The Engineering Societ SAE ForAdvencing Mobily ~=— -AEROSPACE SAE. AiR5320 Land Sea Air and Space, INTERNATIONAL’ |NFORMATION Issued 1989-07 400 Gomronwealh Dive, Warne, PATSOBECEOY BE CT Summary of Icing Simulation Test Facilities INTRODUCTION Icing simulation ground testing plays an important role in the overall safety of civil and military aviation, While improvements are continually being made to icing simulation facilities and test techniques, the overall quality of the data produced in these facilities is still lower than desired. Much of this is due to the overall difficulty in producing a uniform cloud of known water droplet size and liquid water content. This is due in large part to the inherent uncertainty in the instruments available to make cloud measurements, However, by careful calibration and operation of icing simulation facilities, an improvement in data quality and repeatability may be achieved. The quality of the data is determined by comparing ground test data with natural occurrences. Ground icing cloud uniformity along with ground test ice accretions are compared with like natural phenomena in an effort to validate testing results. The AC-9C Icing Subcommittee of the AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee formed an Icing Facility Characterization Panel with the objective “to better understand and to improve the quality of ground ice accretion testing.” The panel assembled a list of the world's icing facilities and contacts at each facility. A special meeting for representatives of the known icing facilities and other interested individuals was held in Montreal on October 15, 1990 before the regular AC-SC meeting. The goal of the meeting was to discuss the state of icing simulation testing and identify how the panel could make a contribution. The over 20 attendees concluded the first step should be to “compile and document detailed information on how icing facilities flow/cloud property measurements are made.” This document attempts to respond to the icing simulation community's desire for a detailed documentation of icing facilities. The time and effort of those facility representatives who completed the lengthy initial and follow-up questionnaires is greatly appreciated. The members of the Icing Facility Characterization Panel hope the report is useful and that itis the first step toward the ultimate goal of improving ground ice aceretion testing. This document is a summary of facilities and operational practices. It is not intended to be a recommendation of any facility nor does it judge the merits of any facility or icing simulation approach. It is intended to supplement the NASA survey, by William Olsen, entitled, “Survey of Aircraft Icing Simulation Test Facilities in North America,” NASA TM 81707, 1981. SSAE Technical Standards Board Rules prove tha: “This report's pubished by SAE to advance the sat of technical and enginaering sciences, The use ofthis reports ently voluniaty and is appicabilly ard sutably fer ary particular uso incuding ay patontinfangemant arising thorettom, isto sole responsiblity of tho user. SAE reviews each tohricl report at east every ve your at which time i may be reamed, revied, oF cancel. GAE invites your writen cemments and suggestions Copyright 1699 Society of Automotive Engingors, Inc. ‘Aigts reserved Printed in USA QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (729) 772.8510 FAX: (726) 776-0249, ‘TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (729) 776.4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790, n S25 te DDRESS: Ip: www sa0.0rgSAE AIR5320 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE... 1.1 Purpose. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents 2.1.1 SAE Publications ..... 2.2 Symbols and Abbreviations .. 3. TERMINOLOGY ... 4. SURVEY 4.1 Survey Forms 5. DESCRIPTION OF SUMMARY TABLES. 5.1. Facility Locations... 5.2 Icing Environmental Simulation Capabilities, 5.3. Facility Instrumentation... 5.4 Cloud Calibration .... 