oe eerottaic aContents Solar Photovoltaic ("PV") Systems ~ An Overview 3 Sola PY Tochnology + Chystaline Sion and Thin Fm Technologies 4 Effects of Tempera Solar PV Systoms on a Building 22 Installation Angle 23 _Avald Shacing PY Moco 2.7 Cost ofa Sale PY Systm -Appoiating a Solar PV System Contractor + Got an Expinead and Liensed Contactor * Choosing Botwoon Bids + onner Ralevon Matters Solar PV System installation Requirements 1 Elecitel Instat Licenee 412 Elcres| Stery Standards and Requtarnts 4.4 Conservation and Developmant Cantal Requterrets 445 Guideinas on Conservation and Davotoment Cowl 4.6 Stuetira Safety and Lgninng Protection + Ligring Protection 442 Get Connected tothe Power Gi Operations and Maintenance 81 Operations of Sar PY §Appendices APPENDIX A ~ EXAMPLES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEM ON BUILDINGS IN ‘SINGAPORE | |A2_ POM ERN SHIM (TEMPLE OF THAN Ad 319 SOMERSET CENTRAL 38 Ad SENTOSA COVE 28 AS MARINA BARR 0 AG LONZA BIOLOGICS 2 AB TAMPINES GRAR 6 |A9 HDB APARTMENT BLOCKS AT SERANGOON NORTH PRECINCT 6 10 HOB APARTMENT BLOCKS AT WELLING! 50 APPENDIX B B.1 ENGAGING A LICENSED ELECT 2 APPENDIX C [APPENDIX D - INCENTIVES FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEM D2. MARKET DEVELOPMENT FUND Ni} os ff Da. GREEN MARK SCHEME s DA GREEN MARK GROSS FLOOR AREA (GN! GFAl INCENTIVE Sch ° DS $100. MILLION GREEN MARK INCENTH EXISTNG BUILDINGS (GMISEB) 6 ENHANCED $20 MILLION GREEN MARK INCENTIVE SC © %Foreword CCoorzant of the rowing popular af solar photvotii [PY wstslatons amongst osdorti ‘cele os wel 2 bakng developers, and the corresponding demand fr a comprehensive Seto echical end requtery information, the Enargy Market Author [EMA and the Suling Canstnton Author (3CA) got gether earths year to votk on integrating the respective Solr manuals ino an slmrans reference gad for thse wo te keen on mstaling sot PY ytems h Sogepae Stakoholdre such as Phoenix Sola Pte Lis, Grenzone Pte Li, Sa Energy Research nstuto of Singapore (SERIS) end Singapore Poftacinie, this "Herdbook for Star Photoelze (Pv Systems" Trough this irtapatad and fevsed handbook, we hope 10 bo able 10 provide © ‘cornprahensiva guide othe reinvent partes, neusng avnas develope’, engnees, chtects, Lionsed Elcteal Workers end sacricans on the lay ssi, requemerts and procassos peraning tote metalation af oar Psystar awit the previous edtion of heherdbooks this single volume covers and provides information Cnlcensing.merkt ond technical requiements, and bing ned steel eeubs hat orralted tothe implementation af solar PY atoms h building eautenmart. In adtion, provides nw oration onthe action requirements fo salir P systems. operation ad recommended preventive msntarence works afd vious hoantves opromats soar PV ystems in SingeDoe. We have sls olreshe the presentation of the handocok o rake more accesible snd read ‘fend, es wall st incorporate examples of completed solr PV instalationsn Sngapers \We hops you wil id this tobe wet de David Tan Ang Kian Seng nergy Panning and Develoment Deion Cetra of Sutainebie Bulg & Construction Energy Marko utc Bulding anc Sonstrecion AuhorsyAcknowledgements We woud ke the develop 1) Grenzone Pte Ltd 2) Phoenix Solar Pte Ltd 3) Singapore Polytechnic 4) Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS} 5) SP PowerGrid 6) Urban Redevelopment AuthoritySolar Photovoltaic (“PV”) Systems — An OverviewChapter 1 ‘SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ("PV") SYSTEMS ~ AN OVERVIEW 12 Types of Soler PY System here ae two mein ypes ot ol PY systems ete Bulan integra Pr ‘Solar PV modules ata inverter Sm Oy uibstation Meter Cg ~ Supply rom power gid 8Chapter 1 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ("PV") SYSTEMS ~ AN OVERVIEW our depend PY system, such a8 : mnnoresinke 13 Soler PV TechnologyChapter 1 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ("PV") SYSTEMS - AN OVERVIEW rons to dive an electri cura. Tare ae two brad tages of tehnclogy els, nay, crystaline sac re & which account forthe "fami tee" in Fig & gues these tech svalable today“Table 1. Conversion efficiencies of various PV module technologies tecoegiesisinchapter 1 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ("PV") SYSTEMS - AN OVERVI eee ned Hei enlumo ac}ed by tho ‘tor conversion, he AC curent ofthe PY iw CiiarbieoChapter 1 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (“PV”) SYSTEMS - AN OVERVEW Figure 1. yl PY nat cone 8 Figure 12 fora gag showingSolar PV Systems on a Building‘opter 2 LAR PV SYSTEMS ON A BUILDING ect in exchange fr higher pai vi i the PY cl ys posse to improve ne yield by modules on tacks the aun fom east fo west dving ney ge no advange na Suni condtins, such PY modules i that they toe to got dy rom ‘Avoid Sheding PV Modules PV modules shoud be fe rom shade, Shading of any single col of eerste lion mode wil rasta reduc te Oueut of te ene PY mode. “Thin fim PY modules ara mar modules. Tyee saris hesing than crystaline scan PY ty all tress ana neighbouring bugs.Chopter 2 SOLAR PV SYSTEMS ON A BUILDING 24 Aasthetic and Creative Approaches in Mounting PY Modules 25 Solar PV Output Profilechaptor2 SOLAR PV SYSTEMS ON A BUILDING. gh ouput High opr ne Medien coat (pial de) + saa Figure 17. Varying dy power output proto PY nstataon Ite sleted test atein Singapore 6 Soler PV Vita Tho amount of slctiy you ar able to gonerat frm a slr PY system ce rar, 2 pice! TO refton soar PV system in Singapore aud rece stout analy wth amorphous ican thin fim PV modu, 27 Cost of Solar PV Systom inca the roofer mounted an the ooh Tha coat also the sytem abe 0 ‘ating andthe amount of elect produces General solar PV eystems ental high captal casts, With sla some, You sn svn chose of elecrity tom tne gs. But ever vith tesa sevngs til fake a ng PY instainions ate negigible, but the annual maintenance cost beyond the warranty Peviod may arraurt 0 8.5% to % of te ceptal cos ofthe nial fora on an overall toss, solr Perv elect than that rom thepower gi However, ho costo sl brabout 4 a you, anf this conn crush more expensive se vle to AogerdinDAppointing a Solar PV System ContractorChapter 3 APPOINTING A SOLAR PV SYSTEM CONTRACTOR Gotting Started ist of posentel solr PV system convacirs, Next, contact the praducis and serveas thay afr. Tetalloving patars may ‘ve consumers good sence ofthe contactors caps oniercen ng aidcree wo tris all bee ements of ha hstalston process, pariedariyitereannecton wih the gt, ae numer, end price ther products and senvces combative. ¢ iso important to get cntector who‘ an LEW. tho instalation ofa colar PY aystor (is gonealy geod ide) consumars shout ake steps fo ensure that sd fo made on tho sare basis. Compatng ab fra solr PY system ‘poranges feud in wate pak (Wp or lw pecy the system capacity in AC at, oF tapoteatie) geriting, goods and erica tox, waranty. end fture mantener rected aplication, The a. case af delects. The peviod vates