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Ps12 Solutions 1

1. The momentum probability distribution P(p) is even, P(p)=P(-p), since the momentum amplitude Ap is related to the negative momentum amplitude by A-p=A*p. 2. For a particle on a ring, the minimum nonzero momentum state has p1=2πħ/L, giving an energy of E1=2π2ħ2/mL2. The frequency of photon emitted in a transition from the ground to first excited state is f=h/2mL2. 3. For a particle in a box, the uncertainty in position Δx is derived to be L(1/12-1/2π2)1/2

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90 views7 pages

Ps12 Solutions 1

1. The momentum probability distribution P(p) is even, P(p)=P(-p), since the momentum amplitude Ap is related to the negative momentum amplitude by A-p=A*p. 2. For a particle on a ring, the minimum nonzero momentum state has p1=2πħ/L, giving an energy of E1=2π2ħ2/mL2. The frequency of photon emitted in a transition from the ground to first excited state is f=h/2mL2. 3. For a particle in a box, the uncertainty in position Δx is derived to be L(1/12-1/2π2)1/2

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Solutions to PS 12 Physics 201

1.
1 ipx
e h
L
1 ipx
p (x) = e h
L
p (x) =

(1)
(2)

= p (x)

(3)

p (x)(x)dx

(4)

p (x)(x)dx

=
p (x)(x)dx

(5)

Thus, we have, since (x) is real


Ap =
=

= Ap

(6)
(7)

and hence
P (p) = Ap Ap

(8)

= Ap Ap

(9)

= P (p)

(10)

2. For a particle on a ring, we know the lowest energy state is E0 = 0, corresponding to


p = 0. From the condition that the wavefunction (x) be single valued on the ring,
we have that In the first excited state, the particle will have the minimum nonzero
momentum satisfying
ipL
h

=1

(11)

pL
= 2n
h

(12)

(13)
And thus
p1 =

2h
L

(14)

2
giving an energy of
p21
2m
2 2 h
2
=
mL2

(15)

E1 =

(16)

The frequency of the emitted photon is then


E1 E0
h
2 2 h
= 2
4 mL2
h
=
2mL2

(17)

f=

(18)
(19)

= 363.7M Hz

(20)

3. (a) The normalized ground state wavefunction is given by

x
2
(x) =
sin
L
L

(21)

We note that this, and its square, are symmetric about the point x = L/2.

Noticing that the function x L/2 is antisymmetric about this same point, we
have from symmetry
0=
L
2

|(x)| dx =
x =

Next
2
x =
=

=
=
=
=

L
x
2

|(x)|2 dx

x |(x)|2 dx

L
2

x2 |(x)|2 dx

2 L 2 2 x
dx
x sin
L 0
L

2x
1 L 2
dx
x 1 cos
L 0
L

L
2x
1 L3
2

dx
x cos
L 3
L
0

L2
1 L xL
2x
+
sin
dx
3
L 0
L
L2
L2
+ 2
3
2

(22)
(23)
(24)

(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)

3
and thus

x = L

1
1
2
12 2

(31)

(b)

d(x)
p = (x) i
dx
h
dx

dp (x)

=
Ap p (x)Ap i
dx
h
dx

p
p

(32)
(33)

Now, p (x) exp(ipx/h), and thus


i
h

dp (x)
= pp (x)
dx

(34)

Plugging this in, we find


p =
=

(35)

Ap Ap p p (x)p (x)dx

Ap Ap p pp

(36)

p |Ap |2

(37)

Where we used orthonormality to do the integral over x.


