Accessory Design Guidelines
Accessory Design Guidelines
Contents
1. Introduction
9
1.1 Purpose of This Specification
9
1.2 Requirements, Recommendations, and Permissions
1.3 Terminology
10
1.3.1 Accessory, Device, and Product
10
2. All Accessories
11
2.1 Attachments
11
2.2 Magnetic Interference
11
2.3 Radio Frequency (RF) Performance
11
2.3.1 Materials and Coatings
11
2.3.2 Antenna Keep-Out
12
2.3.3 Over The Air (OTA)
12
2.3.4 Near Field Communication (NFC)
13
3. Cases
14
3.1 Product Design
14
3.1.1 Device Protection
14
3.1.2 Access to Inputs and Interconnects
14
3.1.3 Dock Compatibility
16
3.2 Acoustics
16
3.2.1 Call Quality
16
3.2.2 Speaker to Microphone Coupling
16
3.2.3 Speaker/Microphone Openings
17
3.3 Ambient Light Sensor and Proximity Sensor Interference
3.4 Taptic Engine
19
3.5 Magnetic Interference
19
3.6 Home Button
20
3.7 Camera
20
3.7.1 Geometry
20
3.7.2 Color
21
3.7.3 Surface Finish
21
3.7.4 Image Degradation Examples
21
3.8 Reliability
22
19
Contents
4. Covers
32
4.1 Magnetic Interference
4.2 Smart Covers
32
32
5. Screen Overlays
33
5.1 Product Design
33
5.2 Edge Swipe Gestures
33
5.3 Edge Press Gestures
33
6. Camera Attachments
6.1 Magnetic Interference
35
35
36
55
Contents
59
Contents
101
102
103
Revision History
107
New Apple Devices
107
Added Chapters
107
Changes
107
Test Procedure Changes
108
3. Cases
14
Figure 3-1
Touchscreen keep-out area 15
Figure 3-2
Microphone/speaker opening recommendations for thin cases 17
Figure 3-3
Thick case acoustic channels 18
Figure 3-4
Thick case microphone and speaker exit separation 18
Figure 3-5
Improper thick case seal 19
Figure 3-6
Sample image degradation by image blocking in ambient condition 21
Figure 3-7
Sample image degradation by color shift through accessory with strong color 21
Figure 3-8
Sample image degradation by flash interference 22
Figure 3-9
Apple device proudness test 28
Figure 3-10 Apple device gap test 28
Figure 3-11 Apple device touchscreen keep-out test 29
Table 3-1
iPhone 7 Plus Case Testing Matrix 23
Table 3-2
iPhone 7 Case Testing Matrix 23
Table 3-3
iPhone 6s Plus/iPhone 6 Plus Case Testing Matrix 23
Table 3-4
iPhone 6s/iPhone 6 Case Testing Matrix 24
Table 3-5
iPhone 5/iPhone 5s/iPhone SE Case Testing Matrix 24
Table 3-6
iPhone 5c Case Testing Matrix 24
Table 3-7
iPad Pro (9.7-inch) Case Testing Matrix 24
Table 3-8
iPad Pro (12.9-inch) Case Testing Matrix 25
Table 3-9
iPad mini 4 Case Testing Matrix 25
Table 3-10
iPad mini/iPad mini 2/iPad mini 3 Case Testing Matrix 25
Table 3-11
iPad Air 2 Case Testing Matrix 25
Table 3-12
iPad Air Case Testing Matrix 26
Table 3-13
iPad (4th generation) Case Testing Matrix 26
Table 3-14
iPod touch (5th generation)/iPod touch (6th generation) Case Testing Matrix 26
36
iPhone 7 Plus Dimensional Drawing 39
iPhone 7 Dimensional Drawing 40
iPhone 6s Plus Dimensional Drawing 41
iPhone 6s Dimensional Drawing 42
iPhone 6 Plus Dimensional Drawing 43
iPhone 6 Dimensional Drawing 44
Figure 7-7
Figure 7-8
Figure 7-9
Figure 7-10
Figure 7-11
Figure 7-12
Figure 7-13
Figure 7-14
Figure 7-15
Figure 7-16
Figure 7-17
Figure 7-18
Figure 7-19
Figure 7-20
Figure 7-21
Figure 7-22
Figure 7-23
Figure 7-24
Figure 7-25
Figure 7-26
Figure 7-27
Figure 7-28
Figure 7-29
Figure 7-30
Figure 7-31
Figure 7-32
Figure 7-33
Figure 7-34
Figure 7-35
Figure 7-36
Figure 7-37
Figure 7-38
Figure 7-39
Figure 7-40
Figure 7-41
Figure 7-42
Figure 7-43
Figure 7-44
Figure 7-45
Figure 7-46
Figure 7-47
Figure 7-48
Figure 7-49
Figure 7-50
Figure 7-51
Figure 7-52
Figure 7-53
Figure 7-54