fran . ‘cepancing on the manuochaerChapter 3 APPOINTING A SOLAR PV SYSTEM CONTRACTOR + Almited power auput warranty tat offers variny of rmedis in cas8 he PV module's ouput unde STC drops blow ceva ovel Most merc ron at ast 20% ofthe minima aed OU Tor 10 yews, a ED% nd measure folorances, See Figure 13 fr del, ° sw, Rated Power Pax o% nil Warranted Power (INP) = Pa ~ 58 (ypcally) o Warranted Power fr 10 years = WP x 90°F rm Warrant Power for 25 years = WP «80% Figur 18, Understanding o manufacturer’ ited power warranty power waranty, an taciuer slam offer to epece ‘a ther sole ds0r0n they may afer + Repair te detective PV mods + Supely encugh new PY matkles 1 eplce the lost power cutpu in a PY tray For exer, f your 084" PY array any proces Te. TH under STC, fh yer after insaliavon the manclactare may opt 0 supay You wih Te tof PV maduies ta makeup Tor the shal or + Retundyoutertnalost paver our alter deduction according the ruber For example you find that your 208 PY ray only precuces 16. 1k under STC, si yoars after stalin, the manulactter may oft reimburse Your purchaes price minus 28% f yess 45 nal coves, ve manuacturer doesnot cover your costo ismouring, weneportng repairs, changes of smearing by urqualii oersoae! Be: lghning strkes and ove ac f God fciderta breakage orOxtursleant mato Avatar mater taba are fis hat PV meso manufactures constant ungran ter pean and ang ew aes rao oa aSolar PV System Installation Requirementschapter 4 SOLAR PV SYSTEM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 43. Anplostion of Electrical Inetalation Licance tan Becca Inetaletion Licence your LEW wil sub theeenceapslcation EMA on your behalf you steady have an Eletrel Intl Licence sued oy EMA. youneedo! apply fora separate lose forthe salar PV stam win thes a lonce fee payable to EMA i $100 por vos (echaive of grote an 44 Conservation and Development Control Requirements op on at then the ate us Likeviea 9 sor PV sys 45 Guidelines on Conservation and Development Control cervation/Censts20Gudelnes pd pereon 0” Hvaugh + Oued Pets OP is etherChapter 4 ‘SOLAR PV SYSTEM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS, 46 ‘Shoulda formal development plist to URA be equited, must be made vi a OF “Ie deta can bs checked tha hwo wa inks Bone trihwe.bea goxeprogisterhnt phew pob ou safpetiprocessearchPe Structural Safety and Lightning Protection “To entra sly, share are measures and steps tha: nee! oe tka or considered wen reoling soar PV system onto new or an existing bulking, For naw ella ‘developments, the design ofthe sucure must tak ito corsiderstion the loaing of ‘he soar PY syscam instalation, just ke any other ecuipment mourtod eto a bul Foc existing buldings.» professional structural engine maybe required to cattyout an inepectin ofthe rot stuctr,anddo caeuon on the snl oede heat 'S unable to withstond the ondeg ofthe sole PY eytem, svuct'a lars wil aod ‘be submited fo te Bulsng and Canstrucion Authority ('BCA"I fr approval tor a bul pet cen be sued for commencement of naalon varks The appiton ‘quana eavalabe ct he follwing SoM woos rota. gov StuctrlPestiuctua_sen_splicton hl Given ceriin location, solar PV ayes ae exposed tote threat fighning skes 2a lining can cause damage tothe PV meas and iverrs, ex care must b> ‘ater to ensure hat prose lgfting proeconeproves fr tne slr PV system an the entre stuctu. The inertars sheuk bo poterted by aprepritly rad Suge sireeors nthe DC side ts ood practice to