4. (a)

2 x2

xe

d x2
dx =
e
dx
d

=
d

=
2

(38)
(39)
(40)

(b)
1=

=A

|(x)|2 dx

mx2
h

(41)
dx

(42)

h
=A
m
m 14
A=

h
2

(43)
(44)

4
(c)
d mx mx
d2 (x)

e 2h
=
A
dx2
dx
h

m m2 2 x2 mx2
=A
+
e 2h
h

h
2

m m2 2 x2
=
+
(x)
h

h
2

(45)
(46)
(47)

Plugging this in to the eigenvalue equation for E, we find


h
2 d2 (x) 1
+ mx2 (x)
E(x) =
2
2m
dx
2

h
1
1
2 2
2 2
=
m x + m x (x)
2
2
2
h

=
(x)
2

(48)
(49)
(50)

and thus
E=

(51)

(d) Using our result from the first part of the problem, we have easily that

2
1

2
x = A m m
2 h
h

=
2m

(52)
(53)

Next, since (x) is even about x = 0 while x is odd, we have by symmetry that
x = 0
Thus

k=
and
k =

2m

(55)

2mE
1
= 7.25 1010
2
m
h

(56)

2m(E V0 )
1
= 5.12 1010
2
m
h

(57)

x =
5. Since E > V0 , we have that

(54)

x2 =

With these values, we find


k k
= 0.172
B=
k + k
2k
= 1.17
C=
k + k

(58)
(59)

5
In the case where V0 = 400eV > E, we still have k given by Eq. (56), however k now
becomes

k =

2m(E V0 )
= i
h
2

(60)

Thus we have for B and C


k i
k + i
2k
C=
k + i

B=

(61)
(62)

Notice that if we let z = k + i, we can express B as


B=
from which it is evident that

z
z

(63)

|z |
|B| =
=1
|z|

(64)

(x) ex

(65)

We know that inside the barrier region,

and thus, the wave function will fall to 1/e its initial value at
x=

1
= 1.38 1011 m

(66)

6. (a) Since there is no potential on the ring, we know that energy eigenstates are superpositions of momentum eigenstates with the same magnitude of the momentum.
Thus, all we can say knowing the energy is that the particle has momentum

p = 2mE

(67)

Since we do not have enough information to determine the relative odds of either
of these values, we cannot compute the probability density.
(b) From the above, the possible values of p are

p = 2mE

8 2 h
2
= 2m
mL2
4h
=
L

(68)
(69)
(70)

6
(c) We cannot list the odds of each, because any wave function of the form
(x) = Ae

4ix
L

+ Be

4ix
L

(71)

Is an energy eigenstate of the given energy


(d) If either of the allowed values is measured, the wave function after the measurement will be of the form
4ix
1
(x) = e L
L
And thus for either value we will have

P (x) = |(x)|2 =

(72)

1
L

(73)

7. The wave functions for the n = 2 and n = 3 states are given by

2x
2 (x) = A sin
L

3x
3 (x) = B sin
L

(74)
(75)
(76)

Any superposition of these with |A|2 = 1/3 and |B|2 = 2/3 will satisfy the constraint
on the odds. Thus, we can choose any of the distinct wavefunctions

2 i
1
3x
2x
(x) = sin
+
e sin
L
3
L
3

(77)

with 0 < 2. Note that every choice of in the interval yields a distinct wave
function. As an example, we may choose

3x
1
2x
2
+ (x) = sin
+
sin
L
3
L
3
and
1
(x) = sin
3

2x
L

2
sin
3

3x
L

(78)

(79)

8. We have for the eigenvalue equation in the box

h
2 d2 (x)
= E(x)
2m dx2

(80)

which is valid for 0 x L. We make the ansatz


E (x) = Aeikx + Beikx

(81)

7
The constraint that (0) = 0 tells us that
0=A+B
and so we have

E (x) = A eikx eikx

(82)

(83)

Next, the constraint (L) = 0 tells us

eikL = eikL
e2ikL = 1
n
k=
L

(84)
(85)
(86)

Plugging this in, we find


nx
d2 E (x)
n2 2 nx
=

A e L e L
2
2
dx
L
n2 2
= 2 E (x)
L

(87)
(88)

and by comparing both sides of the eigenvalue equation we arrive at the result
E=

2
n2 2 h
2mL2

In complete agreement with the result obtained using sin and cos.

(89)

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