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TENSION MEMBER (Compatibility Mode)

1764 + 240 x 420 ) = 406 KN ≥ Pu 1) The document discusses the design of tension members including design strength calculations based on yielding and fracture, effective and net area calculations accounting for bolt holes, and block shear failure considerations. 2) An example connection between a steel channel section and plate is analyzed, determining the maximum load capacity is 785 kN based on net section fracture. 3) A second example details the design of a bolted connection between a steel angle and plate subjected to 320 kN, selecting a 16 mm diameter bolt and double angle section to satisfy strength requirements.

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ArThur Bangun
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77 views

TENSION MEMBER (Compatibility Mode)

1764 + 240 x 420 ) = 406 KN ≥ Pu 1) The document discusses the design of tension members including design strength calculations based on yielding and fracture, effective and net area calculations accounting for bolt holes, and block shear failure considerations. 2) An example connection between a steel channel section and plate is analyzed, determining the maximum load capacity is 785 kN based on net section fracture. 3) A second example details the design of a bolted connection between a steel angle and plate subjected to 320 kN, selecting a 16 mm diameter bolt and double angle section to satisfy strength requirements.

Uploaded by

ArThur Bangun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

CHAPTER 4
TENSION MEMBER

Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Sumatera


Ir. DANIEL RUMBI TERUNA, MT;IP-U HAKI

Table of contents
Typical tension member
Design strength
Effective and Net Area
Staggered bolted connection
Block shear rupture
Slenderness requirements
Examples

TENSION MEMBER

TENSION MEMBER

Gusset plate

TENSION MEMBER

TENSION MEMBER

TENSION MEMBER

TENSION MEMBER

DESIGN STRENGTH

What is the maximum P?

Q R
i

LRFD Equation

DESIGN STRENGTH

We usually determine the strength capacity of any structural element


based on possible of failure
Possible of failure tension member include
Yield of element
Fracture of element
The stress of axially loaded member can be expressed as

P
f =
A
The stress is therefore a function of the cross sectional area thus the
presence of holes will change stress

DESIGN STRENGTH

DESIGN STRENGTH

Stress concenteration
2

P
2

Sec. 1-1

Sec. 2-2

DESIGN STRENGTH
Equations for strength of tension members:
q
For yielding in the gross section:

tPn = tFyAg
q

For fracture in the net section:

tPn = tFuAe
Where:

Pn = Nominal strength
t = Resistance factor (0.9 for yielding and o.75 for fracture)
Fy = yield strength
Fu = tensile strength
Ag = gross area
Ae = effective area

TENSION FAILURE (EXAMPLE)

q fracture in the net section:

Effective and Net Area


If tension load transmitted through some but not all of the
cross-sectional elements:
by fasteners,
Ae = AnU
by welds,

Ae = AgU

where

An =

Net cross-section area (gross-section minus bolt holes)

U=

Reduction coeficient

Design Requirements
Example of tension transmitted by some but not all of crosssection

x
U = 1 0.9
L

Design Requirements

Design Requirements
1

P
L'
L

2
1

x
U = 1 0.9
L
Sec. 1-1

Sec. 2-2

Design Requirements
x2

x1

x2

Treat as a
gross angle
section

x
x1

x = max ( x 1 x, 2 )
Value of x for different shapes

EFFECT STAGGERED BOLT HOLES ON NET AREA

The net area based on Cochrane


t

B
g

we
C
E D
s

s2
An = Ag Dt +
t
4g

Sec. ABE Sec. ABCD

BLOCK SHEAR RUPTURE

Shaded area may


tear out

Pu
Pv

Pt
Pu

BLOCK SHEAR RUPTURE


P

Large tension

Small tension

c
Small shear

(a) tensile fracture


and shear yield

Large shear

(b) shear fracture


and tensile yield

BLOCK SHEAR RUPTURE


AISC-LRFD Equations
q

Shear rupture design strength Vn

Vu = Vn = Tu Anv = (0.6 Fu )Anv


q

Tension rupture design strength Pn

Pu = Pn = Fu Ant

Shear Tension Combination


Shear yielding tension fracture
F u A nt 0 . 6 F u A nv

R bs = (0 . 6 F y A gv + Fu Ant )

Shear fracture tension yielding

Fu A nt < 0 . 6 Fu A nv

R bs = (0 . 6 F u A nv + F y A gt )

Shear Tension Combination


Agv =
Agt =
Anv =
Ant =

=
Fu =
Fy =

gross area subject to shear


gross area subject to tension
net area subject to shear
net area subject to tension
0,75 for fracture limit state
minimum tensile strength
minimum yield stress

SLENDERNESS REQUIREMENT
Although tension element are not likely to buckle, it is
recommended to limit their slenderness ratio to 300
=

