5 SIGNIFICANT LEARNINGS

1. I have learned that every organization has an operations function, whether or not
it is called operations. The goal or purpose of most organizations involves the
production of goods and/or services. To do this, they have to procure resources,
convert them into outputs and distribute them to their intended users. The term
operations embraces all the activities required to create and deliver an
organizations goods or services to its customers or clients.
2. I have learned to analyze and improve business processes in services or in
manufacturing by learning how to increase productivity and deliver higher quality
standards.
3. Compute cycle times for operations and estimate capacity of the system
4. Understand the various components of a supply chain and the need to configure
them appropriately
5. Understand and relate the concept of Lean Management to ones own business
situation.

Through the subject that I am taking, I have learned operations management but
what really get my attention was implementing the just in time. It is really needed to do
things on time to avoid delays especially in a business. In OM1, my professor
Ma.Lynflor Pendang taught me how to be responsible especially when it comes to major
subjects. I passed all the requirements needed. Also, operations management not
justonly focuses on the operation itself but also to the people that surrounds the
company. Also I have learned that firms are said to be internally neutral, meaning that
the operations function is regarded as being incapable of influencing competitive
success. Management, thereby, seeks only to minimize any negative impact that
operations may have on the firm. One might say that operations maintain a reactive
mode. When strategic issues involving operations arise, the firm usually calls in outside
experts. Second, firms are said to be externally neutral, meaning they seek parity with
competitors (neutrality) by following standard industry practices. Capital investments in
new equipment and facilities are seen as the most effective means of gaining
competitive advantage. Third, firms are labeled internally supportive, that is, operations'
contribution to the firm is dictated by the overall business strategy but operations have
no input into the overall strategy.

________________________
Delos Reyes, Michelle Jehn L.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank my college, College of Business Administration. For providing me

the opportunity to study this subject.
I am grateful to my professor, Ma. LynflorPendang, whose expertise, understanding,
generous guidance, for encouraging and support made it possible for me to work on a
topic research she have given me. It was a pleasure being a student of her.
I sincerely thank the people who are encouraging me to do so. For reminding me about
the research topic we should pass.
Lastly, I would like to thank my parents especially to people around me who assisted me
especially in financial.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank my college, College of Business Administration. For providing me

the opportunity to study this subject.
I am grateful to my professor, Ma. Lynflor Pendang, whose expertise, understanding,
generous guidance and support made it possible for me to work on a topic research she
have given me. It was a pleasure being a student of her.
I sincerely thank the people who are encouraging me to do so. For reminding me about
the research topic we should pass.
Lastly, I would like to thank my parents especially to people around me who assisted me
especially in financial.

In studying OM2 or the Inventory Management, I have learned that the inventory
management is the core management activity. Good inventory management is
important for the successful operation of most businesses and their supply chains.
Operations marketing, and finance have interests in good inventory management. A
stock or store of goods. Firms typically stock hundreds or even thousands of items in
inventory, ranging from small things such as pencils, paper clips, screws, nuts, and bolts
to large items such as machines, trucks, construction equipment, and
airplanes, Independent-demand items that are ready to be sold or used. Inventories are
a vital part of business. Not only are necessary for operations, but they also contribute
to customer satisfaction. Inventory decisions in service organizations can be especially
critical.

_______________________
Delos Reyes, Michelle Jehn L.

ADVANTAGES OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES

1. Cheaper Labor
One of the advantages of multinational corporations is the opportunity to operate in
countries where labor is not as expensive. This is one of the perks that smaller
companies do not enjoy. Multinationals can set up their offices in several countries
where demand for their services and products are high while cheaper labor is available.
2. Broader Market Base
By opening establishments or offices in several countries, multinationals increase their
chances of reaching out to customers on a global scale, a benefit which other
companies limited to regional offices and establishments do not have. The access to
more customers gives them more opportunities to develop and cater their products and
services that will fit the needs of potential customers.
3. Tax Cuts
Multinationals can enjoy lower taxes in other countries for exports and imports, an
advantage that owners of international corporations can take at any given day. And
although not all countries can have lower tariffs, there are those that give tax cuts to
investors to attract more international companies to do business in these countries.
4. Job Creation
When international companies set up branches in other countries, employees and
members of the team are locals. That said, more people are given employment
opportunities especially in developing countries.
DISADVANTAGES OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES:
1. Potential Abuse of Workers
Multinational companies often invest in developing countries where they can take
advantage of cheaper labor. Some multinational corporations prefer to put up branches
in these parts of the world where there are no stringent policies in labor and where
people need jobs because these multinationals can demand for cheaper labor and
lesser healthcare benefits.
2. Threat to Local Businesses
Another disadvantage of multinationals in other countries is their ability to dominate the
marker. These giant corporations can dominate the industries they are in because they
have better products and they can afford to even offer them at lower prices since they
have the financial resources to buy in bulk. This can eat up all the other small
businesses offering the same goods and services. Chances are, local businesses will
suffer and worse, close down.
3. Loss of Jobs
With more companies transferring offices and centering operations in other countries,

jobs for the people living in developed countries are threatened. Take the case of
multinationals that create offices in developing countries for their technical operations
and manufacturing. The jobs given to the locals of the host country should be the jobs
enjoyed by the people where the head office is located.
BEST PRACTICES OF PLDT

