Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Guangzhou, China, Aug.

2528, 2014 1963

Novel Design of H-plane Bandpass Waveguide Filters Using

Complementary Split Ring Resonators
S. Stefanovski1 , D. Mirkovi
c1, 2 , M. Potrebi
c1 , and D. To
si
c1
1

School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade

P. O. Box 35-54, Belgrade 11120, Serbia
2
National Severe Storm Laboratory (NOAA), CIMMS, University of Oklahoma
120 David L. Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072, USA

Abstract In this paper, a novel design of bandpass waveguide filters, using complementary
split ring resonators is proposed. Resonators are implemented as inserts in a form of metal plates,
with properly shaped slots, in the transverse planes of the rectangular waveguide. Filter response
has been investigated for various parameters of the resonator and its position. Simple design of
dual-band filter is introduced, using resonators attached to the top and bottom waveguide wall.
Also, second-order dual-band filter is proposed.
1. INTRODUCTION

In communication systems where high-power structures with small losses need to be implemented,
waveguide filters are of particular interest. These filters are usually implemented by inserting
discontinuities of various shapes and positions in the waveguide. These discontinuities operate
as resonators, thus by setting their parameters and positions, central frequency and bandwidth
of the filter can be controlled. For bandpass waveguide filter design, complementary split ring
resonators (CSRR) have wide implementation, either as single-mode or multi-mode. In previous
publications, various design methods for filters with a single frequency band, using CSRRs, are
proposed: implementation in the microstrip technology with defected ground structure as in [1, 2],
using substrate integrated waveguide [3] or using rectangular waveguide [46]. Multi-band filter
design is particularly attractive these days, so this topic calls for closer attention. Therefore, dualmode resonators can be applied by properly combining single-mode resonators and dual-band filters
are developed in this manner. One of the main characteristics of dual-mode resonators used for the
filter design is that the resonators can be independently tuned [7], hence each frequency band can
be independently controlled, as presented in [8].
Herein, we propose novel design of the X-band bandpass waveguide filter using the CSRRs.
Resonators are implemented as inserts in a form of metal plates, having properly shaped slots, in the
transverse planes of the standard WR90 rectangular waveguide, in order to obtain H-plane bandpass
waveguide filters. Solutions presented in this paper assume that the resonators are attached to the
top and bottom waveguide walls. It is noticed that the resonators implemented in such a manner
provide the same resonant frequencies as the ones not attached to the waveguide walls, but they
are more compact in terms of dimensions. Filter response is investigated for various parameters
of the resonators and their positions. For the filter design and analysis, WIPL-D software [9] is
used, as powerful three-dimensional electromagnetic (3D EM) solver capable to perform full-wave
simulations.
Proposed design using CSRRs is recognized as scalable solution, applicable for multi-band waveguide filter design. Relatively simple implementation of dual-band filter is introduced, along with
the model of the second-order dual-band filter.
2. BANDPASS WAVEGUIDE FILTER USING ONE CSRR

Design starts from the model using insert in a form of flat metal plate with a resonator attached
to the top waveguide wall. The three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the filter is depicted in
Fig. 1. The parameters of the CSRR are tuned in order to obtain resonant frequency of 11 GHz.
According to Fig. 1(a), for the resonator with f0 = 11 GHz dimensions of the CSRR are as follows:
d1 = 2.8 mm, d2 = 2.1 mm, c1 = 1.5 mm, c2 = 0.25 mm, p = 0.8 mm.
For the filter design, the standard WR90 rectangular waveguide of width a = 22.86 mm and
height b = 10.16 mm is used. Considered waveguide filters are excited by means of properly modeled
ports with quarter-wave probes. It is assumed that the dominant mode of propagation is the
transverse electric TE10 mode. Discontinuities inside the waveguide are implemented using metal

PIERS Proceedings, Guangzhou, China, August 2528, 2014

1964

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: (a) 3D EM model of the bandpass waveguide filter using one CSRR. (b) WIPL-D model of the
bandpass waveguide filter using one CSRR (symmetry applied).

plates, either as flat or folded, with properly shaped slots. These plates are placed in the transverse
planes of the described rectangular waveguide. The WIPL-D model of the waveguide filter with
one CSRR is shown in Fig. 1(b). The symmetry is used for the filter modeling in WIPL-D software
in order to speed up the full-wave simulations. This property significantly reduces the number of
unknowns and the CPU time needed to perform the simulation [9].
The frequency response is analyzed for various parameters of the resonator. Comparison of frequency responses, when only one dimension of the CSRR varies, while the others remain unchanged,
is shown in Fig. 2. According to the obtained results, it is noticed that the resonator length (e.g.,
parameter d1 in Fig. 1(a)) primarily influences the resonant frequency (f0 ) while the bandwidth
(B3 dB ) is preserved (Fig. 2(a)). On the other hand, variation of resonator width (e.g., parameter
c1 in Fig. 1(a)) introduces the change of both resonant frequency and bandwidth: by decreasing c1 ,
resonant frequency shifts toward higher values, while the bandwidth becomes narrower (Fig. 2(b)).

