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Vector, Tensor Operations

This document defines common vector and tensor operations using index notation. It introduces scalars, vectors, and tensors represented by their components in an orthogonal coordinate system. It defines the del operator, gradient, divergence, and curl for differentiating scalars, vectors, and tensors. It also summarizes common multiplication operations between scalars, vectors, and tensors such as dot products, cross products, and dyadic products that result in contracted indices and products of lower tensor rank.

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62 views

Vector, Tensor Operations

This document defines common vector and tensor operations using index notation. It introduces scalars, vectors, and tensors represented by their components in an orthogonal coordinate system. It defines the del operator, gradient, divergence, and curl for differentiating scalars, vectors, and tensors. It also summarizes common multiplication operations between scalars, vectors, and tensors such as dot products, cross products, and dyadic products that result in contracted indices and products of lower tensor rank.

Uploaded by

Aryce_
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Vector /Tensor Operations - Index Notation

Denote:

S = scalar
(sum over repeated indices)
v = vector = e1v1 e 2 v2 e 2 v2 = e i vi
= tensor = e i ij e j , a dyadic product vectors
e i = unit vector, ith coordinate direction

Orthogonal coordinate systems:

e i e j ij =

Cartesian coordinates (constant e i )

del-operator:

0, i j
1, i j

e j / xi 0

e1 ( / x1 ) e 2 ( / x2 ) e 3 ( / x3 ) e ( / x )

Gradient
S e1 (S / x1 ) e 2 (S / x2 ) e 3 (S / x3 ) e (S / x ) vector
v [e1 ( / x1 ) e 2 ( / x2 ) e 3 ( / x3 )] (e1v1 e 2 v2 e 2 v2 )
tensor (2nd rank)
e i ( / xi ) (e j v j ) e i (v j / xi )e j

(e i / xi )(e j k jk e k ) e i e j e k (k jk /xi )

tensor (3rd rank)

Divergence
v [e1 ( / x1 ) e 2 ( / x2 ) e 3 ( / x3 )] (e1v1 e 2 v2 e 2 v2 )
e i ( / xi ) (e j v j )

(e i e j )(v j / xi )
then,
v (vi / xi )

scalar

(v1 / x1 ) (v2 / x2 ) (v3 / x3 )

(e i / xi ) (e j j k e k )
(e i e j )( j k /xi )e k

( j k / x j )e k

VT-1/2

vector

Cross-Product & Curl

i j k

alternating unit tensor:

1 if i j k 123, 231, or 312

0 if any two indices are the same


1 if i j k 132, 213, or 321

i j k i mn j m k n j n k m

note:
cross-product:

v x w e i ( i j k v j w k )

curl:

x v e i ( i j k vk / x j )

Multiplication:
scalar
ST=U,

S v = e i S vi = u ,

S = e i S i j e j =

dyadic product

v w (e i vi )(e j w j ) e i (vi wj )e j

v (e i vi )(e j j k e k ) e i e j e k (vi j k )
(e i i j e j )(e k k e ) e i e j e k e (i j k )

tensor (2nd rank)


tensor (3rd rank)
tensor (4th rank)

dot product

v w (e i vi ) (e j wj ) (e i e j )(vi wj ) ij (vi wj ) vi wi

scalar

v (e i vi ) (e j j k e k ) (e i e j )e k (vi j k ) i j e k (vi j k ) e k (v j j k )
vector

(e i i j e j ) (e k k e ) e i (e j e k )e (i j k )
e i j k e (i j k ) e i e (i k k )

tensor (2nd rank)

inner product
v w vi wi

scalar

: (e i i j e j ) : (e k k e ) e i (e j e k )(i j k )e
(i j k ) i j k (i j k ) i j k i

VT-2/2

scalar

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