the cracking bending moment (Mc) and the ultimate bending strength (Mu). The
bending strength test of pile body shall be made by the application of vertical load P to the
centre of the span, on the pile laid on two (2) supports which has a span equal to 3/5 of its
length.
The applied bending moment shall be calculated from the following equation: -

1
P 3L
WL
1
40
4 5

Where,
M is the applied bending moment (kNm);
W is the weight of pile (kN);
L is the length of pile (m); and
P is the applied load (kN)
The cracking bending moment (Mc)
The pile shall be designed to withstand the cracking bending moment calculated based on the
maximum allowable crack width as shown in TABLE C3. The pile is considered to have passed
the requirement to withstand the cracking bending moment if when subjected to a test load
equal to the cracking load (Pc) corresponding to the appropriate Mc, no crack exceeding the
values in TABLE C3 occurs. The calculated values of Mc are given in TABLE C4, TABLE C5
and TABLE C6.
TABLE C3: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CRACK WIDTH

1
2
3
4

Types of pile
RC pile
Spun pile
PC and PCS pile
RCS pile

Maximum crack width (mm)

0.20
0.05
0.10
0.20

The ultimate bending moment (Mu)

The pile shall be tested to the largest applied load (Pmax) until the pile failure occurs or until the
applied load slightly exceeds the minimum ultimate load (Pmin-u) which corresponds to the
minimum ultimate bending strength, whichever comes first.
The minimum ultimate bending strength (Pmin-u) is obtained by multiplying the cracking bending
moment (Mc) by the factor f as given in.
The pile is considered to have passed the bend test if the pile does not fail when subjected to
Pmin-u load.

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C/41

TABLE C4: CRACKING BENDING MOMENT (MC) AND FACTOR f FOR PRECAST
REINFORCED CONCRETE SQUARE PILES (RC PILES)
Nominal Pile Size
(mm x mm)

Cracking Bending Moment, Mc (kN-m)

Class M
8.3
13.1
22.1
33.7
47.9
65.0

200 x 200
225 x 225
250 x 250
275 x 275
300 x 300
325 x 325
350 x 350
375 x 375
400 x 400
450 x 450

Class J
7.3
11.6
19.6
29.8
42.5
57.8

Class M

Class J

1.5
1.8

2.0

TABLE C5: CRACKING BENDING MOMENT (MC) AND FACTOR f FOR PRECAST
PRETENSIONED SPUN CONCRETE PILES (SPUN PILES)
Nominal
Diameter
(mm)
250
300
350
400

450

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1200

Class

Minimum Concrete
Strength
(N/mm2)

Cracking Bending
Moment (Mc) (kNm)

Factor
'f'

Effective
Prestress
(N/mm2)

B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C

60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60

12
17
20
26
30
38
43
54
53
60
76
74
84
106
123
141
177
191
218
273
278
318
399
390
445
558
527
601
755
853
973
1217

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.8

5.0
4.0
5.0
4.0
5.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0

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C/42

TABLE C6: CRACKING BENDING MOMENT (MC) AND FACTOR f FOR PRECAST
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SQUARE PILES CLASS PC-X, CLASS PC-Y, SMALL PILES

Size
(mm)

Class of
Pile

Minimum
Concrete
Strength
(N/mm2)

Minimum
Effective
Prestress
(N/mm2)

Cracking Bending
Moment, Mc
(kNm)

Factor 'f'

PCS-1

60

3.5

2.9

1.5

PCS-2

55

3.5

2.9

1.5

PCS-1

60

3.5

4.9

1.5

55

3.5

1.5

1.5

PCS-1

60

3.5

7.8

1.5

PCS-2

55

3.5

7.8

1.5

PCS-2

55

3.5

11.7

1.5

PC-X

60

5.0

13.7

1.5

PC-Y

60

7.0

16.4

1.7

PC-X

60

5.0

26.5

1.5

PC-Y

60

7.0

31.7

1.7

PC-X

60

5.0

45.2

1.5

PC-Y

60

7.0

54.2

1.7

PC-X

60

5.0

70.9

1.5

PC-Y

60

7.0

85.2

1.7

PC-X

60

5.0

104.5

1.5

PC-Y

60

7.0

125.9

1.7

PC-X

60

5.0

147.0

1.5

PC-Y

60

7.0

177.4

1.7

125

150
PCS-2
175

200

250

300

350

400

450

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

General
Material
Concrete Conformity And Identity Testing
Production Of Concrete
Construction With Concrete
Steel Reinforcement
Formwork And Surface Finish For Structure
Mass And Lean Concrete
Building Accuracy
Apparatus
Precast Concrete Construction
Other Concrete Works

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Figure D1 : Lift Shaft Enclosure

Figure D2 : Limit Of Accuracy Of Shaft Plumb On All Sides Of Shaft
Enclosure
Figure D3 : Accuracy Of Structural Opening
Table D1 : Composition Of Common Cements
Table D2 : Testing Of Aggregates
Table D3 : Grading For Coarse Aggregate
Table D3A : Grading For Fine Aggregate
Table D4 : Admixture Acceptance Test Requirements
Table D5 : Prescribed Mixes For General Use Per Cubic Meter Of Concrete
By Weight Batching
Table D5A : Proportion And Strength Requirements For Prescribed Mixes By
Volume Batching
Table D6 : Durability Recommendations For Reinforced Or Prestressed
Elements With An Intended Working Life Of At Least 50 Years
Table D6A : Minimum Cement Content For Maximum Aggregate Sizes Other
Than 20 mm
Table D7 : Slump Classes
Table D7A : Compaction Classes
Table D7B : Vebe Classes
Table D7C : Flow Classes
Table D7D : Consistence Suitable For Different Uses Of In-situ Concrete
Table D7E : Maximum Total Chloride
Table D8 : Compressive Strength Classes For Normal Weight And Heavy
Weight Concrete
Table D9 : Compressive Strength Classes For Light Weight Concrete
Table D10 : Minimum Rate Of Sampling For Assessing Conformity
Table D11 : Conformity Criteria For Compressive Strength
Table D12 : Compressive Strength Requirements For Prescribed Mix
Table D13 : Identity Criteria For Compressive Strength
Table D14 : Identity Criteria For Slump Specified As A Slump Class
Table D15 : Identity Criteria For Slump Specified As A Target Value
Table D16 : Recorded Data And Other Documents
Table D17 : Characteristic Strength Of Steel Reinforcement
Table D18 : Minimum Periods Between Concreting And Removal Of Forms

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1. General
This section shall apply to the construction of all structures or parts of structures to be
composed of concrete with or without steel reinforcement. The work shall be carried out all
in accordance with this specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and crosssections shown on the Drawings and as required by the S.O.

2.

Material
2.1 Cement
2.1.1

The cement to be used throughout the Work shall be cement obtained from
SIRIM-certified manufacturer. The cement shall be described and complied
with MS EN 197-1 as shown in TABLE D1.

2.1.2

Certificates of test
2.1.2.1 Manufacturers' certificates of test shall in general be accepted as
proof of soundness. Additional tests shall be carried out on any
cement which appears to have deteriorated through age, damage to
containers, improper storage, or any other reason. The test shall be
carried out at any approved laboratory in accordance with MS EN
196 at the expense of the Contractor. Any batch of cement that has
been sampled and tested and found not to have complied with the
requirements shall be rejected and removed from the Site.
2.1.2.2 The S.O. may, without tests being made, order that any bag of
cement, a portion of the contents of which has hardened, or which
appears to be defective in any other way, be removed from the Site.

2.1.3

Transportation and storage

The cement shall be transported to the Site in covered vehicles adequately
protected against water. It shall be stored in a weatherproof cement store to
the approval of the S.O. Cement stored in bags shall not be laid directly on
the ground. It shall be taken for use in the Work in the order of its delivery into
the store. Cement delivered in bulk shall be stored in purposely built silos of
an approved design.

2.2 Aggregates
2.2.1

Aggregates shall be naturally occurring sand, granite or limestone, crushed or

uncrushed, except as otherwise specified, and shall comply with MS EN
12620. They shall be obtained from a source approved by the S.O. Marine
aggregates shall not be used.

2.2.2

Coarse aggregates
Coarse aggregates shall comply with MS EN 12620. For work below ground
level, only crushed granite shall be used. Unless otherwise specified in the
Drawings, tests shall be carried out according to MS 30. The property limits
shall be as specified in TABLE D2. The maximum nominal size of aggregate
shall be as specified in the Drawings.

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Fine aggregates
Fine aggregates shall comply with MS EN 12620. In the context of MS EN
12620, the term 'sand' is used to mean 'fine aggregate'. Unless otherwise
specified in the Drawings, tests shall be carried out in accordance with MS 30.
The property limits shall be as specified in TABLE D2.

2.2.4

Grading
2.2.4.1 Coarse aggregates
The grading of coarse aggregates shall be analysed as described in
MS 30 and shall be within the limits specified in TABLE D3.
2.2.4.2 Fine aggregates
The grading of fine aggregates shall be analysed as described in
MS 30 and shall be within the limits specified in TABLE D3A.
However, for prescribed mixes Grading Limit M shall only be used.

2.2.5

Sampling and testing of aggregates

Where site mixing is used, samples of fine and coarse aggregates approved
by the S.O. shall be kept on Site. These samples shall give a fair indication of
the general quality of the aggregates for comparison with the aggregates
delivered during the course of executing the work. Tests shall be carried out
on samples of the latter, taken at intervals as required by the S.O., or
whenever there is a change of source. The appropriate method of sampling
and testing shall be in accordance with the standards as specified in TABLE
D2. Any batch of aggregate rejected by the S.O. shall be removed from the
Site.

2.2.6

Storage of aggregates
2.2.6.1 Separate storage facilities with adequate provision for drainage shall
be provided for each different size of aggregate used.
2.2.6.2 Aggregate shall be handled and stored so as to minimize
segregation and contamination.

2.3 Water
Water shall comply with the requirements of MS EN 1008. It shall be clean and free
from materials deleterious to concrete in the plastic and hardened state and shall be
from a source approved by the S.O. The S.O. may instruct the Contractor to carry out
chemical tests at any approved laboratory at the expense of the Contractor. The
Contractor shall make adequate arrangement to supply and store sufficient water at
the Site for use in mixing and curing of concrete.
2.4 Admixtures
2.4.1

Suitable admixtures may be used in concrete mixes with the prior approval of
or as directed by the S.O.

2.4.2

The admixtures, the sampling and testing of the admixtures and the
information to be provided with the admixture supplied shall comply with MS
EN 934/ BS EN 934-2

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2.4.3

All admixtures shall be used strictly in accordance with manufacturer's

recommendation.

2.4.4

Before allowing the admixture to be used in the Work, relevant tests based on
trial mixes shall be carried out. A control mix shall be made using a
conventional trial mix that is without using the admixture, to determine the free
water: cement ratio and mix proportion required to give the specified strength
with the required slump. Using the same mix proportion as in the control mix
but with a modified water: cement ratio whenever necessary, a test shall be
carried out using the recommended dosage of the admixture. The results of
the relevant test obtained from the control mix and test mix shall be
compared. The S.O. may allow the use of the admixture only when the
results are found to be satisfactory and comparable to the effects as claimed
by the manufacturer. The admixture acceptance test shall comply with the
requirements specified in TABLE D4.

2.4.5

The uses of admixtures that are chloride based are not permitted for structural
concrete containing reinforcement, prestressing tendons or other embedded
metal. The Contractor shall submit documentary evidence on the contents of
the admixture to be used.

2.4.6

When the Contractor proposes the use of super-plasticiser, special control

tests shall be carried out with prior approval of the S.O. The tests shall be
carried out in accordance with the latest standard and the manufacturer's
recommendations.

2.4.7

If two or more admixtures are proposed to be used simultaneously in the

same concrete mix, the Contractor shall furnish the S.O. with supporting data
on their suitability and compatibility.

Classification Of Concrete Mixes

2.5.1

The concrete mix shall be designed concrete to MS523-1 and MS523-2

unless otherwise stated in the Drawings. However, prescribed concrete may
be used subject to the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

2.5.2

The work is of minor nature or involving a small quantity of concrete,

Prior approval is given by the S.O.,
The Contractor shall be responsible for the strength of the concrete
Only CEM I cement is specified to be used

When other than CEM I cement is specified to be used, the concrete mix shall
be of designed concrete only.

2.6 Prescribed Concrete

2.6.1

Prescribed concrete shall conform to MS 523-1 and MS 523-2. Prescribed

concrete shall be as detailed in TABLE D5. The mix prescribed in the table
does not require the use of admixture.

2.6.2

For small volume concreting work, volume batching is permitted provided prior
approval of the S.O. is obtained. The proportion shall be as specified in
TABLE D5A.

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2.7 Designed Concrete

2.7.1

Designed concrete shall comply with the recommendations of MS523-1 and

MS 523-2. The minimum cement content and maximum free water: cement
ratio to be used shall be as shown on TABLE D6 and D6A.

2.7.2

The Contractor shall comply with the following requirements:

(i) Notify the S.O. whether the designed concrete is to be produced as sitemixed or ready-mixed.
(ii) If the Contractor chooses to use ready mix concrete, he shall notify the
S.O. the name of the supplier, location of the ready mix plant, journey
time taken to transport the concrete to the Site and production capacity of
the plant
(iii) Submit a mix design report covering all concrete mixes to the S.O. for
approval. The designed concrete shall comply with the requirements
specified in TABLE D6 and D6A.
(iv) The Contractor shall ensure that the S.O. be permitted to visit or station
his representative at the plant at any stage of the concrete production

2.8 Requirements For Concrete

2.8.1

Concrete grade
The grade of concrete to be used in the work shall be as stated in the
Drawings and /or in the B.Q. (Concrete shall be designated as Grade X/Y
where 'X' is minimum characteristic cylinder strength in N/mm2, and 'Y' is
minimum characteristic cube strength in N/mm2. For prescribed mix, a suffix
'P' shall be added after 'X').

2.8.2

Cement content
2.8.2.1 Cement content in this specification shall refer to the total quantities
of cement as approved in sub-section 2.1, or the total quantities of
cementitious materials comprising Portland cement and other
constituents complying to MS EN 197-1.
2.8.2.2 Minimum cement content
The minimum cement content shall be in accordance with TABLE D6
and D6A, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings
2.8.2.3 Maximum cement content
The maximum cement content shall not exceed 550 kg/m3 unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings or as approved by the S.O.

2.8.3

Consistence
2.8.3.1 The consistence of the fresh concrete shall be judged by its
suitability for the condition of handling and placing so that after
compaction, it surrounds all reinforcement, tendons and ducts and
completely fills the formwork. Consistence of the concrete shall be
within one of the following limits:
(i) Slump classes (Refer to TABLE D7)
(ii) Compacting classes (Refer to TABLE D7A)

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(iii) Vebe classes (Refer to TABLE D7B)

(iv) Flow classes (Refer to TABLE D7C)
2.8.3.2 Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, consistence values
expressed as slump and flow classes appropriate to different uses of
concrete shall be as given in TABLE D7D.
2.8.4

Total chloride content

The total chloride content of the concrete mix arising from the aggregate or
any other source shall not in any circumstances exceed the limits in TABLE
D7E expressed as a percentage relationship between chloride ions and
weight of cement in the mix. When necessary, tests shall be carried out in
accordance with BS 1881: Part 124 for each grade of concrete, to
demonstrate that these limits are not exceeded.

2.8.5

Maximum sulphate content

The total estimated sulphate content of any mix, including that present in the
cement shall not exceed 4% by weight of cement in the mix. Where
necessary, tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1881: Part 124 for
each grade of concrete to demonstrate that this limit is not exceeded.

3. Concrete Conformity And Identity Testing

3.1 Evaluation Of Conformity
3.1.1

General
3.1.1.1 The contractor is responsible for the evaluation of conformity for
specified requirements of the concrete. For this purpose, the
contractor shall carry out the following tasks:
(i) Initial test,
(ii) Production control including conformity control

3.1.2

Concrete composition and initial testing

3.1.2.1 In the case of using a new concrete composition, initial testing shall
be performed to provide a concrete that achieves the specified
properties or intended performance with an adequate margin. The
concrete design and design relationships shall be re-established in
the case of a prescribed concrete.
3.1.2.2 New concrete composition shall be reviewed periodically to provide
assurance that all concrete designs are still in accordance with the
actual requirements, taking account of the change in properties of
the constituent materials and the results of conformity testing on the
concrete compositions.

3.1.3

Initial tests
3.1.3.1 Frequency of initial tests
Initial test shall be repeated if there has been a significant change
either in the constituent materials or in the specified requirements on
which the previous test were based.

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3.1.3.2 Test conditions

(i)

In general, initial test shall be carried out on fresh concrete with

a temperature 272C

(ii)

For the initial test of single concrete, at least three specimens

from each of three batches shall be tested.

(iii) The strength of a batch or load shall be taken to be the average

of the test results. The result of the initial test on the concrete is
the average strength of the batches or loads.
3.1.3.3 Criteria for adoption of initial tests
(i)

For assessing the properties of concrete, in particular those of

fresh concrete, the differences between the type of mixer and
mixing procedure applied during the initial test and those
applied during actual production shall be taken into account.

(ii)

The compressive strength of the concrete with the composition

to be adopted for the actual case shall exceed the values fck of
TABLE D8 or TABLE D9 by an adequate margin. This margin
shall be at least that need to satisfy the conformity criteria given
in sub-section 4.2.1.3. The margin should be about twice the
expected standard deviation, that means at least a margin of 6
N/mm2 to 12 N/mm2 depending on the production facilities, the
constituent materials and the available background information
about the variation.

(iii) The consistence of the concrete shall be within the limits of the
consistence class, at the time at which the concrete likely to be
placed or in the case of ready mixed concrete, delivered.
(iv) For other properties that are specified, the concrete shall meet
the specified values with an appropriate margin.
3.2 Conformity Control For Designed Concrete
3.2.1

Conformity control for compressive strength

3.2.1.1 General
(i)

For normal-weight and heavy-weight concrete of strength

classes from C8/10 to C55/67 or light-weight concrete from
LC8/9 to LC55/60, sampling and testing shall be performed on
individual concrete compositions.

(ii)

In the sampling and testing plan and the conformity criteria of

individual concrete compositions distinction is made between
initial production and continuous production.
(iii) Initial production covers the production until at least 35 test
results are available.
(iv) Continuous production is achieved when at least 35 test result
are obtained over a period not exceeding 12 months.

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(v)

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If production of an individual concrete composition, has been

suspended more than 12 months, the criteria, sampling and
testing plan given for initial production shall be adopted.

(vi) During continuous production, the sampling and testing plan

and the criteria for initial production may be adopted.
(vii) If the strength is specified for a different age, the conformity is
assessed on specimens tested at the specified age.
(viii) Identity testing shall be carried out in accordance to 4.4 in order
to verify that a defined volume comes from a conforming
population.
3.2.1.2 Sampling and Testing
(i)

Samples of concrete shall be randomly selected and taken in

accordance with EN 12350-1. The minimum rate of sampling
and of testing of concrete shall be in accordance with TABLE
D10 at the rate that gives the highest number of samples for
initial or continuous production, as appropriate.

(ii)

The samples shall be taken after any water or admixtures are

added to the concrete, but sampling before adding plasticizer to
adjust the consistence is permitted where there is proof by
initial testing that the plasticizer or super plasticizer in quality to
be used has no negative effect on the strength of the concrete.

(iii) The test result shall be that obtained from an individual

specimen or the average of the results when two or more
specimens made from one sample are tested at the same age.
(iv) Where two or more specimens are made from one sample and
the range of the test values is more than 15 % of the mean the
result shall be disregarded unless an investigation reveals an
acceptable reason to justify disregarding an individual test
value.
3.2.1.3 Conformity criteria for compressive strength
(i)

Conformity assessment shall be made be made on test results

taken during an assessment period that shall not exceed the
last twelve months.

(ii)

Conformity of concrete compressive strength is assessed on

specimens tested at 28 days in accordance with :
a) Groups of n non-overlapping or overlapping consecutive
test results fcm (Criterion 1)
b) Each individual test result fa (Criterion 2)

(iii) Conformity is confirmed if both the criteria given in TABLE D11

for either initial or continuous production are satisfied.
(iv) Initially, the standard deviation shall be calculated from at least
35 consecutive test results taken over a period exceeding three
months and which is immediately prior to the production period
during which conformity is to be checked. This value shall be
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taken as the estimate of the standard deviation () of the

population. The validity of the adopted value shall be verified
during the subsequent production using Method 1 as stated
below. However, Method 2 may be used if approved by the
S.O.
a) Method 1
The initial value of standard deviation may be applied for
the subsequent period during which conformity is to be
checked, provided the standard deviation of the latest 15
results (s15) does not deviate significantly from the adopted
standard deviation. This is considered valid provided:
0.63 s151.37
Where the value of s15 lies outside these limits, a new
estimate of shall be determined from last available 35 test
results
b) Method 2
The new value of may be estimated from a continuous
system and this value is adopted. The sensitivity of the
system shall be at least that of Method 1.
3.3 Non-conformity Of Product
3.3.1

The following actions shall be taken by the Contractor in the event of nonconformity:
(i)
(ii)

Check test results and if invalid, take action to eliminate errors;

If non-conformity is confirmed e.g. by retesting, take corrective actions
including a management review of relevant production control
procedures;
(iii) Where there is confirmed non-conformity with the specification that was
not obvious at delivery, notice shall be given to the S.O. in order to avoid
any consequential damage;
(iv) Record actions on the items above
3.3.2

If the Contractor has given notice of non-conformity of the concrete or if the

results of conformity tests do not fulfil the requirements, supplementary testing
according to EN 12504-1 on cores taken from the structure or components or
a combination of tests on cores and non-destructive tests on the structure or
in structural components as given in EN 13791 shall be required by the S.O.

3.4 Identity Testing

3.4.1

General
Identity testing indicates whether the defined volume of concrete in question
belongs to the same population as that verified as conforming with the
characteristic strength via conformity assessment.

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Identity testing for compressive strength

3.4.2.1 Sampling and testing plan
(i)

The sampling rate for identity testing shall be as follows:

a) One sample per 10.0 m3 or every group of 10 batches for
critical structures e.g. prestressed concrete, masts,
cantilevers, columns, footing, pile caps, shear wall,
retaining wall.
b) One sample per 20.0m3 or every group of 20 batches e.g.
slabs, beams.
c) One sample per 50.0 m3 or every group of 50 batches e.g.
raft foundation and mass concrete.

(ii)

Samples shall be taken from different batches or loads in

accordance with EN 12350-1 Test specimens shall be prepared
and cured in accordance with EN 12390-2. The compressive
strength of the specimens shall be determined in accordance
with EN 12390-3 The test result shall be that obtained from the
average of the results of two or more specimens made from
one sample for testing at the same age. Where the range of test
values is more than 15% of the mean, the results shall be
disregarded unless an investigation reveals an acceptable to
justify disregarding an individual test value.

3.4.2.2 Cube strength at 7 days

One cube from each sample batch shall be tested for the seven (7)
days compressive strength. The cube compressive strength shall not
fall below the corresponding values given in TABLE D12 for
prescribed concrete, and two-third (2/3) of the twenty eight (28) days
compressive strength for designed concrete.
3.4.3

Identity criteria for compressive strength

3.4.3.1 Concrete under production control certification
(i)

Identity of concrete is assessed for each individual strength test

result and the average non-overlapping discrete results as
identified in TABLE D13.

(ii)

Concrete is deemed to come from a conforming population if

both the criteria in TABLE D13 are satisfied for n results derived
from strength tests on samples taken from the defined volume
of concrete.

3.4.3.2 Concrete not under production control certification

From the defined volume of concrete, at least three (3) samples shall
be taken for testing. The concrete is deemed to come from a
conforming population if the conformity in sub-section 4.2.1.3 and
TABLE D11 for initial production is satisfied.

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Identity testing for slump and flow

3.4.4.1 Sampling and testing plan
(i)

The sampling shall be either:

a) In accordance with MS26-1-1; or
b) Measured using a spot sample obtained from the initial
discharge, if concrete is delivered in a truck mixer or
agitating equipment. The spot sample shall be taken after a
discharge of approximately 0.3 m3 by taking six increments
from the moving stream of the concrete in accordance with
MS 26-1-1.

(ii)

3.4.5

The sample shall be remixed on a non-absorbent surface and

tested for slump or flow. Slump shall be measured in
accordance with MS 26-1-2. Flow shall be measured in
accordance with MS 26-1-5.

Identity criteria for the slump of an individual batch

If the measured slump meets the requirements specified in TABLE D14 or is
within the tolerance specified in TABLE D15, the identity test confirms that the
batch conforms to MS 523: Part 1 with respect to consistence. For identity
criteria for flow reference shall be made to Annex B of MS523-2.

4. Production Of Concrete
4.1 General
4.1.1

All concrete shall be subjected to production control under the responsibility of

the contractor.
4.1.1.1 Production control comprises all measures necessary to maintain the
properties of concrete in conformity to specified requirements. It
includes:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

selection of materials.
concrete design.
concrete production.
inspection and tests.
the use of the results of test on constituent materials, fresh and
hardened concrete and equipment.
(vi) For ready-mixed concrete, inspection of equipment used in
transporting fresh concrete.
4.2 Production Control System
The production control system shall contain adequately documented procedures and
instructions. These procedures and instructions shall, where relevant, be established
in respect of the control requirement as given in the TABLES D10, D11 and D16.
4.3 Supervision
The Contractor shall ensure the required standard of control over materials and
workmanship. The S.O. shall be afforded all reasonable opportunities and facilities to
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inspect the constituent materials and the production of concrete and to take samples
for testing.
4.4 Site Mixed Concrete
4.4.1

The quantities of cement, fine aggregate and various sizes of coarse

aggregate shall be measured by weight unless otherwise approved by the
S.O. A separate weighing machine shall be provided for weighing the cement.
Alternatively, the cement may be measured by using a whole number of bags
in each batch. The quantity of water shall be measured by volume or by
weight. Any solid admixtures to be added shall be measured by weight; liquid
or paste admixtures shall be measured by volume or weight.

4.4.2

The batch weight of aggregate shall be adjusted to allow for the moisture
content of the aggregate being used. All measuring equipment shall be
calibrated on site or their calibration status established by certificates from
accredited laboratories.

4.4.3

The mixing time shall be not less than two minutes and not more than five
minutes or any other time recommended by the mixer manufacturer after all
the ingredients have been placed in the mixer.

4.4.4

Mixers that have been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be thoroughly
cleaned before any fresh concrete is mixed. Unless otherwise agreed by the
S.O., the first batch of concrete through the mixer shall contain only two thirds
of the normal quantity of coarse aggregate. The mixer shall be thoroughly
cleaned before changing from one type of cement to another.

4.4.5

The water content of each batch of concrete may be adjusted so as to

produce concrete of the workability required. However care shall be taken to
ensure the free water: cement ratio is maintained. The total amount of water
added to the mix shall be recorded.

4.5 Ready Mixed Concrete

4.5.1

Ready mixed concrete are batched, either dry or wet, at a control plant and
transported in purpose-made agitators operating continuously or truck mixers
to the Site.

4.5.2

Ready mixed concrete shall comply with the requirements of designed

concrete as in sub-section 3.2 and MS 523-1. All concrete materials, including
water and admixtures shall be mixed in the plant and delivered to Site in
purpose made truck mixers. No extra water or admixtures are allowed to be
added after the concrete has left the plant.

4.5.3

Ready mixed concrete delivered to the Site shall be accompanied by delivery

ticket and manufacturer's batching record stating the details of mix proportions
by weight, the grade of concrete, type and size of aggregate, date and time of
loading at plant, type and dosage of chemical admixtures and other relevant
production details in suitable format, failing which the S.O, or his
representative, shall immediately reject the total load of the concrete. The
S.O, or his representative, and the contractor shall ensure the information
provided in the delivery tickets and the manufacturer's batching record
complies with the details of the approved 'designed concrete' and its
corresponding consistence as in sub-section 3.2.1 before discharging the
concrete.

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Rejected concrete shall be removed from the Site. The delivery ticket shall be
marked 'REJECTED'.

4.6 Transporting
Concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the formwork as rapidly as practicable
by methods, which will prevent segregation or loss of any constituents or ingress of
foreign matter or water and maintain the required workability. It shall be deposited as
near as practicable in its final position to avoid rehandling or moving the concrete
horizontally by vibration. The concrete shall be conveyed by chutes or concrete
pumps only with permission from the S.O.
4.7 Placing
4.7.1

Placing of concrete in dry condition

4.7.1.1 For all concrete whether mixed on or off the site of the Work, each
batch shall be placed and compacted within two (2) hours of adding
the cement to the dry aggregates and within 45 minutes (or any
other period of time based on the trial mix as per sub-sections 2.4
and 3.2.3 and approved by the S.O. if an admixture is used) of
adding water to the cement and aggregate. Concrete shall not be
placed in any part of the structure until the approval of the S.O. has
been obtained. If concreting is not started within 24 hours of
approval given, approval shall again be obtained from the S.O.
4.7.1.2 All formwork and reinforcement contained in it shall be clean and
free from standing water immediately before the placing of concrete.
Concreting shall be carried out continuously between and up to
predetermined construction joints in one sequence of operation. It
shall be thoroughly compacted by either hand tamping or mechanical
vibration or both and shall be thoroughly worked into the corners.
After tamping into place the concrete shall not be subjected to
disturbance other than such as incidental to compaction by vibration.
In the event of unavoidable stoppage in positions not predetermined,
the concreting shall be terminated on a horizontal plane and against
vertical surfaces by the use of stop boards. The location for
termination shall be subjected to the approval of the S.O.
4.7.1.3 Fresh concrete shall not be placed against in-situ concrete which
has been in position for more than 45 minutes unless a construction
joint is formed in accordance with sub-section 6.1. When in-situ
concrete has been in place for four hours, no further concrete shall
be placed against it for a further 20 hours. Where retarding
admixture has been used, the S.O. may approve variation to this
limit.
4.7.1.4 Except where otherwise approved by the S.O., concrete shall be
deposited in horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding
450 mm when internal vibrators are used or 300 mm in all other
cases. The surface of the concrete shall be maintained reasonably
level during placing.
4.7.1.5 Concrete shall not be dropped into place from a height exceeding
1.5 m. However, higher drops may be allowed provided the mix has
been well designed and proportioned. When trunking or chutes are
used, they shall be kept clean and used in such a manner as to
avoid segregation.

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4.7.1.6 The Contractor shall maintain an experienced steel fixer at the site of
reinforced concrete works during the placing of concrete to
reposition any reinforcement which may be displaced.
4.7.2

Placing of concrete under water

4.7.2.1 No concrete shall be placed in flowing water. Underwater concrete if
deemed unavoidable, shall be placed in position by Tremie pipes
from the mixer. During and after concreting under water, pumping or
dewatering operations in the immediate vicinity shall be suspended
until the S.O. permits them to continue. Where the concrete is placed
by a Tremie pipe, the following requirements shall be applicable: (i)

The hopper and tremie pipe shall be a closed system. The

bottom of the Tremie pipe shall be kept as far as practicable
beneath the surface of the placed concrete.

(ii)

The tremie pipe shall be large enough with due regard to the
size of aggregate. For 20 mm aggregates, the Tremie pipe shall
be of a diameter not less than 150 mm and for larger
aggregates, a bigger diameter Tremie pipe approved by the
S.O. shall be used.

(iii) Unless otherwise agreed by the S.O., the first charge of

concrete shall be placed with a sliding plug pushed down the
Tremie pipe ahead of it to prevent mixing of concrete and water.
(iv) The Tremie pipe shall always penetrate well into the concrete
with an adequate margin of safety against accidental withdrawal
if the pipe is surged to discharge the concrete.
(v)

The concrete shall be deposited wholly by Tremie pipe and the

method of deposition shall not be changed part way up to
prevent the laitance from being entrapped within the structure.

(vi) All Tremie pipes shall be properly cleaned after use.

4.8 Placement Temperature
4.8.1

Placement temperature shall comply with MS 523-3 to prevent premature

setting and loss of water during placing of concrete in the formwork and the
following precautions shall be taken:
(i)
(ii)

At the time of placing, no part of the concrete shall have a temperature

exceeding 36C. This may be achieved by cooling the water and
aggregate prior to mixing.
Concrete shall not be placed in forms or around reinforcement whose
temperature exceeds 36C. This can be achieved by providing shading
or other means to protect from direct sunlight.

(iii) Freshly placed concrete shall be protected from direct sunlight and from
loss of moisture by covering, shading or other means.
(iv) No concrete shall be placed when the air temperature at the point of
deposition exceeds 36C
4.8.2

However, higher temperatures may be allowed if specified in the Drawings.

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4.9 Compaction
4.9.1

Unless otherwise approved by the S.O., concrete shall be thoroughly

compacted by vibration and thoroughly worked around the reinforcement,
tendons or duct formers, around embedded fixtures and into corners of the
formwork to form a dense, homogenous mass, free from voids and which will
have the required surface finish when the formwork is removed. Vibration
shall be applied continuously during the placing of each batch of concrete until
the expulsion of air has practically ceased and in a manner which does not
promote segregation of the ingredients.

4.9.2

The concrete maintained between the two walls of formwork shall be

compacted by internal or external vibrators. Concrete in slabs with no
formwork on its upper surface shall be compacted either by vibrators of the
pan type or by a vibrating screen.

4.9.3

The internal vibrators shall be inserted and withdrawn slowly and at a uniform
pace of approximately 100 mm per second. Compaction shall be deemed to
be completed when cement mortar appears in an annulus around the vibrator.
Over vibration leading to segregation of the mix must be avoided. The internal
vibrators shall be inserted at points judged by the area of mortar showing after
compaction, with a certain allowance made for overlapping and they shall not
be allowed to come into contact with the formwork or the reinforcement and
shall be inserted at a distance of not less than 75 mm from the formwork.

4.9.4

The pan vibrator shall be placed on the surface of the concrete, which shall
have previously been tamped and leveled leaving an allowance in height for
compaction until the cement mortar appears under the pan. The vibrator shall
then be lifted and placed on the adjoining surface and this operation shall be
repeated until the whole surface has been compacted. Alternatively, a
vibrating screen spanning the full width of the surface may also be used.

4.9.5

Whenever vibration has to be applied externally, the design of formwork and

disposition of vibration shall receive special consideration to ensure efficient
compaction and to avoid surface blemishes. The vibration shall be such that
there will be no excess water on the top surface on completion of compaction.

4.9.6

External vibrators shall be firmly secured to the formwork which must be

sufficiently rigid to transmit the vibration and strong enough not to be
damaged by it. Internal vibrators shall be capable of operating at not less than
10,000 cycles per minute and external vibrators at not less than 3,000 cycles
per minute. Sufficient vibrators in serviceable condition shall be on Site so that
spare equipment is always available in the event of breakdowns. Vibrators
shall be operated by workmen skilled in their use.

4.9.7

Concrete shall not be subjected to any disturbance within 24 hours after

compaction. No standing or flowing water shall be allowed to come into
contact with exposed concrete surfaces during the first two (2) hours after
placing and compaction of the concrete.

4.9.8

In the event where inadequate or improper compaction is suspected, the S.O.

has the right to inspect and to carry out further tests. The tests may include
non-destructive and destructive methods. All expenses incurred in carrying
out such sampling, testing and remedial works shall be borne by the
Contractor irrespective of whether the tests prove the structure to be sound or
otherwise.

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4.10 Curing And Protection

4.10.1 All concrete work shall be cured for the full period of curing which shall not be
less than five (5) days for F1, F2, F3 and F4 surfaces, but not less than three
(3) days for F11, F12, F13, F14 and F15 surfaces.
4.10.2 Curing and protection shall start immediately after compaction of the concrete
to protect it from:
(i)

Impact damage such as shock, overloading or falling earth which may

disrupt the concrete and interface with its bond to reinforcements.
(ii) Premature drying out from direct sunlight and wind.
(iii) Leaching out by rain and flowing water.
(iv) High internal thermal gradients.
4.10.3 Normal curing and protection
4.10.3.1 Concrete, after it is placed and until the expiration of the curing
duration, shall not be allowed to dry out. Provision shall be made for
adequate protection against direct sunlight and wind to allow the
process of curing to complete within the specified period.
4.10.3.2 Curing and protection shall be accomplished by covering the
exposed concrete surface with an impermeable material such as
polyethylene sheet, which should be well sealed and fastened and if
required, this treatment can be continued efficiently throughout the
whole period of curing.
4.10.3.3 When the concrete has attained its final set, one of the following
curing methods shall be adopted:
(i) Water curing shall be accomplished by keeping the surface of
the concrete continuously wet by ponding with water.
(ii) Curing may be accomplished by sealing in the water as specified
above by covering with an approved waterproofed curing paper
or plastic sheeting laid with airtight joints. It must be securely
positioned to prevent displacement by wind and protected from
tearing or other injury.
4.10.3.4 The use of other methods of curing may be deemed necessary when
the concrete is subjected to high internal thermal gradient, or with
large exposed surface area. The Contractor shall submit a method
statement to the approval of the S.O.
4.10.3.5 In the event where the Contractor does not do proper curing, the
S.O. has the right to inspect and to carry out further tests which may
include destructive methods. All expenses incurred in carrying out
such sampling, testing and remedial works shall be borne by the
Contractor irrespective of whether the tests proved the structure to
be sound or otherwise.
4.10.4 Accelerated curing
4.10.4.1 Elevated temperature curing may be used only with Ordinary
Portland Cement.
4.10.4.2 After the completion of the placing of concrete, four (4) hours shall
elapse before its temperature is raised, unless the Contractor is able
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to prove that curing can start earlier by furnishing all the relevant
supporting data to the S.O. The rise in temperature within any period
of 30 minutes shall not exceed 10C and maximum temperature
attained shall not exceed 70C unless it can be proven that any
deviation from this provision shall not result in any detrimental effect
to the concrete work. The rate of subsequent cooling shall not
exceed the rate of heating. The use of accelerated curing methods
for concrete containing other types of cement or any admixture or
any additional materials shall be to the approval of the S.O.

5. Construction With Concrete

5.1 Construction Joints
5.1.1

Construction joints shall be made at the location as shown on the drawing and
concreting work shall be carried out continuously up to the construction joints.
If the position and detail of any construction joints is not described in the
drawings, the Contractor shall propose and obtain the approval of the S.O.
prior to commencement of concreting. The construction joints shall be made
as few as possible with reasonable precautions against shrinkage. The joints
shall be at right angles to the general direction of the member and shall take
due account of shear and other stresses.

5.1.2

Concrete shall not be allowed to run to a feather edge and vertical joints shall
be formed against a stop end. The top surface of a layer of concrete shall be
level and flat unless design considerations make this undesirable. Joint lines
shall be so arranged that they coincide with features of the finished work,
wherever possible.

5.1.3

At horizontal construction joints, gauge strips about 25 mm width shall be

placed inside the forms along all exposed surfaces to ensure a straight joint
on those surfaces. Where a kicker (that is a starter stub) is used for the
construction of walls and columns, it shall be at least 75 mm high, to be
constructed monolithically with the base concrete.

5.1.4

Where vertical construction joints are necessary in mass concrete structures,

reinforcing bars shall be placed across the joints so as to make the structure
monolithic, all to the approval of the S.O.

5.1.5

Prior to recommencement of concreting on a joint, the surface of the concrete

against which new concrete will be cast shall be free from laitance and shall
be roughened to the extent that the coarse aggregate is exposed but not
disturbed. Care shall be taken to avoid damaging the lines of the joint. Care
shall also be taken that the joint surface is clean and damp but not wet and
the exposed adjoining surfaces shall be of consistent colour. Immediately
before the fresh concrete is placed against the joint, fresh rich cement mortar
(1:2) shall be applied to the exposed surface.

5.1.6

Where the S.O. considers that special preparation is necessary, e.g. for an insitu structural connection, preparation shall be carried out, preferably when
the concrete has set but not hardened, by spraying with a fine spray of air and
water or brushing with a stiff brush sufficiently to remove the outer mortar skin
and expose the larger aggregates without disturbing them. Where this
treatment is impracticable, sand blasting or a needle gun shall be used to
remove the surface skin and laitance. Hardened surfaces shall be chipped
manually or mechanically to be free from laitance and properly roughened to
the extent that the coarse aggregates are being exposed.

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5.2 Fixing Blocks, Brackets, Built In Bolts, Holes, Chases, Et Cetera

5.2.1

All fixing blocks, brackets, built in bolts, holes, chases, et cetera shall be
accurately set out and formed and carefully sealed prior to the concrete being
placed. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain all such information
for these items of work and to obtain the approval of the S.O. before
incorporating such work prior to the concrete being placed.

5.2.2

Bolts and other inserts to be cast into the concrete shall be securely fixed to
the formwork in such a way that they are not displaced during the concreting
operations and that there is no loss of materials from the wet concrete through
holes in the formwork.

5.2.3

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or instructed by the S.O.,

reinforcement shall be locally moved so that the minimum specified cover is
maintained at the locations of inserts, holes, chases, et cetera. In the event
where the minimum cover cannot be maintained, the Contractor shall take the
necessary precautions to protect the reinforcements against corrosion by
applying an approved coating materials to the reinforcements and the
concrete cover.

5.2.4

Temporary plugs shall be removed and the threads of built in bolts shall be
cleaned and greased before handing over any part of the Work.

5.3 Movement Joints.

5.3.1

Movement Joints, Expansion joints, contraction joints or other permanent

structure joints shall be provided in the positions and constructed and sealed
with waterproofing materials as detailed in the Drawings.

5.3.2

When forming movement joints, joint filler shall be fixed firmly to the firstplaced concrete. If more than one strip is used within a joint, it is essential to
butt the ends tightly or tape them together to prevent grout leakage restricting
the closure of the joint.

5.3.3

It is essential that the concrete on both sides of the joint, when placed, is
thoroughly compacted to form a dense uniform mass. Where stop ends
comprise more than one element, particular care is necessary to ensure that
joints between elements are sufficiently tight to allow no grout loss through
them during compaction of the concrete.

5.3.4

Where flexible water stops are used, they shall be fixed so as to ensure that
they are not displaced from their intended position during compaction of the
concrete and that the concrete surrounding them is fully compacted. The
design of the water stop should be practical and take account of the problems
often associated with integral water stop construction in difficult placing
conditions.

5.3.5

Water stops laid horizontally and located within the concrete mass shall be
avoided since they attract the greatest risk of local honeycombing.

5.3.6

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all exposed expansion joints shall
be covered with 0.7 mm thick aluminium cover strips fixed with masonry nails
at 300 mm centers.

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5.4 Sealants And Special Materials

5.4.1

General
The installation method and the selection, mixing, application and curing of all
joint waterproofing materials shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. The Contractor may propose to use alternative joint
waterproofing materials by submitting supporting technical information, test
reports and samples of the proposed waterproofing materials to the S.O. for
approval

5.4.2

Waterproofing materials
All waterproofing materials used at public access areas shall be protected
with non-shrink grout covering

5.4.3

Water stops
5.4.3.1 Water stops shall be as specified in the Drawings and shall be
installed and butt jointed according to BS 8007 and the
manufacturer's recommendation.
5.4.3.2 Water stops shall be securely positioned in the formwork to prevent
displacement during concreting.

5.4.4

Two-part polysulphide or two-part polyurethane sealant

5.4.4.1 Two-part polysulphide or two-part polyurethane sealant for external
use shall comply with the following requirements:
(i)
(ii)

Conformance to BS 4254
Minimum joint movement capacity of 27.5% of joint width at
27.5C;
(iii) Shore 'A' Hardness of 25 at 27.5C;
(iv) Resistance to dilute acids, alkali and all kind of fuel
5.4.5

Preformed flexible strip sealant

5.4.5.1 Preformed flexible strip sealant shall comply with the following
requirements:
(i)

Shall only be used in horizontal joints and be subjected to

pressure
(ii) throughout its length;
(iii) Good adhesion
(iv) Water resistant
(v) Non-staining
5.4.6

Bitumen/rubber cold applied membrane

5.4.6.1 Bitumen/rubber cold applied membrane shall comply with the
following requirements:
(i)

Minimum joint movement capacity of 10% of joint width at

27.5C
(ii) 90% solid content;
(iii) Resistant to dilute acid and alkali.
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5.4.7

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Hot-poured rubber/bitumen sealing compound

Hot-poured rubber/bitumen sealing compound shall comply with BS 2499.

5.4.8

Bituminous sheeting
5.4.8.1 Bituminous sheeting with non-asbestos fibre shall comply with the
following requirements:
(i)

Resistant to lime water (no visual effect after two (2) weeks
immersion)
(ii) Maximum water absorption of 10% of dry weight
(iii) Minimum tensile strength of 50 kg/cm
(iv) Ozone and ultraviolet resistant
5.4.9

Neoprene bearing pads

5.4.9.1 Neoprene bearing pads shall comply with the following requirements:
(i) Shore 'A' Hardness of 60 5 at 27.5oC
(ii) Minimum rupture strength of 105 kg/cm
(iii) Minimum rupture elongation of 300%.

5.4.10 Polyurethane foam backing rods

5.4.10.1 Polyurethane foam backing rods used as sealant stops in panel
joints shall have the following properties: (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

Minimum compressibility of 75% of original volume at 27.5oC

Excellent resilient properties;
Density between 35 kg/cm and 45 kg/cm
Total resistance to common acids, lubricants and detergents
Total resistance to water infiltration by capillary action
Suitability for up to 70oC.

6. Steel Reinforcement
6.1 General
The Work shall consist of furnishing and placing reinforcing steel in accordance with
this specification and in conformity with the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.
6.2 Materials
6.2.1

Hot rolled mild steel and high yield bars shall comply with the requirements of
MS 146. Cold worked steel bars shall comply with the requirements of BS 4461.
Hard drawn mild steel wire shall comply with the requirements of MS 144.

6.2.2

Steel fabric reinforcement shall comply with the requirements of MS 145 and
shall be delivered to the Site in flat sheets, unless otherwise specified.

6.2.3

Dowel bars shall be plain, round bars conforming to the requirements of MS

146. They shall be free from burring or other deformations restricting slippage
in the concrete. Dowel bar sleeves used for debonding shall be of approved
synthetic material. The closed end of the sleeve shall be filled with 25 mm
thick compressible foam fillers and the sleeve shall fit tightly over the length of
the bar to be debonded.

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6.2.4

Before any reinforcement steel is brought to Site, the Contractor shall furnish
the mill certificates of tests and these shall be submitted for acceptance by the
S.O. In addition Contractor shall on request, furnish the S.O. with a test sheet
from approved laboratories for any batch of bars, giving the results of each of
the mechanical tests and/or chemical composition analysis required under the
MS or any equivalent international standards approved by the S.O. The
specified characteristic strength of steel reinforcement shall be as given in
TABLE D17.

6.2.5

During the course of the work, any reinforcement found to be not in

accordance with the MS or BS may be rejected by the S.O. notwithstanding
any previous acceptance on the strength of the test certificates. The S.O. may
call for additional tests to be made at the Contractor's expense on samples
taken from the batch of the defective reinforcement. If the samples do not
comply with the MS or BS, then the S.O. may reject the whole batch and
instruct its removal from the Site.

6.2.6

Steel reinforcement shall be stored in clean and dry conditions. When placed
in the work it shall be clean and free from loose rust, mill scale, oil, grease,
paint, dirt or anything which may reduce its bond with concrete. If directed by
the S.O., the steel bars shall be brushed or otherwise cleaned before use, at
the Contractor's expense.

6.2.7

Binding wire shall be 1.6 mm diameter soft annealed steel wire complying with
the requirements of BS 1052.

6.3 Construction Methods

6.3.1

Cutting and bending of reinforcement

6.3.1.1 Bars shall be of their correct lengths and bent to the exact shapes
required before being fixed in the work.
6.3.1.2 Bars shall be cut and bent cold by the application of slow, steady
pressure or in an approved bar-bending machine. Bending at
temperatures in excess of 100C may only be carried out with the
S.O.'s approval and under his supervision. Except where otherwise
indicated in the Drawings, bars shall be bent and measured in
accordance with BS 4449.
6.3.1.3 Cold worked and hot rolled bars shall not be straightened or bent
again once having been bent. Where it is necessary to bend the free
end of mild steel reinforcement already cast in the concrete, the
internal radius of the bend shall not be less than twice the diameter
of the bar.
6.3.1.4 Special care shall be taken that the overall length of bars with
multiple bends is accurate and that after bending and fixing in
position the bars remain in place without wrap or twist.

6.3.2

Fixing of reinforcement
6.3.2.1 The number, size, length, shape, type and position of all reinforcing
bars, links, spacer bars and other parts of the steel reinforcement,
shall be in accordance with the Drawings.
6.3.2.2 Reinforcements shall be secured against displacement. Unless
specified otherwise, the actual concrete cover shall be taken as the

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distance between face of concrete and the nearest steel surface. All
intersecting bars shall be tied together with binding wire and the
ends of the wire shall be turned into the main body of the concrete.
6.3.2.3 Reinforcement temporarily left projecting from the concrete at
construction or other joints shall not be bent out of position during
the periods in which concreting is suspended except with the
approval of the S.O.
6.3.2.4 The Contractor shall take particular care that the reinforcement is
laid out correctly in every aspect and temporarily suspended by
annealed wire or supported on concrete blocks or other approved
spacers in the forms to prevent displacement during the placing and
compacting of concrete. Links shall tightly embrace the longitudinal
reinforcement to which they shall be securely wired or spot welded.
The top reinforcement in slabs shall be rigidly supported on mild
steel 'chairs' or equivalent spaced in each direction to prevent
sagging during concreting.
6.3.2.5 No concrete shall be placed until the reinforcement has been
inspected and approved by the S.O.
6.3.3

Splicing
6.3.3.1 Joints to reinforcement bars shall be effected by lapping of bars at
positions shown on the Drawings. Where other types of joints are to
be used, prior approval of the S.O shall be obtained and their use
shall be strictly in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation,
at the positions approved by the S.O.

6.3.4

Supporting and spacer blocks

6.3.4.1 The size of supporting and spacer blocks required for ensuring that
the reinforcement is correctly positioned shall be not more than
50mm x50mm consistent with their purpose, of a shape approved by
the S.O., and designed so that they will not overturn when the
concrete is placed.
6.3.4.2 The nominal size of aggregates used shall be 10 mm. The concrete
spacers shall be of at least the same strength and material's source
as the concrete to be poured. Wires cast in these blocks for the
purpose of tying them to the reinforcement shall be as described in
sub-section 7.2.
6.3.4.3 Spacers left in situ shall not impair the desired appearance or
durability of the structure by causing spalling, rust staining or
allowing the passage of moisture.
6.3.4.4 Other types of spacers may be used only with the approval of the
S.O.

6.3.5

Welding of reinforcement
6.3.5.1 Welding workmanship, including welder qualification shall comply
with sub-section 5 of JKR Standard Specification for structural Steel
Work JKR No. 200600-0019-99.

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6.3.5.2 Reinforcement in structures shall not be welded except where

detailed in the Drawings or permitted in this specification.
6.3.5.3 Welding shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 1011 and BS
EN 60974. Butt welds shall be of the double V type and two butt
weld bond tests shall be carried out on a specimen prepared to
represent each form of the butt welded joint used in welding the
reinforcement and for each position of welding. The method of
making butt weld tests shall be as laid down in BS EN 17637. The
specimen shall pass the test to the approval of the S.O. before using
the joint, which the specimen represents. Welded joints shall not be
made at bends in reinforcement. Unless otherwise approved by the
S.O., joints in parallel bars of the principal tensile reinforcement shall
be staggered in the longitudinal direction at a distance not less than
the end anchorage length for the bar.
6.3.5.4 The S.O. shall be informed in advance of when welding is to be
carried out so that he may supervise and inspect the work. Welding
shall not be performed in the field during rain or other adverse
conditions.

