FEBRUARY 23 / M ARCH 2, 2015

SPECIAL

HEALTH
DOUBLE
ISSUE

THIS
BABY
COULD
LIVE
TO BE

142
YEARS
OLD

Dispatches From the

Frontiers of Longevity
time.com

WorldMags.net

WorldMags.net
vol. 185, no. 67 | 2015

4  Editors Desk
6  Conversation

THE CULTURE

98  Movies

Richard Corliss
predicts the Oscars

BRIEFING

9  Verbatim

100  Book Excerpt

10  LightBox

Investor turned
activist Bill Browder
recounts his ght
against Russian
oligarchs

Preparing for
Carnaval in Rio
12  World

Europes antiausterity contingent;

Cuba opens for
business

104  Books

Australian novelist
Peter Careys latest,
Amnesia

14  Nation

Same-sex marriage
in Alabama; Jeb
Bushs tech crisis;
a snow surfeit in
Boston
18  Spotlight

105  Television

Hillary buttons for sale in Davenport, Iowa, in anticipation of her 2016

presidential run. Photograph by Daniel AckerThe New York Times/Redux

A look back at
Saturday Night Live as
it turns 40; breakout
hit Empire prompts
fresh discussion of
respectability politics

The rising threat of

private drones
20  Tech

Using data to solve

parking problems
22  Milestones

Aid worker Kayla

Mueller
COMMENTARY

24  Tuned In

James Poniewozik
on the departures of
Brian Williams and
Jon Stewart
29  In the Arena

Joe Klein on the

Saudi role in Islamic
radicalism

FEATURES

Go Time for Hillary

Team Clinton is merging with Team Obama
for the 2016 campaign by Michael Scherer
30

The Forgotten War

Conict in Sudan rages on, even as the
world looks to move on by Elizabeth Dias
38

Below the Line

Civil war rends Ukraines coal-mining
heartland Photographs by Jerome Sessini
44

The Clinic Next Door

CVSs plan to have its drugstores double
as clinics by Eliza Gray

109  The Amateur

Kristin van Ogtrop

on the wearable tech
shed actually wear
110  Pop Chart

Quick Talk with

Christina Aguilera;
interest-driven dating
apps; smores Oreos
112  10 Questions

Activist Ai-jen Poo

52

Food Fight
New chains are beeng up burgers and
challenging fast-food stalwarts by Jack Dickey
56

Terrence Howard
of Empire, page 106

Three Princes
The bonds between Prince Charles and
his sons by Catherine Mayer
64

HOWARD: F OX

on the cover:
Photograph by Evan
Kafka

time February 23March 2, 2015

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WorldMags.net
vol. 185, no. 67 | 2015

THE
LONGEVITY
REPORT
THE NEW DATA ON HOW BEST TO
LIVE A LONGER, HAPPIER LIFE
68 CULTURE
How longevity changes life as we know it
by Laura L. Carstensen

72 SCIENCE
New ways to disrupt aging
by Alice Park

79 CITIES
The best place to grow old
by Justin Worland

80 BIOLOGY
How to keep the body young
by Mandy Oaklander

82 PSYCHOLOGY
The antiaging power of a positive attitude
by Jeffrey Kluger

87 BRAIN
Can brain games keep a mind young?
by Justin Worland

HOW OLD CAN WE LIVE TO BE?

88 PRESIDENTS
Why life after the Oval Ofce is often long

That remains to be seen, but if a promising drug does to humans

what it does to micea big ifthe answer is

142. Mice have

27 MONTHS, but with treatment,

the longest-living mouse hit 48 MONTHS, a life 1.77 TIMES
LONGER. The median human lifespan is 80 YEARS so if the
oldest person lived 1.77 times longer, he or she would reach 142.
a median survival time of

by Nancy Gibbs and Michael Duffy

93 DIET
Meal plan for a longer life
by Alexandra Sifferlin

94 MARRIAGE
The long-lasting effect of coupledom
by Alexandra Sifferlin

97 OPINION
Lifestyle medicines time has come
by Dr. Dean Ornish

TIME (ISSN 0040-781X) is published weekly, except for combined issues for one week in January, February, April, July, August, September and November, by Time Inc. Principal Ofce: Time & Life Building, Rockefeller Center, New York, NY 10020-1393.
Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing ofces. Canada Post Publications Mail Agreement No. 40110178. Return undeliverable Canada addresses to: Postal Stn A, P.O. Box 4322, Toronto, Ont., M5W 3G9. GST
#888381621RT0001 2015 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. TIME and the Red Border Design are protected through trademark registration in the United States and in the
foreign countries where TIME magazine circulates. U.S. subscriptions: $49 for one year. Subscribers: If the Postal Service alerts us that your magazine is undeliverable, we have no further obligation unless we receive a corrected address within
two years. Postmaster: Send address changes to P.O. Box 62120, Tampa, FL 33662-2120. CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUBSCRIPTIONSFor 24/7 service, please use our website: time.com/customerservice. You can also call 1-800-843-TIME
or write to TIME, P.O. Box 62120, Tampa, FL 33662-2120. Mailing list: We make a portion of our mailing list available to reputable rms. If you would prefer that we not include your name, please call, or write us at P.O. Box 62120,
Tampa, FL 33662-2120, or send us an email at [email protected]. Printed in the U.S.

Photo-illustration by Evan Kafka for TIME

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time February 23March 2, 2015

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I want to catch up on
everything I missed.
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Editors
Desk
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The Honored Image

Nancy Gibbs, editor

LIGHTBOX The scary part was to open the door and slide out of the helicopter
at 9,000 feet, recalls photographer and lmmaker Vincent Laforet on taking a
stunning series of Las Vegas aerial shots (including the one above). Hes pulled
off similar feats beforeshooting Manhattan from the air in Novemberbut
this was the rst time Laforet says he experienced hypoxia, or shortness of
breath, because of a lack of oxygen. Not that he minded once he saw the photos.
Its a complete spot of energy that is so articial, he says. Its just so Vegas.
For more from Laforets series, visit lightbox.time.com.

TIME FOR FAMILY

BONUS
TIME

About 40% of adoptive parents are raising kids of

a different race. Their challenges are the subject
of a feature on our new TIME for Family site,
where parents can nd a range of deeply reported,
news-driven stories, on topics from managing
kids screen time to ADHD. You can subscribe, and
sign up for our free weekly newslettera guide to
the best of family content from other mediaat
time.com/parents.

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Subscribe to
The Brief for
free and get a
daily email
with the 12
stories you
need to know
to start your
morning. For
more, visit
time.com/email.

time February 23March 2, 2015

L I G H T B O X : V I N C E N T L A F O R E T; T I M E F O R PA R E N T S : R YA N L O W R Y F O R T I M E

in this space i often highlight our

best photojournalism, and so it was
with particular pride that we gathered
on Feb. 2 to watch James Nachtwey,
a Time contract photographer for
30 years, accept the industrys highest
individual honor at the National Magazine Awards.
In her tribute to Jim, Times director of photography,
Kira Pollack, surveyed his great body of work, covering events in places from Sudan to Rwanda to Gaza,
and observed that Jims pictures do more than raise
awareness. They bring about change. A senior member of the International Committee of the Red Cross
told him once that his shocking pictures of famine
in Somalia published in the New York Times Magazine in 1992 mobilized the largest relief effort since
World War II and saved 1.5 million lives.
To the assembled editors and publishers, Jim
gave his testimony: We navigate dangers, endure
hardships and get our hearts broken by what we
witness, over and over again, because we believe
that peoples opinions matter, that our society cannot function properly without the information we
provide and without the stories we tell, he said.
Our work is aimed at our readers best instincts
generosity, compassion, a sense of right and wrong,
a sense of identication with others on a human
level, across cultures, beyond the borders of nationality, and perhaps most importantly, the refusal to
accept the unacceptable.
In this tradition, Time won the feature photography award that night for Jerome Sessinis
pictures published last summer of the wreckage of
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, shot down over eastern
Ukraine. Jerome was among the rst journalists
on the scene, and his images captured the awful,
intimate cost of a conict that has redrawn the map
of Europe. In this double issue, he takes us back to
Ukraine, to travel underground with the miners
who are caught up in the ght that is tearing their
country into pieces.

WorldMags.net

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Conversation
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What You Said About ...

UPDATE In last years TIME 100

Rana
Foroohars Feb. 16 prole of Starbucks CEO and social activist
Howard Schultzin which she
explores his possible political
ambitionsstruck a chord with
readers and the business media.
Aurora King of La Jolla, Calif., was
thrilled that mogul David Geffen had encouraged
Schultz to run for President. Leadership is so sadly
STARBUCKS FOR AMERICA

lacking in the world. Schultz more than lls the

bill, she wrote. CNBCs Andrew Ross Sorkin called

the Geffen nugget one of the most interesting revelations in the piece. Kudos to Schultz for training
disadvantaged workers, hiring veterans ... and providing generous health insurance benets, wrote
Maryannette Bednar, calling him a farsighted
CEO. In a video report, Yahoo Finances Aaron Task
riffed on Schultzs observation, garnered from reading consumer data early each morning, that working Americans have a fractured level of trust and
condence. We could have told you that without
getting up at 4:30 a.m., joked Task, before calling
Schultz a visionary founder with the ability to
drive the conversation within his party.

SETTING THE
RECORD STRAIGHT

1
CAN YOU
GUESS WHICH
CELEBRITY IS
WORTH MORE?
We pitted Beyoncs
2014 earnings
against those of
Jay Z, among others.

2
ARE YOU
SMARTER THAN
A FIFTHGRADER?
Featuring actual
questions from
fth-grade science
classrooms.

3
ARE YOU
ADDICTED TO
FACEBOOK?
We talked to experts
at the Center for
Internet Addiction to
offer you an instant
(but unofcial)
diagnosis.

SCHOOLS OPTING OUT Many teachers praised

Haley Sweetland Edwards coverage of the backlash against standardized testing in schools. One
of them, Ayla Tektas of Madison, N.J., suggested to
test-promoting politicians, Lets tie your salaries

and numbers of years you get to spend on the job

to the numbers of kids who dont go to bed hungry.

Carlos Rangel of Fletcher, N.C., though, was concerned that the article does not mention the poor
results U.S. students are getting when they compete with students from other countries.
OBAMAS EVOLUTION ON GAY MARRIAGE The
President is no fool, and understood the game
of politics, wrote RicardoRivera in response to an

article on Time.com by Zeke J. Miller reporting an

excerpt from David Axelrods new book; it describes
the President as privately backing marriage equality
in 2008 despite publicly saying he supported only
civil unions. (Axelrod says he and other advisers
encouraged that stance for political reasons.) On
Twitter, New York Times political reporter Nick Confessore linked to the piece, writing, More proof that
we in the media should be tougher on politicians
who say they evolve on an issue like gay marriage.

In The Ages of Royalty (Feb. 9), the wrong photo appeared with a caption about Kuwaits Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah.

Write to us
Send an email:
[email protected].
Please do not send
attachments

Put yourself to the

test with quizzes
covering
everything from
pop culture to real
estate to science.
Here, a preview of
whats available
at time.com/
quizzes:

Send a letter: TIME Magazine Letters, Time &

Life Building, New York, NY 10020. Letters
should include the writers full name, address
and home telephone and may be edited for
purposes of clarity and space

Customer Service and Change of Address For 24/7 service, please use our website:
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[email protected]. Advertising For advertising rates and our editorial
calendar, visit timemediakit.com. Syndication For international licensing and
syndication requests, email [email protected] or call 1-212-522-5868

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Please recycle
this magazine and
remove inserts or
samples before
recycling

time February 23March 2, 2015

W I L L I A M S : G E T T Y I M A G E S; I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y M I C H A E L H O E W E L E R F O R T I M E

The tennis stars essay on

her decision to play at the Indian Wells, Calif.,
tournament, which she had boycotted for 14
years over racist booing, was shared thousands
of times on Twitter and Facebook. Though a few
readers questioned whether the booing (which
came after sister Venus dropped out late in the
2001 tournament) was racially motivated, most
reactions were like this tweet from journalist
Judd Legum: Serena Williams = The Best/
My Hero. Georgetown professor Michael
Eric Dyson added in comments to the Nation
that her decision, after years of battle in a
largely white and sometimes hostile sport,
suggests the majestic arc of forgiveness
in black life that has helped to redeem
America.
SERENA WILLIAMS

NOW ON
TIME.COM

issue, we proled Erwiana

Sulistyaningsih, who became an
icon after speaking out about her
harrowing experience as an
Indonesian migrant domestic
worker. (She alleged that her
Hong Kong employer tortured,
starved and enslaved her.) On Feb. 10, after a sixweek trial that sparked migrant-worker protests
throughout Hong Kong, the employer, Law Wan-tung,
a 44-year-old mother of two, was convicted on 18
charges, including grievous bodily harm, failure to
pay wages and criminal intimidation. At the court,
Sulistyaningsihs supporters waved blown-up versions
of the drawing of her for TIME by Michael Hoeweler
(above). And she told reporters she plans to keep
ghting so that those in power start treating migrant
workers as workers and human beings and stop
treating us like slaves.

WorldMags.net
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Pick up a copy
in store today or subscribe at people.com
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Briefing

This show
doesnt deserve
an even slightly
restless host.

THE WEEK

GAY COUPLES
BEGAN MARRYING
IN ALABAMA

Netix
The videostreaming giant
said it would
expand into
Cuba

BECK NEEDS TO
RESPECT ARTISTRY,
AND HE SHOULD
HAVE GIVEN HIS
AWARD TO
BEYONC.

GOOD WEEK

K ANYE WEST, rapper, declaring that

BAD WEEK

Beyonc was more deserving of the

Grammy Award for Album of the Year

JON STEWART, host of Comedy

S T E W A R T, B A D W E E K , W E S T, G R I F F I T H : G E T T Y I M A G E S; G O O D W E E K : N E T F L I X ; P O R O S H E N K O : E PA ; I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y B R O W N B I R D D E S I G N F O R T I M E (2)

Centrals The Daily Show,

announcing that after 16 years on
the anchor desk, hell leave the
show this year

57

Uber

11
Number of weeks Taylor Swifts
1989 topped the Billboard 200,
making her the second woman
to accomplish the feat twice

He
grudgingly
accepted
the counsel
of more
pragmatic
folks like
me.
DAVID AXELROD,

42%
Percentage of Americans who dont
support private ownership of drones,
according to a Reuters/Ipsos poll

former political adviser

to President Obama,
saying in a new book
that Obama, at the
urging of Axelrod and
others, misled the
nation when he said he
opposed gay marriage
during the 2008
campaign

Rape allegations
against a driver
led the company
to add a panic
button in India

Number of
blocks of
cheese that a
Tennessee
couple was
accused of
stealing from
a Walmart

I would be very
uncomfortable
if I saw it.
MELANIE GRIFFITH, mother of Dakota

Johnson, on why she wont see the lm

adaptation of the erotic novel Fifty
Shades of Grey, which stars her daughter
as the female lead

There is no temporary solutionthis

conict must be resolved, not frozen.
PETRO POROSHENKO, Ukrainian President, calling for an immediate cease-re in his countrys eastern region, where pro-Russia

separatists are battling Ukrainian military forces. World leaders gathered in Belarus on Feb. 11 to address the crisis

time February 23March 2, 2015

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Sources: Reuters; AP; CBS; Believer: My Forty Years in Politics; Comedy Central; Billboard; E!; People

Brieng

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LightBox
Finishing Touches
A worker cleans an enormous oat on
Feb. 10 in preparation for the 2015
Rio de Janeiro Carnaval. The annual
festival, rst held in 1723, takes place
before the start of Lent and attracts more
than 2 million attendees.
Photograph by Pilar OlivaresReuters
FOR PICTURES OF THE WEEK,
GO TO lightbox.time.com

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WorldMags.net

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Brieng

WorldWorldMags.net
Europes AntiAusterity Contagion
By Ian Bremmer
At the height of the euro-zone crisis
in 201112, governments in Greece,
Spain and other cash-strapped countries were given enormous bailouts
in exchange for pledges to enact
reforms and accept painful austerity.
A few years later, progress has been
made, but voters in those countries
are growing tired of economic misery. In January a radical left-wing
party won elections in Greece by
promising an end to the pain: Syriza
says it will write off most of Greeces
$363 billion worth of debt and defy
further demands for austerity.
Some in Europe have begun to
fear that Syrizas deance will embolden similar movements in other
countries, fatally undermining all
that has been accomplished. Podemos, a left-wing anti-austerity party
in Spain, has already posted huge
gains in opinion polls. A Podemos
government could join Syriza-led
Greece in refusing calls for more
sacrice. Voters in Italy and France
might then join the protest. That
would spell an end to the euro
and perhaps to the E.U.
This isnt likely to happen. The socalled troikathe European Central
Bank (ECB), the European Commission and the International Monetary
Fund (IMF)and Germany, the

biggest contributor to Greek bailouts, have a great deal of leverage.

They have the money Athens needs
to keep the lights on, and for all of
Syrizas demands for concessions,
everyone involved knows that absent a negotiated deal, Greece will
default on its debt, and its economy
will collapse. Polling suggests that
Greek voters want an end to austerity, but strong majorities also want to
remain within the E.U. and keep the
euro. Syriza will have to cave.
Podemos is now telling voters
what they want to hear, but Syriza
will demonstrate that those things
arent true. Spains unemployment
remains well above 20%, but the
countrys economy is now growing
faster than the European average.
On election day this fall, few voters
will want to import Greek-style tur-

moil. Thats good news for the future of the euro zone.
But the over-the-top demands of
Greeces new leaders suggest they
might not recognize that theyre
ghting a war they cant win. If
Syriza overplays its hand, it could
generate enough scary headlines to
provoke a national banking crisis
ahead of critical repayments to the
IMF and ECB. If the Germans and
the troika are too complacent to offer Syriza a face-saving way to back
down, they could join Syriza in
stumbling into a debt default that
would force Greece out of both the
euro and the union.
Once that precedent is set, no
one knows where it might lead.

DATA

WORLD
CINEMA
Five countries
had movies
nominated for
the foreignlanguage
Academy
Award ahead
of the Feb. 22
ceremony.
Heres a
sample of
countries that
have won
Oscars in that
category:

Foreign-affairs columnist Bremmer is the

president of Eurasia Group, a political-risk
consultancy

Italy
14

Japan
4

A Madrid rally for Podemos in January shows the left-wing partys rising support
USSR/Russia
4

IRAN

Our negotiators are trying to

take the weapon of sanctions
away from the enemy.
AYATULLAH ALI KHAMENEI, Irans Supreme Leader, in a statement carried by the ofcial IRNA news agency

Argentina
2

Algeria
1

on Feb. 8, giving his strongest defense yet of his countrys negotiations with the U.S., Russia, China,
France, Germany and the U.K. over Irans nuclear program. Khamenei, the countrys highest authority,
has been skeptical of the negotiations even as Western sanctions have buffeted the countrys economy.
Diplomats are working to agree on the outline of a deal before a late-March deadline.

12

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By Noah Rayman

WorldMags.net
Trending In

POLITICS
Nigeria postponed
presidential elections
set for February
until March 28,
citing fears of
worsening attacks
by the Islamist group
Boko Haram. But
incumbent Goodluck
Jonathan, facing
strong opposition,
was accused of trying
to buy extra time to
make his case.

LAW

Use of Force
SYRIA Parts of the Douma suburb of Damascus were left in piles of rubble on Feb. 9 after what activists said were
attacks by forces loyal to President Bashar Assad. President Barack Obama asked the U.S. Congress on Feb. 11 for a
new, three-year authorization of war against the extremist Islamic State of Iraq and Greater Syria (ISIS). The group has
seized large parts of both countries amid the chaos. Photograph by Mohammed BadraReuters

ROUNDUP

Cuba Opens for Business

Streaming-media company Netix announced on Feb. 9 that it would make its service
available in Cuba, a largely symbolic move in a country where just 5% of people have
access to the World Wide Web. But as the U.S. government prepares to reassess its
embargo on the island nation, heres a look at the industries that are poised to benet:

Tourism

Energy

Agriculture

Health Care

Easing U.S. travel

restrictions could
pave the way for
an estimated
2 million Americans
to visit annually by
2017. U.S. cruise
companies will look
to add Havana to
Caribbean routes.

Cubas territory
may hold up to
4.6 billion barrels
of oil and massive
amounts of natural
gas. U.S. energy
companies will be
champing at the bit
for the chance to
tap those reserves.

The White Houses

move in January
to lift sanctions on
farming equipment
could help boost
domestic output
in a country that
currently depends
on imports for 80%
of its food.

Cubas premier
health care system
it has the lowest
infant-mortality
rate in the Western
hemispherewill
likely draw American
medical tourists
who are looking for
affordable care.

Japanese Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe
said he wants to
begin the process of
revising the countrys
pacist constitution
in 2016, to allow
Japan to respond
to threats posed
by groups like ISIS,
which killed two
Japanese hostages
in January.

DIPLOMACY
U.K.

$15.2
MILLION

The estimated value

of a copy of the
Magna Carta from the
year 1300 found in
a scrapbook in Kent,
England; the treaty,
rst written eight
centuries ago this
year, established the
principle that no one
was above the law

WorldMags.net

Paulina Vega,
Colombias newly
crowned Miss
Universe, said she
was ready and
willing to attend
peace talks between
her government and
Marxist rebels, after
the group invited her
to join negotiations
in Cuba aimed at
ending the vedecade conict.

M A D R I D, I R A N , U. K . : A P ; P O L I T I C S , L AW : R E U T E R S; D I P L O M A C Y: E PA

Brieng

NationWorldMags.net
Dixie Diehard An Alabama

MXGJHoJKWVWKHIHGVRQ
VDPHVH[PDUULDJH

BY JOSH SANBURN

the same-sex-marriage tide

was bound to hit a few new
barriers as it rolled across
the nation. And so as the U.S.
Supreme Court signaled yet
again that state bans would
soon be swept aside, Roy
Moore, the chief justice of the
Alabama Supreme Court, responded with a futile attempt
to hold back the sea change.
The disarray began on
Jan. 23, when U.S. District
Judge Callie Granade struck
down Alabamas same-sexmarriage ban, joining a
majority of federal judges in
circuits from coast to coast.
In response, the Alabama
Probate Judges Association
which represents the ofcials who issue marriage
licensestold member judges
that they must follow state
law regardless of the federalcourt ruling. Three days later,
Judge Granade claried her
order: all statewide public
ofcials, including probate
judges, were to comply.
As the case was appealed
to the U.S. Supreme Court,
Mooreknown for having
commissioned a 5,200-lb.
granite display of the Ten
Commandments at the state
supreme courthouse and defying a federal court order to
remove itstrode onto center
stage. (The tablet drama cost
Moore his seat in 2003; he was
re-elected in 2012.) Asserting
his authority as head of the
state judiciary, Moore instructed the probate judges to
uphold the ban. Granades authority applied only to the attorney general, who is part of
the states executive branch,
14

he argued, and not its judges.

On Feb. 9, when Granades
ruling took effect, confusion
and inconsistency ensued.
In some counties, same-sex
couples were wed without incident; in other jurisdictions,
state judges followed Moores
lead. Still others tried to split
legal hairs, accepting marriage applications but refusing to give out licenses.
In a very technical sense,
Moore is correct, says Ron
Krotoszynski, a law professor
at the University of Alabama.
However, from a wider angle,
hes quite wrong to suggest
that this order does not represent a binding ruling on
the constitutional status of
Alabamas ban on same-sex
marriage.
Similar federal court rulings have been implemented
in more than 25 states in recent months, including such
conservative bastions as Wyoming, Indiana and Utah. Only
the Midwestern 6th Circuit
Court of Appeals has upheld
state bansand that ruling
will be scrutinized by the U.S.
Supreme Court later this year.
Generally, state judges have
deferred to federal judges to
avoid these kinds of conicts,
says Carl Tobias, a University
of Richmond law professor.
Alabama, however, is different. The state has a history of
standing up to federal authority that dates back to the Civil
War. In June 1963, Governor
George Wallace blocked an
entrance to the University of
Alabama and dared the federal
government to integrate the
school by force. But the latest

Southern pride Demonstrators outside the Jefferson County courthouse on Feb. 9

clanging of the states-rights

bell is a faint echo of past
showdowns. This time, there
was no federalizing of the
Alabama National Guard, or a
phone call to the President.
The governor is not
standing at the door the way
Governor Wallace did on
desegregation, says Yale law
professor William Eskridge.
The attorney general isnt
saying, Lets defy this federal
injunction. This is really just
one ofcial, and he hasnt attracted a lot of support.
What Moores deance
shared with past episodes
was the odor of futility.
While only 32% of Alabamans favor same-sex marriage (tied for last in the U.S.
with Mississippi), the trend

WorldMags.net

WHAT MOORES
DEFIANCE
SHARED WITH
PAST EPISODES
WAS THE ODOR
OF FUTILITY
time February 23March 2, 2015

Brieng

A L A B A M A : TA M I K A M O O R E A L .C O M/ L A N D O V; B U S H : G E T T Y I M A G E S

WorldMags.net

nationwide is in favor of marriage rights, and the Supreme

Court appears ready to declare that same-sex marriage
cannot be a right in some
states but not in others.
No less an authority than
Justice Clarence Thomas sees
the handwriting on the wall.
Dissenting from the courts
decision not to second-guess
Granades ruling, Thomas
gave the strongest hint yet
that his colleagues are prepared to take the nal step.
On the matter of how the
court will rule on same-sex
marriage later this year, the
conservative justice wrote:
This acquiescence may well
be seen as a signal of the
courts intended resolution on
that question.

EDUCATION

POLITICS

Schoolhouse Rocked

High-Tech
Trouble

For years, top college

graduates clamored to
be accepted by Teach
for America (TFA), the
education juggernaut
that sends thousands
of new teachers to the
nations neediest schools
for two-year stints in the
classroom. But after 15
years of steady growth,
TFA may be losing some
of its allure: applications
to the program are down
10% compared with last
year, and the 2014 total
was 12% below that
of 2013.
The falloff has much
to do with the improving economy. During the
nancial crisis and recession, jobs were scarce
for graduates of even the
most elite universities.
The selective TFA program
offered a prestigious way
to try out teaching without
footing the bill for graduate school. Now that hiring
has rebounded, TFA faces
more, and often far-betterpaying, competition for
those top graduates.
But TFA, which since
its founding in 1989 has
been closely aligned
with both the charterschool movement and the
testing- and standardsbased model of education
reform, is also buffeted by
the charged debate over

public education. To TFAs

critics, the application
drop is evidence that more
aspiring teachers oppose
its approach to reform.
They argue that the way
to x ailing schools is not
by packing classrooms
with inexperienced new
teachers but by providing
higher salaries and better
training programs for
career educators.
Wendy Kopp, the
founder and CEO of
TFA, acknowledges that
the political vitriol
surrounding education
reform is an issue.
Theres just so much
more public controversy
than weve historically
contended with, she tells
TIME. A February report
by Bellwether Education
Partners, a nonprot
that often works with
reformers, found that
public criticism of TFA has
affected recruiting.
But Kopp points to the
increasing competition for
talent, especially among
technology rms, as a
more signicant culprit. In
the past, TFA could appeal
to young peoples sense
of idealism. These days,
she says, deep-pocketed
companies like Google
are all about making a
difference and changing
the world too.

NEW YORK COP PLEADS

NOT GUILTY IN FATAL SHOOTING
Nearly two months after a grand jury decided not
to indict a New York City police ofcer in the death
of Eric Garner, another city cop was charged in the
death of an unarmed black man. The ofcer, Peter
Liang, pleaded not guilty on Feb. 11 to charges
including second-degree manslaughter in the fatal
shooting of Akai Gurley. Liang had been on the force
for less than 18 months when he red a single
shot that killed Gurley inside the dark stairwell of
a Brooklyn housing project. NYPD Commissioner
William Bratton called Gurley a total innocent and
described the shooting as an unfortunate accident.