so Fel sue arestorsn he AC de Sutures and PV modu ames must be propery sounded Connection tothe Power Grid IF 2 solar PY aystom ie designed to mest only a fcton of the sect fed, the tam nll ned obs intreonnectnd hte power gi to meet the emamder of the ‘oneumor's neds for leery, Fa solr PV system reds tobe ofchconnacte,Intscannstio is key to the safaty of bath consumers ed etc worker and othe patton oF equpmers.Chapter 4 ‘SOLAR PV SYSTEM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS. Get Connected to the Power Gr Ir you nerd eeonnect end operate yout slr PY ester in pall othe power gi your apponted LEW wil have fo conevt SP PowerGrd(°SPRG"| on the corroston ehean end techni requremens ‘Te folowing dosuments set out the detaled consutation process and tecnica requirements + The Tansmisson Cas andthe Meterng Code ae publshed at EMAS website: gpitmanwems povsaimadifiescodes of practicfaecaictyfransmssion. code pt hpsoma.gov-smedathies{codes of practceeectnictyiMetering_ Code a 1+ SPPG's nendbook, How to Appl fr Elctcky Connection, is published at SP Powetssa's website: tntpaownesppowerassets com slPOF nowsoepplypdt Sale of Soar PV Elctilty ‘The excess lett anette from otktconnocted sola PY can be sold usc athe ower gid The stangemants needed to erable ths sale of sit PY aac vay, ‘epending en whether you mes nonesiderti or esdanal wer Ir you ote # nonvestontal user generating electric less than TOMW fom the solr PU eysterane wash tose ene get pa forte lacy you mec o the FONE" ei, ou vl be raqored to epay fora Whclsala (Geneon Lkenoe ond fester with {he Energy Meret Comany ("EMC") to arteipate nthe whoszale cloctty marie, ‘nn i ald he National Etectny Market of Singapore o NEN.Chapter 4 INSTALLING A SOLAR PV SYSTEM “The flowchart in Fie 19 desctbes the ckourstemes under which the Whoessler (Generation Licence i requred + comcmncnan —___ dpi » suvictaneice Cpa ewonne 2p, Srmdio ey, agra NA _— a certs gure 1. Rlowchert or lect licences or non raidentia users “The aplication prosedues fer Maret Partipant egitation, or for generation acy raqitaton sre oat out the Market Adminsvation Makat Mana ~Ragltation 4d ‘utoriton, whan i aval at tha EMC webste Inept emesa comin 86 tnt ‘Asa astotParcipant, you nilined to comply with hs Marko es, which is rable SEM wabate repihwewemesg.conino16,12 him ‘by seling etectiety inthe wholesale electricity merkt you wll be pel the revaling spot elaciety pes forthe elecirety that you eet ta tha power gid. The ares of So locity wares every hans, capencing entre domare-supp¥y sist inthe viholesal alacicy mare, The market wilalo after serene andsystem resources you, ut youilbe subjected to'motet chorges in respect to te stoss goreratonovtou rom yout regstered "eter, forthe proviso of the raretservG0s ane seem resourcesrT Chapter 4 INSTALLING A SOLAR PV SYSTEM ‘The EMC contact Marist Administration Tear Energy Mettet Company 228A Thomzon Road, #11.01 Novora Squte Tower A, S207684 Telephone: 67783000 EmalMPrenistationgemcon.com 1 youre econ vs, you wil have to apply to SP Senviews('SPS"| by follwing ‘he aplication procedra at out in Append. Fesidonta o's PV systems are compenssted by SPS for elccty exprtd to the power gia by way ota ere atone to the househols nth eecscy il [sed ont proving lonetansion lacy tri les the sidcharae “The cre asjustran willefectvlycomponsst the residenslusr forthe armour of egctty exported int tho power grid during tat month “This scheme to cmnpensote