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Lecture Notes For Section 12-6 PDF

The document discusses projectile motion, including: 1) Projectile motion can be analyzed as two independent motions - horizontal motion with constant velocity and vertical motion with constant downward acceleration due to gravity. 2) Kinematic equations are provided for the horizontal and vertical motions, including that the horizontal velocity remains constant while the vertical velocity changes due to gravity. 3) Examples are provided of solving projectile motion problems using the kinematic equations to find values like maximum distance traveled and time in the air.

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148 views

Lecture Notes For Section 12-6 PDF

The document discusses projectile motion, including: 1) Projectile motion can be analyzed as two independent motions - horizontal motion with constant velocity and vertical motion with constant downward acceleration due to gravity. 2) Kinematic equations are provided for the horizontal and vertical motions, including that the horizontal velocity remains constant while the vertical velocity changes due to gravity. 3) Examples are provided of solving projectile motion problems using the kinematic equations to find values like maximum distance traveled and time in the air.

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MOTION OF A PROJECTILE

Todays Objectives:
Students will be able to:

In-Class Activities:

1. Analyze the free-flight

Applications

motion of a projectile.

Kinematic Equations for


Projectile Motion
Group Problem Solving
Attention Quiz

APPLICATIONS

A kicker should know at what angle, , and initial velocity, vo,


he must kick the ball to make a field goal.
For a given kick strength, at what angle should the ball be
kicked to get the maximum distance?

APPLICATIONS
(continued)

A fireman wishes to know the maximum height on the wall he can


project water from the hose. At what angle, , should he hold the
hose?

MOTION OF A PROJECTILE
(Section 12.6)

Projectile motion can be treated as two rectilinear motions, one in


the horizontal direction experiencing zero acceleration and the other
in the vertical direction experiencing constant acceleration (i.e.,
gravity).
For illustration, consider the two balls on the
left. The red ball falls from rest, whereas the
yellow ball is given a horizontal velocity. Each
picture in this sequence is taken after the same
time interval. Notice both balls are subjected to
the same downward acceleration since they
remain at the same elevation at any instant.
Also, note that the horizontal distance between
successive photos of the yellow ball is constant
since the velocity in the horizontal direction is
constant.

KINEMATIC EQUATIONS: HORIZONTAL MOTION

Since ax = 0, the velocity in the horizontal direction remains


constant (vx = vox) and the position in the x direction can be
determined by:
x = xo + (vox)(t)
Why is ax equal to zero (assuming movement through the air)?

KINEMATIC EQUATIONS: VERTICAL MOTION


Since the positive y-axis is directed upward, ay = -g. Application
of the constant acceleration equations yields:

vy = voy g(t)
y = yo + (voy)(t) g(t)2
vy2 = voy2 2g(y yo)
For any given problem, only two of these three
equations can be used. Why?

EXAMPLE
Given: vo and
Find: The equation that defines
y as a function of x.
Plan: Eliminate time from the
kinematic equations.
Solution: Using

vx = vo cos

We can write: x = (vo cos )t

or

and
t =

vy = vo sin
x
vo cos

y = (vo sin )t g(t)2


By substituting for t:
y = (vo sin )

x
vo cos

) ( )(

g
2

x
vo cos

EXAMPLE
(continued)
Simplifying the last equation, we get:

y = (x tan)

g x2
2vo2

(1 + tan2)

The above equation is called the path equation which describes the
path of a particle in projectile motion. The equation shows that the
path is parabolic.

EXAMPLE II
Given: Snowmobile is going 15 m/s at
point A.
Find: The horizontal distance it travels
(R) and the time in the air.

Solution:
First, place the coordinate system at point A. Then write the equation
for horizontal motion.
+ xB = xA + vAxtAB and vAx = 15 cos 40 m/s
Now write a vertical motion equation. Use the distance equation.
+ yB = yA + vAytAB 0.5gctAB2 vAy = 15 sin 40 m/s
Note that xB = R, xA = 0, yB = -(3/4)R, and yA = 0.
Solving the two equations together (two unknowns) yields
R = 19.0 m
tAB = 2.48 s

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING


Given: Skier leaves the ramp at
A = 25o and hits the
slope at B.
Find: The skiers initial speed vA.

Plan: Establish a fixed x,y coordinate system (in the solution here,
the origin of the coordinate system is placed at A). Apply the
kinematic relations in x and y-directions.

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING


(continued)
Solution:
Motion in x-direction:
Using

xB = xA + vox(tAB)

tAB=
Motion in y-direction:
Using

-64 = 0 + vA(sin 45)

(4/5)100
vA (cos 25)

88.27
vA

yB = yA + voy(tAB) g(tAB)2

80
(9.81)
vA (cos 25)

88.27
vA

vA = 19.42 m/s

READING QUIZ
1. The downward acceleration of an object in free-flight motion is
A) zero

B) increasing with time

C) 9.81 m/s2

D) 9.81 ft/s2

2. The horizontal component of velocity remains _________


during a free-flight motion.
A) zero

B) constant

C) at 9.81 m/s2

D) at 32.2 ft/s2

CONCEPT QUIZ
1. In a projectile motion problem, what is the maximum
number of unknowns that can be solved?
A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

2. The time of flight of a projectile, fired over level ground


with initial velocity Vo at angle , is equal to
A) (vo sin )/g

B) (2vo sin )/g

C) (vo cos )/g

D) (2vo cos )/g

ATTENTION QUIZ
1. A projectile is given an initial velocity
vo at an angle above the horizontal.
The velocity of the projectile when it
hits the slope is ____________ the
initial velocity vo.
A) less than
C) greater than

B) equal to
D) None of the above.

2. A particle has an initial velocity vo at angle with respect to the


horizontal. The maximum height it can reach is when
A) = 30

B) = 45

C) = 60

D) = 90

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