WorldMags.net

Ethan Czahor was a hiring coup

for Jeb Bushs all-but-certain
presidential campaign. The cofounder of Hipster.com offered
coding chops and Silicon Valley
cred rare among Republican
operatives.
But late on Feb. 10, barely
30 hours after TIME had reported
Czahors appointment as CTO
of Bushs Right to Rise PAC, the
tech guru was forced to resign.
The surprise divorce came after
reporterswith the help of
Democratic handsuncovered
old tweets and blog posts from
Czahor that were offensive to
women and minorities, the very
constituencies Bush needs to
attract in order to broaden the
Republican Party.
The abrupt turnabout on
Czahor highlights the GOPs
long-standing trouble recruiting
the talent needed to close
the tech gap with Democrats.
Bushs team was so eager to
get him on board, it neglected to
properly vet its star hire.
Part of the problem is
cultural. Despite its libertarian
economic instincts, Silicon
Valley tends to share the social
agenda of the Democratic Party.
In 2012, President Barack
Obama capitalized on that by
drawing top engineers from
leading tech outts to build the
most sophisticated political-data
operation in history. After the
GOPs defeat, the Republican
National Committee tried to
play catch-up, trumpeting
the hiring of former
Facebook engineer
Andy Barkett as its CTO.
Alas, Barkett had trouble
navigating the ways of
Washington, and he
was marginalized
before the 2014
election and
replaced in
January 2015.
ZEKE J. MILLER

Bush had to
abandon his
new CTO

15

Brieng

Nation

WorldMags.net

PILEUP

The Big Dig

Lee Anderson adds to a

snowbank in Somerville,
Mass., near Boston,
on Feb. 10

Boston gets buried by storms

BY SARAH BEGLEY AND SAM FRIZELL

16

$265 MILLION
Massachusetts economic loss every time state roads are
shut because of weather, according to research rm IHS

430
TONS
Amount of snow
melted every hour
at Bostons two
municipal snow
farms, vacant
plots where the
city dumps the
excess buildup

$30 MILLION
What Boston has spent cleaning up
snowy roads since Jan. 25

237,863
Miles plowed this winter
by Boston snow-removal
crews, as of Feb. 11

WorldMags.net

neighbors ghting over which

snowbank to shovel into, says
resident Joe Caprio.
Relief is unlikely to come
soon. Weather models forecast
winter-storm conditions for
several more weeks, says Jon
Gottschalck of the National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administrations Climate
Prediction Center. So Boston
could get the 30 more in. it
needs to top its all-time seasonal
record. Thats good news for
snow plowers, who have already shoveled enough snow to
ll the Patriots Gillette Stadium 90 times. After a dry spell in
December, says Frank Ippolito,
a plow-company owner, Mother Nature paid us back real fast.
time February 23March 2, 2015

JOSH REYNOLDS AP

even in boston, a city that

knows its way around a snow
shovel, this is getting to be a bit
much. The Hub was hit with
73.3 in. of snow from Jan. 12 to
Feb. 10, a 30-day record that led
to school closures, a shutdown
of the mass-transit system and
hundreds of millions of dollars
in economic losses for the state.
With more snow expected,
the city is running out of
places to put the stuff. The
state gave Boston permission
to dump excess snow into the
oceansomething normally
forbidden, as it adds pollutants
like road salt and motor oil to
the waterif the need arises.
(The practice was common
until the early 1990s.) We have

WorldMags.net

There isnt an app for this.

Live, learn, and work

with a community overseas.
Be a Volunteer.

peacecorps.gov
WorldMags.net

Brieng

WorldMags.net
Spotlight
Can the
Drones Be
Stopped?

As the U.S.s edge

in unmanned
DLUFUDIDGHVD
VFUDPEOHIRU
GHIHQVHV
BY MARK THOMPSON

washingtons global drone

monopoly has secretly and
not so secretly killed perhaps
5,000 people overseas in the
past dozen years. But it took
a drunken hobbyists 42-oz.
(1.2 kg) drone crash-landing
at the White House on Jan. 26
to make it clear to most
Americans that unmanned
aerial warfare is about to become a two-way street. That
$500 drone is the shape of
things to come both at home
and from enemies overseas.
The question is whether the
U.S. can nd the legal and
technical means to mount a
credible defense.
Only recently have computers and GPS satellites
made cheap and precise
drones possible. But a certied drone boom is now under
way: in the coming decade,
the rest of the world is expected to spend nearly 10 times as
much as the U.S. does to develop and produce drones
ranging in size from passenger pigeons to passenger jets.
More than 50 nations are
building close to a thousand
models. These things are a
real danger right now, says
retired Air Force general John
Jumper, who rst armed the
Predator seven months before
9/11. If al-Qaeda or ISIS could
get something into the U.S.
18

and y it to do mischief,
theyd do it this afternoon.
Drones already play a role
in everything from agriculture to weather forecasting
(and soon, if Amazon and
Dominos Pizza have their
way, home delivery). But for
every positive use, theres a
malevolent one, ranging
from nosy neighbors to drug
smugglers to terrorists.
The rules of the sky remain cloudy: the U.S. is still
drafting regulations to merge
unmanned aircraft safely
into the nations skyways.
We dont really have any
kind of regulatory structure
at all for it, President Obama
told CNN after the Chinesemade DJI Phantom landed in
his backyard. (The President
and First Lady were in India
at the time, although their
two daughters were at home.)
He has ordered the FAA and
other U.S. agencies to draft
rules to make sure that these
things arent dangerous and
that theyre not violating peoples privacy. But such ight
rules would apply only to
those willing to follow them.
When it comes to drones,
the U.S. could reap what
it has sown. Washington
always justied its use of

SMALL DRONES
OUTFITTED
WITH GOPRO
CAMERAS CAN
EASILY BECOME
PEEPING
DRONES
HARASSING
NEIGHBORS

Defending Against Drones

The U.S. is unprepared to deal with the proliferation
of unmanned aircraft now lling the skies

REGULATION

There are many drone no-y zones around

the world, and most operators respect
thembut not always. After a drone
strayed into White House airspace
recently, its maker modied its ight
software to ground its products in and
around Washington. Experts concede that
a determined intruder can get around
such precautions.

DETECTION

To stop a drone, you have to know its there.

A growing number of companies are installing
acoustic sensors that listen for the sound of
a drone. They are found at sensitive
government locations and the estates of
celebrities who are leery of airborne
paparazzi, but the sensors are confused by
other contraptions, like Weedwackers. And
they cant do anything to stop intrusions.

WorldMags.net

Brieng

WorldMags.net

JAMMING

A drone on a nefarious mission needs to be

guided, either by GPS signals or radioed
commands from its operator. Electronic
jamming can sever those links and doom the
mission or even give authorities control of the
drone. But such jamming is usually illegal
because it interferes with communications
ranging from cell phones to airliners.

I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y J A M E S O N S I M P S O N F O R T I M E

DESTRUCTION

Drones tend to be slow-ying and unarmed,

which makes them relatively easy to shoot
down. But experts fear that future
unmanned aircraft could be armed and
nimble, like the militarys fast, low-ying
cruise missiles, making them much harder
to detect and destroy.

time February 23March 2, 2015

lethal drones after 9/11 as a

self-defense tactic against
terrorists who wanted to
attack America. Better to
hunt down the bad guys in
their backyard, the logic
went, than to wait for them
to strike the U.S. again. By
that logic, terrorists seeking
further revenge will almost
surely send the drones humming our way for the same
reason. U.S. legal justication for its use of drones relies
on a global war concept
that treats the entire world
as a battleeld, an Army
military-intelligence ofcer
wrote in 2013. The policy, he
concluded, is myopic.
That policy may be especially shortsighted given the
lack of defenses against
drones. Smaller drones are
limited by range, payload and
speed. Larger drones may be
more lethal, but theyre also
easier to spot with radar
when ying high or with
eyes and ears when they are
ying low to elude radar.
The threat isnt only military. Larger drones can ferry
contraband, like one that
crashed into a Mexican parking lot just south of San Diego
on Jan. 20 with more than
6 lb. (2.7 kg) of methamphetamine aboard. Theyve also
been discovered trying to ferry drugs into prisons.
Sensor networks are popping up around government
buildings, including nuclear
sites and jails, to warn guards
of unscheduled deliveries.
Electronic jammers that cut
an operators control of a
drone are also an option, but
they are currently illegal, in
part because they can disrupt
cell phones, GPS devices and
aircraft signals needed for
safe ight.
Drones are increasingly
shredding the perception of

WorldMags.net

personal privacy as well.

Small drones outtted with
GoPro cameras to create nifty
aerial footage can easily become peeping drones harassing neighbors. Homeowners
can try to guard their privacy
by registering their addresses
at NoFlyZone.org, or by using
a $1,000 acoustic sensor that
will alert them to a drones
approach. But we only detect
them, says Brian Hearing of
DroneShield, an 18-monthold company that has installed such detectors at 200
sites around the world.
The U.S. government is so
concerned about the homegrown drone threat that it
held a closed-door session
with industry experts 10 days
before the South Lawn incident. Daniel Herbert, who
runs a Delaware drone business, attended the session,
which featured three small
drones carrying fake bombs.
The government, he said, had
a grim message: If these
things end up in the wrong
hands, they dont have the
tools to deal with them.
The most dangerous
drones may soon approach
the size of small planes, like
those own by the U.S. military overseas. Not only can
they y farther, but they can
also carry biggerand consequently deadlierpayloads,
ranging from bombs to missiles to weapons of mass destruction. Theres nothing
on the market right now
thats as sophisticated as a
Predator, says Jumper, the retired general. But that will
change. Its not too much of
a leap from where we are
now, he says, to a stealthy
cruise missile that you could
launch from a atbed truck
and y at a low altitude, making it extremely difcult to
pick up on radar.

19

Brieng

Tech

Solutions for America

WorldMags.net

SPOT

Allows owners
to rent out
their private
driveways and
garages over the
Internet, putting
more spaces up
for grabs

Park That Thing! Dataand the

startups that trade in itcould help

OHVVHQWUDFFRQJHVWLRQLQFLWLHV

BY KATY STEINMETZ

20

cascade of problems that are

caused by having to drive around
and hunt for spaces, says Donald
Shoup, an urban-planning professor at UCLA. Namely: slowing public transport, wasting fuel, more
congestion and dirtier air.
Studies suggest that up to 30%
of downtown drivers may just be
looking for a place to park their
cars. Shoups research, conducted
on 15 blocks near the UCLA campus, illustrates how a little cruising can add up. He and his students
found that the average time a driver spent hunting for parking was
3.3 min.; the average distance covered was a half-mile. That means
that over the course of a year, the
search for parking around just the
Los Angeles campus would add up
to 950,000 miles of travel, along
with 47,000 gallons of wasted gas

Aggregates
prices of lots
and garages so
drivers can nd
the best prices
in advance and
beeline to their
destination

SMARKING

Analyzes trends
in data to help
parking garages
adjust prices
automatically to
stay more full,
what they call
smart parking

WorldMags.net

time February 23March 2, 2015

S P O T; B E S T PA R K I N G ; S M A R K I N G ; I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y P E T E R A R K L E F O R T I M E

seabrook was on his way to

meet me. That was the name of
my valet from Luxe, a San Francisco startup that brings valet
parking to wherever customers
happen to be. In my case, that was
the busy, high-rise-packed city
center, where I have often circled
the block like a maypole in search
of a little unoccupied pavement.
This time Seabrook was there, in
his electric blue jacket, when I arrived. He whisked my car away and
then returned it hours later to the
same spot for $15. Thats less than I
would have paid for street parking,
had I been lucky enough to nd it.
Luxe may sound like another
absurd Bay Area convenience, but
its also one of many private and
public outts applying data science
to the decidedly old-fashioned
problem of city parking. Theres a

BESTPARKING

and 730 tons of greenhouse-gas

emissions. In a day, the amount of
cruising was more than the distance across the U.S., Shoup says.
A fundamental problem, experts
say, is that people expect parking to
be freeand often it is. As a result,
people will drive and drive rather
than just popping in the rst commercial lot they come to. And if
parking is too expensive, drivers often dont stop at all, depriving merchants of business and cities of tax
revenue. Its important to get the
price of parking right, says Shoup.
And that requires data. From
2011 until just recently, the city of
San Francisco ran a pilot program
called SFpark. Researchers embedded sensors in the pavement to
monitor when spaces were occupied and then adjusted meter
prices to drive trafc from packed
blocks to underutilized spots. The
prices for hot spots might be upped
to $4.25 an hour, while spaces two
blocks away were lowered to 25.
By the end of the test, drivers were
spending only half as much
timeabout ve minutes
looking for parking as they had before. We know we need to reduce
circling, says Lauren Mattern,
who oversees parking policy for
the city. We need to make our
streets safer by having fewer distracted drivers. Mattern is now
working to apply those lessons to
all of San Francisco.
Until then, tech companies will
keep trying to disrupt the parking
problem. Some, like MonkeyParking, have gotten in hot water
for trying to monetize public
spaces. But others are trying to
make paying for private parking
more attractive. Boston-based Spot,
which aims to be an Airbnb for
personal spaces, has been welcomed by city ofcials, in part because it has the potential to reduce
wasteful cruising. The opportunity is absolutely massive, says Spot
founder Braden Golub. Theres a
lot of unused space out there. And
Seabrook knows exactly where it is.

Bringing more energy

to the heart of your city.
Siemens answers are helping Americas downtowns flourish.

Cities are evolving. Urban spaces are swelling as more

people than ever look to live in these fast-paced
environments. To stay ahead, forward-thinking leaders
are turning to Siemens. Together we are optimizing city
infrastructures, which will attract both new residents
and new businesses.

mobility. Convenient transportation, reduced congestion,

and faster commute times make downtown areas more
accessible. By connecting communities, our mobility solutions
enable cities to thrive with new economic possibilities.
Somewhere in America, the people of Siemens are
designing vehicles that will carry cities into the future.

From San Diego to Charlotte, Siemens customizable

light-rail vehicles and streetcars are allowing for greater

siemens.com/rail
WorldMags.net

Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights Reserved.

WorldMags.net

Brieng

WorldMags.net
Milestones
FILED

DIED

For Chapter 11
bankruptcy,
RadioShack. The
retailer has lost
$936 million since it
was last protable,
in the fourth quarter
of 2011.

Dean Smith

AGREED

By Marvel Studios
and Sony Pictures
Entertainment, to
team up on the
Spider-Man franchise
for the big screen.
The character will
appear in a future
Marvel lm, and
the two studios will
collaborate on the
next Sony-owned
Spider-Man solo
feature.
DIED

Kenji Ekuan, 85, the

Japanese designer
of the Kikkoman
soy-sauce bottle. He
also worked
on designs
for the bullet
train and
Yamaha
motorcycles.
NAMED

Mueller, who was 26, in an undated photo provided by her family

Kayla Mueller American aid worker

On Feb. 10, U.S. ofcials conrmed the death of Kayla Mueller. Her captors, the Islamic State of Iraq and Greater Syria (ISIS), claimed she had
been killed in a Jordanian air strike; the truth may never be known. It is
certain, however, that Muellers own words will live on. In a letter she
wrote from captivity in spring 2014 and released now by her family,
Mueller insisted she would not give up. Here is an excerpt:
If you could say I have suffered at all throughout this whole experience
it is only in knowing how much suffering I have put you all through ...
None of us could have known it would be this long but know I am also
ghting from my side in the ways I am able + I have a lot of ght left inside
of me. I am not breaking down + I will not give in no matter how long it
takes. I wrote a song some months ago that says, The part of me that
pains the most also gets me out of bed, w/out your hope there would be
nothing left ... a.k.a.The thought of your pain is the source of my own,
simultaneously the hope of our reunion is the source of my strength. Please
be patient, give your pain to God. I know you would want me to remain
strong. That is exactly what I am doing. Do not fear for me, continue to
pray as will I + by Gods will we will be together soon.
All my everything, Kayla
22

STRIPPED

Chicago team Jackie

Robinson West,
of its title as U.S.
champions of the
2014 Little League
World Series. An
investigation found
the teams ofcials
had recruited players
from outside its
geographic area.

By Roy Williams
When I was an assistant under
coach Dean Smith, he would
take our team to practice in
front of the inmates at Central
Prison in Raleigh, N.C. It was
an eye-opening experience for
our young men and a way to
show those behind bars that
they were not forgotten.
That was so coach Smith,
who died Feb. 7 at 83. A
champion coach, for sure, but
foremost a teacher, a deeply
human individual who placed
a premium on social justice
and lifelong learningand
one of the most extraordinary
men Ive ever known. He was
a mentor to many, certainly to
me. Michael Jordan called him
a second father. He was a man
of conviction who spoke out
and took action where he saw
injustice, particularly in race
relations.
Tar Heel fans loved him for
his basketball accomplishments at the University of
North Carolina, and there were
many over the 36 years he was
head coach. His players loved
him for teaching them to be
men. I loved him for his gifts
of knowledge, loyalty, support
and compassion.
To all of us, his lessons live
on each and every day.
Williams is head coach of the mens
basketball team at the University of
North Carolina

DIED

Andr Brink, 79,

South African novelist
who wrote in both
Afrikaans and English
and whose books
came under re
from apartheid-era
censors.

WorldMags.net

Smith in 1993

time February 23March 2, 2015

M U E L L E R : M U E L L E R F A M I LY R E U T E R S; S M I T H : R I C H C L A R K S O N T H E L I F E I M A G E S C O L L E C T I O N/G E T T Y I M A G E S

DIED

Cathy Engelbert,
as CEO of Deloitte.
The 29-year veteran
of the company
becomes the rst
woman to lead a
Big Four accounting
and consulting rm.

Coaching
legend

tecture!
i
h
c
r
A
w
Ne

WorldMags.net

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COMMENTARY / TUNED IN

WorldMags.net
James Poniewozik

Twilight of the Evening Stars

Brian Williams and Jon Stewarts departures

show that anchoring isnt what it used to be
on feb. 10, we learned that one of
the most respected voices in the media would be leaving his anchor desk,
as would one of TVs biggest celebrities known for jokes and fake news.
That it is not immediately apparent which part of
that sentence refers to Jon Stewart and which to
Brian Williams tells you all you need to know about
status, authority and trust in the media today.
Stewarts and Williams careers had long seemed
connected. They were two self-deprecating guys
from Jersey who wore suits, sat at desks and talked
about the news. Stewart was a comic who developed a surprising authority commenting on serious events. Williams was a serious journalist who
developed a surprising ability to disarm audiences
on sitcoms and talk shows, Stewarts included.
Their paths converged, then diverged. Stewart,
at the height of his career, announced that later
this year he would leave The Daily Show, which
hed hosted since 1999. Williams, at a low point,
accepted a six-month suspension without pay from
NBC Nightly News after he was called out for falsely
claiming, on air, that a helicopter hed own on in
Iraq had been shot down by an RPG.
But even before that, the two mens careers made
a case study in the alliance between news and entertainment and in how cultural power had shifted
from voice-of-God superstar anchors to a new kind
of truth teller.

24

WorldMags.net

Stewart said of
his future plans,
Im going to have
dinner on a school
night with my
family, who I have
heard from multiple
sources are lovely
people.

time February 23March 2, 2015

BR AD BARK E T A P

illiams rise and downfall sum up the

contradictions built into the term anchor,
perhaps the most unglamorous title ever given to a glamour job. A ships anchor, after all, does its
job under the surface, unnoticed. A news anchors job
is to ride astride the prow of the networks agship
and be seen. And Williams was the best of his generation at being visible, before he came unmoored.
Williams cracked wise on 30 Rock and hosted
Saturday Night Live. He slow-jammed the news with
Jimmy Fallon and was a favorite of David Letterman.
A New York magazine prole celebrated his comic
stylings. He was as smooth on the couch as at the
deskquick, sly, terric timing, could tell a story.
One story he told more than most. In 2003, he
reported accurately on NBC that hed been on a helicopter ying considerably behind one that had been
shot down. But the tale got taller over time, until
on Nightly News itself, Williams reported attending

a New York Rangers hockey game with a soldier

whom he credited with saving his life when Williams chopper was hit. Soldiers who were there in
2003 called him out on Facebook, investigations ensued, and NBC suspended Williams, replacing him
temporarily with understudy Lester Holt.
Its an open question if Williams will really be
able to walk back into the job come August. But
whether he does or not, Williams is probably the
last of his breed of celebrity anchor well see on an
evening newscastfor reasons that have nothing to
do with whose helicopter got shot when and everything to do with the pitiless warfare of business.
Dinnertime news shows no longer have cultural
primacy. (Thank Stewart for that.) They dont have
the same power to drive the news cycle. (Thats cable
news and the Internet.) Above all, they dont have
the money, which has owed to morning shows. In
2013, NBCs Today alone generated more ad revenue
than all three big-network newscasts combined.
Splashing out to put a big name in the 6:30 chair
is a quaint remnant of a big-media, big-money
past. In 2011, CBS replaced Katie Couricthen the
priciest anchor, at $15 million per annumwith
the sturdy (and cheaper) Scott Pelley. Last year,
when Diane Sawyer left World News Tonight, ABC
tapped David Muiran honor for him but also an
admission that George Stephanopoulos (who got
the title chief anchor) was too valuable to take

WorldMags.net

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COMMENTARY / TUNED IN

WorldMags.net

away from Good Morning America and This Week.

Even Williams was a kind of postanchor anchor,
building his celebrity largely outside the Nightly
News itself. His brand wasnt based on gravitas so
much as wit and charm. Ironically, that likability
was more important to his image than being seen
as a death-defying correspondent, making his unforced error all the more perplexing.

26

got to see that show die not once but twice.) His 2010
Rally to Restore Sanity was passionate about Stewarts belief, usually frustrated by actual politics, that
you could appeal to peoples reason and sense of comity. And sometimes the show effected real change,
as when he made a cause clbre of a health bill to
support 9/11 rst responders, after it had been stymied in Congress. Stewart was an eye roller, not a st
shaker. But when he winced, he winced with feeling.
Stewart would be the rst to protest being put
on Williams level. Indeed, on a recent episode, he
half-defended his friend for being hounded over his
embellishments: Never again will Brian Williams
mislead this great nation about being shot at in a
war we probably wouldnt have ended up in if the
media had applied this level of scrutiny to the actual f-cking war. (That Williams was a general in
that very media in 2003, Stewart tactfully elided.)
But the anchors ship has sailed anyway; the
nature of authority has changed. Its not about a
father gure telling you, Thats the way it was but
a sardonic uncle saying, Heres how they get you to
perceive this as the way it was. It values integrity
over objectivity, passion over neutrality, truth telling over fact imparting.
The death of the anchor is in part the death of the
mass audience and cultural common ground. But
it may be a good thing. The anchor job has always
been built on a myth larger than any war story: that
news hosts were journalistic superbeings, dashing,
daring and deserving of unswerving trust. Williams and Stewart have one last thing in common.
They helped us let go of that illusion, in a sad week
for the news, be it real or fake.

WorldMags.net

Before his
suspension,
Williams was a
bedrock of NBCs
lineup, drawing
9.3 million viewers
a night

time February 23March 2, 2015

MARK LENNIHAN AP

dont buy the puritanical suggestion that

the siren call of fame tempted Williams into mendacity. You can be an entertaining character and a
substantive truth tellercase in point, Jon Stewart.
When he announced that he was stepping down,
that was the anchor change that really felt epochal,
like losing Carson and Cronkite at the same time.
Stewart can demur as much as he wants that hes
just a comedian. We all saw through that joke. Since
taking over from Craig Kilborn, whose Daily Show
was a shallower, snarky news parody, he became
the most loyally followed voice in late-night comedy and news alike.
And he earned it. So he was a fake anchor: his commentary was a kind of journalism nonetheless. The
Daily Show really came into its own with the same
story that set up Williams downfall, the Iraq War
or, as The Daily Show branded it, Mess OPotamia.
As WMDs failed to materialize, as the facts that built
the case for war proved less than factual, Stewart and
company hit a theme that later resonated in Katrina
and the nancial collapse: Maybe the traditional authorities and experts dont really know what theyre
doing. Maybe the press that was meant to put a check
on them has stopped checking. Maybe someone needs
to stand athwart history and declare, This is BS.
A big part of that critique undermined the authority of media, including real news anchors. The
Daily Show used satire and exhaustive research of
video clips to break down manias stretching from
Bush v. Gore to Ebola. Any honest media critic knew
that Stewart was doing the job better than the rest
of us. His show turned TVs own tools and language
against it to spotlight buffoonery and bad faith, hot
air and hypocrisy. Do that in print and youre an op-ed
columnist. Stewart and his writers simply managed
to nd a format that people paid attention to.
And pay attention they did. Stewart came out
on top of a 2009 Time online poll asking who was
the most trusted newscaster in America after the
death of Cronkite, and young viewers in particular
cited The Daily Show as a top source of information.
Stewart repaid the affection by caring. In a famous 2004 Crossre appearance, he begged the hosts
of the CNN shout show to stop hurting America. (It
is a tting send-off to Stewart that before he left, he

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COMMENTARY / IN THE ARENA

WorldMags.net
Joe Klein

With Friends Like These

Its time for an honest conversation about

Saudi Arabia and the roots of Islamist terrorism

G E T T Y I M A G E S (2)

we . . . see faith being twisted and

distorted, used as a wedgeor, worse,
sometimes used as a weapon, President Barack Obama recently told the
National Prayer Breakfast. We have
seen violence and terror perpetrated by those who
profess to stand up for faith, their faith, professed
to stand up for Islam, but, in fact, are betraying it.
We see ISIL, a brutal, vicious death cult that, in the
name of religion, carries out unspeakable acts of
barbarism. A pretty strong statement, one would
think. But it went largely unnoticed because of
what the President said next: that Christians should
be humble, because terrible actsthe Crusades,
the Inquisitionhad been committed in the name
of Christ. Undoubtedly true too. My family was
chased from Spain by the Christians in 1492, after
Jews had lived there for centuries peacefullyif not
totally freeunder Muslim rule.
assorted historical ignorami rose to challenge the President on the Crusades, including, sadly, former governor of Virginia Jim Gilmore, who
accused the President of not believing in America
and the values we share. But Im not going to waste
a column shooting ducks in a barrel. Im more interested in another question. Why is the President willing to say all that stuff about ISIS terrorists and not
call them what they actually are: Islamic radicals?
At rst glance, this might seem a classic case
of political correctnesswhich can be dened as
avoiding hard truths in order to salve soft sensibilities. Its certainly true that it is unfair to indict a
global faith followed by more than 1.6 billion people, the overwhelming majority of whom consider
ISIS an insane distortion of the Prophets teachings.
ISIS is a political movement, says Vali Nasr, dean
of the School of Advanced International Studies
and a former Obama Administration ofcial. It is
an anticolonial movement, an attempt to separate
whites from browns ... Why should we be coronating ISIS and giving it the credibility it craves by calling it an Islamic movement?
But ISIS is, most denitely, a twisted extrapolation of a religious-political trend that gained traction in the region about a hundred years ago, after
the egregious European gobbling, slicing and dicing of the Middle East. When you look at all the
straight-line borders in that part of the world, you
can be sure the locals didnt draw them. Anger over
time February 23March 2, 2015

AN UNEASY
PARTNERSHIP

EDUCATIONAL
EXCHANGE
Under initiatives
pioneered by the
late King Abdullah,
approximately
80,000 Saudi
students are
currently studying in
the U.S.

TRADING UP
Saudi Arabia is the
largest consumer
of U.S. foreign
military sales,
totaling upward of
$97 billion, and
exports to the
kingdom exceeded
$35 billion in 2013,
according to the
White House

TO RE AD JOES
BLOG POSTS, GO TO
time.com/swampland

the European usurpation is one thing Shiites and

Sunnis have in common. The Iranian revolution of
1979, which imposed a brand-new form of political
Shiism on a freewheeling country, was a reaction
to the Western-imposed government of the Shah.
On the Sunni side, the radical Salast movement
began in the late 19th century, also as a reaction
to Western imperialism and ideas. It has become a
powerful strand of thought in the Arab world.
We have a serious internal debate in one of the
worlds three great monotheisms, says Michael
Hayden, the former CIA director. It has to be faced
head on. It is ne to call the ISIS adherents thugs
and gangsters, but they are also Muslims. Of
course this is an Islamic issue, Hayden continues.
Its not about all Muslims or even the vast majority, but reactionary Islamic radicalismmilitant
Salasmis the source of the ongoing violence.
And the wellspring of Salasm is Saudi Arabias
extreme, expansionist Wahhabi Islamic sect. Part of
the reason Obama cant utter the words Islamic radicals is that we have not been able to have an honest
conversation about our Arabian ally. The Saudi royal
family is a source of stability in the region, and under
the late King Abdullah, it was a mild force for reform,
especially in education. But the Saudi elites have
funded not just al-Qaeda but also radical madrasahs
throughout the Islamic world. They do it cleverly,
privately, through charitable institutions. The impact has been enormous. In the 1990s, I asked Benazir
Bhutto of Pakistan how her country had changed in
the previous 25 years. I used to be able to go out on
the street wearing jeans and without a headscarf,
she said. I asked her why she couldnt do that now.
The Saudis, she replied, immediatelya reference
to the Saudi-funded madrasahs that were rapidly replacing the ineffective public schools in her country.
The Taliban came out of those madrasahs, just as a
great many of the ISIS criminals do now.
this is not just an obama problem. both presidents Bush were way too close to the royal family.
There is a secret section of a report by congressional
intelligence committees that may relate to the Saudi
role in the attacks. That section should be made public
now, as an ongoing suit by the families of 9/11 victims
has demanded. If we are going to continue to donate
American lives to the ghtand sadly, we must, to
protect our country from terrorist attackswe need
to be clear about exactly who the enemy is.

