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Math 1180 Assignment 5

This document contains an assignment for an engineering mathematics course. It includes 6 questions on first order differential equations covering separation of variables, the integrating factor method, Bernoulli equations, exact equations, homogeneous equations, and general substitutions. The assignment is due on November 24, 2010 and contains 2 pages and 6 questions.

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Ankit Singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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175 views

Math 1180 Assignment 5

This document contains an assignment for an engineering mathematics course. It includes 6 questions on first order differential equations covering separation of variables, the integrating factor method, Bernoulli equations, exact equations, homogeneous equations, and general substitutions. The assignment is due on November 24, 2010 and contains 2 pages and 6 questions.

Uploaded by

Ankit Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)

Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson


Assignment
#5:
First
Order
Date: November 18, 2010

Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.


DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

MATH 1180: Assignment #5: First Order Differential

Equations
Due on:

*THIS PAPER HAS 2 PAGES AND 6 QUESTIONS.

Tuesday, November 24, 2010.


1. SEPARATION OF VARIABLES:

dy
y 2x 2 y
dx

x
Ans: y Axe
dy y 2 1
2
dx
x 1.
(b) Find the general solution of:

(a) Solve:

Ans:

A x
1 Ax .

{Apply

tan(A+B) formula}
2
2
(c) Solve: 3 x( y 1)dx y ( x 2)dy 0 .

2
3
2
Ans: ( x 2) ( y 1) c

(d) Solve: 2 y cos x dx 3 sin x dy 0 ; given y 2 2 .

3
2
Ans: y sin x 8 .

dy x 2 1

dx
x 1.
(e) Solve:

Ans:

x2
x 2 ln( x 1) c
2
.

{Divide out the

quotient}

dy
y ( y 1) tan x
(f) Solve: dx
.

Ans:

A
A cos x .

{Apply partial

fractions for y-integral}


2. Standard INTEGRATING FACTOR Method: (linear First-Order D.E.s)

A linear First Order differential equation is one in the general form:


dy
Py Q
dx
, where both P and Q are functions of x. Its general solution takes

the form:

I y IQ dx

, where I e

P dx

By keeping, or putting the following differential equations in the standard


linear form, find the general solution (or particular solution, if required) of
each.
dy
tan x y sec x
(a) dx
.
2
dy
x 2y x4 ex
(b) dx
.

Ans: y sin x A cos x .

2
1 x
Ans: y x A 2 e

Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)


Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.
Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson
Assignment
#5:
First
Order
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
Date: November 18, 2010
x
dy

y A sec 2 x 12 tan x 13 cos x


1 2 tan x y sin x
2

(c) dx
.
Ans:

x 1 dy xy 2 xe x

A x e
2

dx
x 1
Ans:
1)e }
x 2 2x A
dy
x2 1
2 xy 2 x 2
y
dx
x2 1
(e)
.
Ans:
dy
y x ; given y 0 4
x
(f) dx
.
Ans: y x 1 5 e
dy
2 xy x 3
2
x2
1
y

A
e
dx
2
(g)
Ans:
{Note:
(d)

{Show that: I = (x

e x dx 12 x 2 e x .2 xdx
2

ue

1
2

du

dy
n
Any differential equation of the form dx
, where P and Q are
functions of x, and n is any real
number
is
called
Bernoullis equation. It is solved
1 n
t y , thereby converting the original nonby making
the
substitution:
dy
1
2
2
x

x
y
y

1following Bernoulli-type equations:


linear
a
linear
one.
Solve
the
dy D.E. into
2
y Ax x 2 x 1
(a) dydx y x y
.
Ans:
x y1 Ae 2cos x
dx sin x y . sin x y 2 Ans:
(b) dy
cos x
3
dx

y
tan
x

y
sec
x
(c) 1 / 2 dy
.
Ans: y 2 1 A e
3/ 2
A 3 2/ 2sin x
y 1
32 x
(d) ydx
Ans:
y

7
e
dx
(e)
; given y(0) = 4. Ans:

Py D.E.)
Qy
3. BERNOULLI EQUATION (non-linear First Order

4. EXACT EQUATIONS:
(a) Show that the following D.E.s are exact when kept, or put in the form

Mdx + Ndy = 0; hence solve.


