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Definition of Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics summarize and describe characteristics of a data set through measures such as mean, median, mode, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, variance, skewness and kurtosis. They estimate parameters of the population that the data represents. Inferential statistics make inferences about populations based on analyzing sample data through statistical testing and estimating techniques like z-tests, t-tests, and F-ratios. The key differences are that descriptive statistics describe sample data itself while inferential statistics draw inferences about a larger population based on analyzing sample data.

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16 views

Definition of Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics summarize and describe characteristics of a data set through measures such as mean, median, mode, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, variance, skewness and kurtosis. They estimate parameters of the population that the data represents. Inferential statistics make inferences about populations based on analyzing sample data through statistical testing and estimating techniques like z-tests, t-tests, and F-ratios. The key differences are that descriptive statistics describe sample data itself while inferential statistics draw inferences about a larger population based on analyzing sample data.

Uploaded by

syukzz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Definition of descriptive statistics

Summarize a given data set, which can be either a representation of entire


population or sample of it.

Broken down into measures of central tendency and measures of variability or


spread.

Measures of central tendency include the mean, median , mode.

Measures of variability include the standard deviation or variance, the minimum


and maximum variables

Definition of inferential statistics


Process of deducing properties of an underlying distribution by analysis of data.
The analysis infers properties about a population that includes testing hypothesis
and deriving estimates.
The observed data is assumed to be sampled form a larger population.

Differences between descriptive and inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics

Sample data that are intrinsically interesting


in describing some feature of the data :
-mean
-min
-max
-standard deviation
- median
- skew
-kurtosis
Do estimate population parameters that are
typically of intrinsic interest :
-mean and standard deviation provide
estimates of the equivalent population parameters
- minimum and maximum provide
information about equivalent or similar population
parameters
Descriptive statistics might be biased or less
than ideal estimators
They have some utility in estimating a
population parameters of interest.

Inferential statistics

Functions of the sample data that assist


draw an inference regarding an hypothe
about a population parameters :
- z , t,

, f-ratio

Standard test statistics like t and z , for a


data generating process, where the null
hypothesis is false, the expected value i
strongly influenced by sample size.

Most researchers would not see such st


as estimating a population parameters o
Intrinsic interest.

Glossary
Kurtosis The peakedness of flatness of the graph of a frequency
distribution especially with respect o the concentration of value near
the mean as compared with the normal distribution.
Skewness-Lake of straightness of symmetry: lake of symmetry in a
frequency distribution.
Intrinsically- Basic characteristic of a person or a thing.

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