WorldMags.net

29

WorldMags.net
NATION

The best talent is

ocking to join her
campaign. But rst the
Clinton and Obama
teams must gure out
how to work together

G O

T I M E

By Michael Scherer

WorldMags.net

F O

O R

WorldMags.net

H I L L A R Y

Here she comes

A pro-Clinton sign outside a fundraiser in

Indianola, Iowa, last September signaled the
presumptive candidates intentions
Photograph by Brooks Kraft for TIME

WorldMags.net

NATION | POLITICS

WorldMags.net
T

he call came during perhaps the

darkest hour of the nastiest ght in
modern Democratic Party history.
After months of bitter sniping between
Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, vandals had attacked an Obama office in
southern Indiana in May 2008, breaking
windows, stealing an American ag and
spray-painting the future Presidents initials on the storefront with phrases like
hamas votes bho. Just a day before the
states primary, Obamas staff and volunteers were forced to abandon the building
for safer ground.
Thats when Mitch Stewart, Obamas
Indiana state director, took a call from Robby Mook, his counterpart and rival at the
Clinton campaign. He said, Hey, Im Robby. If your staff or volunteers need to move
out of an ofce, they can work out of the
Clinton ofces, remembers Stewart, who
initially thought Mook was joking. But the
Clinton operative was serious, effectively
proposing to share a trench in one of the
last battles of a brutal primary war. Stewart declined the offer, which never became
public, but he never forgot it. There was no
reason he had to do that at all, Stewart says
now. At a moment like that, the generosity
and kindness comes through.
Seven years later, such goodwill for
Mookand Stewart is by no means the
only Obama acolyte singing his praises
could pay dividends for the Democratic
Party and its favored nominee. Hillary
Clinton has tapped Mook, 35, as her likely
campaign manager. His task now, which
is occurring far from public view, is at once
overwhelming and delectable: to compile a
team of strategists, technicians, managers

and salespeople from the best of the Clinton

and Obama orbits for the most technologically advanced voter-mobilization effort in
history. Thats the easy part. Mook will then
have to make that group, with its competing egos, allegiances and agendas, work as
one under the spotlight of a general election.
As an official matter, this operation
does not exist yet, and the senior players
have been instructed not to cooperate
with reporters looking to divine details of
Clintons still unannounced vision. But as
word has spread about the Obama talent
signing up for Clintons campaign, some
outlines of her thinking on 2016 have been
revealed. Just as personnel choices often
determine policy priorities at a new White
House, staff lists can augur a road map
for a campaign. And so far, those signals
point to a campaign that is being designed
to avoid the missteps of Clintons rst run
for President while taking advantage of the
technical genius of Obamas two successful
campaigns. The failures of 2008 were many
and glaring, but among the biggest was the
fact that Clintons message was focused on
her ready on Day One experience, casting
her more as an inevitable force of nature
than a human being with a story accessible
to voters. The campaign also suffered from
a senior team that divided against itself in
spats that became deeply personal, often
spilling into the press.
Even worse, it was out of date from the
start, built for a 1990s-style general election
that did not prot from the technological
advances that made raising small donations and organizing volunteer networks
easier than ever before. Instead of embracing the future, Clintons senior advisers

earned a reputation for mocking it. They

look like Facebook, Clintons pollster
Mark Penn famously told a colleague, derisively describing the young people who
turned out to cheer Obama in Iowa. The
Facebook candidate went on to win the
nomination, and Clinton, who became a
huge supporter of online organizing at the
State Department, made it clear that she
would not miss the digital boat again.
The Reset
the team taking shape now is designed to leave these problems in the past.
Mook, who worked for Clinton and won in
three states during the 2008 campaign, is

TEAM CLINTON MERGES WITH TEAM OBAMA

32

ROBBY MOOK

JIM MESSINA

JIM MARGOLIS

The likely Clinton campaign manager started in presidential politics as

a eld operative for Howard Dean

Obamas 2012 campaign manager has

become co-chairman of a super PAC
raising money for the Clinton effort

Obamas adman and storyteller,

he has signed up for a candidate he
once attacked

WorldMags.net

WorldMags.net
ads. Margolis will be joined again by Joel
Benenson, 62, the lead pollster for both
Obama presidential campaigns, who
helped craft the change message that
Obama used to defeat Clintons promise of
experience in 2008.
The entire effort is expected to be
overseen by John Podesta, 66, a veteran of
both Bill Clinton and Obamas Administrations, who will join the campaign as
a chairman. Podesta, more than anyone
else, should be the bridge between the
no-drama culture of Obamaland and the
more rough-and-tumble instincts of the
Clinton dynasty. Other Clinton veterans,
including admaker Mandy Grunwald, 57,
are expected to return as well. The goal, of
course, is to go to voters with the best of
both camps. This is not going to be the old
Clinton campaign, says Joe Trippi, Deans
old campaign manager, who has been
watching the formation from a distance.
Again I think it will be the Republicans
playing catch-up.
a eld specialist steeped in the latest arts
of organizing, having worked on Howard
Deans 2004 people-powered campaign to
pioneer the sort of house-party-focused operations that Obama mastered. His partner
on the campaign trail, Marlon Marshall,
35, helped lead Obamas 2012 eld program
before working at the White House and is
expected to return to Clintonland. They
are expected to be joined by Teddy Goff,
29, who ran digital operations for Obama
in 2012, rening a high-tech machine that
raised about $504 million through online
efforts in the 2012 cycle.
Clinton has also recruited two of her
former foes from Obamas fold, despite the

Looking like a candidate Clinton

smiles for a fans sele at a Maryland

gubernatorial campaign rally last fall

roles they played in her 2008 downfall. Jim

Margolis, 59, the two-time Obama campaign adman, helped author the Obama
story and was directly responsible for the
devastating one-minute Iowa television
ad that cast Clinton as an insider running the same old Washington textbook
campaigns. His rm has close ties with
the analytics wizards of the 2012 Obama
campaign, led by Dan Wagner, suggesting that Clinton will focus once again
on improving the targeting of campaign

The Coming Clash

the question of how all of these people will get along is now the talk of political
circles, though both camps are presenting a unied face before anything has a
chance to go wrong. The question for any
staff is, Are you able to develop and execute
a campaign plan with a complete focus on
the best interests of the candidate? says
Ben LaBolt, Obamas 2012 spokesperson,
who plans to sit this cycle out. There is
certainly an attempt to do that.
But the past is never past, as the saying goes, and the talk of this precampaign
season is whether the unity will last. By

JOHN PODESTA

JEN PALMIERI

TEDDY GOFF

A wise man for Presidents Clinton

and Obama, Podesta will take a
senior role overseeing the operation

A former John Edwards aide, she has

since worked in communications for
Podesta and Obama

He helped raise more than

$500 million online for Obama in 2012,
making him an early 2016 recruit

WorldMags.net

C L I N T O N : J O N AT H A N E R N S T R E U T E R S; M O O K , P O D E S TA , G O F F : G E T T Y I M A G E S; M A R G O L I S , M E S S I N A : A P ; PA L M I E R I : R E U T E R S

33

NATION | POLITICS

WorldMags.net
some measures, the facade has already begun to fall apart.
On Feb. 9, David Brock, a longtime
Clinton ally and a veteran of the 1990s
political wars, resigned his post on the
board of Priorities USA Action, a super
PAC founded by Obama veterans that
had been designated to fund a blistering television-ad campaign on behalf of
Clinton before the coming general election. He accused unnamed members of
the group of orchestrating a political
hit job against his principal fundraiser,
Mary Pat Bonner, who reportedly receives
high commissions in excess of 12% on the
money she raises. Frankly, this is the kind
of dirty trick Ive witnessed in the right
wing and would not tolerate then, wrote
Brock, who had a career as a conservative
Clinton basher before switching sides. He
defended Bonners fees as a small price to
pay for the enormous sums she raises for
progressive causes, including his groups.
The break was the first big test of
whether the two camps will be able to
merge their operations or nd themselves
competing over control in the back rooms.
Prioritieswhich is run by Buffy Wicks,
a former Obama-campaign staffer, and
co-chaired by Jim Messina, Obamas 2012
campaign chairmandenied any involvement in the leak. Brock is a Clintonland
favorite, both because he raises vast sums
and because he is ercely loyal. But the animosity among Obama loyalists for Brock,
a political knife ghter not known for lowering temperatures, was impossible to conceal. He is a cancer, said John Morgan, a
Florida lawyer and Obama fundraiser, to
the New York Times.
Such name-calling wouldnt matter if
Clintons allies had not helped set up Brock
and Priorities as partners for the coming
campaign. Brocks opposition research
group, American Bridge 21st Century,
has become the go-to shop for digging up
dirt on Republican candidates and is expected to work closely with Priorities in
its messaging strategy. Now Democrats
fear that the public nger-pointing could
exacerbate a divide within the Democratic donor class about whom to trust with
their money, drying up funding streams
just as the taps need to open wider. In a
34

It will fall to
Mook to mediate
many disputes
while trying to
run a billiondollar campaign

matter of hours after Brocks resignation

letter leaked, Priorities staff and Brock released joint statements saying they were
both committed to working together. The
Priorities statement was signed by cochairwoman Jennifer Granholm, a longtime Clinton supporter and the former
Michigan governor. Messina, the groups
other co-chair, was notably absent from
the statement, suggesting the potential
for more reworks to come. This is just a
blip, says one Democratic insider. But it
will be one of many blips.
As in most large organizations, the
blips could tilt the scales. Just how Clinton handles her operation this time, amid
a swirling narrative that she is unable to
enforce order, will be a major test. Everybodys on board, explains a second party
veteran with links to both camps. But
on board what? Who is going to be in the
room when she makes a big mistake? Her
team isnt a lot of people, but they take up a
lot of oxygen. I think they are going to deal
with the Obama operation as independent
contractors.
The Deacon
it will fall to mook to mediate many
of these disputes while trying to run a
billion-dollar campaign. That sounds impossible and may well be, but if you could
create a relentless supermanager to keep
the peace, that person would look a lot
like Mookyoung, calm and technically
adept, with a long record of winning both
elections and the allegiance of his team.
He won high marks last year by leading a near awless campaign for Virginia governor by Terry McAuliffe, one of
the Clintons closest advisers. Nobody

WorldMags.net

could have executed that campaign better, McAuliffe told Time about working
with Mook. In Clinton world there are
a lot of friends, a lot of people who want
to help, and what he is able to do is direct
all of their energy in a positive way. He
can make sure campaign staff can do their
jobs without losing focus.
Just a year earlier, the organizer who
calls himself the Deacon on a private email
listserv of allies literally helped write the
book, for a group called the New Organizing Institute, on how campaign managers
should run 21st century engagement
campaigns that focus on motivating voters to see elections as movement-building
moments. The bottom line: you cannot
abandon traditional television ads and
campaign craft, but you also have to expand the base turnout by exciting people
in a way they dont expect.
Hillary had a hard time in 2008 telling her story, making herself accessible as
a human being for voters, says Marshall
Ganz, the Harvard scholar of movement organizing who helped inspire a generation
of Democratic operatives, including Mook.
In 2008, Clinton would say things like I
am not running because I am a woman, a
phrase meant to impart her experience but
which dissuaded some female volunteers
from rallying around her. There is a big
difference between marketing and movement building, Ganz explains.
The first campaign Mook ever ran
was a small one, a state-delegate race in
northern Virginia in 2005 on behalf
of Dave Marsden, who won big with
fewer than 13,000 votes. One of the campaigns mottos: Finally, something to get
excited about.
Marsden is facing re-election again this
year, and when he heard Mook was up for
running a top spot in the Clinton campaign, he texted a message to his former
aide, offering to pay $100 more a month
than Hillary if he came back to his campaign. Mook wrote back, saying he would
consider the offer. I may go to offering
him $200 more, joked Marsden. Its either Hillary or me. with reporting
by michael duffy, haley sweetland
edwards, zeke j. miller and jay newton-small/washington

time February 23March 2, 2015

WorldMags.net
A p a r k i s a g i ft .
(Pa s s it on.)

ph oto : darc y k i e f e l

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WorldMags.net

SUDAN
WORLD

THE FORGOTTEN WAR

THE WORLD HAS
MOVED ON, BUT THE
SUFFERING CONTINUES
BY ELIZABETH DIAS

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The displaced A refugee from

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Sudans Nuba Mountains

shes in South Sudan
PHOTOGR APH BY ANDRE W MCCONNELL

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WORLD | SUDAN

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udans foreign minister Ali Ahmed Karti

wanted to talk about Jesus, not the mounting
allegations that his countrys military forces have
committed war crimes.
I deem myself a follower
of Jesus, Karti, a devout
Muslim, told Time on
Feb. 4 in his suite at the
Washington Hilton, as his aide served
mint-avored water. His directives are
suitable for Muslims and for Christians.
The hotel where he spoke was lled
with thousands of religious and political
leaders from different faiths and nations
bringing much the same message to an annual gathering hosted by the Fellowship
Foundationan under-the-radar, conservative evangelical organization that calls
itself a network of friendsthat takes
place every year in Washington as part
of the National Prayer Breakfast. For two
days, dignitaries like the Dalai Lama and
Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao mingled
behind closed doors, chatting about everything from Jesus to Middle East peace negotiations, before they received an address
from President Barack Obama. When we
come together on this basis, I think it will
be easy for us to get through and open
hearts, Karti said.
But Kartis presence, at a time when
he is lobbying to remove Sudan from the
U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism,
nonetheless made many uncomfortable.
Senator Bob Casey Jr., a congressional cochair of the Breakfast, objected to Kartis
invitation to a meeting the Fellowship
had scheduled with Secretary of State
John Kerry and other diplomats during
Kartis visit. Over the past three decades,
Sudans government has been implicated
in what Congress has termed two genocides, one in the nations south that cost
as many as 2 million lives, in part from
famine, and one in the nations western
province of Darfur, where an additional
300,000 people died, according to the U.N.
The countrys President, Omar Hassan alBashir, has been indicted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes and
crimes against humanity. Karti oversaw
the Popular Defense Force militias for a
time during the rst genocide. According
to State Department cables released by
40

WikiLeaks, Karti is also credited with organizing the janjaweed militia, the brutal
forces that terrorized Darfur.
The trouble continues. As Karti spoke
of his affection for Jesus and his teachings, the NGO Human Rights Watch
(HRW) was preparing to reveal a report
on gruesome mass rapes in late October
in the Darfur village of Tabit, perpetrated by the Sudanese Armed Forces. And
miles away, in the center of Sudans South
Kordofan region, reports of civilian casualties from government bombing and
artillery were arriving daily, as the dry
season allows Khartoum to resume its
campaign to reassert control in its border states. Just three weeks earlier, on
Jan. 20, the Sudanese air force bombed a
Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) hospital
for the second time, closing the facility
and forcing MSFs Belgian team to pull
its mission out of the country completely.
It is not any different than what is happening in Syria, says Tom Catena, a U.S.
surgeon who runs the only full-scale
hospital for the nearly 1 million civilians
caught in the Nuba Mountains region of
South Kordofan. It just has been going
on three decades longer.
When Time questioned Karti in Washington about these reports, the Foreign
Minister grew testy. Karti repeatedly denied any government wrongdoing, even
when a reporter showed him an iPhone
with photos taken days earlier by Catena
displaying burned children and legless
women, victims who had told Catena
they were hit by government forces. Karti
insisted that the government targets only
combatants. Nothing of that is happening, Karti said, averting his eyes from
the images. Nobody is targeting his own
people. What happens is that those rebels,
they get in the villages sometimes, they
do it themselves, and they send it to you,
to here, to the media.
The U.S. government disputes Kartis
denial. Aerial bombardments by the government are routineit is the only force
in the region with planesand the violence is one reason for the continued U.S.
sanctions against Sudan. The tactics used
tend to have a greater impact on civilian
populations, says Donald Booth, U.S. Special Envoy to Sudan and South Sudan. We
have continually urged the government
of Sudan to avoid targeting civilian popu-

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lations and trying to use civilians in the

military strategy they are pursuing.
The most damning evidence against
the government of Sudan came in the
HRW report documenting mass military rapes in Tabit. Though the African
Union United Nations Mission in Darfur
(UNAMID) failed to nd evidence that the
rapes happened at allgovernment forces
prevented peacekeepers from carrying out
a credible investigation, and Sudan eventually shut the UNAMIDs human-rights
ofce in Khartoum before expelling two
senior U.N. officials from the country
altogetherHRW spent two months compiling evidence of the deliberate Sudanese
army attacks.
At least 221 women and girls were
raped in Tabit over 36 hours beginning
on Oct. 30, 2014, the report found. HRW
recorded 27 rsthand reports of rape, 194
other credible accounts of rape, and even
confessions by two soldiers who said
superior ofcers ordered them to rape
women because the women were rebel
supporters. Authorities then launched a
cover-up, HRW found, which included detaining and torturing Tabit residents for
telling the truth about what happened.
Its the same strategy, the same tactics,
by the same people, says Andrew Natsios,
the former U.S. Special Envoy to Sudan
under President George W. Bush.

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The ongoing fight Sudan government and

paramilitary troops celebrate a victory in

an area held by rebels in South Kordofan

EGY PT
Red

ea

SUDAN
CHAD

Khartoum
DARFUR
SOUTH
KORDOFAN

CENTRAL
A FR I C A N
R E P U B LI C

ET H I OPI A

SOUTH
SUDAN

P R E V I O U S PA G E S : U N H C R ; T H E S E PA G E S : A F P/G E T T Y I M A G E S

Juba

Karti said any claims of rape in Tabit

were lies invented to keep people in refugee camps, where NGOs can make money. Tabit has been rebuilt, he added, with
modern schools, health care and police
centers. Nobody can expect a village like
Tabitwhich had been a home for some
hundreds of the soldiers there, they have
their homes there, they have their wives
there, and they are living in a camp near
that placeno one will expect those soldiers will come and rape by hundreds in
that village, he asserted. Not only the
police is there, but the army is there, and it
will protect you against anyone who will
infringe your security.
time February 23March 2, 2015

The Forever War

giving the associates of alleged war
criminals permission to visit the U.S. is
a reminder that the Obama Administration has complex goals in Africa. Obama
entered the White House as a Sudan
hawk; his 2008 campaign criticized the
Bush Administration for inaction, and his
Blueprint for Change promised immediate steps to end the genocide in Darfur. He
also co-sponsored the 2006 Darfur Peace
and Accountability Act, which denied
visas and entry to any individuals or associates responsible for acts of genocide, war
crimes or crimes against humanity in Darfur. Nicholas Kristof of the New York Times
hailed Obamas election as a new chance
for Darfur. Sudan fears the Obama Administration, Kristof wrote in December
2008, and now for the rst time in years,
theres a real chance of ousting President alBashir and ending his murderous regime.
That never happened. If anything,
trying to craft policy on Sudan has only
become more complicated. South Sudan
gained independence in 2011a development Booth champions as a White House
accomplishmentbut Sudans division
failed to end the violence. The north kept
the Two Areas of South Kordofan and
Blue Nile, which both border South Sudan
and in which rebel groups, many of whom
used to be allied with what is now South

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Sudan, are still deeply entrenched. As the

two countries split, the southern areas of
Sudan saw an inux of government and
rebel ghters who were returning home
from battlegrounds farther south. Soon
that border region was dubbed the new
South, replacing the now independent
South Sudan that had been the source of
rebellion against Khartoum for the past 30
years. Fighting between the government
and an array of rebel groups in the region
has been ongoing in the years since, with
both sides accused of targeting civilians.
In late 2013, the Sudan government deployed newly created, paramilitary Rapid
Support Forces, recruited from the remnants of the janjaweed, to the region. At
the same time, Khartoum grew tangled
in South Sudans new civil war, which
has already seen 50,000 dead and 2 million displaced since ghting broke out in
December 2013 between factions loyal to
President Salva Kiir and to former Vice
President Riek Machar. You have a failed
state, and you split it into two. What do
you get? asks Omer Ismail, a senior adviser for the nonprot Enough project, which
aims to end genocide and crimes against
humanity. You get two failed states.
While all this has unfolded, Sudan has
launched a charm offensive in the West.
Sudans President al-Bashir has had a relatively successful few years in Washington,
as his government lobbies to get out from
under U.S. sanctions, which prohibit the
import of Sudanese goods or services to the
U.S. and the export of U.S. goods, services
and technologies to Sudan. Karti had two
meetings with Kerry in 2013, as well as a
meeting with former Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton the year before. Karti addressed the U.N. General Assembly in September and then gave a keynote at the U.N.
International Day of Peace in Charlotte,
N.C., an event hosted by a local, interfaith
United Religions Initiative group.
Ibrahim Ghandour, the deputy chairman of al-Bashirs National Congress Party,
came to Washington the week following
the National Prayer Breakfast to meet with
Booth, two days before HRW released its report on the mass rapes. Right now we are
41

WORLD | SUDAN

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Standing before the world Sudan Foreign
Minister Ali Ahmed Karti addresses the U.N.
General Assembly in 2013

42

ily criticized. According to the U.N., the Sudanese Armed Forces burned an average of
about 22 villages a day in Darfur over the
rst half of last year. What the Sudanese
have liked to do in the past is basically to
say, O.K., tell us what we need to do, one,
two, and three, and then if we do it, then all
this will go away, Booth says. What we
found is in general, that while they can say
we didnt follow throughweve moved
the goalposts is an argument we hear a
lotthere were also other things that happened. Natsios puts it more bluntly: The
Sudanese government signs agreements
all the time, and then they never follow
them. Theyre just pieces of paper.
Turning the Page?
though the killing hasnt stopped,
Sudan is no longer the cause clbre it
once was. There is no shortage of other

THE SUDANESE GOVERNMENT

SIGNS AGREEMENTS ALL THE
TIME, AND THEN THEY NEVER
FOLLOW THEM. THEYRE JUST
PIECES OF PAPER.
andrew natsios, former u.s.
special envoy to sudan

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time February 23March 2, 2015

E D U A R D O M U N O Z R E U T E R S

trying to begin a more serious discussion

with them about the range of issues that
are of concern to us, says Booth, and they
in turn will continue to raise the issues of
concern to them.
The Sudan government also hired D.C.
lawyer Bart Fisher in 2011 to help Khartoum unravel the U.S. sanctions. Fisher,
who runs his own law ofce, petitions the
Treasurys Ofce of Foreign Asset Control to
free specic sectors for trade and commerce.
(His license does not allow him to lobby.) He
works the legal end to do everything from
permitting Sudan to import spare parts for
civil aircraft to laying the groundwork for
Khartoums having an Apple Store one day.
Right now he is working to open commerce for the White Nile Sugar Co., which
runs the worlds largest and cheapest vertically integrated sugar-production facility, in Sudans West Nile Statea mill
that he says supports some 50,000 people
in the region. The truth of the matter is
that this regime in Sudan has done what
it said it would doit allowed South Sudan to secede, Fisher says. Obama hinted
strongly he would relieve sanctions if Sudan carried out the Comprehensive Peace
Agreement. Thats sort of like Charlie
Brown and Lucy moving the football.
Its not so simple. Its true that the Sudan
government has been ghting an array of
rebel groups, but its tactics have been heav-

foreign crises demanding global attention, from ISIS to Syria to Ukraine, and
2016 presidential hopefuls have, so far,
all been silent on Sudan. The Obama Administration says it continues to press
both Khartoum and armed opposition
groups. The message to both is similar:
There is no military solution to this sort
of internal conict, only a political one.
The Administration has paid a lot of attention to Sudan and South Sudan and
will continue to do so, Booth says. Our
primary focus is on trying to bring about
an end to the ongoing conicts, so that
those who are alive can remain alive, and
to end the suffering of people in Darfur
and in the Two Areas.
This is an ambitious goal. Fighting
continues on both sides of the Sudan
South Sudan border, perpetrated by
rebel groups and government forces. So
does the suffering. Catena, the surgeon
who runs Mother of Mercy Hospital in
the Nuba Mountains, is left to treat the
burned children that Karti dismissed.
The hospital is just now overcoming a
measles epidemic1,400 patients were
admitted with the highly contagious
disease over the past eight months. The
Sudanese government blocks all humanitarian aid to the region, which means the
population gets no vaccines or drugs for
common but deadly ailments like TB or
malaria. Yet the reaction in the West is
muted. Sudan deserves better, says the
Enough projects Ismail. We need the
world to hear from us.
Karti believes the U.S. may somehow
decide to bring an end to its sanctions regime, much as it recently began to with
another outlaw country after a 50-year
trade embargo. Maybe, through time,
well be able to go through the same line
of Cuba, says Karti. It seems Khartoum
believes that its crimes are in the past
and the rest of the world should move
on. Or as Fisher puts it: With Sudan, its
time to turn the page. But the lessons of
Cuba suggest the opposite. When both political parties agree, the U.S. can be slow to
forgive or forget. with reporting by
noah rayman/new york

WorldMags.net
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WorldMags.net

Ascent Miners at the

Chelyuskintsev coal mine in the
Petrovskyi district of eastern
Ukraine ride an elevator
toward ground level

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WorldMags.net

WORLD

BENEATH THE
FRONT LINES
As political leaders sit down for a new round
of peace talks, a brutal ground war is tearing
apart Ukraines coal-mining heartland
Photographs by Jerome Sessini

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WORLD | UKRAINE

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alf a mile below the battleeld in eastern Ukraine,
the team of coal miners
didnt hear the impact of the
mortar that nearly killed
them on Nov. 22. The projectile struck the shed that
houses the mines electrical
circuits, shutting down the ventilation system
and the elevator in the mines deepest shaft. More
than 50 men were now trapped down below.
Jerome Sessini, a French photographer, was
with them that day in the mine, which is in the
Petrovskyi district. Also present was the deputy director of the mine. Everything is O.K.,
Sessini remembers hearing the mine ofcial
say. Just walk and everything will be ne.
But the fear showed in the deputy directors
eyes as he knew the danger they faced: they had
enough oxygen for about two hours before they
would suffocate.
In the end the miners were luckier than many
of the civilians trapped in the cross re in eastern Ukraine. Since it started in April, the war
between government forces and Russian-backed
separatist rebels has taken more than 5,000 lives,
many of them lost to the notoriously inaccurate
rocket launcherswith Russian names meaning hurricane and hailthat both sides of
the conict use against each other.
The U.S. and its European allies have struggled to stop or even slow the carnage. A peace
deal that the Western powers brokered in September was frequently violated by both sides
before collapsing in January when the rebels
launched a new offensive, seizing towns and
taking control of a strategic airport near the city
of Donetsk. According to the Ukrainian government and Western ofcials, the rebel forces are
getting their weapons and ghters from Russia.
Moscow denies any military involvement in
the conict.
Vladimir Putin, the Russian President, has
resisted Western pressure to negotiate a ceasere in Ukraine, even as the U.S. and Europe
have tightened economic sanctions on Russia.
Pleading for more Western support, Ukrainian
leaders have meanwhile asked for supplies of
what they call defensive arms, such as antitank
weapons and reconnaissance drones, to ght the
advanced Russian hardware now in rebel hands.
But President Barack Obama has so far avoided
arming Ukraine.
I have not made a decision about that yet,
Obama said on Feb. 9 during a press conference
in Washington. Standing beside him, German
Chancellor Angela Merkel placed her hopes on

Men at work A miner gestures to a

supervisor at a storage area for coal

situated at the back of the mine complex
46

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ALL PHOTOGR A PHS: MAGNUM

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47

WORLD | UKRAINE

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the peace talks that were due to commence the
following day in Minsk, Belarus, involving envoys from Russia, Ukraine and the separatists
as well as European mediators. Maybe nothing
will come out of it, Merkel said. But I myself
would not be able to live without having made
this attempt.
Merkels realism is understandable. The battles to control the eastern regions of Donetsk
and Luhansk have reduced their neighborhoods
and villages to shrapnel-pocked ghost towns,
their residents either eeing their homes or
cowering in basements and bomb shelters left
over from World War II.
Ukraines coal industry, which was the fourth
largest in Europe only a year ago and the engine
of the national economy, has been paralyzed
by the ghting. Sixty-six of eastern Ukraines
mines had been closed by the time winter set
in, according to Euracoal, a Brussels-based trade
association, and just 60 remained in operation.
The drop in productiondown almost 60%
in October compared with the same month a
year earlierhas created a critical shortfall just
when the fuel is needed most to heat homes and
produce electricity.
The miners who have stayed behind to work
often go without paychecks for months, hoping
to be compensated once the war subsides. They
try to show they are having a normal life, Sessini says. But you can see in their faces a kind of
anger and frustration and depression.
Some of those who blame Ukraine for their
suffering have joined the separatist militias and
placed their hopes in a broader Russian incursion to push the Ukrainian forces back. But the
vast majority of miners have tried to stay on the
sidelines, sometimes helping to clear the dead or
nd victims among fresh rubble.
Belowground, as the miners continue their
work and mortars continue to rain down from
both sides of the conict, they are as likely to
become casualties as they are to become rescue workers. The miners ultimately escaped
from the blacked-out mine shafts that day in
November on a rusted cable car powered by a
small rescue generator. It took the men half an
hour to nd it, using only their headlamps to
light the way, but it allowed them to travel by
an underground railroad to an elevator that ran
off a power source unaffected by the shelling.
With less than an hour of oxygen to spare, the
men reached daylightsafe from the dangers
belowground but exposed to the shelling from
above. simon shuster and andrew katz
Mine craft Clockwise from top left:
Miners on a bus inside the complex; two
men get changed before a shift; the control
room; a miner at work more than 2,600 ft.
below ground level

48

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WORLD | UKRAINE

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Heading down

Two miners wait for an

elevator that will take them
to the bottom of the mine
50

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BUSINESS

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A
Different
Prescription
HSKDUPDFLVWUXQQLQJ&96ZDQWVKLV
GUXJVWRUHVWREHFRPH\RXUGRFWRU
VRFH
%\(OL]D*UD\
in the fifth season of curb your
Enthusiasm, Larry David visits a pharmacist to ll his fathers blood-thinner prescription. You know, theres another drug
on the market that I personally like a lot
better, the pharmacist tells Larry. But
the doctor prefers this one? Larry says. He
holds up his hands like a scale and weighs
his options. Doctor, he says, holding up
one hand, then pharmacist, holding
up the other. He decides: Ill go with the
pharmacist.
You may too if Larry Merlo has his
way. Merlo, 59, is the CEO of drugstore giant CVS Health. Trained as a pharmacist
himself, Merlo has ambitions to play a
much bigger role in your health care. Hes
already pretty involved. Last year at 7,800
stores, CVS, the second largest drugstore
chain in the U.S., lled more than 700 million prescriptions and administered 5 million u shotsall while selling customers
everything from groceries to gift wrap.
Now Merlo says the drugstore can do
more. In his vision, CVS will leverage its
sizable MinuteClinic businesswhich
already has 970 locationsto diagnose
patients, decide on treatments and then
sell them the pills they need to get well.
52

In its role as the pharmacy-benets manager for some 65 million people, CVS also
negotiates the price of those pills and
helps decide which ones get reimbursed
under various insurance plans. Merlo
would also like America to stop smoking:
he roiled the tobacco industry last year
by dropping the sale of cigarettes in CVS
stores. And if that causes some customers
to have withdrawal pains, the CVS pharmacy can ll a prescription for a drug
that helps them quit.
By taking on more of the role of your
doctor as well as that of your druggist,
CVS looks to grow beyond its already considerable size ($4.6 billion in earnings for
2014). But Merlo argues that the stakes are
far higher. He thinks CVS can save lives
and hundreds of billions of dollars in unnecessary health care costs annuallyby
efciently treating Americans routine
snifes and aches, nudging them to take
better care of themselves and making sure
they take their medications when theyre
supposed to.
Regardless of whether getting a strep
test along with a quart of milk appeals to
you, many health experts say Merlo may
be on to something. The Affordable Care

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Photograph by Jesse Burke for TIME

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Counter proposal

CVS Health CEO Larry

Merlo says pharmacy
clinics can take on more of
U.S. health care

ActObamacareis driving Americas

health system to widen access to care
while reining in costs. Thats stoking fears
that doctors will be scarce and patients
will pay more out of pocketbut its also
spurring innovation, with doctors and entrepreneurs experimenting with all kinds
of new approaches, including new kinds
of primary-care practices. (See Medicine
Gets Personal in Times Dec. 29, 2014
Jan. 5, 2015, issue for one example.) Against
that backdrop, it isnt much of a stretch
to reimagine the corner drugstore as a
health care store. And theres no question
Merlos plans are drawing attention: that
was his mustachioed face a few seats from
Michelle Obama at the State of the Union
address on Jan. 20.
Merlo says Americas changing system
will lead to the retailization of health
care, a fancy way of saying that patients
are becoming more like consumers and
that health care is becoming more like any
ordinary consumer product. But if thats
so, the consumers will need to become
as savvy about shopping for a checkup as
they are about the shampoo and snacks
that CVS sellsand they may wonder if
they want to take medical advice from

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53

BUSINESS | HEALTH CARE

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a company deeply embedded in the sale
of prescriptions. In other words, are they
really ready to go with the pharmacist?