7. Formwork And Surface Finish For Structure

7.1 Design And Construction
7.1.1

Description
7.1.1.1 Formwork shall include all temporary or permanent forms required
for forming the concrete, together with all temporary construction
required for their support.
7.1.1.2 The Contractor is deemed to have made a study of the Drawings at
tender stage and is aware of all areas of construction, requiring
heavy and specially designed propping to provide the support and
the necessary bracing for the stability of such propping.
7.1.1.3 The design and construction of formwork shall be carried out by a
competent person. The Contractor shall identify all critical formwork
design and submit the strength and deflection calculations and
Drawings or the proposed design, certified by a Professional
Engineer to the S.O. for prior approval. Notwithstanding any
approval by the S.O. with respect to the design submitted by the
Contractor, the responsibility or the adequacy and safety of the
design shall remain with the Contractor. The Contractor shall also
appoint a competent formwork coordinator whose duties would be
similar to those outlined in BS 5975.
7.1.1.4 When the use of proprietary type of formwork is proposed by the
Contractor, the design shall be certified by a Professional Engineer.
7.1.1.5 The formwork shall be sufficiently rigid and tight to prevent loss of
grout or mortar from the concrete at all stages of construction and
shall be appropriate for the methods of placing and compacting.
7.1.1.6 Formwork (including supports) shall be sufficiently rigid to maintain
the forms in their correct position, shape, profile and dimensions.
The supports shall be designed to withstand the worst combination
of forces due to self-weight, formwork weight, formwork forces,

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reinforcement weight, wet concrete weight, construction and wind

loads, together with all incidental dynamic effects caused by placing,
vibrating and compacting the concrete. Guidance on these loadings
is given in The Concrete Society Manual Formwork - Guide to good
practice, and in CIRIA Report 108, Concrete Pressure in Formwork,
and in BS 5975. Vertical propping to formwork shall be carried down
sufficiently far to provide the necessary support without
overstressing the completed concrete structure.
7.1.1.7 Metal ties may only be used with the prior approval of the S.O.
Where metal ties are permitted, the use of storey height steel
soldiers shall be used to reduce the number of tie bolts required. Tie
bolts with rubber or plastic cone against the form face are to be used
to prevent unsightly grout loss. No metal part of any device for
maintaining formwork in the correct location shall remain
permanently within the specified concrete cover to the reinforcement.
Except for ties used for anchoring void formers, all ties shall be at
least 1.2 m apart and through bolts will not be permitted on exposed
form finished faces. All holes left by ties shall be made good within
one day of the removal of the formwork using a mortar of the same
strength as the cast concrete. Metal ties which allow for holes
through the concrete being cast shall not be permitted to be used in
concrete for water-retaining structure, roof slabs and walls.
7.1.1.8 The formwork shall be so arranged as to be readily dismantled and
removed from the cast concrete without shock, disturbance or
damage. Where necessary, the formwork shall be so arranged that
the soffit form, properly supported, can be retained in position for
such period as may be required by the condition of the maturing
concrete or the specification. If a component is to be prestressed
whilst still resting on the soffit form, provision shall be made to allow
for elastic deformation and any variation in weight distribution. As far
as practicable, formwork joints shall coincide with construction joints.
7.1.2

Form lining
7.1.2.1 The type and treatment of any lining (plywood, metal, plastic,
Controlled Permeability Formwork liner, et cetera) of the forms shall
be appropriate to the concrete finish required.
7.1.2.2 The Controlled Permeability Formwork (CPF) liner shall have the
following requirements:
(i)

The requirement for a special finish shall be as for traditional

formwork finishes except that the formwork shall be covered by
a CPF liner.
(ii) CPF liner shall be used on all surfaces as detailed on the
Drawings
(iii) The CPF liner shall be a Water Bylaws Scheme - Approved
Product for use with potable water in accordance with BS 6920.
(iv) The CPF liner shall have the following properties:
a)
b)
c)
d)

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Compression of less than 10% under a pressure 200 kPa.

Maximum pore size of less than 0.030 mm.
Minimum water retention capacity of 0.35 l/m2.
Result in bleed water from the liner which is free from
cement and fine aggregate particles.

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(v)

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The concrete cast against the CPF liner shall have an even
uniformly textured matt finish and shall be free of blowholes and
other surface blemishes. The use of the CPF liner shall meet
the following performance requirements which should be
demonstrated by the supply of test certificate:
a) The mean surface strength for the CPF cast face shall
exceed that for the control face by at least 70%.
b) The mean 10 minute ISAT result for the CPF cast face shall
be not more than 15% of that for the control face.
c) The mean depth of carbonation for the CPF cast face shall
be not more than 15% of that for the control face.
d) The mean concentration of chlorides at a depth of 11mm
from the CPF cast face shall be not more than 15% of that
for the control face.

(vi) The CPF liner shall be used once only. Release agents shall
not be used with the liner and any residual release agent
remaining on forms from previous use shall be removed.
(vii) To ensure conformity with the performance requirements, the
CPF liner is to be used in accordance with the manufacturer's
technical guidelines.
(viii) The CPF liner shall unless otherwise directed, be left in place
on the concrete after formwork removal for the curing period
specified by the S.O. It shall be kept wet and covered with
plastic sheeting to promote efficient curing.
7.1.3

Projecting reinforcement, fixing devices

Where holes are needed in form to accommodate projecting reinforcement or
fixing devices, care shall be taken to prevent loss of grout when concreting or
damage when removing forms

7.2 Surface Finishes For Concrete

7.2.1

Control of colour
When specified in the Drawings, the Contractor shall obtain each constituent
material from a single consistent source. The aggregates shall be free of any
impurities that may cause staining. The mix proportions and the grading,
particularly of the fine aggregate, shall be maintained constant. The same
type of plywood or timber shall be used in formwork throughout similar
exposed areas.

7.2.2

Formed surfaces
7.2.2.1 Formed concrete surfaces shall have one of the following classes of
finish.
7.2.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, all exposed concrete surfaces shall be of
Class F12, all unexposed surfaces shall be of Class F1. Other
classes of finishes shall be used only where shown on the Drawings:

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(i)

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Class F1
This finish shall be obtained by the use of properly designed
forms of closely joined sawn timber or other approved material.
Small blemishes caused by entrapped air or water may be
expected but the surface shall be free from voids and
honeycombing.

(ii)

Class F2
This finish shall be obtained by the use of properly designed
forms of closely jointed wrought boards, approved plywood or
other approved material. Only very minor surface blemishes
shall occur, with no staining or discoloration.

(iii) Class F3
a) This finish shall be obtained by the use of properly
designed steel forms or plastic coated plywood or wrought
boards or other approved material.
b) The surface shall be improved by carefully removing all fins
and other projections, thoroughly washing down and then
filling the most noticeable surface blemishes with a cement
and fine aggregate paste to match the colour of the original
concrete. Form release agents shall be carefully chosen to
ensure that the surface shall not be stained or discolored.
After the concrete has been properly cured, the surface
shall be rubbed down where necessary, to produce a
smooth and even surface.
(iv) Class F4
The requirements for Class F4 are as for Class F3 except that
internal ties and embedded metal parts will be permitted. The
ties shall be positioned only in rebates, or in other positions as
shown on the Drawings or as agreed by the S.O.
(v)

Class F11
The requirements for Class F11 surface finish are identical to
those for Class F1 except that it shall be achieved using
Controlled Permeability Formliners.

(vi) Class F12

The requirements for Class F12 surface finish are identical to
those for Class F2 except that it shall be achieved using
Controlled Permeability Formliners.
(vii) Class F13
The requirements for Class F13 surface finish are identical to
those for Class F3 except that it shall be achieved using
Controlled Permeability Formliners.

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(viii) Class F14

The requirements for Class F14 surface finish are identical to
those for Class F4 except that it shall be achieved using
Controlled Permeability Formliners.
(ix) Class F15
The requirements for Class F15 are as for Class F4 except that
plywood shutters lined with an approved patterned formliner
shall be used to produce a patterned profile finish. Where
possible, full height formliners shall be employed so that no
horizontal joints in the liners are required. Tie holes shall be
spaced so that they occur at overlap joints in the lining sheet.
7.2.3

Unformed surfaces
7.2.3.1 Class U1
The concrete shall be uniformly leveled and screened to produce a
plain, ridged or broom roughened surface. No further work shall be
applied to the surface unless it is used as the first stage for a Class
U2 or Class U3 finish.
7.2.3.2 Class U2
After the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the concrete Class U1
surface shall be floated by hand or machine to produce a uniform
surface free from screed marks.
7.2.3.3 Class U3
When the moisture film has disappeared and the concrete has
hardened sufficiently to prevent laitance from being worked to the
surface, a Class U1 surface shall be steel-trowelled under firm
pressure to produce a dense, smooth uniform surface free from
trowel marks.
7.2.3.4 Class U4
This finish is for surfaces that are to receive waterproofing systems.
The concrete shall be levelled and floated to produce a uniform
surface and immediately before the waterproofing operation this
surface shall be water jetted or grit blasted to provide a lightly
textured finish. The finished surface shall not deviate from the
required profile by more than 5 mm over a 3 m gauge length or have
any abrupt irregularities of more than 3 mm.

7.2.4

Trial panels for exposed form finished surfaces

7.2.4.1 In order to ensure that the specified formed finishes can be obtained
by the method of construction proposed and to provide a standard by
which the finishes in the Works can be assessed, trial panels shall
be cast on Site. These panels shall be subjected to the S.O.'s
approval before similar casting is permitted in the Works.
7.2.4.2 The trial panels shall employ the materials, plant and concrete mix
proposed for the Works. They shall be at least a storey height and 1

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m wide. They shall be of similar thickness and similarly reinforced as

the elements they represent and shall incorporate all features which
contribute to the final appearance of the Works.
7.3 Preparation Of Forms Before Concreting
7.3.1

Before concreting, all forms shall be thoroughly cleaned out, free from
sawdust shavings, dust, mud or other debris. The inside surfaces of forms
shall, unless otherwise approved by the S.O., be coated with an approved
non-staining form oil or other approved material to prevent adhesion of the
concrete Such release agents shall be applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation and shall not come into contact with the
reinforcement or prestressing tendons and anchorages. For any exposed
surface only one release agent shall be used throughout the entire area.

7.3.2

All formwork shall be inspected by the S.O. after preparation and immediately
prior to depositing concrete and no concrete shall be deposited until approval
of the formwork has been obtained

7.4 Removal Of Forms

7.4.1

The Contractor shall inform the S.O. and obtain his approval before striking
any formwork, but such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his
responsibilities for the safety of the work.

7.4.2

Formwork shall be removed without such shock or vibration as would damage

the concrete. A period of time shall elapse between the placing of the
concrete and the removal of the formwork for various parts of the structure so
as to suit the requirements for its curing.

7.4.3

The minimum periods between concreting and the removal of forms are given
in TABLE D18. The periods stated in this table are based on the use of
Ordinary Portland Cement. They may be changed with the approval of the
S.O., if other types of cement as described in sub-section 2.1, admixtures as
described in sub-section 2.4 are used. The result of the compressive strength
obtained from cube strength at 7 days as described in sub-section 4.4.2.2
may also be used for early removal of forms provided always the Contractor
provide proof of calculation to the S.O for approval.

7.4.4

For prestressed in-situ components, temporary supports shall not be removed

until the components is stressed to the approval of the S.O.

7.4.5

Where it is intended that forms are to be reused, they shall be cleaned and
made good to the approval of the S.O.

7.4.6

Following the removal of forms, no further loads shall be imposed upon the
concrete until at least after the completion of the curing period or until such
later time as in the opinion of the S.O. the concrete shall have attained
sufficient strength to safely withstand such loads. Full design loads shall not
be applied to any structure until all load bearing concrete is at least 28 days
old.

7.5 Inspection And Making Good

7.5.1

The surface of the concrete shall be inspected for defects and for conformity
to the surface finish specified and where appropriate, with approved sample
finishes.

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7.5.2

Subject to the strength and durability of the concrete being unimpaired, the
making good of surface defects may be permitted but the level of acceptance
shall be appropriate to the type and quality of the finish specified and ensure
satisfactory permanence and durability.

7.5.3

Any remedial treatment of surfaces shall be approved by the S.O. following

inspection immediately after removing the formwork and shall be carried out
without delay.

8. Mass And Lean Concrete

Mass and lean concrete shall consist of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate in
the nominal ratio by volume of 1:3:6 and 1:4:8 respectively. However where a denser and
more workable concrete can be produced by a variation in the ratio of the fine aggregate to
that of coarse aggregate, this ratio may be varied within the limits (1:1) and (1:3),
provided that the volumes of fine and coarse aggregate, each measured separately, shall
nevertheless equal the sum of the volumes of fine and coarse aggregate appropriate to the
nominal mix. The concrete shall be mixed as described for reinforced concrete.

9. Building Accuracy
After removal of formwork, the Contractor shall take measurements as directed by the S.O.
to check the deviation of the reinforced concrete works from specified dimensions shown
on the Drawings. All measurements shall be recorded and submitted to the S.O. Any
deviation in building accuracy shall comply with BS EN 13670.

10. Apparatus
10.1 The Contractor shall provide the following apparatus for use on the Site at all times:
(i)
(ii)

(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)

Concrete slump test apparatus or flow test apparatus complying with MS 26. One
set of the apparatus shall be provided for each concreting location.
At least twelve (12) numbers of steel or cast iron moulds for casting 150 mm
concrete test cubes and six (6) numbers of 100 mm mortar or grout test cube
moulds complete with tamping bars and base plates in accordance with MS 26.
A minimum number shall be provided such that no stripping of cubes is required
prior to 24 hours setting and hardening period.
Three (3) measuring cylinders of 250 ml capacity, graduated to measure to the
nearest 2.0 ml., for determination of silt content (field setting method).
An approved apparatus for measuring moisture content in fine aggregate.
One (1) electronic calculator with statistical functions.
One (1) 300 mm steel rule.
One (1) set of sieves in compliance with BS 410.
Scale or balance 25 kg maximum capacity and weights.
Trowel, shovel, spanner and other tools

11. Precast Concrete Construction

11.1 Manufacture Off Site
11.1.1 After the method of manufacture has been approved, no changes shall be
made without the approval of the S.O.

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11.1.2 The Contractor shall inform the S.O. in advance of the date of
commencement of manufacture and casting of each type of precast concrete
component.
11.1.3 When the S.O. requires tests to be carried out, none of the precast concrete
components to which the tests relate shall be dispatched to the site until the
tests have been completed and the results approved by the S.O.
11.1.4 All precast concrete components shall be indelibly marked to show the
identification marking as specified in the Drawings, the production batch
on which they were manufactured and the date on which the concrete was
cast. If the components are symmetrical, the face that will be uppermost
when the member is in its correct position in the work shall be clearly
identified.
11.2 Storage
11.2.1 When the precast concrete components are stored, they shall be firmly
supported only at the points specified in the Drawings. No accumulation
of trapped water and deleterious matter shall be allowed in the components.
Care shall be taken to avoid rust staining and efflorescence.
11.2.2 The precast concrete components shall be stacked in such a manner that
their removal in correct order of age is facilitated.
11.3 Handling And Transport
The precast concrete components shall be lifted only at points specified in the
Drawings or otherwise approved by the S.O. and shall be handled and placed without
impact. The method of lifting, the type of equipment and transport to be used, and the
minimum age of the components to be handled shall be to the approval of the S.O.
11.4 Assembly And Erection
11.4.1 The method of assembly and erection specified in the Drawings shall be
strictly adhered to on site.
11.4.2 Immediately a unit of precast concrete component is in position, and before
the lifting equipment is removed, temporary supports or connections between
components as necessary, shall be provided. The final structural connections
shall be completed as soon as is practicable.
11.5 Forming Structural Connections
11.5.1 For structural purposes, cement mortar shall compose of one (1) part of
cement to one (1) part of sand (1:1), mixed with water so that the free water:
cement ratio does not exceed 0.4 by weight and cement grout shall have a
water: cement ratio between 0.4 and 0.6, or such other proportions as shall be
directed by the S.O.
11.5.2 No structural connections shall be made until approval has been given by the
S.O.
11.5.3 Unless otherwise approved by the S.O., the composition and the free water:
cement ratio of the in-situ concrete or mortar used in any connection and the
packing of joints shall be in accordance with the assembly instructions.

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11.5.4 Levelling devices shall be released or removed only with the approval of the
S.O.
11.5.5 Non load bearing joints between precast concrete components and adjoining
structures shall be filled with appropriate grout and/or mortar protected by
proprietary sealants and backing rod. They shall be waterproof.
11.5.6 Load bearing joints and connection shall be grouted, mortar packed or
concreted. The respective mix design shall be free of lime and chloride. They
shall be durable, waterproof, non-shrink and possess strength higher than that
of precast concrete. Curing for at least three (3) days shall be provided.
Designed mixes shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval.
11.5.7 The method of sampling and testing of grout and mortar shall be carried out
according to MS 26. The compressive strength shall be determined by
crushing test on 100 mm cubes. For each casting day and for each grade of
grout and mortar, three samples shall be taken from three (3) separate
batches. Two (2) cubes shall be cast from each sample for testing at seven
(7) and 28 days. The appropriate strength requirement shall be considered
to be satisfied if the average strength is greater than the specified
characteristic strength.
11.6 Protection
At all stages of construction, precast concrete components and other concrete
associated therewith shall be properly protected to prevent damage to permanently
exposed surfaces, especially arises and other decorative features.

12. Other Concrete Works

12.1 Foundation
12.1.1 All reinforced concrete footings and pile caps shall be constructed according
to the Drawings and to the exact depths required. The Contractor shall supply,
maintain and remove any necessary planking and strutting, sheet piling and
coffer dams, and shall by pumping or other approved means keep the
excavation free from water.
12.1.2 The bottom of excavation shall be cleaned or if in loose or disturbed ground
shall be well rammed, and the whole shall be approved before it is covered
with a blinding layer of lean concrete not less than 50 mm thick. The required
cover of concrete under the reinforcement shall be entirely above the blinding
layer.
12.2 Pile Caps
12.2.1 Before commencing to construct pile caps, the Contractor shall check and
verify the eccentricities and the cut-off levels of all piling works in the ground
are as provided in the Drawings, and shall notify the S.O. in the event of any
discrepancy.
12.2.2 The Contractor shall straighten the steel reinforcement projecting above the
piles for anchoring pile caps, carry out excavation, erect formwork and
temporary timbering for the construction of pile caps and ground beams.

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12.3 Lift Pits And Shafts

12.3.1 For lift pits below ground level, the concrete in the base slab and walls shall
be of reinforced concrete with minimum cement content and maximum free
water: cement ratio in accordance with the exposure XC3 in TABLE D6 and
shall be constructed in operations which shall ensure water tightness in the
structure below the ground level.
12.3.2 All external or internal wall surfaces of lift pits shall be waterproofed with three
(3) coats of bitumen solution complying with BS 3416 or any other type of
waterproofing material as approved by the S.O. The concrete surface shall be
thoroughly cleaned and dried before application of the waterproofing material.
12.3.3 Lift shaft enclosures shall be made of reinforced concrete on all sides and
constructed using steel formwork to ensure the accuracy of the structure in
terms of verticality, shape, profile and dimensions. Refer to FIGURE D1.
12.3.4 All the inner surfaces of a lift shaft enclosure shall form a continuous flush
surface without projection or recesses. Refer to FIGURE D1.
12.3.5 The lift shaft shall have a high degree of verticality. The limit of accuracy of
shaft plumb for the full stretch of the lift shaft shall not exceed 30 mm. Refer
to FIGURE D2.
12.3.6 The structural openings shall be vertically aligned one above the other for the
full travel of the lift.
12.3.7 The structural opening shall be accurate to the specified dimensions.
Deviations from the specified dimensions shall not exceed +12.5mm, -0mm.
Refer to FIGURE D3.

FIGURE D1: LIFT SHAFT ENCLOSURE

Reinforced concrete
enclosure on all sides

Firemens
Lift

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

All inner surfaces

shall be continuously flush

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D/32

FIGURE D2: LIMIT OF ACCURACY OF SHAFT PLUMB ON ALL SIDES OF SHAFT

ENCLOSURE

Wd

k
*k = + 30 mm,
- 30 mm
Wd = Well Depth

Highest Floor

Lowest Floor

FIGURE D3: ACCURACY OF STRUCTURAL OPENING

Structural
Opening

Structural
Opening

Floor
Level

Landing Door

x = + 12.5 mm, - 0 mm

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12.4 Floors
12.4.1 After initial set, the upper surface of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete floors
shall be trowelled smooth with a steel float to true level and even surface. No
screeding of any kind shall be applied to the floor slabs except where
specified. Care shall be taken to ensure that the steel reinforcement is not
displaced or lowered during trowelling.
12.4.2 For areas, which are to receive rendering or other finishes, the fresh concrete
shall be trowelled to true level or as required using a long timber trowel.
Before it hardens it shall be brushed with a stiff broom in one direction to give
a rough and tidy surface.
12.4.3 The reinforced concrete ground floor slab shall not be laid directly onto earth
surfaces. A blinding layer of 50 mm minimum thick of lean concrete as
specified in sub-section 9.0 shall be laid on well prepared firm ground. Plastic
sheeting or other suitable material with sufficient overlaps at joints, shall be
laid on the blinding layer before any reinforcement is placed in position.
12.5 Toilet Floors
12.5.1 The Contractor shall ensure that all suspended floor for toilet areas are
constructed to be watertight and leak proof. All construction method or
alternative details proposed by the Contractor must be based on his
acceptance of and compliance with the requirements for watertightness. The
Contractor shall ensure that holes and fixings are properly constructed.
12.5.2 The floor must be concreted in one sequence of operation. No construction
joints for toilet floor are to be allowed. All pipes and fittings encased in the
concrete floor shall be provided with sleeves to the approval of the S.O and
shall be built in-situ. No holes shall be left for later incorporation of fittings and
no subsequent hacking of floor shall be made. Notwithstanding whatever
shown on the Drawings, all toilet floor slabs shall have a minimum thickness
of 150 mm.
12.5.3 Testing for watertightness
The toilet floor areas should be ponded with water continuously over a period
of 7 days. During this period the exposed soffit shall show no signs of leakage
and remain dry. If any area is found not to be watertight, the Contractor must
repair at his own expense.
12.6 Roofs
12.6.1 Reinforced concrete roofs shall be constructed to fall as shown on the
Drawings and finished with steel trowelling, leaving the surface smooth and
free from mortar droppings.
12.6.2 The base slab shall be concreted as described for concrete generally,
ensuring thorough compactions by the use of a pan vibrator or a vibrating
screen. Concrete shall be poured continuously between pre-determined
construction joints as decided by the S.O., or as shown on the Drawings.
Expansion joints, where applicable, shall be allowed and constructed exactly
as indicated in the Drawings.

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12.6.3 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, waterproofing screed

to reinforced concrete flat roof shall consist of a 32 mm thick screed
reinforced with temperature steel.
12.6.4 The waterproofing screed shall consist of one (1) part of cement and three (3)
parts of clean well-graded sand (1:3), and shall be mixed with an approved
waterproofing agent and approved plasticizer in the proportion recommended
by the manufacturer.
12.6.5 The temperature steel shall consist of a mesh 6 mm diameter mild steel bars
at 150 mm centers each way, or alternatively steel fabric of MS 145. The
temperature steel shall be placed directly on top of the base slab, and a
minimum cover of 19 mm to top bars of the temperature steel shall be
maintained.
12.6.6 The screed shall be laid after the base slab concrete has sufficiently hardened
but not later than 36 hours after the concreting of the base slab, to obtain a
thorough bond between the screed and the base slab. The surface shall be
finished with a wood float, and followed by a steel trowel to a smooth finish.
12.6.7 Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, joints in the screed
shall be allowed and located over the main roof beams and shall be filled with
approved bituminous compound as soon as possible.
12.6.8 After the screed has been placed, the full area shall be properly protected and
cured for a period of at least seven (7) days. Alternatively as soon as the
screed has sufficiently hardened to withstand a man's weight without marking,
an approved plastic sealing agent shall be sprayed in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation.
12.7 Drips
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O., a 15mm wide drip
shall be formed along edges of soffits to concrete roof slabs, hoods, undersides of
balconies, cantilevered beams and slabs and other parts of building where rain water
is likely to adhere in drops.
12.8 Refuse Chutes
Where shown on the Drawings, all cast-in-situ reinforced concrete refuse chutes shall
be constructed without bolt holes made through the chute walls. If such holes are
unavoidable then they shall be completely grouted with cement mortar as specified in
sub-section 6.2 or sealed and waterproofed by other means to prevent leakage to the
approval of the S.O. Frames which shall not be of asbestos cement, shall be cast into
refuse chute walls for fixing chute hoppers. Such frames shall be obtained from the
same supplier of chute hoppers.

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TABLE D1 : COMPOSITION OF COMMON CEMENTS

Portlandslag cement

CEM II
/A-S
CEM II
/B-S

Portlandsilica fume
cement

CEM II
/A-D

90 94

CEM II
/A-P
CEM II
/B-P
CEM II
/A-Q
CEM II
/B-Q
CEM II
/A-V
CEM II
/B-V
CEM II
/A-W
CEM II
/B-W
CEM II
/A-T
CEM II
/B-T
CEM II
/A-L
CEM II
/B-L
CEM II
/A-LL
CEM II
/B-LL
CEM II
/A-M
CEM II
/B-M
CEM III
/A
CEM III
/B
CEM III
/C
CEM IV
/A
CEM IV
/B
CEM V
/A
CEM V
/B

80 94
65 79
80 94
65 79
80 94
65 79
80 94
65 79
80 94
65 79
80 94
65 79
80 94
65 79
80 94
65 79
35 64
20 34

Portland
types pozzolana
cement

CEM
II

Portland-fly
ash cement

Portlandburnt shale
cement

Portlandlimestone
cement

Portlandcomposite
c)
cement

CEM
III

Blastfurnace
cement

CEM
IV

Pozzolanic
c)
cement

CEM
V

Composite
c)
cement

a)
b)

c)

5 - 19
65 89
45 64
40 64
20 38

Minor additional
constituents

LL

610

6
20
21 35

620
21 35

620
21 35

620
21 35

b)

620
21 35

620
21 35

Limestone

Burnt shale

Natural
calcine

Natural

calcareous

CEM I

K
95 100
80 94
65 79

siliceous

Portland
cement

Silica fume

CEM
I

Notation of 27 products
(types of common
cement)

Blast-furnace
slag

Main

Clinker

a)

Composition [percentage by mass ]

Main constituents
Pozzolano
Fly ash

620
21 35

620
21 35

6 to 20
21 to 25
36 65
66
80
81
95

18
30
31 50

11 to 35

36 to 66

18 to 30

31 to 50

05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05

The values in the table refer to the sum of the main and minor additional constituents
The proportion of silica fume is limited to 10%
In Portland composite cements CEM II/A-M and CEM II/B-M, in Pozzolanic cements CEM IV/A and CEM IV/B and in composite
cements CEM V/A and CEM V/B the main constituents other than clinker shall be declared by designation of the cement

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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TABLE D2 : TESTING OF AGGREGATES

Properties
Grading
Elongation Index
Flakiness Index
Water Absorption
Clay Lumps
Clay, Silt and Dust
Organic Impurities
Aggregate
Crushing Value

Type of
Aggregate
Both
Coarse
Coarse
Both
Coarse
Fine
Fine

Test
Methods
MS30
MS30
MS30
MS30
MS30
MS30
MS30

Coarse

MS30
MS30

Soundness Test

Coarse

Chloride Content

Both

MS30

Sulphate Content

Both

MS30

Limits
Table 3 and Table 4
Not exceeding 30%
Not exceeding 35%
Not exceeding 8%
Not exceeding 1% by weight
Not exceeding 3% by weight or 8% by vol.
Not exceeding 0.4%
Not exceeding 40%
Loss in mass after 5 cycles shall not be more
than 12% for sodium sulphate or 18% for
magnesium sulphate.
Not exceeding 0.06% by weight of chloride
ions
Not exceeding 0.44% by weight of SO3

TABLE D3 : GRADING FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

Sieve size
(BS410)
50.0 mm
37.5 mm
20.0 mm
14.0 mm
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
2.36 mm

Percentage by mass passing BS 410 sieve for nominal sizes

Graded Aggregates
Single-sized Aggregate
40 mm to
20 mm to
14 mm to
40 mm
20 mm
10 mm
5 mm
5 mm
5 mm
100
100
90 to 100
100
85 to 100
100
35 to 70
90 to 100
100
0 to 25
85 to 100
25 to 55
40 to 80
90 to 100
0 to 70
100
10 to 40
30 to 60
50 to 85
0 to 5
0 to 25
85 to 100
0 to 5
0 to 10
0 to 10
0 to 5
0 to 25
0 to 5

TABLE D3A : GRADING FOR FINE AGGREGATE

Percentage by mass passing BS 410 sieve
Additional limits for grading
Overall Limits
C
*M
F
100
80 to 100
60 to 100
60 to 100
65 to 100
80 to 100
30 to 100
30 to 90
45 to 100
70 to 100
15 to 100
15 to 45
25 to 80
55 to 100
5 to 70
5 to 40
5 to 48
5 to 70
0 to 15#
-

Sieve
size
(BS410)
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
600 m
300 m
150 m
#

Increase to 20% for crushed rock fines, except when they are used for heavy-duty floors.

For prescribed mix only Grading Limit M is applicable. See also sub-section 2.2.3(b)

NOTE:

Individual sands may comply with the requirements of more than one grading. Alternatively some
sands which satisfy the overall limits but may not fall within any one of the additional limit C, M or F
may also be used provided that the supplier can satisfy the S.O that such materials can produce
concrete of the required quality.

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D/37

TABLE D4 : ADMIXTURE ACCEPTANCE TEST REQUIREMENTS

Categories of
Admixture

Water
Reduction

Stiffening Time
Time from completion of
mixing to reach a
resistance to penetration of:0.5N
/mm

Type 1:
Accelerator

Type 2:
Retarder

Type 3:
Normal
waterreducing

Type 4:
Accelerating
waterreducing

Type 5:
Retarding
waterreducing

At least
5%

At least
5%

At least
5%

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

More
than
1hr.

3.5N
/mm
Within
1hr.and
3hrs.
earlier
than
control
mix

27.5
/mm

Compressive

At
least
1hr.
earlier
than
control
mix

125
125
100
100

Within
1hr.and
3hrs.
later
than
control
mix

Not
more
than
3hrs.
later
than
control
mix

Within +
1hr.
and 1hr.of
control
mix

Within +
1hr.
and 1hr.of
control
mix

Within
+ 1hr.
and 1hr.of
control
mix

More
than
1hr.

Within
1hr.and
3hrs.
earlier
than
control
mix

At
least
1hr.
earlier
than
control
mix

At least
1hr.later
than
control
mix

Within
1hr.and
3hrs.
earlier
than
control
mix

Not
more
than
3hrs.
later
than
control
mix

At least
1hr.later
than
control
mix

Minimum
Strength as a
percentage of
the control
mix

90
90
95

110
110
110

125
125
100
100

110
110
110

Age

Length change,
Maximum
shrinkage
% of
control

Increase

135

0.010

3 days
7 days
28 days

135

0.010

3 days
7 days
28 days

135

24 hrs.
3 days
7 days
28 days

24 hrs.
3 days
7 days
28 days

3 days
7 days
28 days

135

135

0.010

0.010

0.010

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TABLE D5 : PRESCRIBED MIXES FOR GENERAL USE PER CUBIC METER OF

CONCRETE BY WEIGHT BATCHING

Grades of
Concrete

Nominal Max.Size of Aggregate (mm) 20

Workability
Medium
High

28-day
Strength of
Concrete
(N/mm2)

15P

15

20P

20

25P

25

30P

30

Consistence
CEM I (kg)
Total
aggregate(kg)
*Fine aggregate
(%)
CEM I (kg)
Total
aggregate(kg)
*Fine aggregate
(%)
CEM I (kg)
Total
aggregate(kg)
*Fine aggregate
(%)
CEM I (kg)
Total
aggregate(kg)
*Fine aggregate
(%)

Max
free
water:
cement
ratios

25 - 75

75 125

280
1800
35 - 50

310
1750
35 - 50

0.6

320
1800
25 - 40

350
1750
20 - 45

0.55

360
1750
25 - 40

390
1700
30 - 45

0.5

400
1700
25 - 40

430
1650
30 45

0.45

*Fine aggregate is expressed as a percentage by weight to the total weight of the dry aggregate

TABLE D5A : PROPORTIONS AND STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESCRIBED

MIXES BY VOLUME BATCHING

Proportion
(Grade)

1:1:2(30P)
1:1.5:3(25P)
1:2:4(20P)
1:3:6(15P)

Slump
Limits
(mm)
25 - 50
25 - 50
25 - 50
25 - 50

Cubic Meters of
Aggregate Per 50
kg of CEM I
Fine

Coarse
(20mm)

0.035
0.05
0.07
0.10

0.07
0.1
0.14
0.20

Max.
Free
Water:
Cement
Ratio

Quantity
Of
Water
(Litres)

0.45
0.5
0.55 - 0.6
0.6

22.5
25
27.5 - 30
30#

# or as approved by S.O.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Strength
of Concrete
At 7
Days
(N/mm2)
20
17
14
11

At 28
Days
(N/mm2)
30
25
20
15

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TABLE D6 : DURABILITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REINFORCED OR PRESTRESSED

ELEMENTS WITH AN INTENDED WORKING LIFE OF AT LEAST 50 YEARS
Compressive strength class where recommended, maximum water-cement ratio and minimum
cement or combination content for normal-weight concretec) with 20mm maximum aggregate sized)

Nominal
cover b)
mm

15 +c

20+c

25+c

30+c

35+c

40+c

45+c

50+c

Cement/
combination
types

Corrosion induced by carbonation (XC exposure classes)

XC 1

C20/25
0.70 240

C20/25
0.70 240

C20/25
0.70 240

C20/25
0.70 240

C20/25
0.70 240

C20/25
0.70 240

C20/25
0.70 240

C20/25
0.70 240

All in Table D1

XC2

C25/30
0.65 260

C25/30
0.65 260

C25/30
0.65 260

C25/30
0.65 260

C25/30
0.65 260

C25/30
0.65 260

All in Table D1

XC3

C40/50
0.45 340
-

C30/37
0.55 300
C40/50
0.45 340

C28/35
0.60 280
C30/37
0.55 300

C25/30
0.65 260
C28/35
0.60 280

C25/30
0.65 260
C25/30
0.65 260

C25/30
0.65 260
C25/30
0.65 260

C25/30
0.65 260
C25/30
0.65 260

All in Table D1
except IVB-V
IVB_V

Corrosion induced by chlorides (XS from sea water, XD other than sea water)
Also adequate for any associated carbonation induced corrosion (XC)
XD1

C40/50
0.45 360

XS1

XD2 or
XS2

XD3

XS3

C32/40
0.55 320

C28/35
0.60 300

C28/35
0.60 300

C28/35
0.60 300

C28/35
0.60 300

C45/5
0.35 380
C40/50
0.35 380
C32/40
0.40 380
C32/40
0.40 380

C35/45
0.45 360
C32/40
0.45 360
C25/30
0.50 340
C28/35
0.50 340

C32/40
0.50 340
C28/35
0.50 340
C25/30
0.50 340
C25/30
0.50 340

C32/40
0.50 340
C25/30
0.55 320
C25/30
0.55 320
C25/30
0.55 320

C32/40
0.50 340
C25/30
0.55 320
C25/30
0.55 320
C25/30
0.55 320

CEM I,IIA,IIBS, SRPC

IIB-V, IIIA

C40/50
0.40 380
C35/45
0.40 380
C32/40
0.40 380

C32/40
0.50 340
C28/35
0.50 340
C25/30
0.50 340

C28/35
0.55 320
C25/30
0.55 320
C20/25
0.55 320

C28/35
0.55 320
C25/30
0.55 320
C20/25
0.55 320

C28/35
0.55 320
C25/30
0.55 320
C20/25
0.55 320

CEM I, IIA, IIBS, SRPC

IIB-V, IIIA

C40/50
0.40 380
C32/40
0.45 360
C28/35
0.45 360

C35/45
0.45 360
C28/35
0.50 340
C25/30
0.50 340

CEM I, IIA, IIBS, SRPC

IIB-V, IIIA

C45/55
0.35 380
C35/45
0.40 380
C32/40
0.40 380
-

C45/55
0.35 380
C32/40
0.45 360
C28/35
0.45 360

C40/50
0.40 380
C28/35
0.50 340
C25/30
0.50 340

CEM I, IIA, IIBS, SRPC

IIB-V, IIIA

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

C35/45
0.40 380
C32/40
0.40 380

All in Table D1

IIIB
IVB-V

IIIB, IVB-V

IIIB, IVB-V

IIIB, IVB-V

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D/40

TABLE D6A: MINIMUM CEMENT CONTENT FOR MAXIMUM AGGREGATE SIZES OTHER
THAN 20 MM
Limiting values given for 20 mm maximum aggregate size
Maximum w/c ratio
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35

Minimum cement or combination content

Kg/m3
240
260
280
300
320
320
340
340
360
380
380
TABLE D7: SLUMP CLASSES
Class
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5

Slump in mm
10 to 40
50 to 90
100 to 150
160 to 210
220

TABLE D7A: COMPACTION CLASSES

Class
C0
C1
C2
C3

Degree Of Compactibility
1.46
1.45 to 1.26
1.25 to 1.11
1.10 to 1.04

TABLE D7B: VEBE CLASSES

Class
V0
V1
V2
V3
V4

Vebe Time In Seconds

31
30 to 21
20 to 11
10 to 6
5 to 3

TABLE D7C: FLOW CLASSES

Class
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Flow Diameter In mm
340
350 to 410
420 to 480
490 to 550
560 to 620
630

Maximum aggregate
size
> 40
14
10
mm
mm
mm
240
260
280
240
280
300
260
300
320
280
320
340
300
340
360
300
340
360
320
360
380
320
360
360
340
380
380
360
380
380
380
380
380

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D/41

TABLE D7D: CONSISTENCE SUITABLE FOR DIFFERENT USES OF IN-SITU CONCRETE

Use of concrete

Form of compaction

Kerb bedding and braking

Floors and hand placed
pavements
Strip footings
Mass concrete foundations
Blinding
Normal reinforced concrete in
slabs, beams, walls and columns
Sliding formwork construction
Pumped concrete
Vacuum processed concrete
Trench fill
In-situ piling

Tamping
Poker or beam
vibration
Poker or beam
vibration and/or
tamping

Self-weight
compaction

Consistence class
Normal-weight
Lightweight
concrete
concrete
S1
S2
S2
S3
S3
S3
S3

S3

S3
S3
S3
S4
S4

S2
F5
S3
-

TABLE D7E: MAXIMUM TOTAL CHLORIDE

Type or Use of Concrete

Maximum Total Percentage of

Chloride Ions by Mass of Cement

Concrete containing embedded metal and made with

0.4
cement complying with MS522
Prestressed Concrete and Heat-Cured Concrete
0.1
containing embedded metal
Plain, non-structural concrete
No limit
Notes on Table 7:(1)% Chloride ions x 1.648 = % equivalent sodium chlorides.
(2)% Chloride ions x 1.56 = % equivalent anhydrous calcium chlorides.

TABLE D8 : COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CLASSES FOR NORMAL WEIGHT AND HEAVY

WEIGHT CONCRETE
Compressive
strength class
C8/10
C12/15
C16/20
C20/25
C25/30
C30/37
C35/45
C40/50
C45/55
C50/60
C55/67
C60/75
C70/85
C80/95
C90/105
C100/115

Minimum characteristic cylinder

strength
ck,cyl
N/mm2
8
12
16
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
70
80
90
100

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Minimum characteristic cube

strength
ck,CUBE
N/mm2
10
15
20
25
30
37
45
50
55
60
67
75
85
95
105
115

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TABLE D9 : COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CLASSES FOR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE

Minimum characteristic cylinder
Minimum characteristic
strength
cube strength
ck,cyl
ck,CUBE
N/mm2
N/mm2
9
8
LC8/9
13
12
LC12/13
18
16
LC16/18
22
20
LC20/22
28
25
LC25/28
33
30
LC30/33
38
35
LC35/38
44
40
LC40/44
50
45
LC45/50
55
50
LC50/55
60
55
LC55/60
66
60
LC60/66
77
70
LC70/77
88
80
LC80/88
Other values may be used if the relationship between these and the reference cylinder
strength is established with sufficient accuracy and is documented.

Compressive
strength class

TABLE D10 : MINIMUM RATE OF SAMPLING FOR ASSESSING CONFORMITY

Production

Minimum rate of sampling for assessing conformity

First 50m3
Subsequent to first 50m3 of productiona
of
Concrete with production
Concrete without
production
control certification
production control
certification
3 samples
1/200m3 or 2/production
1/150m3 or 1/production
week
day

Initial (until at least

35 test results are
obtained)
Continuousb (when
1/400m3 or 1/production
at least 35 test
week
results are
available)
a
Sampling shall be distributed throughout the production and should not be more than 1
sample within each 25 m3
b
Where the standard deviation of the last 15 results exceeds 1,37, the sampling rate
shall be increased to that required for initial production for the next 35 test results

TABLE D11 : CONFORMITY CRITERIA FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Production
Initial
Continuous

Number n of test
results for
compressive
strength in the
group
3
15

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Criterion 1

Criterion 2

Mean of n results (
cm)
N/mm2

Any individual test result (cl)

N/mm2

ck +4
ck +1,48

ck
ck

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TABLE D12 : COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESCRIBED MIX

28-day Strength of
Concrete
N/mm2
20.0
25.0
30.0

Grades of
Concrete
20P
25P
30P

Cube Strength at 7
Days*
N/mm2
14
17
20

Average Cube Strength

at 28 Days*
N/mm2
20.0
25.0
30.0

*Only for CEM1

TABLE D13 : IDENTITY CRITERIA FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Criterion 1

Number n of test results for

compressive strength from the
defined volume of concrete

Mean of n results ( cm)

N/mm2

1
2-4
5-6

Not applicable
ck +1
ck +2

Criterion2
Any individual test result
(cl)
N/mm2
ck 4
ck 4
ck 4

NOTE: The identity criteria of table 13 give probability that a conforming concrete volume is rejected.

TABLE D14 : IDENTITY CRITERIA FOR SLUMP SPECIFIED AS A SLUMP CLASS

Requirement
For composite samples taken in
For spot samples taken from initial
accordance with BS EN 12350-1
discharge
Not less than
Not more then
Not less than
Not more than
S1
0
60
0
70
S2
40
110
30
120
S3
90
170
80
180
S4
150
230
140
240
S5
210
200
NOTE : Dimension in millimeters
Specified
Slump
Class

TABLE D15 : IDENTITY CRITERIA FOR SLUMP SPECIFIED AS A TARGET VALUE

Specified Target
Slump
40
50 to 90
100

Tolerance
For composite samples taken in
For spot samples taken from
accordance with BS EN 12350-1
initial discharged
-20, +30
-30, +40
-30, +40
-40, +50
-40, +50
-50, +60

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TABLE D16 : RECORDED DATA AND OTHER DOCUMENTS

Subject
Cements, aggregates,
admixture, additions
Tests on mixing water (not
required for potable water)
Test on constituent materials
Composition of concrete

Tests on fresh concrete

Tests on hardened concrete

Evaluation of conformity
Additionally for ready mixed
concrete

Recorded data and other documents

Name of suppliers
Date and place of sampling. Test results
Date and test results
Concrete description
Record of masses of constituents in batch or load
Water/cement ratio
Chloride content
Date and place of sampling
Location in structure
Consistence (slump or other methods)
Density
Concrete temperature
Air content
Volume of concrete batch or load tested
Number and codes of specimens to be tested
Water/cement ratio
Date of testing
Code and ages of specimens
Test results for density and strength
Special remarks (e.g. unusual failure pattern of specimen)
Conformity/non-conformity with specifications
Location of work
Numbers and dates of delivery tickets related to tests
Delivery tickets

TABLE D17 : CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Type

Nominal Sizes (mm)

Hot rolled grade 250 (MS 146)

Hot rolled grade 460 (MS 146)
Cold worked (BS 4461)
Hard drawn steel wire (MS 144)

All sizes
All sizes
All sizes
Up to and including 12

Specified Characteristic
Strength, fy (N/mm2)
250
460
460
485

TABLE D18 : MINIMUM PERIODS BETWEEN CONCRETING AND REMOVAL OF FORMS

Vertical faces of beams, wall, columns, piles, foundation plinths and precast
components
Slabs (props left under)
Removal of props to slab
Beam soffits (props left under)
Removal of props to beams

3 days
4 days
10 days
8 days
21 days

Note: This table is applicable only for CEM1 cement. Where other types of cement, admixtures or
additional material are to be used, the minimum periods between concreting and removal of forms shall
be as approved by the S.O.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION E : NON-STRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM
PAGE
1.
2.
3.

General
Bricks and Blocks
Walling

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1. General
1.1

Cement
The cement, unless otherwise described, shall be CEM 1 complying with MS EN
197-1 and as specified under SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

1.2

Sand
Sand for mortar shall comply with MS EN 12620 and as specified in SECTION D:
CONCRETE WORKS.

1.3

1.4

1.5

Mortar
1.3.1

Mortar shall consist of one (1) part of cement to six (6) parts of sand, with
the addition of an approved mortar plasticizer used strictly in accordance
with manufacturers recommendation. The ingredients for mortar shall be
measured in proper gauge boxes and shall be mixed on a clean boarded
platform or in an approved mechanical batch mixer.

1.3.2

All mortar shall be used within forty five (45) minutes of mixing and no
remaking up of mortar shall be permitted thereafter.

1.3.3

Mortar for brickwork below damp proof course or ground floor level shall be
in the proportion of one part of cement and three parts of sand.

Damp Proof Course

1.4.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, bituminous damp proof courses

shall comply with BS 8215: Code of practice for design and installation of
damp-proof courses in masonry construction. The bitumen damp proof
membrane shall be two (2) ply with a nominal mass of 1840 g/m.

1.4.2

Bitumen damp proof course shall be in rolls to suit the thickness of walls or
brickwork. The damp proof course shall be bedded on a level bed of
cement mortar (1:1) and lapped at least 150mm or the width of the damp
proof course at running joints and intersections.

1.4.3

In all cases of doubt as to the exact location of the damp proof course, the
Contractor shall refer to the S.O. before laying the damp proof course. The
damp proof course above ground shall be continuous for the whole length
and thickness of the wall and be at least 150 mm above finished ground
level to prevent moisture from the ground rising through the foundation to
the wall above ground, which otherwise would make wall surfaces damp
and damage wall finishes.

Loading
All internal lightweight partitions shall be constructed only for their intended
purposes and any additional loadings shall be referred to the S.O. for approval.

1.6

Insulation (Acoustical and Thermal)

1.6.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, acoustic wall panel

and/or systems shall be constructed and calculated according to
requirements of acoustic specialist and approved by S.O.'s approval.

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1.6.2

Thermal insulation system shall comply with MS1020. Samples of the

insulation material shall be submitted to the S.O for approval before they
are used and subsequent delivery shall be up to the standard of samples
approved.

1.6.3

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, glass wool insulation shall be

50mm thick. It shall have a conductive value of maximum 0.035 W/mK
(tested at a mean temperature of 20C based MS1020 tested according to
ASTM C177/C518). Glass wool insulation shall be fixed in accordance with
the manufacturers recommendation and to the approval of the S.O.

1.6.4

Where stone wool insulation is to be used, it shall be 50mm thick. It shall

have a conductive value of maximum 0.035 W/mK (tested at a mean
temperature of 20C based MS1020 tested according to ASTM
C177/C518). Stone wool insulation shall be fixed in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendation and to the approval of the S.O.

1.6.5

Use of foam based insulation shall be prohibited due to health hazard.

Foam based insulation release toxic substances when heated and burned.

Fire Rating
1.7.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, fire rated walls and
partitions system shall be constructed and calculated according to
requirements and approval of the DGFR and compliance to the Uniform
Building By-Law (UBBL).

1.7.2

The glass wool and stone wool insulation materials used shall comply with
BS 476 - Fire tests on building materials and structures:
(i) Non-combustibility test for materials
(ii) Method of test for fire propagation for products
(iii) Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of
flame of products

1.8

1.9

Type Of Finishes To Walls And Partitions

1.8.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, all plastering works for brick
walls shall include the wall surface area above ceiling finish level.

1.8.2

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings, the appropriate type

of finishes for walls and partitions shall be as specified in the Schedule of
Finishes. Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the
B.Q., The finishes and their dimensions shall be as specified in SECTION
K: PLASTERING, PAVING AND TILING WORKS and SECTION O:
PAINTING WORKS.

Samples And Mock-up

1.9.1

Samples and mock-up of wall construction shall be provided and approved

by the S.O. prior to the commencement of the actual construction works.
The size of the samples shall be determined by the S.O.

1.9.2

The samples and mock-up for walls and partitions shall include
connections between the following components where applicable:
(i) Floor to floor to a minimum of 5 meter length
(ii) Wall corners
(iii) Lintels

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(iv) Stiffeners
(v) Door and window frames
(vi) All other walls between different materials

2. Bricks And Blocks

2.1

General
All brick walls shall have G.I expanded/exmet mesh reinforcement with 750 mm x
5 mm diameter brickwork dowel bar complete with 75 mm right angle bent to hook
onto brickwork at every 4th course.

2.2

Samples
Separate samples of each type of bricks and blocks taken at random from the load,
shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval before the bricks and blocks are used. All
subsequent deliveries shall generally be up to the standard of the samples
approved. No soft, broken, twisted or otherwise defective bricks and blocks will be
permitted to be used.

2.3

Clay Bricks
All ordinary clay bricks shall be machine-made, wire cut and shall be hard, well
burnt, sound, square and clean all in accordance with MS 76.

2.4

Cement Sand Bricks And Hollow Blocks

2.4.1

All cement sand bricks and hollow blocks shall comply with MS 27.

2.4.2

The dimensions of blocks shall comply with MS 1064.

2.4.3

Wherever blocks are used, a modular sized block shall be used and
constructed in accordance with the manufacturers standards,
requirements and method statements.

2.4.4

The composition of cement sand bricks and hollow blocks shall consist of a
uniform mixture of sand and cement. The sand cement shall be mixed in
the ratio of six (6) parts of sand to one (1) part of cement by volume in a
mechanical mixer capable of taking one (1) bag of cement (50 kg of
cement shall be taken as 0.035 cube). The sand used shall be as
described hereinbefore and the maximum size shall pass through a 4.8
mm mesh BS sieve. The cement used shall be CEM 1 as described under
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

2.4.5

The Contractor shall only use cement sand bricks and hollow blocks
supplied by approved manufacturer.

2.4.6

The minimum permissible average compressive strength shall be 5.2

N/mm for bricks and 2.8 N/mm for hollow blocks per 10 samples taken at
random from the Contractors stock pile of 1000 or part thereof. All rejected
or condemned bricks shall be removed from site at the Contractors
expense.

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Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block

2.5.1

Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks shall be high pressure steam cured

consisting of a mixture of ordinary cement, sand and lime. The mix shall be
free from asbestos or toxic substances.

2.5.2

Where autoclaved aerated concrete blocks are used in lieu of clay bricks, a
modular sized block shall be used according to manufacturers standards,
requirements and method statements.

2.5.3

The autoclaved aerated concrete blocks shall have the following

performance criteria:
(i) dry density of between 500 kg/m and 700 kg/m;
(ii) dimensional accuracy of 1.5 mm on all faces;
(iii) the minimum permissible compressive strength shall be 2.5 N/mm
per 10 samples taken at random from the contractors stock pile of
1000 or part thereof;
(iv) minimum fire rating of two (2) hours.

2.6

Patented Brick And Block

Patented bricks and blocks shall comply with MS 27 and shall be used and laid
strictly in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

2.7

Large Prefabricated Panels.

Large prefabricated panels when used shall conform to MS 1313 and shall be
installed strictly in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.

3. Walling
3.1

Brick Walling
3.1.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, the whole of the

brickwork shall be constructed with standard size clay bricks in mortar as
described and the surface left ready for plastering.

3.1.2

All clay bricks shall be soaked in a suitable tank or pit to be provided by the
Contractor for at least half an hour before being laid and shall be kept wet
whilst being laid. The top of walls left off shall be thoroughly wet before
work is resumed. All constructed walling must be left wet and properly
protected from the direct sunlight during the following day. The Contractor
shall provide sufficient means to ensure that this is done.

3.1.3

Cement sand bricks shall not be soaked but dipped in water before being
laid and all constructed brickwork shall be protected from direct sunlight
during the day on which it is laid and also during the following day and the
contractor shall provide sufficient means to ensure that this is done.

3.1.4

All bricks shall be properly bedded in mortar and all joints shall be
thoroughly flushed up and raked out to a depth of 13 mm as the works
proceeds. No joint shall exceed 10 mm in thickness.

3.1.5

Brickwork shall be carried up perfectly true and plumb in a uniform manner.

No one portion being raised more than 1m above another at one time. No
overhand work shall be permitted and scaffolding shall be carried up as the

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work proceeds. The vertical points of every alternate course shall be kept
perpendicular over one another, and all perpends, quoins, et cetera shall
be kept strictly true and square.

3.2

3.3

3.1.6

All intersections and angles of walls shall be properly bonded together, and
all walls and piers of lengths not multiples of brick sizes shall be cut and
bonded in the best approved manner. No broken bricks shall be used
except where required to form bonds.

3.1.7

All half brick (113 mm) walls shall be reinforced at every fourth course with
approved reinforcement (for example exmet) commencing two courses
above floor level. For block walling, reinforcement shall be at every second
course commencing one course above floor level.

3.1.8

All brick walls shall be constructed on reinforced concrete beams in

accordance with the Drawings. No brick walls except lightweight partitions
are allowed to be constructed on reinforced concrete slabs.

3.1.9

Unless otherwise specified, all toilet perimeter walls shall be constructed

using clay bricks. Cement sand bricks shall not be used for toilet walls.

3.1.10

All half brick walls shall be built in Stretcher Bond.

3.1.11

All other brickwork shall be built in English Bond or as shown on the

Drawings.

Facing Brickwork
3.2.1

All facing brickwork shall be executed in first quality approved facing bricks
in Stretcher or Flemish Bond as shown on the Drawings, properly bonded
into any backing walls, piers, et cetera. Joints shall be racked out to a
depth of 13 mm and point up in coloured cement mortar to approved tints,
finished with a neat struck weathered joint.

3.2.2

Facing brickwork shall be kept perfectly clean and no rubbing down of

brickwork will be allowed.

Stonework
3.3.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., all

stone blocks used shall be of limestone or granite whichever is more
readily available within the locality of the Site and shall be free from cracks,
fissures or other defects to the approval of the S.O. The stone blocks shall
in general, have their largest faces parallel. Unless otherwise required, the
maximum thickness of the stone blocks shall in no case exceed the
thickness of the wall or portion of the structure into which it is being built.

3.3.2

Stone walling shall be laid random uncoursed or random coursed as

shown on the Drawings. Through or bonded stones shall be used at one
stone per meter square for random coursed. Where backing brick wall is
shown, the through stone shall be properly bonded in such brick wall.

3.3.3

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all stonework shall be bedded in

cement and sand mortar (1:3) mix and finished with a flushed joint rubbed
down with sacking. All interstices between individual stones shall be filled
with mortar. Finish to exposed surfaces or random walling shall be
hammer-dressed.

