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Power System Protection - Positive, Negative and Zero Sequence Impedance - A Discussion

This document discusses sequence components for analyzing unbalanced three-phase systems. It explains that unbalanced currents can be broken down into positive, negative, and zero sequence components. The positive sequence components are balanced and in phase, while the negative components are balanced but 180 degrees out of phase. The zero sequence components are in phase. It states that positive and negative sequence currents cannot flow to earth, but zero sequence current can, since it does not sum to zero. The document concludes by defining positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances as the impedances seen by each of the sequence components.

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249 views

Power System Protection - Positive, Negative and Zero Sequence Impedance - A Discussion

This document discusses sequence components for analyzing unbalanced three-phase systems. It explains that unbalanced currents can be broken down into positive, negative, and zero sequence components. The positive sequence components are balanced and in phase, while the negative components are balanced but 180 degrees out of phase. The zero sequence components are in phase. It states that positive and negative sequence currents cannot flow to earth, but zero sequence current can, since it does not sum to zero. The document concludes by defining positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances as the impedances seen by each of the sequence components.

Uploaded by

bhp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Positive,NegativeandZerosequenceimpedanceA

discussion
Thesequencecomponentsareusedtoanalysisa3phaseunbalancedsystembysplittingthe
unbalancecurrent(orVoltage)tosomebalancedcomponents.
SupposetheunabalancedcurrentsareIA,IBandIC
thenIAcanbemadeupof3componenentsiepositive,negativeandzerosequence(sayIA1,IA2,IA0
respectively
similarlyIB(IB1,IB2,IB0)andIC(IC1,IC2,IC0)
Nowthepositivesequencecomponentsineachphasesare(IA1,IB1,IC1)andtheyarebalancedand
havethesamephasesequenceasthatoforiginalunbalancedIA,IB.IC(120degapart)
SimilaryNegativesequencecomponenetsineachphasesare(IA2,IB2,IC2)andtheyarebalanced
andhavetheoppositphasesequenceasthatoftheoriginalunblanedIA,IBandIC(120degapart)
andthezerosequencecomponentsareIA0,IB0,IC0theyareinphase.(zerophasedisplacement)
Nowonemusttrytofindoutthepathatwhichthesequencecomponentsflow.Asthepositive
sequencecomponents(IA1,IB1andIC1)arebalancedmeaningtheyadduptozeroatanyinstant,
theycannotflowintheneutraltoearth!
Similarlynegativesequencecomponents(IA2,IB2,IC2)arebalanced,theyadduptozeroatany
momentandhenceitcannotflowfromneutraltoearth!
Butthezerosequencecomponent(IA0,IB0,IC0)areinphasemeaningtheydonotaddtozeroat
anyinstant,theyaddupattheneutralandcanflowtotheearth!!!
Similaryinadeltawinding,thepositiveandnegativesequencecurrentcannotcirculateastheyaddup
tozerohencetheycomeoutinlinesandthezerosequencecomponenetswillcirculateindeltawinding
asitsmagnitudaresame!!
Theconclusionispositiveandnegetivesequencecurrentcannotflowtoearthbutthezerosequence
can.
Itisveryclearthatthesequencecomponentstakedifferentpathsinthenetworkbecauseofitsnature.
Intransmissionnetworkthepositiveandnegativesequencetakethesamepathwhichdoesnotinclude
theearthwhereasthezerosequencecurrenttakesdifferentpathincludingearth.
Nowtheimpedanceofferedbythenetworkagainstpositivesequencecurrentiscalledpostive
sequenceimpedanceandthattonegativeiscallednegativesequenceimpedanceandtheimpedence
offeredbythenetworktozerosequencecurrentiscalledthezerosequenceimpedance.
Nowtodeterminethepositivesequenceimpedanceoftransmissionline
Applybalanced3phasevoltageto3phasesofthetransmissionlineatoneendkeepingtheotherend

ofthelineshortcircuitedwithoutanyearthattheshortedendandtheratioofphasevoltagetocurrent
givesthepositivesequenceandnegativesequenceimpedance
Zerosequenceimpedance
Rememberthezerosequencecurrentsareinphaseinallphasesandnaturallyapplytheinphase
voltagetothethreephases!!
procedure
Shortallthephasesofthetransmissionlineatoneendapplysinglephasevoltagekeepingtheother
endshortedandearthed!!!measuretheratioofvoltagetocurrentandmultiplyby3willgivethezero
sequenceimpedance
Remember.Thesequencecomponentcannotexistsinonephaseonly.ifitexistsitexistsinallthe
phases!evenincaseofasinglephasetoearthfa

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