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Lecture 3 - Vector Operations PDF

The document discusses vector operations including the scalar product, vector product, and mixed triple product of vectors. It defines each operation, provides properties and examples. The scalar product (dot product) of two vectors results in a scalar and is used to determine the angle between vectors. The vector product (cross product) of two vectors results in a third vector perpendicular to the plane of the first two vectors. It is used to find projections of vectors. The mixed triple product of three vectors results in a scalar equal to the volume of the parallelepiped formed by the vectors.

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AyeeSerrano
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
556 views

Lecture 3 - Vector Operations PDF

The document discusses vector operations including the scalar product, vector product, and mixed triple product of vectors. It defines each operation, provides properties and examples. The scalar product (dot product) of two vectors results in a scalar and is used to determine the angle between vectors. The vector product (cross product) of two vectors results in a third vector perpendicular to the plane of the first two vectors. It is used to find projections of vectors. The mixed triple product of three vectors results in a scalar equal to the volume of the parallelepiped formed by the vectors.

Uploaded by

AyeeSerrano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VECTOR OPERATIONS

ES 11 Statics of Rigid Bodies


Lecture 3

SCALAR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS


(DOT PRODUCT)
The scalar product of two vectors P and Q is defined as the
product of the magnitudes of P and Q and of the cosine of
the angle formed by P and Q.

The result of the above expression is a scalar (scalar


product).

SCALAR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS


(DOT PRODUCT)
PROPERTIES OF THE SCALAR PRODUCT:

APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR PRODUCT


ANGLE FORMED BY 2 GIVEN VECTORS
To obtain an equation for the angle in terms of the
components of the vectors,

APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR PRODUCT


ANGLE FORMED BY 2 GIVEN VECTORS
EXAMPLE:
Given vector A with magnitude of 15 and line of action that
passes through points (2, 3, 5) and (1, 0, -4), and vector B
<-9, 1, 2>. Determine the angle between vectors A and B.

APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR PRODUCT


ANGLE FORMED BY 2 GIVEN VECTORS

APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR PRODUCT


PROJECTION OF A VECTOR ON A GIVEN AXIS
Consider a vector Q directed along OL and of the same
sense as OL. The projection of vector P along axis OL is
given by

APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR PRODUCT


PROJECTION OF A VECTOR ON A GIVEN AXIS
EXAMPLE
P=ij+k
Q = i 2j 3k
R = -2i + sj k
1. What is the value of s if R is perpendicular to P?
2. Find the component of Q parallel to P.

APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR PRODUCT


PROJECTION OF A VECTOR ON A GIVEN AXIS

VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS


(CROSS PRODUCT)
The vector product of two vectors P and Q is defined as the
vector V which satisfies the following conditions:
1. The line of action of V is perpendicular to the plane
containing P and Q.

VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS


(CROSS PRODUCT)
2. The magnitude of V is the product of the magnitude of P
and Q and of the sine of the angle formed by P and Q
(the measure of which will always be 1800 or less).

V = PQ sin

VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS


(CROSS PRODUCT)
3. Direction of V is obtained from the right-hand rule.
Close your right hand and hold it so that your fingers are
curled in the same sense as the rotation through which
brings the vector P in line with the vector Q; your thumb will
then indicate the direction of the vector V.

VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS


(CROSS PRODUCT)
PROPERTIES OF THE VECTOR PRODUCT:

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS
To obtain an equation for the cross product of two vectors
in terms of their components, we must determine the
cross products formed from the unit vectors i, j, and k. For
example:

Where e is a unit vector perpendicular


to i and j. Either e = k or e = -k.
To determine which of the two is
the vector product, use the righthand rule.

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS

These results can be remembered


easily by arranging the unit vectors in a
circle.
Cross product is third vector. + if
same direction of arrows, otherwise -

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS
The cross product of two vectors P and Q expressed in
terms of their component is

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS
The result can be compactly written as the determinant:

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS
A 3x3 determinant can be evaluated by repeating its first
two columns and evaluating the products of the terms
along the six diagonal lines.

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS
EXAMPLE:
Determine the cross product of the vectors U = (-2i + j) and
V = (3i -4k).

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS
EXAMPLE:
Line L passes through
point A and is
perpendicular to the
plane formed by
points A, B, and C.
Find the projection of
force F = 200 N,
which passes through
points D and E, on
line L.

VECTOR PRODUCT IN TERMS OF


COMPONENTS

Mixed Triple Product of 3


Vectors
The mixed triple product of the three vectors P, Q, and
R is given by

In terms of components of the vectors

Mixed Triple Product of 3


Vectors
In determinant form,

Note: Interchanging any two of the vectors in the mixed


triple product changes the sign but not the absolute
value of the result.

Mixed Triple Product of 3


Vectors
The mixed triple product is the volume of the
parallelepiped bounded by the three vectors.

Note:

Mixed Triple Product of 3


Vectors
EXAMPLE:
Knowing that the volume
of the parallelepiped
shown is 21 cubic units,
and that the origin is a
vertex of the solid, find
the value of a.

Mixed Triple Product of 3


Vectors

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