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Hollow Block Walling

The cement sand block wall shall be laid in the manner specified for brick wall. The
hollow block shall not be soaked but dipped in water before laying. The hollow block
wall shall be reinforced at every second course with reinforcement commencing one
course above floor level.

3.5

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Walling

3.5.1

Where shown on the Drawings and/or described in the B.Q. or as an

alternative to clay bricks, the Contractor may use autoclaved aerated
concrete blocks for non-load bearing walls and partitions. The autoclaved
aerated concrete block work shall be constructed strictly in accordance
with the manufacturers recommendations. Any extra cost in connection
therewith shall be borne by the Contractor.

3.5.2

The autoclaved aerated concrete block work shall be installed using an

approved thin layer of adhesive mortar to all horizontals and perpends. The
first course must be made true and level using a normal layer of mortar
with thin layer of adhesive to fully seal the perpends. The thin layer of
adhesive shall be applied using notched trowel to obtain an even
distribution of adhesive to achieve joint thickness of 2 mm to 3 mm.

3.5.3

A damp-proof course slip-joint membrane shall be laid on top of the floor

slab or beams before receiving the mortar bedding to allow for differential
movement between the blocks and the supporting structure.

3.5.4

The autoclaved aerated concrete block work shall be laid in a manner that
the vertical joint of the lower course shall be staggered at least 100 mm
relative to the vertical joint of the overlaying course.
Unless otherwise directed and/or shown, where concrete block walls abut
concrete faces, the face shall be flushed.

3.5.5

3.6

3.5.6

Control joints should be built into walls at spacing not greater than 8 m
centres, and at locations in accordance with manufacturers
recommendation.

3.5.7

Care must be taken to keep the walls clean, strictly in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendation. Excess adhesive must be removed
progressively.

3.5.8

In lieu of cement sand plastering, the wall surfaces may be finished with
suitable surface coating that has the dual properties of being waterproof
and water vapour permeable and shall be applied in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendation.

Parapet And Freestanding Wall

3.6.1

Any parapet and freestanding wall consisting of 155 mm thick brick wall
including plastering on both sides shall only be constructed to a maximum
height of 900 mm.

3.6.2

Where shown on the Drawings, freestanding walls above 900 mm in height

shall be constructed as per the engineers detail Drawings or to the S.O.s
approval.

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3.7

3.8

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3.6.3

Precast reinforced concrete copings shall be constructed on all external

parapet and free standing walls. The reinforced concrete coping shall be
laid to fall, complete with 12 mm half round throating.

3.6.4

Freestanding walls more than 3 m length vertically and horizontally shall be

constructed with reinforced concrete stiffeners to engineer's detail and with
the S.Os approval.

Lintel And Stiffener

3.7.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, lintels shall be

provided to all openings and to be sized accordingly by the Contractor to
the S.O.s approval.

3.7.2

Reinforced concrete stiffeners shall be constructed at every minimum of 3

m vertically and horizontally to strengthen brick and block wall system
construction according to engineers detail.

Fasteners
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, fasteners or cramps for frames, metal
windows and precast units shall be built in at 1 m centres on the vertical side of the
frame. Mild steel cramps shall be 25 mm x 3 mm x 225 mm long for fixing wooden
frames, etc. One end of the cramp shall be turned up and screwed to back of the
frame and the other end shall be split and fish-tailed for building in. Cramps which
are to be fixed to concrete shall be embedded in concrete and built into brickwork as
the work proceeds.

3.9

Cutting
All cuttings such as arches, sinks, setbacks, and projections shall be properly
formed. Chases and holes through walls and slabs for the passage of pipes, wiring
and the like shall be neatly cut or formed. Upon the installation of the services pipes,
the chases and holes through walls shall be properly sealed (Fire Stop) to prevent
fire spread as required by the DGFR and UBBL. Where plastering works are done
on the cuttings, the surface shall be smooth and seamless.

3.10

Timber Framing For Partition

3.10.1

All timber used for the timber stud framings for partition walls shall be as
specified in SECTION H: TIMBER, JOINERY AND IRONMONGERY
WORKS.

3.10.2

Wall partition consisting of timber frames shall consist of vertical and

horizontal studs. The studs shall consist of approved timber hardwood with
a minimum size of 50 mm x 50 mm unless otherwise specified. All
horizontal and vertical studs shall be constructed at a maximum spacing of
600 mm centres.

3.10.3

The top most horizontal frame, referred to as the top plate shall be bolted
or nailed to the ceiling and continuously erected using timber or metal
stiffener securely fixed to the slab to the S.O's approval. The timber and
metal stiffeners shall be spaced at 1200 mm centres maximum.

3.10.4

The lowest horizontal frame, referred to as the bottom plate, shall be

securely fixed using bolts or nails. All fixing to slabs, M12 expansion bolts
shall be used at 1200 mm centres maximum with galvanized mild steel

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION E : NON-STRUCTURAL
WALL SYSTEM
JKR MALAYSIA

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strap to the floor to the S.O.'s approval. All fixings to timber slabs shall be
fixed at 600 mm centres maximum.

3.11

3.10.5

Unless otherwise specified, dimension for timber panels shall comply with
MS 1064.

3.10.6

Where proprietary timber partitions are used, they shall be constructed in

accordance with the manufacturers recommendations and to the S.O.s
approval.

3.10.7

Partitions, screens and vent panels, shall be constructed as detailed in the

Drawings. Where shown, galvanized welded wire mesh or expanded metal
of the required sizes and patterns shall be fixed to vent panels and window
openings. The mesh shall be secured in position using rebated and mitred
timber battens and screws.

Metal Framing For Partition

3.11.1

Steel sections such as, but not limited to metal framing and studs shall
comply with ASTM C645, BS EN 14195, BS 7364 or other approved
equivalent standards as appropriate, and to the approval of the S.O.

3.11.2

Unless otherwise specified, all metal framing for partitions shall be

galvanized steel 62 mm C-Studs (vertical) and 64 mm U-tracks (horizontal)
of 0.5 mm base metal thickness. The steel stud shall be manufactured
from galvanized mild steel strip, steel grade Z2 with minimum yield
strength of 210 N/mm and zinc coating type Z275 minimum, complying
with BS EN 10143.

3.11.3

The stud which is to support a joint shall have a minimum fixing face width
of 32 mm for screw fixing and all other framing members shall not be less
than 30 mm. Drywall screws shall be at least 10 mm longer than total
thickness of plasterboards on each side of the partition wall. The
plasterboards are laid staggered and fixed to the metal frames using
drywall screws not exceeding 300 mm centres.

3.11.4

The top most U-frame (horizontal) shall be screwed to the ceiling and
continuously erected using metal stiffener securely fixed to the slab. The
metal studs directly supporting plasterboard sheets shall be spaced at 600
mm centres maximum. The bottom U-frame (horizontal) shall be securely
fixed to the floor slab using bolts or screws. All fixing to slabs, M12
expansion bolts shall be used at 1200mm centres maximum with
galvanized mild steel strap to the floor and to the S.O.'s approval.

3.11.5

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the partitions shall not be

erected more than 3000 mm height. Partitions which are more than 3000
mm height shall be supported by additional structural members, to
structural engineer's detail and S.O.s approval.

3.11.6

Partition above ceiling shall allow for cut out opening for service ducts or
trunks and cable trays. The contractor shall coordinate with all
subcontractors on the exact location and size of the openings. Any gaps
around any pipe ducts through the partition shall be properly sealed with
and approved fire smoke stop system. by the penetration collar protection
specialist.

3.11.7

If full height partition has to be terminated below ventilation duct route

parallel to the partitions, the stud of the partition shall be secured to the

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION E : NON-STRUCTURAL
WALL SYSTEM
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support frame of the duct. In such cases, space between the duct and
reinforced concrete soffit need not be sealed up.
3.11.8

3.12

The deflection of the metal frame partition system under service condition
shall be controlled by the limit for the calculated deflection of the element
chosen for the system and its intended use. The deflection shall not
exceed L/240 or L/360 subject to the finishing material attached to the
partition. Any system wall partition selected shall be installed strictly
according to the manufacturer's specifications and details to the S.O.s
approval.

Plasterboard Partition
3.12.1

The type of plasterboard used shall comply with BS EN 520. The specified
plasterboard shall carry class O approval from DGFR. Unless otherwise
specified the plasterboards used for the works shall be 12.5 mm thick with
standard length of 3000 mm and shall be free of defects.

3.12.2

The deviations and tolerances shall be in accordance with BS 8212. When

required, the deflection under load shall be determined in accordance with
BS EN 520.

3.12.3

The appropriate type of sealant shall be used for the required type of
plasterboard. Elastomeric sealants shall be used at the perimeter of the dry
lining or partitioning to provide an airtight construction and to the approval
of the S.O.

3.12.4

Jointing compound shall be of air drying or setting type, in accordance with

BS EN 13963, and to the approval of the S.O. Jointing compound shall be
applied as per manufacturers recommendation and S.O.s approval. The
use of any additives to modify any of the properties of compounds shall not
be permitted.

3.12.5

Jointing tape for plasterboards shall not be less than 48 mm wide and not
exceeding 60 mm in accordance with ASTM C475 and the approval of the
S.O.

3.12.6

Control joints shall be provided for a long continuous run of plasterboard

wall spaced at not more than 9 m apart.

3.12.7

Corner beads shall be provided as reinforcement to permit construction of

true, concealed angles with gypsum base and panels.

3.12.8

Provision shall be allowed for the plasterboard partition system to support

surface mounted fixtures by incorporating independent support framing
hidden behind or exposed on the partition surface to provide adequate and
appropriate support and to the approval of the S.O.

3.12.9

Wherever possible, full length plasterboard sheets shall be used to

eliminate the need for sheet end butt joints. Where possible, joints on
opposite sides of framing should be arranged to occur between different
framing members.

3.12.10 Plasterboard sheets shall be laid out to minimize butt joints and waste. Butt
joints on adjoining sheets shall be staggered. Butt joints on opposite sides
of the wall shall be staggered. The sheet shall be laid so that the vertical
joints fall a minimum of 200 mm from the edge of the opening.
@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION E : NON-STRUCTURAL
WALL SYSTEM
JKR MALAYSIA

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3.12.11 Fire resisting systems comprising of more than one layer of plasterboards,
the joints in successive layers should be staggered. In the case of walls
sheeted on both sides joints should be staggered on opposite sides of the
wall.
3.12.12 Penetrations in the system shall only be allowed if installed in accordance
to manufacturers recommendation and tested at the Contractors
expenses. Penetration shall be strictly carried out in accordance with the
requirements of the DGFR and to the recommendationapproval of the S.O.
3.12.13 Fasteners shall have a corrosion-resistant finish and be appropriate for
intended use, also in accordance with BS EN 14566 and BS 8212. The
heads of fasteners shall be shaped so that they can be driven slightly
below the surface of the plasterboard without punching through the paper
liner.
3.12.14 Impact resistance of a partition system including gypsum plasterboard shall
be determined in accordance with ISO 7892 and BS 5234-2.
3.12.15 The Contractor shall submit to the S.O., a manufacturers warranty against
any defect or damage to the proprietary plasterboard partition system
which may arise during the period of five (5) years from the date of
Certificate of Practical Completion. Terms of the warranty shall be such as
shall be approved by the S.O.
3.13

Glass Partitions
3.13.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawing, all fixed glass wall
systems shall be 8 mm thick minimum, erected with stainless steel framing
system for sizes up to 1200 mm x 4800 mm maximum installed to
manufacturers recommendation and to S.O.s approval. For sizes more
than 4800 mm, the panels shall be constructed according to
manufacturers recommendation and the installation shall be certified by a
P.E.

3.13.2

Glass doors shall be installed complete with accessories as recommended

by the manufacturer and to the S.O.s approval.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

General
Material
Layout
Excavation
Pipes And Fittings
Joint For Sewer Pipes
Pipe Laying
Bedding, Haunching And Surround
Connections
Manholes, Inspection Chambers And Valve Chambers
Septic Tank And Sewage Treatment System
Connections To The Public Sewerage Line
Testing For Sewer Pipes Installation
Backfilling

F/1
F/1
F/1
F/1
F/3
F/3
F/3
F/4
F/5
F/5
F/6
F/7
F/7
F/9

APPENDIX F/1: TABLE F1: Parameter Limits For Sewage And

Industrial Effluents

F/10

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

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1. General
The work to be done under this section unless otherwise shown or described in the B.Q.
shall consist of the supply, delivery, construction and testing of all sewerage works and
ancillary works, and all necessary works up to the point of final discharge of the effluent. In
the case of discharge into the public sewer or the package sewage treatment plant, the
work shall terminate up to and including the last manhole or intercepting trap of the system.
This section of the work shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the appropriate bylaws and to the approval of the S.O.

2. Material
2.1 Cement, Sand, Aggregates And Bricks
2.1.1

Cement, sand and aggregates shall be as specified in SECTION D:

CONCRETE WORKS. All bricks used unless otherwise shown in the
Drawings or described in the B.Q. shall be clay bricks as specified in
SECTION E: NON-STRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM.

2.2 Sewerage Pipe

2.2.1

The Contractor shall only use sewer pipes from suppliers approved by
SPAN and all materials shall be inspected and approved by the S.O.
before being installed.

2.2.2

The Contractor shall submit the certificate and test report of sewer pipe
to the S.O. for approval.

2.2.3

The Contractor shall make sure the sewer pipe is stored and/or stacked
in such manner to prevent breakage.

3. Layout
The whole sewerage work shall be carried out according to the layout as shown on the
Drawings.

4. Excavation
4.1

Generally, all excavation works in this section unless otherwise specified

hereunder shall be as specified in SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND
EARTHWORKS.

4.2

The Contractor shall carry out survey work to determine the sewer pipe alignment.
Clearance from the building/road shall be 1 m. The pipe alignment shall be
approved by the S.O. before the contractor starts the excavation works.

4.3

The trench shall be excavated to the depths intended or as shown on the Drawings
and shall be finished and trimmed to the correct level and grade. Unless indicated
otherwise, the bottom of the trench shall be graded so that the pipe invert slopes
evenly between the appropriate outlet invert of the preceding manhole and the inlet
invert of the next manhole.

4.4

The trench shall be excavated to such width so as to ensure that a minimum

working space of 300 mm will be available on each side of the pipe when properly
aligned. At all joints, the trench shall be excavated to give a minimum working
space of not less than 300 mm all-round the joint.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

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4.5

The sides of all excavation unless otherwise approved by the S.O. shall be cut
vertical and where necessary shall be protected against caving in by timbering to
the approval of the S.O. If the trench is more than 1.5 m, the contractor shall
provide support for the trench to avoid collapse, settlement or movement of the
banks.

4.6

The trench excavation shall not advance more than 100 m ahead of the completed
backfilled pipeline. Pipe shall be laid in all trenches that have been excavated at
the end of each days work, unless the Contractor get approval from the S.O. to do
otherwise.

4.7

It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to protect and support all existing
water pipes, gas and other conduits crossed by the excavation or work to be
performed and to arrange for their temporary removal and subsequent
replacement.

4.8

The trench should be excavated precisely to ensure the sewer pipe will be in the
centre of the trench. The bottoms of the trenches for all sewers shall be carefully
and truly graded, formed and lined according to the grades and dimensions as
shown on the Drawings.

4.9

Should the ground be so wet or soft, and does not form a firm base for the pipe, if it
is necessary in the opinion of the S.O. then the trench shall be excavated 225 mm
below the level intended or shown on the Drawings and then brought to the correct
level with good selected earth, quarry dust or sand well rammed into place. Such
deepening of pipe trench and filling back shall be treated as a variation under the
terms of the Contract. Should the bottom of the trench be inadvertently excavated
below the specified level, it shall be brought back at the Contractor's expense to
the correct level with good selected earth, quarry dust or sand carefully rammed
into place.

4.10

The Contractor shall remove any water which collects in the trenches while sewer
pipes are being laid. Water encountered shall be disposed of by the Contractor in a
manner satisfactory to the S.O.

4.11

Excess material from the trench excavation shall be located 600 mm (minimum)
away from the trench.

4.12

When excavating pipe trenches in roadway or other paved surfaces, the Contractor
shall first remove all metal, slabs or bricks forming the existing pavement to the
width of the trenches and reinstate to the approval of the S.O. after the trenches
have been backfilled. The Contractor must make sure that not more than half of the
width of a roadway shall be disrupted at any one time during the sewerage work.

4.13

Generally where rock is encountered in the trench excavation, it shall be removed

to the approval of the S.O. Where layer of rock is encountered along the bottom of
the excavation, it shall be cut and trimmed to the required level of the trench. All
voids formed at the bottom of the trench by the removal of rocks shall be back filled
to the required level with Grade 20P concrete or other suitable materials well
rammed and compacted all to the approval of the S.O. Uneven surfaces of rocks at
the bottom of the excavation due to the trimming shall be levelled and smoothen
with sand blinding to the approval of the S.O.

4.14

If the works required pipe jacking, the Contractor shall provide method statement
for S.O.s review and approval.

4.15

The Contractor shall ensure that the work performed is safe and in compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA).

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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5. Pipes And Fittings

5.1

Generally, all sewer pipes unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, shall be
vitrified clay pipes (VCP) and fittings complying with MS 1061 and SPAN
guidelines.

5.2

Sewer pipes used for gravity types of sewer shall be a minimum size of 150 mm for
service connection and 225 mm for public sewer complying with Malaysian
Sewerage Industry Guideline (MSIG).

6. Joint For Sewer Pipes

6.1

Unless otherwise approved by the S.O., joints of flexible and watertight type shall
be used on all sewer pipes. The spigot and socket of each pipe shall be cleaned
and lubricated before the running of each joint.

6.2

Couplings shall be made either of the same materials as the pipe or other material
to the approval of the S.O. The pipes and coupling shall have accurately machined
or molded tapered ends, the internal taper of the couplings matching the external
taper of the pipes.

7. Pipe Laying
7.1

All pipes shall be laid in compliance with MS 1228 and in accordance with the
sizes, locations, dimensions, grades and other particulars as shown in the
Drawings. Each pipe shall be carefully inspected upon arrival at site. Sewer pipes
shall be carefully stored. Defective pipes shall be marked and removed from the
site forthwith.

7.2

Prior to fixing or laying all pipes and fittings shall again be carefully inspect for
damage and only those found to be sound in every aspect shall be fixed or laid.
Any pipes, specials, et cetera found to be damaged in any way shall be clearly
marked, set aside and removed from the site.

7.3

No pipe shall be laid until the trench has been inspected and approved by the S.O.

7.4

The pipes shall be gently lowered into the trench by means approved by the S.O.
No pipes shall be rolled or dropped into the trench. The pipe shall be laid true to
alignment as shown in the Drawings or as instructed by the S.O. Interior and
exterior of each pipe at the joint shall be thoroughly cleaned before the joint is
made. Pipes shall be laid from the downstream end towards the upstream end.

7.5

To prevent the entry of earth and other materials into the pipes, the Contractor
shall provide and fix suitable stops for efficiently closing all open ends of pipes in
the trench while work is not actually being carried out at such open ends.

7.6

Socketed pipes shall be laid with the sockets laid against the direction of flow. At
every position of pipe joints, the bedding shall be recessed sufficiently.

7.7

Where sewer pipes are to be laid on concrete bed, haunched or encased in

concrete surrounds, these shall be as shown on the Drawings and as specified
hereinafter.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

7.8

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The sewer pipes shall be laid to the gradients as shown on the Drawings. Where
the gradients are not shown in the drawings, the pipe shall be laid to the following
gradients:
Size diameter (mm)
100
150
225
250
300
375
450

Gradient
1 : 60
1 : 80
1 : 110
1 : 120
1 : 140
1 : 170
1 : 200

7.9

The invert level of each pipe laid shall be checked during laying and immediately
after laying as shown on the Drawings.

7.10

Where sewer pipes are laid above ground, they shall be supported at intervals to
the details as shown on the Drawings or to the approval of the S.O.

7.11

All external underground sewer pipes shall have a minimum cover of 450 mm
unless otherwise shown on the Drawings.

7.12

Clearance between sewer pipes and other services shall be a minimum of 100 mm
(vertical and horizontal clearance).

7.13

Other Requirements
7.13.1

For easy identification of underground forced sewer mains, the layout

shall be planted with marker posts at every 200 m length and at every
change of pipe directions. Valve chambers provided shall have adequate
access for operations and maintenance.

7.13.2

There shall be adequate site supervision during the construction. These

documents must be submitted before acceptance and approval of
construction:
(i)

Photographs showing sewer

construction for all lengths.
(ii) Testing certificates.
(iii) Supervision certificates.
(iv) Asbuilt drawings.

pipe

laying

during

and

after

8. Bedding, Haunching And Surround

8.1

Concrete bed, haunching and surround shall be of concrete Grade 20P.

8.2

Typical bedding is to be used for all pipes under normal site condition unless
directed by the S.O.

8.3

Only approved materials are allowed to be used for pipe embedment.

8.4

The bedding material shall be placed as soon as possible after the base of the
trench is prepared and excess water has been removed.

8.5

Whenever the bedding is disturbed, the pipe shall be raised to allow for repair
works to be done.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

8.6

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Any pegs or other temporary aids for levelling works shall be removed before any
pipe being laid.

9. Connections
9.1

The Contractor is to allow and provide for all bends, junctions, traps, gullies as
shown on the Drawings or where necessary. If a gully is used, it shall be of the inlet
type, and shall be set level on a concrete base, with a riser to finish 50 mm above
the surrounding surface level, complete with concrete surrounds rendered on all
sides and galvanized iron grating. Bends turned up to receive various stacks shall
be set on concrete bases to the approval of the S.O. The bends at the foot of
vertical stacks shall be of gentle radius type.

9.2

All underground fittings shall be completely surrounded in concrete and the

Contractor shall allow for any additional excavation and jointing of pipes.

10. Manholes, Inspection Chambers And Valve Chambers

10.1

Manholes, inspection chambers and valve chambers shall be constructed with the
sizes shown on the Drawings and MSIG guidelines. Unless otherwise shown or
specified, all dimensions on the plan shall be the inside measurement.

10.2

Manholes and inspection chambers shall be protected by lining/coating to prevent

corrosion of the concrete due to sulphide attack. Internal walls shall be either
rendered with sulphate resistant cement mortar at least 20 mm thick or lined with
PVC, HDPE or epoxy coating.

10.3

Manholes
10.3.1

Manhole covers and frames

10.3.1.1

Manhole covers and frames shall comply with Drawings and

MSIG guidelines.

10.3.1.2

All surfaces of manhole covers and frames supplied shall be

coated as stated in MSIG guidelines with either:
(i) Hot applied bituminous material complying with BS 4147
Type I.
(ii) Cold applied bituminous material complying with BS 3416
Type II.

10.3.2

Manhole testing (before backfilling)

10.3.2.1

Water-tightness test shall be conducted where no visible

leakage shall occur between the manhole cover and its
seating in the frame when tested in accordance with MSIG
guidelines.

10.3.2.2

A visual inspection shall be conducted on all the external and

internal section of each manhole in accordance with MSIG
guidelines. Particular attention shall be given to:
(i) The slope of benching.
(ii) Joints to pipes.
(iii) Transitions at entry and exits.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

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(iv) Joints in the structure.

(v) Quality of concrete finish.
(vi) Water-tightness of manhole covers and surround.
10.4

Inspection Chambers
Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, inspection chambers shall be
constructed in brickwork in cement mortar (1:2) and the brickwork shall be of clay
bricks and constructed on Grade 20P concrete foundation. The thicknesses and
sizes shall be as shown on the Drawings. Each inspection chamber shall have
channels and open channel junctions of sizes as shown on the Drawings. Concrete
benching shall be to a gradient of 1:6 and shall be of Grade 20P concrete finished
with 19 mm steel troweled water proofed cement and sand (1:3) rendering. The
internal sides of the inspection chambers shall be lined with 20 mm thick PVC,
HDPE or epoxy coating. Externally, the exposed concrete or brick surfaces shall be
rendered with 12 mm cement and sand mortar (1:3) and terminated 150 mm below
the finished ground level. All internal angles shall be rounded off. Inspection
chambers shall be provided with covers and unless specified or as shown on the
Drawings, covers shall be medium duty 450 mm x 600 mm cast iron covers with air
tight frames.

11. Septic Tank And Sewage Treatment System

11.1

Septic tank and sewage treatment system shall be constructed as shown on the
Drawings and to the approval of the S.O.

11.2

All septic tank and sewage treatment system shall be approved only by SPAN.
Prefabricated system by the S.P. shall be from the latest Treasury Contract
Circular.

11.3

The quality limit for sewage effluent at the discharge point shall comply with
Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974 or latest. The limit for sewage effluent at the
discharge point shall comply with Standard A of EQA as in APPENDIX F/1.

11.4

Sewage Treatment System

11.4.1

Prior to the installation of the sewage treatment system, the Contractor

shall submit to the S.O. the system design, drawings, method of
statement including structural, foundation, external work and M & E work
duly certified by a P.E. registered with the Board of Engineers Malaysia.

11.4.2

Sewage treatment system shall be approved

Authority/Certified Agency before installation at site.

11.4.3

The S.P. shall provide specification on construction and installation of the

system and during these periods, the Local Authority/Certified Agency will
carry out inspection to ensure the compliance of their requirements.

11.4.4

Upon the completion of the installation of the sewage treatment system

and prior to the issuance of the Certificate of Practical Completion, the
Contractor shall submit the following documents to the S.O. for
information and record:

by

the

Local

(i) S.P.s Guarantee against any defects or damages during a period of

five (5) years from the date of Certificate of Practical Completion due
to any defect, fault or insufficiency in design, material or
workmanship or against any other failure which an experienced
Contractor may reasonably contemplate but shall not include normal
@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

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replacement and maintenance. The terms of the Guarantee shall be

such as approved by the S.O.
(ii) As-built drawings and Operation Manual and Maintenance (OMM) of
the sewage treatment system certified by a P.E. registered with the
Board of Engineers Malaysia.

12. Connections To The Public Sewerage Line

12.1

Connections to the public sewerage line, if any, shall be strictly carried out in
accordance with requirements of the SPAN guidelines and to the approval of the
S.O.

13. Testing For Sewer Pipes Installation

13.1

The Contractor shall carry out tests to the sewer pipes installation in accordance
with the method of statement and requirements as described hereinafter. The
Contractor shall give reasonable notice in writing to the S.O. before such tests to
be carried out.

13.2

Testing of pipework shall be carried out and wherever possible, such testing shall
be carried out from manhole to manhole. Short branch pipes connected to a main
sewer between manholes shall be tested as one system with the main sewer. Long
branches and manholes, shall be separately tested.

13.3

Subject to type of pipe and size, pipes shall be subjected to either low water
pressure tests, CCTV test or any other test required by the MSIG guidelines and to
the approval of the S.O.

13.4

Low Water Pressure Test

13.4.1

The low water pressure test is commonly used for checking the water
tightness of the joints and the integrity of the sewer pipes.

13.4.2

For the water test, the pipe shall be subjected to an internal test pressure
of 2 m head of water above the crown of the pipe at the higher end but not
more than 7 m at the lower end. Steeply graded pipe shall be tested in
such a manner that the above maximum heads is not exceeded.

13.4.3

The test shall be carried out by filling the sewer with water slowly to the
required head and bleed air from behind the upstream plugs. Maintain the
water head for two (2) hours. Top up the water as required.

13.4.4

Check the leakage at the plugs and the test apparatus during the
pressurizing period and the constant pressure holding period. Release the
water pressure if leakage occurs. Make the necessary repairs and
adjustments before pressurizing again.

13.4.5

Commence the test immediately after the last adjustment of water head in
the preceding two (2) hours period.

13.4.6

Add water to maintain the starting water head every five (5) minutes
during the test period of 30 minutes. Record the total amount of water
required for readjustment.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

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13.4.7

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The test is considered pass when:

(i)

The loss of water does not exceed 1 litre per hour linear meter per
meter internal diameter for VCP and reinforced concrete pipes.
(ii) There shall be no loss of water for pipe other than VCP and
reinforced concrete pipes.
(iii) There is no visible leakage at the joints for all pipe types.
13.5

Closed-circuit Television (CCTV) Testing (if required)

13.5.1

General
CCTV inspection where required shall be carried out to enable detection
of sewer defects such as cracks, deformations, collapse, dislocation and
et cetera which are not detected by normal means.

13.5.2

Inspection requirements
13.5.2.1

A CCTV Inspection Contractor registered with SPAN shall be

appointed to carry out the inspection works.

13.5.2.2

General inspection coverage

Initial CCTV testing and inspection shall be conducted for a
minimum 10% random selection of sewer pipes including all
manholes and connections in accordance with SPAN
guidelines.

13.5.2.3

High risk areas

(i)

100% CCTV inspection shall be conducted for sewer

pipes including manholes laid in the ground with high
risk of failure and having the following characteristics:
a)
b)

13.5.3

Crossing under buildings, roads, railway, rivers and

lakes including their reserve.
Crossing using pipe jacking method and horizontal
drilling method.

Witness
Witness from the SPAN, S.O., consultant and contractor responsible for
the construction of sewer shall be present during CCTV inspection.

13.5.4

Documentation
13.5.4.1

Within 7 days after completion of the inspection, the Contractor

shall submit to the S.O. the following:
(i)
(ii)

13.5.4.2

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Two (2) copies of digital records; and

One (1) copy of hardcopy report and recommendation

The format of the report and documentation shall be in

accordance with MSIG guidelines. All documents shall be
certified and duly signed by the qualified person responsible
for the CCTV inspection declaring the authenticity of the
recording submitted and done in accordance with the
procedure stated in MSIG guidelines.

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13.5.5

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During Defects Liability Period

If any blockages, damages, seepages occur to the sewer networks during
the Defects Liability Period, the S.O. may require the Contractor to carry
out further CCTV inspection to determine the cause within 24 hours.

14. Backfilling
14.1

After the pipes have been tested and approved, the trench shall be backfilled with
approved fill material, free from rock and other hard material, well compacted
around the pipes up to a level of at least 300 mm above the top of the pipes. After
this has been approved, the remaining excavation shall be backfilled in 300 mm
layers, each layer being well compacted. The bedding details and the types of fill
material shall in accordance to Drawings and MSIG guidelines.

14.2

Trench support shall be progressively removed during the backfill work.

14.3

There shall be at least 300 mm of cover over the sewer pipe before light
mechanical compaction can commence.

14.4

There shall be at least 1000 mm of cover (depth of backfill) over the sewer before
heavy mechanical compaction can commence.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION F : SEWERAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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APPENDIX F/1

TABLE F1: PARAMETER LIMITS FOR SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

Parameter

BOD5
SS
COD
AMN
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Total
Phosphorus
O&G

Effluent discharge to rivers/stream

Standard A
Absolute
Design
20
10
50
20
120
60
10
5
20
10

Standard B
Absolute
Design
50
20
100
40
200
100
20
10
50
20

Effluent discharge to stagnant water

bodies*
Standard A
Standard B
Absolute
Design Absolute
Design
20
10
50
20
50
20
100
40
120
60
200
100
5
2
5
2
10
5
10
5

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

10

10

10

Notes :
1)

N/A = not applicable

2)

All values in mg/l unless otherwise stated

3)

*Stagnant water bodies refer to enclosed water bodies such as lakes, ponds and slow moving
watercourses where dead zone occur

4)

A : Discharge upstream of water supply sources

5)

B : Discharge downstream of water supply sources

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

General
Interlocking Concrete Tiles
Clay Tiles
Pre-painted Aluminium Roofing Sheet
Concrete Flat Roofs
Pre-painted Steel Roofing Sheet
Roofing Sheet For Marine Environment (Coastal Areas)
Bituminous Corrugated Roofing Sheets
Bituminous Corrugated Roofing Tiles
Fibre-cement Corrugated Sheets
Heat Insulation

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

G/1
G/1
G/1
G/1
G/1
G/2
G/4
G/5
G/5
G/5
G/6

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SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

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1. General
1.1

Unless otherwise stated, the pitch and laps for each type of roof covering shall be
strictly in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation.

1.2

Unless otherwise approved, all roof covering pieces or accessories such as eaves,
hips, ridges, valley et cetera, shall be of the same material as the general covering.

2. Interlocking Concrete Tiles

2.1

Interlocking concrete roof tiles shall be laid on timber or steel battens approved for
roofing at spacing and tightly nailed or screwed as recommended by the
manufacturer.

2.2

Unless otherwise specified, the concrete roof tiles shall be laid to slope in
accordance to the manufacturers recommended pitch and to the S.Os approval.
The roof tiles shall conform to MS 797 and unless otherwise specified on the
Drawings, it shall be laid on metal trusses system to engineers detail and S.Os
approval.

2.3

Tiling fillers consisting of 1:3 cement mortar as specified under SECTION E: NONSTRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM, shall be provided at the feet of the rafters.

2.4

Verges, ridges, hips, valley tiles and complete with all roofing accessories shall be
provided and laid to bond with the general roof tiling works in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendation.

3. Clay Tiles
3.1

Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, clay tiles shall be of 470 mm (length) x
284 mm (horizontal width) pattern confirming to BS 402 and shall be free from
cracks, chips and warps.

3.2

Clay tiles shall be laid with a minimum head lap of 95mm on timber or steel battens
approved for roofing at spacing as recommended by the tile manufacturer. The tiles
shall be firmly screwed or nailed at intervals as recommended by the roofing tile
manufacturer and as approved by the S.O.

3.3

Ridge capping, hip and valley tiles complete with all roofing accessories shall be
provided to match the general tiling works in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendation. All these shall be bedded in matching 1:3 coloured cement
mortar.

4. Pre-painted Aluminium Roofing Sheet

Unless otherwise stated, where aluminium roofing sheets are to be used, they shall be of
the type, gauge and finish as shown in the Drawings and to be fixed strictly in accordance
with the manufacturers recommendation.

5. Concrete Flat Roofs

Concrete flat roofs shall be as specified under SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

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6. Pre-painted Steel Roofing Sheet

6.1

Unless otherwise stated, the metal roof decks shall comply with the following:
6.1.1

6.1.2

Materials
6.1.1.1

The roofing sheets shall be produced from aluminium/zinc alloy

coated steel conforming to MS 1196: Continous Hot-Dip
Aluminium/Zinc Coated Steel Sheet of Commercial, Drawing
and Structural Qualities and AS 1397 Steel Sheet and Strip-:
Hot-Dip Zinc Coated or Aluminium/Zinc Coated.

6.1.1.2

The pre-painted finish over the aluminium/zinc alloy coated

base steel shall conform to MS 2383: Prefinished/Pre-painted
Sheet Metal Products for Interior/Exterior Building Applications Performance
Requirements
and
AS/NZS
2728:
Prefinished/Pre-painted
Sheet
Metal
Products
for
Interior/Exterior
Building
Applications
Performance
Requirements.

6.1.1.3

The exterior finish coat shall have a nominal film thickness of 20

m over 5 m thick corrosion inhibitive primer on top side or
weather side. The backing coat shall be with nominal film
thickness of 5 m over 5 m corrosion inhibitive primer.

6.1.1.4

Minimum steel yield strength shall be 550 MPa.

6.1.1.5

Minimum aluminium/zinc alloy coating mass shall be 150 g/m

(Coating Class AZ 150) on both surfaces conforming to ISO
9223 Category 3 (C3) environment.

6.1.1.6

The Contractor shall submit material warranty from the

manufacturer in accordance with ISO 9223: Corrosion of
Metals and Alloys Corrosivity of Atmosphere - Classification
of the project site and the format approved by the S.O. Material
warranty shall be up to 25 years against perforation by
corrosion, 15 years against flake and peel, 10 years against
colour fading and 5 years against dirt staining.

6.1.1.7

The Contractor shall submit shop drawings for the S.Os

approval prior to commencement of installation works.

Metal sheet profiles

6.1.2.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown in the Drawings, the metal

sheet profile shall be of a concealed fixing system as approved
by the S.O. The roofing sheets shall have the following
minimum requirements:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Base Metal Thickness (BMT) = 0.42 mm.

Cover width
= 680 mm.
Rib height
= 40 mm.
Coating
= Pre-painted aluminium and zinc coated
steel with AZ150 (150 g/m) on both
surfaces.

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

6.1.2.2

Base Metal Thickness (BMT) = 0.42 mm.

Cover width
= 750 mm
Rib height
= 38 mm
Coating
= Pre-painted aluminium/zinc coated steel
with AZ150 (150 g/m) on both surfaces.

6.1.3.1

Installation procedures shall conform to the recommendation of

the manufacturer.

6.1.3.2

The roofing sheets shall be installed and fixed according to the

following method:

(ii)

Concealed fixing using approved clips compatible with

the roofing sheet.
Pierced fixing using approved fasteners compatible with
the roofing sheet.

6.1.3.3

The roofing installer shall be registered with CIDB.

6.1.3.4

Metallic swarf and all other debris including nail, screws, mortar,
construction materials et cetera shall be swept away from the
roof area and gutters regularly, particularly at the end of each
days work and at completion of the installation works.

Clips and fasteners

6.1.4.1

Fasteners type shall comply with AS 3566 Class 3 and be

certified as such by the supplier of fasteners.

6.1.4.2

The recommended type of fasteners shall conform to the

following test:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

6.1.4.3

6.1.5

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Fixing

(i)

6.1.4

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Where pierced fixing system is specified or shown in the

Drawings, the roofing sheet shall have the following minimum
requirements:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

6.1.3

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Salt spray test

Kesternich test
Humidity test
UV test

- 1000 hours
- 15 cycles.
- 1000 hours.
- 2000 hours.

All fasteners and screws shall be of the self-drilling type either

concealed or screwed fixing, complete with preassembled
ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber washers.

Flashing and capping

Approved 0.42 mm BMT ridge capping, flashing, capping and trimming
shall be manufactured to the required shape and sizes. The flashing and
capping materials used shall be from the same material as the roofing
sheets.

6.1.6

Sealants
Only neutral cure silicone rubber sealant type Dow Corning 780 or
equivalent shall be used conforming to AS 3902.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

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Lightning conductors
Aluminium lightning conductor is recommended for use on steel roof
system.

6.2

All fixing accessories shall be rust-resistant and of suitable design and construction
as recommended by the manufacturer for the roofing system and as approved by
the S.O. All fasteners and screws shall be of the self-drilling type either concealed or
screwed fixing, complete with preassembled EPDM rubber washers.

6.3

Identification, storage and packaging of alum/zinc steel roof decking shall be strictly
in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation and comply with the S.O.s
requirements.

6.4

All roof decking sheets, capping, flashing et cetera or wall cladding shall be new,
clean, regular, straight and true to shape with sharp defined profiles, free from
cracks, chips, bends and defects detrimental to practical use or from other surface
imperfections.

6.5

At Site, the sheets shall be lifted from the transport carrier by a crane and properly
stacked clear of the ground, ready to be lifted up to the roof structure for laying.
Where sheets are to be manually lifted, care should be taken not drag the sheets to
avoid scraping away the surface coating.

6.6

Where storage is necessary, stack heights shall be kept to a minimum and the
sheets shall be stacked in a sloping position. Sheets shall be stacked off a dry firm
ground, under cover by tarpaulin or polythene sheets but ventilated and away from
building operations. Should the stack sheets become wet, they shall be immediately
dried to prevent staining and degradation of the surface coatings.

6.7

The Contractor shall be responsible for the absolute water-tightness of the roof and
must ensure that the method of installation, fixing and fastening decking sheets,
caps, flashings et cetera including acoustical, insulation and expansion joints,
whenever required shall conform strictly to the manufacturers recommendation.

6.8

The completed portions of the roof shall be clear of all metallic particles such as
blind rivet shanks, screws, nuts, nails et cetera and dirty foot prints should be wiped
off to avoid early deterioration/corrosion and discolouration. Damages to the coating
shall be repaired with touch-up paint as recommended by the manufacturer and
approved by the S.O.

7. Roofing Sheet For Marine Environment (Coastal Areas)

7.1

The Contractor shall select the correct type of metal sheet profile to be installed for
coastal areas as recommended by the roof manufacturer and approved by the S.O.

7.2

Unless otherwise specified or shown in the Drawings, the roofing sheet for marine
environment shall be metallic coated steel with minimum aluminium/zinc alloy
coating mass of 200 g/m (Coating Class AZ 200) on both surfaces conforming to
ISO 9223 Category 4 (C4) and Category 5 (C5) environment.

7.3

Metallic coated steel shall be manufactured and certified by SIRIM according to MS

1196 Continuous Hot-Dip Aluminium/Zinc Coated Steel Sheet of Commercial,
Drawing and Structural Qualities or AS 1397 Steel Sheet and Strip: Hot-Dip Zinc
Coated or Aluminium/Zinc Coated.

7.4

The pre-painted finish (super polyester paint) type shall be used over the
aluminium/zinc alloy coated base steel shall conform to MS 2383: Prefinished/Pre-

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

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painted Sheet Metal Products for Interior/Exterior Building Applications Performance Requirements and AS/NZS 2728: Prefinished/Pre-painted Sheet
Metal Products for Interior/Exterior Building Applications - Performance
Requirements
7.5

Fasteners used shall comply with AS 3566 Class 4 and be certified as such by the
supplier of fasteners and to the approval of the S.O.

7.6

All fixings and associated components shall be manufactured from compatible

metals and coated conforming to ISO 9223 Category 4 (C4) and Category 5 (C5)
environment. Flashings shall be made from the same material as the roofing sheets.

8. Bituminous Corrugated Roofing Sheets

8.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawing, the bituminous corrugated roofing sheets
shall have the following minimum requirements:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

Length
Width
Cover width
Thickness
Weight of material
Thermal resistance R- value
Thermal conductivity

= 2000 mm
= 950 mm
= 855 mm
= 3 mm
= 3.3 kg/m2
= 0.04 mK/W
= 0.066 W/mk

8.2

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the Bituminous Corrugated Roofing

Sheets shall be laid at a minimum roof pitch of 5 on timber battens at spacing and
tightly nailed/screwed as recommended by the manufacturer.

8.3

Ridge capping, nails and screws shall be provided to match the roofing sheets while
ridges, verges, eaves, hips, valleys, side-wall and end-wall details shall be fixed
strictly in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation.

9. Bituminous Corrugated Roofing Tiles

9.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawing, the bituminous corrugated roofing tiles
shall have the following minimum requirements:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Length
Width
Wave height
Thickness

= 1060 mm
= 400 mm
= 40 mm
= 3 mm

9.2

Bituminous roofing tiles shall be laid at a minimum roof pitch of 9 and on timber or
steel battens approved for roofing at spacing and tightly nailed/screwed as
recommended by the manufacturer.

9.3

Ridge capping, nails and screws shall be provided to match the roofing tiles while
ridges, verges, eaves, hips, valleys, side-wall and end-wall details shall be fixed
strictly in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.

10. Fibre-cement Corrugated Sheets

10.1

Fibre-cement corrugated sheets shall comply with MS 1224. The thickness of the
sheets shall be 3 mm thick for shallow corrugation and 4 mm thick for medium

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

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corrugation. The cement shall comply with MS 522: Part 1. Asbestos processed or
unprocessed shall not be added to fibre-cement sheets.
10.2

The surface intended to be exposed to the weather shall have a generally smooth
finish. Variations of the surface appearance which do not impair the characteristics
of the sheets as defined in MS 1224 are permitted.

11. Heat Insulation

11.1

General
Heat insulation system shall comply with MS 1020. Samples of the insulation
material shall be submitted to the S.O for approval before they are used and
subsequent delivery shall be up to the standard of samples approved.

11.2

Reflective Foil
11.2.1 Reflective foil shall be fire retardant double sided aluminium reflective foil
bonded to reinforced high density polyethylene woven fabric.
11.2.2 The reflective foil materials used shall conform to fire safety requirements
and BS 476: Fire Test on Building Materials and Structures on the following
test:
(i) Non-combustibility test for materials.
(ii) Method of test for fire propagation for products.
(iii) Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of
flame.
11.2.3 Reflective foil properties shall conform to the following:
(i) Thickness : 137 20 micron thick.
(ii) Grammage : 163 10g / m2.
(iii) Tensile strength : 500 N / 50 mm (MD), 500 N / 50 mm (Cross
Direction).
(iv) Emissivity ASTM E408 0.05(972%) / Reflectivity = 95%
(v) Initial Tear resistance: ASTM D1004 >30N
(vi) Tear Propagation: DIN53363 > 600 N/mm (CD) / 800 N/mm (MD)
11.2.4 Reflective foil material may be used on its own with all types of roofs except
with metal decking roof. Where roof is of metal decking, the reflective
insulation material shall be laid below stone wool or glass wool for effective
thermal and acoustic performance.
11.2.5 The reflective foil material shall be installed strictly in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendation. A uniform air space of 20 mm between
the tile roof covering and the insulation material shall be provided to ensure
the effectiveness of the reflective surface. All punctures shall be effectively
sealed with similar reflective material to prevent air leakage and moisture
transfer.
11.2.6 The reflective foil surface shall be free from any thin film of oil, plastic or
lacquer coatings. All dust and/or moisture, if any, shall be thoroughly
cleaned prior to installation. All dust and/or trademarks shall be limited to a
maximum of 5% of the total reflective area. The insulation material shall be
fitted closely around electrical outlet boxes, plumbing and et cetera, and
taped securely to eliminate gaps or voids through which air or water vapour
might pass into the cooler space.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

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11.3

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Glass Wool Insulation

11.3.1 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, glass wool insulation shall be 75
mm thick. It shall have R-Value @ R2.0 mKW (tested at a mean
temperature of 20C based MS1020 tested according to ASTM
C177/C518). The glass wool insulation material used shall conform to BS
476 for Fire tests on building materials and structures on the following:
(i) Non-combustibility test for materials.
(ii) Method of test for fire propagation for products.
(iii) Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of
flame.
11.3.2 The glass wool insulation material used shall be of no added urea
formaldehyde and as approved by the S.O. Glass wool insulation shall be
fixed in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations and to the
approval of the S.O.
11.3.3 Where single skin metal roof is applied, galvanized wire mesh BRC 3316 or
equivalent shall be used to support the reflective foil and the glass wool
insulation.

11.4

Stone Wool Insulation

11.4.1 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, stone wool insulation shall be 50
mm thick minimum. It shall have R-Value @ R2.0 mKW (tested at a mean
temperature of 20C based MS1020 tested according to ASTM
C177/C518). The stone wool insulation material used shall conform to BS
476 for Fire tests on building materials and structures on the following:
(i) Non-combustibility test for materials.
(ii) Method of test for fire propagation for products.
(iii) Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of
flame.
11.4.4 The stone wool insulation shall conform to the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)

Thermal conductivity 0.034 - 0.036 W/mK at 20C mean temperature

tested in accordance to ASTM C518.
Noise reduction coefficients (NRC) of up to 1.0 tested to BS EN ISO
354 at 50 mm thickness.
Non-combustible according to BS 476 Part 4 or EN 13501-1 and
melting point of at least 1000C in accordance to ASTM E794.
No CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs or asbestos shall be used in the manufacture
of the product.
No perceptible odor shall be present when tested in accordance to
ASTM C665.
Not sustaining fungus growth under normal conditions according to
ASTM C1338.
The metal plates (steel and aluminium) in contact with the insulation
shall show no corrosion greater than that observed on the comparative
plates in contact with sterile cotton according to ASTM C665.
Flame spread index less than zero (0) and smoke developed index
less than five (5) according to ASTM E84.
Total volatile organic compound (VOC) emission shall be less than
0.25 mg/m3 and particles emission shall be less than 0.02 mg/m3
tested according to ASTM D5116.
Moisture absorption shall be less than or equal to 0.04 % volume
according to ASTM C1104/C1104M and water absorption shall be less

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION G : ROOFING WORKS

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than or equal to 0.5 kg/m (short-term immersion) according to EN

1609.
11.4.3 The stone wool insulation material used shall be of no added urea
formaldehyde and as approved by the S.O. Stone wool insulation shall be
fixed in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation and to the
approval of the S.O.
11.4.4 The insulation material must be protected from the exposure of rain, water
immersion and chemical contamination during the storage and installation.
If the insulation are in contact with water, adequate drying time must be
allowed to ensure that the insulation are completely dried prior to covering
of the roof covers.
11.4.5 The stone wool insulation shall be installed to the thickness specified and
place butt jointed. Wherever possible the Contractor shall avoid the
compression of the insulation material.
11.4.6 Where single skin metal roof is applied, galvanized wire mesh BRC 3316 or
equivalent shall be used to support the reflective foil and the stone wool
insulation.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION H: TIMBER, JOINERY AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

General
Timber Grades And Size Tolerances
Treatment Of Timber
Moisture Content And Storage
Structural Assemblies Of Timber
Timber Joints
Prefabricated Timber Roof Truss System
Glued Laminated Timber For Structures
Carpentry Works
Joinery Works
Timber Floor Finish
Ceiling Timber Battens
Timber Partitions
Fascia And Barge Boards
External Boarding
Staircase And Balustrades
Timber Solid Panel Doors
PVC Doors
Products And Materials
Ironmongery
Built-in Furniture

H/1
H/1
H/1
H/3
H/3
H/4
H/5
H/7
H/12
H/13
H/13
H/13
H/14
H/14
H/14
H/14
H/15
H/15
H/15
H/17
H/17

TABLE H1
TABLE H2

H/20

TABLE H3
TABLE H4
TABLE H5
TABLE H6
TABLE H7
TABLE H8
APPENDIX H/1

: Schedule Of Timber Grouping And Usage

: Schedule Of Timber Species In Accordance
With Strength Grouping (S.G)
: Schedule Of Moisture Contents (M.C) Of
Timber For Various Positions In Building
: Natural Durability Classification Of Peninsular
Malaysia Timbers For Ground Contact
: Natural Durability Classification Of Sarawak
Timbers For Ground Contact
: Properties Of Malaysian Timber
: Schedule Of Ironmongery
: Timber Species For The Manufacturing Of
Glued Laminated Timber Components
: Glued Laminated Timber Performance
Warranty (Specimen)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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H/22
H/23
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H/28
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1. General
1.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown in the Drawings, the timber species used for
the Works shall be as stated hereinafter in the TABLE H1. The strength grouping for
timber shall be in accordance with MS 544 as shown hereinafter in the TABLE H2.

1.2

All carpentry and joinery work shall include all necessary notching, halving,
morticing and tenoning, wedging, scarfing, dovetailing, sinking for heads of bolts
and nuts and trimming for opening.

1.3

All carpentry work shall be left with a sawn surface except where particularly
described to be wrot. All joinery shall be wrot and finished with sand paper as
required and all sizes stated are the finished sizes. Sizes for carpentry shall be
within the tolerances stated in sub-section 2.1 and sizes for joinery shall be within
the tolerances stated in sub-section 2.2.

1.4

Unless otherwise indicated in the Drawings, all fire protection materials and systems
must show evidence that they have been subjected to the fire resistance test in
accordance with BS 476 or other approved equivalent standards.

2. Timber Grades And Size Tolerances

2.1

Unless otherwise specified, sawn timber for carpentry work shall be as stated
hereunder:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

2.2

Select Grade - for roof truss

Standard Structural Grade - for structural work
Sound Grade - for General Market Specification (GMS) and strips
Serviceable Grade - for scantling

Grading shall be carried in accordance with the Malaysian Grading Rules (MGR) by
timber graders registered with the MTIB. Every timber consignment shall be
accompanied by the Grading Summary certified by the registered timber grader.
The sizes of sawn timber, except where otherwise specified, shall be within the
margin of permissible variations stated hereunder:
(i) For widths, depths or thicknesses not exceeding 75 mm - within 3 mm of the
specified size
(ii) For widths, depths or thicknesses exceeding 75 mm - within 5 mm of the
specified size.

2.3

The Contractor shall provide any necessary blocks, wedges or battens to

compensate for irregular surfaces caused by any variations in size of timbers hereby
permitted.

2.4

Unless otherwise specified, sawn timber for joinery work shall be of Sound Grade
(General Market Specification (GMS) and Strips) and Serviceable Grade
(Scantlings). The finished size for joinery, unless otherwise specified, shall be within
the margin of permissible variation stated hereunder:
(i) For widths, within 3 mm of the specified finished size.
(ii) For thicknesses, within 2 mm of the specified finished size.

3. Treatment Of Timber
3.1

All timber except the heartwood of the naturally durable timbers as scheduled in
TABLE H2 hereinafter and timber for formwork, scaffolding, and other temporary

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works shall be impregnated by means of vacuum pressure processes in accordance

with MS 360 using copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) wood preservatives conforming to
MS 733 in the treatment plant registered with the MTIB.
3.2

If a timber component has sufficient natural resistance to decay and insect

attack by virtue of the natural durability of its heartwood, it may be used without
treatment even where the hazard exists. The natural durability classification of
Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak timbers for ground contacts can be
found in MS 360 and as shown in TABLE H4 and TABLE H5. Sapwood should not
be used without preservative treatment

3.3

Unless otherwise specified, the average moisture content for all timber shall not
exceed 25% in accordance with MS 360. The moisture content shall be determined
in accordance with one of the methods given in MS 837.

3.4

All timber shall be sawn or planed before treatment to achieve the finished crosssection required. As far as possible, all cross-cutting, boring, drilling or other
processing should be carried out before treatment.

3.5

The pH value of the treating solution shall not be higher than 3.0 when determined
by a glass electrode or pH paper at ambient temperature in accordance with MS
360.

3.6

The net dry salt retention shall be determined in accordance with one of the
methods given in MS 360 and MS 821. The minimum salt penetration shall be
determined by one the test methods given in MS 833.