resident elciky consumers forthe elctciy they cepa into the power id not applicable to those residontal consume wos ‘Ssctcty cansurton metered under the mastor sua motemigsehere Mastersua metering schemes rear to meeting erengemens where thers is 2 ‘nasteemeter meacutng the overall @ectvaly consumes bythe bulge. both the ‘revi unt and the earn series, eth su>meters messing te usageat the ‘cdo! unit. Such retain schames are typealy wd inpevate condemriuns fant commercial bling. Under a mastersub metesngarangaren. he lecistythatenriduelutetemsts tw expot ini the gid may fact be used up by te commen serwces cx by other indvdul units. s ts not posable to ack he actual fow of he lctcy xorg bythe icv nit, te ered austen: sahere cant be appli to those under ‘he master sub meteteg scheme.Chapter 4 SOLAR PV SYSTEM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1410. Design and installation Checklist "No, Design and instalation Checklist check Box on. . ip tobe connect all oe power a 1) Number of mvertrs meade {cation of ives ccessbe for nspecton and maintenencel 0 Ensure solar access aChopter 4 SOLAR PV SYSTEM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS No. Design and installation Checklist heck Box | 11 Ensue all >V meues connected to he same inverter 0 fae the same director ure PY medias ate mounted at an inline (10 to 1Sdewees for ttemed medi, oral e335 degrees fr untamea ‘modes fr salecceing, 13 Ensure suicint vention space behind the PY aay fr o cooing purposes 14 Ena: o 1 Cabling usd moet sufficient caren caryng eapacty Sn ate sutably ated for usage nthe enurorment i) DC cables se sngle-core and double saat: ana fi) Cate neato on oxtdoor cables mast wthetand Noh temertre snd UV expoaure fora estimates period af mre than 20 oer, Note hat PVC and XLPE estes ae inadequate on th OC side {el must not be exposed othe weather siments, 18 Determine Ligtring rotation Syatam fe nese, D 16 Ensure the PY mode frame ie earned. o 17 Finalise the Inver and AC wing system, 0 18 _Dutnginstaaton oD 1) PV system shoul ba instal by qualifecfexperinoed instal; 1 Sefety nes most 0 oben, 1 Instalor mst wear PPE: and IM Only rope certs safety equipment can be usad 9, seating, stopodser, ee 19 Cables must be propery coanecod, secured, aa rute. o 20 Ensure continuity and insulation ees ara dor. o 21 Completion of testing and system eommisicning a 22 Proper system, documentaonimenual handover ta certs arn Operations and MaintenanceChapter 5 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE 52 Recommended Preventive Maintenance Works Nile the inverters functonly can be remotely veri, only n- inspsc rity ha state of ghtnng surge tostrs, cable connections, tnd cat esters ‘SIN Components/Equipment Description Remedy/Aetion Pi mode Chesktorsustdatrie Wipe tan Do notChapter 5 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE| Z : Appendices rrAppendix A.1 ZERO ENERGY BUILDING @ BCA ACADEMY Bulg name Zora Energy Buling @ BCA Acad Owner Bulding sna Constuction Auto 18 Bulcing pe Academic Inston 1.540T Appendix A.1 ZERO ENERGY BUILDING @ BCA ACADEMYAppendix A.2 POHERN SHIH (TEMPLE OF THANKSGIVING) Buicing come 0 1+ MBE engineers + Quanty suneyer Type of PY inte Type ot PV cel ttneloay PV Vil Wh AW ye Photegrnhe and infra POH EAN SHIA erp of Menkeghing) POH ERN SH ian oad Singapore 117488, TP Cons Squire Mech tw Lid WT Parnership Intemational Limited 47 GGrenaone Pa LitAppendix A2 POH ERN SHIH (TEMPLE OF