(i )
(ii)

4 xy 3x dx 2 y 2 x dy 0
2 x 5 y dx 5 x 3 y dy 0
2

2
3
2
Ans: 2 x y x y A
2
3
Ans: x 5 xy y A

dy xy 2 1

dx
1 x 2 y ; given that y = 1 when x = 0. Ans: x 2 y 2 2 x 2 y 2
(iii)
dy x y cos x

2
2
dx
y sin x
(iv)
Ans: x y 2 y sin x A
x
x
x
2
(v) ye sin x dx e 2 y dy 0
Ans: ye y cos x A

(b) The following D.E.s are not exact, show that each can be made exact

with the multiplication of the given D.E. (in Mdx + Ndy = 0, form) by a
Pdx
Q dx
suitable Integrating Factor, I = e
or I = e
;
2

Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)


Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson
Assignment
#5:
First
Order
Date: November 18, 2010

Nx

M
y

f (x)

N
where: P =
given D. E.
2
(i ) ydx x y dy 0

and

dy
x y
(ii) dx

Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.


DIFFERENTIAL

N
x

Q=

My
M

f ( y)

. Hence, solve the

2
Ans: x y Ay

x
Ans: y x 1 Ae
2
(iii) xdx x y 4 y dy 0 ; given y(4) = 0.

EQUATIONS

2
2
(iv) xy dx 2 x 3 y 20dy 0
x
(v) 3 y e dx xdy 0

2
y
Ans: x 4 e 20
2

2 4
6
4
Ans: x y y 10 y A
3
2 x
x
x
Ans: x y x e 2 xe 2e A

5. HOMOGENOUS First-Order D.E.s:


dyy)dx
P ( x+
, y )N(x, y)dy = 0 is homogenous if each of
An equation of the form M(x,

the terms in both M(x, y) and


N(x,
y) have the same [net] degree. If the
equation is put in the form dx Q( x, y ) , then all Pdyand Q terms must have the

f xy
same degree, and the substitution y = vx leaves the R.H.S.
as a function of v
dx
only. The first-order D.E. is also homogenous if
, and we substitute
v= y/x. Solve the following:
2
y/x
2
2
2
(a) x y dx x xy dy 0
Ans: xe A x y

2
2
Ans: x y Ay

dy
y x2 y2
dx
dv sinh

1 v 2

(e)

x 4 y dx 3x 2 y dy 0

(c)

dy
2 xy
2
dx x y 2

(b)

(d)

5
2
Ans: x y A x 2 y

2
2
Ans: y x y A

*NOTE:

v ln v 1 v 2

y 3 dx xy 2 dy 0 ; given y(1) = 0.

dy
y x y

(f) dx x 2 x 3 y

3
3
Ans: y 3 x ln x

3
8
Ans: y Ax x 4 y

6. GENERAL SUBSTITUTION:

Solve the given differential equations using an appropriate substitution.


dy
1

(a) dx x y
dy
x y
(b) dx

Ans: y ln x y 1 A

{ let: v = x + y }

Ans: 2 x y 2 ln x y 1 x A

{ let: v2 = x + y }

dy
2x y 2 7
dx
(c)
}

Ans:

y 2x

3 1 Ae 6 x
1 Ae 6 x

{ let: v = 2x + y
3

Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)


Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.
Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson
Assignment
#5:
First
Order
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
Date: November 18, 2010
dy x 3 y 7

2
2
dx
3x 2 y 1
(d)
Ans: 2 y 2 y 6 xy 14 x x A
{ let: x = X + h, y =

Y+k}

dy
2 x y x y 2
(e) dx{ let: v = x + y } ; given y(0) = 0.
dy 2 x 3 y 4

dx
4x 6 y 1
(f)

{ let: v = 2x + 3y }

Ans:

y x 1

1
1 x

Ans: ln 2 x 3 y 2 2 y x A

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