(a)

(b)

Figure 2: Comparison of filter responses: (a) d1 varies, d2 = 2.1 mm, c1 = 1.5 mm, c2 = 0.25 mm, p = 0.8 mm;
(b) d1 = 2.8 mm, d2 = 2.1 mm, c1 varies, c2 = 0.25 mm, p = 0.8 mm.

Furthermore, the frequency response is analyzed for various positions of the resonator on the
metal plate. If the resonator is moved away from the central position, i.e., it is moved to the left or
right for the same distance, the response changes similarly: the increase of the distance from the
central position results in the narrower bandwidth, while the frequency remains unchanged (Fig. 3).
Finally, the filter response is also investigated when the resonator is attached to the bottom
waveguide wall. The obtained result shows no significant change in terms of the resonant frequency
and bandwidth, as can be seen in Fig. 4 for the considered example with f0 = 11 GHz. To be
more precise, the deviation introduced by the change of position is 0.6% for the resonant frequency
and 3.2% for the bandwidth, compared to the reference values adopted for the model with CSRR
attached to the top wall (f0 = 11.069 GHz, B3 dB = 683 MHz).
It should be emphasized that the proposed design of the inserts in the form of metal plates
with CSRRs attached to the top and bottom waveguide wall, provides the possibility to have the
same resonant frequencies as for the models with CSRRs not attached to the waveguide walls, but

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Guangzhou, China, Aug. 2528, 2014 1965

Figure 3: Comparison of filter responses when the

resonator is moved away from the central position.

Figure 4: Comparison of filter responses when the

resonator is attached to the top and bottom waveguide wall.

with more compact resonators in terms of dimensions. As an example, resonator with f0 = 9 GHz
is considered. In case when the resonator is not attached to the waveguide wall, its dimensions
are as follows (according to the labels in Fig. 1(a)): d1 = 6.0 mm, d2 = 23 mm, c1 = 1.5 mm,
c2 = 0.25 mm, p = 0.8 mm. Therefore, the occupied area can be reduced up to 20% when the
resonator is attached to the waveguide wall. Since the resonators occupy less space on the metal
insert, it turns out that this approach can be applied for the design of multi-band filters without
mutual coupling of the resonators.
3. DUAL-BAND BANDPASS WAVEGUIDE FILTER

As an example of the multi-band filter design using proposed metal inserts, dual-band filter is
developed. Considered filter has two central frequencies, f01 = 9 GHz and f02 = 11 GHz. In order
to obtain two frequency bands, flat metal insert is implemented with two CSRRs, one is attached
to the top waveguide wall (f01 = 9 GHz) and the other one to the bottom wall (f02 = 11 GHz), as
depicted in Fig. 5(a). Dimensions of the resonators, according to Fig. 5(a), are given in Table 1.
The same WR90 standard rectangular waveguide is used, as for the model with one CSRR. WIPL-D
model of the dual-band filter is shown in Fig. 5(b). The filter response is given in Fig. 6.
As can be seen, relatively simple design provides acceptable solution for dual-band bandpass
filter. Since there is no mutual coupling between the resonators on the same plate, each frequency
band can be independently controlled by tuning only the corresponding resonator.

(b)

(a)

Figure 5: (a) 3D EM model of the dual-band bandpass waveguide filter. (b) WIPL-D model of the dual-band
bandpass waveguide filter.
Table 1: Dimensions of the CSRRs used for dual-band filter design.
Dimension
1st resonator (i = 1)
2nd resonator (i = 2)

d1i [mm]
4.25
2.65

d2i [mm]
2.10
2.10

c1i [mm]
1.50
1.50

c2i [mm]
0.25
0.25

pi [mm]
0.80
0.20

PIERS Proceedings, Guangzhou, China, August 2528, 2014

1966

Figure 6: Frequency response of the dual-band bandpass waveguide filter.