The New Doctors

Office? What a
MinuteClinic Does

The List-Price Checkup

on a recent friday at the cvs minuteClinic in Woonsocket, R.I., the doctor
isnt in. The doctor is never in at a MinuteClinic; patients are seen by a nurse practitioner, a health care professional with a
graduate degree, advanced training and
the ability to prescribe medications. The
nurse practitioner on duty at the moment
is a young woman in a white coat named
Amelia Pires. She sees patients ranging
in age from 18 monthsthe minimum
at MinuteClinicto the elderly, and she
treats dozens of conditions, from mononucleosis and shingles to ear infections,
for an average price of $89. Or less if, like
those of the majority of patients, the visit
is covered by insurance.
Retail clinics got their start in the early
2000s as places for the uninsured to purchase basic health services, and theyve
become an easy option for a u shot and a
familiar sight everywhere from drugstores
like CVS and its competitors to big-box outlets like Walmart. Now, with the ranks of
the insured growing in the Obamacare era,
theyre evolving to ll a different kind of
need. They offer convenient after-hours
visits for patients who cant get in to see
their doctors; they also serve as triage centers that can handle minor illnesses for
patients who dont have a primary-care
doctor, for hundreds of dollars less than it
would cost in the emergency room.
For the insured, they offer a particular
type of bargain. Plans with high deductibles that require substantial initial outof-pocket payments are becoming more
popular. MinuteClinic offers routine treatments at a lower cost than the average physician. Thanks to posted prices, what you
see is what you pay: $59 for a kids-camp
physical, for instance, or a maximum of
$99 for u symptoms. The underlying economics are simple to understand: according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the
median salary for nurse practitioners and
physician assistants in the U.S. is $90,000;
for medical doctors in family practice, its
more than double that.
Though they still account for a small
share of patient visitsMinuteClinic expects 5 million to 6 million visits in 2015,
compared with nearly 600 million outpatient visits to physicians ofces and nearly 100 million to the ERthey are growing

For $79 to $99, a

nurse practitioner
will treat routine
conditions such
as allergies and
strep throat
Injuries

You cant get a

broken leg setbut
clinics will handle
suture removal,
so you can avoid a
return trip to the
doctor or hospital
Vaccinations

CVS gave 5 million

u shots last year
and offers polio and
measles shots as well
Screenings

Clinics offer
blood-sugar and
cholesterol tests

in popularity. And CVS is doubling down

on the strategy. Its 970 clinic outlets are
already more than twice the number of
its closest competitor, Walgreensand it
hopes to open more than 500 new ones by
the end of 2017. One sign of the growing
battle: while Walgreens pushes the ad slogan At the corner of happy and healthy,
CVS changed the name of the entire company to CVS Health. Merlo talks about the
drugstore as if its the new doctors ofce.
If you look at the environment today, the
demand for primary care is outstripping
the supply of primary-care physicians,
he says. But, he adds, theres not actually
a shortage of care: Its the role that retail
MinuteClinics are playing.
For traditional family physicians, the
idea that retail clinics should do much
more than dispense flu shots is equal
parts unnerving and exciting. As federal
reimbursements work to shift doctors incentives away from ordering up zillions of
tests and toward keeping patients healthy,
physicians may come to rely on retail
clinics for support. But the partnership

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between doctors and retail clinics is in its

infancy, leaving gaps that raise important
questions about the quality of care.
Proponents say retail clinics can be a
valuable link in a chain that also includes
the primary-care physician. A partnership between Cleveland Clinic and CVS,
launched in 2009, suggests how this can
work. Dr. Michael Rabovsky, chairman of
family medicine at Cleveland Clinic, says
the program grew out of doctors recognition that the patients in their practice
liked to be able to walk into a retail clinic
after hours and get treatment without an
appointment. Thanks to the partnership,
Rabovsky and other doctors on his team
get an email that lets them know when
their patient has been treated at a MinuteClinic, allowing the doctor to follow up.
Cleveland Clinic doctors also oversee
the MinuteClinics in the area, offering
answers over the phone if a nurse practitioner has a question and reading over
charts to look for ways care could improve.
The relationship works well enough that
Rabovsky says CVS may someday help

JESSE BURKE FOR TIME

54

Illnesses

WorldMags.net
doctors at Cleveland Clinic manage their
patients chronic diseases. If you asked
me to predict, he says, Id say there is going to be a future for it.
Others see a trickier balance. Medicalrecord coordination in many places simply
isnt that advanced, says Dr. Robert Wergin, a practicing physician in Milford,
Neb., and president of the American Academy of Family Physicians. That means
many physicians dont necessarily nd out
when their patients have received care at a
retail clinic, and that can be dangerous if
the patient underestimates the severity of
a complaint. Says Wergin: What you nd
in the practice of medicine is that every
sore throat is not just a sore throat.
CVS acknowledges that issueand
says it is prepared. Its not unusual for
MinuteClinic to send drop-in patients out
of the store to a place that can offer a higher level of care like an urgent-care center
or emergency room. People dont realize
how sick they are, says Pires, the nurse
practitioner in Woonsocket. MinuteClinic is probably not somewhere where
you should be experiencing chest pain.
Things are more complicated for patients who dont have a primary-care physician (which describes half the patients
who visit MinuteClinic, according to
CVS). Without the high-tech record sharing that happens with CVSs 51 healthsystem partners like Cleveland Clinic,
nurse practitioners at a MinuteClinic may
not have access to a patients history or the
ability to update a primary-care physician
if the patient does eventually get one. And
though MinuteClinic nurse practitioners
proactively offer to help patients nd a
primary-care doctor, it is ultimately up to
the patient. For that reason, Wergin is disconcerted by the idea that MinuteClinic
might offer services for the chronically
ill. If you are getting your blood sugar
checked, you should see a doctor who
knows the disease, he says.
The Pharmacist CEO
exam rooms and treatment plans are
a long way from where CVS started. Its
history traces back to 1963, when it was a
health-and-beauty store in the workingclass town of Lowell, Mass. Eager to take
advantage of the easing of price controls
for drug products by selling their merchandise at a discount, the foundersbrothers
Stanley and Sidney Goldstein and their
partner, a salesman at Procter & Gamble
called the business Consumer Value Stores.
time February 23March 2, 2015

CVS began selling pharmaceuticals in 1967

and in 1990 acquired Peoples Drugwhere
a young pharmacist in Washington, D.C.,
named Larry Merlo had become a regional
vice president. After Peoples became part
of CVS, he ascended the ranks until he became CEO in 2011. Merlos colleagues say
the CEOnoticeably down to earth in
personstill clears the shopping carts out
of CVS parking lots out of instinct from his
days as a store manager and pharmacist.
Merlos background as a pharmacist
seems to be at the heart of a goal thats less
splashy than the MinuteClinic expansion but may play a more crucial role in
the health of the average American: getting people to take their medicine. Specically, getting them to take it on time and
as instructed. Failure to take medication
correctly costs the U.S. health care system
up to $300 billion and results in 125,000
deaths every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Estimates show that about a third of patients fail to ll their new prescriptions,
for all kinds of reasonsbecause they
are too expensive, have unpleasant side
effects or seem to have no impact on their
symptoms.
CVS thinks it can help with cuttingedge ideas like using data to identify highrisk patients and lling their prescriptions
in prepackaged morning, noon and night
doses, or alerting their physicians that
they havent purchased a medication. As
a prescription-benet manager, CVS can
also design employee prescription plans
so that patients arent charged any co-pay
for vital prescriptions that treat chronic
problems like high cholesterol. Since

Retail clinics can

offer fast treatment
at relatively low
pricesbut critics
say patients with
chronic conditions
need to see a doctor,
not a drugstore
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roughly half of the U.S. population suffers from a chronic illness that requires
numerous prescriptions, this kind of
medication management keeps growing
in importance.
Whats Really in Store?
cvs envisions savings for the u.s.
health care systemand, of course, prots
for its shareholders. Health care leaders say
theres logic there: in the Obamacare era,
physicians may come to rely on retail clinics to outsource the little things so they
can take better care of more patients.
What remains to be seen is whether
there are risks that come with the potential. How will CVSs business selling prescriptions affect the policies and decisions
in its clinics? That inherent conict of interest has long concerned medical professionals, though how it affects patients isnt
clear. Consumer advocates worry that CVS
is already too powerful, thanks to its role
as a pharmacy-benet manager. The company recently made an exclusive deal to
cover Gilead Sciences controversial drugs
for hepatitis C, making them the only option for patients whose prescriptions CVS
manages unless they get prior authorization from their doctor.
That arrangement reects CVSs ability
to pit pharmaceutical companies against
one another to get the lowest price. CVS
says that this saves patients money and
that doctors and patients can seek exceptions. There is a process to work through
the physician and the benet-plan design
to ensure that the patient is on the right
therapy at the end of the day, says Merlo.
Overall, CVS says, MinuteClinic patients
walk away with prescription costs on a par
with or lower than those of other providers
like emergency rooms.
Merlo is wasting no time in thinking
up new ways to play a bigger role in customers health. Any day now, CVS will
launch a technology-development ofce
in Boston with 100 employees hired to devise everything from new ways for consumers to manage medications on their
phones to telemedicine programs that will
let MinuteClinic patients see nurse practitioners through a computer screen. And
now that tobacco has been purged from
the shelves, customers will soon notice a
healthy food makeover too. Merlo calls
CVSs journey from beauty store to health
care provider an evolution, not a revolution. For CVSs 100 million customers, the
impact will be huge either way.

55

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SMALL BUSINESS

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BEEFED
UP
New chefs and new
tastes are transforming
the iconic hamburger
BY JACK DICKEY/NEW HAVEN

L E V I B R O W N T R U N K A R C H I V E (6)

ew haven, conn., happens to be

the birthplace of two of Americas
undisputed cultural treasures:
the hamburger and the author of
this story. The chamber of commerce might
also cite the good universities and even better pizza. None of us native sons is above
using the humble old town as a springboard
to international acclaimtake George W.
Bush or Michael Boltonbut Ive learned
theres something admirably modest, and

very New England, in sticking around and

keeping your head down.
Which brings us to two plots of real
estate, separated by a little less than two
blocks, in present-day downtown. Theres
a squat redbrick structure with Bavarian
architectural accents situated in the front
of a parking lot on Crown between High
and College. Thats Louis Lunch, established 1895. The ofcial legend says Danish immigrant Louis Lassen invented the

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SMALL BUSINESS | FAST FOOD

I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y H E AT H E R J O N E S F O R T I M E

WorldMags.net
hamburger sandwich there in 1900. And
on Chapel between College and Temple,
facing the Green, theres a tall, freestanding glass structure: Shake Shack, established 2012. Its hamburger legend is now
on le with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
On Jan. 30, Shake Shack held its wildly
successful initial public offering on the
New York Stock Exchange. Shares more
than doubled on their rst day of trading,
making founder Danny Meyers stake
worth more than $300 million. Two days
earlier, fresh off one of its worst nancial
years in decades, McDonalds announced
that Don Thompson, its CEO, would step
down after less than three years on the
job. (Ofcially, he retired.) Seismic stuff
by burger-world standards. Sure, Shake
Shack is smallits rst three quarters
in 2014 generated $84 million in revenue, compared with $20.8 billion for
McDonalds. Nevertheless, the contrast
of a struggling behemoth and a surging
upstart symbolically validated the growing fast casual sector, which includes
Shake Shack, Five Guys and Smashburger,
among many others.
American restaurants cooked up an
all-time-high 9 billion burgers last year,
reports market researcher NPD. In spite of
warnings about their nutritional ravages
and the perhaps questionable business
practices that bring them to us, we still
love our burgers.
No other dietary staple casts such
a sociocultural shadow. The roadside
burgers midcentury rise paralleled the
construction of interstate highways and
the birth of modern consumer culture.
Hot, fast and affordable hamburgers were
a uniquely American triumph in an era
dened by unique American triumphs.
Now, America is graduating from cheap
burgers to better burgers.
Just as the entrepreneurs behind the
old burger empires symbolized boomer
capitalism, the new burger purveyors reect a new breed, marketing themselves as
artisanal, small-batch operatorsrising
to take on the giants, one bespoke burger
at a time.
Our Burgers, Ourselves
what makes a burger ? the answer has
never been especially obvious. Hamburger
comes from Hamburg steak, a ground-beef
time February 23March 2, 2015

Burger Wars
HOW THE CLASSICS STACK
UP TO THE UPSTARTS

McDonalds
1948, San Bernardino, Calif.
SIGNATURE BURGER: Big Mac
(Calories: 530; fat: 27 g;
carbs: 47 g; sodium: 960 mg)
SELLING POINT: The longtime
industry leader has essentially
the same goal it always hada
hot burger, delivered in a minute,
costing less than $5. Making the
burger good, though, and giving it
a young-adult appeal, has so far
proved tricky.

VS.

Shake Shack
2004, New York City
SIGNATURE BURGER:
Single Shackburger
(Calories: 490; fat: 30 g;
carbs: 25 g; sodium: 895 mg)
SELLING POINT: Its a burger
with a missionstand for
something goodknown for
fresh ingredients and simplicity.
But will the service and ingredient
sourcing hold up as the business,
with only 63 stores today, opens
10 new locations each year?

WorldMags.net

dish dating from 19th century Germany.

But Hamburg steak no longer turns up on
many menus. At the very least, a burger is
a clump of hot, cooked ground meat (usually beef) or a substitute, on bread (usually
a bun) or a substitute. The Big Mac? A burger. A zesty lettuce-wrapped turkey patty
with Muenster and mustard? A burger,
some dieters will tell you. Meatball and
marinara on a scone? Sure, a burger too.
The ingredient list matters less than
the sensation. A proper burger offers varying levels of resistance to the teeth, with
each soft half-bun giving way en route to
the meat, the best of which has multiple
characteristics of its owna hot, hard
crust and a juicy interior. Texturally the
whole package should fuse the perks of a
crisp apple and a broiled steak. Toppings
add other dimensions: Lettuce, onion,
pickles and tomato can give their own
fresh, watery crunches. Bacon will do the
same, minus the water and the freshness,
plus cholesterol.
One might divide the burgers story into
a few phases. Theres the late 19th century
pre-fast-food disputed-origins phase that
includes Louis Lunch and other contenders, such as Fletcher Davis, who claimed to
have invented it at his Athens, Texas, lunch
counter in the 1880s, and Hamburger
Charlie Nagreen, who sold meatballs on
buns at the 1885 Seymour, Wis., county fair.
The burger boom began in earnest in 1921,
when a Wichita, Kans., fry cook named
Walter Anderson joined forces with his
real estate broker, Billy Ingram. Anderson
had the novel idea to grill his patties and
put them on buns, while Ingram fancied
himself a titan of industry and went about
vertically integrating the whole operation.
Soon identical White Castles were slinging
tiny 5 hamburgers across the Midwest.
And yet its McDonalds, not White Castle, whose rise came to dene the 20th century business world. In 1948, Californias
McDonald brothers abandoned their
drive-in to build a burger shop. Ray Kroc,
the Illinois businessman who sold them
their milk-shake mixers, saw a major opportunity in their speedy operation and
prot margins. He bought out the brothers and spread his gospel by franchising
the chainletting small-business investors open identical shops with his branding and methods for a cut of the action.
The 50s and 60s brought Wendys, Burger
59

SMALL BUSINESS | FAST FOOD

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King, Jack in the Box and Hardees, while
In-N-Out grew its West Coast reach. The
supremacy of the fast-food burger would
be essentially unquestioned for 40 years.
But fear over mad cow disease and rising obesity ratesthe children raised on
impeccably marketed fast food had grown
up largeconspired to shake fast foods
foundation around the turn of the century.
Journalist Eric Schlosser reported on and
synthesized the arguments against the
business in 2001s Fast Food Nation, and
lmmaker Morgan Spurlock vivied the
anti-fast-food case with 2004s Super Size
Me. For one month he ate only at McDonalds. He spooked his doctors and gained
nearly 25 lb., or 11.3 kg. (The movie grossed
more than $11 million domestically.) What
would come of this agita? The burgers demise? Not quite. Enter the better burger.
New Models
restaurant analysts split their world
into two segments. There are full-service
restaurants (every place with waitstaff,
ranging from starched-tablecloth-andDover-sole sit-down joints to endlessmozzarella-stick chain types) and
limited-service restaurants (primarily
what people would call fast food). But
limited service has in the past two decades
spawned a stepchild category: fast-casual
restaurants. Think Panera Bread, Chipotle
Mexican Grill or Jimmy Johns Gourmet
Sandwiches. Its this group, characterized by made-to-order dishes and morecomplex avors, that has intrigued most
big-picture restaurant observers for the
past decade and a half, culminating in
Shake Shacks blockbuster January IPO.
What does fast casual have going for it?
For the owners, the restaurants promise
an essentially doubled average per-check
expenditure compared with fast food ($8
to $12 vs. $3 to $8) without the headaches
of a full-service outlet. Its a small segment
of the U.S. restaurant business, just 7.7% of
total sales for 2013, or $34.5 billion, according to research rm Technomic. But its a
growing one, attractive to investors in a
climate where interest in food has spiked
but fast-food visits among millennials appear to have attened.
Seizing on the trendiness of the culinary arts, fast-casual joints like to tell
stories about the sourcing of their ingredients and how theyre cooked. The goal
60

Burger King
1954, Miami
SIGNATURE BURGER: Whopper
(Calories: 650; fat: 37 g;
carbs: 50 g; sodium: 910 mg)
SELLING POINT: BK, which
changed corporate hands several
times before merging with Canadian giant Tim Hortons in 2014,
touts ame-grilled burgers with
the marks to match. But it has recently sold off many of its ownedand-operated restaurants.

VS.

Five Guys
1986, Arlington, Va.
SIGNATURE BURGER:
Little Cheeseburger
(Calories: 550; fat: 55 g;
carbs: 39 g; sodium: 690 mg)
SELLING POINT: The chain boasts
of its burgers customizability,
with more than 250,000 ways to
add free toppings, from jalapeos
to grilled onions to steak sauce.
Each order of fries is heaped with
extras. Yet the health-conscious
should steer clearthe default
burger is a double. A single-patty
sandwich is called a little.

WorldMags.net

is for diners to feel good about what they

eat. (Taking the food-stories concept to its
logical extreme, Chipotle even enlisted
highbrow vegetarian novelist Jonathan
Safran Foer to curate a Cultivating
Thought Author Series of little essays on
its cups and bags.)
From his late-90s corporate perch as
McDonalds chief marketing ofcer, Tom
Ryan says he saw an opportunity opening
up before him. Ryan has a Ph.D. in avorand-fragrance chemistry and a food-world
track record to match: hes credited with
inventing Pizza Huts stuffed-crust pizza
and McDonalds McGriddle. I saw that
burgers were Americas favorite food,
but people were dispassionate about the
choices they hadMcDonalds, Burger
King, Wendys, he recalls. I wanted to
sell burgers made with some level of care
and understanding, fast casual. So Ryan
opened the rst Smashburger in Denver in
2007, with loose-packed Certied Angus
beef and real glassware. The chain, which
is privately owned and considerably bigger
than Shake Shack, now has 307 locations.
Ryan says the pizza business will soon follow burgers into the artisanal realm.
Pat LaFrieda Jr., a third-generation meat
wholesaler whose operations are now
based in New Jersey, says he too watched in
1999 as New York City restaurants buying
tastes began to change. LaFrieda says chefs
used to buy his familys chopped beef
known around town for its taste because it
consisted only of ground whole cutsfor
their home cookouts, nothing more. Then
he started getting calls for different blends
for burgers: a little more richness, perhaps,
maybe some brisket here or some short rib
there. He would make the blends himself,
tasting the meat raw from the grinder,
so as not to let cooking compromise the
avor prole. He ground Shake Shacks
meat, among others. How good has the
better-burger era been for him? In 1994, LaFrieda says, the business had annual sales
of $2 million. In 2014, he sold $140 million
worth of beef20% of that the chopped
product once conned to home cookouts.
Established chains have tried to get in
on the act. Chilis, for instance, now has a
craft burger menu, piggybacking on the
craft-beer boom. And Wendys, whose burgers enjoy a better reputation than Burger
Kings and McDonalds, according to Consumer Reports, has in recent years tried
time February 23March 2, 2015

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SMALL BUSINESS | FAST FOOD

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unusual avor combinations and hyped up
its story. Our beef is fresh, never frozen, all
North American. Its practically local, says
Brandon Solano, Wendys marketing chief.
McDonalds has worked up its own
better-burger play: Create Your Taste, a
program to allow extensive customization. Diners will design their burgers on
a touchscreen in-store. The concept will be
presented in March to franchisees, and the
company plans to roll it out to 2,000 locations this year. This is not just about food.
Its about the overall experience, Thompson told investors before his departure. It
will also change the companys relationship with franchisees, allowing them more
discretion to adapt the menu to local tastes.
Still, menu complexity may raise food
and prep costs, slow service and confuse
customers. Shake Shack offers ve burgers and four hot-dog choices; McDonalds
already has 16 burgers plus 13 McChicken
sandwiches. That goes up to 46 total when
you count wraps, the McRib and the FiletO-Fish. You want fries with that, or a fountain drink? Oh, what size?
Says McDonalds spokesperson Becca
Hary: Millennials, families and our customers share a desire for quality ingredients and freshly prepared menu items. We
remain focused on listening to our customers and evolving our menu to meet their
expectations and changing eating habits.
Taste Test
with a corporate card and a doctors
note in hand, this millennial went out to
sample some of the standard bearers in
the modern burger game. What works? I
ate LaFriedas vaunted Black Label Burger
at Minetta Tavern, a $28 dry-aged offering served with caramelized onions as
its lone default topping. Each bite first
tasted of buttery, rare beef. Then came the
mineral-tinged tang of aged steak. The bun
and even the onions hardly registereda
competent supporting cast. I wolfed the
burger down, pausing periodically just to
marvel at it.
Two blocks away was a McDonalds. I
washed down the Black Label Burger with
two bites of a $4.78 (with tax) Big Mac. The
beef tasted only like brown. Better were
Wendys and Five Guys, whose offerings
were greasy but otherwise commendable.
Wendys pretzel bacon cheeseburger had
colorful baby lettuce; the bun showed
62

Wendys
1969, Columbus, Ohio
SIGNATURE BURGER:
Daves Hot N Juicy 14-lb. single
(Calories: 580; fat: 31 g;
carbs: 42 g; sodium: 1,220 mg)
SELLING POINT: Wendys likes to
talk about the fresh, never-frozen
beef in its burgers and the various
upscale offerings on its menu
blue cheese and brioche; pretzel
bun and bacon. Consumer Reports taste tests, though, placed
it in the bottom half.

VS.

Smashburger
2007, Denver
SIGNATURE BURGER:
Classic Small Smash
(Calories: 610; fat: 40 g;
carbs: 44 g; sodium: 1,760 mg)
SELLING POINT: The burgers
are packed loosely and then
smashed on a grill. Its founder
says they cook more quickly
and self-season thanks to their
texture. But that tasty seasoning
comes with a nutritional downside: Smashburgers have more
sodium than other chains.