Figure 7-55
Figure 7-56
Figure 7-57
Figure 7-58
Figure 7-59
Figure 7-60
Figure 7-61
Figure 7-62
Figure 7-63
Figure 7-64
Figure 7-65
Figure 7-66
Figure 7-67
Figure 7-68
84
1. Introduction
Note: These Accessory Design Guidelines for Apple Devices ('Guidelines') are subject to the terms
and conditions set forth on the final page of this document. By downloading, accessing, or otherwise
utilizing these Guidelines, you agree to be bound by, and only utilize the Guidelines in accordance
with, such terms and conditions.
must not , shall not or prohibited means the statement is an absolute prohibition.
should or recommended means the full implications must be understood before choosing a different
course.
should not or not recommended means the full implications must be understood before choosing this
course.
may or optional means the statement is truly optional, and its presence or absence cannot be assumed.
deprecated means the statement is provided for historical purposes only and is equivalent to 'must not'.
1. Introduction
1.3 Terminology
The absence of requirements, recommendations, or permissions for a specific accessory design in this
specification must not be interpreted as implied approval of that design. Developers are strongly encouraged
to ask Apple for feedback on accessory designs that are not explicitly mentioned in this specification.
1.3 Terminology
1.3.1 Accessory, Device, and Product
Throughout this specification:
An Apple iPhone, iPad, or iPod (typically running iOS, Apple's mobile operating system).
The term accessory is used to refer to any product intended to interface with a device via the means
described in this specification.
The term Apple product is used to refer generically to either a Mac (Apple computers that run macOS or
OS X) or to an aforementioned device .
Statements that explicitly mention iOS, watchOS, tvOS, or macOS / OS X apply only to products running those
operating systems.
10
2. All Accessories
The requirements in this section apply to all accessories regardless of their feature sets.
2.1 Attachments
Accessories must remain compliant with the specification when connected to any attachments designed for
that accessory.
Examples of accessory attachments include, but are not limited to:
11
2. All Accessories
2.3 Radio Frequency (RF) Performance
Metals
Such materials absorb radio frequency energy and may impair or degrade the performance of antennas for
cellular communication, GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC.
Examples include (but are not limited to) the following:
Metallic paints
Contain magnets.
Intrude on Apple device antenna keep-out zones (see Antenna Keep-Out (page 12)).
12
2. All Accessories
2.3 Radio Frequency (RF) Performance
iPhone 7 Plus
iPhone 7
iPhone SE
iPhone 6s Plus
iPhone 6s
iPhone 6 Plus
iPhone 6
13
3. Cases
Accessories that substantially enclose Apple devices must comply with the requirements stated in this chapter
unless the accessory supports other features in this specification whose requirements conflict with the
requirements in this chapter.
If the accessory has multiple user-detachable components that substantially enclose the Apple device, the
requirements and/or overrides must be applied to each component separately.
Volume
Ring/Silent controls
Sleep/Wake control
Home button
14
3. Cases
3.1 Product Design
3.1.2.4 Touchscreen
The accessory should not have any edges that can collect water on the touch screen area when the Apple
device is held at a 30 angle relative to the horizon.