3.7

The material shall be collected by drilling to the required depth as recommended

and shown in MS 360 -TABLE 4. It can also be collected by sawing to the required
depths, and then chipped to the small size. Either sawdust or chipped materials
shall be ground to fine powder.
3.7.1

No
i)
ii)
iii)

3.7.2

3.8

The minimum nett dry salt retention for CCA shall be as shown in the table
below:
Use
Interior and above the ground
Exterior and above the ground
Exterior and in contact with the
ground (other than foundation
piles)

Minimum Net Dry Salt Retention For CCA

5.6 kg/m
8.0 kg/m
12.0 kg/m

All sapwood shall be fully penetrated by the preservative and for

heartwood, the depth of penetration shall be 12 mm.

The Contractor, when required by the S.O. shall produce a certificate from a
preservative treatment plant which certifies that timber required to be impregnated
by means of vacuum pressure processes has been impregnated and has achieved
the necessary nett dry salt retention. Notwithstanding the certificate, the S.O.
reserves the right to carry out independent tests to determine the nett dry salt
retention and the result so obtained shall be conclusive.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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JKR MALAYSIA

3.8.1

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Treatment certificate
3.8.1.1

A treatment certificate shall be produced for each batch of

timber delivered from the treatment plant. The relevant charge
sheets shall be attached with each treatment certificate. The
following information shall appear on the certificate:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)

3.8.1.2

name and address of buyer;

project title/reference;
name of treating company;
name of preservative(s) used;
average retention of preservative obtained;
charge sheet number and date of treatment;
species of timber treated together with sizes and volume;
commodity and hazard class; and
other registration number (where applicable)

The certificate shall be signed by authorized personnel of the

treating company, certifying that the timber has been treated in
accordance with MS 360.

4. Moisture Content And Storage

4.1

At the time of installation, the moisture content of the timber for the various
applications shall not exceed that as specified in TABLE H3.

4.2

Moisture content for foundation piles, formworks and temporary works is not critical
for these applications and therefore is not specified.

4.3

Moisture content of timber shall be determined in accordance with MS 837.

4.4

On delivery to the site, all timber other than timber for foundation piles, formworks
and temporary works shall be properly open-stacked, under cover. Kiln dried timber
shall be properly wrapped and stored under cover if it is not used immediately.

5. Structural Assemblies Of Timber

5.1

The workmanship and method of assembly of structural timber shall generally be in

accordance with MS 544 and in particular, the following requirements:
(i)

The quality of the surface, as finished, shall be appropriate to the position and
use of the timber.

(ii)

When grade or other necessary marks are removed, provisions shall be made
for remarking in accordance with Malaysian Grading Rules. Surfaces at any
joint in an assembly shall be such that the parts may be brought into contact
over the whole area of the joint before connectors are inserted or any pressure
or restraint from the fastening is applied. These surfaces shall have a good
sawn or planed finish.

(iii) Bearing surfaces of notches and other cuttings shall be true and smooth and in
appropriate relation to the other surfaces of the piece.
5.2

Notches other than at the ends of beams shall be U-shaped formed by parallel cuts
to previously drilled holes. The diameter of the hole shall be equal to the width of the
required notch.

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SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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5.3

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Where splitting is likely to have a deleterious effect, end sealing is recommended.

For timbers known to split and check especially after installation, the ends of the
boards and scantlings shall be protected with a coating designed to minimise end
checking and checking and splitting. In severe cases where the ends and sides of
heavy joists of timbers are liable to excessive split and check due to exposure to
windward slanting sunlight, appropriate skirting or cover with a thin timber board
shall be necessary.

6. Timber Joints
6.1

When solid timber members are to be jointed together using mechanical fasteners,
the workmanship and method of assembly shall be in accordance with MS 544 Part
5. The mechanical fasteners are as listed below:
6.1.1

Nailed joint
Where necessary to avoid splitting, nails shall be driven into pre-drilled
holes or diameter not greater than four-fifths of the diameter of the nails.
Care shall be taken to avoid placing nails in any end split.

6.1.2

Screwed joint
Lead holes shall be used to ensure good workmanship in making screwed
joints. The diameter of the hole for the shank shall be equal to the diameter
of the shank, and for the threaded portion, the diameter of the hole shall
not be greater than seven-eighth of the diameter of the root diameter of the
screw thread adjacent to the shank. Care shall be taken to avoid placing
screws in any end split.

6.1.3

Bolted joint
6.1.3.1

Bolt holes shall be drilled to diameters as close as possible to

the nominal diameter of the bolt and in no case more than 2
mm larger than the bolt diameter. Care shall be taken to avoid
placing a bolt in any end split. A minimum of one complete
thread shall protrude from the nut.

6.1.3.2

A washer shall be fitted under the head of each bolt and under
each nut. The minimum sizes of washers are as given in Part 6
of MS 544. Where joints using split-rings are to be used, as
shown in the Drawings, the members of the joints shall be fitted
together in their appropriate positions and clamped or spiked
together before drilling. Alternatively, drilling jigs or multiple
head boring machines may be used, or individual members
may be marked out from the setting-out or by use of prepared
templates.

6.1.3.3

If either of the latter methods is employed, sample members

(usually the first ones produced) shall be carefully checked
against the setting-out.

6.1.3.4

In all instances holes for bolt positions shall be accurately

determined by reference to the point intersection of the centre
lines of the member. Great care is necessary if the first set
members marked out is to be used subsequently as drilling
templates. Greater accuracy can usually be obtained by the use
of special marking or drilling templates located by a pin at the
intersection of the center lines.

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6.1.3.5

Bolts holes shall be drilled at right angles to the surface of the

joint. The contact surfaces of the members should be grooved
to the appropriate dimensions as given in Part 6 of MS 544.

6.1.3.6

Drilling and grooving may be done in a single operation;

alternatively, if the hole is predrilled the pilot of the grooving tool
shall fit in the bolt hole, thus centering the groove about the
hole.

6.1.3.7

Care shall be taken to ensure that all chips and shavings are
removed, and rings shall be expanded before being placed in
the grooves.

6.1.3.8

The joint shall be finally assembled and bolts inserted. Washers

of the correct dimension shall be placed under the head of the
bolt and the nut, and the nut tightened to hold the members
together.

6.1.3.9

Recess for shear-plate connectors shall be accurately cut by

means of a suitable tool to be appropriate dimensions as given
in MS 544 - Part 6.

6.1.3.10

Assembly of units shall be done on a level bed and in such a

way as to avoid damage to any of the members and so that the
finished structural units conform to detailed Drawings and
specification supplied.

6.1.3.11

When assembly is to be performed on the site, one set of

component parts shall be fitted together and dismantled prior to
dispatch to the site, in order to ensure that the assembled
structural units conform to the detailed Drawings and
Specifications. Twisted or damaged members shall be replaced
before erection on the site.

6.1.3.12

Before proceeding with bulk production, a complete assembly

of one of each framed truss or other structural unit shall be
checked to prove the accuracy of the templates, et cetera A
similar check shall be carried out from time to time to control the
wear and tear on templates and gauges.

6.1.3.13

Timber members and built-up units shall be marked in

accordance with a marking diagram.

7. Prefabricated Timber Roof Truss System

7.1

All prefabricated components shall be manufactured only by reputable licensed

truss suppliers and approved by the S.O. This supplier duly termed as System
Provider is responsible for the analysis, design, detailing, drawing, manufacture,
material, handling and erection of the roof members, and their ancillary fixing
components. The full requirement is outlined in the Specification for Prefabricated
Timber Roof Trusses (JKR 20601-0190-12) or the latest edition published by JKR.

7.2

System Provider
7.2.1

The System Provider (S.P.) is a supplier of a proprietary roof truss system

appointed by the Contractor and approved by the S.O., which employs
Quality Assurance procedures in the design, detailing, connection, bracing,

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erection criteria and manufacture of truss components for the structural

roof truss system.
7.3

Duties Of Professional Engineer

7.3.1 The S.P. shall appoint a Professional Engineer (P.E.) whose duties shall
include the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

7.4

Preparation of roof truss analysis and design;

Preparation of drawings;
Design changes in every stage of work;
Certification for completion of roof truss installation;
Final certification for roof truss installation prior to issuance of
Certificate of Practical Completion for the whole Works to the
Contractor.

Fabricator
All trusses shall only be assembled by licensed fabricators approved by the S.P.
and registered with CIDB. A copy of the CIDB registration certificate shall be
submitted to the S.O. for verification.

7.5

Installer
All installation works shall be executed and supervised by qualified personnel with
valid certificates issued by CIDB. The S.O. shall verify the identification and
qualification of the installer prior to the installation.

7.6

General Truss Limitation

7.6.1

Prior to any pre fabricated timber roof trusses works, the following general
limitation shall be applied:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

(iv)
7.7

Maximum unsupported truss span 12 m with permitted deviation of

0.05 m.
Maximum truss spacing of 1.2 m with permitted deviation of 0.025
m.
The minimum basic wind speed shall be 35 m/s. However, the
minimum basic wind speed shall be increased to 41 m/s for
lightweight roof covering.
Maximum roof pitch shall be of 45.

Analysis, Design Report And Drawings Submission

7.7.1

The S.P. through the Contractor shall propose to the S.O. or his approval a
roof truss system which is safe, functional and conforming to design
standard. Submission of proposal shall include truss analysis, design
report, and construction drawings. The truss analysis shall indicate all
loads, load combinations, connections criteria, bracings and tie-down of
the truss. Design output of the truss members, battens, connections, tiedown and wall plates, anchors, bracings, truss accessories, splicing and
stiffeners where related to the analysis shall be included in the design
report. (Refer to Appendix 3 of JKR 20601-0190-12)

7.7.2

All details in the construction drawings shall be sufficient to enable

checking against the analysis and design report, by specifying and
providing not limited to: the truss layout and configuration, timber grades,
section properties of members, length of members in each truss
configuration, properties of truss accessories, specification of fastener and

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anchor, tie-down and anchoring details and all types of connection details
including the connection of all attachments to the trusses.
7.7.3

7.8

Technical specifications for fastener and anchor of which the design refers
to shall also be submitted. Verification test certificate from an approved
accredited laboratory on the technical parameter specified in the technical
specifications shall be submitted upon request by the S.O.

Warranty
7.8.1

When a prefabricated timber roof truss system is used, the Contractor shall
submit to the S.O. a warranty from the S.P. with the following provisions:
(i)
(ii)

The products used are genuine and free from manufacturing defects;
The prefabricated timber roof truss system is installed in accordance
with the S.P.s instructions, guidance and specifications that will deliver
the specified level of performance;
(iii) The warranty certificate shall cover a period of ten (10) years from the
date of Certificate of Practical Completion against any defect or failure
due to the installation and workmanship by the S.P.s registered panel
installer.

8. Glued Laminated Timber For Structures

8.1

8.2

General
8.1.1

This sub-section shall apply to the construction of all structures or parts of

structures to be composed of glued laminated timber manufactured by
gluing together individual pieces of dimensioned timber with or without
steel joints and connectors. The work shall be carried out all in accordance
with this specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and crosssections shown in the Drawings and as required by the S.O.

8.1.2

All glued laminated timber building components shall be manufactured and

assembled by licensed glued laminated timber manufacturers approved by
the S.O. The Contractor shall provide the necessary documents relating to
the proposed manufacturer such as valid licenses or other certificates to
the S.O. for approval prior to the commencement of any manufacturing
work.

8.1.3

All glued laminated timber members shall be manufactured in a factory

which has quality control and quality assurance procedures in place as
approved by the S.O. The S.O. reserves the right to visit the factory before
giving any approval.

8.1.4

Prior to fabrication, the Contractor shall notify the S.O. on the dates of tests
that shall be carried out. The S.O. may appoint a representative in the
event the S.O cannot be present during the tests. The Contractor shall
forward a copy of the test results jointly certified by the manufacturer for
the S.O.s acceptance and approval.

Material
8.2.1

Timber
8.2.1.1

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Unless specified otherwise, the timber species used for the

manufacturing of glued laminated timber components shall be
selected from Malaysian tropical hardwoods that satisfy the

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requirements for strength classes D40 to D70 when graded to

Hardwood Structural Grade (HSG) in accordance with BS 5756.
A list of timber species that satisfies the requirements is shown
in TABLE H8 of this specification.

8.2.2

8.2.3

8.2.4

8.2.1.2

The timber species should attain sufficient natural durability and

resistance to decay and insect attack as stipulated in MS 544:
Part 10.

8.2.1.3

Timber of single species or a mixture of species can be used in

a glued laminated timber structural frame, provided that it is
proven to be suitable for the manufacturing of glued laminated
timber by the qualification test given in MS 758. Lamination of a
glued laminated timber member shall not be of a mixture of
different timber species.

8.2.1.4

The visual strength grading for all timber used for structural
works should be visually graded based on the grading
requirements of MS 1714: Specification for Visual Strength
Grading of Tropical Hardwood Timber. The visual grading shall
be carried out by timber graders registered with MTIB.

8.2.1.5

The Contractor is to supply all timber used in the manufacturing

of glued laminated timber component to be of Hardwood
Structural Grade as defined under MS 1714.

Moisture content for non treated timber

8.2.2.1

At assembly, the moisture content in every lamination shall be

in the range of 8% to 15%. The range of moisture content of the
laminations in a glued laminated timber member shall be not
greater than 4%.

8.2.2.2

Method for the determination of the moisture content of timber

is as stipulated in MS 837.

Moisture content for treated timber

8.2.3.1

At assembly, the moisture content in every lamination shall be

in the range of 11% to 18%. The range of moisture content of
the laminations in a glued laminated timber member shall be
not greater than 4%.

8.2.3.2

Method for the determination of the moisture content of timber

is as stipulated in MS 837.

Adhesive
8.2.4.1

8.3

The adhesive shall be capable of producing strong and durable

joints, ensuring that the integrity of the bond is maintained
throughout the intended lifetime of the structure. The adhesive
shall meet the requirement for adhesive Type I and minimum
Service Class 2 as stipulated in MS 758.

Laminations And Bonding

8.3.1

The individual laminations shall be end jointed to the final length before
planing.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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JKR MALAYSIA

8.4

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8.3.2

Grooving of laminations to reduce the effect of cupping is permitted. In

each lamination one groove is permitted in the middle part of the cross
section, with a maximum width of 4 mm and a maximum depth of one third
of the lamination thickness. Grooves in adjacent laminations shall be
staggered by at least the thickness of the laminations.

8.3.3

When laminations are jointed by finger joints these shall be produced in

conformity with BS EN 385 or equivalent Malaysian standard.

8.3.4

Where a lamination for horizontal glued laminated timber consists of two

boards side by side and the edges are not bonded, the edge-joints in
adjacent laminations shall be staggered laterally by at least the lamination
thickness. For members used in Service Class 2 the outer lamination on
each face shall be edge-bonded. For members used in Service class 3 the
outer four laminations on each face shall be edge-bonded.

8.3.5

Laminations in vertical glued laminated timber to be used in Service Class

2 are not required to be edge-bonded, but the edge joints in adjacent
laminations shall be staggered by at least one third of the board width. In
members to be used in Service Class 3 the outer laminations shall be
edge-bonded.

8.3.6

The laminations shall be planed or similarly finished before bonding. The

planing shall be carried out no more than twenty four (24) hours before
bonding, unless the species and the storage environment are such that
unacceptable surface changes will not take place. With species that are
difficult to bond, e.g. have high resin content or where the laminations have
been treated with preservative, planing shall be carried out within 6 hours
of bonding. It is the responsibility of the glued laminated timber
manufacturer to qualify any procedures used and to determine the
permissible delay between machining and gluing.

8.3.7

The maximum permitted deviation from the average thickness within a

lamination length of 1 m is 0.2 mm. Where non-gap-filling adhesives are
used the limit deviation shall no exceed 0.1 mm. The difference in
thickness over the cross-sectional width of the lamination shall be less than
0.15% of the width and in no case exceed 0.3 mm.

8.3.8

At the time of bonding the surfaces of laminations shall be clean. The

adhesive spread shall be uniform and in sufficient quantity in accordance
with the recommendations of the adhesive manufacturer.

Cramping
8.4.1

The cramping arrangement shall ensure a uniform pressure over the glue
line. The pressure shall be that specified in the adhesive manufacturers
instructions for the adhesive used but in no case shall it be less than 0.7
N/mm2. The application of pressure at a suitable temperature shall be
completed within the closed assembly time, when a continuous squeeze
out or bead along the edge of each glue line shall be produced.

8.4.2

For curved members higher cramping pressures shall be applied and in

such a way that the laminations can slide over each other in the lengthwise
direction to avoid open glue lines. Sufficient pressure shall be maintained
during cramping. Tightening up shall be carried out as necessary, and in all
cases immediately after initial cramping.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

8.5

8.6

8.7

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Preservative Treatment
8.5.1

Where the timber used is not naturally durable (as specified in TABLE H2),
it shall be preservative treated. The treatment of timbers shall be as
specified in sub-section 3: Treatment of Timber of this specification.

8.5.2

If any other preservative chemical is used, contractor shall provide

necessary documents as may be required by the S.O to prove the
efficiency of the chemical treatment.

Coating Specification
8.6.1

All glued laminated timber members shall be coated with a minimum of two
coats of clear construction sealer. The sealer shall be applied in
accordance with the manufacturers specification and to the S.O.s
approval. The Contractor shall rectify any damage to the coating after the
erection has been carried out. The Contractor shall also provide details of
the sealer used to the S.O. for record.

8.6.2

All glued laminated timber shall receive an additional coat of protective

sealer before shipping/transport and shall be properly wrapped for
protection during shipping/transport and erection. The wrapping should be
left in place as long as possible until permanent protection from the
weather is in place.

Submission Of Documentation
8.7.1

Prior to the manufacture and fabrication of the glued laminated timber, the
Contractor shall provide two (2) copies of the following documents for the
S.O.s approval:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

8.8

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
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Particulars of the manufacturer

Quality assurance programme of the manufacturing process
Method statement for assembly, installation, handling and
transportation
Manufacturers fabrication drawings
Manufacturers assembly drawings
Grading summary of timber to be used in the manufacturing of glued
laminated timber, issued by timber grader certified by MTIB
Results of qualification tests

Production Quality Control

8.8.1

The Contractor shall establish and maintain documented factory production

control to ensure that the produced glued laminated timber members
conform to the design requirement as demonstrated in the qualification
tests.

8.8.2

From each work shift and each production line, a representative sample of
end joint shall be drawn and tested in flatwise bending as described in BS
EN 385. For each production line and shift the bending strength is
acceptable is if one of the condition stated in sub-section 7.1.2 of MS
758:2001 is met.

8.8.3

Also, from each shift which gluing is carried out, one full cross-sectional
specimen shall be taken for every press load or every 10 m3 of production.
The specimen shall be cut from a cured glued laminated timber member
produced during each work shift. If all tests for a three-month period satisfy

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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the requirements the number of samples may be reduced to not less than
half the number prescribed above.

8.9

8.8.4

The Contractor shall provide information on the glue line integrity, results of
delamination tests and results of glue line shear test which shall not be
less than as stipulated in MS 758.

8.8.5

The values for manufactured glued laminated timber shall not be less than
the value for designed glued laminated timber. The values of the
manufactured glued laminated timber properties shall be determined in
accordance with MS 544: Part 2 or AS/NZS 4063.

Initial Qualification Tests

8.9.1

The Contractor shall be fully responsible to carry out qualification tests

which shall be witnessed by the S.O. The Contractor shall carry out a
qualification test whenever a new process or process change involving
new adhesive, species combination, finger joint profile and lamination
thickness.

8.9.2

Qualification tests

8.9.3

8.10

8.9.2.1

Unless otherwise stated and approved by the S.O. in writing,

qualification tests shall be carried out on completed samples of
glued laminated timber members before any actual
manufacturing is allowed.

8.9.2.2

The tests shall cover the determination of characteristic

strength of glued laminated timber member in bending,
compression, tension and shear and characteristic modulus of
elasticity in bending, and shall be determined by undertaking
tests on completed 300 mm deep glued laminated timber
members in accordance with AS/NZS 4063 and MS 758:2001.

8.9.2.3

The characteristic bending strength shall be obtained from

flatwise bending test of the joint in the lamination.

The Contractor shall declare the manufactured glued laminated timber

properties are as required by the designer and as shown in the drawings.
The required properties to be declared are characteristic values for
bending strength, modulus of elasticity, compression strength, shear
strength and tension strength.

Handling And Installation

8.10.1

The Contractor shall submit the method statement of installation for the
approval of the S.O. The method statement shall explain the sequence of
erection of glued laminated timber and required safety measures. Glued
laminated timber members shall be installed in accordance with the
Assembly Drawings.

8.10.2

At all stages of construction, all glued laminated timber structural

components shall be properly protected to prevent damage.

8.10.3

During on-site storage, glued laminated timber members shall be stored off
the ground with spacer blocks spaced between members. The Contractor
shall be responsible for the storage of glued laminated timber members
properly at site to prevent bending, tipping or toppling of the members.

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SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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Proper transit, storage and construction methods are required to avoid

rapid changes in the moisture content of glued laminated timber members
at site. If the storage at site takes longer period prior to installation than the
Contractor shall ensure that, the wrapping of glued laminated timber
members shall be cut on the underside to prevent the accumulation of
water condensation.

8.10.5

During handling, correct lifting equipment shall be used. All glued

laminated timber members must be protected from damages due to straps,
chains and wire ropes.

8.10.6

During erection, glued laminated timber frame shall be properly braced that
is permanent and temporary bracing to provide stability in accordance with
the method statement prepared by the Contractor and approved by the
S.O.
The Contractor shall ensure the accuracy of the prepared foundation,
position of glued laminated timber structure, base plate and holding down
bolts. Any discrepancies and deviations shall be remedied by the
Contractor to S.O.s approval before erection commences.

8.10.8

8.12

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8.10.4

8.10.7

8.11

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All end grains shall be protected from moisture or water accumulation by

provision of permanent steel end capping.

Defects And Alteration

8.11.1

Glued laminated timber structures shall not have any debonding. Glued
laminated timber structures affected by debonding shall be marked as
Rejected and removed from site.

8.11.2

No element of the glued laminated timber structures shall be cut, notched,

detached from their connections or altered from its original condition after
delivery to site without the prior written approval of the S.O.

8.11.3

Where defects exceeding the limits or permitted tolerances are detected,

rectification works shall not be carried out unless with written approval of
the S.O.

Warranty
8.12.1

The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. a performance warranty by the

manufacturer to the Government on the performance of the glued
laminated timber member against debonding which may occur during a
period of ten (10) years from the date of practical completion. The terms of
the performance warranty shall be as stipulated in APPENDIX H/1 and as
approved by the S.O.

9. Carpentry Works
9.1

All carpentry shall be accurately set out in strict accordance with the Drawings and
shall be framed together and securely fixed to the approval of the S.O. Timber
framing shall be properly braced and checked, halve, screwed or bolted together as
required. Longitudinal joints in plates, ridge, fascias, et cetera shall be formed over
supports. Those timber members with lapped joints shall lap at least 150mm or
twice the depth of the timber whichever is the greater. The brads, nails, screws,
spikes, plugs, bolts, framing anchors and timber connectors shall be provided
wherever necessary and as detailed. Other than those detailed, no joints are
permitted in structural work unless prior permission is obtained from the S.O. No
structural member shall be notched unless instructed by the S.O.

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SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

9.2

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For the carpentry works, timbers shall, as far as possible be in piece between
continuing lengths. At corners, timbers shall be halved for materials of the same
thickness, and sufficiently lapped for materials of different thicknesses.

10. Joinery Works

10.1

All doors, windows, louvers, screens and the like shall be constructed as shown in
the Drawings. Frames shall be assembled at the commencement of the work and all
members shall be carefully morticed and tenoned together but no wedging, pinning
or gluing shall be done until the framing is prepared in readiness for immediate
fixing. All doors, windows, louvers, screens and the like shall be properly stored on
site.

10.2

Immediately before fixing in its final position, joinery shall be wedge and pinned by
drawn hole pinning with 10 mm diameter Strength Group 1 and 2 timber dowels
pins. The pins shall be left projecting until permission is given for flushing off. The
methods of framing and putting together of all Works shall be approved by the S.O.
before being executed. Any portions that warp, twist or develop any other defects
shall be replaced before wedging up. All framed work shall be pinned before being
framed together.

10.3

The choice of species for joinery should be based on working properties of timbers
that is maximum percentage of shrinkage.

10.4

Jointing or connection for joinery that is nailed joint, screwed joint, coach screwed
joint or bolted joint shall comply with MS 544 Part 5.

11. Timber Floor Finish

11.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, timber floors shall be constructed using
100 mm x 38 mm wrot, tongued and grooved boardings, well cramped up and
secret nailed to each joist or batten with 62 mm wire nails. Floor boarding shall be in
long lengths with splayed heading joints and no two adjacent joints shall occur over
the same joist. On completion, the flooring shall be planed, sanded and all gaps
sealed with an approved sealer. The floor shall then be cleaned off and unless
otherwise specified, it shall be finished with three coats of approved polyurethane
paint applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

11.2

Wrot timber skirting shall be provided where shown and as detailed in the Drawings.
Skirting shall be in long lengths with splayed heading joints and with mitres, returns
and ends neatly cut and fitted and fixed to grounds.

11.3

Where engineered timber flooring are specified or shown in the Drawings, it shall be
finished with high abrasive protective overlay and a moisture barrier balancing film
to be applied on timber flooring backing in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations and S.Os approval.

11.4

Timber strip and parquet flooring shall be as specified in SECTION K:

PLASTERING, PAVING AND TILING WORKS.

12. Ceiling Timber Battens

Where ceiling battens are used for ceilings, it shall be fixed to the frames with butt `V' joint
using nails or screws. Asbestos-free cement flat sheets for ceiling shall be 5 mm thick fixed
to frames using mitred profiled timber cover battens and brass screws with rounded edge

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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beading. Ceiling panels shall be set out symmetrically from the centre line of the ceiling.
Suspended ceiling systems shall be as specified in SECTION I: CEILING WORKS.

13. Timber Partitions

Non-structural timber partitions shall be as specified under SECTION E: NONSTRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM.

14. Fascia And Barge Boards

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, fascia and barge boards shall be 25 mm thick
wrot timber and supplied in long lengths. The boards shall be fixed in whole lengths and
where joints are necessary, they shall be scarfed jointed and the joints shall occur only
over the ends of roof framing members and mitred corners. Board, 250 mm wide and less
shall be in one width and those deeper shall be formed by multiple of boards jointed
together by tongue and groove and V joint.

15. External Boarding

15.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all external boarding shall be formed with
150 mm x 19 mm horizontal, vertical or diagonal boarding in wrot pressure-treated
timber in long lengths and to the sectional profile as detailed in the Drawings.

15.2

Unless otherwise shown, lapping for plain weather boarding shall be 38 mm.
Boarding shall be secured to the frames using 75 mm galvanized steel nails and in
the case of plain weather boarding, nails shall not be driven through the lapped
portions. The exposed bottom ends of all external vertical boarding shall be splayed
inward at an angle of 30 degrees and treated with preservatives.

15.3

The timber boarding shall be cleaned off and unless otherwise specified, it shall be
finished with approved polyurethane base paint with UV protection applied strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The strength grouping for
external timber flooring shall be in accordance with the Properties of Malaysian
Timber as shown hereinafter in TABLE H6.

15.4

For coastal environments and exposed weather applications subjected to airborne

salts deposition, metal connectors and fasteners used shall comply with AS 3566
Class 4 and be certified as such by the supplier of fasteners and to the approval of
the S.O.

15.5

All fixings and associated components shall be manufactured from compatible

metals and coated conforming to ISO 9223 Category 4 (C4) and Category 5 (C5)
environment. Flashings shall be made from the same material as the roofing sheets.

16. Staircase And Balustrades

16.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, the Contractor shall prepare Shop
Drawings as required for the Works. Prior to the fabrication and installation works,
the Contractor shall submit the Shop Drawings to the S.O. for approval.

16.2

The preferred sizes for modular staircase and stair openings shall comply with MS
1064: Part 3.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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17. Timber Solid Panel Doors

17.1

All fire doors shall be of the appropriate Fire Resistance Period (FRP) in accordance
with the Ninth Schedule of the Uniform Building By-Laws.

17.2

All fire doors including frames shall be constructed to a specification of the relevant
FRP in accordance with MS 1073 and shall be tested by a laboratory, approved and
certified by DGFR and have obtained a Product Certification Scheme from an
accredited certification body.

17.3

All double leaf doors with rebated meeting stiles shall be provided with coordinating
device so as to fit fully within the door openings with a gap of not more than 3mm
between the frame and the edge of the door when closed.

17.4

Where shown on the Drawings, approved vision panel of suitable size shall be
incorporated in the Fire Rated Door.

17.5

Flush doors shall generally comply with MS 1506: Specification for Wooden Door
with plywood facing and strength group 1 and strength group 2 timber lipping, mitred
around all edges. The plywood and strength group 1- 4 shall in all respects with the
Specifications mentioned hereinbefore.

17.6

The preferred sizes for modular door sets shall comply with MS 1064: Part 4 and for
modular windows shall comply with MS 1064: Part 5.

18. PVC Doors

18.1

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, PVC doors shall be of strong impact
resistance and waterproof/moisture resistant laminated timber finish on both sides.
Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, the door shall be 38 mm thick.

18.2

PVC toilet doors shall be of full single panel of flush type. It shall be 100%
waterproof, strong impact resistance and not be discoloured easily. Unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings, the door shall be 38 mm thick. PVC door shall be
delivered to the site complete with ironmongery as listed in the TABLE H7.

19. Products And Materials

19.1

Plywoods
19.1.1

Unless otherwise specified, plywood used for interior and exterior purposes
other than for formworks and temporary works shall be manufactured with
Moisture Resistant (MR) bond and Weather and Boil Proof (WBP) bond
respectively in compliance with MS 228. Boards which are to be painted or
varnished shall be properly sanded down and holes and crevices filled with
approved wood putty or filler.

19.1.2

Plywood intended for use as shuttering board shall be of the Weather and
Boil Proof (WBP) type.

19.1.3

Plywood intended for structural use, shall be of Malaysian Basic Structural

Grade (MBSG) rated or equivalent and shall comply with MS 544: Part 4.

19.1.4

Plywood to be used in marine environment or severe wet conditions shall

be in accordance with MS 544: Part 4.

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SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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19.2

19.3

19.4

19.5

19.6

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Blockboard
19.2.1

Blockboard shall comply with MS 1123. Fixing of blockboards shall

generally be in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

19.2.2

Boards which are to be painted or varnished shall be properly sanded

down and holes and crevices filled with approved wood putty or filler to the
approval of the S.O.

Chipboards
19.3.1

Chipboards shall be of the type manufactured from wood chips or shavings

combined with a thermosetting synthetic resin glue binder bonded and hotpressed together and complying with MS 1036 for medium density
chipboard. The type and quality of boards shall be approved by the S.O.
The boards shall be fixed as detailed in the Drawings with a minimum edge
distance of 12 mm for nailing.

19.3.2

Boards which are to be painted or varnished shall be properly sanded

down and holes and crevices filled with approved wood putty or filler to the
approval of the S.O.

Fibre Building Boards

19.4.1

All fibre building boards namely, Hard Board, Medium Board and Medium
Density Fibre Board (MDF) shall comply with MS 1429 and MS 1912. The
type and quality of Fibre building boards shall be as approved by the S.O.
Perforated hardboards shall be not less than 3.2mm thick with maximum of
4.8mm perforation at 19mm centers unless otherwise stated in the
Drawings.

19.4.2

All fibre building boards shall be fixed strictly in accordance with the
manufacturers instruction. Unless otherwise detailed in the drawings, the
ceiling boards shall be butt and `V jointed.

Composite Boards
19.5.1

The type and quality of composite boards shall be as approved by the S.O.
and shall be fixed strictly in accordance with the manufacturers instruction.

19.5.2

Fixing of timber base composite boards shall comply with the

manufacturers instructions. Panels which are to be painted or varnished
shall be properly sanded down and holes and crevices filled with approved
wood putty or filler to the satisfaction of the S.O. Panels which are for wet
prone area, shall comply with MS 1787.

Woodwool Slabs
19.6.1

19.7

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Woodwool slab shall comply with MS 1036 and shall be of the type and
quality as approved by the S.O. Unless otherwise specified in the
Drawings, the slab shall be laid with its length at right angles to support,
fixed strictly in accordance with the manufacturers instruction.

Wood Cement Boards

19.7.1

Wood cement boards shall comply with the requirements of MS 934 or MS

544:Part 4. In fixing, the board must be supported on all four edges and at
immediate positions at centres not exceeding 610 mm. Joints between

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AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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boards shall occur on centers of supports. Minimum edge distance shall be

20 mm.
19.7.2

19.8

High Pressure Laminate (HPL)

19.8.1

19.9

Boards which are to be painted shall be lightly sanded and any dust shall
be removed from the surface with a piece of clean coarse cloth. Any filling
compounds used shall be alkali-resistant. Fixing of the board shall be in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

High Pressure Laminate is a thermoset paper/plastic composite, where

decorative papers impregnated with melamine are consolidated over
phenolic-impregnated craft papers at high temperature and pressure to
form a homogenous laminate. Unless otherwise specified, HPL shall
comply with MS 1787: Part 1-15 for durability.

Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)

19.9.1

WPC shall be made from minimum 70% rice husk and balance recycled
HDPE. WPC solid decking system shall be of 145 mm (w) x 25 mm (t)
fixed onto 300 mm c/c on Suspended Leveling System with hot dipped
zinc-aluminium alloy coated steel with a minimum coating mass of AZ150
to AS/NZS 1397-2002 steel sheet grade G300 on to flat concrete slab with
ENSS03 stainless steel clip, all in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendation and S.Os approval.

20. Ironmongery
20.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the Contractor shall supply and fix all
ironmongery as listed in the TABLE H7 attached hereinafter, complete with fixing
screws of the same material and finish.

20.2

Proper sockets shall be provided for all bolts to fix flush in floors, cills and door and
window frames. Each lock shall be provided with three keys and no locks shall have
identical keys, unless specifically required by the S.O.

20.3

All doors, windows, gates, joinery, et cetera, shall be provided with anti-rust heavy
duty ironmongery appropriate for its function, complete with fixing screws of the
same material and finish.

20.4

All doors shall be provided with door-stops, door-closers and other appropriate
ironmongery where applicable or as shown on the Drawings.

20.5

The submission of ironmongery set shall have been tested and certified by SIRIM
QA Services Sdn. Bhd. or approved equivalent.

21. Built-in Furniture

21.1

General
21.1.1

Built-in furniture shall be constructed and properly framed in wrot timber as

shown on the Drawings. Where fittings are not to be painted, unless
otherwise specified, they shall be stained and varnished as described
under SECTION O: PAINTING WORKS.

21.1.2

All interior furniture works shall be coordinated with mechanical and

electrical works and as approved by the S.O.

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SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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21.2

21.3

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21.1.3

All built-in furniture materials shall be protected wrapped in strong

waterproof paper or polythene/polyethylene (PE) sheeting to protect
against damp and scratching during transportation from the factory. The
wrapping shall not be removed until installation starts.

21.1.4

Built-in furniture materials shall be unloaded and handled in a manner

which will not result in damage, deformation or contamination to the built-in
furniture materials.

21.1.5

Built-in furniture materials and loose furniture delivered to the site shall be
properly stored by arranging them in stacks, keeping them properly
wrapped and stored under cover if they are not used or assembled
immediately.

Materials
21.2.1

All composite wood products, such as Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)

shall comply with MS 1429 and the use of Particleboards shall comply with
MS 1912.

21.2.2

The formaldehyde emission for all composite wood products and wood
based panels shall comply with MS 1787.

21.2.3

Laminates used in composite wood products shall comply with MS ISO

4586.

21.2.4

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings or Specification the resin used

in composite wood products shall be phenol-formaldehyde (PF), melamineurea-formaldehyde (MUF), melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde (MUPF),
polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate (PMDI) or polyurethane (PU).

21.2.5

Adhesive for wood and composite wood products shall be phenolformaldehyde resin adhesive classified as weather-proof and boil-proof, in
accordance with MS 908.

21.2.6

Thermoplastic fittings, such as handles and accessories, where applicable,

shall be polyamide (PA) or polypropylene (PP). Thermoplastics shall
comply with MS 2324.

21.2.7

Solid surface shall be non-porous, homogenous, stain and chemical

resistant, fire resistant and with a composition of acrylic polymer,
aluminium trihydrate filler and pigment.

21.2.8

Where timber species are used it shall be constructed and properly framed
in wrot timber as detailed in the Drawings.

Component Assemblies
21.3.1

Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, steel frames, where applicable,

shall be square and flat with mitred, welded corners.

21.3.2

Screws shall have countersunk heads which shall comply with MS ISO
1482.

21.3.3

Hinges shall have a spring mechanism to lock the door in a close or open
position, remain completely hidden behind the door and enable the door to
open to 120 degrees.

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SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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21.3.4

Drawer slides shall be epoxy powder coated metal, mounted from the
bottom and provided with friction bearing-mounted nylon rollers.

21.3.5

Unless otherwise specified, drawers shall have the soft-close and/or

positive-close functions, which are mechanisms enabling drawers to
quietly shut, or which fully shut after being only partially pushed. Drawers
can be lifted up and removed easily for cleaning purposes.

21.3.6

All drawers, unless otherwise specified, shall have extension and be

able to sustain up to 25 kg. Kitchen cabinet drawers shall have full
extension and be able to sustain up to 45 kg, which is suitable for large
pots, pans and/or woks.

21.3.7

Drawers for storing small kitchen cutlery shall have thermoplastic inserts
with subdivided compartments.

21.3.8

Drawer handles and cabinet pulls shall be ergonomic. Thermoplastic

handles and pulls shall recess into the door panels. Metal handles and
pulls that extrude shall either be epoxy powder coated and/or anodized
aluminium.

21.3.9

Solid surface worktops and countertops shall be 12 mm thick, 600 mm

deep with backsplash 100 mm high, with integral bowl, where applicable.
Actual dimension of solid surface worktops shall be measured at site. Upon
installation of the solid surface worktops, it shall be polished and set level
to S.Os approval.

21.3.10 Unless otherwise specified, worktops and countertops shall have a flat
edge finishing at the perimeter. Worktops and countertops shall be
provided with holes and cut-outs for plumbing components, where
applicable. All joints shall be inconspicuous and use the manufacturers
recommended adhesive and silicone sealant.
21.3.11 Built-in furniture sliding doors shall be fitted with guides or similar fittings,
rollers or ball bearings, pull handles, stops and locking mechanisms.
21.3.12 Cabinet doors with glass inserts and/or panels shall be constructed with
proper support to ensure that the glass remains securely fixed. Support
shall be bedded in mastic with all interstices completely filled.
21.3.13 Glass inserts and/or panels and glass shelves, where applicable, which
needs to be structurally strong shall be tempered glass. Tempered glass
shall comply with MS 1498.
21.3.14 Cupboards, wardrobes, cabinets and shelves shall have peg-holes on
either side internally, allowing for adjustable shelf height. Adjustable legs, if
applicable, shall be of a proprietary system type as approved by the S.O.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

:
:
:
:
:

JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
H/20

TABLE H1: SCHEDULE OF TIMBER GROUPING AND USAGE

No

Typical Usage

Species

Structural frames
1.1 All columns, stilts and beams

SG4

Bearer to water tank

SG5

Staircase and component elements

3.1 Stinger & treads/Riser
3.2 Trimmer beams
3.3 Balustrades, nosing and handrails

SG5
SG5
SG5

Flooring
4.1 Floor bearers, joists and strutting for joists
4.2 Floor boardings
4.3 Gymnasium floor boarding
4.4 Parquet flooring
4.5 Skirtings

SG5
SG5
SG4
SG5
SG5

Walling
5.1 Wall and partition framings
5.2 External wall boardings
5.3 Internal wall boardings

SG5
SG5
SG7

Roof structures
6.1 Roof trusses, rafters, purlins, wall plates and other roof members
6.2 Fascia boards

SG4
SG5

Ceiling frames
7.1 Ceiling joists and spacers
7.2 Cover battens to joints of ceiling sheets
7.3 Ceiling strips and soffit battens

SG5
SG7
SG7

Door and window frames

8.1 All doors, windows, vent frames, grounds, stops and architraves
8.1.1 External usage
8.1.2 Internal usage

SG5
SG7

Furniture fitting
9.1 Built-in fittings and furniture in general
9.1.1 Carcassing
9.1.2 Lining/Panelling
9.1.3 Top
9.2 Workshop furniture top

SG5
SG7
SG5
SG5

Beading fillets and edgings in general

SG5

10

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
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Tarikh
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:
:
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JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
H/21

TABLE H2: SCHEDULE OF TIMBER SPECIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH STRENGTH

GROUPING (S.G)
S.G 1
S.G 2
A) Naturally Durable

S.G 3

S.G 4

S.G 5

Balau

Belian

Bekak

Giam

Jati

Bitis

Mata Ulat

Delek

Malabera

Tembusu

Cengal

Kekatong

Keranji

Merbau

Penaga

S.G 6

S.G 7

Resak

B) Requiring Treatment
Dedaru
Kempas
Merbatu
Mertas

Agoho
Balau Merah
Kelat
Kembang
Semangkuk

Berangan
Dedali
Derum

Alan Bunga
Babai
Balik Angin Bopeng

Bayur
Damar Minyak
Durian

Ara
Batai
Geronggang

Kapur

Bintangor

Jelutung

Laran

Kulim

Kasai

Brazil Nut

Jenitri

Pelajau

Pauh Kijang

Keruntum

Gerutu

Jongkong

Pulai

Penyau

Mempening

Kundur

Kasah

Sesenduk

Perah

Kedondong

Macang

Terentang

Petaling

Meransi
Meranti
Bakau

Keledang

Ranggu

Merawan

Keruing

Ru

Merpauh

Ketapang

Medang
Melantai/
Kawang
Meranti Merah
Muda

Surian Batu

Nyalin

Kungkur

Meranti kuning

Tualang

Perupuk

Melunak

Mersawa

Punah

Mempisang

Sengkurat

Rengas

Mengkulang

Terap

Simpoh

Meranti Merah Tua

Meranti Putih
Nyatuh
Penarahan
Petai
Ramin
Kayu Getah
Sengkuang
Sepetir
Tetebu

Notes :
1. For naturally durable timbers, sapwood should be excluded. If sapwood is included, preservative treatment is
necessary.(Source: MS 360:1986)
2. For timber requiring treatment, they should be amenable to preservative treatment.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
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Tarikh
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:
:
:
:
:

JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
H/22

TABLE H3: SCHEDULE OF MOISTURE CONTENTS (M.C) OF TIMBER

FOR VARIOUS POSITIONS IN BUILDING
Application

Structural Components
Columns, beams, bearer,
studs, joists, ties and struts
Roofing

Rafters, ties, struts, purlins and

bracing

battens
Staircase

stringers, treads, trimmer beam

and handrail

balustrades
Flooring

floor boarding and parquetry

skirtings
Walling

wall, partition framing

external wall boardings

internal wall boardings

fascia boards
Ceiling Frames

cover battens to joints of ceiling

sheets

ceiling strips and soffit battens

Door & Window Frames

door, window and vent frames

including their stops and
grounds

door leaves, window and vent

sashes
Furniture

built in fittings, furniture

generally

workshop furniture

science laboratory tops

Beading fillets and edgings
generally

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Maximum M.C. At Time Of

Installation For Non AirConditioned Application
30%
(Thickness >100mm)
25%
(Thickness <100mm)

Maximum M.C. At Time Of

Installation For Airconditioned
Application
(Kiln-Dried Timber)
Not applicable
Not applicable

25%

Not applicable

25%

Not applicable

19%

12%

19%

12%

19%
19%

12%
12%

19%
19%
19%
19%

12%
Not applicable
12%
Not applicable

25%

Not applicable

19%

12%

19%

12%

19%

12%

19%

12%

19%
19%

12%
12%

19%

12%

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JKR MALAYSIA

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:
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:

JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
H/23

TABLE H4: NATURAL DURABILITY1 CLASSIFICATION OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

TIMBERS FOR GROUND CONTACT
Class 1
Very durable
(More than 10
years)
Chengal
Giam
Penyau
Resak
Tempinis

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Durable (5 to 10
years)

Moderately durable (2 to 5 years)

Not durable (Less than 2 years)

Balau
Bekak
Bitis
Kasai
4a
Kapur
6a
Nyatoh
Merbau
Mersawa
Merbau lalat
2
Delinsem
Malabera
5a,b
Medang
Penaga

Pelawan
Ranggu
Surian batu
Teak

Agoho
Balau, red
Bakau
Bungor
Derum
Dedali
Dedaru
Delek
Dungun
3
Acacia
Pauh kijang
4b
Kapur
Kelat
Kembang
semangkok
Kempas
Keranji
Gegatal
Kulim

Rengas
Sepetir
Tumu
Tualang
Telor buaya
Pelong
Kerukup
2
Brazil nut
Keruntum
8a,b,c
Keruing
9a,b
Keledang
Mata ulat
5c
Medang
7a,b,c,d,e
Meranti,
dark red
Mempening
Mengkulang
Meransi
Merbatu

Tembusu

Kungkur

Merawan

Leban
Nyalas
Pauh kijang
Petaling
Punah

Merbau kera
Meranti, white
Mertas
6b
Nyatoh
Nyireh
Nipis kulit

Pelajau

Nyatoh
Perapat
Perah
Perupok
Petai
Podo
Pulai
Putat
Ramin
Samak
Sena
Sawa luka
Sepul

Geronggang

Sesenduk

Gerutu
Gading
Gapis
Meranti bakau
Meranti, light
red
Jenitri
Jongkong
Kasah
Kekabu
Kawang
9c,d,e
Keledang
4c
Kapur
Kayu malam
Kedondong
Kungkur
Meranti, yellow

Sentang
Simpoh
Sempilor
Terentang

Laran
Lelayang
Lilin
2
Limpaga
Ludai
Merpauh

NOTE. For reference to source of data see Bibliography

5e

* The results were obtained from the graveyard test from the Forest
Research Institute Malaysia test site.

6b

All samples taken from heartwood area except for the timber
which their sapwood and heartwood cannot be differentiated.
Timber of the same species but from different regions in Malaysia
may have different durability classifications.
2

The timber is not Peninsular Malaysia origin.

Plantation timber, originally from other countries.
Dryobalanops aromatica
4b
Dryobalanops rappa
4c
Dryobalanops oblongifolia
5a
Alseodaphne insignis
5b
Dehaasia nigrescens
5c
Cinnamomum porrectum
5d
Litsea firma
3

4a

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

6c

Api-api
Ara
Berangan
Balek angin
Bintangor
Batai
Bayur
Damar minyak
Dungun paya
Durian
Engkabang
Jelutong
Gaham badak

Tapus
Terap
Tuai
Tulang daing
Ketapang
Rubberwood
3
Pine
3
Yemane
Coconut
Tengkurung
Penarahan
8d,e
Keruing
Meranti
tembaga
Machang
5d, e
Medang
Mempisang
Merbatu
Melantai
Minyak berok

Litsea megacarpa
Palaquium impressinervium
Palaquium maingayi
6c
Palaquium gutta
7a
Shorea uliginosa
7b
Shorea platyclados
7c
Shorea pauciflora
7d
Shorea singkawang
7e
Shorea curtisii
8a
Dipterocarpus sublamellatus
8b
Dipterocarpus crinitus
8c
Dipterocarpus verrucosus
8d
Dipterocarpus kerrii
8e
Dipterocarpus lowii
9a
Artocarpus interger
9b
Artocarpus lanceifolius
9c
Artocarpus dadah
9d
Artocarpus rigidus
9e
Artocarpus heterophyllus
6a

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JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
H/24

TABLE H5: NATURAL DURABILITY1 CLASSIFICATION OF SARAWAK TIMBERS

FOR GROUND CONTACT
Class 1
Very durable
(More than 10
years)
Belian
Penyau
Selangan batu2

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Durable (5 to
10 years)

Moderately durable (2 to 5
years)

Not durable (Less than 2

years)

Kapur bukit
Kapur
kelansau

Baru

Kapur paji

Acacia

Bindang

Bedaru

Kapur paya

Alan

Geronggang

Asam

Jadap

Bajan

Jelawai

Bayur

Jelutong

Bengang

Kayu cina

Benuah

Kayu malam

Binuang

Kelampayan

Kawi

Kandis

Luis

Kasai

Lun runcing

Leban

Mertama

Nyireh

Nyatoh
Rhu

Selangan
batu4a

Pelajau
Resak
membangun

Luis/Chengal
pasir
Medang luis
kasar
Mengkulang
Mersawa
kunyit
Petai belalang
Sempilor

Seladah

Bintangor

Selumar

Bintawak

Kembang
semangkok
Kepayang babi

Selunsur

Dungun

Keranji

Tapang

Durian

Keruing

Urat mata

Empenit

Ketiau

Entuyut

Kumpang

Litoh

Legai
Meranti, light
red
Yellow flame

4b, c

Medang
Menggris
Mersawa
paya
Minggi
Ngilas

Mergasing
Peran/bilat

5a, b

Meranti, yellow

Nyatoh

Segera

Pelai

Seladah6a, b

Perah

Sentang

Perupok

Simpoh Tampoi

Petai

Tekalong

Pitoh

Teruntum Ubah

Ramin
Resak
paya
Sawih

Upi

The results were obtained from the graveyard test from Oya Road, Sibu test site. All samples taken from
heartwood area except for the timber which their sapwood and heartwood cannot be differentiated.
Timber of the same species but from different regions in Malaysia may have different durability
classifications.

Shorea pulricostata
Palaquium rivulare
4a,b,
c Shorea flava, S. laecis, S. spp
5a,b
Dacryodes incurvata, Santira laevigata
6a,b
Palaquium pseudorostratum, Ganua motleyana
3

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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JKR 20800-0183-14
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29 Januari 2014
H/25

TABLE H6: PROPERTIES OF MALAYSIAN TIMBER

Heavy Hardwoods

No

Species

1
Balau
2
Merbau
3
Red Balau
Medium Hardwoods
1
Kelat
2
Kempas
3
Keruing
4
Mengkulang
5
Merpauh
Light Hardwoods
1
Bintagor
2
Dark Red Meranti

Air-dry
density
(kg/m3)
850-1155
515-1040
800-880

Strength

Tangential
Movement

Very strong
Strong
Strong

2.1 2.5%
2.1 2.5%
2.1 2.5%

Strong
Very strong
Strong

495-1010
770-1120
690-945

Strong
Strong

2.1 2.5%
> 3.1%
2.6 3.0%
3.1%
2.1 2.5%
1.5 2.0%

Moderately strong
Moderately strong

1.5 2.0%
< 1.5%

495-865
560-865

625-895
640-880

1.5 2.0%
3
4
5

Gerutu
Mersawa
Yellow Meranti

Moderately strong
Moderately strong
Moderately strong

2.6 3.0%
2.1 2.5%
1.5 2.0%

575-880
515-735
575-735

( Source: Choo KT, Gan KS & Lim SC, Movement of Seasoned Timber in Service, FRIM
Technical Information Handbook No 18 )

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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:
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JKR 20800-0183-14
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29 Januari 2014
H/26

TABLE H7: SCHEDULE OF IRONMONGERY

Type of Doors, Windows etc.
1. Single Leaf Door
1.1.Plywood Flush Door

1.2.Timber Panelled Door

2. Double Leaf Door

2.1.Plywood Flush Door

2.1.Timber Panelled Door

3. PVC Door To
/Bathroom Cubicles

Toilet

4. Single Leaf Fire Rated

Door
4.1.Standard size of 800
mm x 2100 mm hr &
1 hr fire rated door
(Metal Frame & Timber
Door)

Ironmongery for each type of doors, windows etc.

a) 3 Nos. of 102 mm x 76 mm x 2 mm galvanised steel hinges with nylon rings.
b) 1 No. upright 3 lever mortice lockset with satin chrome lever handle furniture of
approved manufacture with 2 Nos. chrome plated keys of different serial
number for each building.
c) 1 No. stainless steel door stopper.
a) 3 Nos. of 102 mm x 76 mm x 2 mm stainless steel hinges with nylon ring.
b) 1 No. medium duty cylindrical lockset, 5 pin tumbler with knob and rose of
stainless steel with hairline finish complete with 3 Nos. nickle-plated brass keys
of different serial number for each building.
c) 1 No. stainless steel door stopper.
a) 6 Nos. 102 mm x 76 mm x 2 mm stainless steel hinges with nylon rings.
b) 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body with single key
thumb turn cylinder.
c) 1 No. solid brass mortice lock rebated part.
d) 1 Set of 150 mm and 300 mm Flush Bolt Lever Type Stainless Steel.
e) 1 No. dust socket medium.
f) 2 Nos. stainless steel door stopper.
a) 6 Nos. 102mmx76mmx2mm stainless steel hinges with nylon rings.
b) 1 No. cylindrical lock stainless steel, 5 pin tumbler with knob and rose of
stainless steel with 3 nos nickle-plated brass keys
c) 1 No. solid brass mortice lock rebated part.
d) 1 Set of 150mm and 300mm Flush Bolt Lever Type Stainless Steel.
e) 1 No. dust socket medium.
f) 2 Nos. stainless steel door stopper.
a) 3 Nos. 102 mm x 76 mm x 2 mm stainless steel hinges with nylon rings.
b) i) Residential Quarters - 1 No. stainless steel cylindrical lock with privacy
locking device operated by turn from inside and knob handle.
ii) Non-residential buildings - 1 No. stainless steel indicator bolt toilet.
c) 1 No. hat & coat hook stainless steel.

a) 3 Nos. 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm heavy duty stainless steel hinges.

b) 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body with single key
thumb turn cylinder approved by DGFR.
c) 1 No. stainless steel door stopper.
d) 1 No. door closer.
e) 1 No. floor spring for double swing door.