WorldMags.net

some effort. Five Guys had the density

of pie; I never forgot I was eating a treat.
Three-quarters of the way through the
burger, I was full.
Back in New Haven, Louis Lunch stays
busy with a mix of students, locals and
travelers intrigued by TV specials. Inside,
the restaurant looks and smells like a replace, all iron and wood. A cashier and a
cook work side by side in a narrow galley
kitchen. The burger is a thick patty, cooked
in a vertical broiler manufactured in 1898,
served on toasted white bread and presented on a six-inch paper plate with napkins
on top. Ketchup and mustard are prohibited. As for taste, theres no onslaught of fat,
no special sauce, no brioche bun. It tastes
like nothing more than hot beef on bread.
Shake Shack, 274 paces and more than
100 years down the street, seems to do
brisk business too, with a more diverse
crowd. The interior is full of natural light,
sturdy, well-sanded wood and games
(shuffleboard!). Im handed a pager for
when my food is ready. My table tells me it
was handcrafted in Brooklyn; the wood
used to be part of a bowling lane.
This is the apotheosis of the betterburger experience, a consumer product
ready-made for a generation that ditched
all of its circa-2000 demands of Big Burger
except the one for better avor.
Millennials like stories about their
food. Heres one: The Shack and its peers
have fashioned the burger into an even
greater indulgence than it once was. New
burgers may taste better, but theyre just
as unhealthy. A Shackburger and fries will
set you back about 1,000 calories, just like
a McDonalds Quarter Pounder with fries.
Then there are the economic and social
consequences. American beef consumption is increasingly blamed for hastening
climate change, and fast-food workers recently protested for the right to organize
and a $15 hourly minimum wage.
The Shackburger is too fatty for my
liking, with its mayo-centric sauce
commingling unpleasantly with the
cheese and fat drippings. It nonetheless
comes on a potato bun sweeter than the
norm. It tastes like a treat, yes, but one
too rich and too sugary for me to ever
earn it. Halfway in, Ive had my ll of this
particular experiment. I quit and head
toward home. with reporting by bill
saporito/new york

time February 23March 2, 2015

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WORLD

The Men Who

Would Be King
The ties that bind
Prince Charles
and his sons
by catherine mayer

Mucking about by Loch Muick Charles and his sons relax

on the lawn of Glas-allt Shiel, a royal lodge by the shores of

a lake on the Balmoral estate in Scotland, in 1993
L E S L E Y D O N A L D S YG M A /C O R B I S

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in april 2013 britains prince william

and his wife Kate, known since their marriage as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, attended the opening of the Tamar
Manoukian Outdoor Residential Centre
on the Dumfries House estate in Scotland.
The project, named for a member of the
prominent Armenian family that funded
it, is one of a number of initiatives that Williams father, Prince Charles, has founded
to encourage youth leadership in Britain.
As Charles cleared his throat to begin his
speech, William spoke to the heir to the
throne in a way few people can get away
with. Make it brief, he said.
He spoke in jest, but the light moment
reveals much about the journey Charles
and his family have undertaken since the
painful end of Charles and Dianas marriage and her subsequent death in a car accident in Paris in 1997. Such events could
have created chasms of resentment between a father and his children, but Charles
and his sons display a closeness and loyalty
to one another that is cemented both by
a traditional sense of duty and the deep,
complicated love that keeps together many
modern families. William and his brother
Prince Harry have grown up the subjects of
permanent fascinationto be royal is to be
a celebrity for lifebut their appeal lies in
the sense that they have experienced great
sadness and privilege and have emerged as
respectful young men who see their father
not as a source of blame but as an ally.
William tends to be as clipped as his father is expansive. Still, he has given a few
interviews in which his emotions broke
through, answering questions about Diana
and once visibly choking up as he watched
footage of a rhino injured by poachers
bleeding to death. The segment was lmed
soon after his son Georges birth in 2013, for
a documentary aimed at raising awareness
of the plight of endangered wildlife. The
last few weeks for me have been a very different emotional experiencesomething
I never thought I would feel for myself,
said the new father. I nd, even though its
only been a short period, that a lot of things
affect me nowwhen I see a clip like that,
theres so much emotion and so much feeling wrapped up into conservation and environment. Its just so powerful.
For the most part, William reveals little
to journalists, radiating a contempt at least
as heartfelt as his concern for rhinos. The
reporters who regularly cover the royals

WORLD | BRITAIN

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assume this is because William blames
the press for Dianas deathseveral photographers on motorcycles were pursuing
her when the car she was in crashed
forgetting that he surely remembers
enough of his boyhood to blame the press
for what it did to her life. Yet Williams
terseness is also a function of a process
Charles went through. In dening himself
against his staunch, silent parents, Charles
became the man he is. In dening himself
against his father, William has become
more like his royal grandmother, closed
and cautious, comfortable with actions
rather than words.
William has also become his own man.
Until recently, royal advisers clung to a vision of transition that would see Charles
pass his charitable empire to his sons when
he assumed the Crown. The Princes Trust,
founded by Charles in 1976 to improve the
lives of disadvantaged youth in the U.K.,
would simply move its apostrophe one
space to the right. It would be nice to see
the continuum, says an insider. But neither
of the boys, as the 30-something William
and Harry are known among palace staff,
shows an inclination to get involved with
the trust or take on the rest of the sprawl.
They dutifully turn up for trust events, and
joined Charles at a February 2014 conservation conference, but are otherwise focused
on their own careers and establishing their
own organizations. William and Harry
set up a new foundation in 2009 and were
joined in their endeavors by Kate after her
marriage to William. The young royals
charitable vehicle focuses on opportunities for young people, the welfare of veterans and serving members of the British
military, and the conservation of natural resources; Harry also co-founded the Lesothobased childrens charity Sentebale.
They are demonstrating their independence in other ways too. This spring,
William is set to embark on an experiment that will see the second in line to
the throne trying to hold down a civilian
job, as an air ambulance pilot, albeit with
exibility in his schedule so that he can
continue to carry out royal duties. He plans
to donate his full salary ($61,000) to charity,
illustrating the larger anomaly of a royal
seeking a slice of normal life. Kate, meanwhile, has started ying solo in her own
way, representing the Queen. She was supposed to undertake her rst overseas engagement without William in September
66

2014, a trip to Malta, but William stood in

for her after severe morning sickness temporarily clipped her wings. (The couple are
expecting their second child in April.)
Royal Flush
in september harry celebr ated his
30th birthday in the afterglow of the Invictus Games, a competition for injured service
personnel from 13 nations that he staged at
Londons former Olympic Park. Media coverage was benign. The British tabloids like
Harryfor now. Hes the Sun readers favorite royal, says the papers royal photographer Arthur Edwards. They think hes
like them, and thats the highest compliment. Yet the events success doesnt solve
Harrys existential conundrum any more
than his popularity will shield him against
a future narrative of redundancy, as one of
the spares, not the heir. Nor has Harry yet
solved the problem of how to nd a partner
who is grounded and sane, yet not so sane
that the prospect of life on Planet Windsor
sends her in retreat. It took William almost
a decade and a public rupture with Kate before he felt secure in making the decision
to marry. It took Charles far longer to nd
contentment. Diana never did.
That history still shapes her sons decisions. William seems to have chosen to
live up in Norfolk [as his country retreat],
and yet his father has spent so long building [Highgrove] that Im sure he would love
one of his sons to inherit. Its a fathers expression of immortality, says an insider.
Highgrove, in southwestern England, was
one of the family residences of Charles
and Diana and remains a favorite retreat
for Charles, who has lavished attention on
its gardens for over 30 years and potters
there happily, sometimes under the affectionate gaze of his second wife, Camilla.
William and Kates home, Anmer Hall, lies

William plans to
donate his full
salary to charity,
illustrating the
larger anomaly of
a royal seeking a
slice of normal life

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more than 200 miles (320 km) away, to the

northeast. Highgrove embraces [Charles]
commitment to sustainable farming and
to the world of the botanical, the natural
world, the insider says.
The house also carries echoes of a difcult past. This is where the boys spent some
of their best times and the most confusing.
Charles was ill-equipped to cope with his
rst marriage, its collapse and the challenge of parenting children whose resentment at his rejection of their mother was
layered with grief and anger at her death.
Yet he made a miraculously good job of
the last of these. At Dianas funeral, her
brother delivered a eulogy that included a
barely disguised swipe at royal parenting.
I pledge that we, your blood family, will
do all we can to continue the imaginative
way in which you were steering these two
exceptional young men so that their souls
are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned,
said Earl Spencer. One of the princes biographers, Anthony Holden, judged that
Dianas inuence had already been erased
when, less than three months after her
death, Harry stood alongside his father at
a charity concert in South Africa attended
by Nelson Mandela and featuring the Spice
Girls. In balmy temperatures, listening to
pop, Harry, age 13, wore a suit and tie.
There is no question that Charles raised
his sons to an awareness of duty and traditionand an appreciation for a well-cut
suit, though the boys tend to prefer singleto double-breastedbut he nurtured them
too. He has always been keen to give them,
in place of the tough love favored by his own
parents, something more enveloping; he determined with Diana that they should be as
protected from the public gaze as possible
and spend as much time with their parents
as possible, and when the time came they
would not attend Gordonstouna Scottish boarding school that in Charles time
might have been judged spartan even by
Spartansbut the cosier Eton College, on
the doorstep of Windsor, one of the Queens
homes. He resisted the temptation to denigrate Diana while she lived and afterward
encouraged the boys to think and talk
about her and maintain contact with her
friends. The relationships between father
and sons are not without stresses and complexities, but they are stronger as a result.
Unsurprisingly, these bonds are most easily visible in a shared sense of humor, says

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R U P E R T H A R T L E Y R E X / R E X U S A

Shoulder to shoulder From left: William, Charles and Harry, shown at the 2014 Invictus Games, share Windsor genes and funny bones

Camillas nephew Ben Elliot, them ridiculing him, him ridiculing them, that joshing
that often goes with good relationships.
Not just about a lack of hair or those kinds
of things. Ive seen with his younger son
them almost just frolicking with one another in a really lovely way. Actress Emma
Thompson, an old friend of Charles, agrees.
They are so, so loving, she says.
When he married and started a family,
William shifted the dynamic, presenting
the idealized family unit that used to be
monarchys specialty. Yet in appearing to
secure the future of the Windsor dynasty
a future King happily married to his future
Queen and already blessed with an heir,
unblemished by scandals, unburdened by
failuresthe Cambridges have attained
a popularity that threatens to undermine
the rst in line to the throne. People admire the Queen so much because shes
impeccableshe shows no emotionand
they also say Prince William is a modern
royal, but somehow Prince Charles is in the
middle and gets criticized from both sides,
says Patrick Holden, founder of the Sustainable Food Trust and a longtime adviser to
the prince on sustainability issues.
time February 23March 2, 2015

Happy and Harmonious

patrick holden says the media narrative of princely jealousies is overdone. He
has heard Charles comment ruefully on
his sons and daughter-in-laws ability to
draw crowds and headlines but has witnessed far more often the princes boundless pride in the younger generation. He
is always learning from his children, the
prince remarks during predinner conversation at Dumfries House. He is constantly amazed by what they know about the
worldand what he doesnt. In return,
he has tried to do as the Queen Mother did
for him, introducing them to art and culture, or at any rate those corners of art and
culture that resonate with him. (Charles
2010 book Harmony sets out a philosophy
that will never tolerate anything that
smacks of modernism.)
The birth of Prince George has drawn
a close family closer. The boys not only
accept Camilla but are affectionate toward her, seeing how much she lifts
their fathers spirits. Diana has not been
forgotten, but she no longer divides and
conquers. His Royal Highness said something in connection with his grandson the

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other day, which I thought was incredibly

revealing, about how the most important
thing is to have a heart thats open, says
Patrick Holden.
Hearts are open. Harmony reigns. The
question remains: Will Charles, William
and, eventually, George? Part of the answer
lies beyond royal control, in social and economic developments that could either enhance the residual value of the monarchy
or shred it. But a larger responsibility for
their fate lies with the royals themselves.
The Queen has kept the throne safe, if not
warm. Should her son live long enough to
succeed her, he is unlikely to have time
to secure his legacy through the kind of
slow, careful change management that
served her so well. Charles greatest challenge will be to stand for continuity while
redening the monarchy, remaking it in
his own image while strengthening it for

his son and grandson.

This is an edited extract from Born to Be
King: Prince Charles on Planet Windsor,
by Time editor at large Catherine Mayer,
to be published by Henry Holt on Feb. 17.
Copyright 2015 by Catherine Mayer.
67

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LIVING LONGER

THE NEW AGE

OF MUCH
OLDER AGE
EVERYONE WANTS TO LIVE LONGER, AND SCIENCE IS
STARTING TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN. BUT LIVING BETTER
WILL BE THE REAL CHALLENGEAND OPPORTUNITY
BY LAURA L. CARSTENSEN

we live in extraordinary times. and thanks to

medical and scientic advances that even a generation
ago would have sounded like science ction, our lives
are getting longer. An American born today has a projected average lifespan 20 full years longer than one
born in 1925, and we are, as a society, growing old. For
the rst time in U.S. history, the number of people over
60 exceeds those under age 15.
Long life is a remarkable achievement. But our aging society presents challenges every bit as fundamental and pervasive as climate change and globalization.
If we address the reality of longevity, we will avoid a
crisisand improve the quality of our lives at all ages.
Even as we look forward to more years ahead, the
idea of a long life can also trigger anxiety. The unease
we experience has to do with how quickly the age structure in the global population has been reshaped. In less
than a century, more years were added to life expectancy than all years added across all prior millennia of
evolution combined. Long-lived societies appeared so
suddenly that culturethe crucible that holds science
and technology along with wide-scale behavioral practices and social normshas not caught up.
The challenge we face today is converting a world
built quite literally by and for the young into a world
that supports and engages populations that live to 100

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Photo-illustration by Evan Kafka for TIME

69

LIVING LONGER | CULTURE

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70

LONGEVITY
GURU:

Laura L.
Carstensen,
director of the
Stanford Center
on Longevity
Age: 61

AGING
INTERVENTION
Oddly enough,
I dont think
much about
chronological
age. I do think
a lot about
physical and
psychological
health. I keep
my priorities
clear. Exercise
and persistently
trying to solve
big problems
is what keeps
people sharp
and makes life
satisfying.

living. Todays culture offers little in the way of cures

or even treatments for the chronic diseases that afict
older people, nor does it offer guidance about how to
nance decades-long retirements. And so individuals worry they will succumb to dementia, run out of
money, lose their relevance. But it neednt be so. Instead
of hand-wringing about productivity falling and inrmity rising, we need to change the course, both biologically and socially, of long life.
With sufcient nancial support, the potential of
scientic advances is breathtaking. Biologists are beginning to understand, at a molecular level, the processes
by which aging increases the risk of a whole range of
diseases and, importantly, how to slow and even reverse
some of these processes. The very nature of chronic,
degenerative diseases is being revealed, which paves
the way for therapies and possibly even cures that were
scarcely imagined a generation ago.
Meanwhile, technological advances have made
available devices that can compensate for a wide range
of age-related problems, such as difculties with hearing, balance and mobility, just as eyeglasses rendered
presbyopia no more than a minor inconvenience more
than a century ago. And with an investment in social
science we can develop methods that help people better envision and plan for their futures, improve tness,
remain cognitively sharp and, in some cases, reverse
diseases rooted in lifestyles.
We can apply science so that the youngest children
among us today live happy and healthy lives as centenarians. In partnerships with businesses and industries, products can be developed that help people age
well. Examples include cars that brake before impact,
smart homes that improve the safety of occupants, mobile devices that inuence behavior and nancial products that allow people to effectively nance long lives.
We might also trade retirement for new models of
working longer, so that parents spend more time with
young children, sabbaticals become commonplace
andimagine thisworkers experience periods of
leisure before they reach old age.
An essential rst step is to change the way we think
about our suddenly longer lives.
Thirty or more extra years of life also means we can
improve the way we live. To the extent that we can build
a world where people arrive at old age mentally sharp,
physically t and nancially secure, the problems of individual aging will recede. And nally, we can change
the ongoing conversation about a crisis on the horizon
to one about long life and new opportunities.

Carstensen, professor of psychology and director of the

Stanford Center on Longevity, is the author of A Long
Bright Future: Happiness, Health and Financial
Security in an Age of Increased Longevity

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I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y G R A F I L U F O R T I M E

years and beyond. This is no small feat. Consider, for

example, that parks, transportation systems, staircases and even hospitals presume that users have both
strength and stamina; suburbs across the country are
built for two parents and their young children, not single people, multiple generations or elderly people who
may be unable to drive. Our education system serves
the needs of children and young adults and offers little
more than recreation for experienced people.
Indeed, the very conception of work as a full-time endeavor ending in the early 60s is ill suited to long lives.
Arguably most troubling is that we fret about ways that
older people lack the qualities of younger people rather
than exploit a growing new resource right before our
eyes: citizens who have deep expertise, emotional balance and the motivation to make a difference.
Science and technology are the reasons for the increase in life expectancy, and looking forward, science
and medicine will be responsible for how we extend
life even further. But to get a handle on where were
goingthe potential for a life longer than any of us
can imagineit helps to think about how we got here.
Prize-winning economist Robert Fogel and his
colleague Dora Costa describe a phenomenon called
technophysio-evolution, that is, biological changes
due largely to technologies that ensured a steady food
supply. But this explosion wasnt limited to agriculture.
Electricity was discovered and made widely available;
refrigeration improved the safety of food; pasteurization and water purication contributed further to
health; the systematic disposal of waste greatly reduced
the spread of contagious disease; and medical science
led to dramatic reductions in premature death thanks
to vaccination programs that effectively wiped out lethal viruses from large parts of the developed world.
Although we were and remain little different genetically from our ancestors 10,000 years ago, the working
capacity of our vital organs has improved greatly. Average body size has increased. We have grown taller, and
our brains have come to process information faster.
Longer lives and the fact that were having fewer
kids, in combination, began a global process by which
population pyramidswith many at the bottom and
a tiny proportion of old people at the topare being
transformed into rectangles. If youre the type of person
who can get chills from population statistics, these are
the numbers for you. What they mean is that for the
rst time in history, the majority of babies born in the
developed world have the opportunity to grow old.
As much as we may fancy ourselves freethinking,
the crux of the longevity challenge is, quite frankly,
that humans are creatures of culture. The culture that
guides us todaythat tells us when to get an education,
marry, have children, buy a house, work and retireis
profoundly mismatched to the length of the lives we are

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WorldMags.net
LIVING LONGER | SCIENCE

AGE
DISRUPTERS
A DRUG FROM DIRT AND SOME SIAMESE
MICE HAVE RESEARCHERS INCHING
TOWARD THE SEEMINGLY IMPOSSIBLE:
A CURE FOR AGING
BY ALICE PARK

if there were guinness world records dedicated

to high-achieving rodents, Mouse UT2598 would deserve
a mention. The average life span for a mouse is 2.3 years
so at age 3 and still going strong, Mouse UT2598 has a shot
at beating the record for longest-lived, which stands at
about 4. Translating that to a human life span, hes hovering around the centennial mark, but on the outside, he
looks no different from his much younger brethren. His
fur is glossy black, hes lean, and while hes a bit on the
small side, hes scrappy and surprisingly active as he explores, sniffs and pokes around his cage at the University
of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.
What gives Mouse UT2598 his edge is a compound
called rapamycin, which seems to slow aging and the
damage it can do, at least to certain cells. His liver and
heart function as if they were far younger, and his tendons have more spring and exibility than they should at
his age. Theres also less evidence of tumors in his organs
than is considered normal, so he could be spared the effects of cancer for quite a while longer. Place him alongside other mice his age, and the contrast is unmistakable.
The experiments involving Mouse UT2598 and rapamycin are just one example of the kind of research into
aging thats producing new ndingsand raising new
questionsevery day. In labs around the world, researchers are testing all sorts of agents, some of which already
exist as drugs to treat human conditions (rapamycin is
given to transplant patients to prevent organ rejection

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Photograph by Evan Kafka for TIME

LIVING LONGER | SCIENCE

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after surgery) and some of which are purely experimental. Scientists are also toying with ways to manipulate
genes and pull out aging cells, all in a race to nd a way to
extend longevity to its outer limits.
These efforts mark a new push to examine the basic
mechanisms of aging and nd ways to counteractor
curethem. And they are anything but fringe. Longevity research is being conducted by respected scientists with sound reasons for staking their careers on the
hubristic notion that its possible to slow down aging
and maybe even reverse it.
When I got into the eld, the notion that you could
actually do something about the aging process was
viewed as a crackpot idea, says Richard Miller, director of the Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at the
University of Michigan. The argument that one can
slow aging, and diseases of aging along with it, used to
be fantasy, but now we see it like a scientic strategy.
Nobody is talking about living forever. But as these
experts see it, aging is the single most powerful factor
in the diseases that are most likely to cut our lives short:
cancer, heart problems, immune disorders and degenerative brain conditions like Alzheimers. Everybody
knows that the main risk factors for heart disease are
high cholesterol, obesity and high blood pressure, says
Dr. Felipe Sierra, director of the division of aging biology at the National Institute on Aging (NIA). But even
stronger than those factors is just being 70 years old.
And thats why staving off agingor at least slowing ithas become such a central focus of research.
Were going at aging itself, says David Sinclair, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School. We might take
someone who is showing signs of aging and be able to

do something about it, to treat that as a disease. Thats

something I didnt expect to be seeing in my lifetime.
LONGEVITY
GURU:

David Sinclair,
geneticist
at Harvard
Medical School
Age: 45

AGING
INTERVENTION:
I take
resveratrol, alpha
lipoic acid and
sh oil, exercise
to exhaustion
once a week and
skip dessert. I
havent gained
more than a
few pounds in
30 years. I live
every day like
its my last and
did more than I
expected to in
two lifetimes.

A Modern Antiaging Elixir

mouse ut2598s longevity diet laced with rapamycin traces its existence back to some dirt samples collected in 1964 on an expedition to Easter Island. Those soil
samples became the basis for developing a new antibiotic,
which was named rapamycin. Researchers noticed that
mice that were given the drug tended to live longerby
about 20%, compared with those that werent taking it.
Rapamycin is neat because it works in a wide variety
of species, from yeast, worms and ies to mice, says David Harrison, who is studying the compound at the Jackson Laboratory, where scientists mine the genome for
solutions to human diseases. He and Miller, along with
Randy Strongin whose lab Mouse UT2598 resides
are also testing other agents in a program sponsored by
the NIA.Rapamycin is also neat because it works even
when you start quite late in life.
Because of a delay in formulating rapamycin so it remained stable in mouse chow, the rst animals to try it
were already getting graythey were 20 months old,
or the equivalent of 60 years in peoplebut they still
showed slower aging once they took the compound. If
the research eventually leads to a human treatment, that
could bode well for older people; they could potentially
enjoy the same benets that this lucky mouse is experiencing, even if they start in their 60s or 70s.
It turns out that rapamycin interrupts the function of a gene called mTOR, found in both mouse and
man, which acts as a trafc signal for directing how
cells take in and use energy. If theres plenty to eat, the

PUSHING THE LIMITS OF LONGEVITY

1925
Turn-of-the-century
health regulations,
requiring improvements such as
clean water and
better sewage
disposal, curb
outbreaks in the
U.S. that are particularly deadly to
children.

74

Life
expectancy
at birth

1955

1985

Thanks to vaccines
for smallpox,
diphtheria, polio
and other highly
contagiousand
often lethal
viruses, average
life expectancy
goes up.

Public-health
campaigns on
heart health and
the dangers of
smoking reduce
heart-disease
deaths. Medical
advances also
help extend life.

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WorldMags.net
gene is busy greenlighting cells to absorb nutrients and
grow, grow, grow. When food gets scarce, the gene goes
quiet, halting the cell-growing machinery until the
next feeding time. While mTOR may explain, in part,
the phenomenon of calorie restriction and its ability
to prolong lifein the 1930s, studies in mice showed
that cutting back on their daily diet could add nearly
a year to their livestheres also evidence that it taps
into other energy-related pathways to longer life as well.
The more active statethe one in which cells are
processing nutrients and growingturns out to age
cells considerably: as our cells are working hard to process our food, they also spew out toxic free radicals. The
goal, then, is to keep mTOR as subdued as possible, preferably without requiring animals to starve themselves
miserable. And thats what rapamycin appears to do.
So far its the most promising compound under
study, and Harrison and his colleagues are optimistic,
though cautious, about its future. After all, resveratrol,
a compound found in grapes and red wine, showed early promise in mice that gorged on high-fat diets, extending their lives, but it wasnt as impressive in helping
animals on normal diets live longer. (Researchers arent
ready to give up on it yet, however, and its still being
studied at GlaxoSmithKline.)
While rapamycin dials up one antiaging circuit, its
clear that it is not yet a fountain of youth. Im 72, but Im
not popping rapamycin pills yet, says Harrison. Consider the downsides. In mice, it has resulted in a body
size that is about 30% smaller than average, and mTORregulated mice were also more likely to develop cataracts
and were more prone to diabetes. The males tend to
experience gradual loss of testicular functionnot

exactly a selling point for a future longevity treatment.

Human patients who took the drug after kidney
transplants to lower their chances of rejecting the organ, for instance, also had slightly higher chances of
developing diabetes, and the risk of cataracts requires
more study before a broad application of the drug would
be possible. Still, given the fact that rapamycin is already approved and safely taken by patients, antiaging
researchers are hopeful that theyll be able to arrive at
the right doses to tip the balance in favor of longevity
while minimizing potential risks.

20%
How much
longer mice live
when they eat
chow spiked
with rapamycin,
compared with
mice who nosh
on normal chow

Find the Switches to Flip

for other researchers, the key to longevity may
be in our genes. Telomeres are the timekeepers of a
cells life; each time a cell divides, it copies its chromosomes DNA, and like a knot tied at the end of a thread,
telomeres signal the end of the copying process. With
each cell division, these little squiggles, which are the
nal segments of DNA at the ends of chromosomes,
shorteneventually disappearing altogether. And because certain things like exposure to UV light can cause
telomeres to shorten at different rates, theyre a target
of lots of new antiaging research too. (For more on how
telomeres are being studied, see page 80.)
In healthy people there is a balancing dance between
the shortening of telomeres and the work of an enzyme
called telomerase, which lengthens them just a little bit,
to restore some of the DNA thats lost. But that doesnt
happen in people with telomere-syndrome conditions
which includes some bone problems, liver failure and
immune-system disorders. Its what makes those
terrible conditions research gold for antiaging scientists.

2015

2045

Improved drugs,
diagnostic tests,
surgeries, disease
treatments and
other medical
advances reduce
fatality rates for
cancers and
other illnesses.

Regenerative
medicine may
interrupt aging. If
not, conservative
estimates put life
expectancy at 81
as high obesity
rates offset other
gains.

time February 23March 2, 2015

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Sources: CDC; NIH; SSA; S. Jay Olshansky, University of Illinois at Chicago

LIVING LONGER | SCIENCE

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If they can gure out how to correct the misbehaving
telomeres in those people, they may be able to correct
them in normallybut inexorablyaging people too.
Twelve years ago, Dr. Mary Armanios met her rst
patient with such a condition while she was training
with Carol Greider, a scientist who shared a Nobel Prize
for the discovery of the enzyme telomerase. Through
their lab at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Armanios met a college student with a blood disorder that
required regular transfusions. He was in his 20s but had
a shock of gray hair that had rst appeared when he was
9. This alone was unusual, but his family history also
intrigued her. Almost all his relatives on his fathers
side died young. His paternal grandmother, who had
severe osteoporosis and bone disorders, died in her 60s.
His father died at 59 while waiting for a liver transplant.
His aunt and uncle died of pneumonia in their 60s. The
young man, too, had been in and out of hospitals most
of his childhood to treat infections. He eventually died,
at age 31, of a staph infection.
The cosmetic symptom was hair graying, but they
all have a form of hair graying in other organs as well,
says Armanios. It turned out that the family members
all had dyskeratosis congenita, a rare condition with an
extreme form of telomere dysfunction.
Armanios is condent she might learn something
about how telomeres are supposed to workand even
how they might be manipulated and extended to halt
aging-related problems, not just in those with dyskeratosis congenita but in healthy older populations as well.
One strategy may involve dousing cells with the right
genetic ingredients to lengthen telomeres, as Helen Blau
and her colleagues have done in petri dishes at Stanford
University. We turned back the clock on the cells by
the equivalent of many years in human life, Blau says.
Even more encouraging, the cells didnt continue to
divide indenitely, which might raise concerns about
uncontrolled growth, as occurs in cancer. They start to
[deteriorate] normally, and that bodes well for safety, she
says. Eventually, Blau hopes the cells will be tested in the
liver or lungs of patients with dyskeratosis congenita,
where they can target the rapidly aging cells. If that is
successful, the same techniques might turn back the
clock on aging cells in the rest of us.

76

J. Craig Venter,
co-mapper of
the human
genome
Age: 68

AGING
INTERVENTION:
I do weight
training at least
three days a
week to keep
muscle mass
up. Getting
your genome
sequenced will
also be part of
knowing the
best way to stay
healthier longer,
but without the
context of how
it affects the
way your body
functions, it
isnt helpful. In
the next two
to ve years,
well have more
personalized
information.

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P O R T R A I T I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y G R A F I L U F O R T I M E

So Simple and So Strange

but there might even be a quickerif odderway
to defy aging that literally exploits the power of young
blood. Relying on an innovative technique in which
young and old mice can be conjoined, Siamese twinstyle,
to share the same blood system while keeping everything
else separate, Amy Wagers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute found something in the blood of younger mice that
seems to rejuvenate an aging animal. The older mice that
were yoked to the younger ones showed more new nerve-

LONGEVITY
GURU:

cell growth in their brains, their muscles were stronger,

and in one study, some of the enlarging of the heart that
comes with aging was reversed. Their tissues are functioning more like younger tissues, she says.
What appears to be one of the secret ingredients here
is GD11, a protein thats abundant in young animals
blood but is scarcer in older ones. Wagers is conducting
more studies in both animals and people to see if longerlived people have higher levels of GD11 or whether
people with low GD11 might be more vulnerable to
age-related diseases such as heart problems, cognitive
decline and muscle atrophy.
And GD11 isnt alone in showing such promise.
At the University of California, San Francisco, neurobiologist Dena Dubal is investigating a hormone called
klotho, named after the Greek fate responsible for spinning the thread of life for mortals. Increasing the klotho
levels in mice helps animals live 30% longer, and 1 in 5
people also carries a version of the klotho gene that
boosts its amounts. On average, those individuals live
an extra three to four years. Its not the hormone of immortality, but its a start.
Manipulating klotho, GD11, telomeres or any of the
longevity genes could involve some invasive and hightech interventions, including gene therapy and even cell
transplants. But what if all those efforts are overthinking the solution, and its possible to put the brakes on
aging by simply removing aging cells, like plucking out
gray hairs? Thats what Dr. Jan Van Deuren and his team
are pursuing at the Mayo Clinic. By seeking and pulling
out dying cells in the muscle, fat and eyes of mice, hes
helping them live longer than control animals. Were
getting rid of a cell type you dont have when youre born,
something that accumulates over time that may not really be needed for survival, he says.
He is the first to admit that there is still plenty
about that strategyas well as other promising aging
interruptersthat scientists dont understand. For example, are rapamycin-fed mice living longer because
their cells are actually functioning like younger ones or
because theyre simply delaying aging conditions like
cancer and heart disease? Are the old mice infused with
young blood truly young again, or are their rejuvenated
cells only temporarily acting more youthful? And while
we know more every day about the roles telomeres play in
the aging process, is the answer as simple as nding ways
to safely lengthen them through drugs? They arent easy
questions to answer, but aging experts welcome them.
Thats because whats happening in these labs is not
just about extending a life indenitely but rather extending a healthy life for a little bit longer. And researchers say theyre truly optimistic that breakthroughs will
come in their lifetime. After all, says Harrison, It must
not be all that complicated, or we wouldnt be having
the success that were having.