Lef
rmin

rmin =

I min
A

The reason for the code limitation is to assure that the


member have enough stiffness to prevent lateral
movement or vibration
This limitation does not apply to tension rod and cables

Example 1
a
30mm

d
f

40mm
40mm
40mm
40mm
30mm

g
60mm

baut = 16 mm

12mm
30mm
80mm

12mm
30mm
40mm

12mm
30mm
40mm
40mm

80mm

40mm

80mm
30mm
Sec.a--b-d-f-g
Sec.a

40mm

40mm

30mm

30mm

Sec.a--b-c-e-f-g
Sec.a

Sec.a--b-c-d-e-f-g
Sec.a

w e = 2 x 30 mm + 4 x 40 mm = 220 mm

A n (a b d f g ) = [w e 3(16 + 1 . 5 )]x12 = 2010 mm 2

60 2
60 2
2
+
=
A n ( a b c e f g ) = w e 4 (16 + 1 .5 ) +
x
12
2340
mm

4 x 40 4 x 40

60 2
2
=
A n ( a b c d e f g ) = w e 5 (16 + 1 . 5 ) + 3 x
x
12
2400
mm

4
x
40

Example 2
L.150x100x10mm
A

10

30
g2 =65
g1 =55

g =55 45

B
C
C
D

g1+g t

65

bolt = 22 mm
q

we = 30 + g2 + g1 + g t + 45 = 240 mm

ABDE

= [ 240 - 2 ( 22 + 2 )] x 10 = 1920 mm2


2

65
65 2
+
] x10=1948 mm2
q ABCDE = [240 3 ( 22 + 2 ) +
4 (100 )
4 ( 65 )

Example 2
t p = 12 mm

baut = 19 mm

12mm
50mm
80mm
50mm

Panjang profil 4000mm


35mm 70mm 70mm 35mm

Dik. Suatu sambungan batang tarik dari profil kanal 180x75x7x10.5 ke pelat
buhul seperti gambar. Bila kekuatan leleh profil Fy = 340Mpa dan kekuatan
tarik Fu = 520Mpa
Diminta : tentukan beban maksimum yang dapat dipikul sambungan
tersebut, bila digunakan baut dengan kekuatan tarik Fub = 900Mpa

Example 2
y
I x = 1380cm4 , I y = 137cm4

10.5mm
180mm

7mm

Ag = 27.2cm2 , rx = 7.13cm
ry = 2..24cm, ey = 2.15

75mm

ey

Kekuatan sambungan ditentukan oleh kekuatan profil dan baut


Menghitung kekuatan profil
Yieding on gross section

Pn = 0.9 Ag Fy Pu Pu 832.3KN
Fracture on net section
calculate the reduction coeficient U

Example 2
x2

x
0 .9
U =1
L
x max {x 1
x2}

x1

75
59.5

10.5
7

75 x10.5(59.5 0.5 x10.5) + 59.5 x 7(0.5 x59.5)


= 45.8mm
y=
75 x10.5 + 59.5 x 7
x1 = y 0.5 x19 = 36.2mm

Example 2
U = 1

x
36.2
= 1
= 0.83
L
210

calculate the effective area

An = Ag ALubang = 2720 2x[(19 + 2) x7] = 2426mm2


Ae = UAn = 2013mm2
calculate Pn

Pn = 0.75Ae Fu Pu Pu 785KN
calculate Rbs

Example 2
Lgt = 80mm

Lnv = Lgv 2.5(19 + 2) = 122.5mm


Lnt = Lgt 1(19 + 2) = 59mm

Lgv = 175mm

Agv = 2 xLgv xt = 2 x175x10.5 = 3675mm2


Agt = Lgt xt = 80x10.5 = 840mm2
Anv = 2 xLnv xt = 2 x122.5x10.5 = 2572.5mm2
Ant = Lnt xt = 59x10,5 = 619.5mm2
F u A nt = 520 x 619 . 5 = 322 . 14 KN
0 . 6 Fu A nv = 0 . 6 x 520 x 2572 . 5 = 802 . 6 KN

Shear fracture
tension yielding

Example 2
R bs = (0 . 6 F u A nv + F y A gt ) Pu
R bs = 0 . 75 ( 0 . 6 x 520 x 2572 . 5 + 340 x 840 ) Pu
R bs = 816 . 1 KN Pu
Jadi, berdasarkan kekuatan propil kanal beban maksimum terfaktor yang
dapat dipikul ditentukan oleh kegagalan fraktur yaitu sebesar 785KN
Periksa persyaratan kelangsingan batang tarik

L
rmin

4000
= 178 < 300 ok
2.24

Example 2
Kekuatan baut terhadap bearing/tumpu
Untuk Le 1.5D dan S 3D , kekuatan baut terhadap tumpu adalah:

