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History Class 23 - Module 2-12-02-2015 Neo-Assyrian Empire, Babylon

This document provides an overview of architecture during the Iron Age period from 1300 BC to 0 AD across various regions including Asia, Europe, America, Africa. It specifically examines the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 911 BC to 609 BC and their military dominance and fortified cities including Ashur and Dur-Sharrukin. It also describes the influential cities of Babylon and the layout of its summer palace, noting features like courtyards, throne rooms, and gardens.

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Nipun George
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38 views16 pages

History Class 23 - Module 2-12-02-2015 Neo-Assyrian Empire, Babylon

This document provides an overview of architecture during the Iron Age period from 1300 BC to 0 AD across various regions including Asia, Europe, America, Africa. It specifically examines the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 911 BC to 609 BC and their military dominance and fortified cities including Ashur and Dur-Sharrukin. It also describes the influential cities of Babylon and the layout of its summer palace, noting features like courtyards, throne rooms, and gardens.

Uploaded by

Nipun George
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2011 AR 103

History of

Architecture
CLASS 23

Nipun George
SCMS School of Architecture, Karukutty, Kochi.

MODULE 2

a. Neolithic Age / Bronze Age

b. Iron Age 1300BC 0AD

Iron Age 1300BC 0AD


ASIA

EUROPE

AMERICA

AFRICA

HOLICITY VARANASI
(1200 BC)

MINOAN CULTURE
(2700 BC 1450BC)

POVERTY POINT
(1650 BC 700BC)

IRON AGE EGYPT


(1500BC 0AD)

EASTERN ZHOU
DYNASTY
(1046BC 256BC)

HATTUSAS
(2000 BC 1200BC)

MACHALILLA
CULTURE
(1500BC 1100BC)

THE GREAT SUN


TEMPLE AT AMARNA
(1353BC 1336 BC)

NEO ASSYRIAN
EMPIRE
(911BC 609 BC)
TEMPLE OF
SOLOMON
(587BC)
BUDDHA PERIOD
MAURYAN EMPIRE
ASHOKA PILLAR
(approx.300BC)

GREEK CULTURE
(900BC )

OLMEC CULTURE
(1500 BC 400BC)
PRECLASSIC MAYA
CULTURE
(1000BC 250 AD)

Neo Assyrian Empire 911BC 609BC

First to command a truly Iron Age army.


NeoAssyrians imposed a particularly strict rule
of divinely sanctioned warfare.
Built bridges, tunnels, moats, and weapons of
various sorts.
By 668 BC , Assyria had control over Egypt and
the Nile River valley.

Assyrias first capital was Ashur


Sargon II (722705 BC) designed the Dur
Sharrukin (Fort Sargon) near Khorsabad.
It controlled the main pass route coming down
from the mountains to the north, and intended to
fend off any threat by the northern tribes.
In plan, the city was squarish.
Royal enclave resting on a 16m high, 25acre
platform (northwest) which contained the palace,
temples, and government buildings all
compressed into single unit protruding out of the
wall.
It had more than 200 rooms and 30 courtyards.

The palace opened around an inner courtyard


the public reception rooms decorated with
sculptures and inscriptions (hunting, worship,
feasts, and battles)
The Harem, with separate provisions for 4 wives,
occupied the south corner.
The stables, kitchen, bakery, and wine cellar were
located at the east corner.
Temple with a ziggurat, its 7 floor levels painted in
different colors and connected by ramps was
present.
Also held the administrative part of the city and
the houses of highranking officials.

Babylon
By 560 BC , Babylon was the most spectacular city
in all of Western Asia its forces marching even into
Egypt and the city amassing huge wealth.
The forced resettlement of conquered populations,
the Israelites among them, left large territories
untended or improperly governed.
Babylon was folded into the Persian Empire in 539
BC.
Babylon had two principal residential districts,
with the palace and ziggurat compounds located
along the shore of Euphrates.

The palace had a garden on a high terrace some


18 meters above the river.
known in ancient time as the Hanging Gardens.
A pump brought water up from the river.
The Ishtar gate, brilliantly decorated with animal
figures in yellow and white glazed brick against a
vivid blue background shows the splendour of the
city.
It was the terminus of a processional way that
led from the palace to the temple of Ishtar of
Agade.

The Summer Palace was located northern side of


the city near the Ishtar Gate and the Euphrates.
Similar to Assyrian tradition, the palace was not in
the city but at its perimeter,
but unlike Assyrian practices, the religious
precinct remained in the center.
The palace was constructed on high terraces
and overlooked the plain and river below.

Layout of the Summer Palace

There were 5 courtyards at the core of the palace,


each serving a different rooms.
The throne room was located lengthwise to the
largest.
It might have been barrelvaulted, given the size
of the walls.
The courtyards are not symmetrically aligned with
each other.
Access was from one to the other through a
type of gate room.

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