4.2.Standard size of 900

mm x 2100 mm hr &
1 hr fire rated door
(Metal Frame & Timber
Door)

a) 3 Nos. 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm heavy duty stainless steel hinges.

b) 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body with single key
thumb turn cylinder approved by DGFR.
c) 1 No. stainless steel door stopper.
d) 1 No. door closer.
e) 1 No. floor spring for double swing door.

4.3.Standard size of 900

mm x 2100 mm 2 hr fire
rated
door
(Metal
Frame & Timber Door)

a) 4 Nos. 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm heavy duty stainless steel hinges.

b) 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body with single key
thumb turn cylinder approved by DGFR.
c) 1 No. stainless steel door stopper.
d) 1 No. door closer.
e) 1 No. floor spring for double swing door.
f) 2 Nos. of ball bearings.
g) 1 No. of heavy duty stainless steel latch with 75 mm long backset.

5. Double Leaf Fire Rated

Door
5.1.Standard size of 1200
mm x 2100 mm

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

a) 4 Nos. 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm heavy duty stainless steel hinges.

b) 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body with single key
thumb turn cylinder approved by DGFR.
c) 1 No. solid brass mortice lock rebated part.
d) 1 Set of 150 mm and 300 mm Flush Bolt Lever Type Stainless Steel.
e) 1 No. dust socket medium.
f) 2 Nos. stainless steel door stopper.
g) 2 Nos. automatic door closer of hydraulically spring operated type (for swing
doors) or of wire rope and weight type (for sliding doors).
h) 2 Nos. floor spring for double swing door.

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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JKR MALAYSIA

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H/27

Type of Doors, Windows etc.

5.2.Standard size of 1800
mm x 2100 mm

Ironmongery for each type of doors, windows etc.

a) 6 Nos. 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm heavy duty stainless steel hinges.
b) 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body with single key
thumb turn cylinder approved by DGFR.
c) 1 No. solid brass mortice lock rebated part.
d) 1 Set of 150 mm and 300 mm Flush Bolt Lever Type Stainless Steel.
e) 1 No. dust socket medium.
f) 2 Nos. stainless steel door stopper.
g) 2 Nos. automatic door closer of hydraulically spring operated type (for swing
doors) or of wire rope and weight type (for sliding doors).
h) 2 Nos. floor spring for double swing door.

5.3.Standard size of 2400

mm x 2100 mm

a) 8 Nos. 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm heavy duty stainless steel hinges.

b 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body with single key
thumb turn cylinder approved by DGFR.
c) 1 No. solid brass mortice lock rebated part.
d) 1 Set of 150 mm and 300 mm Flush Bolt Lever Type Stainless Steel.
e) 1 No. dust socket medium.
f) 2 Nos. stainless steel door stopper.
g) 2 Nos. automatic door closer of hydraulically spring operated type (for swing
doors) or of wire rope and weight type (for sliding doors).
h) 2 Nos. floor spring for double swing door.

6. Single Leaf Fire

Door

Escape

a) 3 Nos. of 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm thick heavy duty stainless steel hinges.

b) 1 complete set of approved make fire rated panic bolts.

7. Double Leaf Fire Escape

Door

a) 6 Nos. of 127 mm x 89 mm x 2.5 mm thick heavy duty stainless steel butt

hinges.
b) 1 complete set of approved make fire rated panic bolts.

8. Glass Door

a) 1 Set Floor Spring.

b) 1 Set Patch Fitting, door bottom, door top, lock clamp, over panel.
c) 1 pair Pull handle 600 mm.

9. Aluminium Door

a) 3 Nos. 102 mm x 76 mm x 2 mm stainless steel hinges with nylon rings.

b) 1 Set Hollow Lever Handle Stainless Steel Mortice Lock Body deadlock with
single key thumb turn cylinder.

10. Kitchen Cabinet

Workbench

Door/

a)
b)
c)
d)

Galvanised steel continuous piano butt hinges.

1 No. 100 mm aluminium D handle.
1 No. bales catch.
1 No. galvanised steel cupboard lock in satin chrome finish.

11. Wardrobe

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

3 Nos. of 75 mm brass butt hinges (per door leaf).

2 Nos.100 mm anodised aluminium barrel bolt (for double leaf doors)
1 No. 100 mm aluminium D handle.
Chromium plated steel clothes hanger rail.
Steel cylinder cupboard lock in satin chrome finish.

12. Drawer

a) 1 No. steel cylinder drawer lock in satin chrome finish.

b) 1 No.100 mm aluminium D handle.

13. Sliding and Folding Door/

Partition

a) Top or bottom running set sliding and folding door gear, complete with tracks,
channel, brackets, roller guides, hangers and all necessary butt hinges, flush
bolts and flush door pulls, etc. as recommended by the manufacturer.
b) 1 No. upright 3 lever rebated mortice lockset for sliding and folding door with
satin chrome lever handle furniture with 2 Nos. keys of different serial number
for each building.

14. Straight Sliding Door

a) Top or bottom running set straight sliding door gear complete with tracks,
brackets, hangers, roller guides, channels, door stops, flush brass bolts, brass
flush pull etc. as recommended by the manufacturer.
b) 1 No. upright 3 lever mortice lockset with satin chrome finish for straight sliding
door with 2 Nos. keys of different serial number for each building.

15. Timber Casement

Window

a) 2 Nos. 400 mm long approved electro-galvanised steel friction hinges.

b) 1 No. approved brass with satin chrome finish combination handle and fastener.

16. Top Hung Casement

Timber Window.

a) 2 Nos. 750 mm long approved electro-galvanised steel friction hinges.

b) 1 No. approved brass with satin chrome finish automatic locking fastener.

17. Top Hung Vent/Sashes

a) 2 Nos. 400 mm long approved electro-galvanised steel friction hinges.

b) 1 No. approved brass with satin chrome finish automatic locking fastener

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
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JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
H/28

TABLE H8: TIMBER SPECIES FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF

GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER COMPONENTS
Standard names

Strength class

Mengkulang

D40

Merbau
Keruing

D50

Kapur
Kempas

D60

Balau

D70

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

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JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
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JKR 20800-0183-14
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APPENDIX H/1

GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER PERFORMANCE WARRANTY (SPECIMEN)

1.0 Coverage of Performance Warranty
We .... the glued laminated timber Manufacturer hereby
warrant that for a period of ten (10) years from the date of Practical Completion, the glued laminated
timber system shall not be affected by the following defect:
a) Debonding
This condition occurs when the individual laminations of a glued laminated timber member
become separated.

2.0 Procedure for Claims

i)

Any defect claims shall be made in writing and delivered by post or by hand to the
Manufacturer.

ii)

A technical team from the Manufacturer will be dispatched to evaluate the nature of the claim.
Should our findings conclude the defects as within the scope of warranty, then the Manufacturer
shall make good such defects.

iii)

Should the Manufacturers technical team conclude that the defects falls outside the scope of
the warranty, the Manufacturer shall not be held responsible for the claim.

iv)

Should the Government disagree with the conclusion of the technical team pertaining to the
defects in particular, then an independent third party competent in such technical evaluation
shall be appointed to investigate the disputed defects.

v)

The appointment of independent third party competent in such technical evaluation shall only be
appointed upon the mutual agreement between the Government and the Manufacturer.

vi)

The findings of the third party shall be conclusive and mutually accepted by the Government
and the Manufacturer.

vii)

If the findings of the independent third party are within the coverage of this performance
warranty, all cost shall be borne by the Manufacturer or otherwise such cost shall be borne by
the Contractor.

viii)

All claims for the defects must be received by the Manufacturer not later than fourteen (14) days
from the expiry of the warranty period.

MANUFACTURER

..
Company Stamp

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..
Signature
Name:
Date:

WITNESS

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Company Stamp

..

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Signature
Name:
Date:

SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY

AND IRONMONGERY WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: CEILING WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

General
Submittals
Setting Out
Acoustic Requirements
Materials And Ceiling Components
Ceiling Suspension System

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SECTION I : CEILING WORKS

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1. General
1.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, all ceilings shall be Mineral
Fiber Boards or as approved by the S.O. with class O fire rating and all ceiling
installation shall comply with the classification of fire spread as stipulated in the 8th
Schedule Uniform Building By-Law 1984.

1.2

All ceilings shall be provided with service access to the ceiling void for maintenance
of services above the ceiling space in accordance to the Drawings and approval of
the S.O.

1.3

All sprinkler heads (drops) shall have 12.5 mm diameter oversize ring, sleeve or
adaptor through the ceiling tile to allow for free movement of the sprinkler pipes. It
shall also comply with the local fire regulations and to the S.Os approval.

1.4

The Contractor shall not commence the ceiling installation works until the building is
effectively weather-tight and the work area of wet trades has been completed and
dried.

2. Submittals
2.1

Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor shall submit shop drawings and design
calculations for the complete proprietary ceiling system showing compliance to all
specifications including the method of installation of the ceiling board/panels,
hangers, fittings and all accessories duly certified by a P.E. registered with the
Board of Engineers Malaysia.

2.2

The Contractor shall also submit floor plans showing the proposed location of the
anchors prior to the casting of the floor slab for the approval of the S.O. The plans
shall be endorsed by the P.E.

2.3

No installation of ceiling works shall commence until approval is given in writing by

the S.O.

3. Setting Out
3.1

The ceiling layout shall be planned prior to installation to determine the grid
configuration, direction et cetera to ensure that all fixings points are compatible with
the structural members or other services, or both.

3.2

Mechanical and electrical services shall be completed before installation of the

suspension systems. Down-lights or other services shall not rely on the ceiling panel
for support. Suspension hangers may be installed before or during installation of
services with the approval of the S.O.

3.3

The shop drawings used for the ceiling installation shall contain sufficient
information to allow the installer to set out the ceiling grid. The finished height of the
ceiling shall be shown clearly on the drawings.

3.4

Sufficient information should be clearly indicated on the drawings to enable the

ceiling module and setting out points in each ceiling area applicable to all relevant
trades to be established early. All trades shall work to the same setting out points
and data.

3.5

The ceiling height in each area shall be marked in relation to the elevation
benchmarks and then transferred by means of a water level, rotating laser or other

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approved devices. Setting out lines should be in both directions and squared
accurately at the outset.

4. Acoustic Requirements
4.1

Acoustic requirements specified or shown on the Drawings, such as sound

absorption, sound insulation and impact sound insulation shall be tested in
accordance with BS EN 13964, BS EN ISO 140 or other acceptable standards.

4.2

A full test report shall be submitted to the S.O as proof of compliance. It shall relate
to the entire specified system. Any variations shall be endorsed by the test
laboratory or field testing. Test reports, comments and the testing authority shall be
stated in the manufacturers trade literature or be made available upon request or
both.

5. Materials And Ceiling Components

5.1

Zinc-Coated And Aluminium/Zinc Coated Steel

Zinc-coated and aluminum/zinc-coated steel used for the construction of suspended
ceiling components shall comply with MS 1196 or other equivalent Standards. The
Contractor shall provide proof of compliance to the approval of the S.O. Where
sections have been cut from zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated sheets, the cut
edges shall be treated with protective anti-rust paint to prevent corrosion. All prepainted finish for ceilings shall be as specified under SECTION G: ROOFING
WORKS.

5.2

Linear Strip Ceiling

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, linear strip ceiling shall be
aluminium pre-painted anodized comprising of 150mm width x 12.5mm deep x
0.6mm thick panel fixed in accordance to manufacturers recommendation and to
S.Os approval.

5.3

5.4

Plasterboard
5.3.1

All plasterboards dimensions, its tolerances and flexural breaking load shall
comply with BS EN 520. The board shall carry class 'O' approval from
DGFR.

5.3.2

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings the size for plasterboard ceiling
shall be 600 mm x 1200 mm x 9 mm thick minimum and shall be suspended
from the soffit with adjustable hanger rods in accordance to manufacturers
recommendation and S.Os approval.

Plasterboard With Improved Core Adhesion At High Temperature (Type F)

The type of board and test requirements shall be in accordance with BS EN 520,
and to the approval of the S.O. The board shall carry Class 'O' approval from
DGFR.

5.5

Plasterboard With Reduced Water Absorption (Type H)

The types of moisture resistance board to receive paint finish shall be in accordance
with BS EN 520 and to the approval of the S.O. The board shall carry Class 'O'
approval from DGFR.

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5.6

5.7

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Mineral Fibre Boards

5.6.1

Unless otherwise specified, the board size shall be 600 mm x 1200 mm x

15 mm thick square edges. The board shall carry Class 'O' approval from
the DGFR and the minimum sag resistance shall be of RH 99.

5.6.2

Surface coating of the board shall be applied with vinyl latex paint in white
colour at factory and the surface design of the board shall be to S.O.s
approval.

Fibre Cement Ceiling Panel

Fibre cement ceiling panel shall be asbestos free and shall be an autoclaved
cellulose fibre cement flat board. The basic composition consists of cement, refined
sand and cellulose fiber. The material shall be classified as Class O and shall be
Fire- Listed under SIRIM QAS Fire Listing Scheme.

5.8

Acoustic Glass Wool Ceiling Panel

Acoustic glass wool ceiling panel shall be lightweight fibre glass wool material with
high acoustical sound absorption of NRC: 0.90-1.00 (ASTMC 423). Unless
otherwise specified the size of the panel shall be 600 mm x 1200 mm x 20 mm
thick, square edge fixed to aluminium tee exposed grid systems, suspended from
the soffit with adjustable hanger rods in accordance to manufacturers
recommendation and S.Os approval.

5.9

Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GRG)

5.9.1

GRG Boards are manufactured by glass fibre reinforced gypsum and

comprise of non-combustible high grade gypsum casting plaster with glass
fibre membranes. Unless otherwise specified shall be in sizes of 1200 mm
X 900 mm x 9 mm thick. The board shall conform to the following:
Fire performance : GRG Boards are rated non-combustible as defined in
BS 476: Part 4.
Dry Density
: Approx. 1660 kg/m

5.9.2
5.10

GRG boards shall be installed in accordance to the manufacturers

recommendation and to S.Os approval.

Cornice
5.10.1 Unless otherwise specified, cornice shall be provided of the same ceiling
material for all plaster ceiling materials.
5.10.2 Cornice shall be fixed to the walls and ceiling using proprietary adhesive or
as recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the S.O.
5.10.3 Large cornices shall be fixed using screws together with cornice adhesive
as recommended by the cornice manufacturer and to SOs approval.
5.10.4 Cornice should be carried and handled carefully to avoid cracking the core
or wrinkling the paper liner. Where possible, the contractor shall use full
lengths of cornice and mitre all joints.
5.10.5 The Contractor shall ensure accurate and level placement by marking
ceilings and walls with a line at the cornice edge.

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5.10.6 Cornice with shorter length shall be installed first followed by the longer
lengths by bowing out to spring mitres fit into place.
5.11

Reinforcing/Jointing Tape
The tape shall not be less than 50 mm wide perforated paper tape in accordance
with ASTM C475 from an approved manufacturer, and to the approval of the S.O.

5.12

Jointing Compound
Jointing compound shall be pre-mixed multi-purpose gypsum based air drying type
compound, in accordance with BS EN 13963 and to the approval of the S.O.

5.13

Sealants
Fire sealant for plasterboard with improved core adhesion at high temperature
(Type F) and wet area sealant for plasterboard with reduced water absorption (Type
H) shall be in accordance with BS 8212 and to the approval of the S.O. The
appropriate type of sealant shall be used for the required type of plasterboard.
Elastomeric sealants can be used at the perimeter of the dry lining or partitioning to
provide an airtight construction and to the approval of the S.O.

5.14

Control Joint
Unless otherwise specified, control joints shall be provided in a long continuous runs
of ceiling, spaced at not more than 9 m centers maximum and recommended by the
manufacturer and to the approval of the S.O.

5.15

Anchors And Fasteners

5.15.1 Anchors to be used throughout the work shall be of Grade 4.6 black
hexagon bolt and nut as specified in BS 4190: ISO Metric Black Hexagon
Bolts, Screws and Nuts.
5.15.2 Where proprietary anchor is allowed to be proposed as alternative, the
Contractor shall submit the details of the proposed anchor to the S.O for
approval.
5.15.3 Notwithstanding the above, the alternative anchor proposed shall be made
of carbon steel galvanized to minimum thickness of 5 m or stainless steel
in accordance to European Technical Approval Guideline ETAG 001 Metal
Anchors for Use in Concrete.
5.15.4 The size of the alternative anchor shall not be less than 6 mm diameter
(M6) with effective anchorage depth of not less than 26 mm measured from
the soffit of the floor slab. The hole for the anchor shall be drilled using drill
bit of nominal diameter 6 mm. The design resistance in all load directions
shall not be more than 1.10 kN.
5.15.5 Shot-fired alternative anchors shall not be allowed. Shot-fired hybrid-pin
alternative anchors shall not be used to install the suspended ceiling
hangers to the concrete soffit.
5.15.6 Fasteners shall have a corrosion-resistant finish and be appropriate for
intended use, in accordance with BS EN 14566. The heads of fasteners
shall be shaped so that they can be driven slightly below the surface of the
plasterboard without punching through the paper liner.

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6. Ceiling Suspension System

6.1

General
The Contractor shall provide 12 mm diameter Grade 4.6 black hexagon bolt and nut
as specified in BS 4190: ISO Metric Black Hexagon Bolts, Screws and Nuts as
anchors. The anchors shall be installed in the concrete slab during the casting of the
floor at depth of not less than 75 mm measured from the soffit of the floor or as
otherwise specified in the drawing.

6.2

6.3

Timber Fixed System

6.2.1

All timber materials used shall be treated and as specified under SECTION
H: Timber, Joinery & Ironmongery Works. Ceiling boards shall be fixed to
the frames with butt V joint using nails or screws as recommended by the
ceiling manufacturer and to S.Os approval.

6.2.2

All external ceiling shall be painted with weather resistant paint as

specified under SECTION O: PAINTING WORKS.

Grid Ceiling Suspension System

6.3.1

6.3.2

Vertical suspension members

6.3.1.1

Ceiling hangers shall be galvanized mild steel suspension rods

of minimum 4 mm diameter consisting of 2 pieces held together
by a rod joiner (adjustable type galvanized suspension clips).

6.3.1.2

One end of the hanger shall be attached to a pre-drilled

galvanized mild steel z-shaped soffit cleat 25 mm x 50 mm x 25
mm with minimum base metal thickness of 2 mm. The mild
steel soffit cleat shall be fixed to the black hexagon anchor. The
other end of the hanger shall be secured using proprietary
locking clips to the primary T-section. The T-sections shall be
fixed accordingly to the required ceiling level by adjusting the
length of the ceiling hanger through the rod joiner.

6.3.1.3

Where black hexagon anchors cast in the soffit of the floor slab
are not provided, pre-drilled galvanized mild steel z-shaped
soffit cleat 25 mm x 50 mm x 25 mm with minimum base metal
thickness of 2 mm shall be provided. The mild steel soffit cleat
shall be fixed by drilling and inserting M6 x 30 mm zinc plated
proprietary alternative anchor to the structural soffit at a
distance 200 mm away from the wall and then spaced equal to
or not more than 1200 mm centre to centre (c/c) to form the grid
of the ceiling hanger.

6.3.1.4

One end of the ceiling hanger shall be connected by bolt and

nut to the pre-drilled soffit cleat and the other end of the hanger
shall be secured to the primary T-section using proprietary
locking clips.

Horizontal suspension members

Perimeter wall angles shall be securely fixed to the adjacent perimeter walls
using appropriate fixings forming part of the grid ceiling system as
recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the S.O.

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Concealed Ceiling Suspension System (Soffit-ceiling Distance < 1800 mm)

Where shown on the Drawings or when the distance between the concrete soffit
and the suspended ceiling board is less than 1800 mm in vertical height, the
concealed ceiling suspension system shall be as follows:
6.4.1

6.4.2

Vertical suspension members

6.4.1.1

Ceiling hangers shall be galvanized mild steel 25 mm x 25 mm

angle section with 0.5 mm base metal thickness or galvanized
mild steel suspension rods of minimum 4 mm diameter.

6.4.1.2

One end of the hanger shall be attached to a pre-drilled

galvanized mild steel z-shaped soffit cleat 25 mm x 50 mm x 25
mm with minimum base metal thickness of 2 mm. The mild
steel soffit cleat shall be fixed to the black hexagon anchor. The
other end of the hanger shall be secured using proprietary
locking clips or suspension brackets to the primary channel.

6.4.1.3

Where black hexagon anchors cast in the soffit of the floor slab
are not provided, pre-drilled galvanized mild steel z-shaped
soffit cleat 25 mm x 50 mm x 25 mm with minimum base metal
thickness of 2 mm shall be provided. The mild steel soffit cleat
shall be fixed by drilling and inserting M6 x 30 mm zinc plated
proprietary alternative anchor to the structural soffit at a
distance 100 mm away from the wall and then spaced equal to
or not more than 1000 mm c/c to form the grid of the ceiling
hanger.

6.4.1.4

One end of the ceiling hanger shall be connected by bolt and

nut to the pre-drilled soffit cleat and the other end of the hanger
shall be secured using proprietary locking clips or suspension
brackets to the primary channel.

Horizontal suspension members

6.4.2.1

Primary rigidized channel shall be 34 mm x 12 mm x 0.4 BMT

at a distance of 100 mm away from the wall and spaced equal
to or not more than 1000 mm c/c. and secured to the rigidized
galvanized steel ceiling hangers using wafer head drywall
screw M4.2 x13 mm length as recommended by the
manufacturer and to the approval of the S.O.

6.4.2.2

Secondary rigidized galvanized steel channel 34 mm x 12 mm x

0.4 BMT shall be secured using proprietary locking clips or
suspension brackets to the primary channel.

6.4.2.3

The primary and secondary channels shall be connected using

galvanized proprietary locking clips or suspension brackets with
minimum thickness of 0.8 mm and screwed as recommended
by the manufacturer.

6.4.2.4

Unless otherwise specified, a single layer 9 mm thick

plasterboard ceiling shall be screwed fixed at maximum
distance of 200 mm c/c to the secondary channel as
recommended by the manufacturer.

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SECTION I : CEILING WORKS

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Concealed Ceiling Suspension System (Floor-ceiling Distance > 1800 mm)

Where shown on the Drawings or when the distance between the concrete soffit
and the suspended ceiling board exceeds 1800 mm in vertical height, the concealed
ceiling suspension system shall be as follows:
6.5.1

6.5.2

6.6

Vertical suspension members

6.5.1.1

Ceiling hangers shall be galvanized mild steel suspension rods

of not less than 4 mm diameter.

6.5.1.2

One end of the hanger shall be attached to a pre-drilled

galvanized mild steel z-shaped soffit cleat 25 mm x 50 mm x 25
mm with minimum base metal thickness of 2 mm. The mild
steel soffit cleat shall be fixed to the black hexagon anchor. The
other end of the hanger shall be secured using proprietary
locking clips or suspension brackets to the primary channel.

6.5.1.3

Where black hexagon anchors cast in the soffit of the floor slab
are not provided, pre-drilled galvanized mild steel z-shaped iron
soffit cleat 25 mm x 50 mm x 25 mm with minimum base metal
thickness of 2 mm shall be provided. The mild steel soffit cleat
shall be fixed by drilling and inserting M6 x 30 mm zinc plated
proprietary alternative anchor to the structural soffit at a
distance 200 mm away from the wall and then spaced equal to
or not more than 1000 mm c/c to form the grid of the ceiling
hanger.

6.5.1.4

One end of the ceiling hanger shall be connected by bolt and

nut to the pre-drilled soffit cleat and the other end of the hanger
shall be secured using proprietary locking clips or suspension
brackets to the primary channel.

Horizontal suspension members

6.5.2.1

Primary channel shall be 38 mm x 12 mm placed at a distance

of 100 mm away from the wall and spaced equal to or not more
than 1000 mm c/c. The primary channel shall have the
characteristic strength of at least 250 N/mm.

6.5.2.2

The dimension of the secondary channel shall be at not less

than 48 mm x 20 mm place at 400 mm c/c and shall have the
characteristic strength of at least 250 N/mm.

6.5.2.3

The primary and secondary channel shall be connected using

galvanized proprietary locking clip with minimum thickness of
0.8mm and screw as recommended by the manufacturer.

6.5.2.4

Unless otherwise specified, a single layer 9 mm thick minimum

plasterboard shall be screwed at maximum 200 mm c/c to the
secondary channel as recommended by the manufacturer.

Performance And Installation Requirements

6.6.1

Suspended ceiling systems are not designed for and shall not be regarded
as structural elements. Electrical wiring systems, including cable trays,
conduits, junction boxes, lighting fixtures, air-conditioning ducts, air diffusers
and other appurtenances shall not be placed directly on the ceiling and shall
be independently supported.

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6.7

6.8

6.9

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6.6.2

Suspended ceilings shall be designed to ensure that detrimental levels of

water and condensation are not formed within or on the surfaces of the
ceiling and related components and the ceilings shall be designed
according to Class C conditions of BS EN 13964.

6.6.3

Other steel components of the substructure such as supporting member,

perimeter trim, et cetera shall have a characteristic strength of at least 250
N/mm and their tolerances shall comply with BS EN 13964. No bends or
notches or drilling or other alterations from its original state are allowed on
steel components unless allowed by the manufacturer.

6.6.4

Where not specified, tolerances for the ceiling shall comply with BS EN
13964. The maximum deflection between two suspension points shall not
exceed L/500 where L is the suspension distance between the two points.

6.6.5

The top fixing of all suspension components shall be made to the primary
structural framing element, unless specifically designed otherwise. The
contractor shall ensure the fixings are of a corrosion-resistant material
suitable for the intended application, and fixings shall be compatible with the
material of the structure to which they are to be fitted.

Structural Steel Fixing

6.7.1

Self-drilling screws are not allowed for structural steel, unless specifically
designed otherwise. These screws shall not be placed in tension unless
specifically designed for that purpose.

6.7.2

Penetrations made into the structural steel by drilling shall be duly approved
by the S.O.

6.7.3

Clips shall be installed strictly in accordance with the manufacturers

recommendations.

Cold Formed Truss/Timber Truss Fixing

6.8.1

Fixings to cold formed trusses shall be made of steel plate straps. Selfdrilling screws are not allowed unless specifically designed otherwise. For
the case of proprietary truss systems, the Contractor shall obtain written
approval from the S.P. and the S.O.

6.8.2

Fixings to timber joists shall be made into the side of the timber, with five
times the diameter of the fastener clear edge distances.

Glued Laminated Timber Fixing

Top fixing to glued laminated timber members shall only be allowed with the
approval of a P.E. The glued laminated timber shall be fabricated as specified under
SECTION H: TIMBER, JOINERY AND IRONMONGERY WORKS.

6.10

Concrete Fixing
6.10.1 No fasteners, either shot-fired or drilled into are allowed to be installed
directly to a flat roof slab. Separate structural framing element shall be
specifically designed, and approved by the S.O.
6.10.2 Fixing to aerated/lightweight concrete shall only be made in accordance
with the manufacturers recommendations.

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6.11

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Purlin Fixing
6.11.1 Fixings shall be made of steel plate straps. No connections requiring
drillings to the web/lip of the purlins are allowed, unless specifically
designed otherwise.
6.11.2 Where flange connections are necessary, they should be made as close as
possible to the web of the purlin, and design calculations shall be provided
to ensure the structural capacity of the purlin is not compromised.
6.11.3 Fixings shall be selected and installed in accordance
manufacturers specification and approved by the S.O.

with

the

6.12

All concrete expansion bolts shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations taking due care to maintain minimum edge distances, spacing
and embedment depth.

6.13

Ceiling hangers shall be installed in accordance to the ceiling system

manufacturers recommendation. Bends as means of leveling the ceiling or to avoid
plenum services, shall not be made in the ceiling hangers. Where ceiling hangers
cannot be secured at the specified spacing, secondary members shall be installed
to manufacturers recommendation.

6.14

In areas where the suspended ceiling is adjacent to rooms or areas with twenty four
(24) hours air-conditioning and the concrete soffits are applied with PU foam, the
ceiling suspension hanger shall be secured to the concrete soffit using M6 x 30 mm
A4 stainless steel (DIN17440) anchor bolts as specified or shown on the Drawings.

6.15

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, plasterboard partitions shall be fixed to

the primary framing members of the ceiling suspension system in accordance with
of BS 8212.

6.16

Testing And Inspection

6.16.1 The Contractor shall carry out in-situ Pull-out Test for the anchors. The
sampling rate shall be 5 samples for every 200 number of anchors installed.
A load deflection curve shall be drawn for each sample and the maximum
load tested shall not be less than twice the design load. Upon releasing the
load the residual deflection shall not exceed 1 percent of total deflection.
However, the design load shall not be taken as less than 0.5 kN and the
point of testing shall be to the S.O.s approval.
6.16.2 The Contractor shall inform the S.O. in writing to request for inspection and
approval prior to closing up of the ceiling suspension system with ceiling
panels.

6.17

Warranty
6.17.1 When a proprietary ceiling system is used, the Contractor shall submit to
the S.O. a warranty from the manufacturer with the following provisions :
(i)
(ii)

The products used are genuine and free from manufacturing defects;
The ceiling system is installed in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendation, guidance and specifications that will deliver the
specified level of performance;
(iii) The warranty certificate shall cover a period of ten (10) years from the
date of Certificate of Practical Completion against any defect or failure
due to the installation and workmanship by the manufacturers
registered panel installer.
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SECTION I : CEILING WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION J: STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METAL WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

General
Hot Rolled Structural Steelworks
Prefabricated Cold Formed Steel Roof Trusses
Metal Frames For Doors And Windows
Collapsible Gates, Roller Shutters And Et Cetera
Sundries

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SECTION J : STRUCTURAL STEEL

AND METAL WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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1. General
This section provides the generally applicable requirements for steel and metal for the
construction of structures, building components and related works. All materials shall
conform to the relevant Malaysian or British or European Standards.

2. Hot Rolled Structural Steelworks

2.1

2.2

All hot rolled structural steelwork design, materials, drawings, workmanship,

protective treatment, fire protection and quality assurance shall be in accordance
with the Specification for Structural Steelworks No. JKR 20601-0191-12 or the latest
edition published by JKR.
Quality Assurance
The Contractor shall submit a Quality Assurance programme as specified in the
Specification for Structural Steelworks as in sub-section 2.1.

2.3

Drawings
2.3.1

The Contractor shall prepare Drawings with details in accordance with MS

EN 1993 or other relevant standards. The Drawings shall be certified by a
Professional Engineer. He shall also prepare Drawings and arrangements
of temporary steelworks for the different stages of construction in
compliance with the requirements specified in the Specification for
Structural Steelworks as in sub-section 2.1.

2.3.2

The Drawings to be submitted are as follows:

(i) Fabrication drawings;
(ii) Erection drawings;
(iii) As-built drawings.

2.4

Records
2.4.1

The Contractor shall submit to the S.O., document and records which shall
include but not limited to:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)

3.

Document register;
Drawings and design calculations and documentation registers;
Certificates for materials and consumables;
Calibration of equipment;
Weld procedures, concessions et cetera;
Inspection and test reports;
Delivery schedules and method statements;
Surveys and final inspection results;
Completion of erection and hand over certification.

Prefabricated Cold Formed Steel Roof Trusses

3.1

All prefabricated components shall be manufactured only by reputable licensed

truss suppliers and approved by the S.O. This supplier duly termed as System
Provider is responsible for the analysis, design, detailing, drawing, manufacture,
material, handling and erection of the roof members, and their ancillary fixing
components. The full requirement is outlined in the Specification for Prefabricated
Cold Formed Steel Roof Trusses (JKR 20601-0186-11) or the latest edition
published by JKR.

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SECTION J : STRUCTURAL STEEL

AND METAL WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

3.2

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System Provider
The System Provider (S.P) is a supplier of a proprietary roof truss system appointed
by the Contractor and approved by the S.O, which employs Quality Assurance
procedures in the design, detailing, connection, bracing, erection criteria and
manufacture of truss components for the structural roof truss system.

3.3

Duties Of Professional Engineer

3.3.1

The S.P. shall appoint a Professional Engineer (P.E.) whose duties shall
include the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

3.4

Preparation of roof truss analysis and design;

Preparation of drawings;
Design changes in every stage of work;
Certification for completion of roof truss installation;
Final certification for roof truss installation prior to issuance of
Certificate of Practical Completion for the whole Works to the
Contractor.

Fabricator
All trusses shall only be assembled by licensed fabricators approved by the S.P. and
registered with CIDB. A copy of CIDB registration certificate shall be submitted to the
S.O. for verification.

3.5

Installer
All installation works shall be executed and supervised by qualified personnel with
valid certificate issued by CIDB. The S.O. shall verify the identification and
qualification of the installer prior to the installation.

3.6

General Truss Limitation

3.6.1

Prior to any pre fabricated cold formed roof trusses works, the following
general limitation shall be applied:
Maximum unsupported truss span 13 m with permitted deviation of +
0.05 m.
(ii) Maximum truss spacing of 1.2 m with permitted deviation of +0.025 m.
(iii) The minimum basic wind speed shall be 35 m/s. However, the
minimum basic wind speed shall be increased to 41 m/s for lightweight
roof covering.
(iv) Minimum base steel thickness for main truss member shall be:

(i)

a)
b)

(v)

Minimum base steel thickness for other truss element shall be:
a)
b)
c)

3.7

1 mm for unsymmetrical section or open cross section;

0.6 mm for symmetrical machine-manufactured box or closed
cross section.

0.5 mm for batten or purlin;

1.2 mm for wall plate;
1 mm for all bracings.

Analysis, Design Report And Drawings Submission

3.7.1

The S.P. through the Contractor shall propose to the S.O. for his approval
a roof truss system which is safe, functional and conforming to design

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SECTION J : STRUCTURAL STEEL

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standard. Submission of proposal shall include truss analysis, design

report, and construction drawings. The truss analysis shall indicate all
loads, load combinations, connections criteria, bracings and tie-down of
the truss. Design output of the truss members, battens, connections, tiedown and wall plates, anchors, bracings, truss accessories, splicing and
stiffeners where related to the analysis shall be included in the design
report. (Refer to Appendix 3 of JKR 20601-0186-11)

3.8

3.7.2

All details in the construction drawings shall be sufficient to enable

checking against the analysis and design report, including specifying and
providing the truss layout and configuration, steel grades, section
properties of members, length of members in each truss configuration,
properties of truss accessories, specification of corrosion protection,
specification of fastener and anchor, tie-down and anchoring details and all
types of connection details including the connection of all attachments to
the trusses.

3.7.3

Technical specifications or mill certificates for base steel, fastener and

anchor shall also be included in the submission. Verification test certificate
from an approved accredited laboratory on the technical parameter
specified in the technical specifications or mill certificates shall be
submitted upon request by the S.O.

Warranty
3.8.1

When a prefabricated cold formed steel roof truss system is used, the
Contractor shall submit to the S.O. a warranty from the S.P. with the
following provisions:
(i)
(ii)

The products used are genuine and free from manufacturing defects;
The prefabricated cold formed steel roof truss system is installed in
accordance with the S.P.s instructions, guidance and specifications
that will deliver the specified level of performance;
(iii) The warranty certificate shall cover a period of ten (10) years from the
date of Certificate of Practical Completion against any defect or failure
due to the installation and workmanship by the S.P.s registered panel
installer.

4.

Metal Frames For Doors And Windows

4.1

Steel Frames
4.1.1

The Contractor shall supply, assemble and fix steel frames for doors and
windows as shown on the Drawings. The steel frames shall comply with
BS 6510, and shall be from an approved source and shop-primed with two
coats of red lead oxide or other approved rust resisting primer.

4.1.2

The steel frames shall be manufactured from sections rolled from good
commercial grade galvanized mild steel in single sections, mechanically
straightened with all corners pre-cut with a 45 degrees mitre joint giving a
snug and accurate fit, fully electrically welded, and carefully ground and
cleaned, or shall be mechanically jointed by an approved method.

4.1.3

All screws, nuts, bolts and washers shall be of stainless steel.

4.1.4

Steel frames shall be painted as specified in SECTION O: PAINTING

WORKS.

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SECTION J : STRUCTURAL STEEL

AND METAL WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

4.2

4.3

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Aluminium Frames
4.2.1

The Contractor shall supply, assemble and fix aluminium frames for doors
and windows as shown on the Drawings. Unless otherwise specified, all
aluminium frames for windows shall be fabricated from sections extruded
from aluminium alloy conforming to MS 832. All aluminium frames for glass
sliding doors shall be fabricated from sections extruded from aluminium
alloy and in compliance with MS 1017.

4.2.2

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the Bills of

Quantities, aluminium surfaces shall be natural anodised finish, free from
alloy defects, dye marks, scratches and other surface blemishes in
accordance with BS 3987 with an anodic coating of 15 minimum
thickness complying with BS EN 12373-1.

4.2.3

All coloured anodized finish to aluminium exposed surfaces shall be

subject to the S.O.s approval.

4.2.4

All aluminium extrusion or sheet exposed surfaces after anodizing and

after colouring, if required by the S.O., shall be sealed, and the adequacy
of the sealing shall be given special emphasis.

4.2.5

All fasteners such as bolts and screws shall be of stainless steel type A270 (minimum) in compliance with ISO 3506 or other suitable materials as
specified in the Drawings. Rivets shall be stainless steel or aluminium alloy
appropriate to the applications.

4.2.6

Extruded aluminium framing members shall be fabricated from designated

alloys complying with MS 2289. Ancillary members such as sills, couplings
and the like formed from sheet materials, they shall be fabricated from
designated alloys complying with MS 2040.

4.2.7

Where friction stays and hinges are fastened onto the framing section, the
portion that receives the fastener shall not be less than 2.5 mm thick.

Frames For Adjustable Louvre Windows

4.3.1

The Contractor shall supply, assemble and fix frames for adjustable louvre
windows as shown on the Drawings in compliance with MS 1057.

4.3.2

Unless otherwise specified, the frames shall be of approved manufacture.

The frames shall be supplied complete with weather seal and non-ferrous
bearings, spring clips, locking device and weather stripping with all
necessary spacing pieces. The frames, coupling mullions and spacer
brackets shall be minimum 1.2 mm thick (18 SWG) or otherwise specified
cold-rolled steel strip galvanised with hot-dipped process. Unless otherwise
specified on the Drawings, the clips and pivots to receive the louvres shall
be of durable nylon material and sample submitted shall be to S.Os
approval.

4.3.3

The operating rods shall be 2.13 mm thick (14 SWG). The handle and lock
shall be 2.642 mm thick (12 SWG) steel.

4.3.4

Unless otherwise specified, the finish shall be anodized coating of 15

(average) minimum complying with BS EN 12373-1.

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SECTION J : STRUCTURAL STEEL

AND METAL WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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Accessories
4.4.1

Accessories for each steel or aluminium frame for doors and windows shall
be supplied complete with:
(i)

Sufficient number of built-in stainless steel hinges as per Schedule of

Ironmongery under SECTION H : TIMBER, JOINERY AND
IRONMONGERY WORKS;
(ii) Two (2) rubber buffers per closing jamb, to reduce noise and
vibration;
(iii) Welded mortar guard; Adjustable stainless steel striker plate with a
gently curved lead-in edge; Removable spreader bars, to ensure a
perfect square during transportation and installation; and
(iv) Minimum of eight (8) pieces of 4 mm brick ties, to ensure a tight
permanent fit.
4.5

Samples
Samples of steel or aluminium sections with complete accessories for the doors and
windows, together with complete set of shop drawings of all works shall be
submitted to the S.Os for approval prior to the commencement of any work.

4.6

5.

Installation
4.6.1

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, all types of window

and door frames shall be fixed or installed using the sub-frame method in
accordance with the manufacturers recommendation and to the S.Os
approval.

4.6.2

All joints on the window and door frames shall be sealed using
polyurethane (PU) type joint sealant.

4.6.3

Where buildings are located near to the coastal area, the bolts, nuts and
screws used shall be of stainless steel unless otherwise specified.

4.6.4

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, the adjustable louvre side

frames shall fixed to the aluminium frames and shall be installed using the
sub-frame method in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation
and to the S.Os approval.

Collapsible Gates, Roller Shutters And Et Cetera

The Contractor shall provide and fix approved collapsible steel gates, folding shutters,
roller shutters and et cetera complete with all necessary accessories as approved by the
S.O. to the sizes and positions as shown on the Drawings. Unless otherwise specified in
the Drawings, they shall be galvanised and fixed in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions.

6.

Sundries
6.1

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, mild steel shall be used for balustrades
to staircases, verandahs, balconies, et cetera and shall be fixed as shown on the
Drawings.

6.2

All iron and steel for the sundries shall be of the quality approved by the S.O.
Screws and bolts shall have washers where appropriate. Hooks for carrying ceiling

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SECTION J : STRUCTURAL STEEL

AND METAL WORKS
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fans shall be formed from 13 mm diameter mild steel rods bolted to timber ceiling
members or ragged into concrete.
6.3

Welded mesh, expanded metal, aluminium sheets et cetera shall be provided and
fixed as shown on the Drawings.

6.4

Mild steel grilles, drain cover gratings shall be provided and fixed as shown on the
Drawings. Unless otherwise stated, all steelwork shall be jointed by continuous
welding.

6.5

Ant caps shall be of 16 gauge galvanised iron sheets formed to shape as shown on
the Drawing. The caps shall be fixed between concrete stumps/brick piers or walls
and timber posts or plates as required. The caps shall project 60 mm and inclined at
450 from the surface.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION K: PLASTERING, PAVING AND TILING WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.

General
Plaster Work
Paving Work
Tiling Work

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PAVING AND TILING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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1. General
1.1

1.2

Cement
1.1.1

The cement, unless otherwise described shall be Ordinary Portland

Cement, complying with MS 522 as specified in SECTION D: CONCRETE
WORKS or Masonry Cement complying with MS 794.

1.1.2

White and coloured cement shall be of approved manufacture.

Plasticiser
The plasticizer shall be of approved manufacture and used strictly in accordance
with the manufacturers recommendation.

1.3

Plasterlime
The plasterlime shall be of approved manufacture and shall comply with BS 890 and
shall be applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation.

1.4

Sand
The sand for external rendering, internal plastering and floor screeding shall comply
with MS 29 for fine aggregates. Sand for plastering using gypsum shall comply with
MS 701.

1.5

Water
Water for mixing shall be clear and free from harmful matter as specified in
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

1.6

1.7

Mixing
1.6.1

All mixing of mortar for plaster and screed shall be done by machine. Hand
mixing shall only be allowed for small quantities and with the approval of
the S.O. Hand mixing shall be done on a clean platform. The water content
of the mix shall be only the minimum required to give a workable mix.

1.6.2

Mortar for plaster and screed shall be used up within forty five (45) minutes
after mixing.

1.6.3

For gypsum plaster, mixes shall be used up within one (1) hour after
mixing.

1.6.4

No remaking of the mix shall be permitted thereafter.

Surface Preparation
1.7.1

Where possible cement paving, screeding and rendering on concrete

surface shall be laid while the concrete is still green that is after the final
set but not later than twenty four (24) hours of laying concrete. The
concrete surfaces shall be brushed with a stiff broom before it has
hardened to remove laitance and give a roughened surface. Hardened
concrete surfaces shall be thoroughly hacked to form a key to the approval
of the S.O.

1.7.2

Before any paving, screeding or rendering is applied, all surfaces shall be

thoroughly cleaned and wetted and be in damp state at the time the
paving, screeding or rendering is applied.

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SECTION K : PLASTERING,
PAVING AND TILING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

1.7.3

1.8

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Where plastering and rendering are to be applied in several coats, the

surface of each preceding coat shall be scratched while still green to form
key for the subsequent coat.

Bay
Paving and screeding shall be laid in alternate bays. On hardened concrete bases,
each bay shall not exceed 15 m2. On the surface where the concrete is still green,
each bay shall not exceed 30 m2. Where bays are not square, the ratio of the length
between adjacent sides of each bay shall be approximately 1:1.5. The joints in
paving screed shall coincide as nearly as possible with joints in the base.

1.9

Curing and Protection

Unless otherwise specified hereinafter, the screeds shall be cured for three (3) to
seven (7) days after laying, and protected from rapid drying by covering with
polyethylene sheets or tarpaulins and shall also be protected from any damage.

1.10

1.11

Making Good
1.10.1

Defective screeds shall be cut out and made good with fresh screed and
sufficient time shall be allowed for the screed to dry prior to the laying of
the floor finish.

1.10.2

Defective plastering and rendering shall be made good by cutting out the
defective part to a rectangular shape, and the edges shall be undercut to
form dovetail-key and finished flush with the surrounding work.

Samples
The Contractor shall supply the S.O. with samples of materials and/or sample of
finished work for approval. Approved samples shall be kept at site for reference.

1.12

Tools
Proper tools shall be used for all scribing, scoring, splicing, smoothing edges,
making angles et cetera of tiles, bricks and others so as to produce neat and fit
joints.

1.13

Types Of Finishes
The appropriate type of finishes to be used in the various locations of the works
shall be as shown on the Drawings or as tabulated in the schedule of finishes.
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., the finishes and
their dimensions shall be as specified hereinafter.

1.14

Cornices And Angles

1.14.1

The cornices and moulded work shall be clean and accurately formed to
the section shown on the Drawings. All mitres, stops and enrichments and
moulding shall follow the details as shown on the Drawings, all to the
approval of the S.O.

1.14.2

All rounded and moulded angles shall be of the same material mix as the
adjacent finish. For narrow reveal, splays and returns under 30 mm wide,
Class D plaster to BS 1991 shall be used.

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SECTION K : PLASTERING,
PAVING AND TILING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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2. Plaster Work
2.1

2.2

2.3

Plain Plaster
2.1.1

Plain plaster shall consist of one (1) part masonry cement to six (6) parts
sand by volume. Where CEM 1 is used, plasticizer or plasterlime shall be
added to the mix in accordance with the manufacturers instruction.

2.1.2

The plaster shall be applied in two coats generally to a total thickness of 20

mm to brickwall and 12 mm to soffits, beams, columns, brick-walls and
other smooth surfaces.

2.1.3

The first coat shall consist of rough plastering to a thickness of 10 mm for

20 mm plainface, and 6 mm for 12 mm plainface. The second coat shall be
finished with a steel trowel for internal surfaces and with a straight-edged
wood float for external surfaces.

2.1.4

All external walls, unless otherwise specified shall be finished with rough
surface cement plastering.

2.1.5

All internal walls, unless otherwise specified shall be finished with smooth
skimmed surface cement plastering.

Granolithic Plaster
2.2.1

Granolithic plaster shall consist of by volume, two (2) parts cement, one (1)
part sand, five (5) parts granite chipping passing 6mm mesh and retaining
upon 3 mm mesh, applied in two (2) coats to a total thickness of 10 mm to
a backing coat, finished smooth with wood float.

2.2.2

The backing coat shall consist of 12 mm thick plain plaster as described

herein before. The finished surface shall be brushed lightly to achieve the
required texture after it has reach initial set.

2.2.3

Shanghai plaster shall consist of two (2) parts approved coloured cement,
one (1) part sand and five (5) parts of selected lime-stone chipping passing
6 mm mesh and retaining upon 3 mm mesh by volume applied in two (2)
coats to a total thickness of 10 mm to the backing coat, finished smooth
with wood float.

2.2.4

The backing coat shall consist of 12 mm thick plain plaster as described

hereinbefore. The finished surface shall be brushed lightly to achieve the
required texture after it has reached initial set.

Shanghai Plaster
2.3.1

Shanghai plaster shall consist of two (2) parts approved coloured cement,
one (1) part sand and five (5) parts of selected lime-stone chipping passing
6 mm mesh and retaining upon 3 mm mesh by volume applied in two (2)
coats to a total thickness of 10 mm to the backing coat, finished smooth
with wood float.

2.3.2

The backing coat shall consist of 12 mm thick plain plaster as described

hereinbefore. The finished surface shall be brushed lightly to achieve the
required texture after it has reached initial set.

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SECTION K : PLASTERING,
PAVING AND TILING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

2.4

2.5

2.6

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Textured Finish Plaster

2.4.1

Textured finish plaster shall consist of a 20 mm thick backing coat of plain

plaster as described hereinbefore ruled into a plain and even surface and a
finishing coat as on the Drawings and described hereinafter.

2.4.2

For rough cast finish, the mix shall consist of selected cement, sand and
aggregate in the proportion to give the required finish to the approval of the
S.O.

2.4.3

For Tyrolean finish, the mix shall consist of one (1) part selected coloured
cement, and two (2) parts sand by volume applied to the backing coat by
means of a Tyrolean machine in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendation. The finish shall be built up in three (3) layers to a total
thickness of not exceeding 6 mm. Each coat shall be allowed to dry before
the application of a subsequent coat.

2.4.4

For pebble-dash finish, the dry pebble for the finish shall be thrown onto
the backing coat while the latter is still wet. The pebbles to be used shall
be clean and of size and quality approved by the S.O.

2.4.5

For pebble-wash finish, the selection of pebbles shall be clean and of size,
colour and quality approved by the S.O. The selected pebbles shall be
mixed with plain plaster and applied while it is still wet in a single coat
generally to a total thickness of 12 mm to a backing coat. The applied
surface is tapped to set the pebbles in position. The pebbles shall be
brushed and washed lightly to achieve the required texture after it has
reached the initial set. Loose pebbles shall be placed back in position and
by tapping the surface to set.

Gypsum Plaster
2.5.1

Gypsum plaster, or plaster of Paris, is produced as a proprietary dry

plaster powder and when it is mixed with water, it re-forms into gypsum.
The ratio of the gypsum powder mix to the amount of water shall be as
recommended by the manufacturer.

2.5.2

The setting of unmodified plaster starts about ten (10) minutes after mixing
and is complete in about forty five (45) minutes; but not fully set for seventy
two (72) hours. The total gypsum plaster thickness for vertical and
horizontal masonry and concrete surfaces shall be 16 mm.

2.5.3

The resulting paste hardens as it cools, forming a relatively soft, pliable

finished product. Unlike mortar or cement, which dries much harder,
gypsum plaster can be sanded or otherwise manipulated once cured,
making it a good option for aesthetic, non-load bearing purposes.

2.5.4

Gypsum plaster is renowned for its use as an art medium and is often use
in conservation works especially for decorative embellishment. It is also
used to simulate the appearance of surfaces of wood, stone or metal.

Lime Plaster
2.6.1

Typical lime plaster mix shall consist of one (1) part lime putty to three (3)
parts of washed, well graded sand. The lime putty is mixed at one (1) to
three (3) ratios, creates a compact plaster.

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SECTION K : PLASTERING,
PAVING AND TILING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

2.7

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2.6.2

Water is added to produce slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), which is sold

as a wet putty or white powder. Water is added to the white powder mix as
per the manufacturers recommendation.

2.6.3

Water is added to the proprietary lime plaster mix as per the

manufacturers recommendation to form a workable paste prior to use.
Lime plaster is used as an alternative to or in combination with ordinary
Portland cement. It is commonly used for decorative works such as mural
paintings on walls, ceilings or any type of flat surface.

2.6.4

Once the water is mixed it shall be stored in an air-tight container. Once

exposed to the atmosphere, the calcium hydroxide turns back into calcium
carbonate, causing the plaster to set.

Barium Plaster
The plastering of internal surfaces of X-Ray room walls shall be of barium plaster
consisting of one (1) part cement, one (1) part barytes (barium sulphate) fines and
three (3) parts barytes sand by volume.

2.8

Plaster to Sides of Manholes, Inspection Chambers and Septic Tanks

Plastering to sides of manholes, inspection chambers and septic tanks shall be as
specified under SECTION F: SEWERAGE WORKS.

3. Paving Work
3.1

3.2

Cement Paving
3.1.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., cement

paving shall be 20 mm thick consisting of one part cement to three parts
sand by volume. The paving shall be thoroughly rammed within 30 minutes
of laying and trowelled smooth after it has stiffened sufficiently to prevent
laitance being brought to the surface. Paving to apron shall finish to a slight
fall towards surface drains.

3.1.2

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q.,

skirtings shall be formed to a height of 150 mm and thickness of 20 mm,
coved at bottom and rounded at top.

Granolithic Paving
3.2.1

Granolithic paving shall be 20 mm thick, consisting of two (2) parts cement

and five (5) parts granite chipping passing 6 mm mesh and retained upon 3
mm mesh by volume.

3.2.2

The chipping shall be washed and free from dust. The paving shall be
trowelled smooth to proper level or fall where appropriate. After initial set
the surface shall be brushed lightly to achieve the required textured finish.

3.2.3

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, granolithic skirting shall be

100mm high and 20 mm thick, coved at bottom and slightly rounded at top.

3.2.4

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., the

edge of threshold and treads of concrete stairs shall be finished with 150
mm x 75 mm x 12 mm thick vitreous non-slip nosing tiles laid lengthwise
bedded and pointed in 1:3 cement and sand mortar. The sides of open

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stringers shall be finished with granolithic plaster worked to profile of treads

and risers to the approval of the S.O.
3.3

3.4

In-situ Terrazzo
3.3.1

In-situ terrazzo shall consist of one (1) part approved coloured cement and
three (3) parts selected limestone chipping passing through 12 mm mesh
and retained upon 3 mm mesh by volume.