Accessories must allow a 120 opening along the edges of the active area of the touchscreen to ensure
compatibility with the Apple device touchscreen features. See Figure 3-1 (page 15) for more information on
the keep-out and Device Dimensional Drawings (page 36) device specific active display areas.
Figure 3-1
15
3. Cases
3.2 Acoustics
iPhone 7 Plus
iPhone 7
iPhone 6s Plus
iPhone 6s
iPhone 6 Plus
iPhone 6
3.2 Acoustics
The accessory must not impair or degrade the acoustic performance of an Apple device.
16
3. Cases
3.2 Acoustics
Be offset at least 2.0 mm from the edge of any Apple device speaker/microphone port.
Maintain a proper seal against the Apple device between speaker/microphone ports.
Figure 3-2
Case
2.25mm
Device
Housing
Port
17
3. Cases
3.2 Acoustics
Figure 3-3
Speaker channel
Case
> 2.25mm
Device
Housing
Mic port
Speaker port
Thick cases should maximize exit separation between speaker and microphone channels.
Figure 3-4
Case
> 2.25mm
Device
Housing
Mic port
Speaker port
Thick case channels may act as a resonant chamber and detune microphone/speaker frequency response. The
resulting frequency response may vary according to channel size/shape.
If a thick case does not maintain a proper seal against the Apple device between microphone/speaker channels,
the case itself may become an acoustic chamber.
18
3. Cases
3.3 Ambient Light Sensor and Proximity Sensor Interference
Figure 3-5
Case
> 2.25mm
Device
Housing
Mic port
Speaker port
iPhone 7 Plus
iPhone 7
iPhone 6s Plus
iPhone 6s
19
3. Cases
3.6 Home Button
3.7 Camera
The field of view (FOV) of the camera and the illumination provided by the flash are designed for each Apple
product camera. It is imperative that manufacturers consult technical specifications released for each product
and do not assume these parameters are shared between products.
Images from the camera may be affected by the geometry, color, and surface finish of the accessory openings
for camera and applicable flash.
3.7.1 Geometry
The camera lens FOV must not be blocked. Making the accessory opening too small around the camera and
flash may block the FOV of the lens and the illumination from the flash. Blocking the FOV may cause vignetting
in the image, where one or more corners of the image reproduced are darker than the center. Blocking marginal
rays just outside the FOV of the lens may also reduce the sharpness and contrast of the image. Blocking the
illumination from the flash may cause haze in the image, which resulting in reduced contrast. See Device
Dimensional Drawings (page 36) for the camera keep-out.
The accessory opening must not be designed in a way that directs stray light into the camera. If the opening
is too narrow or too steep, it may reflect light into the camera, washing out the image or adding an unwanted
color cast. Adding a chamfer to the accessory opening trim may help to direct stray light away from the camera.
Additionally, where the product is equipped with a flash, a narrow or steep opening may reflect light from the
accessory opening back into the camera. This may cause the image to appear washed out or contain unwanted
artifacts. Designers should ensure that the mechanical keep-outs outlined in the device dimensional drawings
(Device Dimensional Drawings (page 36)) are maintained with worst-case X-Y placement tolerances to minimize
the risk of haze.
20
3. Cases
3.7 Camera
3.7.2 Color
Any light reflected from the accessory may pick up the color of the accessory. Black material or black coating
may help avoid color bleeding into the camera from an external light source or the flash. The darker the color,
the less light may be reflected from the source into the camera.
Note: Apple recommends a semi-gloss black material or coating around the camera and flash
opening.
Reference
Figure 3-7
Degraded
Sample image degradation by color shift through accessory with strong color
Reference
Degraded
21
3. Cases
3.8 Reliability
Figure 3-8
Reference
Degraded
3.8 Reliability
Cases for Apple devices must be tested to verify that they will withstand long-term use under typical use
conditions, and that they do not impair or degrade the functionality of the device, damage it or its immediate
surroundings, or adversely affect the user.