4. SECOND-ORDER DUAL-BAND BANDPASS WAVEGUIDE FILTER

Starting from the previously proposed dual-band filter design, second-order bandpass filter is also
developed. In this case, folded metal inserts with CSRRs are used in order to implement inverters
between the resonators as g /4 waveguide sections, for each central frequency (f01 = 9 GHz, f02 =
11 GHz). The 3D EM model of the proposed second-order dual-band filter is depicted in Fig. 7(a).
Dimensions of the resonators are given in Table 1. According to Fig. 7(a), lpl = (g9 g11 )/8 =
1.84 mm, apl = a = 22.86 mm, bpl = b/=5.082 mm. The second-order dual-band filter model made
in software WIPL-D is shown in Fig. 7(b). The obtained filter response is given in Fig. 8.
In order to obtain better matching, i.e., to have lower value for the return loss, proposed model
is slightly modified. To be more precise, the plate connecting parts of the folded metal insert
with resonators is designed to be narrow, as depicted in Fig. 9(a). All dimensions correspond
to those given in Fig. 7(a), except that the width of the plate is set to wpl = 2 mm. WIPL-D
model of the modified filter is shown in Fig. 9(b). The obtained filter response is given in Fig. 10.
According to the filter response, the return loss is slightly improved for the second frequency band
(f02 = 11 GHz), though at the expense of wider bandwidth. However, the required bandwidth can
be obtained by additional modification of the corresponding resonator.

(a)

(b)

Figure 7: (a) 3D EM model of the second-order dual-band bandpass waveguide filter. (b) WIPL-D model
of the second-order dual-band bandpass waveguide filter.

Figure 8: Frequency response of the second-order dual-band bandpass waveguide filter.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Guangzhou, China, Aug. 2528, 2014 1967

(a)

(b)

Figure 9: (a) 3D EM model of the modified second-order dual-band bandpass waveguide filter. (b) WIPL-D
model of the modified second-order dual-band bandpass waveguide filter.

Figure 10: Frequency response of the modified second-order dual-band bandpass waveguide filter.
5. CONCLUSION

Novel design of the H-plane bandpass waveguide filters using CSRRs is proposed. Resonators are
implemented as metal inserts with properly shaped slots in the transverse planes of the standard
rectangular waveguide. The filter response is investigated for various parameters of the resonators
and their positions. The proposed solution with the resonators attached to the waveguide walls
provides the same resonant frequencies as the models with resonators not attached to the waveguide
walls, but the implementation according to the novel design results in more compact solution
(the occupied area on the plate for the resonator can be reduced up to 20%). Also, there is no
mutual coupling between the resonators on the same plate. These are important properties for
the multi-band filter design. As an example, dual-band bandpass filter is proposed, followed by
the second-order dual-band filter. Possible solution for improving the return loss for the secondorder dual-band filter is introduced, by slightly modifying the metal inserts without changing the
resonators dimensions. The most important characteristics of the proposed design are simplicity
and applicability for multi-band filters, allowing for the higher order filters to be easily developed,
as verified in the presented research.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of
the Republic of Serbia under Grant TR32005.
REFERENCES

1. Bonache, J., F. Martin, F. Falcone, J. D. Baena, T. Lopetegi, J. Garcia-Garcia, M. A. G. Laso,

I. Gil, A. Marcotegui, R. Marques, and M. Sorolla, Application of complementary split-ring
resonators to the design of compact narrow band-pass structures in microstrip technology,
Microw. Opt. Techn. Lett., Vol. 46, No. 5, 508512, 2005.
2. Bonache, J., F. Martin, I. Gil, J. Garcia-Garcia, R. Marques, and M. Sorolla, Microstrip
bandpass filters with wide bandwidth and compact dimensions, Microw. Opt. Techn. Lett.,
Vol. 46, No. 5, 343346, 2005.
3. Zhang, X. C., Z. Y. Yu, and J. Xu, Novel band-pass substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)

1968

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.

PIERS Proceedings, Guangzhou, China, August 2528, 2014

filter based on complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs), Progress In Electromagnetics

Research, Vol. 72, 3946, 2007.
Ortiz, N., J. D. Baena, M. Beruete, F. Falcone, M. A. G. Laso, T. Lopetegi, R. Marques,
F. Martin, J. Garcia-Garcia, and M. Sorolla, Complementary split-ring resonator for compact
waveguide filter design, Microw. Opt. Techn. Lett., Vol. 46, No. 1, 8892, 2005.
Bahrami, H. and M. Hakkak, Analysis and design of highly compact bandpass waveguide
filter utilizing complementary split ring resonators (CSRR), Progress In Electromagnetics
Research, Vol. 80, 107122, 2008.
Cvetkovic, and N. Radosavljevic, WIPL-D modeling and
Potrebic, M. M., D. V. Tosic, Z. Z.
results for waveguide filters with printed-circuit inserts, Proceedings of 28th International
Conference on Microelectronics, 309312, Nis, Serbia, May 2012.
Hong, J. S., Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, Wiley, New York, 2011.
Stefanovski, S. L., M. M. Potrebic, and D. V. Tosic, Design and analysis of bandpass waveguide filters using novel complementary split ring resonators, Proceedings of 11th International
Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, 257
260, Nis, Serbia, Oct. 2013.
WIPL-D Pro 11.0, 3D Electromagnetic Solver, WIPLD d.o.o., Belgrade, Serbia, 2013.