Rn = 2.4 Fu dt = 0.75(2.4 )(520)(19 )7 = 124.4 KN


Kekuatan baut terhadap geser

terkecil antara t1 dan t 2

Bila ulir diluar bidang geser, kekuatan baut terhadap geser adalah:

R n = 0 , 75 (0 ,5 F ub )mA b
= 0 . 75 (0 . 5 x 900 )1 x 201 = 95 . 6 KN

Jadi kekuatan baut terhadap geser lebih kecil dari kekuatan terhadap
tumpu. Jadi, kekuatan sambungan dengan 6 baut adalah

Pu = 6 x95.6KN = 573.6KN
Kesimpulan kekuatan sambungan adalah 573.6 KN

Example 3
Dik. Suatu sambungan batang tarik dari profil double sikul ke pelat buhul
memikul gaya tarik terfaktor sebesar 320KN seperti tergambar. Bila
kekuatan leleh profil Fy = 240Mpa dan kekuatan tarik Fu = 360Mpa
Diminta : Rencanakan profil siku dan baut pada sambungan tersebut, bila
digunakan baut dengan kekuatan tarik Fub = 825Mpa

t pl = 10 mm

10mm

Pu = 320KN
Panjang profil 3000mm

Example 3
Pra desain
Yieding on gross section

Pu
= 1482mm2
0.9Fy
2
Untuk 1 profil Ag = 741mm

Pn = 0.9 Ag Fy Pu Ag

Untuk 2 profil

Coba profil siku L 75x75x6mm

(max)

(min)

y0

x0

x0
y0

I x0 = I y 0 = 46.1cm4 , I = 73.2cm4 , I = 19cm4


cy

Ag = 8.727cm2 , rx0 =r y 0 = 2.3cm


r = 2.90cm, r = 1.48cm, cx = c y = 2.06cm

cx

Example 3
Menentukan diameter dan jumlah baut
Diameter baut

Alubang 15%xAg = 130mm2


(d + 2) xt 130
d 19.6mm
Direncanakan diameter baut 16mm

Kekuatan baut terhadap bearing/tumpu


Untuk Le 1.5D dan S 3D , kekuatan baut terhadap tumpu adalah:

Rn = 2.4 Fu dt = 0.75(2.4 )(360 )(16 )10 = 103.6 KN


Kekuatan baut terhadap geser

R n = 0 , 75 (0 . 5 F ub )mA b
= 0 . 75 (0 . 5 x 825 )2 x 200 = 123 . 75 KN

Example 3
Jumlah baut

n=

Pu
320
=
= 3.1 4 baut
Rn 103.6

Pemeriksaan/checking

t pl = 10 mm

10mm

Pu = 320KN

3x60mm = 180mm
30mm

30mm

g = 40mm

Example 3
Yieding on gross section

Pn = 0.9 Ag (2 profil) Fy = 377KN Pu ok


Fracture on net section

An = Ag Alub = 2[872.7 (16 + 2)x6] = 1529mm2


g cy
x
= 0.9
U = 1 = 1
L
240
Ae = UxAn = 1376mm2

Pn = 0.75Ae Fu = 371.5KN Pu ok
Block Shear Rupture

Example 3
Lgt = 35mm

Lnv = Lgv 3.5(16 + 2) = 147mm


Lnt = Lgt 0.5(16 + 2) = 26mm

Lgv = 210mm

Agv = 2 xLgv xt = 2 x210x6 = 2520mm2


Agt = 2 xLgt xt = 2 x35x6 = 420mm2
Anv = 2 xLnv xt = 2 x147x6 = 1764mm2
Ant = 2 xLnt xt = 2 x26x6 = 312mm2
F u A nt = 360 x 312 = 112 . 3 KN
0 . 6 Fu A nv = 0 . 6 x 360 x1764 = 381 KN

Shear fracture
tension yielding

Example 3
R bs = (0 . 6 Fu A nv + F y A gt )
R bs = 0 . 75 ( 0 . 6 x 360 x1764 + 240 x 420 )
R bs = 361 . 3 KN Pu ok
Jadi, kesimpulan profil siku ganda 2xL 75x75x6 cukup kuat memikul
beban terfaktor yang bekerja padanya
Periksa persyaratan kelangsingan batang tarik

10mm

cx = 2.06cm

Atot

206.5
= 3.43cm
2x8.727

rx = rx0 = 2.3cm (rmin )

c y = 2.06cm

y0

Iy

ry =

x = x0

I y = 2 I y 0 + A(c x + 0.5) = 206.5cm4

y0

L
rmin

300
= 130 300 ok
2.3

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