3.3.2

The terrazzo topping shall be 20 mm thick laid on 20 mm thick cement and

sand (1:3) screed. The concrete base to receive the screed shall be
thoroughly cleaned and wetted.

3.3.3

While laying the screed, aluminium or brass strips of size 32 mm wide x 3

mm thick shall be set in vertically on edge into the screed to form panels.
Each panel shall not exceed 4 m2 with top edges of the strips standing
sufficiently high to finish flush with the finished terrazzo floor level. The
terrazzo shall be trowelled to a dense even finish.

3.3.4

When sufficiently hard but not less than two (2) days after being laid it shall
be rubbed down to a smooth surface by means of carborundum stone.

3.3.5

Tile impregnator then shall be applied strictly in accordance to the

manufacturers recommendation onto the terrazzo surface to prevent future
staining.

3.3.6

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., the

edge of the threshold and treads of concrete stairs shall be finished with
150 mm x 76 mm x 12 mm vitreous non-slip nosing tiles of approved colour
laid lengthwise bedded and pointed. The sides of open stringers shall be
finished with in-situ terrazzo working to profile of treads and risers to the
approval of the S.O.

Waterproof Paving to Roof Slabs

Waterproof paving to roof slabs shall be as specified under SECTION D:
CONCRETE WORKS.

3.5

3.6

Precast Concrete Paving

3.5.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., precast

concrete paving slabs shall be of size 600 mm x 600 mm x 50 mm thick
each and made of 1:2:4-20 mm concrete reinforced with `A6' fabric
reinforcement to MS 145. The top surfaces of slab shall be brushed with
stiff broom or wire brush after the initial set to give a rough finish.

3.5.2

Paving slabs shall be laid to the pattern as shown on the Drawings or

approved by the S.O. The slabs shall be bedded on 25 mm thick semi-dry
cement and sand (1:3) screed laid on 100 mm thick properly compacted
and blinded hardcore.

3.5.3

The joints between the paving slabs shall be 20 mm wide filled with cement
mortar (1:3) and raked to a depth of 6 mm.

Interlocking Concrete Paving

3.6.1

Taking the existing sub-grade/soil conditions and the anticipated traffic

loading into consideration, an adequate thickness of well compacted base
course must be provided to ensure good pavement performance. Unless

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otherwise specified, existing bitumen or concrete surfaces need not be

removed and can act as good sub-grade.

3.7

3.8

3.6.2

Interlocking concrete paving blocks shall comprise of segmental

interlocking concrete paving units laid on minimum 30 mm thick sand
bedding course.

3.6.3

A layer of sand should be loosely spread and screed to a uniform thickness

such that its compacted thickness would be approximately 30 mm thick. It
is important that the sand layer remains undisturbed prior to the laying of
blocks.

3.6.4

The grade of the concrete and thickness of the paving blocks shall be as
detailed in the Drawings.

3.6.5

Concrete edge restraints shall be provided at the perimeter of the

pavement to ensure the paving blocks are tightly abutted and to separate
areas of different laying pattern.

3.6.6

The paving blocks are placed side by side on the sand bed with gaps of
approximately 2 mm between adjoining blocks. The gap between the
paving blocks shall be filled with fine sand of different grading to that
required for the bedding sand.

3.6.7

The paving blocks can be cut to fit edges and awkward corners. The
pavement which has been laid shall be compacted with a hand-guided
plate vibrator until it is firmly embedded in the sand layer.

3.6.8

The general specification of the precast concrete paving blocks shall

comply with MS 1380.

In-situ Concrete Paving Footpath

3.7.1

In-situ concrete paving shall consist of 75 mm thick concrete of 1:3:6-20

mm mix by volume as specified in Section D: CONCRETE WORKS, laid
on 100 mm thick properly compacted and blinded hardcore to panels as
shown on the Drawings or as approved by the S.O.

3.7.2

The concrete shall be well compacted and floated with a wooden float to
smooth and even finish. After the concrete has achieved the initial set, the
surface shall be brushed with stiff broom or wire brush to give a rough
finish.

3.7.3

The joints between the panels shall be filled with approved cold-poured
polyurethane joint filler.

Brick Paving
3.8.1

Bricks for paving shall be of semi-vitreous bricks 225 mm x 75 mm x 50

mm thick of approved quality and colour.

3.8.2

The bricks shall be soaked as specified in SECTION E: NONSTRUCTURAL WALL SYSTEM before laying and shall be laid flat on 25
mm semi-dry cement and sand (1:3) screed with 6 mm spacing to the
pattern as shown on the Drawings or as approved by the S.O.

3.8.3

The screed shall be laid on 75 mm thick concrete (1:3:6-19mm) base

founded on properly compacted and blinded 100 mm thick hardcore. The
joints shall be filled with cement mortar (1:2) and finish flush.

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4. Tiling Work
4.1

Ceramic Tile
4.1.1

In general all ceramic tiles manufactured locally are using the `dry-pressed
manufacturing process and the ceramic tiles are categorized based on
their water absorption rate as defined in the MS 1294, MS ISO 13006 or
the International Standard Organization (ISO) Standards (ISO 13006).

4.1.2

The methods and materials used in the installation of ceramic tiles under
normal internal conditions shall comply with MS 1294-1 and the installation
of ceramic tiles under normal external conditions shall comply with MS
1294-2.

4.1.3

The installation of tiling works requires skilled operatives working safely

using protective clothing and equipment where appropriate; workmanship
shall comply with BS 8000-11 for ceramic tiles.

4.1.4

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, ceramic tiles to internal and

external floor for heavy duty areas shall be vitrified with water absorption
less than 0.5% [Classification Group BIa] also referred to as heavy duty
tiles shall comply with MS ISO 13006 and the size shall be tiles 300 mm x
300 mm x 12 mm thick.

4.1.5

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, ceramic tiles to internal floor

areas under normal condition shall be vitrified with water absorption less
than 3% [Classification Group BIa or, BIb] shall be vitreous hard wearing
non-slip glazed complying with MS ISO 13006 and the tile size shall be
300 mm x 300 mm.

4.1.6

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings or described in the B.Q.,

ceramic tile skirting shall match the flooring tiles and shall be 300 mm x
100 mm laid lengthwise on cement and sand (1:3) screed as described. All
angles to skirting shall be neatly cut to fit all abutments.

4.1.7

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, accessories such as skirting

(bull nose or cove base), step tiles, step nosing, edging strips, angle tiles
(internal and external), etc. shall be of an approved type standard
manufacture from the same material to match flooring. Unless otherwise
shown on the Drawings, skirting shall be 100 mm high, stair nosing shall
be minimum 20 mm wide laid full length of the treads and of bull nose
profile, and edging strips 25 mm wide.

4.1.8

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, ceramic tiles for internal walls
shall be scuff-resistant glazed vitrified tiles with water absorption less than
6% [Classification Group BIb or BIIa] shall comply with MS ISO 13006.
Unless otherwise specified, the minimum tile size shall be of 300 mm x 300
mm.

4.1.9

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, ceramic tiles for external walls
up to first floor height shall be scuff-resistant glazed vitrified tiles with water
absorption less than 3% [Classification Group BIa or BIb] and shall comply
with MS ISO 13006. The tiles maximum size shall be of 300 mm x 300
mm.

4.1.10

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, ceramic tiles for external walls
used above first floor height shall be scuff-resistant glazed vitrified tiles
with water absorption less than 0.5% [Classification Group BIa] shall

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comply with MS ISO 13006. The tiles maximum size shall be of 300 mm x
300 mm.
4.1.11

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, all ceramic tiles for walls and
floors shall be of 1st Grade or Grade A with approved surface finish &
texture, colour and manufacture.

4.1.12

Ceramic tiles used for walls which have high water absorption
characteristics shall be bedded with approved tile adhesive to the
manufacturers specification on 20 mm thick cement and sand (1:3) render
which has sufficiently cured. The tiles shall be laid with 2 mm to 3 mm gap
and all joints shall be filled with approved tile proprietary grout to match.
Exposed edges of tiling shall be finished with rounded on edge tiles.
Ceramic tiles of Classification Group BIII with water absorption >10% shall
not be used under any conditions.

4.1.13

Porous tiles shall be soaked before fixing to prevent rapid suction and
subsequent failure in bonding with the mortar bed. Tiles should be
removed from their cartons and completely immersed in clean water for at
least thirty (30) minutes. After soaking, they should be stacked tightly
together, with the end tiles face outwards, on a clean surface and allowed
to drain. Tiles classified in MS ISO 13006 in Groups BIIb and BIII require
this saturation treatment; soaking of tiles of Group BIa, BIb and BIIa is
unnecessary, refer to MS 1294-1.

4.1.14

Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, the tiles should be fixed

dry. All tile installation shall use approved type cementitious adhesives.
The selection and application of ceramic tile adhesives for internal and
external tile installations on walls and floors shall comply with MS ISO
13007-1 and MS 1294.

4.1.15

Grouts used shall be of proprietary grout with good working characteristics,

low shrinkage and good adhesion to edges of the tiles complying with MS
ISO 13007-3. The selection of the type of grout shall be to the
manufacturers recommendation. Sanded grout shall be used for tile joint
width of 4 mm or more. Non-sanded grouts shall be used for installation in
joints of 4 mm width or less. The application of ceramic tile grouts for
internal and external tile installations on walls and floors shall comply with
MS 1294.

4.1.16

Tiles shall be laid with joints not exceeding 3 mm wide to be filled with
coloured grout. Admixtures shall be used in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendation and they shall not be added to the
proprietary grout unless approved by the grout manufacturer. Admixtures
are added for improving the resilience and reducing the water permeability
of the hardened grout mortar.

4.1.17

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, movement joints should be

located in the tiles installation to coincide and be continuous with all
existing structural movement joints, although they are actually formed as
separate joints isolated by suitable thickness of back-up material.

4.1.18

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the movement joints with

consultation with the designers shall be positioned at the following
locations:
(i)
(ii)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Over existing and/or structural movement joints;

Where tiling abuts other materials;

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(iii) Where tiling is continuous across junctions of different background

materials;
(iv) In large tile areas, at internal vertical corners and at 3 m to 4.5 m
centers horizontally and vertically; and
(v) Where stresses are likely to be concentrated, for example at changes
of alignment.

4.2

4.1.19

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, joint sealant materials for

movement joints shall be selected and applied in accordance with the
guidance given BS 6213.

4.1.20

Where large format ceramic tiles are required for walls and to be fixed
above first floor height, they shall be secured by mechanical means. When
the thickness of tile exceeds 12.5 mm and the weight of tile is more than
32 kg/m2, mechanical fixing is recommended. All mechanical fixing
methods shall be certified by a competent Professional Engineer and to the
approval of the S.O.

4.1.21

Pull-out test shall be carried out after twenty eight (28) days installation for
every maximum area 500 m2 or on the tiles that are suspected of
hollowness, at the instruction of the S.O.

4.1.22

Adhesion strength of the pull-out test shall exceed 0.5 N/mm2 for walls with
cement:sand mortar bedding or 1.0N/mm2 with adhesive bedding. Pull-out
test shall be carried out in accordance to MS ISO 13007-2 and as
recommended by the tile adhesive manufacturer. Location and number of
test point for the pull-out test shall be as requested by the S.O.

Precast Terrazzo Tiles

4.2.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, precast terrazzo tiles of an

approved manufacture shall be 100 mm x 300 mm x 20 mm thick machinepressed tiles comprising of 6 mm limestone aggregate and coloured
cement.

4.2.2

The tiles shall be soaked prior to laying and shall be laid butt jointed on 20
mm thick semi-dry cement and sand screed. The laying shall be done
while the screed is still green. All joints between the tiles shall be grouted
with coloured cement to match.

4.2.3

The tiles shall be rubbed down to a smooth surface after a minimum of two
days or laying by means of Carborundum stone. Tile impregnator shall
then be applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendation on to the terrazzo surface to prevent future staining.

4.2.4

Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, nosing and edging tiles to edges
of flooring and treads of concrete stairs shall be of an approved type and to
match with the flooring accessories such as skirting (bull nose or cove
base), step tiles, step nosing, edging strips, angle tiles (internal and
external), etc. shall be of an approved type from the same material to
match flooring.

4.2.5

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, skirting shall be 100 mm high,

stair nosing shall be minimum 20 mm wide laid full length of the treads and
of bull nose profile, and edging strips 25 mm wide.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION K : PLASTERING,
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4.3

4.4

4.5

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Mosaic
4.3.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, mosaic tiling to floors shall be

semi-glazed tiles and shall be of an approved colour and manufacture.

4.3.2

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, mosaic tiling to walls shall be

fully glazed tile and shall be of approved colour and manufacture.

4.3.3

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., all

skirting shall be 100 mm high to match floor tiling. The tiles at the bottom of
the skirting shall be set at 450 to the horizontal and the top finished with
cove tiles or edging strips to manufacturers recommendation. The tiles
required to form angles to skirting shall be neatly cut and fit to all
abutments.

4.3.4

Mosaic tiling to floors shall be bedded on 20 mm thick semi-dry cement

and sand (1:3) screed, laid on the concrete base which has been
thoroughly cleaned and wetted.

4.3.5

Mosaic tiling to walls shall be evenly buttered with cement:sand mortar

before bedding on 20 mm thick cement and sand (1:3) screed which has
sufficiently cured. Alternatively the tiling shall be bedded with approved
proprietary adhesive to manufacturers recommendation onto the cement
screed.

4.3.6

During bedding, the surface of the mosaic shall be checked and any
unevenness shall be made good. Any misaligned or defective tiles shall be
adjusted or replaced. All joints shall be grouted with approved proprietary
grout or coloured cement and sand grout to match. The tiling shall be
allowed to mature under damp condition for at least four (4) days before
cleaning down.

4.3.7

The selection and application of tile adhesives for internal and external
mosaic installations on walls and floors shall comply with MS ISO 13007-1.
The selection and application of tile grouts for mosaic installations on walls
and floors shall comply with MS ISO 13007-3.

Quarry Tiles
4.4.1

Quarry tiles shall be of non-slip type 150 mm x 150 mm x 12 mm thick

complying with MS 1088, 1089, 1090 and 1091. The tiles shall be bedded
on 20 mm thick semi-dry cement and sand (1:3) screed with joints about 2
mm wide, laid on the concrete base which has been thoroughly cleaned
and wetted. All tiles shall be soaked overnight before laying.

4.4.2

All skirting shall be 100 mm high with rounded top edge to match the tiles
flooring. The tiles required to form angles to skirting shall be neatly cut and
fit to all abutments.

PVC Tiles/Sheets
4.5.1

PVC tiles or sheets shall be of approved type, pattern and colour. PVC tiles
or sheets are to be of non-slip type and shall comply with MS 602. Tiles
shall be 250 mm x 250 mm x 2 mm thick minimum. Sheets shall be 2 m roll
width x 2 mm thick minimum.

4.5.2

Accessories such as skirting, stair nosing, edging strips etc. shall be of the
same manufacture from similar material to match flooring. Unless
otherwise described skirting shall be 100 mm high; stair nosing shall be 60

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mm wide laid full length of the treads and of bullnose profiles; and edging
strips shall be 25 mm wide.
4.5.3

The final appearance and performance of the floor covering will be

determined and affected, in part, by the condition of the subfloor. It is
essential that all subfloors are solid, smooth, flat, even, permanently dry,
clean and free from all foreign materials such as dust, paint, grease, oils,
solvents, curing and hardening compounds, sealers, asphalt and old
adhesive residue. The dryness of the subfloor is of the utmost importance
and it must be determined by testing the moisture level in the subfloor.
Enough drying time must be allowed in the building program to achieve a
relative humidity (RH) reading of below 75% or in compliance to the
manufacturers RH recommendation.

4.5.4

Installation area for the flooring must be clean, fully enclosed, weathertight
and maintained at uniform temperature at least forty eight (48) hours prior
to, during and after the installation is completed.

4.5.5

The tiles or sheet shall be laid and jointed on 20 mm thick cement and
sand (1:3) screed subfloor with an approved proprietary waterproof
adhesive strictly in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation. The
screed shall be finished smooth with a steel trowel to an even surface and
shall be dry, clean and free from dust and sand before laying the tiles and
sheets. A self-leveling sub-floor smoothing compound shall be applied on
uneven surfaces to provide a quality finish to receive the floor coverings or
as recommended by the manufacturer.

4.5.6

For ground floor or basement areas, an approved damp proof membrane

shall be installed prior to the application of sand/cement screeds.

4.5.7

Adhesive; when not specified otherwise, type to be as recommended and

approved by the PVC tile/sheet covering manufacturer. Use acrylic
adhesive/solvent based adhesive on dry, dustless sub floors in areas not
subjected to spillages. Use two parts polyurethane adhesive on the subfloors in areas subject to excessive spillage of water. Floors must be kept
free of traffic until the PU adhesive is fully set, recommended minimum
eight (8) hours.

4.5.8

The floor coverings should be adhered in acrylic adhesive or approved

equivalent. All joints on the floor must be cut in, grooved and hot welded.
Cove up skirting shall be 100 mm height, to enable the self-coving of the
floor covering. In areas that are not subjected to spillages of water onto the
wall surfaces, the top of the covering is to be finished with PVC capping
seal. This should be adhered to the wall surface approximately 100 mm150 mm high prior to self-coving floor covering. The material is than cut
and fitted into the capping seal, capping seal should be adhered with
contact adhesive.

4.5.9

In areas that are subjected to spillages of water onto the wall surfaces, the
top of the covering is finished with aluminium trimming, a specially
designed section for forming water-tight joint in conjuction with the surface
of the wall finishes. It is recommended that the aluminium trim to be
screwed on the wall surface.

4.5.10

Where area of excessive spillages of water, it is important that a watertight

joint be achieved at junction of drains, gratings, access covers etc.

4.5.11

On completion, the flooring shall be well-cleaned and treated or polished in

accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.

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4.6

4.7

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Timber Strip Flooring

4.6.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, timber strip flooring shall be

ready-made, laminated three (3) ply timber strips or floorboards of
approved manufacture. The timber species for use in timber strip flooring
shall be as specified in SECTION H: TIMBER, JOINERY AND
IRONMONGERY WORKS.

4.6.2

The flooring shall be laid to the pattern as approved by the S.O, on 20 mm

thick cement and sand (1:3) screed with an approved waterproof adhesive
applied in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation. The screed
shall be finished smooth with a steel trowel to an even surface and it shall
be dry, clean and dust free before laying the timber strip flooring. After the
adhesive has set, the timber strip flooring shall be sanded to a true smooth
and even surface using suitable sanding machine. Any misaligned or
defective timber strip shall be adjusted or replaced.

4.6.3

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., skirting

to timber strip flooring shall consist of 100 mm x 12 mm thick wrot timber
skirting rounded at the top, and fixed to the wall or column using 38 mm
masonry nails spaced approximately at 600 mm centres in two (2) rows 26
mm away from the top and bottom edges. The nails shall be punched
below the surface and the holes filled with approved putty. Any jointing of
the skirting shall use splayed butt joints.

4.6.4

The face edges of the flooring shall be lined with wrot timber edging to
match. The edging strips shall be 38 mm wide approximately x 12 mm
thick fixed to the base using adhesive as specified hereinbefore, projecting
12 mm from the finished sides of floor slabs. Edging strips shall be jointed
using glued splayed butt joints.

4.6.5

After sanding the flooring shall be cleaned, any gap sealed with approved
sealer, stained and finished with three (3) coats of approved polyurethane
paint. Each coat shall be applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation.

Parquet Tile Flooring

4.7.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, parquet tiles shall be readymade 120 mm x 120 mm x 10 mm thick consisting of 120 mm x 25 mm x
10 mm pressure treated kempas, keruing or other approved
medium
hardwood timber battens. The timber species for use in parquet flooring
shall be as specified in SECTION H: TIMBER, JOINERY AND
IRONMONGERY WORKS.

4.7.2

The flooring shall be laid to the pattern as approved by the S.O, on 20 mm

thick cement and sand (1:3) screed with an approved waterproof adhesive
applied in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation. The screed
shall be finished smooth with a steel trowel to an even surface and it shall
be dry, clean and dust free before laying the parquet flooring. After the
adhesive has set, the parquet flooring shall be sanded to a true smooth
and even surface using suitable sanding machine. Any misaligned or
defective parquet shall be adjusted or replaced.

4.7.3

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or described in the B.Q., skirting

to parquet flooring shall consist of 100 mm x 12 mm thick wrot timber
skirting rounded at the top, and fixed to the wall or column using 38 mm
masonry nails spaced approximately at 600 mm centres in two (2) rows 26
mm away from the top and bottom edges. The nails shall be punched

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No. Dokumen
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below the surface and the holes filled with approved putty. Any jointing of
the skirting shall use splayed butt joints.

4.8

4.9

4.7.4

The face edges of the flooring shall be lined with wrot timber edging to
match. The edging strips shall be 38 mm wide approximately x 12 mm
thick fixed to the base using adhesive as specified hereinbefore, projecting
12 mm from the finished sides of floor slabs. Any edging strips shall be
jointed using glued splayed butt joints.

4.7.5

After sanding the flooring shall be cleaned, any gap sealed with approved
sealer, stained and finished with three (3) coats of approved polyurethane
paint and sanding between coats. Each coat shall be applied strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. The required type of
flooring finish shall be to S.O.s approval.

Granite Slabs
4.8.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, granite slabs for flooring shall be
600 mm x 600 mm x 25 mm thick shall be bedded with cement: sand
mortar or alternatively with 9 mm thick approved proprietary tile adhesive
onto 25 mm thick cement and sand (1:3) screed as described
hereinbefore. The slabs shall be laid butt-joint. Any gap shall be filled with
approved mixture of adhesive and grout powder. After grouting, the surface
then shall be polished, buffered and finished with a layer of impregnator.

4.8.2

If used in wet or exposed areas, or on ground floor, waterproofing system

shall be installed prior to the laying of granite slabs. The floors or the
exposed wet areas shall be applied with two coats of approved waterproof
coating.

4.8.3

The reverse side of granite slabs in contact with the ground floor or
exposed wet wall surface shall be applied with approved waterproof
coating.

Marble Slab
4.9.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, marble slabs for flooring shall be
600 mm x 600 mm x 25 mm thick shall be bedded with cement: sand
mortar or alternatively with 9 mm thick approved tile adhesive onto 25 mm
thick cement and sand (1:3) screed. The slabs shall be laid butt-joint. Any
gap shall be filled with approved mixture of the adhesive and grout powder.
After grouting, the surface then shall be polished, buffered and finished
with a layer of impregnator.

4.9.2

If used in wet or exposed areas, or ground floor, waterproofing system

shall be installed prior to the laying of marble slabs. The floors or the
exposed wet areas shall be applied with two coats of approved
waterproofing coating.

4.9.3

The reverse side of marble slabs in contact with the ground floor or
exposed wet wall surface areas shall be applied with approved waterproof
coating.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION L : WATER RETICULATION, INTERNAL PLUMBING SYSTEM
AND SANITARY FITTINGS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

General
Products And Materials
Inspection
Water Reticulation

L/1
L/1
L/1
L/1

TABLE L1

L/2

: Widths Of Pipe Trenches

Internal Cold Water And Sanitary Plumbing System

Sanitary Fittings

L/10
L/10

APPENDIX L/1 : Schedule Of Sanitary Fittings

L/12

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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Tarikh
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JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
L/1

1. General
The water reticulation and internal cold water plumbing works shall be executed by
personnel with valid permits issued by SPAN as stipulated under Water Service Industry
Act 2006. The Contractor shall be responsible for employing such personnel and all the
work performed by them.

2. Products And Materials

2.1

All products and materials to be incorporated in the work shall be new and unused.
Materials to be used within the scope of work shall be those approved by SPAN.
When the quality of a material or process is not specifically set forth in the approved
products and materials list, the Drawings, or the Specifications, the best available
quality of the material or process shall be provided, subject to the approval of the
S.O.

2.2

All products and materials shall be supplied by suppliers registered with SPAN. The
Contractor shall provide proof to the S.O. in the form of a valid Confirmation Letter
or Certificate of Registration issued by SPAN to the supplier. The products and
materials shall also be subjected to other terms and conditions mentioned in these
specifications.

2.3

All products and materials shall be of the makes and models tested and approved
for use. It is the Contractor's responsibility to verify that products and materials
received for the job conform to the current approved products and materials
supplied by SPAN registered suppliers.

2.4

All products and materials furnished shall be subject to inspection for compliance
with these specifications and all other appropriate specifications. The Contractor
shall make application to the S.O. for inspection at least five (5) days in advance of
starting any work.

3. Inspection
The S.O. shall at all times have access to the work wherever it is in preparation or progress
and the Contractor shall provide proper facilities for such access and for inspection. The
Contractor shall provide safe means to inspect the work. Failure or oversight of the S.O. or
his representative to reject defective materials at the time of use, or to reject improper work
at the time it is performed, shall not diminish the Contractor's obligations to comply with
Drawings and Specifications. The Contractor shall remove and replace any faulty materials
and work at no additional cost to the Government upon discovery of the defects or upon
receipt of notice from the S.O. to do so.

4. Water Reticulation
4.1

Setting Out
All setting out for pipe laying works shall be performed by the Contractor's surveyor.
Generally, stakes for alignment and grade shall be set at 10 m intervals. The survey
shall conform to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the Drawings. The
Contractor shall preserve all monuments, benchmarks, survey markers and stakes.
In case of their removal or destruction by the Contractor or his employees, agents or
subcontractors, the Contractor shall be liable for the cost of their replacement.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

JKR MALAYSIA

4.2

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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L/2

Excavation
4.2.1

General
All general excavation works shall be as specified in SECTION C:
EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS.

4.2.2

Excavation for pipe trenches

4.2.2.1

Before commencing the excavation of pipe trenches, the routes

of the pipelines shall be pegged out accurately. Strong sight
rails shall be fixed and maintained at each change of gradient,
and at as many intermediate points as may be necessary but
not exceeding 100 metres apart. On these rails shall be marked
the centre line and level to which the pipes are to be laid, and
such rails shall be maintained in position and at the correct level
from the time the excavation commences until backfilling is
completed. The run of pipe trenches opened up ahead of pipe
laying operations at any one time shall not be more than:
(i)

100 m if the pipe laying operations are in an urban area,

(ii)

300 m if the pipe laying operations are in the side tables of

a trunk road, or

(iii) 600 m if the pipe laying operations are in unoccupied land

schemes or housing estates under development or are in
the side tables of minor rural roads.
4.2.2.2

The S.O. may, at his absolute discretion, vary the distances

stated above if he considers that traffic, road, weather or
physical conditions warrant the variation.

4.2.2.3

Unless the S.O. permits otherwise, the trenches shall be

excavated to the widths given in TABLE L1.

TABLE L1: WIDTHS OF PIPE TRENCHES

External Pipe Diameter (D)
Not exceeding 500 mm
Exceeding 500 mm

Width of Trench
D+300mm
D+600mm

4.2.2.4

Where pipes are to be laid on a concrete bed, the width of the

excavation at the bottom of the trench shall be the width of the
underside of the concrete bed. At all joints the trench shall be
so excavated as to give a working space of not less than 300
mm all around the joint. Where bends are made by deflecting
pipes at joints the trench shall be widen to permit this operation.
The sides of the trench shall be cut vertical, and where
necessary, shall be protected against caving in by timbering to
the approval of the S.O.

4.2.2.5

The trench shall be excavated to the depths intended or shown

in the Drawings and shall be finished and trimmed accurately to
level and grade.

4.2.2.6

Should the ground be so wet or soft that, in the opinion of the

S.O., it does not form a firm base for the pipe, or should rock be
encountered at the bottom of the trench, the trench shall be

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JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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excavated 250 mm below the level intended or shown in the

Drawings and then brought back to the correct level with good
selected earth or sand well rammed into place. Such deepening
of pipe trench and filling back shall be treated as a variation
under the terms of the Contract. Should the bottom of the
trench be inadvertently excavated below the specified level, it
shall be brought back, at the Contractor's expense, to the
correct level with good selected earth or sand carefully rammed
into place.
4.2.3

Excavation of road crossings

4.2.3.1

No trench is to be excavated in the carriageway unless specific

approval has been given by the relevant road authority. The
whole operation of excavation and reinstatement of the trench
shall be completed as quickly as possible. The Contractor shall
ensure that minimum interference to traffic flow is maintained at
all times.

4.2.3.2

A joint site inspection shall be arranged by the Contractor

before commencement of work if so requested by the road
authority. After pegging out, the Contractor shall inform the road
authority and the police of the actual date of commencement at
least one week in advance of and on the day of
commencement.

4.2.3.3

If specific approval has been given to lay services across the

road by open excavation, proper cutting of the metalled
pavement shall be done and the Contractor shall ensure that
the top edges of the excavation are neat and straight.

4.2.3.4

All materials from the excavation, if accepted for backfilling

shall be neatly stacked outside the carriageway. Where there is
no place to stack the excavated materials outside the
carriageway, shall excavated materials shall be removed from
the work site immediately after excavation.

4.2.3.5

Where specific approval has been given by the road authority

for half width construction, the traffic lanes may be reduced to
not less than 5.0 m wide and where necessary, the shoulder
should be strengthened to accommodate traffic load to the
satisfaction of the S.O. by the Contractor and at the
Contractor's cost.

4.2.3.6

Trenches shall be provided with adequate shuttering, walling

and struts to prevent the adjoining road pavement from cracking
and subsiding.

4.2.3.7

If a road diversion is required, the Contractor shall build it to the

specifications of the road authority. It shall be maintained in
good motorable condition until the reinstatement is completed.

4.2.3.8

Carriageway excavation across important and busy road and

junctions shall be carried out during off-peak hours. The S.O.
shall specify the appropriate times based on the merits of each
case and such conditions shall be strictly adhered to by the
Contractor.

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4.2.4

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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Excavation of rock in trench

Rock shall mean those geological strata of hard material which
necessitate the use of blasting or approved pneumatic tools for their
removal. Solid boulders found in trench excavations and foundation pits
shall be considered as rock if such boulders are of size each exceeding
0.08 cubic metre. Shale and clay boulders shall not be classified as rock.
The S.O. 's decision as to whether or not the material of the excavation is
to be classified as rock shall be final. The Contractor shall be entitled to
extra payment for rock excavation only if reasonable notice is given to the
S.O. to examine and measure such material prior to breaking up. The
volume of rock excavated shall be taken as its volume in-situ before it is
broken up.

4.2.5

Pipe bedding
The pipe bedding and foundation shall be prepared according to the
Drawings. No pipes shall be laid until the S.O. has inspected and approved
the pipe bedding and foundation. Any work that has been carried out
without the approval of the S.O. shall, on the instructions of the S.O., be
uncovered or removed by the Contractor and reinstated to the S.O.s
approval at the Contractor's own expense

4.2.6

Crossing water courses

Where the pipeline crosses underneath streams, culverts and other water
courses, the Contractor shall be deemed to have allowed for all additional
measures necessary for the proper construction of the pipeline especially
maintaining the flow of water.

4.2.7

Backfilling of pipe trenches

4.2.7.1

After the pipe laying has been approved by the S.O. and before
the pipelines are tested, sufficient backfilling of the trenches will
be permitted to prevent "snaking" and to maintain the pipes in
position, but all joints shall be left exposed. In any other locality
where the trench may be filled with water and cause flotation of
the pipes, or elsewhere as may be decided by the S.O .the
backfilling shall follow the pipe alignment as closely as possible.

4.2.7.2

In backfilling pipe trenches, only approved materials free from

stones or rocks or other hard materials shall be carefully spread
along the trench bottom between the pipes and the trench walls
to a depth of about 150 mm and shall be hand rammed. Further
layers each of about 150 mm thick of the same materials shall
then be spread and rammed in the same manner up to the top
of the pipes. The remainder of the backfilling may consist of
coarse materials free from boulders and large earth clods. It
shall be placed in layers each of 150 mm thickness and hand or
mechanically rammed until the backfill is 300 mm above the top
of the pipes. The rest of the trench backfill shall be in layers
each of 300 mm thickness and compacted by a mechanical
vibrating tamper to finish off slightly proud of the surrounding
ground. The degree of compaction of each layer shall not be
less than 95 % of the dry density obtainable using the BS 1377
Compaction Test. The Contractor shall make good any
settlement to avoid formation of drains or gullies within the
refilled trenches.

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JKR MALAYSIA

4.2.8

4.2.9

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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4.2.7.3

Approved fill material to be used as backfill to the top of the

pipes shall be uniform low plasticity granular material. The
material shall be free from all organic or other materials subject
to decay. Highly plastic or expansive soils or clay shall not be
used. The filling material shall be readily compactable to its
maximum density and must not form mud, or otherwise
breakdown when wet.

4.2.7.4

Should the material being placed as fill or backfill while

acceptable at the time of selection, become unacceptable to the
S.O due to exposure to weather conditions or due to flooding or
have become puddled, soft or segregated during the progress
of the works, the Contractor shall, at his own expense, remove
such damaged, softened or segregated material and replaced it
with fresh approved material.

4.2.7.5

Where the pipeline crosses a road, approved sand shall be

used as fill material up to the road formation level.

Backfilling of excavations other than pipe trenches

4.2.8.1

Backfilling of all excavations shall not be carried out until the

Works therein have been inspected and approved by the S.O.
In backfilling excavations other than pipe trench excavations,
portions of the excavated materials may be used with the
approval of the S.O. Where required, approved materials shall
be brought to the site for backfilling works. The materials shall
be deposited and spread in layers of not more than 300 mm
deep, and each layer shall be thoroughly rammed by a
mechanical vibrating tamper or smooth wheel roller and
watered if required.

4.2.8.2

If so directed by the S.O., the backfilling shall be finished off

slightly proud of the surrounding ground to allow for settlement,
but the Contractor shall make good any settlement which may
occur during the construction of the Works and during the
Defects Liability Period of the Contract at his own expense.

Road reinstatement
4.2.9.1

Road reinstatement works shall be carried out by the Contractor

to a standard equivalent or superior to the road condition
existing prior to excavation and to the requirements of the
relevant road authority and approval of the S.O.

4.2.9.2

All backfilling shall be done by the Contractor with approved

sand. No organic soil, broken pre-mix or stones are to be used.
The sand shall be compacted in 225 mm layers. The degree of
compaction of each layer below the pavement course shall not
be less than 95 % of the dry density obtainable using the BS
1377 Compaction Test. The Contractor shall bear the cost of
such tests and shall make good any works which are found to
be unsatisfactory.

4.2.9.3

Sand material shall be deposited in layers on both sides of the

pipe simultaneously and thoroughly compacted and around the
pipe working alternately on either side of the pipe until the
trench has been filled up to the base course formation level.

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JKR MALAYSIA

4.3

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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4.2.9.4

The Contractor shall reinstate the road pavement by replacing,

in the proper sequence, any block or metalling removed, to the
requirements of the relevant road authority and the approval of
the S.O. The road surface shall be reinstated with new
materials of the type existing on site. Edges of the reinstated
road pavement shall be straight and neatly finished to match
the existing road to the satisfaction of the S.O.

4.2.9.5

In the absence of any written requirement, all reinstatement

works shall be carried out within 24 hours after backfilling.

4.2.9.6

If the Contractor fails to carry out the reinstatement to the

requirements of the relevant road authority and the satisfaction
of the S.O., the S.O. or the relevant authority may proceed with
such repairs and the cost of such reinstatement shall be
recouped by the S.O. from the Contractor.

Pipeworks
4.3.1

Handling and laying pipelines

All handling, laying and testing of pipelines shall comply to the latest
technical specifications from SPAN or other relevant standards and also to
the manufacturers requirements

4.3.2

Testing of pipelines
4.3.2.1

The Contractor shall provide all water required for filling, testing
and retesting the pipelines, and any pumps, pipework fittings
and pressure gauges required for the purpose.

4.3.2.2

Whenever a section (which shall not exceed 1000 m long in or

adjacent to roads, or not exceeding 2000 m long in open
ground) of any pipeline has been laid, jointed and part
backfilled as specified, it shall be prepared for testing by sealing
the open ends temporarily with stop ends. The stop ends shall
be of cast iron or steel. The stop end at the lower end of the
section of the pipeline shall be fitted with a valved inlet pipe for
use to fill the section of the pipeline with water and the stop end
at the higher end of the section of the pipeline shall be fitted
with a valved air release vent pipe. A pressure gauge shall be
connected to the valved inlet pipe. The pressure gauge shall
have a dial of not less than 150 mm dia. and graduated to read
up to 15 bars with 0.25 bar graduations. All pressure gauges
shall be tested by the S.O. before use, and provisions shall be
made for connecting the pressure gauge, if the S.O. so elects,
to the valved inlet pipe.

4.3.2.3

The stop ends shall be braced to the satisfaction of the S.O. to

withstand the end thrust which develops from water pressure.
All weight, thrust and anchor blocks intended to prevent the
vertical and lateral displacement of the pipes and specials shall
have been properly completed and have attained an adequate
strength before the tests are carried out. When gentle curves
are effected by deflection pipes these pipes shall be securely
packed with backfill to prevent movement.

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JKR MALAYSIA

4.3.3

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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4.3.2.4

The section of the pipeline to be tested shall be filled with water

of fair quality, free from sediment and from a source approved
by the S.O.. The water shall be introduced into the section of
the pipeline through the valved inlet in the stop end at the lower
end of the section. During filling, provision shall be made for the
air to escape from all high spots in the section by properly
installing all air valves and from the air released vent pipe in the
stop end at the higher end of the section.The pressure/strength
test shall be carried out first. Each section of the pipelines shall
be tested to a pressure of 16.0 bars head of water.

4.3.2.5

After the section of the pipeline has been filled with water for a
period of not less than seven (7) days, more water shall be
pumped into the section to raise the pressure slowly in
increments of 10 m head of water with pause of one minute
between each increment.

4.3.2.6

Should any appreciable drop in pressure be noted during one of

these pauses the test shall be stopped until the cause of the
pressure drop has been investigated and rectified. An engine
driven pump may be used until 55 m head pressure is attained,
and thereafter only a hand operated pump shall be used.

4.3.2.7

The pressure/strength test shall be considered to have been

passed when the pressure gauge shows no reduction in
pressure during the specified one minute pause and also during
the period of ten (10) minutes after full test pressure has been
attained. If these conditions are not satisfied a thorough
inspection of the section of the pipeline shall be made. All
defects shall be repaired and the test shall be repeated.

4.3.2.8

The leakage test shall then follow. The pressure shall be

reduced to 10.5 bars head of water and shall be maintained as
constant as possible for a period of 24 hours. Make-up water
shall be pumped into the section of the pipeline from time to
time to maintain this pressure. The leakage test shall be
considered to have been passed if the make-up water pumped
into the section of the pipeline does not exceed the allowable
leakage calculated as: 0.05 l/mm of internal diameter per
kilometer of pipe per 24 hours. If this specified rate of leakage
is exceeded a thorough inspection of the section of the pipeline
shall be made. All leaks discovered shall be repaired and the
section shall be tested again.

4.3.2.9

Every section pipeline shall be tested as described above in the

presence of the S.O. Testing may be carried out between sluice
valves but not against the gates of the sluice valves.

4.3.2.10

All permanent thrust block provided at bends shall be concreted

and sufficiently cured prior to permission being given for testing.
No temporary strutting or temporary bracing will be permitted in
lieu of the permanent thrust blocks as the tests are also to
subject these blocks to the transmitted pressures.

Flushing and disinfecting pipelines

When the final connections have been made and the pipeline has been
tested to the satisfaction of the S.O. it shall be thoroughly cleaned,
disinfected and flushed in sections by the Contractor. Water for this

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JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

No. Dokumen
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purpose shall be obtained from the Local Water Authority and the
Contractor shall pay all the charges incurred in connection therewith.
4.3.4

4.3.5

Non precast valve chambers

4.3.4.1

Valve chambers shall be constructed to the size shown on the

Drawings. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions on plan
shall be inside measurement. Manhole covers shall comply with
BS EN 124.

4.3.4.2

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings all manholes and

chambers shall be brickwork in cement mortar 1:2. The
brickwork shall be constructed on prescribed concrete mix
Grade 20P foundation unless shown otherwise. The
thicknesses and sizes shall be as shown on the Drawings. The
inside of the chambers and manholes shall be lined with 12mm
thick cement plaster (1:2). Externally, the exposed concrete or
block brick surfaces shall be plastered with 12 mm cement
mortar (1:2) and terminated 150mm below the finished ground
level. All internal angles shall be rounded off. Manholes and
chambers shall provided with precast concrete cover unless
otherwise specified on the Drawings. Approved typed wrought
iron steps shall be built into the brick wall of all manholes and
chambers of depth 2.0m or more and they shall be spaced not
more than 300mm apart projecting 100mm over face of wall.

Precast chambers
Precast valve chambers shall be as shown on the Drawings and in
accordance with SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS. Chamber covers
shall comply with BS EN 124.

4.3.6

Washout (scour valves location)

Washouts shall be constructed at locations specified in the Drawings or as
may be directed by the S.O. The washout branches shall be connected to
the pipeline by special washout tees and sluice valves. From the washout
sluice valves HDPE pipes shall be laid to the nearest drain or stream. The
discharge point shall be downstream.

4.3.7

Indicator post (pipe and valve markers)

The Contractor shall provide and fix indicator posts close to the centre line
of pipes, at valves, washout and other points as directed by the S.O. The
details of indicator posts are as shown on the Drawings.

4.3.8

Hot tapping
4.3.8.1

The Contractor shall submit a method statement as how to

conduct the hot tap that has been approved by the State Water
Authorities to the S.O. prior to commencement of the works.

4.3.8.2

Hot tapping shall only be done in the presence of the State

Water Authorities representative. The tapping mechanism shall
be of the self-purging type so that cutting chips are removed
from the tapping machine and do not enter the pipeline.

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4.3.9

4.4

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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4.3.8.3

All hot tap connections to existing pipelines, whether for

mainline extension or service laterals, shall be performed by an
authorised and qualified person.

4.3.8.4

The tapping machine shall be cleaned and disinfected prior to

attachment to the tapping valve and saddle.

Pipe jacking
4.3.9.1

Placement of pipe by boring or jacking methods requires

special S.O.s approval for each instance. The methods and
equipment used in boring and jacking operations shall be
optional to the contractor, provided that the S.O. reviews them
prior to any work.

4.3.9.2

The Contractor shall submit a method statement as how to

conduct the pipe jacking operation to the S.O. for approval.

External water storage tanks (factory fabricated tanks)

4.4.1

The Contractor shall supply a new tank reservoir from a manufacturer

specializing in the design, fabrication and erection of the approved water
storage tanks.

4.4.2

The type of tanks that may be supplied and installed shall be only from the
following type:

No

Product Name

Specified Conditions/ Requirements

Steel Tank with Lining

or Coating (Non
Corrugated Type)

Maximum capacity allowed for elevated tanks is 2.3 ML

(500,000 gallons) and for ground storage tanks is 3.4 ML
(750,000 gallons).

(Glass Fused/Glass
Coated/Epoxy
Lining/HDPE) Lining

Maximum height allowed is 5 m or 4 panels high whichever is

lower.
The minimum warranty period for the tank and sealant / lining
shall be 10 years.
The minimum thickness of PE/HDPE lining shall be 2.0 mm.

Cylindrical Steel Tank

- Double Fold System

Maximum capacity allowed is 4.5 ML (1,000,000 gallons).

Maximum height allowed is 5 m.
The minimum warranty period for the tank and sealant / lining
shall be ten (10) years.

Polyethylene Storage
Tanks
(PE Storage Tanks)

4.4.3

Tanks shall have interlocking mechanisms.

Tanks shall only be allowed up to 3,785.4 L (1,000 gallons)
capacity only. Multiple tanks on one tower structure shall be
strictly not allowed.

The tank shown on the Drawings and specified herein shall be fabricated,
supplied and installed by a manufacturer with a valid registration with
SPAN.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

No. Dokumen
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Tarikh
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L/10

4.4.4

Installation of the tank shall be by the tank manufacturer or approved

installer appointed by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall be fully
responsible for entire installation including tank erection, and the ultimate
water tightness of the complete installation. Notwithstanding the above, the
Contractor shall be fully responsible for the entire installation and
completion of the final product.

4.4.5

Construction shall be governed by the

specifications showing general dimensions

4.4.6

The water tank inclusive of all associated pipeworks shall be cleaned on

completion, tested for watertightness and disinfected before it is
commissioned.

Contract

Drawings

and

5. Internal Cold Water And Sanitary Plumbing System

5.1

The installation of the abovementioned system shall comply with JKR 20500-001010 Standard Technical Specification for Internal Cold Water and Sanitary Plumbing
System or the latest edition published by JKR.

5.2

All water supply plumbing and installation shall be executed in accordance with the
relevant state water supply rules and to the approval of the state water authority /
SPAN, notwithstanding any approval given by the S.O.

5.3

Technical Specification of Sanitary Plumbing System. All the workmanship and

material for the supply, installation, testing & commissioning of all equipment and
accessories for sanitary plumbing system shall comply with the following rules and
regulation requirements:
(i)

Drainage, Sanitation and Sanitary Plumbing By-laws of the proposed Street,

Drainage and Building Act 1974; and

(ii)

Gravity Drainage Systems Inside Buildings, BS EN 12056:

a)
b)
c)

Part 1
Part 2
Part 5

: General and Performance Requirements.

: Sanitary Pipework, Layout and Calculation.
: Installation and Testing, Instructions for Operation,
Maintenance and Use.

(iii) CP For Design and Installation Of Sewerage System, MS 1228; and

(iv) Local Authority By-laws in force at time of installation; and
(v)

Other relevant standards.

6. Sanitary Fittings
6.1

Fittings
6.1.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all fittings including all

necessary brackets and accessories shall be as scheduled in APPENDIX
L/1 hereinafter. The Contractor shall be responsible for determining the
type of trap required for each fitting. All necessary concrete backing shall
be provided to fittings secured to floors.

6.1.2

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the colour of sanitary ware shall
be in white.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

JKR MALAYSIA

6.2

6.3

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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L/11

Vanity Tops
6.2.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, a minimum thickness of 12 mm

vanity tops of approved manufacture and colour shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions. It shall be moulded as
one solid piece with its top sloping gently towards the wash hand basin
and having a slight upturn or kerb as its outer edges including backsplash
to prevent water damage to wall and vanity back.

6.2.2

It shall be manufactured from non-porous composite product composed of

polyester resin and calcium carbonate marble dust with the permanence of
stone and an aesthetic appeal of natural marble or granite. The slab
surface shall have a glossy finish, and protected by suitable polymer to
ensure durability and impermeability. It shall be stain and chemical
resistant, and UV stabilised.

Type Of Sanitary Fittings And Description

6.3.1

Unless otherwise shown or/and specified in the Drawings, the sanitary

fittings shall be of the following:
(i)

All sanitary fittings shall be of white in colour, from an approved

manufacturer, generally ensuite and complete with all necessary
fittings.
(ii) Waste and bath overflows, chains and stays, shall be chromium
plated brass to BS EN 274 Part 1-3.
(iii) Taps and combination tap assemblies shall be chromium plated brass
to BS EN 200.
6.4

Wash Basin
6.4.1

Unless otherwise specified, wash basin shall be 600 mm x 410 mm x 200

mm earthenware plain edge sink in white fireclay complete with chromium
plated tap, blank tap hole stopper, 30 mm p trap with 40 mm seal, waste
fittings, plug with chain and painted bracket supports to S.O.s approval.

6.4.2

Where shown wash basins shall be to MS 147 of the following types as

specified:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Under counter basin with overflow.

Wall hung basin with or without pedestal as specified.
Semi-recessed basin with or without overflow as specified.
Counter top basin with or without overflow as specified.
Handicap basin.

JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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L/12
APPENDIX L/1

SCHEDULE OF SANITARY FITTINGS

No.

Item

Wash Basin

Description
(i)

Wash basin for domestic purposes shall be 560 mm x 410 mm

in
approved colour vitreous china complete with chromium plated tap, blank
tap hole stopper, 30 mm p trap with 40 mm seal, waste fittings with
chrome-plated brass pop up waste and painted bracket supports.

(ii) Clinical wash hand basins shall be wall hung vitreous type and not less
than 600 mm in width complete with a wall mounted 175 mm long elbow
action lever mixer with premix function. Clinical wash hand basins shall not
have any overflow outlet, soap recess nor basin plug.

Vanity tops

(i)

Vanity top as specified, with integrated sink as shown in the Drawings,

complete with chromium-plated tap, blank tap hole stopper, 30 mm p trap
with 40 mm seal, waste fittings with chrome-plated brass pop up waste.

(ii) Vanity top as specified, but with holes pre-punched to receive an undercounter vanity basin and tap respectively, as shown in the Drawings,
complete with 555 mm x 415 mm under-counter vanity basin in vitreous
china, complete with chromium-plated tap, 30mm p trap with 40mm seal,
waste fittings with chrome-plated brass pop up waste and painted bracket
supports.

Sinks

(i)

915 mm x 460 mm, single bowl single drainer stainless steel sinks shall be
to BS 1244, stainless steel grade 304 (0.8 to 0.9 mm) minimum thick, with
satin finish to the size and configuration shown on the drawings with
overflow and sound deadening pads under the sink and drainers.

(ii) Metal sinks in stainless steel to size and shape as shown in the Drawings,
complete with chromium plated tap as required, 40 mm waste water outlet,
chrome-plated brass pop up waste and painted mild steel frames support.

Water closet

(i)

Unless otherwise specified, water closet shall be pedestal closet in white

vitreous china conforming to MS 1522 complete with pedestal pan, p trap
and ventilation outlet, plastic hinged seat and rubber buffers.

(ii) Squatting closet in white vitreous china conforming to MS 1522 complete

with pair of raised foot treads in white fire clay with p trap and 40mm
diameter uPVC flush pipe.

Urinal

(i)

Single urinal bowl in white vitreous china conforming to MS 1799 and MS

147 complete with back inlets, hangers and steadying brackets, 40 mm
outlet with hinged gratings and 50 mm uPVC waste pipe, chromium plated
flush pipes and spreaders to suit the number of appliances.

(ii) Urinal range of 2 or more bowls as (a) but with white vitreous china division
between bowls.

Cistern for
Water Closet

(i) Single flush 6 litres or dual-flush 6/3 liters low level vitreous china.
(ii) Cistern conforming to MS 795 with 40 mm flush pipe, water inlet valve, 20
mm diameter overflow for discharge externally and chrome flushing lever
handle.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS

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L/13

(iii) 6 litres high level vitreous china cistern conforming to MS 795 with 40 mm
flush pipe, water inlet valve, 20mm diameter overflow for discharge
externally and chromed lever handle.

(iv) Each flush cistern for w/c shall be tested as stipulated in the requirements
of MS 795.

Cistern for
urinal

Single flush 2.5 litres urinal flushing cistern in white vitreous china conforming to
MS 795 complete with chromium plated flushing inlet pipe, 20 mm diameter
overflow for discharge externally and chrome lever handle.

Flush valve
for Water
Closet

(i)

Unless specified, W/C flush valve shall be low pressure single flush 6 litres
gravity flush water closet valve. It shall have a non-hold-open feature or an
automatic shut-off system.

(ii) Vacuum Breaker is optional, only applicable to w/c flush valves intended to
be connected to direct potable water mains. Its performance requires
proper match of valve and w/c pan conforming to MS 1522.
(iii) Each flush valve shall be made of metal (preferably copper alloy) and
corrosion resistant. All exposed surfaces to the users shall be chromed
plated or made of stainless steel.

Flush valve
for urinal

(i)

Urinal flush valve shall be Single flush 2.5 litres gravity flush valve. urinal It
shall have a non-hold-open feature or an automatic shut-off system.

(ii) Each urinal flush valve shall be made of metal (preferably copper alloy) and
corrosion resistant. All exposed surfaces to the users shall be chromed
plated or made of stainless steel.

10

Shower
fittings

Shower fittings shall be approved chromium plated brass easy clean valve, with
3 diameter shower face and Chromium plated stainless steel grade 304 arm.

11

All types of
taps

All types of taps shall be approved chromium plated brass conforming to BS EN

200.

12

Hand Bidet

Bidet shall be chromium plated copper alloy nozzle, 1.2 m heavy duty double
interlock stainless steel grade 304 flexible hose, chromium plated ABS plastic
wall hanger and quarter turn angle valve.

13

Sanitary
appliances

(i)

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, the sanitary

appliances shall be:
a)
b)
c)

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Floor trap, Robe Hook, Towel Rail, Safety Grab Bar and Handicap
Safety Grab Bar shall be in stainless steel grade 304 chrome plated.
Soap Dispenser shall be in uPVC (LEAD FREE).
Soap holder and toilet roll holder shall be in white earthenware
(ceramic).

JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION L : WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND
SANITARY FITTINGS
BLANK PAGE

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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L/14

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION M : RAINWATER COLLECTION
PAGE
1. Rainwater Goods
2. Rainwater Harvesting System
3. Testing and Commissioning

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

M/1
M/4
M/5

SECTION M : RAINWATER
COLLECTION
JKR MALAYSIA

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M/1

1. Rainwater Goods
1.1

1.2

Flashing
1.1.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, all flashing shall be of aluminium

zinc alloy coated steel sheet, free from cracks, dross, scales, excess
blisters and any other defects which might be detrimental to its wearing or
working properties. Sheets shall be reasonably flat before forming and
cutting.

1.1.2

All steel sheets used for flashing shall be 0.8 mm thick minimum. Flashing
shall have a minimum depth of 200 mm with the upper edge turned into the
wall and pointed in cement or approved sealant. Where nails or screws are
used for fixing, they shall be of the heavily galvanized type.