WorldMags.net

MOST CANCER INSTITUTES MEASURE

T HE I R RE S E A RCH FAC I LI T I E S i n S Q UA R E FE E T.
W E M E AS UR E O U R S i n M I LE S .
The labs at Huntsman Cancer Institute stretch as far as the eye can see. Along with additional
facilities at the University of Utah, theyre staffed with gifted researchers from all over the world,
who have won numerous awards and accolades for their work, including a Nobel Prize.
Most importantly, theyre responsible for the discovery of more genes that cause inherited
cancers than any other cancer center on earth.
At Huntsman Cancer Institute, we will go to any lengths to both treat cancer and prevent it before
it ever starts. Thats why our current half-mile of laboratory bench space will double in the next two
years with a new research facility focused on the common and rare cancers that affect
our children and families.
All of this is happening for one simple reason. Cancer moves fast. And we have to move faster.
To learn more or support the cause, go to huntsmancancer.org.

CHANGING THE DNA

OF CANCER CARE

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LIVING LONGER | BIOLOGY

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EYES
40

STRETCH
YOUR
TIMELINE

40

BY MANDY OAKLANDER

as sudden as aging can

feel, no one wakes up in a
90-year-old body without
getting some warning
signs rst. But if you know
whats coming, you can
plan to give certain parts
some extra care early on.
Already in the throes of
aging? (Trick question. We
all are.) Youre never too
old to do anything to help
to maintain wellness of
your body, says Dr. Ronan
Factora, geriatric-medicine
expert at Cleveland Clinic.

35

30

?
Age when
body part
begins to
falter

18

Your eyes begin like a multifocal

camera, says Dr. Rachel Bishop at
the National Institutes of Healths
National Eye Institute, but by age
40, range of sight declines. To
prevent eye disease, dont smoke,
and wear sunglasses to keep out UV
radiation; sun exposure and smoking
accelerate cataract formation.

MUSCLES
All of us lose muscle and gain fat
as we age, says Dr. Luigi Ferrucci,
scientic director of the National
Institute on Aging. That sad tradeoff picks up at age 40. You need
to absolutely insert exercise activity
in your routine if you want to avoid
muscle decline, Ferrucci says.

BONES
Bone mass tends to go downhill at
a rate of up to 1% per year after
age 35 (and faster after menopause).
Weight-bearing exercise makes a big
difference in bone density. A 2015
study found that simply jumping
20 times twice a day signicantly
improved hip-bone mineral density.

LUNGS
Lung function begins dropping
1% a year at 30 and declines more
in people who are sedentary than in
those who are active, says Dr. Thomas
Perls, geriatrician and principal
investigator of the New England
Centenarian Study at Boston Medical
Center. The antidote: exercise.

SKIN
From around 18, resilient collagen
and stretchy elastin decline at about
1% per year. You can slow the process
by not smoking, eating well and wearing
titanium or zinc sunscreen every day
even if youre indoors. A 2012 study
found that some compact uorescent
bulbs emit skin-damaging UV light.

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BRAIN
70

You dont lose your mind all at

oncebut by 70 youll start to
see age-related brain changes
speed up, says George Rebok, a
cognitive-aging researcher at Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health. Stick with activities that
engage and stimulate you, he says.

60

EARS
Age-induced hearing loss happens
gradually, but 1 in 3 people ages
65 to 74 has it. Theres not much
you can do to slow it, but listening to
or playing lots of loud music or working
in noisy industries like construction
will hasten it, says Boston Medical
Centers Perls.

65

HEART
As you age, your heart-muscle cells
shrink in number but expand in size,
which makes your heart wall thicker.
Your arteries tend to get stiffer too.
Starting at age 20 to 30, peak aerobic
capacity drops by about 10% per
decade, and heart disease typically
kicks in around age 65.

KIDNEYS

50

You wont necessarily feel it, but

decline in kidney function starts
around 50. The best thing to do is
drink plenty of water. Since thirst
decreases with age, you may have
to remind yourself. One study found
people who drank the most uids
were less inclined to kidney decline.

60
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GUT
The hairs on your head arent
the only strands to go. Villi in
your intestinetiny hairlike
projections that absorb the
nutrients in foodtend to atten
out around age 60, says Cleveland
Clinics Factora, and the loss means
youll absorb fewer nutrients.

81

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LIVING LONGER | PSYCHOLOGY

GET YOUR
HEAD IN
THE GAME
CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH IS SHOWING
THAT YOUR OUTLOOK CAN CHANGE HOW YOU
AGEAT THE CELLULAR LEVEL. HERES HOW
BY JEFFREY KLUGER

we tend to face aging with feel-good slogans,

bringing platitudes to a knife fight. Im 70 years
young! we say, ignoring the fact that, going by average U.S. life expectancy, it wont be long before were 78
years dead. Fifty is the new 40, we tell ourselves, when
the mathematical reality is no, its not. Fifty will never
even be the new 4912.
Then comes a bit of wisdom that, if anything, seems
like the most shopworn of all: Youre only as old as you
feel. As sentiments go, it has the twin aws of being
both banal and blamingas if feeling old is your own
fault. It turns out, however, that whoever coined that
one may have been onto something big.
Its no secret anymore that the familiar mind-body
divide, with your head home to the abstract and ethereal and your esh home to the messy and mechanical,
is nonsense. Your moods, feelings and thoughts all inuence your physiology. Learn to relax and your blood
pressure goes down; emerge from depression and your
immune system picks up; take a pharmacologically
useless sugar pill that youre told is a powerful drug
for your headache or backache or infection and as if by
magic, you get better.
The tantalizing question, then, has always been this:
If the mind can heal the body, can it also rejuvenate it?
Can it make it physically, measurably younger or, at
the very least, slow the aging process? The people who
research such things already accept that the way we

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Photo-illustration by Evan Kafka for TIME

83

LIVING LONGER | PSYCHOLOGY

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think and feel can increase the population of diseaseghting white blood cells and lower the level of the hormone that raises blood pressure, so why couldnt it help
recalcify bones or reverse heart disease or preserve the
brain cells that are lost with age? Youre only as old as
you feel may merely be part of the equation. Perhaps,
within reason, youre only as old as you bloody well
choose to bebecause research is mounting that your
outlook, your personality and, frankly, how upbeat you
are have a profound impact not just on how you feel but
also on how your cells age.
Lets treat mind and body as just words, says Ellen
Langer, a professor of psychology at Harvard University
who has been studying aging, mindfulness, decisionmaking and health since the late 1970s. Lets put them
together as one thing and say anywhere you put the
mind, you also put the body.
Once you make that leap, the medical tool kit becomes a lot larger. It includes not just pharmacology
and surgery but also things like meditation, optimism,
resilience and social connectionsall the stuff thats
always been far outside medicines visible wavelength
but suddenly is nding a place comfortably within it.
Consider one study, for instance, showing that even
a single day of a mindfulness meditation practice can
down-regulate a gene that codes for inammation
one of the greatest drivers of aging. Or the one showing that reducing stress can reduce the cellular damage
from the highly reactive oxygen atoms known as free
radicals. Or the research that found, most remarkably,
that the telomeres within your cellsthe little cuffs
that cap chromosomes and erode over your lifespan
can actually be made to grow longer, provided your
mind is in the right state to make it happen.
It comes down to daily behavior and the choices
we make, says Elissa Epel, a professor of psychiatry
at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF),
who studies stress and aging. We have a growing set
of studies of people from around the world showing
that aging is not just an aspect of genetics but of how
we live. Deciding to live better, it increasingly seems,
is the same as deciding to live younger.

84

Ellen Langer,
professor of
psychology
at Harvard
University
Age: 67

AGING
INTERVENTION:
I dont get
stressed about
combatting age,
which leads me
to take care of
myself naturally,
without an
agenda. I like
to play tennis
and take walks
because its fun
to do so. When
we nurture our
minds, were
taking care of
our bodies.

The Levers of Aging

over the course of a lifetime, telomeres burn
down like a sort of candle wick, leaving the chromosomes
vulnerable to damage and starting the aging process.
Investigators have understood the basics of telomeres since 1978, when then postdoctoral fellow
Elizabeth Blackburn, now at UCSF, rst mapped their
structure and later, with her collaborator Jack Szostak
of Harvard, their function. In 1984, Blackburn and her
graduate student Carol Greider, now at Johns Hopkins

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I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y G R A F I L U F O R T I M E

Winding Back the Mind

it wasnt until the late 1970s that researchers
began seriously thinking about using the mind to arrest the aging process, and it was Langers landmark
counterclockwise study that really got things started. In 1979, when she was just beginning her Harvard
teaching career, she recruited a group of eight men in
their 70s for a ve-day stay at a retreat in New Hampshire. The men were in neither good nor bad health but
what was considered age-appropriate healthwhich
is to say slow, bent and easily fatigued. But Langer was
determined to change that.

LONGEVITY
GURU:

The retreat, as the men discovered when they

arrived, was a former monastery designed to look as
the world did to them in 1959. Vintage programs were
showing on vintage TVs. Midcentury music played on
midcentury radios. The men were treated too as they
would have been back thenno one offered to help
them with their bags or fetch them a blanket. They kept
their conversation to the topics they would have discussed in 1959the doings in the Eisenhower White
House, say, or the DodgersWhite Sox Series face-off.
And lest the men get a glimpse of themselves and break
the spell, all mirrors were removed from the space.
At the beginning and end of the ve-day span, Langer
administered a series of physical and cognitive aptitude
tests to the men, and the result was as she expected: on
virtually every metric, their performance improved dramatically, and in many cases it was closer to what would
be expected for men a decade or two younger.
The study spoke volumes to the potential we have
to change our health, Langer says. At some point people just tell us we cant. If youre 20 and you hurt your
wrist, you expect it to get better. When youre 70, youve
bought into the mind-set that youre falling apart, and
then you do.
Langer went on to test the same premise in other
ways. After recruiting a sample group of hotel maids
who were battling their weight, she told half the sample
that studies showed the work they did every day was
actually a vigorous form of calorie-burning exercise.
The other women were given no such information. At
the end of the study, the women who believed that their
work was a workout lost more weight than those in the
other group.
Langers studies, compelling as they are, are not complete. They do a very good job of proving that thinking
young appears to make the body youngor at least
youngerbut they dont say why. Langer herself is
more philosophical than empirical on this. The mechanism is the part thats so hard to get across to people,
she says. But when the mind and body are one, theres
no mediator needed.
Maybe. But even if she doesnt need a mediator, other
scientists do, and theyre looking hard for itstarting
inside human cells, at telomeres.

WorldMags.net
School of Medicine, discovered the enzyme telomerase, which repairs and maintains telomeresat least
when its around at sufcient levels. When those levels
fall, which happens as we get older, the aging process is
kicked off. The discovery won all three of them the 2009
Nobel Prize for Medicine.
When studies look at which individuals will die in
the next three years, Blackburn says, the chances are
higher if your telomeres are shorter. Telomere shortening plays into cardiovascular disease, immune-system
problems and maybe diabetes by affecting beta cells in
the pancreasthough that ones been shown only in
mouse models so far.
The question is, Are there ways to intervene to spare
the telomeres and preserve your health? The answer
at least preliminarilyis yes, and stress reduction is
one powerful method. In 2014, Epel and her colleague
Eli Puterman, also of UCSF, studied 239 healthy, postmenopausal women over the course of a year. Many of
the subjects were experiencing at least one of 13 major
life stressors, which included unemployment in the
family, nancial woes, divorce and the illness of a child.
The length of their telomeres was measured at the beginning and end of the year, and the more life stressors
these women experienced in that time, the more their
telomeres shortened that year. But some of the women
also practiced good health behaviorsthey exercised,
ate well and slept well. Consistently, the women who
also practiced good health behaviors maintained their
telomere length. The question had always been whether the telomeres respond to daily lifestyle changes or if
the system is chronic and proceeds at its own pace, Epel
says. In our study, it was lifestyle, with damage occurring mostly in people who were sedentary.
Worse, telomere-shortening stress is not conned
to older people and does not even have to be experienced rsthand. Epel cites studies showing that when
cord blood is drawn from newborns, the babies whose
mothers had experienced more stress when they were
pregnant showed shorter telomeres than those whose

THE REGULAR PRACTICE OF

[MEDITATION] SEEMS TO BE ABLE
TO ALTER THE TRAJECTORY OF
AGE-RELATED CHANGES.
richard davidson, neuroscientist at
university of wisconsin, madison

time February 23March 2, 2015

moms had easier pregnancies. We replicated that original nding, she says, and it suggests healthy telomere
maintenance doesnt start when youre born but before
youre born.
Some researchers believe that improvements in
exercise and other healthy behaviors can increase
the output of telomerase, and animal studies in test
tubes show that increased telomerase may in turn
make telomeres grow. Telomerase supplements,
howevereither synthetically produced or in the
many herbal supplements that claim to include the
enzymeare not the answer. If telomeres never burn
down, you get immortal cellswhich is another way
of saying cancer cells.
Cancers love telomerase, and a number of cancers
up-regulate it like crazy, says Blackburn. But some
cancers are also related to low telomerase because that
makes telomeres less stable. Trying to boost telomerase through supplements is a very dangerous game to
playat least given the current state of medical knowledge. We dont know how to strike some kind of balance. My feeling would be that if I take anything that
would push my telomerase up, Im playing with re,
says Blackburn.
Putting Out Fires
telomeres arent the only big, stress-related
players in the aging game. Another is chronic inammation. When youre anxious, the sympathetic nervous systemwhich is not known for thinking things
through too clearlyassumes youre about to encounter a predator or some other life-threatening challenge.
The brain thus sends a signal to the adrenal gland to
start secreting the hormones epinephrine and cortisol;
together, these hormones signal the immune system
to release proteins known as inammatory cytokines.
These prepare white blood cells and other infection
ghters to rush to the site of an anticipated wound.
That works quite well when there really is a wound,
or when the danger is eeting and you escape without injury. Either way, the system, thanks largely to
cortisol, dials itself back down. But what if youre always braced for a battle of some kindwith your boss,
your kids, your credit-card statementsand the body
is always ooded with inammatory chemicals? In
those cases the body suffers from whats known as
inammationand thats bad.
There is no invader as there is with a wound, but
were reacting as if there is anyway, says Epel. That
creates a friendly environment for cancer, brain deterioration, cardiovascular disease. In other words, for
many of the main killers of aging.
One of the best ways to battle this is with a settled
psychic state, through meditation and mindfulness
exercises. Increasingly, researchers are nding that a

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The Optimism Effect

almost as powerful as meditationand certainly easier for people who would be perfectly happy to set
aside time for solitary contemplation in a quiet place if
86

LONGEVITY
GURU:

Steven Austad,
researcher
on aging at
University of
Alabama at
Birmingham
Age: 68

AGING
INTERVENTION:
I dont have a
great relationship
with relaxation.
Exercise is one
way I relieve
stress. I nd
nothing more
satisfying than
going to bed at
night and being
so physically
tired I can hardly
lift my arms or
my legs. If I died
in a climbing
accident at
the age of 90,
that would be
perfect.

they could nd the hour and the place and the quietis
simple optimism. Challenges and setbacks and even
tragedies are nonnegotiable parts of life, but what is
negotiable is how you face them.
Dr. Hilary Tindle, a physician and clinical investigator at Vanderbilt University, has produced a body
of work on the connection between attitude and
health, and all of it points to the improbable power of
just being hopeful. In one massive 2009 study, Tindle
analyzed data from 97,253 women who had lled out
questionnaires for the National Institutes of Healths
Womens Health Initiative, trying to correlate hopefulness and mortality. Women who had scored high
on optimismbeing hopeful about the futurethe
results showed, had signicantly lower rates of heart
disease, cancer and mortality than women who scored
high on pessimism.
Tindle also studied cynicism, which can be described as feelings of pessimism about other people,
expecting them to be untrustworthy and even harmful. Women with lower cynicism, compared with those
who viewed most other people with suspicion, had
lower risk of death.
In a 2012 study, she compared more than 430 people
who had undergone coronary-bypass surgery284 of
whom were diagnosed with at least low-level clinical
depression and 146 of whom were not. The subjects all
took the same optimism survey that the sample group
in the other study had. Within eight months after surgery, the depressed pessimists had more than twice the
complication and rehospitalization rate than the optimistic group.
As a doctor my goal is to help people understand this
connection more than they do, Tindle says. But they
need to do so in a way that makes it actionable. In other
words, how do we put all these new ndings to work?
That, ultimately, is the critical question. Researchers are divided on how possible it is for people who have
made it to middle age cynical or stressed or sedentary to
undo all the damage to their systems through outlook
change and meditation alone. But the research is piling
up that it can helpand it certainly cant hurt.
As with most matters involving health, it comes
down in large measure to lifestylediet, exercise, adequate sleep and positive attitude. Thats not sexy, but
when it comes to longevity, take what works over what
makes headlines. The fact is that the aging odometer
never runs backward. The 70-year-old will always be
10 years older than the 60-year-old. But if youre talking about how many years both of those people have
remaining, put your money on a happy, active 70 over a
cynical, sedentary 60.
That, if nothing else, puts a sweet twist on the hard
rule that all lives must end: enjoy the time youve got,

and you just might get more of it.

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I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y G R A F I L U F O R T I M E

particular form of meditation known as Mindfulness

Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)which, as its name
suggests, includes paying close attention to feelings,
thoughts and other stimuli while meditatingcan
calm an inamed immune system in the same way it
can calm an inamed mood.
In 2013, Richard Davidson, a neuroscientist and the
founder of the Center for Investigating Healthy Minds
at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, conducted
a pair of studies showing just how powerful an effect
MBSR can have on the body. In one, he and his colleagues compared 40 subjects21 of whom engaged
in eight hours of a combination of guided meditation,
meditative walks and lectures on meditation, and 19
of whom engaged in equally relaxing activities but
without the meditation. At the end of even so brief
a period as eight hours, the meditators showed a decrease in the expression of the very genes that regulate
inflammationmeaning a decrease in inflammation itself too.
Another study replicated the findings over the
course of eight weeks, and at the end, the experimenters
used a suction device to raise a small blister on the arms
of the subjects. When uid was withdrawn, the meditators showed signicantly lower levels of inammatory
cytokinesthe same cytokines that do so much damage when they circulate in the body chronically.
The regular practice of certain contemplative methods seems to be able to alter the trajectory of age-related
changes, Davidson says. Some studies even show that
meditation can slow the age-related decline of gray matter in the brain.
On this last point, Davidson understates things.
Exciting research published in February out of UCLA
compared two sample groups of 50 people, ranging in
age from 24 to 77a good demographic slice since gray
matter actually begins declining when were in our 20s.
One group was made up of people who did not meditate,
the other of people who had been regular meditators for
anywhere from four to 46 years. All 100 subjects brains
were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging, and
the results were unmistakable: the meditators showed
less gray-matter loss in several regions of the brain compared with the nonmeditators.
We expected rather small and distinct effects located in some of the regions that had previously been
associated with meditating, said Dr. Florian Kurth,
co-author of the study. Instead, what we actually
observed was a widespread effect of meditation that
encompassed regions throughout the entire brain.

LIVING LONGER | BRAIN

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CAN BRAIN
GAMES KEEP
MY MIND
YOUNG?
BY JUSTIN WORLAND

LONGEVITY
GURU:

George Rebok,
cognitive-aging
researcher at
Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg
School of Public
Health Age: 65

P O R T R A I T I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y G R A F I L U F O R T I M E

AGING
INTERVENTION:
I am an avid
reader, attend
lots of plays
and concerts,
and jog several
times a week. I
develop cognitive
interventions
for older adults,
which helps
me as much
as I hope it
helps them. I
have no plans
for retirement
anytime soon.

time February 23March 2, 2015

its easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full
of brain games or download the right apps, and
within 20 minutes youll be doing your part to
sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable
decline of your mental functions. At least thats
what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true?
Concrete proof about the benets of brain
games is hard to come by, experts say, when it
comes to measurably improving aspects of mental tness, like having a good memory or sound
reasoning. People would really love to believe
you could do something like this and make
your brain better, make your mind better, says
Randall W. Engle, the primary investigator at
the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the
Georgia Institute of Technology. Theres just no
solid evidence.
Thats not to say brain games are without
benet. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brainjust not in a
way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain
changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack
what researchers call transfer. In other words,
repeating a game over and over again teaches
you how to play the game and get better at it but
not necessarily much else.
Its like, you walk through fresh snow, you
leave a trace. If you walk the same route again,
the trace gets deeper and deeper, says Ursula
Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact
that structural changes occur [in the brain]

does not imply that in general this brain has

become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.
Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientic ofcer
at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, cites
a 2007 study he led as support for his companys
getting into the brain-game business in the
rst place. Our basic intention was to release
a product that helps people improve cognitive
abilities, he says. Scanlon says the research,
which Lumosity funded and conducted, found
that online-based brain training can improve
thinking. The small study of 23 people is one
of several studies Lumosity has performed,
though most have not been peer-reviewed.
As the brain-game industry has grown
revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a
report from neuroscience market-research rm
Sharp Brainsso has the criticism. More than
70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists
signed a withering statement on the subject last
year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford
Center on Longevity and covered by media
outlets across the world, argued that claims on
behalf of brain games about improved cognition were frequently exaggerated and at times
misleading. The scientists also laid out criteria
that the games would have to meet to convince
them of their merit. Its a tough list.
Still, Staudinger allows that brain games
do have the benet of being funwhich may
make them a worthwhile way for people of
any age to spend time. Theres no question
that many consumers have become devoted to
them. Lumosity, which offers some games free
and a premium membership at a cost, says it
reached 50 million members in 2013.
The issue most scientists have with people
playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else
that actually would improve your cognitive
ability. Most researchers agree that the activity
most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain
is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound
scientic research has shown to help an aging
brain include healthy dietary choices, regular
meditation and learning new things.
As brain games evolve and new, impartial
research emerges, its possible that the scientic consensus about their impact on the brain
will change. But Engle doesnt think its likely.
I need fairly substantial evidence that its not
kind of a gimmick, he says. Im a scientist.

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87

LIVING LONGER | PRESIDENTS

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WHY DO
PRESIDENTS
LIVE SO LONG?
BY NANCY GIBBS AND MICHAEL DUFF Y

88

HALE TO THE
CHIEF
Presidents
get the best
medical care
and tend
to exercise,
whether for
tness, photo
ops or plain
old sanity

chopped brush and lifted weights. Bush the younger

took to biking when his knees put a halt to running.
If some of that recreation was done for public relations
purposes, most Presidents have come to rely on it for
private sustenance. (Not everyone got the memo: as
President, Bill Clinton may have been conspicuously
photographed in his jogging shorts, but he typically
relaxed in the ofce by reading, doing crosswords and
chewing on cigars, a pattern that probably helped land
him in New YorkPresbyterian Hospital for bypass surgery in 2004 and another surgery six years later. He is
now a part-time vegan.)
The elder Bush, who as President was known to try
three or four different sports in a single day, still takes
exercise to extremes and jumped out of airplanes with
Army skydivers at ages 80, 85 and 90. I want people
at my age to know they dont have to slow down, he
once told us. Last summer the elder Bush had young
aides haul his wheelchair out on the dock of his Maine
seaside compound so he could bomb around the North
Atlantic on his speedboat.
Theres body, and then theres mind. We all may

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A D A M S , C A R T E R : A P ; F O R D, R E A G A N : G E T T Y I M A G E S

here is a classic conundrum of cause and effect:

the men who survive the crushing pace (not to mention
lethal diet) of multiple U.S. presidential campaigns and
go on to hold one of the most stressful jobs in the world
also have a habit of outliving the rest of us.
In the fall of 2012, Jimmy Carter, now 90, took his
place in history as the President who had lived the
longest after leaving the White House31 years and
231 days out of ofce, breaking the record of Herbert
Hoover, who died in 1964. Carter left the White House
in January 1981, went back to Georgia and proceeded
to teach, improve his Spanish, paint, write poetry,
win the Nobel Peace Prize and write 21 books about,
among other things, how to nd a second career. He
is rather typical. Ronald Reagan lived until 93. So did
Gerald Ford. George Bush the elder, like Carter, is 90.
Even in the 19th century, when the average man died
at age 47, U.S. Presidents lived an average of 69 years,
and John Adams made it to 90. Granted, the presidential
demographic typically enjoys access to better nutrition,
health care and living conditions. Yet these men also
knew pressure that few of us can imagine, and stress is
a proven toxin.
So does the presidency endow people with some special life force, or do they share some quality that helps
get them to the White House in the rst place? Is there
something about holding the ofce that forces men
and presumably one day womento live a healthy lifestyle rather than just aspire to it?
For starters, there is constant vigilance. Ignoring
troubling symptoms is not an option for someone who
has a doctor following him virtually everywhere he
goes; medical teams are steps away at all times. Even
when Presidents return to private life, they are shadowed by Secret Service details, albeit smaller ones.
Among those agents, an EMT is always on duty. Think
of it as a retirement benet.
At least since the mid-1970s, nearly every President
has been devoted to some kind of regular exercise. Ford
swam and skied. Carter jogged almost daily. Reagan

WorldMags.net
Adams,
Ford,
Carter and
Reagan
are some
of the
longestlived
Presidents

know we need to manage our stress, but for a sitting

President this is imperative, a consistent part of the advice they give one another. Be sure to rest. Take your
vacations. Use Camp David. After the hard-fought 1960
election, Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy met in
Key Biscayne, Fla., where Nixon made an unsolicited
promise. I may criticize your policies, he told Kennedy,
but of one thing I can assure you: I shall never join in
any criticism of you, expressed or implied, for taking
time off for relaxation. There is nothing more important than that a President be physically, mentally and
emotionally in the best possible shape to confront the
immensely difcult decisions he has to make.
For many Presidents, stress acts as a force multiplier.
The toll stress takes, research has shown, depends on
how it is viewed. What is normally harmful becomes
helpful when it is treated as a fact of life or a chance
to learn. The more powerful a person is, the more in
control, the better the odds he has learned to use stress
to his advantage. Clinton aides aunted his mantra
like a bumper sticker: That which doesnt kill him
only makes him stronger. For people with that kind of
time February 23March 2, 2015

93

Age at
death of
the two
oldest U.S.
Presidents,
Ronald
Reagan and
Gerald Ford

resiliencesometimes called adaptive competence

stress can correlate with a longer life.
Out of ofce, the challenge changes. Presidents tend
to be not just type-A but triple-A personalities, guys
who dont spend a lot of time lounging around checking their Facebook feeds (although Clinton and Bush
the elder both tweet). Slowing down isnt something
they really want to do. When I got out of the White
House, Carter recalled, I had a life expectancy of 25
[more] years, and so I needed to gure out how to use it.
Former Presidents are particularly well positioned
to do good: to engineer an immense humanitarian rescue effort, as Hoover did in the years after World War II,
or to promote reform and democracy, as Ford and Carter
did as unlikely partners. Clinton launched his Global
Initiative, while George W. Bush has focused on veterans. Engaging in meaningful work also correlates
closely with longevityand modern Presidents have
typically made it their mission to leverage their fame
for a cause they believe in. So, in psychological terms,
they settle in for the long haul.
Of course, ex-Presidents have something else to keep
them going: a need to burnish their reputation for history, particularly if their time in ofce didnt go exactly
as they had planned. Most of us are not quite as likely
to have accumulated as many regrets and scars, nor are
we in as strong a position to do something about them.
Correctingor whitewashingthe record on a global
scale probably helps keep the former Presidents alive a
little longer, if only because there is often so much work
to be done. That can be a campaign that never ends, a
second lifes work.
It may even be that unloved Presidents have an edge
in this area. Few wept when Harry Truman left Washington in 1953, ceding the White House to the wildly
popular Dwight Eisenhower. But Truman lived another
19 years, and his reputation improved annually. Even
Nixon, who resigned in 1974, lived two more decades,
writing books, opening a think tank and driving his
successors more or less crazy. He was determined to
have the last word, which might be a useful longevity
strategy. Asked once how he had survived all the criticism aimed at him during the Depression, Hoover said
simply, I outlived the bastards.
Finally, theres the kind of legacy you can read about
in books, and then theres the kind any fool can see.
And so as 2015 unfolds, its important to note that three
of the four current ex-Presidents may have something
else to live for now. Clintons wife Hillary is trying to become the 45th President, and so is Bush son and brother
Jeb. Aides to the elder Bush privately admit that the
prospect of seeing a second son run for the White House
helps keep him going.
And nothing gets the blood pumping like a little
competition among friends.