3.8.2 Colorfastness
Any dyes, inks, or coatings in or on the case must not bleed color onto either the device or its user, particularly
while the case is in contact with common substances such as water or sunscreen.
3.9 Environmental
Accessories for Apple devices must comply with applicable environmental regulations in the regions in which
such accessories are to be sold, and any applicable substance or material restrictions, including applicable
restrictions on the following substances:
Organic tin compounds, PFOS, PFOA, phthalates, azo dyes, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and PAHs,
per requirements of the EU REACh regulation EC 1907/2006
Nickel leach rate on surfaces in prolonged skin contact, per requirements of the EU REACh regulation EC
1907/2006
Cadmium, lead, hexavalent chromium, and nickel, per requirements of EU Directive 2009/48/EC
22
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
pH and Formaldehyde, per requirements of China GB 18401 for textiles and China GB 20400 for leather
Endangered species of flora and fauna in products or packaging (US Lacey Act)
Test
Using
Notes
iPhone 7 Plus
iPhone 7 Plus
3.10.1.2 iPhone 7
Table 3-2
Test
Using
iPhone 7
iPhone 7
Notes
Test
Using
Notes
23
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
It is not possible for a case to claim compatibility with only the iPhone 6s Plus or only the iPhone 6 Plus.
Test
Using
Notes
It is not possible for a case to claim compatibility with only the iPhone 6s or only the iPhone 6.
Test
Using
iPhone SE
Notes
It is not possible for a case to claim compatibility with only the iPhone 5 or only the iPhone 5s or only the
iPhone SE.
3.10.1.6 iPhone 5c
Table 3-6
Test
Using
iPhone 5c
Notes
Test
Using
Notes
24
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
Test
Using
Notes
Test
Using
iPad mini 4
Notes
Test
Using
iPad mini 3
Notes
It is not possible for a case to claim compatibility with only the iPad mini or only the iPad mini 2 or only the
iPad mini 3.
Test
Using
iPad Air 2
Notes
25
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
Test
Using
iPad Air
Notes
Test
Using
Notes
iPod touch (5th generation)/iPod touch (6th generation) Case Testing Matrix
Test
Using
Notes
It is not possible for a case to claim compatibility with only the iPod touch (5th generation) or only the iPod
touch (6th generation).
Apple device.
Vernier calipers
26
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
3.10.2.2 Procedure
1.
2.
Verify that the Apple device completely fits inside the case. The Apple device must not be loose.
3.
4.
Inspect for button feel. The buttons must not be too hard to press or take a lot of effort to press.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a.
Insert the Apple Lightning Digital AV Adapter into the Lightning receptacle and verify that it fits.
b.
Using vernier calipers, measure the Lightning connector opening on the case. Verify that the opening
is measured to be at least 12.05 mm by 6.30 mm.
Insert the Apple 30-pin to USB Cable into the 30-pin receptacle and verify that it fits.
b.
Using vernier calipers, measure the 30-pin connector opening on the case. Verify that the opening is
measured to be at least 22.1 mm by 2.8 mm.
Insert EarPods with 3.5 mm Headphone Plug into the headset jack of the Apple device and verify it
fits.
b.
Using vernier calipers, measure the headset jack opening on the case. Verify that the opening is
measured to be at least 6 mm in diameter and no more than 14 mm deep.
For Apple devices with Touch ID, use vernier calipers to verify that the case is at least 2 mm away from
the Touch ID sensor.
27
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
9.
Verify that the case is always proud of the feeler gauge when the gauge is placed at each corner of the
Apple device. See Figure 3-9 (page 28).
Figure 3-9
10. Set the Apple device flat on its face (screen facing down).
11. Roll the device towards any side that is not enclosed by the case until the gap between the Apple device's
28
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
13. Place the touchscreen test block onto the touchscreen of the Apple device. Verify the test block is sitting
14. If the case has an overlay, verify that there are no air gaps introduced between it and the touchscreen.
Table
3.10.3.2 Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
Compare the Taptic Engine feedback between Apple device A and Apple device B for each of the following
tasks:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Go to: Settings -> Notifications -> Phone -> Sounds, select Opening (Default).
e.