6. SUMMARY.....SAE AIR5320 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains information on most of the major icing simulation ground facilities. An effort was made to obtain data from as many facilities as possible over two year time period. The data in this document represents the state of the facilities in calendar year 1996. Facilities are constantly changing and upgrading and, therefore, some facility specifications may change during the life of this report, Of the 27 facilities described in this report, the primary use is split with approximately half for engine testing and half for wind tunnel testing. The facilities are limited to ground facilities and, therefore, icing tankers have not been included. Purpose: The primary purpose of this document is to document the capabilities of the world's major icing simulation ground facilities. This report should be very useful for an organization interested in selecting a facility for a particular test. The usual information on facility test section size, speed, cloud parameters, etc. are provided for this purpose, along with a contact person at each facility. However, it is the purpose of this report to go beyond the information found in a list of facilities. The operation of an icing facility is more complex than that of a non-icing facility. The instrumentation and methods used to calibrate the spray and tunnel, and that used to monitor test condition, should be very important to the facility user. Droplet size and concentration measurements are very difficult to make and the uncertainty, even in state-of-the-art measurements, is high. Therefore, data were collected and reported on the details of the calibration of the facility spray system. Data are also presented on the facility instrumentation used to monitor and document the tunnel test condition. The purpose of including these kinds of data was to document the importance of proper calibration and careful cloud measurements to the success of a test program. This report should find application for all disciplines which use ground icing simulation facilities. This includes research, development, certification of ice protection systems, sensors, instruments, fundamental testing of aerodynamics, heat transfer, ice shedding, ice properties, and accretion physics, 2. REFERENCES: 2.41 Applicable Documents: 2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. ARD50066 = Aircraft Icing DirectorySAE AIR5320 2.2 Symbols and Abbreviations: 1 A ASME, ASSP cm cross-section area American Society of Mechanical Engineers Axial Scattering Spectrometer Probe! degrees Celsius centimeter diameter degrees Fahrenheit Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe! feet gram(s) grain(s) height kilograms kiloPascal knots length pound liquid water content meters median volumetric diameter miles per hour not available Optical Array Probe! pressure, atmospheric Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer platinum Resistance Bridge pressure, static pounds per inch absolute pressure, total Resistance Temperature Device seconds thermocouple temperature, static temperature, total microsiemen width air mass flow rate Trade name of Particle Measuring Systems, Inc., Boulder, Colorado.3. 4. 44 5. 54 SAE AIR5320 TERMINOLOGY: CONDUCTANCE: A measure of the ability of a material to conduct electrical current; the inverse of electrical resistance. In water treatment application, conductance is a measure of the purity of the water. Reduction of the amount of solids in the water will reduce the conductance. LIQUID WATER CONTENT: The amount of water in liquid form per unit volume of air, usually measured in grams of water per cubic meter of air, g/m*. MEDIAN VOLUMETRIC DIAMETER: The diameter which divides a droplet mass distribution into two equal parts, where one half of the total mass is contained in droplets smaller than this diameter and the other half is contained in droplets larger than this diameter. SURVEY: Survey Forms: The survey forms were developed following the initial Icing Facility Characterization Panel