1.1.3

All fasteners to be concealed where possible. Install work with laps, joints
and seams that will be permanently watertight and weatherproof. All laps
shall be at a minimum of 200 mm. The flashing work shall be performed by
skilled workmen.

1.1.4

All fasteners used near marine environment shall comply with AS 3566
Class 4 and be certified as such by the supplier of fasteners and to the
approval of the S.O.

1.1.5

All fixings and associated components near marine environment shall be

manufactured from compatible metals and coated conforming to ISO 9223
Category 4 (C4) and Category 5 (C5) environment. Flashings shall be
made from the same material as the roofing sheets.

Gutters
1.2.1

General
1.2.1.1

Where gutters are to be provided they shall conform to the

shape, dimensions and materials shown on the Drawings, free
from distortions and defects detrimental to water-tight system.
All gutters shall be provided and fixed complete with all
necessary angles, squares and obtuse, stop end, outlets and
other necessary gutter fittings and to be supplied by the same
manufacturer unless otherwise shown on the Drawings.

1.2.1.2

Gutter outlets shall be located at the position shown in the

Drawings and each provided with leaf trap of the same material
unless otherwise specified.

1.2.1.3

All gutters other than those of reinforced concrete shall be

properly fixed and adequately supported and all necessary
brackets shall be provided. Brackets shall be of the type and
pattern that will confirm to the profile of the gutter and unless
otherwise as shown on the Drawings, shall be of galvanized
steel screwed to the fascia.

1.2.1.4

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the gutter shall be

uPVC and shall be laid to a minimum fall of 12 mm in 1 m with
properly constructed laps or joints laid in the direction of flow.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION M : RAINWATER
COLLECTION
JKR MALAYSIA

1.2.2

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M/2

Aluminium gutters
1.2.2.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all gutter linings,

valley and eaves gutter shall be of aluminium and shall conform
to the following sizes:
(i)

Gutter lining: 1.2 mm thick, 225 mm minimum depth

against walls, 330 mm minimum width under roofing, to a
fall of 50 mm in 3 m.
(ii) Valley Gutter: 1.2 mm thick, turned under roofing 330 mm
minimum each side
(iii) Eaves Gutter: 1.2 mm thick jointed using soldered seams
neatly and accurately executed.
1.2.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4

Gutter linings and valley gutters shall be laid on 25 mm thick

close timber boarding adequately supported.

Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) gutters

1.2.3.1

Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride gutters shall be lead free

conforming to BS EN 607: 2004 for gutter profiles and fittings
and BS EN 1462:2004 (Lead Free) for the gutter brackets. All
gutters and fittings shall be installed as recommended by the
manufacturer with a product warranty as approved by the S.O.

1.2.3.2

The gutter shall be jointed using solvent cement conforming to

MS628:Pt.2 and in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions. Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings,
expansion outlets shall be provided for the gutter as
recommended by the gutter manufacturer and as approved by
the S.O.

Galvanized Iron (G.I) gutters

1.2.4.1

All gutters shall be supplied by specialized manufacturers

approved by the S.O. Each section shall be sufficiently rigid,
edges and corners straight and the slopes perfectly uniform.
G.I. gutters shall have the edges strengthened by suitable
means.

1.2.4.2

Unless otherwise specified, the gutters shall have a minimum

fall of 1 in 120. Adequate number of support brackets shall be
provided so that there is no deflection even when the gutter is
at full capacity. Each joint must have a support. Unless
otherwise specified the supports shall be fabricated M.S.
brackets. All junctions shall be thoroughly watertight. The joints
may be made by riveting, bolting or soldering.

1.2.4.3

All joints between successive lengths of gutters shall have on

overlap of at least 75 mm. The drop in the overlap shall always
be in the direction of the fall of the gutter. Ends of gutters shall
be closed watertight. Junction with rainwater down comers shall
be made fully watertight and secured.

1.2.4.4

Gutters for marine environment shall be pre-painted finish with

metallic coated steel with
minimum aluminium/zinc alloy
coating mass of 200g/ m (Coating Class AZ 200) conforming to
ISO 9223 Category 4 (C4) and Category 5 (C5) environment.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION M : RAINWATER
COLLECTION
JKR MALAYSIA

1.2.5

1.3

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M/3

Stainless Steel gutters

1.2.5.1

Where shown on the Drawings, the stainless steel grade shall

be in Grade 304 for normal atmosphere and Grade 316 for
atmosphere with a high chloride content (e.g. near the sea, or
in heavily industrialized areas) with standard bright mill finish.

1.2.5.2

Unless otherwise specified, the gutters shall have a minimum

fall of 1:120. Adequate number of support brackets shall be
provided so that there is no deflection even when the gutter is
full capacity. Each joint must have a support. Unless otherwise
specified the support brackets shall be of the same material. All
junctions shall be thoroughly watertight. The joints may be
made by riveting, bolting or soldering.

1.2.5.3

All joints between successive lengths of gutters shall have on

overlap of at least 75 mm. The drop in the overlap shall always
be in the direction of the fall of the gutter. Ends of gutters shall
be closed watertight. Junction with rainwater down comers shall
be made fully watertight and secured.

Rainwater Downpipes
1.3.1

1.3.2

General
1.3.1.1

All downpipes shall be provided complete with all necessary

fittings including rainwater heads, rainwater shoes, radius,
bends, pipe clips, offsets, leaf trap and everything else
required.

1.3.1.2

Outlets in flat roof and balcony connected to downpipe shall be

provided with an approved uPVC, or stainless steel grating.
Outlet shall be neatly dressed including sealing as necessary
prior to applying asphalt prime flanges of roof outlet with
bitumen or proprietary roofing waterproofing material to
manufacture recommendation and as approved by the S.O.

Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) downpipes

1.3.2.1

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, uPVC downpipes

and fittings shall be lead free and comply with BS EN 122001:2000. The pipes shall be jointed with approved solvent
cement in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

1.3.2.2

Where shown, approved circular uPVC downpipes shall comply

with BS EN 1329-1:2000. The pipes shall be jointed with
approved solvent cement in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.

1.3.2.3

Where shown, approved uPVC pipes cast inside Reinforced

Concrete Columns/Buried Underground, the downpipes shall
comply with BS EN ISO 1452-2:2009 (heavy duty type). The
pipes shall be jointed with approved solvent cement in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

1.3.2.4

Where shown, uPVC downpipes installed to side of walls or

brick walls shall be fixed using special clips supplied by the
gutter manufacturer. Pipe clips shall be installed at every 1.8 m
interval along the downpipes.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION M : RAINWATER
COLLECTION
JKR MALAYSIA

1.3.2.5

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M/4

Where shown, uPVC downpipe fixed to concrete soffit or

suspended slab shall include approved hot dip galvanized steel
hangers, installed to manufacturers recommendation and to
S.O.s approval.

2. Rainwater Harvesting System

2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

2.4.

General
2.1.1.

Rainwater harvesting system shall be provided complete with catchment

area including all necessary accessories as specified and shown on the
Drawings.

2.1.2.

Harvested rainwater shall be strictly used for non-potable uses only. Non
potable may include landscape irrigation, exterior washing and flushing of
toilets.

2.1.3.

The design and installation of the rainwater harvesting system shall be in

accordance to Rainwater Harvesting Guidebook and MSMA by Jabatan
Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS).

Pre Filtration
2.2.1.

Pre filtration is required to keep sediment, leaves, contaminants and other

debris from the system and to significantly cut down on maintenance by
preventing organic build up in the storage tank.

2.2.2.

All pre filtration devices may include the first-flush diversion systems, filters
and screens designed to remove debris and dust from the captured
rainwater before storage tank and should be of low maintenance.

Filter (If Applicable)

2.3.1.

Where specified or shown on the Drawings, the filter shall be provided to

remove suspended pollutants from the captured rainwater for flushing and
non-potable use.

2.3.2.

A filter unit system consists of a chamber and shall be filled with filtering
media such as carbon fibre, coarse sand and gravel layers to remove
debris and dirt from rainwater before it enters the storage tank. The
selection and type of filtering media shall be to the S.O.s approval.

Storage Tank
2.4.1.

2.5.

The Contractor shall provide rainwater harvesting storage tank as shown

on the Drawings and as described under SECTION L: WATER
RETICULATION, INTERNAL PLUMBING SYSTEM AND SANITARY
FITTINGS.

Water Backup
2.5.1.

The water backup system from the main water supply shall be provided to
supply water when rainwater is not available in the rainwater tank

2.5.2.

Any service pipe conveying potable to top-up a rain water tank containing
non-potable water shall have a backflow preventer of the dual check valve
type; and the service pipe shall terminate at least 255 mm above the
overflow level of the rainwater tank.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION M : RAINWATER
COLLECTION
JKR MALAYSIA

2.6.

2.7.

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M/5

Piping Works
2.6.1.

The Contractor shall provide pipe works as shown on the Drawings and as
described under SECTION L: WATER RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND SANITARY FITTINGS.

2.6.2.

There shall be no cross connection between non-potable and potable

water distribution system within the buildings.

2.6.3.

Taps and outlets for non-potable water shall be clearly identified as Not
For Drinking Purposes.

Pumping System (If Applicable)

2.7.1.

Where shown on the Drawings, the Contractor shall provide a pumping

system as described in SECTION L: WATER RETICULATION, INTERNAL
PLUMBING SYSTEM AND SANITARY FITTINGS.

2.7.2.

The Contractor shall supply and install electrical motors, starters and
electrical switchboard for the pumping system as described in VOLUME 2:
ELECTRICAL WORKS.

3. Testing And Commissioning

3.1.

On completion of the rainwater harvesting system installation, the Contractor shall

notify the S.O that they are ready for inspection, testing and commissioning.

3.2.

The Contractor shall carry out testing and commissioning to the S.O.s approval as
described in SECTION L: WATER RETICULATION, INTERNAL PLUMBING
SYSTEM AND SANITARY FITTINGS.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION M : RAINWATER
COLLECTION
JKR MALAYSIA

BLANK PAGE

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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M/6

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION N: GLAZING WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

General
Sealants
Glazing
Glazing Work To Timber Frames
Glazing Work To Metal Frames
Glazing Works To Louvred Window
Glazing To UPVC Frame
Frameless Glazing
Glazing Works To Patented Windows, Doors, Panels And Sky Lights.
Fixing Of Glass Blocks
Cleaning Upon Completion

N/1
N/1
N/1
N/1
N/2
N/2
N/2
N/2
N/3
N/3
N/3

APPENDIX N/1 :

N/4

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Schedule Of Glass

SECTION N : GLAZING WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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N/1

1. General
1.1.

Generally, all glass shall conform to MS 1135 and shall be free from bubbles,
specks and other defects. Samples shall be submitted for the approval of the S.O.

1.2.

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, the type and minimum
thickness of glass shall be as stated in the Schedule of Glass in APPENDIX N/1.

2. Sealants
2.1.

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, sealants shall be silicone, rubber or

other approved type applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

2.2.

Joint sealant for aluminium profile shall be of silicone, polyurethane, polysulphide or

other equivalent suitable for its intended use.

2.3.

Joint sealant for uPVC profile shall be of silicone, polyurethane, polysulphide,

ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
or other equivalent suitable for its intended use.

2.4.

Joint sealant for non-structural use in building shall be and approved type and shall
comply with BS EN 15651-2.

2.5.

Joint sealant for structural use in building shall be an approved type and shall
comply with BS EN 13022.

3. Glazing
3.1.

All doors and windows, et cetera except louver windows shall be glazed as shown
on the Drawings or the Schedule of Doors and Windows.

3.2.

All glass shall be cut to size with 2 mm clearance all around the rebates. All
exposed edges glass panes shall be rounded off.

3.3.

All glazing works shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the manufacturers
instruction.

3.4.

Figured or textured glass surface for windows shall be installed facing the interior.

4. Glazing Work To Timber Frames

4.1.

The grooves and rebates to be glazed shall first be cleaned, primed with wood
primer, painted with one coat of oil paint and allowed to dry, followed by the
application of a thin bed of putty or synthetic sealant.

4.2.

The glass panes shall then be properly placed and secured in the grooves or
rebates with timber beadings as detailed in the Drawings.

4.3.

Where the glass panes is to be secured with putty or synthetic sealants, the glass
shall be placed and held in the grooves or rebates with approved sprigs driven at
intervals of not exceeding 300 mm centres. The glass shall then be finally secured
with back-putty or sealants finished true to profile or as detailed in the Drawings.

4.4.

Installation of timber frames for doors and windows shall refer to SECTION H:
TIMBER, JOINERY AND IRONMONGERY WORKS.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION N : GLAZING WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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29 Januari 2014
N/2

5. Glazing Work To Metal Frames

5.1.

The grooves and rebates to be glazed shall first be cleaned of rust and primed with
an approved metal primer and allowed to dry, followed by the application of a thin
bed of glazing putty or sealant. The glass panes shall then be placed and secured in
the grooves and rebates with metal, aluminium beadings or neoprene rubber in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions or as detailed in the Drawings.

5.2.

Where the glass panes is to be secured with putty, the panes shall be placed and
held in the grooves or rebates with spring clips sets in holes in the frame. The glass
shall then be finally secured with back-putty or synthetic sealants finished true to
profile or as detailed in the Drawings.

5.3.

Installation of metal frames for doors and windows shall refer to SECTION J:
STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METAL WORKS.

6. Glazing Works To Louvred Window

6.1.

The glass blades for fixed louvred window shall be properly housed in the grooves
of the timber frames and secured in position with timber beadings as shown on the
Drawings.

6.2.

In the case of adjustable louvred windows, the louvred frames shall be fixed on to
the vertical members of the window frame and secured with 20 mm long dome
headed galvanized screws fixed at 200 mm centres. The louvre blades shall then be
inserted and secured in the flanged clips, all in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions.

6.3.

The position of handles shall be as shown on the Drawings.

7. Glazing To UPVC Frame

7.1.

Generally, all glazing work to uPVC frame shall conform to BS EN 12608. All
glazing works shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions.

7.2.

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, the frame shall be fitted at least 10 mm
inwards from the outside edge of the face of the brickwork. It is essential that the
windows are installed true and square by measuring the windows diagonals after
the installation.

7.3.

The gap between the window frame sill and brickwork shall be sealed with silicone
sealant as approved by the S.O.

8. Frameless Glazing
8.1.

Where shown, approved frameless glazing must conform to BS 5234, BS 6180 and
BS 6399.

8.2.

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the jointing method for frameless glazing
shall be strictly in accordance to the manufacturers instructions.

8.3.

The Contractor shall submit method statement for the fixing and installation of the
frameless glazing system for the S.O.s approval.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION N : GLAZING WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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9. Glazing Works To Patented Windows, Doors, Panels And Sky Lights.

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the installation and glazing of patented windows,
doors, roof-lights, etc. shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

10. Fixing Of Glass Blocks

10.1. Unless otherwise specified the size of the glass blocks shall be 190 mm x 190 mm x
80 mm and approved by the S.O. The glass blocks shall be laid butt-jointed in
cement and sand mortar (1:4) by volume.
10.2. Before the first course is laid, the base to receive the glass blocks shall be coated
with an approved bitumen emulsion or similar material.
10.3. Each panel of the glass blocks shall have a clearance of 13 mm at sides and top
with surrounding structure. The clearance shall be filled with non-hardening
compound and finished with detailed in the Drawings or as approved by the S.O.
10.4. Approved expanded metal reinforcement shall be provided at every forth course.
Unless otherwise or specified in the Drawings, all joints between the blocks shall be
pointed with white cement and the exposed areas of the non-hardening compound
shall be painted to match the surrounding structure.

11. Cleaning Upon Completion

After installation, the fabricator shall remove any excess sealants, caulking, putty and other
misplaced materials from all surfaces including adjacent work. The window frame and glass
shall be cleaned thoroughly as recommended by the manufacturers. Cracked or defective
panes shall be replaced to the approval of the S.O.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION N : GLAZING WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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APPENDIX N/1

SCHEDULE OF GLASS

No.

Type of Glass

Minimum
Glass
Thickness
(mm)

1.

Clear Float Glass

2.

Tinted Float Glass

3.

Clear Figured
(obscured) Glass

Grey/Tinted Figured
Glass

Toughened/Tempered
Glass

4.

5.
6.

Laminated Glass
6

7.

8.

Wired Glass
i. Clear & Polished
ii. Figured and
Translucent
Lead Glass
Laminated crystal
clear glass with
minimum 2 mm
thick lead sheeting
sandwiched in
between.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

Application
External use windows and doors
Interior framed glass screens, partitions
Display windows, showcases, display
shelves
Furniture: Table-tops
External use on windows and doors
Interior framed glass screens, partitions
Display windows, showcases, display
shelves
Furniture: Table-tops
Windows
Furniture, display bases, house fittings,
partitions etc.
Decoration eg. Front doors, display etc.
Windows
Furniture, display bases, house fittings,
partitions etc.
Decoration eg. Front doors, display etc.
Furniture, interior decorations, table tops,
showcases, partitions etc.
Skylights, glass roofs and the like
Animal observatory windows & aquariums
High security places eg. Burglar resistant
showcases and the like.
Places where safety necessary eg.
Verandah side panels and the like.
Places where safety and security are
important.
X-Ray rooms

9 mm
total thickness

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION O: PAINTING WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

General
Painting To Timberwork
Painting To Metalwork
Painting To Masonry Work
Treatment To Fair Face Surfaces
Epoxy Coatings
Silicone Paint
Painting On Floor Surfaces
Painting To Timber-based Products
Painting To Gypsum Board and The Like
Painting To Laboratory Bench Tops
Varnishing
Painting Works For Buildings In Coastal Areas.
Painting Works To Clinical Areas (Hygienic Areas)
Completion Of Painting Works

O/1
O/2
O/2
O/3
O/4
O/4
O/4
O/4
O/5
O/5
O/6
O/6
O/6
O/7
O/7

APPENDIX O/1: Paint Performance Warranty (Specimen)

O/8

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SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

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1. General
1.1

All paints to be used shall be those supplied by approved manufacturers. The

quality of paints shall comply with MS 125 in respect of oil/enamel paints and MS
134 in respect of emulsion paints/acrylic paint.

1.2

Prior to commencing painting work, the Contractor shall submit the following to the
S.O.:
(i)

Name of the paint manufacturer and the manufacturers certification that the
paint conform to the relevant standard as specified in sub-section 1.1 hereof
together with the proof that such certification have been verified by tests
carried out by SIRIM or ISO in the last three (3) years.
(ii) The performance warranty by the manufacturer to the Government on the
performance of the paint against any peeling, cracking, fungus/ algae growth
and discoloration which may arise during a period of five (5) years or more
from the date of practical completion due to insufficiency in material or
workmanship. The terms of the performance warranty shall be as stipulated in
APPENDIX O/1 and as approved by the S.O.
(iii) Name of the painting applicator as approved by the paint manufacturer
including written evidence of the current approval.
(iv) A copy of the method statement including procedure for the painting works in
accordance with these specification and manufacturers instructions.

1.3

All paints shall be delivered to the Site in the manufacturer's original sealed
containers unopened and shall be used strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

1.4

Paints shall not be adulterated and any paint that has deteriorated shall not be used
and shall be removed from the Site forthwith.

1.5

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, the types of paints to be sued for the
work on exposed surfaces shall be as stated in the `Schedule of Paint Finish
attached hereinafter.

1.6

The colours and tints of paints shall be selected by the S.O. and the priming,
undercoats and finishing coats shall be of approved differing tints and shall be
obtained from the same manufacturer.

1.7

No painting shall be done under conditions which may jeopardize the quality of
finish paintwork.

1.8

During painting, care shall be taken to prevent stain or damage to other works.

1.9

Surfaces to be painted shall be dry, free from dirt, oil, grease, old loose paint and
other deleterious matter. All cracks shall be raked out and stopped and all holes and
dents shall be filled.

1.10

Unless otherwise specified in the manufacturers instructions, each coat of paint

applied on timber or metal surfaces shall be allowed to dry and subsequently rubbed
down lightly with sandpaper before the next coat is applied. Any dirt or dust shall be
removed from preceding coats immediately before proceeding with application of
the next coat.

1.11

All priming to shop fabricated components shall be done at shop.

1.12

All prime surfaces shall be inspected and approved by the S.O. before
commencement of painting works.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

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1.13

Finish surfaces shall be uniform in finish and colour and be free from brush marks or
other defects.

1.14

Sample areas showing all tints of paints to be used shall be prepared by the
Contractor as and when required by the S.O.

2. Painting To Timberwork
2.1

2.2

Painting To New Timberwork

2.1.1

Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, all exposed wrot surfaces of

timber shall be painted as specified hereinafter.

2.1.2

Before painting to new timberwork, all knots shall be covered with knotting
and all nail holes, cracks, et cetera shall be stopped with white lead and
putty (1:3) and shall be primed with aluminium wood primer well brushed in.

2.1.3

Unless otherwise specified, the prepared surface shall be painted with one
undercoat (alkyd undercoat) and shall be finished with two coats of premium
semi-gloss fungus resisting alkyd paint or three (3) coats UV protection, low
odour alkyd wood finish.

2.1.4

Timber decks shall be applied with three coats of scratch resistant, UV

protection, fast drying low odour urethane alkyd wood finish. Each
preceding coat shall be allowed to dry thoroughly and rubbed down lightly
with fine sand paper and thoroughly cleaned before applying the next coat.

2.1.5

All timber surfaces abutting concrete or brickwork shall be primed before

fixing or assembling.

2.1.6

All ironmongeries except hinges shall be removed before painting begins

and shall be carefully re-fixed.

Repainting Existing Timberwork

Where repainting to existing timber work is specified, the following procedure shall
be adhered to. If the surface is intact, it shall be rubbed down with fine sand paper
to the approval of the S.O. Then one coat of undercoat shall be applied followed by
two (2) coats of gloss enamel paint unless otherwise specified. Where cracking and
flaking have occurred, the entire existing paint shall be removed by burning off or by
use of paint remover as approved by the S.O. The surfaces shall then be thoroughly
cleaned and shall be applied with one coat minimum wood primer followed by one
(1) undercoat and unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, shall be finished with
two (2) coats of gloss enamel paint.

3. Painting To Metalwork
3.1

Painting New Steel And Ironwork

The areas to be painted shall be cleaned down and be free from rust, scale, oil,
grease, dirt and dust. One (1) coat of approved metallic primer shall be applied
followed by one (1) coat of premium alkyd undercoat unless specified, and shall be
finished with two (2) finishing coats of gloss/semi-gloss fungus resisting alkyd paint.
Soil and vent pipes shall be primed as above and given two (2) coats of approved
bituminous paint.

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SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

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3.2

3.3

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Repainting Existing Steel And Ironwork

3.2.1

Where repainting to existing steel or ironwork is stated in the Drawings, the

following procedure shall be adhered to. Where a firm surface exists, it shall
be scuffed with fine sand paper to the approval of the S.O. and spot primed
if necessary before the application of by one (1) coat of premium alkyd
undercoat unless specified, and shall be finished with two (2) finishing coats
of gloss/semi-gloss fungus resisting alkyd or gloss enamel paint.

3.2.2

If the old paint is in a bad, deteriorated condition the whole paint shall be
removed by the use of approved paint remover or by scraping as approved
by the S.O. The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned and shall be applied
with one coat approved metallic primer, by one (1) coat of premium alkyd
undercoat unless specified, and shall be finished with two (2) finishing coats
of gloss/semi-gloss fungus resisting alkyd or gloss enamel paint.

Painting New Galvanized Ironwork

Where painting to new galvanized ironwork is specified, the surfaces shall be
applied with one coat of approved self-etching quick drying metallic primer unless
otherwise specified, and shall be finished with two finishing coats of gloss/semigloss fungus resisting alkyd paint or gloss enamel paint.

3.4

Repainting Existing Galvanized Ironwork

3.4.1

Where repainting to existing galvanized ironwork is specified, the following

procedure shall be adhered to. If the surface is not corroded, it shall be
slightly sanded and all dirts, oil, and grease removed by washing with an
approved solvent and applied with one (1) coat of approved metallic primer
unless otherwise specified, shall be finished with two (2) finishing coats of
gloss/semi-gloss fungus resisting alkyd paint or gloss enamel paint. If the
surface has corroded, the whole paint shall be removed by the use of
approved paint remover or by scraping as approved by S.O.

3.4.2

When the surface is completely clean, it shall be applied with one coat
approved metallic primer, unless otherwise specified, shall be finished with
two finishing coats of gloss/semi-gloss fungus resisting alkyd paint or gloss
enamel paint.

4. Painting To Masonry Work

4.1

Painting New Plastered/Masonry Surfaces

4.1.1

The new plastered or masonry surfaces shall be allowed to dry completely

and shall be cleaned down to remove dust, dirt, plaster splashes, and the
like. In case of old unpainted walls, all fungus, mosses, lichens and
vegetative growth shall also be removed.

4.1.2

The cleaned surfaces of the external walls shall be applied with one coat of
approved alkaline resisting primer and unless otherwise specified in the
Drawings, followed with two (2) coats of ultra-violet (UV) weather resistant
emulsion paint.

4.1.3

The external wall surfaces shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved
alkaline resisting primer, unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, followed
with two (2) coats of 100% acrylic with heat reflective and UV protected, and
temperature reduction weather resistant emulsion paint for Green Ratings
Certification as approved by the S.O.

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SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

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4.1.4

4.2

4.3

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The internal wall surfaces shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved
modified acrylic sealer, and unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings,
followed with two (2) coats of low VOC acrylic paint.

Repainting Existing Plastered Or Masonry Surfaces

4.2.1

Where repainting to existing plastered or the masonry surface is specified,

the following procedure shall be adhered to. All existing paint shall be
removed by scraping and the surface shall be washed. All cracks and other
imperfections shall be made good and the surface should be allowed to dry
completely.

4.2.2

The surface shall then be applied with two (2) coats of any other type of
water based emulsion paint as described hereinbefore for Painting New
Plastered/Masonry Surfaces and as approved by the S.O.

Textured Wall
4.3.1

Natural Spray Granite textured wall shall be applied with one (1) coat of
approved alkaline resisting acrylic primer, unless otherwise stated in the
Drawings, followed with two (2) layers natural fine stone and ceramic chips
texture with high build acrylic resin and two (2) clear finish coats.

4.3.2

Spray Tile textured wall shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved
alkaline resisting acrylic primer, unless otherwise specified in the Drawings,
followed with one (1) coat of spray tiles texture and two (2) coats of pure
acrylic water based premium weather paint.

5. Treatment To Fair Face Surfaces

Surfaces that are to be left bare such as fair-face brickwork, fair-face concrete or stones
and the like shall be thoroughly clean, dry and free from grease, dust and loose or flaking
materials. The surfaces shall then be treated with an approved colourless silicon-based
water repellent liquid applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The
solution shall be applied in two (2) coats over the entire area and crevices by brushing.

6. Epoxy Coatings
Epoxy coatings shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved transparent epoxy sealer,
followed with two (2) coats epoxy topcoat.

7. Silicone Paint
Silicone paint for external walls and ceiling shall be applied with one (1) coat of Pigmented
Water Base Penetration Water Repellent and two (2) finishing coats of Breathable Silicone
Paint of approved colour applied strictly in accordance with manufacturers instruction.

8. Painting On Floor Surfaces

8.1

Painting on concrete drive way shall be applied with one (1) coat of floor primer at
100 m DFT, followed by one (1) coat of floor glass flake at 300 m DFT or floor
non-slip aggregate (fine/medium) and followed with two (2) coats of floor
polyurethane (PU) topcoat at 50 m DFT per coat.

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SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

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8.2

Painting on car park parking bay floors shall be applied with one (1) coat of floor
primer at 100 m DFT, than followed with two (2) coats of floor polyurethane (PU)
topcoat at 50 m DFT per coat.

8.3

Painting on TNB sub-station internal floors shall be applied with one (1) coat of
approved two-pack epoxy sealer, followed with two (2) coats of two pack epoxy floor
coating at 50 m DFT per coat, unless otherwise stated in the drawings

9.

Painting To Timber-based Products

9.1

Chipboard Surfaces

9.2

9.1.1

Before painting, all nail holes, crevices and the like shall be stopped with
white lead and putty (1:3). The surface shall then be smoothened by
rubbing down with fine sand paper and finally cleaned to remove dust.
Where the board is to be finished with enamel paint, one (1) undercoat and
two (2) finishing coats of gloss enamel paint shall be applied. If the board is
to be finished with emulsion paint, one (1) undercoat and two (2) coats of
emulsion paint shall be applied.

9.1.2

Where repainting to existing enamel paint finished chipboard is required, the

following procedure shall be adhered to. If the paintwork is still intact, it shall
be rubbed down with fine sand paper to the approval of the S.O. Then one
(1) coat of undercoat shall be applied followed by one (1) coat of gloss
enamel paint.

9.1.3

Where cracking and flaking has occurred, the entire existing paint shall be
removed by burning off, as approved by the S.O. The surfaces shall then
thoroughly cleaned and shall be applied with one (1) undercoat and finished
with two (2) coats of gloss enamel paint.

9.1.4

Where repainting to existing emulsion paint finished chipboard is required,

the surface shall then be thoroughly cleaned and applied with two (2) coats
of emulsion paint.

Hardboard Surfaces
Before painting to hardboard, all nail holes, crevices and the like shall be filled with
approved putty. The surface shall then be applied with one (1) undercoat and two
(2) coats of emulsion paint unless otherwise specified.

9.3

Wood Cement Board Surfaces

Before painting to wood cement board, all nail holes, crevices and the like shall be
filled with approved filling compound of alkali resistant type. The surface shall then
be lightly sanded and any dust should be removed from the surface with a piece of
clean, coarse cloth. The surface shall then be applied with one (1) undercoat and
two (2) coats of emulsion paint unless otherwise specified.

10. Painting To Gypsum Board And The Like

10.1

Before painting the surfaces shall be clean and free from dirt. The surfaces shall
then be applied with one (1) undercoat and two (2) coats of emulsion paint. Similar
procedure shall be followed where repainting to existing painted surfaces is
required.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

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11. Painting To Laboratory Bench Tops

11.1

Timber tops of benches in laboratories that are required to be painted shall be

prepared as described hereinbefore for timber work. The surfaces shall then be
applied with one (1) coat aluminium wood primer followed by one (1) coat approved
chemical resistant primer and finished with two (2) coats of approved chemical
resistant gloss enamel paint in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

11.2

Where repainting to existing timber tops laboratory benches is required, the

surfaces shall be rubbed down lightly with fine sand paper. The surfaces shall then
be thoroughly cleaned and shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved chemical
resistant primer followed by one (1) coat of approved chemical resistant gloss
enamel paint.

12. Varnishing
12.1

Varnishing To New Timberwork

12.1.1 The surfaces to be varnished shall be smoothened with fine sand paper and
all crevices, holes and the like, if any, shall be filled with approved whiting. It
shall be clean, dry, free from dust, dirt and wax before the application of
varnish. Unless otherwise approved by the S.O, the surfaces shall be
applied with three (3) coats of approved UV protection, low odour alkyd
wood finish or varnishing mixture used strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
12.1.2 Where non patented products are allowed to be used, the varnishing
mixture shall consists of methylated spirit, shellac and approved stain
forming the first coat followed by one (1) coat of an approved mixture
consisting of thinner and lacquer. The mixtures shall be of uniform
consistency throughout. Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, the
finish shall be gloss and as approved by the S.O.
12.1.3 Timber deck surfaces shall be applied with three (3) coats of approved
scratch resistant, UV protection, fast drying low odour urethane alkyd wood
finish

12.2

Re-varnishing To Existing Timberwork

12.2.1 Where re-varnishing to timberwork is specified in the Drawings or described
in the B.Q., the surface shall first be thoroughly scuffed to remove the
existing varnish. The surface shall then be smoothened with fine sand
paper, cleaned, dried and free from dust, dirt and wax. It shall then be
varnished as described hereinbefore for new timberwork.

13. Painting Works For Buildings In Coastal Areas.

13.1

External walls shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved pliolite based alkaline
resisting primer sealer, unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, followed with
two (2) coats of elastomeric weather resistant paint of approved colour applied
strictly in accordance to manufacturers instruction.

13.2

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, the internal walls shall be applied with
one (1) coat of approved water based alkaline resisting acrylic wall sealer, followed
with two (2) coats of low volatile organic compounds (VOCs), alkylphenolethoxylate
(APEO) free, formaldehyde free acrylic premium emulsion paint of approved colour
applied strictly in accordance to manufacturers instruction.

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SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

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13.3

Mild steel shall be applied with one (1) coat of zinc rich epoxy, one (1) coat of
surface tolerance epoxy mastic and followed with two (2) coats of polyurethane
topcoat.

13.4

Galvanized steel shall be applied with one (1) coat of surface tolerance epoxy
mastic and followed with two (2) coats of polyurethane topcoat.

13.5

Roofing sheet coatings for marine environment shall refer to SECTION G:

ROOFING WORKS.

13.6

Coatings of fasteners used shall comply with AS 3566 Class 4 and be certified as
such by the supplier of fasteners and as approved by the S.O.

14. Painting Works To Clinical Areas (Hygienic Areas)

14.1

All external walls shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved siloxane primer
sealer, unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, followed with two (2) coats of
silicone emulsion water repellent paint applied strictly in accordance to
manufacturers instruction.

14.2

Internal walls shall be applied with one (1) coat of approved ultra-low VOCs alkaline
resisting primer sealer, followed with two (2) coats of anti-bacteria, anti-fungus, low
VOCs, 100% APEO free, formaldehyde free acrylic premium emulsion paint.

15. Completion Of Painting Works

15.1

On completion of paintwork, all paint marks inadvertently left on glass, floors, tiles
and other surfaces shall be removed. Any stain or marking on finished paintwork
shall be removed and touched up to the approval of the S.O.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION O : PAINTING WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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:
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29 Januari 2014
O/8
APPENDIX O/1

PAINT PERFORMANCE WARRANTY (SPECIMEN)

1.

2.

Coverage of Performance Warranty

We .... the paint Manufacturer hereby warrants that for a
period of five (5) years from the date of Practical Completion, the paint system shall not be affected
by the following defects:
(i)

Peeling
This condition is manifested when the paint film peels away or detaches from the substrate.

(ii)

Cracking
This condition is manifested by any visible cracking on the paint film other than that caused by
plastering cracks and structural defects.

(iii)

Fungus/Algae Growth
This condition is established when there is a growth of micro-organisms on the surface of the
paint films which would result in the marring of the appearance of the paint film through
discoloration.

(iv)

Discoloration
This condition occurs when the coating loses its original colour in patches and excessive
discoloration appears.

Procedure for Claims

(i)

Any defect claims shall be made in writing and delivered by post or by hand to the
Manufacturer.
(ii) A technical team from the Manufacturer will be dispatched to evaluate the nature of the claim.
Should our findings conclude the defects as within the scope of warranty, then the Manufacturer
shall make good such defects.
(iii) Should the Manufacturers technical team conclude that the defects falls outside the scope of
the warranty, the Manufacturer shall not be held responsible for the claim.
(iv) Should the Government disagree with the conclusion of the technical team pertaining to the
defects in particular, then an independent third party competent in such technical evaluation
shall be appointed to investigate the disputed defects.
(v) The appointment of independent third party competent in such technical evaluation shall only be
appointed upon the mutual agreement between the Government and the Manufacturer.
(vi) The findings of the third party shall be conclusive and mutually accepted by the Government
and the Manufacturer.
(vii) If the findings of the independent third party are within the coverage of this performance
warranty, all cost shall be borne by the Manufacturer or otherwise such cost shall be borne by
the Contractor.
(viii) All claims for the defects must be received by the Manufacturer not later than fourteen (14) days
from the expiry of the warranty period.

MANUFACTURER

..
Company Stamp

..

..
Signature
Name:
Date:

WITNESS

..
Company Stamp

..

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

..
Signature
Name:
Date:

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION P: ROADS AND HARDSTANDING
PAGE
1.
2.

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

General
Flexible Pavement

P/1
P/1

TABLE P1
TABLE P2
TABLE P3
TABLE P4

P/2
P/3
P/4
P/6

:
:
:
:

Gradation Limits For Drainage Layer

Gradation Limits For Sub-base
Gradation Limits For Crushed Aggregate Roadbase
Gradation Limit For Wet-mix Roadbase

Horizontal Alignment, Surface Levels And Surface Regularity Of

Pavement Courses

P/8

TABLE P5

P/8

Tolerances In Surface Levels Of Pavement Courses

Shoulders
Concrete Pavement
Road Furniture
Street Lighting

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

P/8
P/10
P/10
P/10

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

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29 Januari 2014
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1. General
The construction of roads and hardstanding shall generally be carried out only after
completion of all drainage systems, services and ducts which may affect the Works, unless
otherwise agreed by the S.O.

2. Flexible Pavement
2.1

Subgrade
2.1.1

Subgrade means that part of the embankment or existing ground in cutting

which is immediately below the sub-base or lower sub-base of the road
pavement and shoulders.

2.1.2

Material for the top 300 mm of subgrade shall have a minimum soaked
laboratory California Bearing Ratio (CBR) as shown on the Drawing when
compacted to 95% of the maximum dry density determined in the BS 1377
Compaction Test (4.5 kg Rammer Method). In the event CBR value not
mentioned on the Drawing, a minimum CBR value of 5% shall be adopted.

2.1.3

Throughout the top 300 mm of subgrade, the materials shall be compacted

to not less than 95% of the maximum dry density determined in the BS
1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg Rammer Method).

2.1.4

In cut area, the top 300 mm of the subgrade shall be scarified and
recompacted to 95% of the maximum dry density determined in the BS
1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg Rammer Method). If the S.O. is fully
satisfied that the subgrade in its natural state possesses a density
exceeding the requirements, then the surface of the subgrade shall be
trimmed and rolled to obtain a smooth finish.

2.1.5

Where the material in cut area is found to be unsuitable for use in the top
300mm of subgrade or to a suitable level to be determined by the S.O., it
shall be removed and replaced with suitable material which shall be
compacted as indicated above. Alternatively, stabilizing agent may be used
subjected to the S.O. approval.

2.1.6

The subgrade shall be finished in a neat and workmanlike manner, and the
widths of embankments and cuts shall be everywhere at least of those
specified or shown in the Drawings on both sides of the centre line. The
top surface of the subgrade shall have the required shape, superelevation,
levels and grades and shall be finished everywhere to within + 10 mm and
- 30 mm of the required level.

2.1.7

Where subgrade construction encounters rock surfaces:

(i)

Rock surfaces extend over the whole width of the formation:

The rock surface shall be trimmed to a free draining profile, at or
below formation levels. No high spot shall protrude above the
formation level. Any voids or cavities more than 0.5 m below the
formation level shall be filled up with approved lean concrete having
seven (7) days cube strength greater than 7 N/mm2. The rock surface
shall then be brought up to the formation levels with approved
crushed rock or gravel, regulated and blinded.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

(ii)

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P/2

Rock outcrop occurs over part of the formation only :

The rock outcrop shall be cut down to a level not less than 300 mm
below the formation level. The surface shall then be brought up to
level with suitable subgrade material.

2.2

Drainage Layer
2.2.1

This work shall consist of furnishing, placing, compacting and shaping

drainage layer on a prepared and accepted subgrade in accordance with
this Specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and crosssections as shown on the Drawings and/or as directed by the S.O.

2.2.2

Coarse aggregate shall be screened crushed hard rock and fine aggregate
shall be screened quarry dust or sand. The aggregate shall be well graded
and lie within the limits as shown in TABLE P1.
TABLE P1: GRADATION LIMITS FOR DRAINAGE LAYER

B.S. Sieve Size (mm)

75.0
37.5
20.0
10.0
5.0
2.00
1.18

2.3

Percentage Passing by Weight

100
75 - 100
60 - 90
25 - 75
10 - 45
0 - 20
0 - 10

2.2.3

Notwithstanding any earlier approval of finished subgrade, the surface of

the subgrade shall be, on completion of compaction and immediately
before placing drainage layer, well closed and free from movement under
the compaction plant and from ridges, cracks, loose material, pot holes,
ruts or other defects. Any damage to or deterioration of the subgrade shall
be made good in accordance with sub-section 2.1.

2.2.4

The material shall be transported, laid and compacted at a moisture

content within the range + 1% to - 2% of the optimum moisture content
determined in compliance with BS 5835 and without drying out or
segregation.

2.2.5

The drainage layer shall be placed and compacted to the required width
and thickness as shown on the Drawings, in one single layer.

2.2.6

The material shall be spread and lightly compacted with tracked spreading
plant or other approved equipment with consideration given to the
protection of the subgrade.

Sub-base
2.3.1

This work shall consist of furnishing, placing, compacting and shaping

sub-base material on a prepared and accepted subgrade in accordance
with this Specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and crosssections as shown on the Drawings and/or as directed by the S.O.

2.3.2

Sub-base shall be a natural or artificial mixture of locally available

materials such as sand, gravel, crushed aggregate, et cetera, free from
organic matter, clay lumps and other deleterious materials. It shall be well
graded and conform to TABLE P2 and the following quality requirements:

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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(i)

The CBR of the sub-base shall not be less than 30% or as shown on
the Drawings when compacted to 95% of the maximum dry density
determined in the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer
method) and soaked for 4 days under a surcharge of 4.5 kg. This
shall involve carrying out a series of CBR tests at various dry
densities, using the field moisture content. The field density must
then be measured at a number of points using the sand replacement
method and the CBR deduced from the mean of the field density
measurements.
(ii) If more than 10% of the material is retained on the BS 20.0 mm sieve,
the whole material can be assumed without test to have a CBR value
of 30% or more.
(iii) The plasticity index when tested in accordance with BS 1377 shall be
not more than 12.
(iv) The 10% fines value when tested in accordance with MS 30 shall be
not less than 30 kN.
(v) The sand equivalent of aggregate fraction passing the No. 4 (4.75
mm) sieve when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2419 shall be not
less than 45%.
TABLE P2 : GRADATION LIMITS FOR SUB-BASE
BS Sieve Size (mm)
Percentage Passing by Weight
75.0
100
37.5
85 - 100
20.0
65 - 100
10.0
45 - 100
5.0
25 - 85
0.600
8 - 45
0.075
0 - 10
The particle size shall be determined by the washing and sieving method of BS 1377.
2.3.3

Prior to placing any sub-base material, the underlying subgrade

(particularly the top 300 mm of the subgrade) shall have been shaped and
compacted in accordance with the provisions of sub-section 2.1 or subsection 2.2 as appropriate. Notwithstanding any earlier approval of finished
subgrade, the surface of the subgrade shall be, on completion of
compaction and immediately before placing sub-base layer, well closed
and free from movement under the compaction plant and from ridges,
cracks, loose material, potholes, ruts or other defects. Any damage to or
deterioration of the subgrade shall be made good in accordance with subsection 2.1.

2.3.4

Sub-base material shall be transported, laid and compacted at a moisture

content within the range + 1% to - 2% of the optimum moisture content
without drying out or segregation.

2.3.5

Sub-base material shall be placed over the full width of the formation to the
required thickness as shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O. in
one layer or more, each layer not exceeding 200 mm compacted
thickness. Where two or more layers are required, they shall be of
approximately equal thickness and none shall be less than 100 mm
compacted thickness.

2.3.6

Each layer of sub-base shall be processed as necessary to bring its

moisture content to a uniform level throughout the material suitable for
compaction, and shall then be compacted using suitable compaction
equipment approved by the S.O. to not less than 95% of the maximum dry
density determined in the BS 1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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P/4

method). Compaction shall be carried out in a longitudinal direction along

the roadbed, and shall generally begin at the outer edge and progress
uniformly towards the crown on each side in such a manner that each
section receives equal compactive effort, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

2.4

2.3.7

All loose, segregated or other defective areas shall be removed to the full
thickness of the layer, and new sub-base material laid and compacted.

2.3.8

The sub-base shall be finished in a neat and workmanlike manner, and

shall have an average thickness over any 100 m length not less than the
required thickness. The top surface of the sub-base shall have the required
shape, superelevation, levels and grades, and shall be everywhere within
the tolerances as specified in sub-section 3.2.

Crushed Aggregate Roadbase

2.4.1

This work shall consist of furnishing, placing, compacting and shaping

crushed aggregate roadbase material on a prepared and accepted
subgrade or sub-base in accordance with this Specification and the lines,
levels, grades, dimensions and cross-sections as shown on the Drawings
and/or as directed by the S.O.

2.4.2

Crushed aggregate roadbase material shall be crushed rock, crushed

gravel or a mixture of crushed rock and gravel, which shall be hard,
durable, clean and essentially free from clay and other deleterious
materials. The material shall conform to the following physical and
mechanical quality requirements:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

The plasticity index when tested in accordance with BS 1377 shall be

not more than 6.
The aggregate crushing value when tested in accordance with MS 30
shall be not more than 25%.
The flakiness index when tested in accordance with MS 30 shall be
not more than 25%.
The weighted average loss of weight in the magnesium sulfate
soundness test (5 cycles) when tested in accordance with AASHTO
Test Method T 104 shall be not more than 18%.
The material shall have a CBR value of not less than 80% when
compacted to 95% of the maximum dry density determined in the B.S.
1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer method) and soaked for 4
days under a surcharge of 4.5 kg
The sand equivalent of aggregate fraction passing the No. 4 (4.75
mm) sieve when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2419 shall be not
less than 45%.
The gradation shall comply with the envelope as shown in TABLE P3.

TABLE P3 : GRADATION LIMITS FOR CRUSHED AGGREGATE ROADBASE

B.S. Sieve Size (mm)
50.0
37.5
28.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
2.00
0.425
0.075

Percentage Passing by Weight

100
85 - 100
70 - 100
60 - 90
40 - 65
30 - 55
20 - 40
10 - 25
2 - 10

The particle size shall be determined by the washing and sieving method of BS 1377.
@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

2.5

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2.4.3

Prior to placing any crushed aggregate roadbase material, the subbase

shall have been constructed in accordance with the provisions of subsection 2.3.

2.4.4

Crushed aggregate roadbase shall be placed to the required width and

thickness as shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O. in one layer or
more, each layer not exceeding 200 mm compacted thickness.

2.4.5

Where two or more layers are required, each layer shall be of

approximately equal thickness and none shall be less than 100 mm
compacted thickness.

2.4.6

The material shall be spread using a motor grader of sufficient capacity or

other approved mechanical spreader, at the optimum moisture content +
1%.

2.4.7

Compaction shall be carried out using suitable approved equipment, in a

longitudinal direction, and begin at the lower edges and progress towards
the crown, or in the case of superelevation towards the upper edge, in
such a manner that each section receives equal compactive effort,
sufficient to produce a density of not less than 95% of the dry maximum
density as determined by BS 1377: Test 13.

2.4.8

Throughout the placing, adjustment of moisture content and compaction of

crushed aggregate roadbase material, care shall be taken to maintain a
uniform gradation of the material and prevent its separation into coarse
and fine parts, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

2.4.9

The crushed aggregate roadbase width shall be everywhere at least that

specified or shown on the Drawings on both sides of the centre-line; and its
average thickness over any 100 m length shall be not less than the
required thickness.

2.4.10

The surface of the roadbase shall on completion of compaction and

immediately before placing bituminous surfacing be well closed and free
from movement under the compaction plant and from ridges, cracks, loose
material, pot holes, ruts other defects.

2.4.11

All loose, segregated or otherwise defective areas shall be removed to the

full thickness of the layer, and new material laid and compacted. The
addition of fine material will not be permitted.

2.4.12

The surface shall be to the required level and grade and comply with the
tolerances as specified in sub-section 3.2.

Wet-Mix Roadbase
2.5.1

This works shall consist of furnishing, placing, compacting wet-mix

roadbase on a prepared and accepted sub-base in accordance with this
Specification and the lines and levels as shown on the Drawings and/or as
directed by the S.O.

2.5.2

Aggregate for wet-mix roadbase shall be crushed rock, crushed gravel or a

mixture of crushed rock and gravel, which shall be hard, durable, clean and
essentially free from clay and other deleterious materials.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

2.5.3

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The aggregate shall conform to the following physical and mechanical

quality requirements:
(i)

The flakiness index when tested in accordance with MS 30 shall be

not more than 25%.
(ii) The aggregate crushing value when tested in accordance with MS 30
shall be not more than 25%.
(iii) The weighted average loss of weight in the magnesium sulfate
soundness test (5 cycles) when tested in accordance with AASHTO
Test Method T 104 shall be not more than 18%.
(iv) The sand equivalent of aggregate fraction passing the No. 4 (4.75
mm) sieve when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2419 shall be not
less than 45%.
(v) The gradation shall comply with the limits shown in TABLE P4.
TABLE P4 : GRADATION LIMIT FOR WET-MIX ROADBASE
B.S. Sieve Size (mm)

Percentage by Weight Passing

50.0
37.5
20.0
10.0
5.0
2.36
0.060
0.075

100
95 - 100
60 - 80
40 - 60
25 - 40
15 - 30
8 - 22
0-8

The particle size shall be determined by the washing and sieving method of BS 1377.

2.5.4

Notwithstanding any earlier approval of finished sub-base, prior to placing

wet-mix roadbase material, any damage to or deterioration of the sub-base
shall be made good in accordance with sub-section 2.3.

2.5.5

Wet-mix roadbase material shall be placed to the required width and

thickness as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O. in one layer
or more, each layer not exceeding 200 mm compacted thickness. Where
two or more layers are required, they shall be of approximately equal
thickness and none shall be less than 100 mm compacted thickness.

2.5.6

The material shall be laid using a paving machine at moisture content +

0.5% of the optimum which shall be maintained during the compaction
operation.

2.5.7

Compaction shall be carried out using suitable approved equipment in a

longitudinal direction, and begin at the lower edges and progress towards
the crown, or in the case of superelevation towards the upper edge, in
such a manner that each section receives equal compactive effort,
sufficient to produce a density of not less than 95% of the maximum dry
density as determined by BS 1377: Test 13.

2.5.8

Throughout the placing, and compaction of wet-mix roadbase material,

care shall be taken to maintain a uniform gradation of the material and
prevent its separation into coarse and fine parts.

2.5.9

All loose, segregated or otherwise defective areas shall be removed to the

full thickness of the layer, and new wet-mix roadbase material laid and
compacted, the addition of fine aggregate only shall not be permitted.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

2.6

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2.5.10

The wet-mix roadbase width shall be everywhere at least that specified or

shown on the Drawings on both sides of the centre-line. The average
thickness measured over any 100 m length shall be not less than shown
on the Drawings or specified and the minimum thickness measured at any
one point shall be not less than the thickness shown or specified.

2.5.11

The surface of the wet-mix roadbase shall, on completion of compaction

and immediately before placing bituminous surfacing, be well closed and
free from movement under the compaction plant and from ridges, cracks,
loose material, pot holes, ruts or other defects.

2.5.12

The surface shall be to the required level and grade and comply with the
tolerances specified in sub-section 3.2.

Bituminous Pavement Courses

2.6.1

2.6.2

2.6.3

Bituminous prime coat

2.6.1.1

This work shall consist of the careful and thorough cleaning of

the surface of a prepared and accepted unbound roadbase and
cement-treated base (CTB), and the furnishing and application
to the cleaned roadbase and CTB surface of a bituminous
prime coat, all in accordance with this Specification and the
lines, dimensions and cross-sections as shown on the
Drawings and/or as directed by the S.O.

2.6.1.2

The materials, equipment and construction methods shall be in

accordance with JKR Specification No. JKR/SPJ/2008-S4, subsection 4.3.1 or the latest edition published by JKR.

Bituminous tack coat

2.6.2.1

This work shall consist of the careful and thorough cleaning of

the surface of a prepared and accepted bituminous or bitumen
primed pavement course, and the furnishing and application to
the cleaned surface of a bituminous tack coat prior to the
construction of an overlying bituminous pavement course, all in
accordance with this Specification and the lines, dimensions
and cross-sections as shown on the Drawings and/or as
required by the S.O.

2.6.2.2

The materials, equipment and construction methods shall be in

accordance with JKR Specification No. JKR/SPJ/2008-S4, subsection 4.3.2 or the latest edition published by JKR.

Asphaltic concrete
2.6.3.1

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

This work shall consist of furnishing, placing, shaping and

compacting asphaltic concrete binder course and/or wearing
course on a prepared and accepted bituminous or bitumen
primed pavement course, and shall include the careful and
thorough cleaning of surfaces which are to be covered prior to
the application of bituminous prime coat and tack coat. The
work shall be carried out all in accordance with this
Specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and
cross-sections as shown on the Drawings and/or as required by
the S.O.

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

2.6.3.2

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The materials, mix design, equipment and construction

methods shall be in accordance with JKR Specification No.
JKR/SPJ/2008-S4, sub-section 4.3.3 or the latest edition
published by JKR.

3. Horizontal Alignment, Surface Levels And Surface Regularity Of Pavement Courses

3.1

Horizontal Alignment
The horizontal alignment shall be determined from the centerline of the pavement
surface shown on the Drawings. The edges of the pavement as constructed and all
other parallel construction lines shall be correct within a tolerance of + 50 mm and 0 mm from the centre-line, except for kerbs, channel blocks and edge lines which
shall be laid with a smooth alignment within a tolerance of + 25 mm and - 0 mm
from the centre-line.

3.2

Surface Levels of Pavement Courses

3.2.1

The design levels of pavement courses shall be calculated from the vertical
profile, crossfall and pavement course thicknesses shown on the
Drawings. The level of any point on the constructed surface of a pavement
course shall be the design level subject to the appropriate tolerances given
in TABLE P5.