Go to: Settings -> Notifications -> Messages -> Sounds, select Note (Default).
f.
Trigger a Quick Actions menu by applying pressure to the Settings app. Continue applying pressure.
29
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
5.
g.
Slide your finger across the Quick Actions menu and release when Wi-Fi is selected.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Repeat the above tasks while holding Apple device A in the left hand and Apple device B in the right hand.
3.10.4.1 Equipment
Scissors
3.10.4.2 Procedure
1.
Cut off a square of material from the nitrile glove's wrist portion.
2.
3.
Press the sleep/wake button to place the Apple device into a sleep state (display off ).
4.
Place the square of nitrile glove material over the Apple device's home button with the glove's outer side
facing away from the Apple device.
5.
Apply a small amount of hand sanitizer (approximately dime-sized) to the nitrile over the home button.
6.
7.
a.
b.
c.
Press the sleep/wake button to place the Apple device into a sleep state (display off ).
30
3. Cases
3.10 Test Procedures
b.
c.
Press the sleep/wake button to place the Apple device into a sleep state (display off ).
31
4. Covers
iPad Pro (9.7-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations (page 55)
iPad Pro (12.9-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations (page 59)
32
5. Screen Overlays
The touch interface in an Apple device senses the presence of one or more fingers on its surface. Any material
between the surface and the user's hand, even a very thin sheet of plastic, may affect the performance of the
touch interface.
Be electrically conductive.
Swiping 'back' from apps that use edge swipe gestures such as Messages.
33
5. Screen Overlays
5.3 Edge Press Gestures
An edge press gesture is used to bring up the task switcher in iOS 9.0 and later.
34
6. Camera Attachments
This chapter is applicable to accessories that intentionally alter the images captured by Apple device cameras.
35
iPad Pro (9.7-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations (page 55)
iPad Pro (12.9-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations (page 59)
iPad mini 4 Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations (page 63)
36
iPad mini 2 & iPad mini 3 with Wi-Fi + Cellular (page 67)
37
38
39
7.2 iPhone 7
Figure 7-2
40
41
7.4 iPhone 6s
Figure 7-4
42
43
7.6 iPhone 6
Figure 7-6
44
45
7.8 iPhone 5c
Figure 7-8
46
7.9 iPhone 5
Figure 7-9
47
7.10 iPhone 4s
Figure 7-10
48
49
50
51
7.14 iPhone
Figure 7-14
52
53
(2 PLACES)
3.00 ALS
36.83
ANTENNA
KEEPOUT
35.70
2.45
84.74
11.07
18.86 ALS
61.68
35.43
61.57
35.29
77.91
LIGHTNING
CONNECTOR
KEEPOUT
84.74 4 HB
35.70 5
4 HOME BUTTON
KEEPOUT
AT SURFACE
14.60
4.08
4 HOME BUTTON
10.10
86.80
ANTENNA KEEPOUT
20.34
ANTENNA KEEPOUT
FRONT CAMERA
FRONT CAMERA
13.65
CONNECTOR
KEEPOUT
DETAIL A
SCALE 2:1
100
HOME BUTTON
KEEPOUT CONE
COVERGLASS
2X 1.99
35.29
(-)VOLUME
BUTTON
21.98
(+)VOLUME
