Securitisation of Debts

Introduction
Meaning, Definition
Structured Vs Conventional
Securities
Securitisation Vs Factoring
Modus Operandi
Stages in Securitisation
Types of Securities
Securitisable Assets
Advantages of Securitisation
Why Banks Should Enter in
Securitisation

Conditions for
Successful
Securitisation
Securitisation
Abroad
Securitisation in
India
Causes for
unpopularity in India
Future of
Securitisation in
India

Introduction
The financial system all over the world is in transforming
stage. The capital, money and debt markets are getting
widened and deepened. The development of debt market
increases the efficiency of capital market. The debt or assets
securitisation plays very important role. It is the debt market
which has provided more impetus for capital formation than
equity market in the economically advance countries.
In the coming chapter we are going to learn about yet
another but very new in nature debt instrument, known as
SECURITISATION.

Meaning, Definition
The securitisation of debt or asset refers to the
process of liquidating the long term assets like
loans and receivables of financial institutions by
issuing marketable securities against them.
The definition can be stated as, A carefully
structured process whereby loans and other
receivables are packaged, underwritten and sold in
the form of asset backed securities.

Structured Securities Vs Conventional Securities

Securitisation is basically a structured financial
transaction. It is very much different from conventional
securities like bonds, debentures etc. on following points.
a] Source of repayment
b] Structure
c] Nature

Securitisation Vs Factoring
The Securitisation is also differs from Factoring, on following
points :
Securitisation
Factoring
Associated with Assets.

Associated with Book Debts.

Deals with Loans.

Deals with Bills Receivables.

Nature is Medium or Long.

Nature is short term.

Collection work is done by

originator or agency.

Collection work is done by

factor himself.

Part of credit risk is cab be

absorbed by originator.

Whole credit risk is on the

shoulder of factor.

Modus Operandi
In securitisation following parties are required;
a] The originator
b] A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or trust
c] A merchant or investment banker
d] A credit rating agency
e] A servicing agent-Receiving & Paying agent (RPA)
f] The original borrowers or obligors.
g] The prospective investors i.e. the buyer of securities.

Stages in Securitisation
There are five stages involved in the working of Securitisation
A] Identification stage / process
B] Transfer stage / process
C] Issue stage / process
D] Redemption stage / process
E] Credit Rating stage / process

Types of Securities
As stated earlier, securitisation is liquidating long
term assets in to marketable securities, the assets quality,
amount of amortisation, default experience of original
borrower, financial reputation and soundness etc. is vital.
There are three important types of securities;
a] Pass through and pay through certificates
b] Preferred stock certificates
c] Asset based commercial paper.

Securitisable Assets
After seeing the types of assets, it is good to see that which
type of assets are securities. Because generally securitisation
is not suitable to trade debts & receivables because they are
readily accepted by factor. Following are different assets
which are generally securities.
a] Term loan to financially reputed companies.
b] Receivables from Government Department.
c] Credit card receivables.
d] Hire Purchase loan like vehicle loan.
e] Lease Finance.
f] Mortgage loans.

Advantages of Securitisation
Securitisation provides benefits to all the parties,
such as, the originator, investor and the regulatory authorities.
Some of them are as below;
a] Additional Source of Fund
b] Greater Profitability
c] Enhancement of Capital Adequacy Ratio
d] Spreading of Credit Risk
e] Lower Cost of Funding
f] Provision of Multiple Instrument
g] Higher Rate of Return
h] Prevention of Idle Capital
i] Better than Traditional Instrument

Why Banks Should Enter in Securitisation

After seeing the advantages of Securitisation, it is quite
clear that if this type of venture get rooted in Indian soil it will
definitely boost our economy to great extent.Commercial
banks play vital role in this because of following points.
a] Innovative and Low Cost Source of Fund
b] Better Capital Adequacy Norms
c] Creation of More Credit
d] Increased Profitability
e] Tool for Asset-Liability Management

Conditions for Successful Securitisation

Every business will prosper only when it is done with some
code of conduct or conditions. Securitisation also have no
escape. Below mention conditions are must for achieving
successfulness in securitisation.
a] Ability of original borrower to repay
b] Scientific Credit Rating System
c] The SPV should be separate organisation
d] Instruments arising out of securitisation should be
listed in Stock Exchange
e] Two way quotation systems, as like Mutual Fund
f] Standardised loan documentation system
g] Proper Accounting System
h] Adequate Guidelines should be given by authorities

Securitisation Abroad
The credit of starting securitisation goes to America, where
the first structured asset securitised financing came into being
in 1970. Although firstly it was backed by mortgage loans.
The securities issued by it were called Mortgage pass through
securities. However in 1985 non mortgage collaterals started
getting securitised in U.S.A.
Securitisation is gaining popularity in UK also in recent
years. Like America the concept firstly backed by mortgage.
Securitisation of debt and the consequent debt instruments
are now popular in countries like Italy, Australia, Canada
Japan, France etc.

Securitisation in India
In India the concept of securitisation is still new. In Feb.
1991, the securitisation of ICICIs receivables by Citibank was
the first attempt. A sum of Rs. 15 crores was raised. The Hire
purchase portfolio of TELCO was securitised by Citibank.
Infact the securitisation was pioneered in India by Citibank.
Now HDFC is on the way to securitised its housing loan
portfolio through Citibank. If securitisation has to become
popular in India, the commercial bank should enter in this
field in big way. By doing this, commercial bank can remove
their non performing assets from their balance sheet.

Causes of Unpopularity in India

Till now we seen lots of advantages of securitisation and
benefits, but in India it is not firmly rooted because of ;
a] New Concept
b] Heavy Stamp Duty
c] Cumbersome Transfer Procedure
d] Difficulty in Assignment of Debt
f] Absence of Standardised loan Documentation
g] Inadequate Credit Rating System
h] Absence of Proper Accounting Systems
i] Absence of Guidelines

Future of Securitisation in India

The future of securitisation in India is still very bright due
to following points,
a] Liberalisation of financial markets
b] Growth of capital market & increase in the investors
c] Entry of financial instruments like Mutual Funds
d] Popularity of debt instrument
e] The proposal by Narsimhan Committee.
In India the scope for securitisation is very high in case
of loans like Mortgage, housing loans, other term loans etc.