TABLE P5: TOLERANCES IN SURFACE LEVELS OF PAVEMENT COURSES

Pavement Course
Wearing Course
Binder Course
Roadbase
Sub-base
3.2.2

Tolerance
+ 5 mm
+ 5 mm
+ 0 mm to - 20 mm
+ 10 mm to - 20 mm

The combination of permitted tolerances in the levels of different pavement

courses shall not result in a pavement thickness less than that shown on
the Drawings. Each pavement course shall have an average thickness not
less than that shown on the Drawings.

4. Shoulders
4.1

This work shall consist of furnishing, compacting and shaping earth, gravel or paved
shoulder material on a prepared and accepted sub-base or subgrade, all in
accordance with this Specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and
cross-sections as shown on the Drawings and/or as required by the S.O.

4.2

Materials
4.2.1

Paved shoulders
The bituminous surfacing and underlying pavement courses shall be
constructed as described in the appropriate sections of this Specification.

4.2.2

Gravel shoulders
Gravel shoulder material shall conform to the requirements for gravel
surfacing material set forth in JKR Specification No. JKR/SPJ/2008-S4,
sub-section 4.1.3 or the latest edition published by JKR.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

4.2.3

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Earth shoulders
Earth shoulder material shall be suitable material as described in JKR
Specification No. JKR/SPJ/2013-S2, sub-section 2.2 or the latest edition
published by JKR.

4.2.4

Construction
4.2.4.1

Shoulders shall be constructed in stages or in one operation as

directed or approved by the S.O., but in no instance shall a
shoulder be built up to a level higher than that part of the
abutting carriageway structure which has been completed and
accepted.

4.2.4.2

Prior to placing any shoulder material, the underlying sub-base

or subgrade shall have been shaped and compacted in
accordance with the provisions of JKR Specification No.
JKR/SPJ/2008-S4, sub-sections 4.1.2.3 and 2.2.7 or the latest
edition published by JKR respectively, and the abutting
carriageway structure course or courses shall likewise have
been shaped and compacted in accordance with the provisions
of the appropriate sub-sections of this Specification.
Notwithstanding any earlier approval of the underlying and
abutting pavement courses, any damage to or deterioration of
these underlying and abutting pavement courses shall be
made good to the satisfaction of the S.O. before shoulder
construction proceeds.

4.2.4.3

Shoulders shall be placed to the required width and thickness

as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O. in one
layer or more, each layer not exceeding 200 mm compacted
thickness at the point of maximum thickness. Where two or
more layers are required, they shall be of approximately equal
shape and thickness, and none shall be less than 100 mm
compacted thickness at the point of maximum thickness.

4.2.4.4

Each layer of shoulder material shall be processed as

necessary to bring its moisture content to a uniform level
throughout the material suitable for compaction, and shall then
be compacted using suitable compaction equipment approved
by the S.O. to not less than 95% of the maximum dry density
determined in the BS 1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer
method). Compaction shall be carried out in a longitudinal
direction along the shoulder and shall generally begin at the
outer edge and progress uniformly towards the carriageway,
except on super-elevated curves where rolling shall begin at
lower edge and progress uniformly towards the higher edge. In
all cases, compaction shall be carried out in such a manner that
each section receives compactive effort appropriate to its
thickness, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

4.2.4.5

Throughout the placing, adjustment of moisture content and

compaction of shoulder material, care shall be taken to
maintain a uniform gradation of the material and prevent its
separation into coarse and separate parts, all to the satisfaction
of the S.O.

4.2.4.6

Where shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O., earth

shoulders shall be turfed in accordance with JKR Specification

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION P : ROADS AND

HARDSTANDING
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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JKR 20800-0183-14
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29 Januari 2014
P/10

No. JKR/SPJ/2013-S2, sub-section 2.2.8 or the latest edition

published by JKR.
4.2.4.7

Shoulders shall be finished in a neat and workmanlike manner.

The total width of carriageway and shoulder shall be
everywhere at least that specified or shown on the Drawings on
both sides of the centre-line. The top surface of each shoulder
shall have the required shape, super-elevation, levels and
grades, shall be everywhere within 10 mm of the required
plane, and shall provide a flush joint with the carriageway
surface and shall be uniformly free draining away from the
carriageway, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

5. Concrete Pavement
Concrete Pavement works shall be in accordance with JKR Specification No.
JKR/SPJ/1988, section 5: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement or the latest edition
published by JKR.

6. Road Furniture
6.1

Corrugated Sheet Steel Beam Guardrail

The supply and method of installation of guardrails shall be in accordance with JKR
Specification No. JKR/SPJ/1988, section 6, sub-section 6.1 or the latest edition
published by JKR.

6.2

Traffic Signs
The supply and method of installation of traffic signs shall be in accordance with
JKR Specification No. JKR/SPJ/1988, section 6, sub-section 6.2 or the latest edition
published by JKR.

6.3

Road Markings
The supply and application of road markings shall be in accordance with JKR
Specification No. JKR/SPJ/2012-S6, section 6, sub-section 6.3 or the latest edition
published by JKR.

6.4

Concrete Kerb
The supply and installation of concrete kerb shall be in accordance with JKR
Specification No. JKR/SPJ/1988, section 6, sub-section 6.4 or the latest edition
published by JKR.

7. Street Lighting
The supply and installation of street lighting shall be in accordance with JKR Specification
No. JKR/SPJ/2011-S7: Road Lighting or the latest edition published by JKR.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION Q: FENCING AND GATES
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

General
Mild Steel Post And Bracings
Chain Link Mesh, Straining
Fencing
Gates
Painting Of Fence And Gates

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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Q/1
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Q/2

SECTION Q : FENCING AND

GATES
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

:
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JKR 20800-0183-14
01
00
29 Januari 2014
Q/1

1. General
1.1

Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, fencing shall be of chain link type as
specified hereunder.

1.2

Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, the height of the fence shall be 1500
mm from the ground up to the full height of the chain link.

1.3

The fence shall be erected to the extent and location as shown on the site plan.
Where fencing is to be located on the boundary of the Site, the Contractor shall
ensure that its construction shall not infringe the adjoining properties.

2. Mild Steel Post And Bracings

2.1

Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, mild steel angle posts and bracings
shall be of size 57 mm x 57 mm x 6 mm. All steel members for fencing and gates
shall be free from rust, scales and other defects and shall be to the approval of the
S.O. Previously used steel members shall not be used in the construction of new
fencing and gates. Before delivery to the Site, the steel members for fencing and
gates shall be pre-cut and assembled at the Contractor's workshop and painted with
one coat of approved metallic primer.

2.2

Where three strands of barbed wires are required, a mild steel angle arm 430 mm
long, of the same cross sectional dimension as the post shall be welded at the top of
the post at 450 inclination. Where six strands of barbed wires are required, two
pieces of mild steel angle arms as specified hereinbefore shall be welded to the top
of each post forming the shape Y with each arm having three strands of barbed
wires. The welding used shall be of continuous fillet welds. Necessary holes shall be
made in the posts, arms and bracings for insertions of fixing bolts and clips.

3. Chain Link Mesh, Straining

Chain link mesh, straining wires and barbed wires shall be made of galvanized steel and of
approved quality. The mesh shall be of size 64 mm made up of 3.25 mm (10 gauges)
diameter wire. Straining wires shall be of 4.06 mm (8 gauges) diameters and barbed wires
shall be of 2.64 mm (12 gauges) diameters.

4. Fencing
4.1

Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, the mild steel angle posts shall be
erected at 3000 mm centres commencing from the gate post and the posts shall be
embedded plumb in 1:3:6-25 mm concrete footings of size 250 mm x 250 mm x 600
mm deep. Mild steel angle bracings of the same cross sectional dimensions as the
post shall be fixed at all corners, bends, junctions, gate posts and at every five bays
of straight fencing.

4.2

The bracings shall be fixed at an inclination of 450 to the horizontal with top end
bolted to the post, 300 mm below the top of the post and the bottom end encased in
concrete footing as described hereinbefore.

4.3

The chain link mesh shall be stretched across the posts and secured in place using
approved fencing clips. The end of chain link fencing abutting mild steel gate posts
shall be fixed by means of 19 mm x 3 mm mild steel flat straps drawn through the
mesh and bolted using 10 mm diameter mild steel bolts to 25 mm x 25 mm x 6 mm
mild steel plates welded to the posts at equal intervals of 300 mm. Where gate posts
are non-metal, the termination of the fencing at the gate shall be by means of

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION Q : FENCING AND

GATES
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
Q/2

another mild steel angle post fixed to one side of the gate post and strengthened by
bracing as described hereinbefore. The chain link mesh shall then be strained by
three strands of 4.06 mm (8 gauges) diameter galvanized steel straining wires
threaded through the mesh and fixed to the posts.
4.4

Where shown on the Drawings, the bottom of the chain link mesh shall be buried in
continuous 1:3:6-25 mm concrete curbs. Unless otherwise detailed in the Drawings,
the cross-sectional dimension of curbs shall be 125 mm wide x 375 mm high with
150 mm protruding above the ground. The portion of the curb above the ground
shall be rendered with 13 mm thick 1:6 cement render to a wood float finish.

5. Gates
The gates shall be constructed as shown on the Drawings.

6. Painting Of Fence And Gates

The metallic primer previously applied to the steelwork at the workshop shall be touched up
where necessary. Unless otherwise specified, the posts, bracings and gates shall be
finished with two (2) coats of approved aluminium paint.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION R: LANDSCAPING AND TURFING WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

General
Classifications And Characteristics Of Plants
Size Of Plants
Handling And Planting
Soil Mixture, Soil Conditioners And Chemical Fertilizers
Turfing
Football And Playing Fields
Relocation And Protection Of Existing Tress
Maintenance Of Plant And Turf
Final Handing Over

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

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SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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:
:
:

JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
R/1

1. General
1.1

All landscaping works shall be as shown on the Drawings. Turfing works and tree
planting shall be carried out in such a manner as to minimize risks of damage to
turfs and plants, and stunted growth. Turfing on all slopes shall be carried out
immediately after slopes are formed. Tree planting shall be carried out as soon as
practicable.

1.2

All landscaping works shall start as early as possible so that trees and plants are
well- grown, and fully adapted to the new environment when the project concerned
is handed over upon completion.

1.3

All landscaping works shall be furnished, installed and maintained by the Contractor
as specified herein, or as shown on the Drawings, using the best horticultural
management, giving special attention to planting practices, soil mixtures, and
application of agricultural chemicals.

1.4

Existing water elements such as lakes, ponds and streams shall be incorporated
into the landscape design. Unless otherwise specified, mature existing trees shall
be retained and incorporated into the landscape design. Replantation and relocation
of the trees removed shall be considered as part of the landscaping works.

2. Classifications And Characteristics Of Plants

2.1

2.2

Plants shall mean trees, palms, shrubs, ground covers, and plants of others
descriptions to be provided by the Contractor, as shown on the Drawings or listed in
the plant schedules.
2.1.1

Each tree shall possess characteristics of its variety and growth typical to
such tree. All trees shall be well-branched, with straight trunks
characteristic of the species, with well-shaped top and intact leader. The
height shall be measured from the stems earth line to the top of the tree.

2.1.2

Palms shall have vigorous root system, crown of new leaves, proper color
of leaves of adult palms, and sufficient hardlines. The height of palms shall
be measured from the stems earth line to the base of the first frond.

2.1.3

Shrubs and vines shall possess characteristics and growth habits typical of
their species. All shrubs shall be well-shaped and bushy, with well-spaced
branches, and not skinny. The height of shrubs or vines shall be measured
from the stems earth line to the top branches.

2.1.4

Ground cover is defined as any plant or groups of plant, other than

grasses, which shall satisfactorily cover the ground, forming a compact and
attractive cover.

All plants shall be in healthy growth condition, free from pests and diseases, and
shall be representatives of their normal species or variety. All plants shall have wellbranched heads and vigorous root systems, and shall be injury-free. Unless
otherwise shown or specified in the Drawings, only nursery-grown plants shall be
used. Plants which are potted or plastic-bag-grown shall not be root-bound.

3. Size Of Plants
3.1

The size of plants refers to plant table size that is the size that is required for
planting out on sites. All plants shall have the following sizes:

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

3.1.1

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Ground covers
Ground cover plants can be supplied in plastic bags. If supplied in 150 mm
- size bags they shall have at least nine (9) cuttings per bag, and not less
than 150 mm long.

3.1.2

Shrubs
Height of shrubs shall range between 150 mm and 1000 mm.

3.1.3

Trees
3.1.3.1

Trees shall be either container grown, or grown on the open

ground. They shall be of the following three types:
i)

Tree saplings
Tree saplings shall mean grown from seedlings or
cuttings. They shall have straight main stems of not less
than 1200 mm in height from the soil level to the lowest
branch, and a stem diameter of not less than 12 mm, and
a well-branching system.

ii)

Rooted stump cutting

These refer to plants which can be easily grown from
stem cuttings instead of from seeds. They shall have
straight main stems of 2400 mm to 3000 mm in height,
with a diameter ranging from 37 mm to 50 mm.

iii)

Instant trees
An instant tree is generally referred, to the semi-mature
tree with a minimum trunk height of 2000 mm for palms
(measured from earth line to first frond) and 3000 mm for
other which shall have well-spread branches.

3.1.4

Palms
3.1.4.1

Palms shall be either container-grown on the open ground, and

shall be of two types:
i)

Single-stem palm
These refer to palms with single main trunk. Their trunk
height shall be not less than 1200 mm measured from the
earth line to the base of the first front.

ii)

Cluster palms
The Palms referred to are those which grow in clusters.
They shall have a minimum of three (3) palms clustered
together, measuring 750 mm to 1000 mm from the earth
line to the base of the first frond.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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:

JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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29 Januari 2014
R/3

4. Handling And Planting

4.1

Handling
Plants shall be transported, handled and stored in such a manner as to prevent
deterioration, damage or contamination. All plant materials shall be carefully
protected and, if necessary, wrapped with hessian or gunny cloth during lifting,
transportation, unloading and storage on site.

4.2

Planting
4.2.1

4.2.2

Pits/holes
4.2.1.1

Generally all pits for palms and trees shall not be less than
1000 mm x 1000 mm or 1/3 size bigger than the root ball,
spaced at intervals as shown on the Drawings or approved by
the S.O.

4.2.1.2

For shrubs, the pit size may be reduced to 500 mm x 500 mm

deep (for big shrubs), or 300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm deep (for
medium shrubs). Alternatively, continuous trench 500 mm x 300
mm deep respectively, shall be formed where required.

4.2.1.3

The bottom of all pits and trenches shall be forked loose to a

depth of 300 mm prior to backfilling with approved soil mixture
before transplanting. All pits and trenches shall be soaked with
water before planting.

4.2.1.4

Flower beds or trenches shall be made to the size as shown in

the Drawings, and to a depth not exceeding 200 mm.

4.2.1.5

The distance for planting trees and palms shall be between

3000 mm to 5000 mm unless otherwise specified.

4.2.1.6

The distance for planting shrubs shall be between 150 mm to

300 mm unless otherwise specified.

4.2.1.7

For ground covers, planting works shall be carried out in zigzag manner at distance between 100 mm to 150 mm unless
otherwise specified.

Transplanting
4.2.2.1 Transplanting shall not be carried out in very hot, dry weather
conditions which may result in initial drying out of the root system
and/or scorching of leaves.
4.2.2.2 Immediately before transplanting, the plants shall be carefully
removed from the nursery bags or pots. The plants shall be
placed into the pits and the surround filled with approved black
earth making sure that the roots are not excessively disturbed.
The earth around the base of the stems shall be recessed
slightly to facilitate watering.

4.2.3

Plants supports
All newly plants shall be supported either by staking, tying or guying.
Stakes shall be of wood, still or plastic of an approved type, driven into the
ground before planting so as not to damage the root ball or aerial parts of

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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:

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29 Januari 2014
R/4

plants. Stakes shall be long enough to the plants, with one (1) tie per stake
set 150 mm from the bottom.

5. Soil Mixture, Soil Conditioners And Chemical Fertilizers

5.1

Soil Mixture
Soil mixture for ground planting and backfill shall be in the ratio of 1:3, i.e. 1 part to
soil conditioner or organic materials to three (3) parts of top soil. Planter box soil
mixture shall be in the ratio of 1:2:3, i.e. one (1) part of sand of sand to two (2) parts
soil conditioner or organic materials to three (3) parts top soil.

5.2

Top Soil
Top soil shall consist of fertile and friable topsoil obtained from a well-drained floodfree site excavated from not more than 300 mm deep from ground level. It shall be
of medium texture and without admixture of stones, lumps, plants or roots, and other
extraneous matter. Topsoil material shall be obtained from excavated topsoil
sourced or, if not available, from other sources as approved by the S.O.

5.3

Soil Conditioners (Manure And Compost)

Soil Conditioners shall be organic materials such as composed coconut, fiber, peat
or other approved materials which shall be composed in a stable condition, free
from toxic impurities and containing no substance injurious to plants. The organic
matter with 45% - 55% moisture content and with Ph adjusted to 5.5 - 6.5 shall be
used. All manure or compost used as additive to the soil mixture shall be procured
from an approved source.

5.4

Chemicals Fertilizers
Chemicals fertilizers shall be granular slow release compound fertilizers with a
minimum four (4) months release period at 320 C. They shall be stored in waterproof
sealed bags and kept under shelter. The Contractor shall submit manufacturers
technical data on the proposed fertilizer for the S.O.s approval prior to the
application of the fertilizer.

6. Turfing
6.1

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, turfing shall be provided to all exposed
earth surfaces throughout the site. All surfaces to be turfed shall be completely
cleared of all incidental Contractors debris, stone and other obstructions.

6.2

The ground to be turfed shall be graded to fall toward surface water discharge line
as shown in the Drawings, or approved by the S.O.

6.3

On level ground, minimum gradient of 1:60 shall be provided to eliminate ponding

hollows. Any undesirable vegetation, debris, stumps or roots shall be grubbed up
and removed from the site.

6.4

Top soil shall be provided on a prepared surface, and compacted to provide a

suitable tilt for the growth of the turf. Before spreading the topsoil, the ground is to
be trimmed and leveled and all roots of bushes and undesirable growth grubbed up
and removed from the site.

6.5

All turfs shall be of good, healthy, dense indigenous cow grass (Axon Opus
Compresses) from an approved source. The grass shall be of even density,

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

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Tarikh
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:

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R/5

vigorous growth and green in color, forming a turf sufficiently fibrous to hold together
when installed. They shall be free from mimosa, weeds or other foreign vegetation.
6.6

Each turf shall be approximately 300 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm thick with roots still
attached to the soil. They shall be kept moist and in shade, and shall be planted
within 24 hours of lifting. Samples of turfs to be used shall be submitted to the S.O.
for approval before any turfs are brought in for use. The sources of material shall be
stated by the Contractor.

6.7

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, close turfing shall be provided to slopes,
and extending 2 m of the platform at the top and bottom of the slope, 1 m the sides
of all drains, and 2 m wide of road shoulders, so that they cover the whole area
without any space/gap between them.

6.8

Each sod shall be pegged in place with wooden/bamboo pegs 12 mm diameter and
200 mm long through the sod and into the soil base. These pegs shall be removed
after the turf have firmly established. On steep slopes, netting in shall be laid onto
the turfed areas for protection.

6.9

Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, spot turfing shall be carried out on all level
ground. The turf shall be laid at 450 mm center, embedded 25 mm in the top soil.

6.10

Turf shall be fertilized with approved slow release fertilizers high in Nitrogen content,
one (1) month after planting at the rate of 60 gm/m2 and evenly spread over the
whole area. Turfs shall be well watered after each fertilizer application which shall
be done once in every three months after grass cutting.

6.11

Grass cutting shall be done every three weeks after one (1) month
growth/establishment by grass cutter/mover as often as in required to give a well
trimmed sod not more than 25 mm in height for flat surface and not less than 50 mm
on slope. All clippings shall be removed from the site before watering is carried out.

7. Football And Playing Fields

7.1

7.2

General
7.1.1

Unless otherwise specified hereinafter, turfing for football and playing fields
shall be as specified hereinbefore. Turfing works shall start as soon as
possible and shall be completed and fully established not later than three
(3) months before the date of completion of the works.

7.1.2

The Contractor shall supply and install sub-soil drains as specified

hereinafter at the locations and accordance with the lines, levels and
grades shown in the Drawings and/or as directed by the S.O.

Materials
7.2.1

Sub-soil drain pipes

Subsoil drain pipes shall be of high Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
perforated corrugated drainage pipe to DIN 16961 PT 1 and 2:1989 or
equivalent, or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes for subsoil drains complying
with AS Specification 2439.1 or BS 3656 or equivalent, of diameter and
lengths of pipe as shown on the Drawings.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

7.2.2

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Filter materials
Filter Materials shall consist of an angular, clean, hard and durable crush
rock with uniformly sized particle of 14 mm, free form lumps of clay or
organic matter.

7.2.3

Geo textile fabric

Geo textile fabric shall be of non-woven type thermally bonded with
minimum weight of 100 g/m or equivalent and shall be of approved
manufacturer.

7.3

Site Preparation
The site area shall be completely cleared of all debris, large stones, discarded
gravel and other unacceptable materials. The site shall then be graded to form a
crown at the centre of the field with a minimum gradient of 1:300. The soil shall be of
good texture and structure with the majority of the crumbs of size 1 mm to 2 mm and
not contaminated with seeds, stolon or rhizomes of noxious weeds.

7.4

Trenching For Sub-soil Drain Pipes

Trenches shall be excavated and trimmed clean true to grade and alignment and
the geo textile fabric shall be laid as shown on the Drawings. The fabric shall
overlap the full width of the trench at the top. Where the fabric requires jointing
along the trench, it shall overlap a minimum of 500 mm at the joint.

7.5

Laying And Jointing Subsoil Drain Pipe

Subsoil pipe shall be laid and bedded as shown on the Drawings. Subsoil drain pipe
shall be jointed according to the manufacturers recommendations.

7.6

Backfilling
The trench shall be backfilled with the filter material in layers not exceeding 150 mm
loose thickness and uniformly compacted by suitable method approved by the S.O.
to the level as shown in the Drawings. Care shall be taken that the pipe is not
damaged or displaced.

7.7

Outlets
Outlets shall be constructed as shown in the Drawings and to the S.O.s approval.

7.8

Laying Of Sand And Turf Mixture

7.8.1

The prepared surface of the field shall be laid with a first layer of 100 mm
thick river sand or other suitable course grained granular materials and a
second layer of 100 mm thick turf mixture before receiving the turf.

7.8.2

The Contactor surface shall carry out final gradient check prior to the
turfing works.

7.8.3

Before turfing works commence, the Contractor shall submit samples of

the turf mixture for the approval of the S.O. The turf mixture shall be laid to
the required formation level and gradient.

7.8.4

The turf mixture shall have the following composition by weight of 4% - 5%

organic matter, 12% - 15% clay and 81% - 85% river sand. The PH value
for the root zone medium shall be 5 to 7.5.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

7.9

JKR 20800-0183-14
01
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R/7

The Contractor shall give not less than twenty-four (24) hour notice prior to
the commencement and upon completion of the under mentioned works.
The Contractor shall not proceed with the next succeeding operation until
specific approval has been given for the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

7.11

:
:
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Inspections
7.9.1

7.10

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
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Muka Surat

Trench excavation.
Trench lining with geo textile fabric and laying of subsoil drain pipe
Filter material backfill
Sand laying
Turf mixture
Turfing work

Leveling Of Field
7.10.1

The Contractors shall water the turf at least twice a day or as instructed by
the S.O. The rate of application and frequency of watering shall be
sufficient to maintain the turf mixture in a moist condition to ensure proper
and healthy growth of the turf even during the dry weather.

7.10.2

Water shall be applied as fine spray by means of suitable pumps and hose
or sprinkler or any other method approved by the S.O so as not to disturb
the turf mixture.

Weed Control
Weeding shall be carried out on the newly turfed area about ten (10) days after
planting to get rid of foreign species and maintain a pure culture of Axonopus
Compressus (Cow Grass). Weeding on a Continuous basis shall be carried out to
prevent weeds from growing.

7.12

Fertilization
The first fertilization shall be carried out two (2) weeks after planting, using
mechanical spreader. Subsequently, the fertilizer shall be applied at three (3) weeks
interval.

7.13

7.14

Mowing
7.13.1

Mowing shall be carried out using properly sharpened and adjusted

machine tools so that the turf is out cleanly and no tearing takes place.

7.13.2

The first cut shall be carried out when the turf reaches 50 mm 70 mm in
height. The turf shall be cut to 25 mm 30 mm in height. Subsequently,
mowing shall be done at least once in every two (2) weeks.

Top Dressing
The Contractor shall, from time to time or whenever directed by the S.O. check the
flatness of the field and if found uneven, rectify by top dressing with turf mixture and
followed by proper compaction.

7.15

Maintenance During Defect Liability Period

7.15.1

The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out full-time intensive

maintenance of the turfing works for the entire duration of the Defect
Liability Period of the Works.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

7.15.2

7.16

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The maintenance includes watering, weed control, fertilization, moving and

top dressing, all as specified hereinbefore.

Handing Over Of The Works

On handing over of the works, the field shall be in good playable condition with all
the full line markings to the dimensions as shown on the Drawings.

8. Relocation And Protection of Existing Tress

8.1

8.2

Relocation Of Trees
8.1.1

Where shown in the Drawings or if directed by the S.O, all existing trees
having girth of 300 mm and below identified and marked for relocation,
shall not be cut, but shall be dug up, prepared for, and relocated by the
Contractor to other areas within, or in the vicinity of the site. In the event of
any such trees being accidentally cut or damaged, the same shall be
replaced with trees of equivalent size and species by the Contractor.

8.1.2

The Contractor shall protect and maintain the relocated trees by fencing to
a height of 1.2 m, watering, manuring, pruning, and other necessary
treatments throughout the contract period (including the Defects Liability
Period) until satisfactory, growth is established. Any relocated trees which
are accidentally damage, or fail to re-grow satisfactorily within the Defect
Liability Period, Shall be replaced accordingly at the Contractor own cost.

Protection of Trees Retained On Site

8.2.1

All existing trees having girth of 800 mm and above identified and marked
by the S.O. or as shown in the Drawings to be retained on site, shall be
protected and maintained by fencing to a height of 1.2 m, watering
manuring, pruning and other necessary treatments throughout the contract
(including the Defects Liability Period) so as not to jeopardize their growth.

8.2.2

The ground around the tree spread shall be protected to prevent

contamination from materials and chemicals detrimental to plant growth.
Method of protection shall be to the approval of the S.O. in the event of any
such trees being accidentally or otherwise out or damaged, the same
shall be replaced by the Contractor with trees equivalent size and species
at his own cost.

9. Maintenance of Plant and Turf

9.1

General
9.1.1

After planting and prior to the onset of the maintenance period, the
Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out all necessary measures to
ensure that all plant materials and turfing thrive and become established,
and that the landscaped areas are kept in a clean and tidy condition.

9.1.2

The Contractor shall protect and maintain the plants and turfing from any
damage and destruction, by way of watering, manuring and tilling, any by
staking and fencing, where necessary, to support and protect the plants,
until the end of the Defects Liability Period. All plants and turfs which are
defective and/ or fail to grow within the Defect Liability Period or as
instructed by the S.O. shall be replaced immediately and/ or replanted
accordingly, at the Contractors own cost.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

9.1.3

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Unless otherwise specified, all maintenance works shall be carried out

complying to the minimum standard as detailed out in the `Garis Panduan
Pengurusan Dan Penyelenggaran Projek Landskap (latest edition) by
Jabatan Perancang Bandar & Desa, Kementerian Perumahan Dan
Kerajaan Tempatan. During the Defects Liability Period, the Contractor is
required to implement the maintenance works as follows:
(i)
(ii)

(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

9.2

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Water the plants twice (2) per day.

Feeding the plants with fertilizers (NPK Green) 15:15:15 once (1)
every month for the first six (6) months and as needed after six (6)
months onwards. Application of the fertilizer shall be as specified
hereinafter, and as recommended by the fertilizer manufacturer.
Weeding/Hoeing and Site Cleaning
Disease and Pest Control
Plants Replacement
Mulching
Trimming/Pruning

9.1.4

The Contractor shall provide persons who are competent and experienced
for organizing and running the maintenance programs during the Defects
Liability Period, at the Contractors own cost.

9.1.5

The Contractor shall be responsible for the use of all materials, labour and
equipment. Any injury to plants caused by such materials, labour and
equipment shall be corrected and repaired at the Contractors own cost.

9.1.6

The Contractor shall carry out all necessary measures to ensure that all
plants thrive and become established within this period. All landscaped
areas shall be inspected at monthly intervals and lists of remedial works
shall be issued upon each inspection within seven (7) working days. All
items on the remedial work list shall be executed before the next
scheduled inspection.

Weeding And Hoeing

Weeding and hoeing shall be done frequently, depending on weed growth or
whenever directed to do so by the S.O. The Contractor shall be responsible for
maintaining areas close the base of trees or shrubs. Weeding shall be done
manually either by hand, hoe or garden tools at least once a month, with care taken
not to wound plant stems.

9.3

Fertilizers And Application Rate

9.3.1

Feedings to plants shall be done with approved organic manure or slow

release fertilizers at regular intervals to maintain healthy growth. The S.O.
reserves the right to request the Contractors to use any kind of fertilizer, let
it be straight mixture, complex or slow release, at the Contractors own
cost.

9.3.2

Six (6) applications shall be required during the maintenance period. The
first shall be carried out during the second (2nd) month after planting. The
second and subsequent applications shall be worked into the soil above
the roots and lightly watered in. the fertilizer shall be applied, preferable,
when the plants are in their active stage of growth.

9.3.3

Slow release fertilizers shall be applied strictly in accordance with the

manufacturers directions and recommendations.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND

TURFING WORKS
JKR MALAYSIA

9.3.4

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The Contractor shall take note that plant feeding shall be carried out only
after all other maintenance works like weeding, hoeing and trimming or
pruning have been carried out.

10. Final Handing Over

10.1

Two weeks before the expiry of the Defects Liability Period a joint final inspection
shall be held with the S.O. to review the requirements for any alteration or
replacement in order to gain approval for Final Handing Over.

10.2

At the time of Final Inspection, all areas under this contract shall be free from
weeds, neatly cultivated and raked, and all plant boxes in good order. Grass shall
be neatly cut and all clippings removed. No bare patches of earth shall be visible in
turf or planting areas unless otherwise specified.

10.3

If any portions of the works are found to be not acceptable, under the terms and
intent of the Drawings and specifications, the Contractor shall carry out immediate
remedial works to S.Os acceptance before the date of Final Handing Over. The
cost of all remedial works shall be borne by the Contractor.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION S: DRAINAGE WORKS
PAGE
1. General
2. Excavation And Backfilling
3. Materials
TABLE S1 :
TABLE S2 :

Grading Limits For Sand Backfill

Grading Limit For Granular Backfill Other Than Sand

4. Surface Water Drains

TABLE S3 :
5.
6.
7.
8.

Maximum Steepness Of The Side Slopes

Subsoil Drain
Sumps
Culverts
On-site Detention Pond

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

S/1
S/1
S/3
S/3
S/4
S/4
S/5
S/6
S/6
S/6
S/7

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

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1. General
1.1

All drainage works shall be in accordance with the JKR Standard Specification for
Drainage Works in Building Projects No. 20601-0195-13 or the latest edition
published by JKR and the requirements of the MSMA.

1.2

The works shall include the construction of surface drains, sumps, culverts, subsoil
drains, and other drainage structures in accordance with these Specifications or as
directed by the S.O.

1.3

Drainage works shall be constructed to the lines, levels, grades and cross-sections
shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.

1.4

Final discharge point shall be identified and approved by the S.O. Where necessary,
the existing drainage system shall be upgraded in order to ensure they are fully
functional.

2. Excavation And Backfilling

2.1

The Contractor shall notify the S.O. sufficiently in advance of the beginning of any
excavation so that cross-section elevations and measurements shall be taken of
undisturbed ground. The natural ground adjacent to the structure shall not be
disturbed without permission of the S.O. The excavation works shall be carried out
so as not to cause any danger or obstruction to the traffic or public.

2.2

All excavation shall be inspected and approved by the S.O. prior to further work
being carried out.
2.2.1

2.2.2

Excavation of hard materials/rock

2.2.1.1

Hard materials/rock encountered in the trench excavation shall be

removed to the approval of the S.O. Layer of rock encountered
along the bottom of the excavation shall be cut and trimmed to the
required level.

2.2.1.2

Voids formed at bottom of the trench due to the removal of rocks

shall be backfilled to the required level with 20 mm Grade 20P
concrete or other suitable materials, well rammed and compacted
all to the approval of the S.O.

2.2.1.3

Jagged surfaces of rocks at the bottom of the excavation due to

the trimming shall be levelled and smoothened with sand blinding
to the approval of the S.O.

Excavation of soft materials

When, in the opinion of the S.O. the foundation material is soft or otherwise
unsuitable, the Contractor shall remove and insert foundation fill material or
concrete as specified or shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O. It
shall be placed and compacted in layers not more than 150 mm thick or as
directed by the S.O.

2.2.3

Excavation for drain trenches

2.2.3.1

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

The trench shall be excavated to a depth of 150 mm less than the

depths intended or shown on the Drawings. The remaining
excavation shall be carried out immediately prior to the placing of
blinding materials.

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

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2.2.3.2

2.2.4

2.2.5

2.2.6

2.3

Should the bottom of the trench be inadvertently excavated below

the specified level, it should be brought back at the Contractors
expense to the correct level with good selected earth or sand,
carefully rammed into place.

Excavation for culvert

2.2.4.1

The earthworks at the required location shall be constructed to a

level at least 600 mm above the top of culverts design levels or to
the top of subgrade levels, whichever is lower. The culverts
specified to be constructed in trench conditions shall be excavated
in accordance with sub-section 2.2.5.

2.2.4.2

Where drainage conditions or other circumstances so require, the

S.O. shall direct the Contractor to construct the culvert without first
constructing the earthworks to the level specified above, in which
case excavation,and foundation preparation shall be in accordance
with sub-section 2.2.6.

Trench method
2.2.5.1

The trench to receive culvert shall have sufficient width and depth
to enable the placing of bedding material. The bottom of the trench
shall be trimmed to suitably smooth plane surface which shall be
kept free from water, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

2.2.5.2

The hard material excavated shall be replaced with suitable

material uniformly compacted in layers of not more than 150 mm
compacted thickness to provide satisfactory support for the culvert,
all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

Open ground method

2.2.6.1

Where existing ground levels are above top bedding material

design levels and firm foundation materials are encountered,
excavation and foundation preparation shall be similar to the
described in trench method above. Otherwise a firm foundation
plane shall be prepared, which shall be essentially free draining
along the line of the culvert by trimming the existing ground, or
such fill as it is necessary to place and compact, over a width
sufficient to permit satisfactory construction of the pipe bedding, all
to the satisfaction of the S.O.

2.2.6.2

Where soft or unstable soil is encountered in the foundation, it

shall be excavated over a width of at least 1.5 times the outside of
each side of the culvert centre-line to the depth directed by the
S.O., and replaced with suitable material uniformly compacted in
layers of not more than 150 mm compacted thickness to provide
satisfactory support for the pipe, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

Backfilling
2.3.1

Drainage trenches shall be backfilled immediately after completion of drain

laying or installation of culverts and as soon as the S.O. has inspected and
given his approval.

2.3.2

Backfilling with approved fill materials shall be placed evenly in layers not
exceeding 150 mm. To provide uniform support, loose thickness of fill
materials on both sides of the drain shall be thoroughly compacted with

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

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mechanical rammers. This procedure shall be followed for the whole depth of
drain section.
2.3.3

All spaces excavated under this Specification and not occupied by a

permanent structure shall be backfilled with material free from large lumps,
wood and extraneous material.

3. Materials
3.1

Basic construction materials shall comprise the following;

3.1.1

Granular bedding material

The foundations shall be of granular bedding material suitably graded broken
rubble, crushed stone, crushed gravel, sand or other material as shown on
the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.

3.1.2

Concrete
Concrete for blinding, bedding and cast-in-situ drains shall be as shown in
the Drawings and as specified in SECTION D : CONCRETE WORKS.

3.1.3

3.1.4

Ordinary backfill material

3.1.3.1

Ordinary backfill material shall be of suitable material such as

medium stiff clay, clayey sand or other approved soils. The
maximum particle size of the backfill material shall be 50 mm.

3.1.3.2

Materials from swamps, peats or top soils and other highly organic
clay or silt, materials containing logs, stumps or boulders, which
are susceptible tocombustion, and any other materials which, by
virtue of their physical or chemical composition or at their moisture
content will not compact properly, shall not be used for filling.

Granular backfill material

3.1.4.1

Granular backfill material shall be sand, crushed stone, crushed

gravel or a mixture of crushed and natural aggregates, shall be
essentially free from vegetative and other organic matter and clay,
and shall not contain lateritic or concretionary materials. The
material shall conform to the following physical and mechanical
quality requirements:
(i)
(ii)

The fines shall be non-plastic;

Sand shall have a gradation conforming to the envelope
shown in TABLE S1;
(iii) Material other than sand shall have a gradation conforming to
one of the envelopes shown in TABLE S2.

TABLE S1 : GRADING LIMITS FOR SAND BACKFILL

B.S. Sieve Size
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
1.18 mm
300 m
150 m
@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

% Passing By Weight
100
90 - 100
45 - 80
10 - 30
2 - 10

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

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TABLE S2 : GRADING LIMIT FOR GRANULAR BACKFILL OTHER THAN SAND

% Passing By Weight

B.S
Sieve Size

A
100
70 -100
60 - 90
45 - 75
30 - 60
20 - 50
10 - 30
0-2

37.5 mm
28.0 mm
20.0 mm
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
2.0 mm
425 m
75 m

3.1.4.2

B
100
70 - 100
45 - 75
35 - 65
25 - 50
10 - 30
0- 2

C
100
45 - 75
30 - 60
15 - 35
0-2

The granular backfill shall be placed in layers not to exceed 150

mm in depth and each layer shall be thoroughly compacted by
means of packers or mechanical tampers to a relative compaction
of not less than 95% Standard Proctor Density for the backfill
material at optimum moisture content.

4. Surface Water Drains

4.1

Surface drains shall be constructed with regard to both operation and ease of
maintenance and adequate gradient shall be provided to enable self-cleansing flow.

4.2

Where gradient designed is not practical or above the finished level, the Contractor
shall submit their proposal for the approval of the S.O.
Reinforced concrete struts shall be provided for all drain side walls exceeding 1.0 m
height. Handrails shall be provided for open drains more than 1.5 m width.

4.3

4.4

Types Of Surface Drains

4.4.1

Surface drains of all types shown on the Drawings shall be constructed

either unlined or lined using cast in situ concrete, precast or porous concrete
drain sections or stone pitching.

4.4.2

Unlined (earth) drains

4.4.2.1

The Contractor shall refer to approved plans for location, extent

and construction details as shown on the Drawing, or otherwise
directed by the S.O.

4.4.2.2

Excavation for unlined/earth drains shall be trimmed to form a

smooth, firm surface to the required lines, levels, grades and
cross-sections as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the
S.O.

4.4.2.3

Any areas of over excavation shall be made good to the

satisfaction of the S.O., all at the expense of the Contractor.

4.4.2.4

The sides of cut drain shall not be steeper than 1:1.5 (V:H), while
fill slopes shall not be steeper than 1:2 (V:H).The surface water
shall be discharges to a stable outlet such that soil erosion is
prevented from occuring.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

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4.4.3

Lined drain
4.4.3.1

Lined drains shall be constructed from material proven to be

structurally sound and durable and have satisfactory jointing
systems. Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, the maximum
steepness of the side slopes for lined open drains shall be as
indicated in TABLE S3.

TABLE S3: MAXIMUM STEEPNESS OF THE SIDE SLOPES

Drain lining

Maximum steepness of the

maximum side slopes (V:H)

Concrete, brickwork and blockwork

Vertical

Stone Pitching

1:1.5

Grassed/Vegetated, rock riprap

1:2

4.4.3.2

All concrete works shall conform to the requirement in SECTION

D: CONCRETE WORKS of this Specification or unless otherwise
specified.

4.4.3.3

Lined drains shall be constructed by the following means ;

(i) Cast-in-situ concrete drains
a)

Cast-in-situ concrete drains shall be Grade 25P concrete

unless otherwise stated. Weep holes shall be cast in-situ
as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.

b)

Where the concrete grade is found to be of the lower

grade, the S.O. shall request the Contractor to do the
rectification work according to the requested proper
method.

(ii) Precast concrete drain

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

a)

Precast concrete block iverts shall be of the shapes and

dimensions as shown on the Drawing and shall be of
Grade 25P concrete or unless otherwise specified.

b)

The joint shall be grouted with cement mortar Grade 15P

and weep holes shall be provided as shown on the
Drawing or as directed by the S.O.

c)

The S.O. shall have access to the casting yards where

the proprietary precast concrete product are being
utilized.A copy of the manufacturers test certificate shall
be provided to the S.O.

d)

All inspections shall be conducted in the present of the

S.O.and any rectification works shall be carried out any
accordance to the method as approved by the S.O.

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

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(iii) Cascade drains

Cascade drains shall be constructed from precast concrete
drain units and laid stepping on a 150 mm thick bed of mass
concrete of Grade 15P as shown on the Drawings or as
approved by the S.O.

5. Subsoil Drain
5.1

This work shall include supply and installation of subsoil drains, constructed in
accordance with these Specifications at locations as shown on the Drawing and/or as
directed by the S.O.

5.2

Minimum gradient of 1:100 shall be provided for the drain to discharge into existing
stormwater system, open drain, creek or pond in the area. The discharge shall not
create an unwanted bog.

5.3

The lateral drain shall have a minimum slope of 1:100 to ensure water always flowing
even though there are undulations and laid at 2 m spacing at 450 to the main
pipes/collector drain.

6. Sumps
6.1

Sumps shall be constructed as accordance to the Drawing or as directed by the S.O.

to facilitate changes in level and flow within a drainage system. All sumps shall be
covered either by concrete slab or galvanized steel grating hinged to the seating
frame on the sumps for safety purposes.

6.2

Unless otherwise as shown on the Drawings, sumps of depth less than 1.5 m
(internal depth) shall be made up of brickwalls of minimum 225 mm thickness. Sump
of depth (internal depth) more than 1.5 m shall use reinforced concrete Grade 20P.

7. Culverts
7.1

The work shall comprise of supply and installation of either reinforced concrete pipe
culverts or precast box culverts, including the end treatment components such as
headwall, wingwalls, aprons and sumps and channel protection works, all in
accordance with these Specifications and details as shown on the Drawings.

7.2

Culvert Bedding

7.3

7.2.1

Type A bedding shall consist of Grade 20P concrete and complying with
SECTION D: CONCRETE WORKS.

7.2.2

Type B bedding shall consist of clean, natural sand or gravelly sand of

suitable gradation and quality with maximum particle size of not more than
12 mm.

Culvert Components
Culvert shall be constructed with barrel and end treatments including headwalls,
endwalls, wingwalls, outlet protection, inlet improvement and debris control
structures.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

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7.4

7.5

Pipe Culverts
7.4.1

Pipe for culvert shall be of spun reinforced concrete of approved

manufacturers complying with MS 881 and approved by the S.O. with spun
concrete collars or spigot and socket type as shown on the Drawing.

7.4.2

The S.O. reserves the right to request for test certificates and to request for
tests to be carried out on samples, all at the Contractor's own cost.

Precast Box Culverts

7.5.1

Box culverts shall be of precast concrete of approved manufacturer

complying with MS 1293 or any equivalent alternative acceptable and
approved by the S.O.

7.5.2

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, the box shall be capable of

withstanding a proof load test of 112.5 kN applied over an area of 320 mm x
320 mm at any position on the cover slab. The S.O. reserves the right to call
for test certificates on the concrete boxes supplied.

7.5.3

Individual sections of the box shall be rejected because of such defects

specified herein before for pipe culverts.

7.5.4

Precast box culverts shall be laid on Type B bedding with layer of crushed
aggregate of maximum particle size not exceeding 50 mm as shown on the
Drawings or directed by the S.O.

7.5.5

The maximum gap between each culvert shall not be more than 13 mm and
the difference in level shall less than 3 mm. The gap shall be filled with
cement mortar (1:3) with smooth finished.

7.5.6

To ensure uniform bearing, a layer of cement grout shall be spread along the
top of the walls of the invert where the lid shall sit.

8. On-site Detention Pond

8.1

On-site detention (OSD) pond shall be constructed in accordance to the Drawings

and conform to the requirements of MSMA.

8.2

Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, the side slopes of basins shall not be
steeper than 1 (V): 6 (H). Fence and warning signs shall be provided.

8.3

The construction of detention pond shall include the system components at the inlet,
storage and outlet zone to cater outflow discharges without causing adverse effects
on downstream properties.

8.4

Maintenance shall be done periodically or as and when the silt has accumulated to
half of the pond height.

@HAKCIPTA JKR MALAYSIA

SECTION S : DRAINAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION T: SIGNAGE WORKS
PAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

General
Copper Plating
Aluminium
Paint Finish
Screen Printing Works
Vinyl Graphic Stickers
Stainless Steel
Acrylic
Installation And Fixing Works
Labeling For Registration Of Immoveable Asset
Components

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SECTION T : SIGNAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
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Tarikh
Muka Surat

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JKR 20800-0183-14
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1. General
1.1

All interior architectural signage shall be of acrylic plastic as approved by the S.O.
unless otherwise specified in the Drawings. All panel sign surfaces shall be flat and
smooth, constructed to remain flat under installed conditions within tolerance of plus
or minus 1 mm measured diagonally.

1.2

All signage works shall comply with the regulatory requirements currently enforced
and shall comply with MS 1184: Universal Design and Accessibility in The Built
Environment - CP and Government Immoveable Asset Code System (Sistem Kod
Aset Tak Alih - SKATA) as referred to sub-section 10.

1.3

Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, the panel and lettering size, profiles and
dimensional requirements of interior panel signage shall be as follows:

1.4

1.3.1

The standard thickness of cast-acrylic matt clear sheets shall be not less
than 4 mm.

1.3.2

Raised lettering and graphic symbols shall be of 0.8 mm thickness obtained

by using acrylic applique and chemically welded to sign panels.

1.3.3

The type of panel material and size of letterings shall be as indicated in the
Schedule of Signage prepared by the manufacturer to the S.O.s approval.

Graphic content and style of signage shall be in accordance with the Schedule of
Signage, Shop Drawings and comply with the requirements indicated below:
1.4.1

Panel material shall be acrylic with machine-routed raised copy applied to

surface of panel, along with raster-method Grade 2 braille beads, or
pictograms and other artwork to be reverse applied vinyl or silk-screened
process in colours as indicated.

1.4.2

For background colours, provide Pantone Matching System (PMS) coloured

coatings, including inks and paints, that are recommended by acrylic
manufacturer for optimum adherence to surface, and that are non-fading for
application intended.

1.4.3

Raised copy shall be machine routed copy, provide manufacturers full

range of solid to applique colours to the S.O.s approval.

1.5

Location, accessories and mounting positions of signs shall comply with MS 1184,
manufacturers recommendations and as approved by the S.O.

1.6

Wall mounted panel signs shall be mounted to wall surfaces using methods
indicated below:
(i)
(ii)

(iii)

Vinyl-tape mounting: use double-sided very high bond (VHB) tape to adhere
signs to smooth, non-porous surfaces.
Silicone-adhesive mounting: Use liquid-silicone adhesive recommended by
manufacturer to attach signs to porous, irregular, or vinyl-coated surfaces.
Use double-sided foam tape to hold sign in position until silicone adhesive
has fully cured.
Mechanical fasteners: Use non-removable mechanical fasteners placed
through pre-drilled holes in sign face, or through shim plate. Use proper
anchors at masonry walls as recommended by manufacturer. Attach sign
panel to shim plate using vinyl-tape method as described above.

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SECTION T : SIGNAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

(iv)

(v)

1.7

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Where signs are scheduled or indicated to be mounted on glass, to provide

matching acrylic back plate at reverse-side of glass to conceal mounting
materials.
After installation, soiled sign surfaces shall be cleaned and protected from
damage.

During the Contractors drawings preparation phase, the Contractor shall provide full
size mock-up samples of each type as required for inspection and subsequent
approval by the S.O.

2. Copper Plating
2.1

Surface preparation of the copper plate is to be done before plating process.

Cleaning process should include, degreasing, spray washing, immersion washing,
stripping and or coating removal. Copper plate is to be pre-treated to receive plating
treatment. Thickness of copper plating is to be of minimum 3-5 m. All copper
plating should be a thick film coating with excellent levelling to cover all surface
irregularities to improve the general aesthetics.

2.2

Where grainy texture is required, the copper plate should be allowed to run in
copper sulphate bath or copper cyanide based solution bath for a longer period.

3. Aluminium
3.1

Aluminium sign panels shall be preferably supported by extruded aluminium

extrusions for both internal and external signs complying with the requirements of
MS 2289: Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy - Extruded Shapes.

3.2

Aluminium sheets where otherwise stated for construction shall be of minimum 3

mm thick with welded angles for support. The sub-contractor is to ensure that no tincanning or deflection effect on the sign-face. Where tin-canning effect appears on
the sign face, the nominated sub-contractor is to remove and replace the sign panel.

3.3

Aluminium sheets used shall comply with the requirements of MS 2040: Aluminium
and Aluminium Alloys - Sheets and Coiled Sheets - Specification. The alloy selected
will be of a temper suitable for cutting.

3.4

Where signs required more than one standard size aluminium panel, the jointing
shall be performed in accordance to BS 1473 by using rivets or screws with welded
angles to the main panels. The joint shall than be fine sand, smoothen to be flushed
to be seen as one and no butt-line joint, division or separation is to be seen.

3.5

All aluminium sections shall be fabricated from aluminium alloy B6063-T5 complying
with the requirements of MS 2289: Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy-Extruded
Shapes.

3.6

The aluminium shall be electronically anodized in matte finish for etched aluminium
required for the fire door sign.

4. Paint Finish
Unless otherwise specified, all painting works shall be carried out as specified in SECTION
O: PAINTING WORKS.

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SECTION T : SIGNAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

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5. Screen Printing Works

5.1

Applications of screen-printing works shall be in accordance to the Specification

Drawings. The Contractor shall ensure high accuracy in registration and
workmanship.

5.2

Silkscreen ink shall be of two (2) pack-serical poly-screen with Ultra Violet protective
agents against colour fading. All finished screen printed text or graphics shall be
coated with a layer of 2-pack polyurethane clear coat matte finish.

6. Vinyl Graphic Stickers

6.1

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings and Specifications, vinyl graphic stickers
shall be used as recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the S.O.

6.2

Unless otherwise specified in the Drawings, all illuminated graphics shall be of

translucent graphic films and non-illuminated signs shall be translucent opaque
graphic films as approved by the S.O.

6.3

All vinyl graphics shall be precision cut by computers with no jagged edge. Minimum
performance of vinyl stickers shall be to the approval of the S.O.

7. Stainless Steel
7.1

Stainless steel shall be austenitic, non-magnetic, using grade 304 or 316 to BS EN

10088 and BS 1449 Part 2 for plate, sheet and strip and BS 970 where relevant.
Stainless steel plate and component with hairline finish for all internal signs shall be
of grade 304 4B.

7.2

Stainless steel plate and component for all external signs shall be of marine grade
316 with alloy addition of molybdenum to prevent specific forms of corrosion.

7.3

Stainless steel fasteners, bolts, screws, bolts, washers and other fixing components
shall be of Grade A2 or Grade A4 to BS EN ISO 3506.

8. Acrylic
8.1

Acrylic used for the external signage shall be of high impact acrylic. Extruded acrylic
shall not be acceptable. The Contractor shall comply with the required thickness of
the acrylic as shown on the Drawings.

9. Installation And Fixing Works

9.1

The Contractor shall submit a works programme and method statements for the
installation of all internal and external signs. The Contractor is to include in their
method statement on safety processes, measures to be taken and procedures while
erecting the external signs.

9.2

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all base plates for external signs shall be
galvanized steel plates with drawings and calculation certified by P.E.

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SECTION T : SIGNAGE WORKS

JKR MALAYSIA

No. Dokumen
No. Keluaran
No. Pindaan
Tarikh
Muka Surat

:
:
:
:
:

JKR 20800-0183-14
01
00
29 Januari 2014
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10. Labeling For Registration Of Immoveable Asset Components

10.1

The code and format for labelling of components shall be as stipulated in the
Governments:
(i)
(ii)

Immoveable Asset Code System (Sistem Kod Aset Tak Alih SKATA); and
Immoveable Asset Data Collection Guidelines (Garis Panduan
Pengumpulan Data Aset Tak Alih PeDATA).

10.2

All labels for the registration of the asset components shall comply with the
regulatory requirements currently enforced and shall comply with the relevant
International and/or Malaysian Standards.

10.3

Labels for the assets must be durable and withstand exposure to extreme conditions
such as chemicals, temperature, weather, oils and detergents. The labels must also
be able to withstand the rigour of cleaning schedule, maintenance and repairs.

10.4

Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, minimum requirements for asset

component labels shall be as follows:
(i)
(ii)

Normal Condition vinyl stickers.

Extreme Condition - steel / aluminium plate.

10.5

Asset component labels shall be affixed to the asset in a position that is easily
accessible for readability while the asset is in normal operating position (Refer to
PeDATA).

10.6

Labels shall be located on clean, smooth, flat surfaces where possible, and on
surfaces that provide direct visual access to a label scanner and its operator.

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