Leading telecoms company PLDT continues to excel in corporate governance

practices among listed-companies having been one of the Top Five Companies
in Corporate Governance at the PSE Bell Awards. Aimed at recognizing listed
companies and trading participants adhering to the highest CG standards in the
country, the PSE Bell Awards for Corporate Governance sets to raise CG
standards in the Philippine market and improve the country's image and standing
as an investment destination. We thank the PSE for recognizing our efforts in
upholding sound corporate governance in PLDT, and shall continue to strive and
adhere to best practices in compliance with PSE and global standards, said
PLDT Chairman Manuel V. Pangilinan. This year, PLDT received a Platinum
Award for Excellence in Management and Corporate Governance by leading
regional corporate finance publication The Asset, and was included in the top 10
Philippine companies with the Best Corporate Governance in the Finance Asia
Awards. PLDT was also recognized for being an Icon on Corporate Governance
in the Corporate Governance Asia Awards. In photo: PLDT SVP and Corporate
Treasurer Anabelle L. Chua, extreme right, received the Bell Awards trophy from
this years judges (from left) PAG-IBIG Fund President Darlene Berberabe, PSE
Chairman Jose Pardo, and Securities and Exchange Commission Chairperson
TeresitaHerbosa.

PLDT UTILIZING BARCODE AND BARCODE SCANNER

A barcode is an optical, machine-readable, representation of data; the data usually

describes something about the object that carries the barcode. Originally barcodes
systematically represented data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines,
and may be referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D). Later two-dimensional (2D)
codes were developed, using rectangles, dots,hexagons and other geometric patterns
in two dimensions, usually called barcodes although they do not use bars as such.
Barcodes originally were scanned by special optical scannerscalled barcode readers.
Laterapplications software became available for devices that could read images, such
as smartphones with cameras.
An early use of one type of barcode in an industrial context was sponsored by
the Association of American Railroadsin the late 1960s. Developed by General
Telephone and Electronics (GTE) and called KarTrak ACI (Automatic Car Identification),
this scheme involved placing colored stripes in various combinations on steel plates
which were affixed to the sides of railroad rolling stock. Two plates were used per car,
one on each side, with the arrangement of the colored stripes encoding information
such as ownership, type of equipment, and identification number. The plates were read

by a trackside scanner, located for instance, at the entrance to a classification yard,

while the car was moving past. The project was abandoned after about ten years
because the system proved unreliable after long-term use.
Barcodes became commercially successful when they were used to automate
supermarket checkoutsystems, a task for which they have become almost universal.

UNILAB INVENTORY PRACTICES

In the 1950s, while enrolled in a three-month course by the American

Management Association, Campos attended a seminar by the president of
McCormick, who explained how the giant food company never had labor
problems in the decades of its existence due to its Junior Board, composed of
managers and employees. This body was tasked to look after the welfare of
employees and their families. Upon his return to the Philippines, Campos
immediately organized a Junior Board for Unilab, with all members chosen by
him and with the goal of ensuring workers welfare. [2] It eventually became the
Unilab Employees Council.[3] Its labor force has never had a labor union like
other large industrial firms in the Philippines or Southeast Asia.

All employees at Unilab receive a meal subsidy for lunch, and those who work

overtime receive a free meal. As malnutrition is a concern in Manila, Unilab hires

a dietician to ensure that the canteen meals are nutritionally balanced.
Unilab provides all regular employees with eleven 50-kg sacks of whole grain rice

throughout the year, as a benefit above salary. Employees with children younger
than five years old also receive one 400 gram can of powdered milk per child
each month.

HUMAN NATURE INVENTORY PRACTICES

Scholars have long argued that various modern, Western cultures have
come to conceptualize the environment as a separate, ordered, and
submissive entity. A problematic humannature divide stems from this
rational view, resulting in environmental degradation. Yet, humans and
other-than-humans regularly interrupt these ordered, rational framings.
Through a qualitative examination of a K12 state forest conservation
education program, I use a transhuman, materialist communication
approach to illustrate how curriculum and the forest service
problematically construct humanature relations. I then show how

students, rangers, and other-than-humans disrupt and disorder these

framings. Instead of using practices that worsen the problem,
practitioners and researchers can create ecocultural conversations
connective communication practices that help bridge the humannature
divide.

ST. MICHAELS COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Operations Management 1

DELOS REYES, MICHELLE JEHN L.

STUDENT

MA. LYNFLOR PENDANG, D.M

INSTRUCTOR

OCTOBER 2016

ST. MICHAELS COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Operations Management 2

DELOS REYES, MICHELLE JEHN L.