THANKSGIVING) with standing mauning sructre, PV performance, About 25% of Se sol:Appendix A3 313 SOMERSET CENTRAL Bulding rare 9 SOMERSET CENTRAL ema nd Leese Reta Ives Location 139 Orchard Roa Buiding ne hopping Mal Competion 2000 + Project archi ede Press Grenzone Pe and Mal Menccrstaine,Polyystalin, Meromorph Pv area in 387 Estimated energy Nivea > 97,981 Pet ih PPotogracs and infotion courtesy of Bovis Lend LeaseAppendix A3 313 SOMERSET CENTRAL 2 ed ond. The 3 6, patyenstaline and mieromerph ; ile taAppenaix A.4 SENTOSA COVE 1 Sheet Meta nena!Appendix As SENTOSA COVE Th (cary conventional cyAppendix A.5 MARINA BARRAGE Buling rams Ovner Location Building yee + Pu eanutctue ype of PY cal eehnciogy rage rchitacts Team 3 Pe Lt Koh Brothors Buitra & Cv Enoneering Moncerystaine sii 200 Pua,MARINA BARRAGE resem and ts frst nthe cy. pre to event odin in lowehing cy aeas, and keeps the water level consist ofterng.a vn fr watoroaeed acta nthe hep ofthe iy. But mor then an ersinerina showpiece, the berege exemplifies the nations! water Barapo's soar park ho ‘a currenty im opesion ia Singapore, ts 7OcWp DC gid aca PV aystem i the frst tobe employes on such alge srl acl anditoomae with estetoslyaranged sel "ate arenged nine aay of 16 by tree panes onthe barage 50% of uly grado oecrty ent! room and fies, The talent id tied rolar PY systom oesAppendix A6 LONZA BIOLOGICS Bulling came oon Location AS rgineas Pte Lad Jocobs Engineering Singspore Pr Li Photegraphs aneinformatenAppendix A.6 LONZA BIOLOGICSAppendix A.7_ ZERO ENERGY HOUSE runs Project reoctsAppendix A.7 ZERO ENERGY HOUSE stat ae darmped to the sears ofthe aki one, tho PV moduiasAppendix A8 TAMPINES GRANDE Bulsing rama Tampines Grande Cty Developments Ld cation larpines, Singapore Wierking soups + MBE engineers poere to Lid /BYME Singapore ‘Suntee Wooton ra Schr Solar (2°41 Monaerystaine silicon and amorpha i fi PVAppendix AS ‘TAMPINES GRANDE ‘rcondionlg system powares by sot thermal eDesAppendix A.9 HDB APARTMENT BLOCKS AT SERANGOON NORTH PRECINCT ulcing Nae Completion Type of PY col technology Prine ook power (WE Estimated erory ouput WN Pio th Pv Protograohs ans inromation courtesy of Hoe:Appendix A.9 HDB APARTMENT BLOCKS ‘AT SERANGOON NORTH PRECINCT Te Serangoon Noth Precnt consists ofAppenalx A.10 HDB APARTMENT BLOCKS. AT WELLINGTON CIRCLE PRECINCT uicng Name HO Anartment Beck at Welington Cree Precinct nner ington Cio 8A. 5108.8 & 606 lMSCPI essential 2008 oecing Pe Lid PV manuactre 3561 Energitocrik Gb Type of PV inearation Foot top nec aut hyAppendix A.10 HDB APARTMENT Bi WELLINGTON CiAppenaix B. ENGAGING A LICENSED ELECTRICAL WORKER 1. Engaging Licensed Elects! Worker (LEW) eee Tethrician, aneApps yendix B.A ENGAGING A LICENSED ELECTRICAL WORKER Guide for consumers ~ installation of Solar PV SystemsAppenaix C.1 CONTACT INFORMATION For enquires on the following matters pertaining to Solar PV systems, please contact: Authority (BCA) Urban Redevelopment Authority (UMA) Energy Market Authority (EMA LE Elect 3 4 SPPoworGed Lt (SPC) (2 Connezion tthe power g SP Servis Ltd 8?)Appenaix D.1 SOLAR CAPABILITY SCHEME (SCS)Appendix D.2_ MARKET DEVELOPMENT FUND (MDF)Appendix D.3_ GREEN MARK SCHEMEAppendix D.4 GREEN MARK GROSS FLOOR AREA (GM-GFA) INCENTIVE SCHEMEAppendix D.5 $100 MILLION GREEN MARK INCENTIVE SCHEME FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS (GMIS-EB)Appenaix D.6 ENHANCED $20 MILLION GREEN MARK INCENTIVE SCHEME FOR NEW BUILDINGS (GMIS-NB)