When to Study

1. Find out how you use and misuse your time before making any changes.
How I misuse my time:
- Coming in and out of the room for small things.
- Spending too much time on social media
- Reading irrelevant news
- Allowing my thoughts to run away
- Not delegating work
2. Plan two hours of study time for every hour spent in class.
There are exceptions, but this is a good general rule. Students making the transition
from high school or community college are often unaware of the increased workload
expected of them. The benefits of following the rule will be apparent at exam time.
3. Study difficult (or boring) subjects first.
If your chemistry problems put you to sleep, get to them first, while you are fresh.
Most of us tend to do what we like first, yet the courses we find most difficult require
the most creative energy. Save the subjects you enjoy for later.
4. Avoid scheduling marathon study sessions.
When possible, study in shorter sessions. Three three-hour sessions are far more

productive for most students than one nine-hour session. When you do study in long
sessions, take a planned break every hour. Work on several subjects and avoid
studying similar subjects back to back.
- 2 hours maximum per study session
5. Be aware of your best time of day.
Many students learn best in daylight hours. Observe yourself and, if this is true of
you, schedule study time for your most difficult subjects when the sun is up. The key
point is to determine your best learning time. If early morning doesn't work for you,
find out what time is better.
Morning:
Afternoon:
Evening:
6. Use waiting time.
Five minutes waiting time for the bus, 20 minutes waiting for the dentist, 10 minutes
between classes -- waiting time adds up fast. Have short study tasks ready to do
during these times. For example, carry 3X5 cards with equations, formulas, or
definitions and pull them out anywhere. Also, use time between classes or breaks
during work to review class notes or notes on reading. A solid review of a lecture can
be completed in 15 minutes, and even five minutes can be valuable if you are
prepared.

7. Keep a calendar for the semester.

Keep track of all your assignments, tests, and papers.
8. Make a weekly to-do list of important tasks and assignments that you need to
complete.
Be sure to prioritize the list and to do the most important tasks first.
How to Handle the Rest of the World
1. Pay attention to your attention.
Breaks in concentration are often caused by internal interruptions; your own thoughts
jump in to tell you another story about the world. If this happens too often, perhaps
you need to find a different study time or place.
2. Agree with living mates about study time.
This includes roommates, wives, husbands, parents, and/or kids. Make the rules clear
and be sure to follow them yourself. Make explicit agreements -- even written
contracts. Hang a "do not disturb" sign on your door. One student always wears a
colorful hat when he wants to study. When his roommates see the hat, they respect his
wish to be left alone.
3. Avoid noise distractions.
Don't study in front of the TV. Turn off the stereo. Many students insist that they study
better with music, and that may be true. Some students have reported good results
with carefully selected and controlled music. The overwhelming majority of research
indicates that silence is the best form of music for study.
4. Notice how others misuse your time.
Be aware of repeat offenders. Ask yourself if there are certain friends or relatives who
consistently interrupt your study time. If avoiding them is impractical, send a clear

(but gentle) message. Sometimes others don't realize they are breaking your
concentration.
5. Get off the phone/Un-plug from Social Media and Other Distractions
You don't have to be a telephone victim. Try saying, "I can't talk right now, I'm
studying" or let the call go to voicemail. Or avoid the whole problem by studying at
the library.
6. Learn to say no.
This is a valuable time saver for students, and a valuable life skill. Many people feel it
is rude to refuse a request. Saying "no" can be done effectively and courteously .
Others want you to succeed as a student. When you tell them that you can't comply
with a request because you are busy educating yourself, 99% will understand.
Things to Ask Yourself When You Get Stuck
1. Ask: What is one task I can accomplish toward my goal?
This is a good technique to use on big, imposing jobs . Pick out one small
accomplishment, preferably one you can complete in about five minutes, then do it.
The satisfaction of getting one thing done often spurs you on to get one more thing
done. Meanwhile the job gets smaller.
2. Ask: Am I beating myself up?
When you get frustrated with a reading assignment, or when you notice that your
attention wanders repeatedly, or when you fall behind on problems due for tomorrow,
take a minute to ask yourself, am I judging myself too harshly? Lighten up. Allow
yourself to feel a little foolish, recognize the feeling, and get on with it. Don't add to
the problem by berating yourself.
3. Ask: Is this a piano?
Carpenters who build rough frames for buildings have a saying they use when they
bend a nail or hack a chunk out of a two-by-four. They say, "Well, this ain't no piano."
It means perfection is not necessary. Ask yourself if what you are doing needs to be

perfect. You don't have to apply the same standards of grammar to review notes that
you apply to a term paper. The basketball player who refuses to shoot until the perfect
shot is available may never shoot. If you can complete a job 95 percent perfect in two
hours, and 100 percent in four hours, ask yourself whether the additional five percent
improvement is worth doubling the amount of time you spend.
Sometimes it is a piano. A tiny mistake can ruin an entire lab experiment. Computers
are notorious for turning little errors into monsters. Accept lower standards where
appropriate, especially when time is short.
4. Ask: How did I just waste time?
Notice when time passes and you haven't accomplished what you planned. Take a
minute to review your actions and note the specific way you wasted time. We operate
by habit and tend to waste time in the same ways over and over again. When you have
noticed things you do that kill your time, you are more likely to catch yourself in the
act next time. Observing one small quirk may save you hours.
5. Ask: Would I pay myself for what I'm doing right now?
If you were employed as a student, would you be earning your wages? Ask yourself
this question when you notice that you've taken your third popcorn break in 30
minutes. Most students are, in fact, employed as students. They are investing in their
own productivity and sometimes don't realize what a mediocre job may cost them.
6. Ask: Can I do just one more thing?
Ask yourself this question at the end of a long day. Almost always you may have
enough energy to do just one more short task. If you get in the habit of working until
you are done, then doing one more thing, those end-of-the-day tasks will soon add up.
The overall increase in your productivity will surprise you.

Techniques to Manage Procrastination

1. Set priorities

Not: I dont know where to being, so I cant begin at all.

Not: I have to do EVERYTHING! Nothing less will do.
Instead: The most important step is to pick one project to focus on.
2. Break the Task Down into Little Pieces
Not: Theres so much to do, and its so complicated. Im overwhelmed by my English term
paper.
Instead: I dont have to do the whole project at once. There are separate small steps I can take
one at a time to begin researching and drafting my paper.
3. Set up small, specific goals
Not: I have to write my thesis within two months.
Instead: If I write 2 pages per day, Monday-Friday, I can finish a 1st draft in 1 month. Ill have
revised final draft in 2 months.
4. Take one small step at a time
Not: Its too much. Ill never get it all done.
Instead: What is the one next step on my list? Ill concentrate on that step for right now.
5. Reward yourself right away when you accomplish a small goal
Not: I cant take any time out until Im completely finished.
Instead: I spent an hour working. Now Ill call a friend.
6. Use a time schedule
Not: I must devote the whole week to this project
Instead: I can use these times this week to work on my project:
Monday 7-8; Tuesday 7-9; Saturday 10-12

7. Learn how to tell time

Not: Sorting through these papers and reorganizing my file cabinet will be a snap. It wont take
me more than an hour, so I can do it any time.
Instead: Sorting papers always take longer than I expect, so Ill start tonight. Ill spend 1 hour
filing 1 stack of papers.
8. Optimize your chances for success
Not: Ill do my writing this weekend at home.
Instead: Ill write during the week in a library. (Choose whatever conditions are optimal for you
to get the work done.
9. Delegate, if possible
Not: I am the only person in the world who can do this.
Instead: I dont have to do this all by myself. I can ask someone else to do part of the job and still
feel a sense of accomplishment.