BUTTON
6.85
CONNECTOR
KEEPOUT
5 ANTENNA KEEPOUT DO
NOT OBSTRUCT THIS
AREA WITH METAL ON
GLASS SURFACE
8.95
SLEEP/WAKE
BUTTON
3.03
SLEEP/WAKE
BUTTON
1 2X 1.42
84.74
18.86 ALS
2.01 SLEEP/WAKE
BUTTON
5 ANTENNA KEEPOUT
DO NOT OBSTRUCT THIS
AREA WITH METAL
1 2X 3.04
169.47
10.27
153.71 DISPLAY
ACTIVE AREA
1 CHIN SPEAKERS
1MM KEEP OUT ALL AROUND
X 45 OUTWARD ANGLE
5 ANTENNA KEEPOUT
DO NOT OBSTRUCT THIS
GLASS AREA WITH METAL
5 2X 4.08
5 2X 15.11
203.11
ACTIVE
AREA
240.00
3 2X 13.55 ALS
AJ
3.52 AJ
14.00
1 2X 1.42
1 2X 21.81
1 2X 36.88
1 FH SPEAKERS
1MM KEEP OUT ALL AROUND
X 45 OUTWARD ANGLE
2 DO NOT OBSTRUCT IMAGING FEATURES: FRONT CAMERA, REAR CAMERA, REAR FLASH
1 DO NOT OBSTRUCT ACOUSTIC OPENINGS: SIDE MIC, REAR MIC, AUDIO JACK, SPEAKERS
1.60
18.48
11.64
3.70
11.63
8.24
9.71
1.60
1 SPEAKERS
ALS CONE
AT SURFACE
3.00
1.56
FLASH KEEPOUT
MATING CONNECTOR
KEEPOUT AREA FLUSH
TO BODY AND OUTWARD
14.0 MM
1.17
1 SPEAKERS
REAR MIC
KEEPOUT
1.17
2 KEEPOUT AT 1.4MM
ABOVE SURFACE
FLASH
REAR CAMERA
8.45
REAR CAMERA
& MICS
REAR CAMERA
14.60
HOME BUTTON KEEPOUT
AT SURFACE
R 3.42
6.1
8.94
3.06
10.20
SIDE MIC
KEEPOUT
1
REAR MIC
3.93
KEEPOUT AT SURFACE
4.10 FLASH
REAR CAMERA
KEEPOUT AT SURFACE
5.00
Apple Inc.
SCALE
NONE
SHT
OF
REV.
iPad Pro
(9.7 - inch)
WiFi
DRAWING NUMBER
TITLE
71.0
FRONT CAMERA
IMAGE CONE (FOV)
FRONT CAMERA
IMAGE CONE (FOV)
AREA AT SURFACE
3.00
FRONT CAMERA
KEEPOUT ZONE
NX GENERATED
TOLERANCES
SIZE
03/28/16
APPLE,INC.
DATE
DESIGNER
DATE
03/28/16
DRAFTER
APPLE,INC.
METRIC
DETAIL C
SCALE 3:1
86.0
FRONT CAMERA
KEEPOUT ZONE
DETAIL B
SCALE 2:1
150.0
ALS CONE
6.50
1 MATING CONNECTOR
KEEPOUT AREA FLUSH
TO BODY AND OUTWARD
14.0 MM
MIN
150.0
ALS CONE, 125
Figure 7-15
NOTES:
54
7.17 iPad Pro (9.7-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations
Figure 7-17
iPad Pro (9.7-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations 1 of 2 Dimensional Drawing
55
Figure 7-18
iPad Pro (9.7-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations 2 of 2 Dimensional Drawing
56
57
58
7.20 iPad Pro (12.9-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations
Figure 7-21
iPad Pro (12.9-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations 1 of 2 Dimensional Drawing
59
Figure 7-22 iPad Pro (12.9-inch) Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations 2 of 2 Dimensional Drawing
60
61
62
Figure 7-25 iPad mini 4 Magnet and Hall Effect Sensor Locations Dimensional Drawing
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
iPod nano
(3rd Generation)
90
91
92
93
iPod classic
94
95
iPod10-12 30 GB
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
Revision History
This chapter describes changes to the Accessory Design Guidelines for Apple Devices from the previous revision.
This is the initial release of Accessory Design Guidelines for Apple Devices, which replaces Case Design Guidelines
for Apple Devices, Revision R11.
Added Chapters
Changes
107
Revision History
Test Procedure Changes
108