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89

WorldMags.net

IWantToBeRecycled.org

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LIVING LONGER | DIET

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were accustomed to thinking about diets

as a short-term x for unwanted weight gain, but
eating for a long, healthy life requires a different
approach. The priority should be a diet that prevents illnessand especially heart disease, the
No. 1 killer in the U.S. Many experts believe that
means a diet high in vegetables, whole grains
and some fat. But a meal plan for longevity
might also mean cutting back on proteinand,
some experts say, reducing calories overall.
Many experts look to Europeto the Mediterranean, specicallyfor dietary secrets to
a long life. While some debate remains about
what people in the region actually ate, theres
near consensus about the benets of sh, fruits
and vegetables and extra-virgin olive oil.
In 2009 researchers randomly assigned 7,447
people at high risk for heart disease to one of
three diets: the Mediterranean diet, with lots
of olive oil; the Mediterranean diet, with extra
nuts; and a low-fat control diet. Those who followed one of the versions of the Mediterranean
diet, which was high in fat, had about a 30%
lower risk of having a heart attack or stroke
and a similar reduction in risk of dying of heart
disease after ve years. The ndings were so impressive, the study ended early. (With results
that strong, its considered unethical to withhold the advantageous approach from the other
groups.) The ndings were published in 2013 in
the New England Journal of Medicine.
Its impossible to parse which nutrients,
exactly, produced the benets. Many experts
think its the result of the foods in combination. And at odds with some nutrition trends,
the healthy diet was also relatively low in

protein, which provided on average just 17% of

daily calories, compared with up to 35% in the
standard American diet. Also raising questions
about protein is a 2014 study in Cell Metabolism.
It showed that middle-aged Americans who ate
a lot of animal protein were more likely to die of
cancer and other causes, compared with people
who opted for more plant-based protein. Study
author Valter Longo, director of the University
of Southern Californias Longevity Institute,
recommends that people cut down on protein
overall to live longer.
That advice may raise eyebrows, since many
diets for weight loss, including the popular
paleo diet, advocate high protein. Theres a misconception that its O.K. to eat a lot of it, Longo
says. People dont understand it could lead to
some major aging factors. One such factor is the
impact of the growth hormone IGF-1 (insulinlike growth factor 1). While its important for
early development, getting too much from highprotein foods later may accelerate aging.
Longo and others were tipped off to the possibilities when studying a rural population in
Ecuador with a genetic mutation that keeps
their IGF-1 very low. They found that IGF-1decient people are typically short in stature
but also rarely get diseases that tend to hit people as they age, like cancer or Type 2 diabetes.
Limiting animal protein is a way to lower IGF-1
and keep aging effects at bay, says Longo.
A sizable camp of nutrition scientists also
say we should cut back on how much we eat
overall, with some recommending intermittent fastingalternating between regular food
consumption and short periods of eating almost
nothing. Others say a diet with about 25% fewer
calories than normal may extend life, as has been
shown in many animal studies. In humans, studies have found that signicantly reducing calorie
consumption may reduce cardiovascular-disease
riskwhich could, in turn, impact longevity.
One thing experts can agree on is that wed all
benet from less sugar, particularly added sugar
in the form of fructose. A 2015 study in Mayo
Clinic Proceedings pinpointed added fructose as
the primary driver of Type 2 diabetes, which has
reached epidemic proportions in the U.S.
For now, unsatisfying though it may be, the
bottom line is that more research is needed before any one diet can be heralded as the key to
a long, healthy life. But a diet low in sugar and
high in plants, nuts, fruit, fat and some protein
is a good bet. Just be sure to add the other secret

ingredient too: exercise.

time February 23March 2, 2015

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WHAT DIET
HELPS PEOPLE
LIVE THE
LONGEST?

P O R T R A I T I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y G R A F I L U F O R T I M E

BY ALEXANDRA SIFFERLIN

MY LOW-PROTEIN
DIET IS ALMOST
COMPLETELY PLANTAND FISH-BASED.
I HAVE ONLY ONE
MAJOR MEAL A
DAY: DINNER.

LONGEVITY
GURU:

Valter Longo,
director of the
USC Longevity
Institute
Age: 47

EAT WELL,
LIVE LONGER:
People who
followed
the modern
Mediterranean
diet had a 30%
lower risk of
heart attack
than people on
a low-fat diet

93

LIVING LONGER | MARRIAGE

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DO MARRIED
PEOPLE
REALLY LIVE
LONGER?
BY ALEXANDRA SIFFERLIN

the short answer is yes, especially if you are a

manbut there are plenty of caveats.
Marriage, if you stay married, is wonderful social
support, says Peter Martin, a professor of human development and family studies at Iowa State University.
Having a partner during middle age, which is when
chronic diseases often rst appear, is protective against
premature death, according to a 2013 study that Martin and his co-authors published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine. They also found that people who never
married were more than twice as likely to die early as
people in stable marriages. Being married is a big factor in survivorship, Martin concluded.
Martins team isnt the rst to make the connection between marriage and longer life. A 2013 study
of 15,330 cardiac events showed that married people
have considerably better prognoses than singles. The
effect has been observed beyond heart-disease patients. Other research indicates that married people
are more likely to have their cancer detected early and
less likely to die early from it.
Longevity researchers believe its tied to the live-in
emotional and physical support. When you have someone around all the time, it means you have someone to
remind you to take your meds and go to the doctor. And
if you fall down or otherwise hurt yourself, theres a good
chance there will be someone around to help you. Married people are also more likely to adopt healthy behaviors like exercising and quitting smoking if their partner
does. Martin, who interviews centenarians, says hes
heard many of them say they abide by healthy behaviors
their long-deceased spouse used to remind them about.
Some of the marriage benets seem to outlast the partner who doesnt make it to very old age, he says.
The so-called marriage effect doesnt appear to
benet men and women equally, however. The Terman
94

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WorldMags.net
In her book
The Lovers,
photographer
Lauren
Fleishman
documents
couples whove
been together
for more than
50 years.
Clockwise from
top left:
Chong and
Sung Kwak,
married
55 years;
Theauther and
Annie Love,
60 years;
Joseph and
Dorothy
Bolotin, 76
years; and
Eric Marcoux
and Eugene
Woodworth, 60
years.

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Photographs by Lauren Fleishman

LIVING LONGER | MARRIAGE

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96

Gino and Angie

Terranova,
married 67 years

sex or their in-laws. They found that couples who are

hostile toward each other tend to have more stress hormones in their blood, less adaptive immune systems
and slower metabolic rates after eating high-fat meals.
The way people treat each other on a daily basis clearly
impacts physical health, says Kiecolt-Glaser. Poor marital quality and the stress associated with it are linked
to differences in inammation, a marker for disease,
she adds. Thats a great pathway to all the nastiness
that comes with aging.
Even the best-case scenario of a happy and long marriage can come with a sad, if darkly romantic, twist:
couples who die in old age within days or months of
each other. While its not completely understood, experts suggest that broken-heart syndrome could be to
blame. Broken-heart syndromea colloquial name for
something called stress-induced cardiomyopathycan
be caused by an emotionally stressful event like the
death of a loved one or even a very tough breakup. Its
often mistaken for a heart attack, but instead of blocked
arteries, the culprit is a tsunami of stress hormones that
cause the heart to temporarily expand, limiting its ability to pump. Still, its probably a risk most lovebirds
are willing to take for a satisfying relationshipand a

longer life.

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time February 23March 2, 2015

L AUREN FLEISHMAN

Life-Cycle Studyan ongoing project that started following more than 1,500 people in 1921found that
whereas steadily married men were likely to live substantially longer than divorced or remarried men, divorced
women lived almost as long as their married peers.
Women who thrived in a good marriage stayed
especially healthy, explains Howard S. Friedman, a
professor of psychology at the University of California,
Riverside, and author of The Longevity Project, which
breaks down and continues to build on the Terman
research. But women who stayed single, got and
stayed divorced or were widowed often lived quite
long without the burdens of husband trouble. They
had good friends instead. (Plenty of research shows
that whether people are married or not, strong social
connections and friendship are especially important
factors in healthy aging.)
Researchers are also learning that the quality of the
marriage might mattera lot. The husband-and-wife
research duo Janice Kiecolt-Glaser and Ronald Glaser
have conducted a number of experiments at Ohio State
University on the topic. In one, they brought couples
into their lab, inserted IV blood-collection catheters and
then asked them to talk through an especially troublesome aspect of their marriagethings like nances,

LIVING LONGER | OPINION

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mel lefers cardiologist told him his

heart disease was so severe he was unlikely to
survive even a year. He was incapacitated by
chest pain up to 30 times a day. More than 28
years ago, I treated him with a program focusing on diet, exercise, stress management and social supportand he has remained angina-free
ever since. Tests showed that his heart disease
was reversing. Hes now 82 and leads a full life.
A convergence of forces has made so-called
lifestyle medicine the most compelling trend
in health care. Start with an aging population,
and add an economic imperative to control
spending and a political debate over how best
to do it. Then throw in evidence that lifestyle
changes can work as a treatment for some
chronic diseaseseither in combination with
drugs and surgery or as an alternativeat a
much lower cost and without side effects.
For almost four decades, my colleagues
and I at the nonprofit Preventive Medicine
Research Institute and at the University of
California, San Francisco, have used science to
test low-tech, low-cost lifestyle interventions.
We landed on a simple prescription: a wholefoods- and plant-based diet; stress-management
techniques, including yoga and meditation;
moderate exercise; and social support. In short:
eat well, move more, stress less and love more.
In randomized, controlled trials, we found
that lifestyle changes alone can often reverse
the progression of severe coronary heart disease. They may begin to reverse Type 2 diabetes
and slow, stop or even reverse the progression
of early-stage prostate cancer.
Tens of millions of Americans have been

prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol, blood

pressure or blood sugar. When the patient asks,
How long do I have to take these drugs? the
reply is usually Forever. But when patients
make changes, they can often reduce or discontinue medication under a doctors supervision.
These studies helped persuade Dr. Kim Williams, the incoming president of the American
College of Cardiology, to go on a whole-foodsand plant-based diet instead of committing to
a lifetime of cholesterol-lowering drugs. As he
wrote, Wouldnt it be a laudable goal of the
American College of Cardiology to put ourselves out of business within a generation or
two? Improving our lifestyles with improved
diet and exercise will help us get there.
The costsboth human and nancialof
drugs and surgery are well documented. Randomized, controlled trials have shown that stents
and angioplasties do not prolong life or prevent
heart attacks in most stable heart patients. Only
a small percentage of men who were treated
for early-stage prostate cancer with surgery or
radiation may benet. Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes affect almost half of Americans over age
20, yet drug treatments to lower blood sugar do
not prevent the onset and complications of diabetes as well as lowering blood sugar with diet
and lifestyle does. And we found in a controlled
study that lifestyle changes lengthen telomeres,
thereby reversing aging on a cellular level.
Right now, 86% of the $3 trillion we spend
each year on health care in the U.S. is for
chronic diseases that can be treated through
lower-cost interventions. Thats one reason it
was a goal of Obamacare to radically change
the incentives for how doctors treat patients. In
a fee-for-service environment, more operations
and hospitalizations generate more revenue.
Under the Affordable Care Act, new models of
payment reward providers for better outcomes,
reducing avoidable procedures by aligning incentives to encourage healthy lifestyles.
Lifestyle medicine is now reimbursable.
Medicare and many private insurers are covering a lifestyle program for heart disease that my
team and I developed. This is a game changer,
because when reimbursement changes, so do
medical practice and even medical education.
This kind of medicine is not just about how
long we live but also how well. And because the
mechanisms of health are so dynamic, youre
likely to feel so much better, so quickly. It reframes the reason for making these changes

from fear of dyingto joy of living.

time February 23March 2, 2015

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ITS TIME TO
EMBRACE
LIFESTYLE
MEDICINE

P O R T R A I T I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y G R A F I L U F O R T I M E

BY DR. DEAN ORNISH

LIFESTYLE
MEDICINE IS
NOT JUST ABOUT
HOW LONG WE
LIVE BUT ALSO
HOW WELL
WE LIVE
LONGEVITY
GURU:

Dean Ornish
is the founder
and president of
the Preventive
Medicine Research
Institute and a
clinical professor
of medicine at
the University of
California, San
Francisco
Age: 61

97

THE PRESIDENTS GOING TO HATE ME! THE NAACPS GOING TO BE DONE WITH ME! PAGE 106

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THE WEEK
CHRISTINA
RETURNS TO
THE VOICE

The Culture
BEST
PICTURE

Oscar Tip Sheet

Wholl win, and
why, in the closest
race in ages
By Richard Corliss

BEST
DIRECTOR
American Sniper
Birdman
Boyhood

Alejandro G. Irritu
Birdman

The Grand Budapest

Hotel

Richard Linklater
Boyhood

The Imitation Game

Selma
The Theory of Everything
Whiplash

three of the four acting contests are sewn

up, and the fourth (Best Actress) is reaching mathematical certitude. The Best Director prize looks
to be won by a Mexican for the second straight
year. But when the Academy Awards air on
Feb. 22, on ABC with host Neil Patrick Harris,
the Best Picture category will make this one
of the cloudiest Oscar races in ages.
The top contenders are trickster endeavors,
each lmed in 30-some days: Birdman, which
pretends to be a single shot lasting nearly two
hours, and Boyhood, which spans 12 years of a
Texas lads life. Earlier awards from the most inuential Hollywood guildsProducers, Directors
and Screen Actorsgive Birdman the edge: no lm
that failed to take at least one of these awards has
won Oscars top prize since 1996, when Braveheart
defeated the guilds favorite Apollo 13. Then again,
the British Academy (BAFTA) has picked the correct lm for the past six years. And this time, BAFTA
chose Boyhood.
Hovering above these two acclaimed movies is the
(red state) elephant on the ballot: American Sniper,
which has earned more at the domestic box ofce
than the other seven Best Picture nominees combined. But it wont win. The Academy voters typically
prefer to honor an artistic triumph (12 Years a Slave
last year) over a crowd pleaser of distinction (Gravity).
Here, then, are my picks for which lms, lmmakers and stars will carry home 812 lb. of Motion Picture
Academy love from the 87th annual awards.

Four of the nalists

American Sniper, The
Imitation Game, Selma
and The Theory of
Everythingt the old
mold of fact-based
stories about heroes
conquering adversity.
None of these is in
serious play for Best
Picture. Sorry, Selma.
What the Hollywood
elite really loves is movies about acting. Consider that three of the last
four Oscar winnersThe
Kings Speech, The Artist
and Argoare tributes
to the divine duplicity of
performance in a palace, a movie studio
or a U.S. embassy.
Birdman nely ts
these contours
and should nose
out Boyhood for the
biggest Oscar.

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Bennett Miller Foxcatcher

Wes Anderson The Grand
Budapest Hotel
Morten Tyldum
The Imitation Game

By all awards
logic, Foxcatcher, which
scored nominations for Director,
Screenplay, Actor and
Supporting Actor, should
also be a nalist for Best
Picture. It isnt, and this
chilly true-life tale may
end up empty-handed on
Oscar night. The Imitation
Game, with its gaudy
cache of eight nominations, could be similarly
stiffed. Scratch Miller
and Tyldum.
Andersons fantasy of
European luxe deserves
Oscars galore but wont
get this one, leaving Linklater to duke it out with
Irritu. Last year Irritus pal Alfonso Cuarn
took Director for Gravity,
though his space epic
lost Picture to 12 Years
a Slave. Degree of difculty will triumph again.
Advantage Birdman.

WorldMags.net
MAKING OSCAR
BEST
ACTOR

BEST
ACTRESS

HISTORY
Marion Cotillard
Two Days, One Night

Steve Carell Foxcatcher

Bradley Cooper
American Sniper
Benedict Cumberbatch
The Imitation Game

BEST
ORIGINAL
SCREENPLAY

Michael Keaton Birdman

At 84, Robert Duvall is

the oldest Best Supporting Actor nominee
ever. (Hes the same
age as American Sniper
director Clint Eastwood.) If Julianne Moore
wins, shell be only the
second star in her 50s
to get Best Actress.

Oscars memory is
short: if The Grand
Budapest Hotel takes
the Best Picture prize,
itll be the rst movie released in the rst three
months of the year to
win since The Silence of
the Lambs in 1992.

Alejandro G. Irritu,
Nicols Giacobone,
Alexander Dinelaris and
Armando Bo Birdman

In the race of conjoinedtwin movies about

tortured Cambridge
geniuses, Cumberbatch
loses to Redmaynes
Stephen Hawking impersonation. Redmayne and
Keaton both do a heck of
a lot of acting, with the
young Brit taking the SAG
and BAFTA prizes. Hes
the favorite to win,
as Cooper settles for
a third consecutive
Best Actor nod.

Richard Linklater
Boyhood

Robert Duvall The Judge

This year, Bradley
Cooper became the
10th man to score an
acting nomination in
three consecutive years.
Of the nine whove
achieved this feat before, only oneRichard
Burtondidnt eventually win an Oscar.

Front runners Boyhood

and Birdman have, to
date, each grossed
under $40 million in
the U.S. Either would
be only one of two Best
Pictures in the past 25
years with such a low
box-ofce take.

Ethan Hawke Boyhood

Edward Norton Birdman
Mark Ruffalo Foxcatcher
J.K. Simmons Whiplash

Simmons, a characteractor lifer most familiar to

TV viewers for his Farmers
Insurance commercials,
has been a lock since the
earliest critics awards for
his turn as the tyrannical teacher in the highly
praised, barely seen Whiplash. No reason even to
provide aisle seats for
the other four nominees, though Nortons
sexy-menacing work
merits lavish praise.

Julianne Moore
Still Alice
Rosamund Pike Gone Girl

Eddie Redmayne The

Theory of Everything

BEST
SUPPORTING
ACTOR

Felicity Jones The Theory

of Everything

E. Max Frye and Dan

Futterman Foxcatcher
Wes Anderson and Hugo
Guinness The Grand
Budapest Hotel
Dan Gilroy Nightcrawler

Were looking for spoken

words here, eloquent
and precise. So discard
Foxcatchera tone poem
of mute male gazes. The
scenes in Boyhood seem
less written down than
lived in and overheard.
Birdman is plenty chatty,
but the dialogue isnt as
telling or voluble as the
labyrinthine camerawork.
Nightcrawler, which
deserved more Oscar
love than it got, portrays
its smiling sociopath
(Jake Gyllenhaal)
through his creepysmooth patter.
But the glittering
specimen is The
Grand Budapest
Hotel. The lines
spoken by concierge
Ralph Fiennes (robbed of
a Best Actor nomination)
are every bit as orid and
delectable as the movies
Russian-doll design. This
will have to be Andersons take-home prize.

WorldMags.net

Reese Witherspoon Wild

Sadly, Best Actress

is nearly an irrelevant
category in this
years Oscar chatter:
Cotillard, Pike and
Moore are the only nominees from their lms. As
a professor battling earlyonset Alzheimers, Moore
is subtle, poignantgreat,
reallyand a sure winner.
Also, with four previous
nominations, shes long
overdue.

BEST
SUPPORTING
ACTRESS
Patricia Arquette
Boyhood
Laura Dern Wild
Keira Knightley
The Imitation Game
Emma Stone Birdman
Meryl Streep
Into the Woods

The movie could almost

be called Momhood, and
Arquette, who brought grit
and a frazzled eccentricity
to the main adult role in
Linklaters family-values
drama, should probably be
vying for Best Actress.
But she has taken
nearly every award in
this safe slot and is
primed to become the
16th actress to win an
Oscar for which Meryl
Streep was nominated.
I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y M I K E M C Q U A D E ; G E T T Y I M A G E S ( 7 )

The Culture

WorldMags.net
Killer Business
An investor turned
activist outfoxes
oligarchs in Russia
By Bill Browder

bill browder may be russian president

Vladimir Putins No. 1 foe. For the past several years
the CEO of Hermitage Capital Management has led
an international campaign to expose deep corruption
and human-rights abuses in Putins Russia. His efforts culminated with Congresss 2012 passage of the
Magnitsky Act, which forbids gross abusers of human
rights in Russia from banking in or visiting the U.S.
Its named after Browders lawyer Sergei Magnitsky,
a whistle-blower who was murdered in a Moscow
prison in 2009 after uncovering massive Russian government fraud.
Before he became an unlikely human-rights
activist, Browder was for a time one of the largest
foreign investors in Russia. In the tumultuous years
following the fall of the Soviet Union, he made a fortune for himself and his clients by confronting some
of the countrys corrupt oligarchs. But in Russia,
shareholder activism could be dangerous work, as
Browder explains in this excerpt from his new book
Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder and One Mans Search for Justice.
in 1939, winston churchill made a famous
speech on whether he thought Russia would
join the Second World War: I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle
wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma, but
perhaps there is a key. That key is Russian national interest.
Fast-forward to the present, when Russias
erratic behavior is terrifying the whole world.
Churchills observations about Russia still
apply, but with one big proviso. Instead of the
national interest guiding Russias actions, they
are now guided by money, specically the
criminal acquisition of money.
I can attest to this rsthand. In 1996 Id started an investment fund in Moscow called the HerIllustrations by Raul Allen for TIME

mitage Fund, in partnership with the billionaire

investor Edmond Safra. We had a spectacular
initial success. It was the best-performing fund
in the world in 1997, up 718% from inception
with assets of more than $1 billion.
But our success would all be thrown into
jeopardy in January 1998 when we collided
with the corruption Russia is so famous for.
It began that month at a New Years party,
where I confronted Boris Jordan, one of Russias
leading investment bankers, about a nancial
scheme called a dilutive share issue that was
going to steal $87 million from my fund.
He met me head-on with a meaty handshake. Bill, how are ya?
Not great, Boris. Whats going on with Sidanco? If this share issue goes through, its going
to be a real problem for me.
The fund, together with Safra, had invested
heavily in an undervalued Russian oil company named Sidanco which had gone up eight
times in one year, making the fund and Safra
more than $100 million. After this big win,
Boris boss, the billionaire oligarch and former
Deputy Prime Minister Vladimir Potanin, decided that we shouldnt have that money. Boris
and his colleagues threatened to implement
this dilutive share issue, which would nearly
wipe out our investment.
Boris didnt want a public confrontation at
a New Years party, so he said, Bill, its all a big
misunderstanding. Dont worry about a thing.
He turned his attention to a tray of canaps and
picked one up. Avoiding my gaze, he said, Tell
you what. Come over to Renaissance tomorrow
at 4:30 and well sort it out.
I took him at his word and tried to enjoy the
party. The next day at 4:30 p.m., I walked into
Renaissance Capitals headquarters next to the

WorldMags.net

Red alert Browders

memoir tells of his
investment success in
postCold War Russia
and his eventual collision
with Russian President
Vladimir Putin

WorldMags.net

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The Culture

Book Excerpt

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Moscow River. I was unceremoniously
shown to a windowless conference room. I
was not offered anything to eat or drink, so
I sat there and waited.
And waited.
And waited.
I was ready to leave when the door nally openedonly it wasnt Boris. It was
Leonid Rozhetskin, a 31-year-old Russianborn, Ivy Leagueeducated lawyer whom
Id met on a few occasions.
Im sorry Boris couldnt make it, Leonid said in English. Hes busy.
I am too.
Im sure you are. What brings you
here today?
You know what, Leonid. Im here to
talk about Sidanco.
Yes. What about it?
If this dilution goes forward, its going
to cost me and my investorsincluding
Edmond Safra$87 million.
Yes, we know. Thats the intention.
What?
Thats the intention, he repeated
matter-of-factly.
Youre deliberately trying to screw us?
He blinked. Yes.
But how can you do this? Its illegal!
This is Russia. Do you think we worry about these types of things?
I couldnt believe this. Leonid, you
may be screwing me over, but some of the
biggest names on Wall Street are invested
with me. The pebble may drop here, but
the ripples go everywhere!
Bill, were not worried about that.
We sat in silence as I processed this.
He looked at his watch and stood. If
thats all, I have to go.
Shocked, I tried to think of a reply and
blurted, Leonid, if you do this, Im going
to be forced to go to war with you.
He froze, and I did too. After a few seconds he began to laugh. What Id said was
preposterous and we both knew it. Go to
war? Against an oligarch? In Russia? Only
a fool would do that. When Leonid was
nally able to contain himself, he said, Is
that so? Good luck with that, Bill. Then he
turned and left.
I was so upset that for several seconds
I couldnt move, and when I nally could,
I shook with humiliation and anger. I
marched out of Renaissance into the
freezing Moscow night. When I got home
I called Edmond. Nobody likes to lose
money, and he was a notoriously bad loser.
When I nished telling him the story, he
asked, What are we going to do, Bill?
102

Were going to ght these bastards,

thats what. Were going to go to war.
What are you talking about, Bill?
Youre in Russia. Youll be killed.
I gathered my wits. Maybe I will,
maybe I wont. But Im not going to let
them get away with it. I didnt care if I
was being brave or stupid, or if there was
even a difference. Id been backed into a
corner and I meant what I said.
I cant be part of this, Bill, he said,
safe in New York, 4,650 miles away.
I was not safe, though, and it lled me
with adrenaline. Edmond, youre my partner, not my boss. Im going to ght these
guys whether youre with me or not.
He didnt have anything else to say and
we hung up. I didnt sleep at all that night.
Wartime
by the next morning, regret and uncertainty had crept into me. But when I
reached my ofce, a rush of activity shook
me from my thoughts. Packed into the
room were more than a dozen heavily
armed bodyguards. The one in charge
came up to me and in an Israeli accent pronounced, Im Ariel Bouzada, Mr. Browder.
Mr. Safra sent us. We have four armored
cars and 15 men. Well be with you for as
long as this situation lasts.
Apparently, Edmond was going to ght
with me after all. But how in hell was I going to ght an oligarch?
I assembled my team and we devised
a plan. Our rst step was to call all the
Western investors who did business with
Potanin and explain the details of what he
was doing to us. Our message was simple:
If you dont stop him, you could be next.
Every other time foreigners got ripped
off in Russia they would attempt to gure
out how to resist. But then their lawyers
and advisers would point out that retaliation was infeasible and dangerous, and
after all the tough talk, they would slink
away like wounded animals.
But this wasnt every other time. I was
never going to let Potanin get away with
this without a ght.
Less than a week later, Boris called,
irate and rattled. B-Bill, what the hell are

Sidancos dilutive share

issue became the cause
clbre in Moscow
along with bets on how
long I was going to survive
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you doing calling our investors?

I tried to sound as calm as possible.
Didnt Leonid tell you about our meeting?
Yes, but I thought you understood the
score.
I continued to play along, praying that
my voice wouldnt crack. What score?
Bill, you dont seem to understand
youre not playing by the rules!
With a steadiness that surprised even
me, I said, Boris, if you think Im not playing by the rules now, wait until you see
what Im about to do to you next. I didnt
wait for his response and hung up, exhilarated. Id won Round 1.
The next part of our plan was to make
the story public. I got in touch with a reporter from the Financial Times and shared
all the details. She devoured every word
and promised that the article would be big.
She contacted Potanin to get his side.
Because we were in Russia, Potanin
had no choice but to escalate. His
response was along the lines of Bill
Browder is a terrible and irresponsible
fund manager. If he had done his job
properly, he would have known I was going to do this to him. His clients should
sue him for every penny hes worth.
It was an admission of his intent to
screw us, and it was on the record.
The FT published the story, which was
then picked up by the rest of the nancial
media. Over the next few weeks, Sidancos dilutive share issue became the cause
clbre in Moscowalong with bets on
how long I was going to survive.
With so much coverage in the press, I
decided to le a complaint with the Russian Federal Securities and Exchange
Commission (FSEC). Pressured by the
high prole of the story, the commissions
top ofcial, a remarkably uncorrupted
man named Dmitry Vasiliev, announced
that he would take up the case. But investigations into Russian corporate malfeasance were virtually unprecedented, and I
had no idea how Vasiliev would act.
Unbeknownst to me, Edmond wasnt
willing to wait. He had dispatched his
main deputy, Sandy Koifman, to Moscow
to negotiate a settlement with Potanin
behind my back. I found out about this
only by chance when one of my brokers
spotted Sandy in Moscow.
I immediately called Safras chief legal
ofcer in New York. He was embarrassed
but said, Bill, Im sorry, but youre way
out of your league here. This is serious
business involving a lot of money. I think

WorldMags.net

Shadowland When Browder went to war with a Russian oligarch, he knew he was in dangerbut refused to back off

its best if you let us take over from here.