meeting in Montreal on October 15, 1990. The objective adopted in Montreal was to address ground icing test facilities, test methods and procedures, measurements, and standardization issues. The approach used to reach the objective was to collect information by developing and distributing a survey form to panel members and all known icing facility representatives. The final “Icing Facility Characterization Survey” form was made up of the general headings on Facility Identification and Facility Description. Facility Description was broken down into several sections concerning facility size, type, cloud size and characteristics, instrumentation, measurement and calibration methods, and schematics. The survey forms were sent to the facilities in 1991. A total of 16 organizations responded with information covering the following tables under the general topics of Participant, Capabilities, Instrumentation, and Cloud Calibration. Schematics/sketches of each facility described in Tables 1 through 4 are found in Figures 1 through 27. DESCRIPTION OF SUMMARY TABLES: The following subsections describe the facility characterization summary tables. These tables were compiled using responses to an AC-9C survey sent to all known icing facility representatives Information concerning facility location, icing environmental simulation capabilities, measurement instrumentation, and cloud calibration methods is provided. Facility Locations: Table 1 lists the organizations operating icing simulation facilities. Names of facility contacts, their telephone/Fax numbers, and the locations of the facilities are included in the table. The SAE AC-9C_ maintains an “Aircraft Icing Directory,” (ARDS0066) as an alternate means to locate current points of contact for facilities.5.2 6. SAE AIR5320 Icing Environmental Simulation Capabilities: Table 2 provides information on icing tunnel test parameters including test section dimension, air speed ranges, liquid water contents, and available droplet sizes. When two dimensions are given for the dimensions of the uniform icing cloud, these indicate height and width respectively. All other dimensions refer to diameter. Facility Instrumentation: Table 3 describes the measurement instrumentation and techniques of each icing tunnel. ‘Temperature, pressure, velocity, and water spray parameters are among the tunnel variables listed. Cloud Calibration: Table 4 describes the methods used to maintain icing cloud consistency, repeatability, and uniformity. Measurement instrumentation and techniques used to determine liquid water content and droplet sizing are listed SUMMARY: The SAE AC-9C “Aircraft Icing Technology Subcommittee” has compiled a listing of major ground based icing simulation test facilities. Survey forms were sent to all known major icing simulation facilities. The responses are summarized and tabulations of the facility locations, points of contact, icing simulation capabilities, instrumentation, and cloud calitpration techniques are given. The summary is intended to be a factual resource addressing ground icing test facilities. This information report should be used in conjunction with the “Aircraft Icing Directory,” (ARD50066) to obtain more information concerning any facility.2 g 8 6 £ < w < G TABLE 1 - Summary of Icing Simulation Test Facilities Participants Listing2 gs 8 % c < w < G TABLE 1 (Continued) Taine So wanaSAE AIR5320 2 3 2 3 8 s é 3 2 e 3 2 5 3 S = a 2 °° = = = = 5 3 o w 4 2 =S g 8 g < w < a TABLE 2 (Continued) O-s 8 ° g x a 8 5 c Q < o 4 w a < a = a AISTSAE AIR5320 TABLE 3 - Summary of Icing Simulation Test Facilities Facility Instrumentation TH]S g 8 g < w < a TABLE 3 (Continued) 3.SAE AIR5320 TABLE 3 (Continued) eo = ‘ee emma | som scan 4.2 = 8 8 gz < w < G TABLE 4 - Summary of Icing Simulation Test Facilities Cloud Calibration 5.2 g 8 8 © < w < G TABLE 4 (Continued) 6 -SAE AIR5320 TABLE 4 (Continued) 7.SAE AIR5S320 3 5 e z E 3s > 2 3 € 8 2 g = < wi « 5 So iaSAE AIR5320 (041 wpeoudde: 9995, ouoe vonce/u pus wuouneen 2610) 009 soy w 9'0 x (m) so