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Eco Final Project

The Human Development Index (HDI) was created by Amartya Sen, Mahbub ul Haq, and Meghnad Desai to assess countries' development by considering factors beyond just economic growth, like education and health. The HDI is a summary measure that uses life expectancy, education, and gross national income per capita to rank countries. It is published annually by the UNDP in the Human Development Report and helps countries evaluate progress over time and determine policy priorities.

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845 views

Eco Final Project

The Human Development Index (HDI) was created by Amartya Sen, Mahbub ul Haq, and Meghnad Desai to assess countries' development by considering factors beyond just economic growth, like education and health. The HDI is a summary measure that uses life expectancy, education, and gross national income per capita to rank countries. It is published annually by the UNDP in the Human Development Report and helps countries evaluate progress over time and determine policy priorities.

Uploaded by

NiravThakkar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION:The founding of Human Development

Index are Amartya Sen , Mahbub ul Haq


and Meghnad Desai. In the human
development index development is
considered as the condition that
enlarges peoples choice to enjoy long ,
healthy and creative life. The
HDI, in contrast to GNI/ GDP , reflects the
average achievements of a country along
the three dimensions of human
development: longevity, educational
attainment and command over resources
needed for a decent life.
The United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) incorporated HDI in its
Human Development Report to GNI for
measuring the relative socio- economic
progress of nations. It enables people and
their governments to evaluate progress
over time and to determine priorities for
policy formulation and implementation. It
also helps to compare the experiences of
different countries.

MEANING:The HDI is a summary measure of human


development. It measures the average
achievements in a country in three basic
dimensions of human development . They
are:
1.
A long and healthy life, as
measured by life expectancy at birth.
2.
Knowledge, as measured
by mean years of schooling and
expected years of schooling.
3.
A decent standard of
living, as measured by GNI per capita in
purchasing power purity in terms of US
dollars (PPP US $).

MEASUREMENT OF HDI:The HDI measured by calculating three


indices with respect to three dimensions of
human development. They are:1. The life expectancy index
2. The education index
3. The GNI index

INDIAS HDI AND ITS


COMPONENTS
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Components
Life expectancy at birth
(years)
Mean years of schooling
(years)
Expected years of schooling
(years)
GNI per capita (PPP US $)
HDI value

Value in
2013
66.4
4.4
11.7
5150
0.586

CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES
BASIS OF HDI: Very High Human
Development Group:Countries with HDI value above 0.8 are
considered to have very high human
development.

High Human Development


Group:Countries with HDI value of 0.7 to 0.8
are considered to have high human
development.

Medium Human Development


Group:Countries in the HDI range of 0.5 to 0.7
are grouped in this category.

Low Human Development


Group:Countries in the HDI range less than 0.5
are grouped in this category.

TRENDS IN INDIAS HUMAN


DEVELOPMENT INDEX:The maximum value of HDI is one, which no
country has succeeded in achieving it. In the
HDI report 2014,
Norway ranks first
with HDI value of 0.944 . According to this
report, India ranks 135 out of 187 countries
in terms of UNDPs Human development
index for 2014. India is classified in the
group of medium human development with
an HDI of 0.586. Indias HDI rank reflects
medium achievement in the level of human
development.
Indias HDI has improved from 0.369 in
1980 to 0.483 in 2000 and further to 0.586
in 2013.
YEAR
1980

HDI
VALUE
0.369

1990
0.431
2000
0.483
2005
0.527
2008
0.554
2010
0.570
2011
0.581
2012
0.583
2013
0.586
Indias overall performance in human
development has a mixed one in the last
decade. India has done better in terms of
per capita income. There was also
substantial improvement in the literacy
rates leading to a decline in the absolute
number of illiterates.

However, improvements in India in health


indicators like life expectancy and infant
mortality rates have been much slower than
expected.

Further there is widespread under nutrition


among women and children.

INDIAS COMPARTIVE POSITION


IN HDI:Indias comparative position in HDI is shown
in Table. India ranks 135th out of 187
countries with HDI value of 0.586 in 2013.
Indias ranking in terms of HDI countries to
be low compared to even some countries in
our region especially China and Sri Lanka.

HDI VALUE AND RANK OF


SELECTED COUNTRIES IN 2013:COUNTRY
Norway
US
Sri Lanka
China
India
Bangladesh
Pakistan

HDI RANK
1
5
73
91
135
142
146

HDI VALUE
0.944
0.914
0.750
0.719
0.586
0.558
0.537

LIMITATIONS OF HDI: Not a comprehensive


measure:-

The HDI is not in any sense a


comprehensive measure of human
development. It does not include
important indicators such as respect for
human rights, democracy and inequality.
But, it provide a broad view of human
development.

Conceal wide disparities:All three dimension measures of human


development are averages. This
conceals wide disparities in the overall
population. Different social groups have
different life expectancies.

HDI captures only a few of


peoples choices:The HDI index captures a few of peoples
choices and leaves out many that people
value highly such as economic, social
and political freedom and protection

against violence, insecurity,


discrimination.

Measures relative human


development:The HDI relative rather than absolute
human development. Thus if all
countries improve their HDI value at the
same rate, the ranking of all the
countries in HDI will not change. Thus
the low human development countries
will not get recognition for their
development.

REFRENCE:-MANAGERIAL
ECONOMICS-II S.Y.B.M.S
SEMESTER-III (MANAN
PRAKASHAN) AND GOOGLE: www. Human development
index.com.

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