He may have been right if this were
the U.S. or Great Britain, but this was Russia. I replied, If you show even the smallest sign of weakness to these guys, our
investors will lose everything, and that
will be on you. I asked for more time to
see what would happen with the FSEC. I
got 10 more days. After that, if nothings
happened, were taking over.
The following days ticked by without so
much as a peep from Vasiliev. On day six,
Edmonds lawyer called and said, Look,
Bill, we promised you 10 days, but nothing
seems to be happening. We appreciate all
that youve done, but its not working.
The next morning I dragged myself
into the ofce with the intention of controlling the damage. Only I didnt have to.
Without any warning, a fax arrived with
a printout of the front page of the Financial Times. The headline read, watchdog
annuls sidanco bond issue. Vasiliev
had shut down the whole thing.
Russia Retaliates
that was it. i had won. id met the
oligarch in the prison yard and earned
some respect. More than that, Id learned
how to ght the Russians, who werent as
invincible as they seemed.
With my new sense of self-condence
I went after the oligarchs proactively. In
time February 23March 2, 2015

the subsequent years I exposed corruption at Sberbank, Unied Energy Systems

and Gazprom with similar success. It
turned out that Vladimir Putin, whod
come to power in 2000, had the same set
of enemies as me. The oligarchs were
stealing power from him and money from
me. Every time I went after an oligarch
Putin would mobilize the authorities and
slap them down.
It seemed as if it was all too good to be
true, and it was. Early one morning in October 2003, as I was running on the treadmill in my apartment watching CNN, a
breaking headline came across the screen
saying that Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russias richest man, had been arrested.
Khodorkovsky had broken Putins
golden rule: Stay out of politics, and you
can keep your ill-gotten gains. Khodorkovsky had given millions of dollars to
the opposition parties for the upcoming
parliamentary elections, and he had
begun to make statements that were
clearly anti-Putin. Putin had to make an
example out of him.
Khodorkovsky was put on trial, convicted and sentenced to nine years in prison. During the trial, Putin did something
unprecedented: he allowed TV cameras in
the courtroom to lm Russias richest man
as he sat silently in the defendants cage.
After Khodorkovsky was found guilty,

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I think most of Russias oligarchs went

one by one to Putin and said, Vladimir
Vladimirovich, what can I do to make
sure I wont end up sitting in a cage?
I wasnt there, so Im only speculating,
but I imagine Putins response was something like this: Fifty percent.
Not 50% to the government or 50% to
the presidential administration, but 50%
to Vladimir Putin. I dont know this for
sure. What I do know for sure was that after Khodorkovskys conviction, my interests and Putins were no longer aligned. He
had brought the oligarchs to heel, consolidated his power and, by many estimates,
become the richest man in the world.
It didnt take long for Putin to turn
against me. In November 2005, I was
expelled from the country and ofcially
declared a threat to national security.
I thought I was done with Russia, but
Russia was not done with me. Everything
that had happened up until that point involved money, but what I couldnt imagine was that in the ensuing years, Putins
personal vendetta against me would see
people close to me imprisoned and dead
as my conicts with Russia metastasized

and spun wildly out of control.

Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder and One
Mans Fight for Justice by Bill Browder. Published by arrangement
with Simon and Schuster Inc. Copyright 2015 by Hermitage
Media Limited

103

The Culture

Books

WorldMags.net
Out of place Carey, born in Australia, has

lived in New York City for many years but

continues to write about his home country

Literary Hack. Amnesia

searches for the webs
deepest motivations

104

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ILLYWHACKER
(1985)

Careys whack at
the Great
Australian Novel: a
tale of a 139-yearold con artist

OSCAR AND
LUCINDA (1988)

The lyrical story of

two gamblers
star-crossed love
and the bet that
changes their lives

JACK MAGGS
(1997)

A reworking of
Dickens Great
Expectations,
written with a
sharp eye for
Victorian hypocrisy

TRUE HISTORY OF
THE KELLY GANG
(2000)

Legendary bandit
Ned Kelly tells the
story of his life

time February 23March 2, 2015

C A R E Y: H E I K E S T E I N W EG O PA L E

hackers favor and prevent her extradition to the

U.S., where she would face the death penalty.
The Angel isnt just any hacker but one Gabrielle Baillieux, the daughter of Felixs onetime
love from the radical movement, making the assignment more attractive and more complicated.
That link reminds us that Carey, who wrote an
entire novel rifng on Great Expectations, is unafraid of indulging the Dickensian pleasure of
coincidence. And that his hacker is a woman
reverses the notion, ingrained by lms, TV and
Silicon Valley, that coding is the domain of men.
We read of Gabys experiences, dictated onto audiotapes, as Felix attempts to understand them.
Amnesia pits one generations antiEstablishment thought against a later generations anti-Establishment action. Felixs
journalism career has revolved around long-held
suspicions that the CIA helped engineer the constitutional crisis that resulted in the dismissal of
Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. A
conspiracy theorist at heart, he writes to impose
order on that obscure event. Gaby, on the other
hand, exists outside the law and perhaps outside
history. Its unclear just what her goals are; she
recalls hacking into NASAs servers and then
nding herself with nothing to say. While Gabys
personal history makes her a rich character, her
politics remains opaque: Does anything motivate
By Daniel DAddario
this hacker, aside from nihilism?
Amnesias power stems from Felixs confusion.
the works of novelist peter carey have long His framework for understanding civil disobeditraveled to unexpected places. Australian by
ence falls short when it comes to Gaby, and he cerbirth, Carey won two Booker Prizes for depicting
tainly cant understand her work. The cyberrealm
the strange, lawless past of his home country in
is unknowable: a state without rules, a man-made
Oscar and Lucinda and True History of the Kelly Gang.
God. What weve forgotten isnt just the ambiguIn his other books, he has skittered
ous history of Australian-U.S. relations
through history and across the Englishthat Felix xates on; its also the degree
speaking world, from Victorian London
to which our lives have become dened
to 1970s New York to the early America
by innite hackable processes. They
visited by Alexis de Tocqueville. In his
can be sent into chaos without our ever
new novel, Amnesia, Carey lands in
comprehending them.
Australia once again, but the history
Oscar and Lucinda, Careys most fais more recent: it tells the story of a
mous novel, depicts early Australia as
dened by Britain, at once standing in
reporter assigned to write about a brilthe mother countrys shadow and asliant, anonymous cyberterrorist.
serting itself against it. In Amnesia, all
Felix Moore, the novels protagoAMNESIA (2015)
the world has become Australia, colonist, begins the tale in a state of nanIn his new novel,
nized by a dominant but barely reachcial ruin. Thats partly what compels
Carey explores the
world of
able statethe webwhose power
him to accept a commission from a pocyberterrorism
structure is utterly clouded. Ask Felix,
litically engaged and wealthy friend to
who has spent his life trying to solve a
write a sympathetic biography of a
mystery thats grown less and less relevant in an
computer hacker who managed to open prison
age when surveillance is blandly accepted: it was
doors in Australia and America remotely. This
easier when there were names and entities upon
mysterious gure is known as the Angel, and Fewhom one could hang a good conspiracy.

lixs story is meant to turn public opinion in the

The Culture

WorldMags.net
Television
Most Sketches
Per Episode

Most Sketches
Kenan Thompson
Fred Armisen
Phil Hartman
Bill Hader
Kevin Nealon

883
856
737
722
691

Charles Rocket
Bill Murray
Chevy Chase
Denny Dillon
Will Ferrell

6.33
5.42
5.34
4.85
4.85

When the 30
Rock star rst
hosted in 1990,
Mike Myers was
in the cast and
Conan OBrien
was a writer.

Call them SNLs

Olympians. They
showed up
onscreen most
frequently when
they were cast
members.

Hosted the
Most Nights

Most Cameos
Jim Hensons Muppets
Andy Kaufman
Chevy Chase
Paul Simon
Tina Fey

Thompson has
impersonated
celebrities from Bill
Cosby to Whoopi
Goldberg in his 12
seasons on the air.

19
15
14
14
13

Saturday Night
Lights

Alec Baldwin
16

Steve Martin
15

On Feb. 15, Saturday Night Live

celebrates its 40th anniversary. TIME
crunched the numbers maintained
by SNL-superfan sites to see which
actors, guests and Muppets came
out on top after 789 episodes.
BY DAVE JOHNSON

John Goodman
13

Darrell
Hammond as
Bill Clinton

Most Impersonated
Celebrities
Barbara Walters
Ted Koppel
Al Sharpton
Chris Matthews
Donald Trump

Impersonated by the
Greatest Number of Actors

31
26
24
24
24

G E T T Y I M A G E S (1 2)

Nothing like anchoring

your own television
show to get you made
fun of by SNLs cast.

Most Impersonated
Politicians
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Hillary Clinton
George H.W. Bush

106
72
60
49
39

Matthew McConaughey
Hillary Clinton
Martha Stewart
Britney Spears
Christina Aguilera

10
9
8
7
7

SNL feels Bubbas pain. The

former President is the shows
favorite political target.

Number of times Drew Barrymore has hosted SNL. Barrymore, who has hosted the show more than
any other woman, was also the youngest host in history. She appeared at the age of 7 in 1982.

time February 23March 2, 2015

Buck Henry
10

Sources: SNL.jt.org; SNLArchives.net

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Chevy Chase
8
S E E M O R E AT

time.com/snl40

105

The Culture

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Television
Prime Timing. This years TV landscape
belongs to Empire, in more ways than one
By Lily Rothman
brand-new music from Timbaland. It has instant
quotability, in the form of Cookie quips (Just
cause I asked Jesus to forgive you dont mean I
do!). But most of all, it has perfect timing.
In the age of Modern Family, its about a clan
thats the opposite of wholesome. (It is inspired
by King Lear, after all.) Henson co-stars with
Terrence Howard, who plays Lucious, her ex.
They left a life of crime to start a successful
company, Empire Entertainment, but Cookie
got caught. She gets out of prison just as hes
picking which of their sons will run Empire
next: the conniving businessman Andre; the
soulful songwriter Jamal, whose sexuality is a
point of contention; or the brash aspiring rapper Hakeem. Lucious has a deadlinethe company is about to go public, and his health is
sufferingbut theyre not making it an easy
decision. Oh, and owning a record label means
they have to put aside time for musical breaks.
The show revels in soapiness and also in
shock factor. It provokes on both sides of
the cultural aisle, especially when it comes
to incendiary topics like race and sexuality.
Political-correctness watchers have plenty to
get upset aboutthe rst episode featured
an anti-gay slur used triumphantlyand so
do the old-fashioned morality boosters of the
culture wars, who could in turn bristle at the
intimacy of the gay relationship in question.
Thats why Henson was nervous.
I love that he makes everybody else uncomfortable, says Howard of his character. My
agent was like, Terrence, you could be hated
for this stuff.
A New Archie Bunker
but for the most part, few people are
speaking up about being uncomfortable.
On Twitter, talk of being offended by what
happens on the show is muted. Much more
Empire-adjacent outrage has been directed at
the networks quiet reaction to accusations
that Howard has assaulted women in the past,
although that attention doesnt seem to have
affected ratings.
The ability to stay outr rather than offensive
is tied to a hyperawareness of how the edge of
the envelope has moved. Take, for example,

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N I N O M U N O Z F O X

considering that the scene was from a

TV show about a backstabbing, drug-funded,
singing-and-dancing celebrity family, the
plot points for this days shoot on Empire were
pretty straightforward. In an upscale Chicago
sushi joint commandeered a few weeks ago
by the new Fox drama, hard-nosed and furaunting matriarch Cookie, played by Taraji P.
Henson, was merely meddling in her sons love
life. But even though the scene itself was tame,
the actress was nervous.
Cookie scared the hell out of me, Henson
said, recalling her rst impressions of a character who, in balancing murderous and maternal
urges, is a rare example of a female antihero. It
was like, Were going to piss everybody off!
The Presidents going to hate me! The NAACPs
going to be done with me!
But putting on what she calls her big-girl
underwear paid off. And speaking to Time
more recently, Henson made clear that those initial nerves are now gone. These days, she says, if
people want to be offended by Empire, let em.
She has reason for her newly blithe
attitudeand whatever the President or the
NAACP may think, the network has reason to
love her. When Empire debuted in January, the
musical melodrama quickly became a breakout hit. Reviews have been decent, especially
from critics who embrace the shows camp
qualities, with Hensons character often seen as
the highlight. But the real enthusiasm comes
from the fans. Nielsens measurement of Twitter chatter shows that Empires millions of
viewers, including famous admirers like Shonda Rhimes, are highly engaged. Its audience is
relatively young and diverse. And not only was
Empires premiere the most watched of 2015 for
a network drama (tying the premiere of How to
Get Away With Murder for the seasons best ratings among viewers ages 1849), but viewership actually increased in the following weeks.
When you come from poverty, youre so
afraid of going back to being physically hungry,
so youre embarrassed to celebrate, but Im learning how, says Lee Daniels, a co-creator of the
show. Im going to try to nd a party hat.
Empires cast and creators have several Oscar
nominations between them. The show features

WorldMags.net
FACE THE MUSIC
WITH THE
LYON FAMILY

JAMAL

Empires clan of
hitmakers keep the
drama close to home

The gifted and

gay middle child,
hes his dads
disappointment
and his moms
hope

ANDRE
The eldest son,
whos got business
on the brainsmart
but not always
stable

LUCIOUS
Hes a modern
King Lear with limited
time to choose a
successor from
among his
warring sons

HAKEEM

COOKIE
Willing to do
time to protect
her family, shes
erce, and she
wants whats
hers

The youngest
son, he wants to
follow in his fathers
footsteps but may
not have what
it takes

WorldMags.net

The Culture

Television

WorldMags.net

108

Thats a rap Daniels, far left, works with

Henson, right, and Jussie Smollett, who plays

her musically gifted son Jamal

viewers who are interested in minority

perspectives and communities can turn
to cable and web video, increasing pressure on broadcast networks to diversify.
But while LGBT advocates have celebrated Empire, despite its use of the other
F word, the shows racial dynamics have
angered some viewers, who accuse it
of retrograde representation of blacks.
Whats the good of creating a place for
African-American actorsone of Daniels career goalsif youre just going
to ask them to play rappers and gangsters? In the Chicago Sun-Times, Mary
Mitchell wrote that watching Empire
was like watching another reality TV
show depicting black people behaving
shamefully.
Politics of Respectability
lee daniels was prepared for worse.
His lms, from Precious to The Paperboy,
have been magnets for debate, not least
for this reason. He received death threats
after he made the movie Monsters Ball,
in which Halle Berrys character falls for
a racist. Friends pleaded with him not to
cast Samuel L. Jackson as a pedophile in
The Woodsman, on which Daniels worked
as a producer. (Kevin Bacon ended up

WorldMags.net

time February 23March 2, 2015

CHUCK HODES F OX

Lucious estrangement from Jamal, whose

sexuality he sees as a barrier to success.
Their story draws on details of Daniels
life as a gay man, and he wants it to make
viewers think twice about their prejudices and those within the hip-hop community. Howard likens it to an Archie
Bunker scenario: the bigoted character is
the hero, but that serves to hold up a mirror for the audience.
Ilene Chaiken, who created the
groundbreaking lesbian-centric series
The L Word a decade ago, says that when
she saw how straight men responded to a
test screening of Empire, she knew times
had changed. The same kind of demographic representation a few years before
would have rejected that character and
that story entirely, she says, referring to
Jamal. Instead, I saw them embrace it. I
felt in some cases the wince, and then the
real embrace of character and humanity.
The shows relationship with race is
trickier. Empires largely black cast has
been held up as an illustration of this
years overall trend toward diversity on
television. Thats a social good that has recently begun to benet networks bottom
lines, says Herman S. Gray, author of
Watching Race: Television and the Struggle
for Blackness. Networks used to want to
push the fewest audience members away,
which meant that majority populations
and points of view ruled. If you didnt
like it, you were out of luck. These days,

starring.) His own mother asks why he

doesnt make movies like Tyler Perrys, in
which people are at least happy. I want
to celebrate my people, but I also want to
tell the truth, he explains. Good stories
are about complex people and heroes that
are awed.
Talk of the push and pull Daniels
describestruth vs. celebration, the matter of respectability politicshas been
part of minority storytelling for as long
as TV has existed, and it has a long history of raising hackles in a wide range of
communities. The Sopranos and Jersey
Shore were both protested by ItalianAmerican groups, demonstrating that
any show of any quality takes a risk if it
plays with stereotypes.
But in the way Empire does just that,
the show is very much a product of its
time. Thats because, as Gray points out,
Daniels creation isnt alone. In January,
an Associated Press study found that
three of the broadcast networks, including Fox, employ prime-time casts that are
at least as black as the general population.
Thats thanks to Empire and also shows
like Black-ish, the middle-class family
comedy that ABC airs opposite it. And
when television offers a wider range of
stories about people from different backgrounds, the burden of presenting role
models is lightened. Seen that way, the
characters who might seem the most offensive are also signs of progress. (This
doesnt apply just to African-American
stories. My colleague James Poniewozik
has lauded the new sitcom Fresh Off the
Boat for playing with identity politics in
the Asian-American community.)
I dont want to separate them from
the production context, but I also dont
want to separate them from the political
moment, Gray says, the political moment being, Can African Americansor
can the expectations put on AfricanAmerican creatorsever get past the politics of respectability?
Daniels hopes the answer to that question is yes. And if not now, soon: Empire
was picked up for a second season after
only two episodes had aired. You feel
like your truth is not everybody elses
truth, so mainstream America would
never respond, he says. But you cross
your ngers. with reporting by
nolan feeney

THE AMATEUR

WorldMags.net
Kristin van Ogtrop

My Kind of Wearable Tech

I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y L U C I G U T I R R E Z F O R T I M E

Advice for Silicon Valley on creating devices that

are not too embarrassing to put on in public
note to the millions of
you who did not attend this
years Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in
January: you missed out on
learning how to Thync. Lest you think
Im being coy, let me add that I dont know
how to Thync either. And Im not sure I
want to. But more on that in a minute.
Thync is an app-controlled, wearable
device thatlike Google Glass before
itpromises to dramatically and forever
improve life for all of humanity. It also
(naturally) won an award for Best in
Cool Tech at the show. Using tDCS (thats
transcranial direct-current stimulation to
you and me), Thync promises to make you
feel calm without pills or alcohol. Never
mind that Thync is not yet approved by the
FDA, which I hear is sort of a big deal. And
never mind that you might feel less calm
if anyone you know catches you hooked
up to Thyncat least if you have a shred
of self-respect. Because to use the device
you need to attach two electrodes to your
head, and one of them is on your temple.
Therein lies the problem of wearable
tech. With the exception of the Jawbone,
which not only tracks your activity but
also comes in attractive colors and evokes
a Cartier panther bracelet in the way it
wraps elegantly around your wrist, all
these devices have a very high barrier
to entry in the looks department. Call
me crazy, but in my experience, people
generally dont want to look idiotic. If I
ran the FDA (Hello, Congress? This is on
my bucket list, and apparently theres an
opening), I would require that the fashion standards of all wearable tech match
the ingenuity of its functionality. Because
right now, most wearable tech looks like
it was designed by 13-year-old boys who
sprinted straight home from school every
day to watch The Matrix.
When Google Glass went off the
rails (see: early adopters = glassholes),
there was a lot of speculation as to why.
Maybe it was because someone had an
affair with a co-worker or someone spent
time February 23March 2, 2015

too much on skydivers to announce the

launch. But did anyone consider that
Google Glass just looked sort of ... stupid?
I dont care if it can direct me to the nearest Dunkin Donuts or record my dog
chasing his tailIm not going to wear
a pair of glasses that make me look like
Hugo Weavings creepy Agent Smith.
Unless, of course, it will get me that job
running the FDA.
So Thyncwhich, to be clear, I have
yet to approvedenitely needs to watch
and learn and work out the electrode-onforehead piece. Otherwise its a nonstarter
for your average person with the average
fear of public humiliation. And there are
still strides to be made in the everydayusefulness department. Do I need an
electrode thats going to make me calm,
or glasses that will direct me to Dunkin
Donuts? No. But I do need the following:
1. The Watch-Out-Here-Comes-the
Hormonal-Teen!

looks like: An Alexis Bittar bracelet. Light but substantial. Lucite; nearly
indestructible.

use: Reroutes your path away from

possibly insane children who are angry
about something you cant see, feel, understand, detect or predict in any way. Pulses
an all-clear signal when danger has passed.
2. The Soulmate Sensor

looks like: A Lulu Frost earring.

Sparkly and inviting. Says, I am unique
but not crazy/weird.
use: For when you meet someone at
a party or on vacation whom you may
never talk to again because you dont
realize that this person is the friend
youve been waiting for. Links immediately to Facebook; the two of you remain
connected forever.
3. The Humor Injector

This one is my husbands idea. It is

something you use on a wife who is
having a temper tantrum because her
iPhonesupposedly the most userfriendly, intuitive thing ever invented
keeps photos stored even after she thinks
they are deleted, so when she tries to take
a picture, that annoying cannot take
photo thing pops up, which makes her
want to kill someone, even the husband
who is trying to help. I actually dont understand this piece of tech wear since it
was his idea, and thats really all there is
to say on the matter.
4. The Last-Timer

looks like: Stella McCartney sunglasses; dark lenses are a must here, as the
product may induce tears.
use: Anticipatesand records video
ofthe last time your child calls you
Mommy before he makes the depressing leap to Mom. And the last time your
cat jumps up on the bed to cuddle against
your knees before she is too old to make
the leap. You get the picture (and the
glasses will too).
So to Thync and Google and the unbelievably brilliant fashion people theyll
need to make any of the wearables wearable: Im waiting.

WorldMags.net

109

The Culture

WorldMags.net
Pop Chart
E
LOV
IT

S Tom Hanks
reunited with
a volleyball
that looked
just like Cast
Aways Wilson
at a New York
Rangers game.

THE DIGITS

$30,000

Price of a special Valentines Day margarita

from Iron Cactus Mexican Grill in Austin. The
drink includes Patrn Platinum Tequila,
fresh-squeezed lime juiceand a pair of
diamond earrings designed by Zoltan David

QUICK TALK

Christina Aguilera
The 34-year-old singer and recent Grammy
winner is back as a coach on NBCs The Voice,
which returns Feb. 23. nolan feeney
Youre returning to The Voice after two
seasons away. Did you miss spinning
around in the chairs? Yeah, the chairs can

be kind of fun! Too bad it only lasts for the

rst section, the blind auditions. What a
bummer. But truly, the company I come
back to is so fun. I would be crazy bored
behind the scenes if I wasnt coming back
to Blake [Shelton] and Adam [Levine]s
craziness. Your son Max just turned

S Oreowhich

recently unveiled
Red Velvet
cookiesis
reportedly
testing a
smores avor.

S Madonna
premiered her
latest music
video, Living
for Love, on
Snapchat. Shes
the rst major
artist to do so.

S Actress
Kristen Wiig
wore an actual
wig and danced
during Sias
performance of
Chandelier at
the Grammys.

7. How long before he nds an

old Christina Aguilera video on
YouTube and asks, Mom, can we
talk about what happened in 2002?

HORSE PLAY When movie producers needed animals

in the 1950s, they sometimes went to Willis Parkers
ranch for miniature horses like Chauncey, seen
here with 3-year-old Cynthia West in a photo from
a 1952 Life cover shoot. To see the full gallery, visit
time.com/minihorses.

Im alive and
kicking and
happy as hell.
VERBATIM

HARPER LEE, author, via a statement from her

attorney, amid speculation about her willingness
to release Go Set a Watchman, the long-delayed
sequel to her novel To Kill a Mockingbird

Luckily he hasnt discovered that

yet. But its scary whats out there
for him to nd: certain movies,
certain song lyrics that Im even
hearing him come home with.
Like what? It could be anything
as innocent as Beyonc to songs
about baking soda, you know
what I mean? But yeah, Im
prepared to tell him about who
I am as an artist and why hes
able to live the life that he now
lives. Its a lot better than how
I was brought up! Your 2001
version of Lady Marmalade
with Pink, Mya and Lil Kim was a
big moment for women in pop. If
you had to pick artists for a 2015
version, who would they be? Miley

[Cyrus] would be great in that mix,

because shes a great risk taker and
has a lot of fun. Maybe Nicki Minaj.
Its always great to see girls come
together, especially in the face of the
media trying to pit us against each
other. Its never-ending, no matter how
young or old you are.

WorldMags.net

SMORE, AGUILERA, WAYANS, KANGAROO, WIIG: GETTY IMAGES; OREOS: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS; MARGARITA: INTENSIFIRE MEDIA; WONDERWALL FOR THE POOL, 2014: LIKEARCHITECTS, JEN LEWIN,
PHOTO: FERNANDO GUERRAFG + SG; WEST: ED CLARKTHE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES

The Culture

WorldMags.net
LE A
V
IT E

T Damon

Wayans Jr.,
a.k.a. Coach,
will be leaving
Foxs New Girl
(again) after its
fourth season.

DIVE IN Audience participation isnt just encouraged at Jen Lewins The Poolits required. Over 100 LED-lit platforms

change color based on the pressure and speed of visitors physical interactions. The exhibit, seen here at the Centro
Colombo mall in Lisbon (its headed to the Montral en Lumire festival, which runs Feb. 19 to March 1), is surrounded by
wonderWall, a hanging barrier designed by LIKEarchitects that comprises 20,000 strips of black and white fabric.

ROUNDUP

Love at First Swipe

A new dating app called High There! hopes to unite potential mates on the basis of
a shared afnity for all things marijuana, at least in the states where the drug is legal.
But its hardly the rst would-be Tinder successor to forge connections based on
a specic interest. Here, a look at four others:
1

FOR INSTAGRAM
FIENDS
Glimpse (available
for iOS) allows users
to curate grams
that showcase their
best qualities and
then nd someone aesthetically
compatible.

T A woman was
kicked out of
a Wisconsin
McDonalds for
bringing in a
diaper-wearing
kangaroo that
she claimed
was a service
animal.

FOR ELITISTS
The League (still
in beta for iOS and
Android) is an inviteonly matchmaking
service for ambitious
young professionals
looking to become
one half of the Next
Great Power Couple.

FOR TRAVELERS

FOR SALAD
LOVERS

Wingman (launching
soon for iOS and
Android) lets users
send messages
in airports and on
wi--enabled ights
in an effort to
connect with likeminded jet-setters.

T Saturday Night
Live creator
Lorne Michaels
admitted he
passed on
casting Steve
Carell, Stephen
Colbert, Lisa
Kudrow and
others.

SaladMatch, created
by fast-casual chain
Just Salad and
available for iOS,
matches users by
salad preferences
and what time they
typically eat lunch.

TScientists

at New York
University have
determined
that it takes
approximately
2,500 licks to
get to the center
of a Tootsie
Roll Pop.

FOR TIMES COMPLETE

TV, FILM AND MUSIC
COVERAGE, VISIT
time.com/
entertainment

By Daniel DAddario, Eric Dodds, Nolan Feeney, Samantha Grossman and Laura Stampler
WorldMags.net

10 Questions
WorldMags.net
Ai-jen Poos 87-yearold grandmother
and her caregiver
Mrs. Sun helped
inspire the book

Assisting the elderly is a crusade for

Ai-jen Poo, who wants Americans (and
their caregivers) to live with dignity
Youre well known for organizing domestic workers. How did
you come to write The Age of
Dignity, about the elderly?

Seven years ago, workers

started coming to the National
Domestic Workers Alliance
[which she leads] saying theyd
like training in elder care.
Even though they were hired
as housekeepers or nannies,
they were called upon to take
care of the aging relatives of
their employers. It was an indication of this huge need that
American families are experiencing for elder care. We realized there was a tremendous
demographic shift.
Is this really what a 2014 MacArthur genius grant winner
should spend brainpower on?

Whats wrong with looking after

the aged in nursing homes?

There are great nursing

homes. The Green House Project is a different kind of model.
But those are, I think, more
the exception than the rule.
Elder care is also often
done for low wages by new or
undocumented immigrants.

112

Manufacturing in the 20s and

30s was sweatshop work, largely done by new immigrants.
We turned factory work into
good jobs with pathways to
opportunities. That professionalization was the basis
for 20th century prosperity. Thats what the
care workforce needs
to be. These have the
potential to be really
good jobs.
You compare investing
in home-care workers
to investing in railways
or the Internet. But
arent those about
growth, not dying?

For working-age adults

right now, especially
with what they call the
sandwich generation
people who are caring
for children and aging
parentsthis is having an impact on their
productivity. People
are having to leave
the workforce. In fact,
many people are calling it the panini generation, theres so much
squeezing. Thats why we
call caregiving the work that
makes all other work possible.
Its the invisible infrastructure of the economy.
Why did you talk about your
fertility struggle in the book?

Millions of women go
through this, and I feel like
[there are parallels]: too many
of us have been grappling

WorldMags.net

Most caregivers are women.

And their employers are
women. Why do we hear about
women treating their nannies
and cleaning ladies badly?

I think most of us think of

ourselves as employees. And
nobody has ever explained to
us what it means to employ
someone, let alone in our
own household, where
its incredibly intimate
and emotional.
What are the most
common mistakes
people make?

Were asking employers to take the Fair

Care Pledge. Its three
things: to commit to
fair pay, paid time off,
and an explicit agreement around the job
expectations.
Four states have
enacted domesticworker bills.
Whos next?

Right now were

working effectively
in Connecticut and
Illinois. And then for
2016, Colorado, Washington and New Jersey.
How tough was the name
Ai-jen Poo to grow up with?

It was incredibly difcult.

My house was a location of
probably more prank calls
than anybody else in the
neighborhood. It gave me a
tough skin.
belinda luscombe
FOR MORE INTERVIEWS IN THIS SERIES,
GO TO time.com/10questions

time February 23March 2, 2015

P O O : K E V I N M A Z U R G E T T Y I M A G E S; G R A N D M O T H E R : M I C H E L E A S S E L I N

It absolutely is. By the year

2050, 27 million Americans
will need some form of longterm care or assistance, just to
meet their basic daily needs.
If youre very, very wealthy
you can afford long-term-care
insurance. If youre very poor,
youll be eligible for Medicaid.
Theres nothing in between.
So were headed toward, I do
believe, a potential disaster.

Will that change?

with these challenges alone,

in isolation, behind closed
doors for too long.

WorldMags.net

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