x (4) £0 uoj oes S01). Nv W109 VVVV — uonseful ueBoxIN PInbl7 soquieyd pjoo peyeinsuy ayBweayos jouuNnL Bus] YNZVHAY FIGURE 2 - AERAZUR Tunnel de Givrage 9 -oustiomo> + av Sa Ve es g 8 8 £ < w < G FIGURE 8 - AIT Altitude Test Facility 701 AOGTONNDAI TWeTsnoN ¥ OwaN ALINO9V4 1831 3GNLINW AHLSAE AIR5320 TATEST CELL ELEVATION VIEW ‘T2TEST CELL ELEVATION VIEW ‘LATEST CELL ELEVATION VIEW FIGURE 4 - AEDC Engine Test Facilities TA, T-2, 7-4 -21-SAE AIR5320 oruneas nast ste \ sero cons tnaust ne JL TEST CELL ELEVATION VIEW J2 TEST CELL ELEVATION VIEW FIGURE 5 - AEDC Engine Test Facilities Jt, J-2 22-SAE AIR5320 NOT AVAILABLE FIGURES 6 & 7 - AEDC Engine Test Cell & Icing Tunnel2 g 8 B c < w < G ceuaDI-ad DILYHNING owe NOISNVEXI 19't Not193s 1831 Ty x22 hei NOLL IWMLNO? 1:2 JLANIN y30 14A2 g000¥1 Nya Wwiky “Lona onitiaas HLONI7 ONITLLIS Ory ‘UMOJUOIU JauUNy, PUIAA BUD] YDHpood.AT FIGURE 8 - BFG Icing Tunnel 24.2 g 8 8 £ < w < G ajosuoZ [oxU0,) JoyeIEdQ Sapo 1940 aBueyD ory / Supp sueqkeids sy0Uy1 OSE “8 XS syouyy osz "9 Xb ssuoN22g 189], MonBIaTLYOY UOT, 009 ued dH 00ST souv, Sujuny, ‘TANNA ONIDI/ OINVNAGONAV HOUVASA ONIAOT FIGURE 9 - Boeing Research Aerodynamic Icing Tunnel 25 -SAE AIR5320 WATER SPRAY GRID BELL MOUTE TEST ARTICLE Internal Ciameter : 3.7m Total length : 16 m -Plenum chamber length “Test area length Access doors -Plenum chamber : circular diameter = 2.5 -Test area 3 frontal,length= 4.2 m, delta alpha=i40* Manifolds diameters -Inlet : 1.3m -Exhaust : 22 FIGURE 10 - CEPr Altitude Test Cell S1SAE AIR5320 TESTED MODEL (TIGRE) z q Ww o 5 ia 5 w a 2 E a 22 2 a £ < w < o LNVGAIS AVSNNY Lise FIGURE 12 - CEPr Petit Anneau Givrant 28SAE AIR5320 NOT AVAILABLE FIGURE 13 - Fluidyne Icing Wind Tunnel -29-SAE AIR5320 NOT AVAILABLE FIGURE 14 - General Electric Site 4 30-“BuIpying Lul Jo suoyoes Wods jaNUOS pue ‘doys ‘jeuUN, YasBEseY BuyD] JO MOIA UBIct 2 § 8 8 £ < w < G FIGURE 15 - NASA LeRC Icing Research TunnelSAE AIR5320 LT FIGURE 16 - NRC Gas Turbine Icing Test Facility - Test Cell #4SAE AIR5320 i z 5 “ iS (388 eS G YS s wav voion 20 mss) “OSES at toute 001 neou TOMO GS 3 “ + we iO) CE ousa0 reoM avons 238 oman, ‘once Hund 8 TELL. ‘satan 0 308 FIGURE 17 - NRC Icing Tunnel Facility 33 -SAE AIR5320 FIGURE 18 - NRC Helicopter Icing Facility 34.SAE AIR5320 waisAs uopeunyes 41 pue Joyes9Ua6 pnojo Buys) UOREINES MOL JY B= +eqB Ed 4012 10H. quaweunseay eunjeiedwe | 182M, JeyaworBAy seAjen, senjenonoa|3 ejqeisnipy BlEIMOLy yews: BjeIMO| efiey SOAEA, aiqeisnipy OYE BUN JO NABI je:9U9H seq6=d Aiding sy seq e=d Addng ABqEM POD FIGURE 19 - ONERA S1MA Wind Tunnel -35-e g 8 8 £ < w < G FIGURES 20 & 21 - Rolls-Royce Icing Tunnel2 g 2 8 c < w < G T (wo1.93s 1S 40 431N39 O1).¥ MA dOL jouun, pul Bujo} yunowesoy FIGURE 22 - Rosemount Icing Wind Tunnel -37-SAE AIR5320 Cell 3 West typical engine test envelope som SWALLENSINE | LENS EXTENSION wow | | NET TempenaruRe UMTS soou = Y Ue rose = ‘e000 | ‘a FIGURE 28 - Pyestock Altitude Test Facility -36-LIAANESU) HVT brit o-saun, wouneansto naa anyway svottynbs T¥LULa-1S - worLENOLa tormmisia Sad : sasuosvsiey =A ae ‘Cam VaRT =a ~. anna woe a4 NaIGIIASVAN 0 Ground Test Facilities § 8 c < 2 G owe eavuws 4 wovinnaooy sor - | som AY nb ORIOL HaYTVNODDY aOt = (08H MALLYA 391 FIGURES 24 & 25 - Textron Lycoming Engine Icing - = avy aozsnat wsues a, (eosTTWY xR: sorailo aKSv - san S206 = ULV OBLWANL 12204 ewnziROLe way a SYTZ7ON ONIZIKOLY ULY twas me 706 = wun gages 3 7 suOLvavdaS WIOLIWYA 7 S13 1ML SY SMIONG NNSOBEOL (Sosy as/x01) LAMOMRED 7 ENING TINS. 1 39 -e g 8 B £ < w < G WITIOUINGD TUNIVETINIL | 02 USONVHOXS IVA BSLVAVNOSET [61 UIONVHOXS 1VSH TOOK ToNOaus | BF BAG HOLOW {ZT ______SNWA AWE SSvd Aa | OF USTIOUINOO 3ONO TOUINGO TaNVd NIV ELV [ESONVAOXS LVSA TOOK TORY BNO ST HOSSSAINOO_| ‘SUOISTTIIO BINGOD WOILda8 1831 pouuny pu parosdufoy TANNNL GNIM G3LVYS9Id4ay SO NOILdIHOS3a FIGURES 26 & 27 - UQAC Refrigerated Wind Tunnel PREPARED BY SAE SUBCOMMITTEE AG-9C, AIRCRAFT ICING TECHNOLOGY OF COMMITTEE AC-9, AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS, 40 -