STUDENT

MA. LYNFLOR PENDANG, D.M

INSTRUCTOR

OCTOBER 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Supply Chain Management
Inventory
Importance of Inventory in Supply Chain
Principles of Inventory
Cost Inventory
JIT
- JIT Program of Toyota
- Kanban System
Multi-Tasking
Multi-Skilling
SMT(Small Managing Team)
Formula of Productivity
Multi-factor Productivity
Barcode

1
2
3
4-5
6
7
8-9
10-11
12
13

- Barcode Scanner
Requirements of Effective Inventory
Importance of Service Inventory
Periodic and Perpetual Inventory System
ABC Approach of Inventory
Economic Order Quantity
- Importance of EOQ
Holding Cost (carrying cost)
Inventory Turnover
Lead Time
Point of Sale
Quality Discounts
Safety Stocks
- Quantity Discounts
Apples Secret for Success in Inventory Management
Why did Apple turn to Contract
EPQ (Economic Production Quantity
- Fixed Order Interval Model
- Benefits and Disadvantage
Objectives of Inventory Control
Inventory Counting System
- Two-Bin System
- Steps in Cycle Counting
Reasons for Single Period Model
- Advantage and Disadvantages of Continuous System Model
Benefits and Disadvantage of Single Period Model
- Shortage Cost
Excess Cost
Inventory Management as Core Operations Management Activity
Fill Rate
- Fill Rate and Cycle Service Level are Distinct
- Importance
Lead Time
Littles Law
Trends in Multi-National Companies
- Advantages and Disadvantages
Best Practices of Inventory in PLDT
PLDT Barcode and Barcode Scanner
Unilab Inventory Practices
Human Natures Inventory Practices
15 Ways to Reduce Climate Change
Newbits 2016
5 Significant Learnings in OM1
5 Tangible and Intangible Benefits in Attending OM1
Conclusion

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25-26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34-35
36
37
38-40
41-43
44
45
46
47
48
49-67
68
69
70

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Operation
Management
- Organization with Structure
Effectiveness
- Efficiency
Own Mission and Vision
Operations Management
- Role of Operations Manager
VMG of Nestl
5 Richest Men in the World
5 Richest Men in the Philippines
Creating My Own Company
5 Organizational Structures
Definition of Terms
- Needs
- Wants
- Luxuries

1
2
3
4
5-6
7
8-9
10-11
12
13-14
15-17

- Demands
Assignment ( Sunrise Baking Co.)
Forecasting
Elements Of a Good Forecast
Steps in Forecasting Process
Approaches to Forecasting
Forecast Based on Judgment and Opinion
System Design
Importance of Product and Service Design
Strategic Capacity Planning
Importance of Standardization
Phases of Product Design
Issues in Product Design
Issues in Service Design
List of Challenges of Service Design
Management Terms
- Accountability
- Responsibility VS. Authority
- Tall VS. Flat Organization
- Delegation of Authority
- Line Authority
- Staff Authority
Management of Samsung Cellphone Operation
Product Design of Nike Shoes
Centralization
Decentralization
Work Design And Importance
Sustainability of Work Design
Life Cycle Assessment
3Rs
- Reduce
- Reuse
- Recycle
3R Song Composition
9 Phases of Product Design
- Idea Generation
- Feasibility Analysis
- Product Specification
- Process Specification
- Design Review
- Market Test
- Product Introduction
- Follow-Up Evaluation
Production and Service Design
Strategies of Production Life Stages
Strategies of Service Life Stages
Reliability of Production Design
Robust Design
Global Product Design
Sample Design of Production through CAD
Service Design

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28-29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43-44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65

Shangri La Hotel- Makati

Service Delivery System Flow of Shangri La Hotel
Phases of Service Delivery of Shangri La Hotel
Difference between Product and Service Design
Difference between Product and Service Design Sample Flow
Definition of Terms
- Computer Aided Design
- Design of Manufacturing
- Design for Recycling
- Life Cycle Assessment
- Product Liability
- Service Delivery System
PROJECT:
- Cellphone VS. Landline
- Flat Screen VS. Traditional TV Set
- New Plastic Mousetrap VS. Touch Screen
- Satellite VS. Cable
10 Steps in Making Cash Withdrawal
PROJECT:
- Innovior Company Pen-Holders
Requirements for Setting Up a Business
Seven (7) Categories of Waste in Operations
- Overproduction
- Waiting
- Over Processing
- Transportation
- Resources
- Motion
- Defective Goods
Setting Up Supply Strategy
Internal Strategy for Role of Operation Management Process
Supplier Relationship Management and Development
Innovation of British Nuclear Fuel
PROJECT:
- Customer Policy or Quality Management of Ayala Malls
- New Ways of Operations Management of Samsung
NEWSBITS 2016
Conlusion

66
67
68
69
70
71-72

73
74
75
76
77-78
79-91
92-93
94-95
96-97
98
99-100
101-102
103-105
106-108
109-112
113
114-115
116-117
118
119-120
112-140
141